PMID- 9938148
TI  - Deep inelastic neutron scattering from single-crystal hcp 4He.

PMID- 9938149
TI  - Finite susceptibility of the Ising model on a hierarchical lattice.

PMID- 9938150
TI  - Phase-field methods for interfacial boundaries.

PMID- 9938151
TI  - Fixed points and domain growth for the Potts model.

PMID- 9938152
TI  - Mobility of positrons in polyethylene.

PMID- 9938153
TI  - New approach to enhanced heat exchange efficiencies at ultralow temperatures.

PMID- 9938154
TI  - Comments on Abraham's intrinsic interface structure.

PMID- 9938156
TI  - Nearest-neighbor exchange in solid 3He.

PMID- 9938155
TI  - Reply to "Comments on Abraham's intrinsic interface structure"

PMID- 9938158
TI  - Observation of muon-fluorine "hydrogen bonding" in ionic crystals.

PMID- 9938157
TI  - Comment on "Irrelevant variables, Landau expansions, and cubic anisotropy."

PMID- 9938159
TI  - ESR study of the temperature dependence of metallic complexes of alkali-metal
      doped polyacetylene.

PMID- 9938161
TI  - Neutron-diffraction evidence for ordering in the high-Tc phase of beta -di

PMID- 9938160
TI  - Pressure-induced superconductivity in high-pressure phases of Si.

PMID- 9938162
TI  - Effect of magnetic-field-induced frustration on the superconducting transition of
      proximity-coupled arrays.

PMID- 9938163
TI  - Surface term in the superconductive Ginzburg-Landau free energy: Application to
      thin films.

PMID- 9938164
TI  - Evidence for locally correlated spin canting in the reentrant spin-glass state of
      Au-Fe alloys.

PMID- 9938166
TI  - Finite-size scaling and the three-dimensional Ising model.

PMID- 9938165
TI  - Fractal dimensionality of percolation clusters in (FepNil-p)80P20.

PMID- 9938167
TI  - Macroscopic dynamics of randomly canted ferromagnets and skewed spin glasses.

PMID- 9938168
TI  - Elastic percolation models for cohesive mechanical failure in heterogeneous
      systems.

PMID- 9938169
TI  - Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Co: Evidence for magnetism
      stabilizing structure.

PMID- 9938170
TI  - Randomly ferromagnetic behavior of the mixed spinel system Cd Cr1.8In0.2S4.

PMID- 9938171
TI  - Monte Carlo study of a generalized-planar-model antiferromagnet with frustration.

PMID- 9938172
TI  - Fast heat-bath algorithm for the Ising model.

PMID- 9938173
TI  - Nonperturbative renormalization-group calculations for continuum spin systems.

PMID- 9938175
TI  - Photoemission spectroscopy for the spin-degenerate Anderson model.

PMID- 9938174
TI  - Velocity selection in dendritic growth.

PMID- 9938176
TI  - Evidence of a magnetic gaplike excitation in URu2Si2.

PMID- 9938178
TI  - Two-component model for the resistivity and noise of tunneling metal-insulator
      composites.

PMID- 9938177
TI  - Quantum Monte Carlo study of a lattice-atom model for excitonic fluids.

PMID- 9938179
TI  - Pressure dependence of the cyclotron mass of antimony.

PMID- 9938180
TI  - H-induced structural phase transitions on W(100) by surface infrared
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9938181
TI  - Icosahedral aluminum-transition-metal alloys.

PMID- 9938182
TI  - Photoinduced luminescence from the noble metals and its enhancement on roughened
      surfaces.

PMID- 9938183
TI  - Numerical tests of high-precision multiple-scattering band theory.

PMID- 9938185
TI  - Plasma resonances in thin Bi films.

PMID- 9938184
TI  - Theoretical study of the cohesive and structural properties of Mo and W in bcc,
      fcc, and hcp structures.

PMID- 9938186
TI  - Optical absorption by clusters of small metallic spheres.

PMID- 9938187
TI  - Polarized-x-ray-absorption studies of graphite intercalated-bromine compounds.

PMID- 9938188
TI  - Embedded-atom-method functions for the fcc metals Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, and
      their alloys.

PMID- 9938190
TI  - Theory of inelastic electron tunneling intensities which includes a nonconstant
      barrier potential.

PMID- 9938189
TI  - Energy averaging and the flux-periodic phenomena in small normal-metal rings.

PMID- 9938191
TI  - Local-density total-energy supercell description of excited-state properties of
      solids: Ce photoemission and inverse photoemission spectra.

PMID- 9938193
TI  - Linearized atomic-cell orbital method for energy-band calculations.

PMID- 9938192
TI  - Generalized Langevin-equation approach to impurity diffusion in solids:
      Perturbation theory.

PMID- 9938194
TI  - Electronic heat capacity of the strongly exchange-enhanced metal USn3.

PMID- 9938196
TI  - Two-component lattice-gas model for surface segregation in liquid alloys.

PMID- 9938195
TI  - Comparative study of the formation of Cr/Ge and Ge/Cr thin-film interfaces.

PMID- 9938197
TI  - New approach to effective medium for composite materials: Application to
      electromagnetic properties.

PMID- 9938198
TI  - Determination of the electronic structure of transition-metal compounds: 2p x-ray
      photoemission spectroscopy of the nickel dihalides.

PMID- 9938199
TI  - Strong interference between decay channels and valence-electron rearrangements in
      core-hole spectroscopy.

PMID- 9938200
TI  - Elastic interactions between hydrogen atoms in metals. I. Lattice forces and
      displacements.

PMID- 9938201
TI  - Elastic interactions between hydrogen atoms in metals. II. Elastic interaction
      energies.

PMID- 9938203
TI  - Electronic structure of UPt3.

PMID- 9938202
TI  - Medium-energy ion-scattering analysis of the Cu(110) surface.

PMID- 9938204
TI  - Theoretical examination of the quantum-size effect in thin grey-tin films.

PMID- 9938205
TI  - Ordered hydrogen overlayers on metal surfaces.

PMID- 9938206
TI  - Experimental study of localization and electron-electron interaction effects in
      thin Au wires.

PMID- 9938208
TI  - Low-energy electron-loss spectroscopy of GaSe and InSe.

PMID- 9938207
TI  - Condensation transition in the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model.

PMID- 9938209
TI  - Large-amplitude quantum fluctuations and subgap optical absorption in trans
      polyacetylene.

PMID- 9938210
TI  - Analysis of photothermal ionization spectra of shallow impurities in silicon.

PMID- 9938211
TI  - Tight-binding Green's-function approach to off-center defects: Nitrogen and
      oxygen in silicon.

PMID- 9938212
TI  - High-resolution optical spectroscopy of nickel ions in II-VI semiconductors:
      Isotope shifts at the 3T1(F) 3T1(P) and 3T1(F) 3A2(F) Ni2+ transitions in CdS and
      ZnS crystals.

PMID- 9938213
TI  - Dependence of energy gap on x and T in Zn1-xMnxSe: The role of exchange
      interaction.

PMID- 9938214
TI  - Electron-electron interactions in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures.

PMID- 9938216
TI  - Semiempirical formalism for the calculation of deep-level wave functions in k
      space.

PMID- 9938215
TI  - Green's-function-quantum-defect treatment of impurity photoionization in
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9938217
TI  - Thermoelectric power of the two-dimensional electron gas in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs
      heterostructures.

PMID- 9938218
TI  - Properties of shallow Li-related donors in GaP from optically detected magnetic
      resonance.

PMID- 9938219
TI  - General considerations on optical second-harmonic generation from surfaces and
      interfaces.

PMID- 9938221
TI  - Grating-coupler-induced intersubband resonances in electron inversion layers of
      silicon.

PMID- 9938220
TI  - Screened Coulombic impurity bound states in semi-infinite multiple-quantum-well
      systems.

PMID- 9938222
TI  - Energy-momentum relation for polarons confined to one dimension.

PMID- 9938224
TI  - Electronic structure of deep-lying sulfur centers in Si.

PMID- 9938223
TI  - Mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas at selectively doped n -type AlxGa1
      xAs/GaAs heterojunctions with controlled electron concentrations.

PMID- 9938225
TI  - Solid-state analogue of the relativistic gases.

PMID- 9938226
TI  - Ultrasonic relaxation rates in palladium hydride and palladium deuteride.

PMID- 9938228
TI  - Hydrogenic energy levels in two dimensions at arbitrary magnetic fields.

PMID- 9938227
TI  - Quantitative analysis of streaks in reflection high-energy electron diffraction:
      GaAs and AlAs deposited on GaAs(001).

PMID- 9938230
TI  - k

PMID- 9938229
TI  - k

PMID- 9938231
TI  - Time decays of donor-bound excitons in GaAs under pressure-induced Gamma -X
      crossover.

PMID- 9938232
TI  - Phonon-induced shift in shallow donor levels of semiconductor quantum structures.

PMID- 9938233
TI  - Subbands and excitons in a quantum well in an electric field.

PMID- 9938234
TI  - Plasmons in semiconducting superlattices with a complex unit cell.

PMID- 9938236
TI  - Theory of the temperature dependence of Si(111)2 x 1 surface-state optical
      absorption.

PMID- 9938235
TI  - Raman scattering and optical-absorption studies of the metastable alloy system
      GaAsxSb1-x.

PMID- 9938237
TI  - Defect-enhanced annealing by carrier recombination in GaAs.

PMID- 9938239
TI  - Absorption effects in the determination of anomalous scattering factors using x
      ray refraction through a prism.

PMID- 9938238
TI  - High-pressure studies of GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wells of widths 26 to 150 A

PMID- 9938241
TI  - First-principles determination of the sublinear dependence of the direct &) on
      hydrostatic pressure.

PMID- 9938240
TI  - Excess carrier densities in amorphous-silicon doping-modulated multilayers.

PMID- 9938242
TI  - New aspects of variable-range hopping in finite one-dimensional wires.

PMID- 9938243
TI  - Dissipative transport in transition regions between quantum Hall plateaus.

PMID- 9938244
TI  - Acoustic properties of heavily doped many-valley semiconductors in the weak
      localization regime.

PMID- 9938245
TI  - High-resolution spectroscopy of defect-bound excitons and acceptors in GaAs grown
      by molecular-beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9938246
TI  - Self-consistent electronic structures of polyacetylene.

PMID- 9938248
TI  - Drift and diffusion of paraexcitons in Cu2O: Deformation-potential scattering in
      the low-temperature regime.

PMID- 9938247
TI  - Coulomb effects in disordered solids.

PMID- 9938249
TI  - Strong electron-phonon coupling in defect luminescence in P-doped a-Si:H.

PMID- 9938250
TI  - Gallium-isotope fine structure of impurity modes due to defect complexes in GaAs.

PMID- 9938251
TI  - Nonresonant Faraday rotation in glassy semiconductors.

PMID- 9938252
TI  - Theory of conducting polymers with weak electron-electron interactions.

PMID- 9938253
TI  - Bound state of an external impurity at a semiconductor-semiconductor interface in
      the presence of a magnetic field.

PMID- 9938254
TI  - Electronic transport in molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown AlxGa1-xAs.

PMID- 9938256
TI  - Band-gap shifts in heavily doped n-type GaAs.

PMID- 9938255
TI  - Electron-hole liquid in layered InSe: Comparison of two- and three-dimensional
      excitonic states.

PMID- 9938257
TI  - Magnetophonon oscillations in quasi-two-dimensional quantum wells.

PMID- 9938258
TI  - Optical cross sections associated with deep-level impurities in semiconductors.

PMID- 9938259
TI  - Theoretical studies of metal disilicide-silicon interfaces.

PMID- 9938260
TI  - Phonon density of states, free energy, and anharmonicity of LiKSO4.

PMID- 9938261
TI  - High-pressure static and dynamic properties of the R3-barc phase of solid
      nitrogen.

PMID- 9938262
TI  - Polarized resonant Raman spectra of fully oriented trans-polyacetylene:
      Experiments and theory.

PMID- 9938263
TI  - Structural properties and electron density of NaCl.

PMID- 9938264
TI  - Dislocation dipoles in rare-gas monolayers.

PMID- 9938265
TI  - Electronic properties of glassy Pt-Si films.

PMID- 9938266
TI  - Time-resolved spectroscopy of the visible emission band in strontium titanate.

PMID- 9938267
TI  - Electro-optic contribution to Raman scattering from alkali halides.

PMID- 9938268
TI  - Scattering of high-energy phonons at irregular surfaces without and with liquid
      He.

PMID- 9938269
TI  - Polytypism: A controlled thermodynamic phenomenon.

PMID- 9938270
TI  - Potential-induced breathing model for the elastic moduli and high-pressure
      behavior of the cubic alkaline-earth oxides.

PMID- 9938271
TI  - Stability and instability in crystal growth. II. Asymmetric solutions of the
      thermodiffusion model.

PMID- 9938272
TI  - Electron energy bands and cohesive properties of CsCl, CsBr, and CsI.

PMID- 9938273
TI  - Initial growth of Ti on Si.

PMID- 9938274
TI  - Dynamical properties of copper halides. I. Interionic forces, charges, and phonon
      dispersion curves.

PMID- 9938275
TI  - Dynamical properties of copper halides. II. Theoretical study of the anomalies in
      the line shape of the transverse optic phonons.

PMID- 9938276
TI  - Calculation of anharmonic phonon couplings in C, Si, and Ge.

PMID- 9938277
TI  - Al-M+ centers (M=Li,Na,K) in a quartz crystal: Potential surfaces.

PMID- 9938278
TI  - Conductivity mode in blue bronze.

PMID- 9938279
TI  - Electronic structure of a GaAs quantum well in an electric field.

PMID- 9938280
TI  - Picosecond luminescence study of hot-carrier relaxation in 1.3- microm
      In0.72Ga0.28As0.6P0.4.

PMID- 9938281
TI  - Central-cell and screening effects on the binding energies of neutral chalcogen
      impurities in silicon.

PMID- 9938282
TI  - Isomerization-induced evolution of piezoreflectance structures in polyacetylene
      films.

PMID- 9938283
TI  - Effects of the e-e interaction on the localized modes of solitons in
      polyacetylene.

PMID- 9938284
TI  - Mechanism for spatial separation of charge carriers in inhomogeneous
      semiconductor alloys.

PMID- 9938285
TI  - FA centers in additively colored KI:Li crystals.

PMID- 9938286
TI  - Comment on "Thomas-Fermi-Dirac statistical theory of dispersive dielectric
      screening in undoped semiconductors at zero temperature."

PMID- 9938287
TI  - Comment on "Green's-function calculation of the lattice response near the vacancy
      in Si."

PMID- 9938288
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Green's-function calculation of the lattice response near
      the vacancy in Si'."

PMID- 9938289
TI  - Erratum: Application of a general self-cconsistenccy scheme in the linear
      combination of atomic orbitals formalism to the electronic and structural
      properties of Si and W

PMID- 9938290
TI  - Erratum: HgTe-CdTe superlattice subband dispersion

PMID- 9938291
TI  - Metal-insulator transition and the stability of rocksalt and zinc-blende crystal
      structures.

PMID- 9938293
TI  - Accurate and simple density functional for the electronic exchange energy:
      Generalized gradient approximation.

PMID- 9938292
TI  - Dimensional crossover of weak-localization and interaction effects in
      Nb0.53Ti0.47-Ge multilayers.

PMID- 9938294
TI  - Anomalous inelastic electron scattering from small metal particles.

PMID- 9938295
TI  - Henry's law of adsorption on a fractal surface.

PMID- 9938296
TI  - Direct observation of elastic strain and relaxation at a metal-metal interface by
      Auger electron diffraction: Cu/Ni(001).

PMID- 9938298
TI  - Observation of rotational anisotropy in the second-harmonic generation from a
      metal surface.

PMID- 9938297
TI  - Theoretical and experimental study of a surface state on Cr(110).

PMID- 9938299
TI  - Density-functional approximation for the correlation energy of the inhomogeneous
      electron gas.

PMID- 9938300
TI  - Diffusivities of Ni, Zr, Au, and Cu in amorphous Ni-Zr alloys.

PMID- 9938301
TI  - Impurity displacement by vacancy trapping in gold-implanted iron single crystals
      at low dose.

PMID- 9938303
TI  - Orientation of adsorbed CO on Pt(111)+K by x-ray photoelectron diffraction.

PMID- 9938302
TI  - Structure-induced electronic states for Hg overlayers on Ag(100).

PMID- 9938304
TI  - Quantum-interference contribution to the thermoelectric coefficient of degenerate
      and nondegenerate electron gases.

PMID- 9938305
TI  - Possibility for direct experimental determination of two-dimensional electron
      density of states.

PMID- 9938306
TI  - Interaction effects among two-dimensional electrons and holes.

PMID- 9938308
TI  - Photoemission study of the surface states that pin the Fermi level at Si(100)2 x
      1 surfaces.

PMID- 9938307
TI  - Bolometric measurement of the charge-density-wave gap in TaS3.

PMID- 9938309
TI  - Zero-phonon line associated with the midgap level EL2 in GaAs: Correlation with
      the AsGa antisite defect.

PMID- 9938311
TI  - Two-dimensional hole-gas cyclotron line splitting in the extreme quantum regime.

PMID- 9938310
TI  - Light scattering determination of band offsets in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9938312
TI  - Evidence for germanium segregation on thin films of Ag on Ge(111).

PMID- 9938313
TI  - Ground-state variational wave function for the quasi-one-dimensional
      semiconductor quantum wire.

PMID- 9938314
TI  - Influence of doping on transport and recombination of excess charge carriers in a
      Si:H.

PMID- 9938315
TI  - Exactly exponential band tail in a glassy semiconductor.

PMID- 9938316
TI  - Microscopic calculation of the surface contribution to optical reflectivity:
      Application to Si.

PMID- 9938318
TI  - Influence of hydrostatic pressure on the platinum levels in silicon.

PMID- 9938317
TI  - Calculated superlattice and interface phonons of InAs/GaSb superlattices.

PMID- 9938319
TI  - Model supercell local-density calculations of the 3d excitation spectra in NiO.

PMID- 9938321
TI  - Interstitials in graphite and disordered carbons.

PMID- 9938320
TI  - Evidence for the absence of a c(2 x 2) superstructure for oxygen on Cu(100).

PMID- 9938323
TI  - Analysis of cermet films with large metal packing fractions.

PMID- 9938322
TI  - Statistical mechanics of the effective mass of the polaron.

PMID- 9938324
TI  - Scaling description of the dielectric function near the mobility edge.

PMID- 9938325
TI  - Comparison of transverse-electron-focusing and scanning-tunneling-microscopy
      measurements on Ag(001) and (011) surfaces.

PMID- 9938326
TI  - Layer-resolved shifts of photoemission and Auger spectra from physisorbed rare
      gas multilayers.

PMID- 9938327
TI  - Static properties of a uniform electron gas: A phenomenological approach.

PMID- 9938328
TI  - Efficient solution of Poisson's equation in linear combination of atomic orbitals
      calculations of crystal electronic structure.

PMID- 9938329
TI  - Rare-earth-metal-semiconductor interfacial reactions: Thermodynamic aspects.

PMID- 9938330
TI  - Photoemission from H adsorbed on Ni(111) and Pd(111) surfaces.

PMID- 9938331
TI  - Total-energy calculations for intermetallic compounds with a first-principles
      linear combination of atomic orbitals method.

PMID- 9938332
TI  - Electron momentum distribution in vanadium: Compton scattering measurements and
      band-structure calculation.

PMID- 9938333
TI  - Unoccupied surface states on Cu(001): A comparison of experiment and theory.

PMID- 9938334
TI  - Electronic densities of states of semi-infinite disordered chains: Comparisons of
      exact and analytic calculations.

PMID- 9938335
TI  - Deformation potentials and the electron-phonon interaction in metals.

PMID- 9938336
TI  - Anderson localization and delocalization in an electric field.

PMID- 9938337
TI  - Raman scattering and attenuated-total-reflection studies of surface-plasmon
      polaritons.

PMID- 9938338
TI  - Perturbation theory for the two-dimensional polaron in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9938339
TI  - High-pressure and low-temperature study of electrical resistance of lithium.

PMID- 9938341
TI  - Linear augmented-plane-wave calculation of the structural properties of bulk Cr,
      Mo, and W.

PMID- 9938340
TI  - Electronic structure of substoichiometric carbides and nitrides of titanium and
      vanadium.

PMID- 9938343
TI  - Dehancement of impurity and self-diffusion in niobium by tungsten additions.

PMID- 9938342
TI  - Practical method for full curved-wave theory analysis of experimental extended x
      ray-absorption fine structure.

PMID- 9938344
TI  - Theoretical examination of the trapping of ion-implanted hydrogen in metals.

PMID- 9938346
TI  - Interaction potential between rare-gas atoms and metal surfaces.

PMID- 9938345
TI  - Electronic structure of the Yb/Ge(111) interface.

PMID- 9938347
TI  - Optical and electrical properties of thin silver films grown under ion
      bombardment.

PMID- 9938348
TI  - Electronic-transport properties of amorphous Cu-Ti films.

PMID- 9938349
TI  - Calculation of elastic constants using isothermal molecular dynamics.

PMID- 9938350
TI  - Atomic structure of a {001} surface of Ni3Al.

PMID- 9938352
TI  - Highly accurate renormalized mode-coupling theory for the reflectivity of a
      diffraction grating.

PMID- 9938351
TI  - Experimental study of the three-dimensional ac conductivity and dielectric
      constant of a conductor-insulator composite near the percolation threshold.

PMID- 9938353
TI  - Core-electron binding energies of adsorbed metallic monolayers: Au/Ag(111).

PMID- 9938354
TI  - Metal-silicon interfaces and multiple scattering in their low-energy electron
      diffractions.

PMID- 9938355
TI  - Plasmon-pole and paramagnon-pole model of an electron liquid.

PMID- 9938356
TI  - High- and low-energy Auger-electron transitions in ytterbium and gold: Theory and
      experiments.

PMID- 9938357
TI  - Beyond the random-phase approximation in nonlocal-density-functional theory.

PMID- 9938358
TI  - Propagation of electromagnetic waves in displacively modulated crystals.

PMID- 9938359
TI  - Hopping conductivity in one dimension with asymmetric transfer rates.

PMID- 9938361
TI  - Random-phase-approximation study of the response function describing optical
      second-harmonic generation from a metal selvedge.

PMID- 9938360
TI  - Self-consistent calculation of electron-density profiles at strongly charged
      jellium surfaces.

PMID- 9938362
TI  - Electronic states in coupled random chains.

PMID- 9938363
TI  - Hybridization in correlated bands studied with the Gutzwiller method: Application
      to fluctuating valence and heavy fermions.

PMID- 9938365
TI  - Band structures of SixGe1-x alloys.

PMID- 9938364
TI  - Diffusion of an adsorbed particle: Dependence on the adatom-substrate
      interaction.

PMID- 9938366
TI  - Theory of the surface acoustic soliton. III. Effect of the anharmonic loss and
      surface inhomogeneities.

PMID- 9938367
TI  - Theory of cyclotron-resonance line shape for an electron-phonon system.

PMID- 9938368
TI  - Photon-drag experiment and the electromagnetic momentum in matter.

PMID- 9938369
TI  - Transient photovoltaic effect in semiconductor superlattices.

PMID- 9938370
TI  - Site symmetry and deformation-potential constants of Al-X acceptors in silicon.

PMID- 9938371
TI  - Transient photoinduced optical absorption spectroscopy in trigonal single-crystal
      selenium.

PMID- 9938372
TI  - Temperature dependence of the conductivity for the two-dimensional electron gas:
      Analytical results for low temperatures.

PMID- 9938373
TI  - Nonadiabatic phonon coupling for bound excitons in ZnTe.

PMID- 9938375
TI  - Hydrogen passivation of shallow-acceptor impurities in p-type GaAs.

PMID- 9938374
TI  - Temperature dependence of the optical spectra of Si, Ge, and Ge-Si alloys.

PMID- 9938376
TI  - Commutativity and transitivity of GaAs-AlAs-Ge(100) band offsets.

PMID- 9938377
TI  - Temperature dependence of the dielectric function and the interband critical
      points in orthorhombic GeS.

PMID- 9938378
TI  - Many-electron model of equilibrium metal-semiconductor contacts and semiconductor
      heterojunctions.

PMID- 9938379
TI  - Optical study of complex formation in Ag-doped CdTe.

PMID- 9938381
TI  - Raman scattering from the vibrational modes in Zn1-xMnxTe.

PMID- 9938380
TI  - Electrical study of Schottky barriers on atomically clean GaAs(110) surfaces.

PMID- 9938382
TI  - Plasmon-phonon-assisted electron-hole recombination in Si at very high carrier
      density.

PMID- 9938383
TI  - Electron charge densities at conduction-band edges of semiconductors.

PMID- 9938384
TI  - Many-body effects in the absorption, gain, and luminescence spectra of
      semiconductor quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9938386
TI  - Band tails in disordered systems.

PMID- 9938385
TI  - Experimental study of the current flow in the quantum Hall regime.

PMID- 9938387
TI  - Determination of the radius of convergence of the perturbation expansion using
      Pade approximants: Application to the Huckel limit of the Hubbard model for
      finite cyclic polyenes.

PMID- 9938389
TI  - Electric field dependence of the Hall effect in polar semiconductors: Streaming
      to accumulation transition.

PMID- 9938388
TI  - Synchrotron radiation study of Cd1-xMnxTe (0 <= x <= 0.65).

PMID- 9938390
TI  - Raman scattering from coupled plasmon-LO-phonon modes in n-type AlxGa1-xAs.

PMID- 9938391
TI  - Neutral (Cu-Li) complexes in GaP: The (Cu-Li)V bound exciton at 2.172 eV.

PMID- 9938392
TI  - Deep states associated with platinum in silicon: A photoluminescence study.

PMID- 9938393
TI  - Vibrational excitations in a-Ge:F,H alloys.

PMID- 9938395
TI  - Electronic properties of cubic crystals with an average of five valence electrons
      per atom.

PMID- 9938394
TI  - Instability mechanism in helicon-wave propagation in layered structures.

PMID- 9938396
TI  - Group-theoretical study of triple acceptors in group-IV semiconductors under
      uniaxial stress.

PMID- 9938397
TI  - Shubnikov-de Haas experiments on potassium-hydrogen graphite intercalation
      compounds (KHx-GIC's).

PMID- 9938398
TI  - Mechanical stress in a dielectric solid from a uniform electric field.

PMID- 9938400
TI  - Nonlinear coherent interaction and an instability of the polariton-biexciton
      system in CuCl.

PMID- 9938399
TI  - Electronic structure and stability of different crystal phases of magnesium
      oxide.

PMID- 9938401
TI  - Neutron diffraction study of potassium-graphite intercalation compounds at high
      pressure: Staging transitions and one-dimensional disorder.

PMID- 9938403
TI  - C 1s excitation studies of diamond (111). II. Unoccupied surface states.

PMID- 9938402
TI  - C 1s excitation studies of diamond (111). I. Surface core levels.

PMID- 9938404
TI  - Evidence of temperature-defect-induced first-order Raman scattering in pure NaCl
      crystals.

PMID- 9938405
TI  - Optical spectrum and Jahn-Teller splitting of Cu2+ sites in K2CuF4 based on ab
      initio studies of (CuF6)4- clusters.

PMID- 9938406
TI  - Nonlinear theory of domain walls and domain effective interactions in
      intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9938408
TI  - Brillouin spectroscopy of incommensurate Ba2NaNb5O15 at its 105-K phase
      transition.

PMID- 9938407
TI  - Laser spectroscopy of ion-size effects on point-defect equilibria in PbF2:Eu3+

PMID- 9938409
TI  - X-ray intensity calculation in alkali-metal graphite intercalation compounds:
      Discommensuration-domain model.

PMID- 9938410
TI  - Bound magnetic polarons in diluted magnetic semiconductors: The high-temperature
      regime.

PMID- 9938411
TI  - Multilayer relaxation of a clean bcc Fe{111} surface.

PMID- 9938413
TI  - Plasmon bands in periodic conducting heterostructures.

PMID- 9938412
TI  - Temperature-dependent far-infrared absorption of a metal-insulator composite.

PMID- 9938415
TI  - Path-integral study of localization in the generalized polaron problem.

PMID- 9938414
TI  - Adsorption site of c(2 x 2) O on Ni(0001): An off-normal-direction energy
      dependent photoelectron-diffraction study.

PMID- 9938416
TI  - Three-body forces in the lattice dynamics of fcc nickel.

PMID- 9938418
TI  - Resonant carrier capture by semiconductor quantum wells.

PMID- 9938417
TI  - Phonon-emission rate in two-dimensional semiconductor microstructures.

PMID- 9938419
TI  - 3d photoemission study of the intermediate valence of Sm on Si(001).

PMID- 9938420
TI  - Correlation and competition between stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering
      processes.

PMID- 9938421
TI  - Pseudopotential band structure of indium nitride.

PMID- 9938422
TI  - Anomalous ultrasonic attenuation in ammonium aluminum alum.

PMID- 9938423
TI  - Onset of oxidation of Al(111) at low temperatures: A study by electron-energy
      loss spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy.

PMID- 9938424
TI  - Experimental observation of adsorbate orbital splitting at single-crystal metal
      surfaces.

PMID- 9938425
TI  - Hysteresis in the thermopower of 2H-TaSe2 in the charge-density-wave state.

PMID- 9938426
TI  - Comment on "Annihilation and creation of a Korteweg-de Vries soliton"

PMID- 9938427
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Annihilation and creation of a Korteweg-de Vries soliton' "

PMID- 9938428
TI  - Erratum: Computer simulation of local order in condensed phases of silicon

PMID- 9938429
TI  - New vacancy-related defects in n-type silicon.

PMID- 9938430
TI  - Noise spectra of three-dimensional random metal-insulator composites.

PMID- 9938432
TI  - Electronic-structure changes for " pi -bonded" CO chemisorbed on Cr(110).

PMID- 9938431
TI  - Observation of film states and surface-state precursors for Ag films on Si(111).

PMID- 9938434
TI  - Velocity dependence of binding energies and lifetimes of image states at
      surfaces.

PMID- 9938433
TI  - Surface Friedel oscillations and photoemission from simple metals.

PMID- 9938435
TI  - Electron-electron scattering in dirty three-dimensional aluminum films.

PMID- 9938436
TI  - Bulk and surface spin-orbit relaxation of the conduction electrons separated by
      weak-localization experiments.

PMID- 9938437
TI  - Analytic approach to the equation of Esbjerg and No-slashrskov.

PMID- 9938438
TI  - Constant-initial-state spectroscopy of black phosphorus: Reexamination of
      resonant photoemission.

PMID- 9938439
TI  - Localization and scaling in the quantum Hall regime.

PMID- 9938440
TI  - Pressure-induced first-order transition in layered crystalline semiconductor GeSe
      to a metallic phase.

PMID- 9938441
TI  - Nitrogen-carbon radiative defect at 0.746 eV in silicon.

PMID- 9938443
TI  - Localized phonons in stage-disordered graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9938442
TI  - Absence of a Coulomb gap in a two-dimensional impurity band.

PMID- 9938444
TI  - Modeling a "tunneling" state in amorphous silicon dioxide.

PMID- 9938445
TI  - Vacancies in CsCl-type intermetallic compounds: Structural versus thermal.

PMID- 9938446
TI  - Bipolaron dynamics in nearly degenerate quasi-one-dimensional polymers.

PMID- 9938447
TI  - Observation of folded-zone acoustical phonons by Raman scattering in amorphous Si
      SiNx superlattices.

PMID- 9938448
TI  - Observation of the Nyquist phase-coherence time in thin Au-Pd wires.

PMID- 9938449
TI  - Observation of new set of anomalies in mass spectra of CsI cluster ions close to
      the ionization threshold.

PMID- 9938450
TI  - Raman study of phonons and intraband electronic excitations in antimony.

PMID- 9938452
TI  - Torsional-oscillation-induced spin-orbit coupling and ESR line broadening in
      tetramethyltetraselenafulvalenium salts

PMID- 9938451
TI  - Floating-gate technique applied to two-dimensional systems.

PMID- 9938453
TI  - Anisotropy of the electronic g factors for anomalous muonium in silicon and
      germanium.

PMID- 9938454
TI  - ESR studies of organic conductors with bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene
      (BEDT-TTF), (BEDT-TTF)2ClO4(C2H3Cl3)0.5, and (BEDT-TTF)3(ClO4)2, and their two
      dimensionality.

PMID- 9938455
TI  - Site-switched Tl0 atoms in Tl+-doped NaCl and KCl.

PMID- 9938456
TI  - Emission of thermal positrons from metal surfaces.

PMID- 9938458
TI  - Fermi superfluids at a rough surface.

PMID- 9938457
TI  - Possible existence of a Josephson effect in ferromagnets.

PMID- 9938459
TI  - Theory of superconductivity based on direct electron-phonon coupling. I.

PMID- 9938460
TI  - Theory of superconductivity based on direct electron-phonon coupling. II.

PMID- 9938461
TI  - Internal-magnetic-field distribution at the critical current of a type-II
      superconductor subjected to a parallel magnetic field.

PMID- 9938462
TI  - Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Au/Cr/Au(001) sandwiches:
      Theoretical total-energy studies.

PMID- 9938463
TI  - Electron tunneling into Nb3Sn, Nb3Ge, and Nb3Al.

PMID- 9938465
TI  - Plastic deformation, vacancy diffusion, and vacancy delocalization in bcc 3He.

PMID- 9938464
TI  - Inelastic polarized and unpolarized neutron scattering measurements on UBe13.

PMID- 9938466
TI  - Nonlinear wave propagation in periodic systems: The driven sine-Gordon chain.

PMID- 9938468
TI  - Real-space pairing in fermion systems.

PMID- 9938467
TI  - Superheating in He II and successive phase transitions in metastable states.

PMID- 9938470
TI  - Upper critical field and heat capacity in the reentrant superconducting system
      (Lu1-xErx)RuB2.

PMID- 9938469
TI  - Possible origin of the resistivity maximum in heavy-fermion systems.

PMID- 9938471
TI  - Polarized-neutron study of the paramagnetic scattering from CeCu2Si2.

PMID- 9938472
TI  - Evidence for an Anderson transition in granular Sn films.

PMID- 9938473
TI  - Magnetoconductance of thin-film superconductors near critical disorder.

PMID- 9938474
TI  - Theory for superconductivity in metallic multilayer compounds.

PMID- 9938475
TI  - Electronic structure of transition-metal impurities in copper.

PMID- 9938477
TI  - Soliton density in Rb2ZnBr4.

PMID- 9938476
TI  - Finite-size scaling study of the two-dimensional Blume-Capel model.

PMID- 9938478
TI  - Solitons in the one-dimensional Ising-like antiferromagnet CsCoBr3.

PMID- 9938479
TI  - Phase transitions in the Nb-D(H) system: Superlattice reflections near the alpha
      '- beta phase transition.

PMID- 9938480
TI  - Anisotropic Heisenberg interface between Ising bulk ferromagnets: A
      renormalization-group approach.

PMID- 9938481
TI  - Effects of substrate heterogeneity on adsorption isotherms near a two-dimensional
      gas-liquid critical point.

PMID- 9938482
TI  - Solitons in planar ferromagnets with biquadratic exchange.

PMID- 9938483
TI  - Surface ferromagnetism of Cr(001).

PMID- 9938484
TI  - Motion of damped sine-Gordon kinks in the presence of thermal fluctuations.

PMID- 9938485
TI  - Classification of continuous phase transitions and stable phases. I. Six
      dimensional order parameters.

PMID- 9938486
TI  - Effects of internal exchange fields on magnetization steps in diluted magnetic
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9938488
TI  - Linewidths in neutron scattering spectra of cerium Kondo compounds.

PMID- 9938487
TI  - Theory of the bound magnetic polaron in antiferromagnetic semiconductors.

PMID- 9938489
TI  - Interpolative solution for the periodic Anderson model of mixed-valence
      compounds.

PMID- 9938490
TI  - Slow equilibration in systems undergoing diffusion-controlled phase separation on
      a lattice.

PMID- 9938491
TI  - Phase diagrams for submonolayer films on weakly corrugated substrates.

PMID- 9938492
TI  - Valence fluctuations in ferromagnetic 4f systems.

PMID- 9938493
TI  - Gauge-symmetry breaking and phase transitions in strongly and weakly interacting
      Bose systems.

PMID- 9938494
TI  - Dielectric properties of dilute bcc antiferroelectric systems.

PMID- 9938495
TI  - Molecular-dynamics study of surface premelting effects.

PMID- 9938496
TI  - Evidence of a high-temperature dipole-glass phase in K2CrO4.

PMID- 9938497
TI  - Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the exchange interactions in a ferromagnetic
      spinel CdCr2Se4.

PMID- 9938498
TI  - Paramagnetic scattering from Fe(3.5 at. % Si): Neutron measurements up to the
      zone boundary.

PMID- 9938499
TI  - Finite-size study of the one-dimensional spin-(1/2) dimerized Heisenberg chain.

PMID- 9938500
TI  - Sine-Gordon kinks on a discrete lattice. I. Hamiltonian formalism.

PMID- 9938501
TI  - Sine-Gordon kinks on a discrete lattice. II. Static properties.

PMID- 9938502
TI  - Path-integral methods for treating quantal behavior in solids: Mean-field theory
      and the effects of fluctuations.

PMID- 9938503
TI  - Local magnetic field distributions. III. Disordered systems.

PMID- 9938504
TI  - Three-dimensional Anderson localization in nearly magnetic fermion systems.

PMID- 9938505
TI  - Crossover scaling in biased self-avoiding walks.

PMID- 9938506
TI  - Classical dynamics and quantum spectra for a nonintegrable three-spin system.

PMID- 9938507
TI  - Linear spin-wave theory of incommensurably modulated magnets.

PMID- 9938508
TI  - Analysis of extended series for bond percolation on the directed square lattice.

PMID- 9938510
TI  - Charge storage in spinless solitons in trans-(CH)x: In situ magnetic-resonance
      measurements during p-type electrochemical doping.

PMID- 9938509
TI  - Shear-induced superconductivity in beta -di

PMID- 9938511
TI  - Adequacy of lattice dynamics for high-temperature point-defect properties.

PMID- 9938512
TI  - Further study of the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in 4He films.

PMID- 9938513
TI  - Josephson junction coupled to an open transmission line: An application to the
      theory of macroscopic quantum tunneling.

PMID- 9938515
TI  - Growth kinetics of the random-field Ising model cooled to zero temperature.

PMID- 9938514
TI  - Quasiparticle interaction in a nearly localized Fermi liquid: Application to 3He
      and heavy-fermion systems.

PMID- 9938517
TI  - Elastic moduli near percolation in a two-dimensional random network of rigid and
      nonrigid bonds.

PMID- 9938516
TI  - Mass renormalization of sine-Gordon systems on a finite support.

PMID- 9938518
TI  - Direct determination of the conductivity exponent in directed percolation.

PMID- 9938519
TI  - Erratum: Axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising (ANNNI) and extended-ANNNI models in
      external fields

PMID- 9938520
TI  - Disorder and spin correlations in an amorphous ferromagnet.

PMID- 9938522
TI  - Phonon peaks in magnetic neutron spectra.

PMID- 9938521
TI  - Crossover from relaxational to resonant tunneling dynamics for random-site
      interacting dipoles in (K1-xNax)TaO3.

PMID- 9938524
TI  - Vanishing coefficient in the nonanalytic free energy in superfluid 3He-A.

PMID- 9938523
TI  - Thermally detected EPR studies of Cr3+ ions in GaP.

PMID- 9938525
TI  - Dynamic nuclear polarization of liquid 3He in powered charcoal.

PMID- 9938526
TI  - Reentrant temperature dependence of the critical current in small tunnel
      junctions.

PMID- 9938527
TI  - Carrier-concentration dependence of critical superconducting current induced by
      the proximity effect in silicon.

PMID- 9938528
TI  - Specific heat of the ambient-pressure organic superconductor beta -di

PMID- 9938529
TI  - Competition between organic superconductivity and a displacive structural
      modulation in the molecular stacks in bis(ethylenedithio) tetrathiafulvalene
      perrhenate, (BEDT-TTF)2ReO4.

PMID- 9938530
TI  - Dimensional crossover and commensurability effect in V/Ag superconducting
      multilayers.

PMID- 9938531
TI  - Superlattice ordering in digenite, Cu2-xS.

PMID- 9938533
TI  - Frenkel-Kontorova model with anharmonic interactions.

PMID- 9938532
TI  - Critical correlation susceptibility relation in random-field systems.

PMID- 9938534
TI  - Spin-anisotropic electron-electron interactions in one-dimensional metals.

PMID- 9938536
TI  - Level repulsion and the dielectric relaxation in quadrupolar glasses.

PMID- 9938535
TI  - Resonant frequency dependence of spin relaxation in concentrated metallic spin
      glasses.

PMID- 9938537
TI  - Exponents for 1/f noise, near a continuum percolation threshold.

PMID- 9938538
TI  - Theory of phase-transition kinetics in systems with continuous symmetry.

PMID- 9938539
TI  - Local properties, long-range order, and quantum ferroelectricity in KTa1-xNgxO3.

PMID- 9938540
TI  - Local modes in dilute metal-hydrogen alloys.

PMID- 9938541
TI  - Anomalous electric and magnetic properties of V2O3 in the metallic state.

PMID- 9938543
TI  - Two- and three-dimensional Kronig-Penney model with delta -function-potential
      wells of zero binding energy.

PMID- 9938542
TI  - Gap in the spin excitations and magnetization curve of the one-dimensional
      attractive Hubbard model.

PMID- 9938544
TI  - Nonlocal pseudopotential calculation of lattice-dynamical properties of cesium
      metal.

PMID- 9938545
TI  - One-body models for transport properties of valence fluctuators: Exact results.

PMID- 9938546
TI  - Generation of nonequilibrium electron and lattice temperatures in copper by
      picosecond laser pulses.

PMID- 9938547
TI  - Mean-square atomic displacement of alkali-metal atoms: A comparison of the
      lattice-dynamics and molecular-dynamics results.

PMID- 9938548
TI  - Average square atomic displacement: A comparison of the lattice-dynamics,
      molecular-dynamics, and Monte Carlo results.

PMID- 9938549
TI  - Complex dielectric response of metal-particle clusters.

PMID- 9938550
TI  - Calculations of the driving force of electromigration in hcp metals: Zn, Cd, Mg.

PMID- 9938551
TI  - Frequency-dependent hopping conductivity in a static electric field in a random
      one-dimensional lattice.

PMID- 9938552
TI  - Electronic and vibrational spectra of two-dimensional quasicrystals.

PMID- 9938553
TI  - Photoemission study of the development of the Ti/GaAs(110) interface.

PMID- 9938554
TI  - Small-atom approximation in forward- and back-scattering photoelectron
      spectroscopies.

PMID- 9938555
TI  - Spherical-wave effects in photoelectron diffraction.

PMID- 9938556
TI  - Soliton-breather approach to classical sine-Gordon thermodynamics.

PMID- 9938558
TI  - Final-state effects in x-ray photoemission spectra.

PMID- 9938557
TI  - Monte Carlo evaluation of trial wave functions for the fractional quantized Hall
      effect: Disk geometry.

PMID- 9938559
TI  - Spectroscopy of image-potential states with inverse photoemission.

PMID- 9938560
TI  - Chemisorption on disordered binary alloys.

PMID- 9938561
TI  - Two-dimensional valence-electronic structure of a monolayer of Ag on Cu(001).

PMID- 9938562
TI  - Surface states in the epitaxial growth of titanium on copper (111).

PMID- 9938563
TI  - Quenching and electron-irradiation effects in ordered beta -PdH(D)0.63 around the
      resistivity anomaly near 50 K.

PMID- 9938564
TI  - e-e scattering in the presence of strong magnetic fields: Effect of the Landau
      quantization.

PMID- 9938565
TI  - Enhanced intersubband absorption due to impurity particles inside the insulator
      region of a metal-insulator-semiconductor system.

PMID- 9938566
TI  - Soliton dynamics of nonlinear diatomic lattices.

PMID- 9938568
TI  - Self-energy of a moving charge in the presence of a metal surface.

PMID- 9938567
TI  - Alkali-metal-induced changes in the multielectron excitations of CO/Cu(100).

PMID- 9938569
TI  - Volumetric and structural contributions to the interatomic potentials and elastic
      moduli of cubic metals.

PMID- 9938570
TI  - Microscopic model for propagation of shock-induced detonations in energetic
      solids.

PMID- 9938571
TI  - Angle-resolved uv photoemission of Ce(001).

PMID- 9938572
TI  - Electronic density of states and the x-ray photoelectron spectra of the valence
      band of Cu-Pd alloys.

PMID- 9938573
TI  - Elastic behavior and vibrational anharmonicity of a bulk Pd40Ni40P20 metallic
      glass.

PMID- 9938574
TI  - Low-amplitude breather and envelope solitons in quasi-one-dimensional physical
      models.

PMID- 9938575
TI  - Convergent scheme for light scattering from an arbitrary deep metallic grating.

PMID- 9938576
TI  - Theory of the exciton molecule bound to an isoelectronic impurity in GaP.

PMID- 9938577
TI  - Electronic structure of the high-pressure modifications of CuCl, CuBr, and CuI.

PMID- 9938579
TI  - Bonding in semiconducting Ag6-cluster compounds:

PMID- 9938578
TI  - Thermoreflectance studies of transition-metal dichalcogenides between 1 and 9 eV.

PMID- 9938580
TI  - Valence-band electronic structure of silicon nitride studied with the use of soft
      x-ray emission.

PMID- 9938581
TI  - Low-frequency dielectric response of the charge-density wave in (TaSe4)2I.

PMID- 9938582
TI  - Low-frequency response of pinned charge-density-wave condensates.

PMID- 9938583
TI  - Application of a general self-consistency scheme in the linear combination of
      atomic orbitals formalism to the electronic and structural properties of Si and
      W.

PMID- 9938584
TI  - Statistics for electrons, solitons, and polarons in trans-polyacetylene and
      consequences for conductivity.

PMID- 9938585
TI  - Lattice dynamics of layered-structure compounds: PdTe2.

PMID- 9938586
TI  - Magneto-roton theory of collective excitations in the fractional quantum Hall
      effect.

PMID- 9938587
TI  - Localization and screening anomalies in two-dimensional systems.

PMID- 9938588
TI  - Dynamics of the creation of light-induced defects in amorphous silicon alloys.

PMID- 9938589
TI  - NMR Study of Si:As and Si:P near the metal-insulator transition.

PMID- 9938590
TI  - Optical absorption of a soliton lattice and applications to trans-polyacetylene.

PMID- 9938591
TI  - Binding energy of the electron-hole liquid in quantum wells.

PMID- 9938592
TI  - Electroreflectance study of the Burstein-Moss shift in indium phosphide.

PMID- 9938594
TI  - Electronic structure of Sb overlayers on GaAs(110).

PMID- 9938593
TI  - Nonlocal exchange and correlation in surface calculations: An application to
      GaAs(110).

PMID- 9938596
TI  - Charge transfer, polarization, and relaxation effects on the Auger line shapes of
      Si.

PMID- 9938595
TI  - Temperature dependence of the Si and Ge (111)2 x 1 surface-state optical
      absorption.

PMID- 9938597
TI  - Differences in optical properties of (111) and (100) CdTe/(Cd,Mn)Te
      superlattices.

PMID- 9938598
TI  - HgTe-CdTe superlattice subband dispersion.

PMID- 9938599
TI  - Exciton trapping in molecular crystals by phonon emission at impurity sites.

PMID- 9938601
TI  - Interruption of conjugations of polyacetylene chains.

PMID- 9938600
TI  - Inverse-photoemission study of unoccupied electronic states in Ge and Si: Bulk
      energy bands.

PMID- 9938602
TI  - Lithium insertion in the two crystallographic forms of the binary-phase Mo15Se19.

PMID- 9938603
TI  - Low-temperature diffusion and solubility of Ni in P-doped Czochralski-grown Si.

PMID- 9938604
TI  - High-frequency conductivity of type-II superlattices.

PMID- 9938605
TI  - Theory of the multicenter bond.

PMID- 9938606
TI  - Transparent conducting PbO2 films prepared by activated reactive evaporation.

PMID- 9938608
TI  - Divacancy binding enthalpy and contribution of divacancies to self-diffusion in
      Si.

PMID- 9938607
TI  - Quasiparticle spectrum and thermodynamics of phi solitons (discommensurations) in
      the charge-density-wave state.

PMID- 9938609
TI  - Local symmetry of nitrogen pairs in GaP.

PMID- 9938611
TI  - Fracton contribution to the temperature dependence of the homogeneous linewidth
      of the 5D0-7F0 transition in Eu3+-doped glasses.

PMID- 9938610
TI  - Model calculation of nitrogen properties in III-IV compounds.

PMID- 9938613
TI  - d-d transfer in transition-metal monoxides and dihalides.

PMID- 9938612
TI  - Pseudosurface wave structures in phonon imaging.

PMID- 9938614
TI  - Electron-beam-induced damage and structure of SbCl5-graphite intercalation
      compounds.

PMID- 9938615
TI  - Frequency shifts of vibrational and rotational states of dilute H2, D2, and HD
      impurities in solid Ar under pressure.

PMID- 9938616
TI  - Quasielastic light scattering in oxygen-ion conductors.

PMID- 9938618
TI  - Theory of nonlinear resonant absorption in dielectric glasses at low
      temperatures.

PMID- 9938617
TI  - Pseudopotential theoretical study of the alkali metals under arbitrary pressure:
      Density, bulk modulus, and shear moduli.

PMID- 9938619
TI  - Donor dependence of polarizability and electron wave-function volume for shallow
      states in semiconductors.

PMID- 9938621
TI  - Quantum contribution to Henry's law of adsorption.

PMID- 9938620
TI  - Weak-localization and Coulombic interaction effects in the low-temperature
      resistivity and magnetoresistivity of Y-Al metallic glasses.

PMID- 9938623
TI  - Anisotropy of Dingle temperatures in magnesium.

PMID- 9938622
TI  - Orthogonality catastrophe and the x-ray photoemission spectrum: Critical
      amplitude at finite temperatures.

PMID- 9938624
TI  - van der Waals interaction between a tungsten surface and iridium and tantalum
      atoms.

PMID- 9938625
TI  - "Superlattices" in quenched Al-Si-Mn quasicrystals.

PMID- 9938626
TI  - Quantum effects in the trajectories of sputtered ions.

PMID- 9938628
TI  - 1/f noise in a d-dimensional hopping model with static disorder.

PMID- 9938627
TI  - Convergence properties as a function of spatial dimensionality of gradient
      expansions for the ground-state energy of an inhomogeneous electron gas.

PMID- 9938629
TI  - Blue shift of the dipolar plasma resonance in small silver particles on an
      alumina surface.

PMID- 9938631
TI  - Interpretation of the "sagittal resonance" in the surface vibrational spectrum of
      some alkali halides.

PMID- 9938630
TI  - Ground-state properties of polytypes of silicon carbide.

PMID- 9938632
TI  - Activation volumes in lead halides and other solids.

PMID- 9938633
TI  - Jahn-Teller effect in the electronic Raman scattering of Co2+ in MgO.

PMID- 9938634
TI  - Comments on "Electronic structure of hydrogenated and unhydrogenated amorphous
      SiNx (0 <= x <= 1.6): A photoemission study"

PMID- 9938636
TI  - Statistical estimation of the number of minima in a function with a finite number
      of variables.

PMID- 9938635
TI  - Reply to "Comments on 'Electronic structure of hydrogentated and unhydrogentated
      amorphous SiNx (0 <= x <= 1.6): A photoemission study' "

PMID- 9938638
TI  - Thermal fluctuations of the order parameter in charge-density waves.

PMID- 9938637
TI  - Erratum: Empty electronic states at the (100), (110), and (111) surfaces of
      nickel, copper, and silver

PMID- 9938639
TI  - Phonon-fracton crossover and scaling of the sound velocity.

PMID- 9938641
TI  - Theoretical study of the surface energy and surface relaxation of the W(001)
      surface.

PMID- 9938640
TI  - Vibrational analysis of water adsorbed on Pd(100): Sensitivity of the isotope
      shifts of bending modes to the bonding site.

PMID- 9938642
TI  - Subsurface core-level shifts for an Au monolayer buried in Ag(111).

PMID- 9938643
TI  - Electronic-structure and magnetic-moment calculation for Y2Fe14B.

PMID- 9938644
TI  - Transport properties of substitutionally disordered alloys.

PMID- 9938645
TI  - Formation of icosahedral Al-Mn by ion implantation into oriented crystalline
      films.

PMID- 9938646
TI  - Geometric structure and surface vibrational resonances: The bcc Fe(111) surface.

PMID- 9938647
TI  - Shapiro-step spectrum and phase-velocity coherence in NbSe3 in a uniform
      temperature gradient.

PMID- 9938648
TI  - Raman scattering from (AlAs)m(GaAs)n ultrathin-layer superlattices.

PMID- 9938649
TI  - Identification of the arsenic vacancy defect in electron-irradiated GaAs.

PMID- 9938650
TI  - Resonant magnetotunneling in GaAlAs-GaAs-GaAlAs heterostructures.

PMID- 9938651
TI  - Raman scattering study of acoustical zone-center gaps in GaAs/AlAs superlattices.

PMID- 9938652
TI  - Structural reactions of Si{111} with cobalt and formation of cobalt disilicide.

PMID- 9938653
TI  - Excitation gap in the fractional quantum Hall effect: Finite layer thickness
      corrections.

PMID- 9938654
TI  - Absence of coherence effects of carrier energy and velocity in GaAs+-AlGaAs-GaAs-
      tunnel structures.

PMID- 9938656
TI  - Plasma resonance in the high-frequency conductivity of a superlattice.

PMID- 9938655
TI  - Magnetoconductance of pinched silicon accumulation layers.

PMID- 9938657
TI  - Conductance anomaly in a GaAs/Ga0.77Al0.23As heterojunction.

PMID- 9938658
TI  - Raman spectra of shallow acceptors in quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9938659
TI  - Magnetic polaron effects for excitons in narrow CdTe-(Cd,Mn)Te quantum wells.

PMID- 9938660
TI  - Substrate-dependent valency of Yb chemisorbed onto Si(111)7 x 7, Si(100)2 x 1,
      and a-Si surfaces.

PMID- 9938661
TI  - Observation of a pulse-duration memory effect in K0.30MoO3.

PMID- 9938662
TI  - Thermally induced abrupt collapse of a shallow donor state in a ferromagnetic
      semiconductor.

PMID- 9938663
TI  - Fractional statistics and the quantum Hall effect of two-dimensional fermion and
      boson systems.

PMID- 9938664
TI  - Thermoelectric properties of a two-dimensional electron gas exhibiting the
      quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9938666
TI  - Theoretical predictions for the surface states on Ge(111)2 x 1: The degree of
      antibonding surface-state filling and relative shifts of the two surface-state
      bands as functions of doping level.

PMID- 9938665
TI  - Direct observation of three-branch polariton dispersion in the A exciton of CdS
      by resonant Brillouin scattering.

PMID- 9938667
TI  - Band-structure determination of GaAs from hot-electron luminescence.

PMID- 9938668
TI  - Optically detected magnetic resonance of nonradiative recombination via the AsGa
      antisite in p-type GaAs.

PMID- 9938669
TI  - Prediction of a low-spin ground state in the GaAs:V2+ impurity system.

PMID- 9938671
TI  - New insight into the electronic structure of a As2Se3.

PMID- 9938670
TI  - Microwave Hall conductivity of the two-dimensional electron gas in GaAs-AlxGa1
      xAs.

PMID- 9938673
TI  - Scaling dielectric data on Rb1-x(NH4)xH2PO4 structural glasses and their
      deuterated isomorphs.

PMID- 9938672
TI  - Evidence for a wide continuum of polymorphs in a-SiO2.

PMID- 9938674
TI  - Multielectron configurations in the x-ray-absorption near-edge structure of NiO
      at the oxygen K threshold.

PMID- 9938675
TI  - Kinetic many-body model of recrystallization of pure and doped amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9938676
TI  - New analysis of lone-pair binding-energy shifts in photoemission from adsorbed
      molecules: CO and NH3 on Cu(100).

PMID- 9938677
TI  - Formation and decomposition of GexSil-x(100)(2 x 1):H and GexSil-x(100)(1 x ):2H.

PMID- 9938679
TI  - Paramagnetic neutron scattering from the Heisenberg ferromagnet EuO.

PMID- 9938678
TI  - Hyperfine studies of dangling bonds in amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9938680
TI  - Role of quantum coherence in series resistors.

PMID- 9938681
TI  - Electron transmission in the energy gap of thin films of argon, nitrogen, and n
      hexane.

PMID- 9938682
TI  - Measurement and calculation of the pressure dependence of the Mossbauer isomer
      shift of metallic 119Sn for the pressure range 0 <= P <= 310 kbar.

PMID- 9938684
TI  - Dynamical features of a hydrogen-lithium complex in MgO:Li studied by EPR.

PMID- 9938683
TI  - Positron motion in metals. III. Effects of positron interactions with electrons
      and phonons.

PMID- 9938685
TI  - Vacancy and labeled-particle hopping with interactions.

PMID- 9938687
TI  - Iron-ion-implantation effects in forsterite (Mg2SiO4) and annealing behavior.

PMID- 9938686
TI  - Double-quantum nutations in a two-level spin system.

PMID- 9938688
TI  - Calculation of the spin-orbit-coupling parameter of deep impurities in
      semiconductors in the complete neglect of differential overlap approximation.

PMID- 9938689
TI  - Perpendicular upper critical field of thick proximity-coupled multilayers.

PMID- 9938690
TI  - Localization and resonant transmission of third-sound waves on a random
      substrate.

PMID- 9938691
TI  - Evidence for large-scale structures in granular superconductors.

PMID- 9938692
TI  - Josephson-junction ladders and quantum fluctuations.

PMID- 9938694
TI  - Elastic and plastic behavior of a fluxoid lattice in the saturation region of the
      global pinning force in superconducting Nb-Ta.

PMID- 9938693
TI  - Superconductivity, crystal-field effects, and magnetic order in the (Sm1
      xYx)Rh4B4 mixed ternary system.

PMID- 9938696
TI  - Anderson localization and the theory of dirty superconductors. II.

PMID- 9938695
TI  - Quantum size effects in superfluid 3He films.

PMID- 9938697
TI  - Optimal three-body correlations and elementary diagrams in liquid 4He.

PMID- 9938699
TI  - Peak and history effects in two-dimensional collective flux pinning.

PMID- 9938700
TI  - Effect of a convex boundary on a rarefied classical or quantum gas: Flow past a
      stationary boundary and the effect of an oscillating boundary on the gas.

PMID- 9938698
TI  - Normal-state and superconducting properties of the heavy-fermion compound UBe13
      in magnetic fields.

PMID- 9938701
TI  - Yang-Lee edge for the two-dimensional Ising model.

PMID- 9938702
TI  - Derivation of exact results for the single-ion Kondo problem with the use of
      diagrammatic methods.

PMID- 9938703
TI  - Magnetic properties of FexCu100-x solid solutions.

PMID- 9938705
TI  - Critical behavior of disordered degenerate semiconductors. I. Models, symmetries,
      and formalism.

PMID- 9938704
TI  - Theory of bulk and surface magnons in Heisenberg ferromagnetic superlattices.

PMID- 9938706
TI  - Critical behavior of disordered degenerate semiconductors. II. Spectrum and
      transport properties in mean-field theory.

PMID- 9938707
TI  - Equation of state of solid 4He.

PMID- 9938709
TI  - n-vector model in the limit n-->0 and the statistics of linear polymer systems: A
      Ginzburg-Landau theory.

PMID- 9938708
TI  - Effective-medium theory of percolation on central-force elastic networks. III.
      The superelastic problem.

PMID- 9938710
TI  - Defect-mediated melting and new phases in three-dimensional systems with a single
      soft direction.

PMID- 9938711
TI  - Landau theory of wetting in systems with a two-component order parameter.

PMID- 9938712
TI  - Magnetic properties of superlattices formed from ferromagnetic and
      antiferromagnetic materials.

PMID- 9938713
TI  - Low-temperature structures of Xe on graphite in the one- to two-layer regime.

PMID- 9938714
TI  - Interfacial tension and correlation lengths for the three-state Potts model in
      two dimensions.

PMID- 9938715
TI  - Crossover from contact propagation to chemical propagation in first-passage
      percolation.

PMID- 9938717
TI  - Intrinsic anharmonicities in the BX4 2- orthorhombic sublattice.

PMID- 9938716
TI  - Effective properties of two-phase disordered composite Media. I. Simplification
      of bounds on the conductivity and bulk modulus of dispersions of impenetrable
      spheres.

PMID- 9938719
TI  - Phonons, electronic transitions, and magnetic susceptibility in CeyS4.

PMID- 9938718
TI  - Model for the hybridization effect in disordered systems.

PMID- 9938720
TI  - Transport properties and localized spin fluctuations in PtNi alloys.

PMID- 9938721
TI  - Reentrant melting on an imperfect surface.

PMID- 9938722
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility of semimagnetic semiconductors: The high-temperature
      regime and the role of superexchange.

PMID- 9938723
TI  - Vortices and strings: Phase transition in anisotropic planar-rotor systems.

PMID- 9938724
TI  - Non-Gaussian models for critical fluctuations.

PMID- 9938725
TI  - Magnetic excitations in EuxSr1-xS in high magnetic fields.

PMID- 9938727
TI  - Monte Carlo study of the domain kinetics of the Ising model with random coupling
      constants.

PMID- 9938726
TI  - Solid and liquid carbon monoxide studied with the use of constant-pressure
      molecular dynamics.

PMID- 9938728
TI  - Two-dimensional spin-flop transition in CoCl2-graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9938729
TI  - Static and dynamic critical behavior of extended-defect N-component systems in
      cubic anisotropic crystals.

PMID- 9938730
TI  - Fluctuation-induced first-order phase transition of extended-defect N-component
      systems in cubic anisotropic crystals.

PMID- 9938731
TI  - Internal-field distribution in spin-glasses with dipolar interactions.

PMID- 9938732
TI  - Very peculiar properties of kinks in a driven damped anisotropic spin chain.

PMID- 9938733
TI  - Influence of point defects on the lattice-site occupation of nonsoluble atoms
      implanted in vanadium.

PMID- 9938734
TI  - High-intensity transition in the low-energy part of the electron-energy-loss
      spectra of Yb and related metals.

PMID- 9938735
TI  - Reinterpretation of oxygen on Al samples by variable-energy positrons.

PMID- 9938736
TI  - Penetration depth of V3Si.

PMID- 9938737
TI  - Generalized nonlinear Langevin equation for a rotor.

PMID- 9938738
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility and low-lying crystal-field energies for CaF2:Ce3+

PMID- 9938740
TI  - Three-dimensional percolation with removed lines of sites.

PMID- 9938739
TI  - Comparative study of the discrete and the continuous Hubbard-Stratonovich
      transformation for a one-dimensional spinless fermion model.

PMID- 9938742
TI  - Effects of trilinear symmetry breaking on the Potts-model transition of
      uniaxially stressed SrTiO3.

PMID- 9938741
TI  - Magnetic properties of dipolar crystals with rhombohedral symmetry.

PMID- 9938743
TI  - Uniaxial-biaxial phase transition in lyotropic nematic solutions: Local
      biaxiality in the uniaxial phase.

PMID- 9938744
TI  - Hopping diffusion across interfaces.

PMID- 9938745
TI  - Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya anisotropy in reentrant alloys.

PMID- 9938747
TI  - Comments on the antiferromagnetic ordering of TbCo2Si2 and DyCo2Ge2.

PMID- 9938746
TI  - Observation of the volume discontinuity in the insulator-to-metal transition in
      CsI in x-ray diffraction experiments.

PMID- 9938749
TI  - Erratum: Slow orientational-motional correlation-time measurements for
      anisotropic NMR centers in polycrystalline-amorphous condensed matter

PMID- 9938748
TI  - Erratum: Polaronic behavior of electrons on a liquid-helium film

PMID- 9938750
TI  - Destruction of superconductivity in quench-condensed two-dimensional films.

PMID- 9938751
TI  - Unexpected observation in measurements of transport coefficients in 3He-4He
      mixtures near T lambda.

PMID- 9938752
TI  - Phenomenological trends for heavy Fermi liquids and narrow-band metals.

PMID- 9938753
TI  - Effect of 4He on the magnetic susceptibility of 3He adsorbed on sintered silver
      powder.

PMID- 9938754
TI  - Interaction of superconductivity and itinerant-electron magnetism: Critical
      fields of Ni/V superlattices.

PMID- 9938755
TI  - Optical diffraction on fractals.

PMID- 9938756
TI  - Critical behavior of Mott variable-range hopping in Si:As near the metal
      insulator transition.

PMID- 9938757
TI  - Magnetotransport near the metal-insulator transition in Cd0.6Mn0.4Se.

PMID- 9938758
TI  - Magnetic properties of Al-Si-Mn and Al-Mn quasicrystals and amorphous films.

PMID- 9938759
TI  - Dynamics of the two-dimensional axial third-nearest-neighbor Ising model:
      Entrainment and diffusivity.

PMID- 9938761
TI  - Ordering and relaxation in spin glasses.

PMID- 9938760
TI  - Isothermal reversal of the remanent magnetization in Cu75Mn25.

PMID- 9938762
TI  - Dynamic scaling and the field-dependent critical line in a fractal cluster model
      of spin glasses.

PMID- 9938763
TI  - Nuclear-spin relaxation near the metal-insulator transition.

PMID- 9938764
TI  - Magnetic excitations on two-dimensional percolating clusters.

PMID- 9938765
TI  - Magnon-fracton crossover of the spin-wave density of states in the diluted two
      dimensional ferromagnet.

PMID- 9938766
TI  - Method of determining parameters of lattice models.

PMID- 9938767
TI  - Critical behavior of the transverse susceptibility in a CuMn spin glass.

PMID- 9938769
TI  - Excluded-volume explanation of Archie's law.

PMID- 9938768
TI  - Magnetic structure of the heavy-fermion compound U2Zn17.

PMID- 9938770
TI  - Quantization of the Hall conductance from density quantization alone.

PMID- 9938771
TI  - Autoionization in bulk, multilayer, and monolayer Cr.

PMID- 9938772
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission study of the surface and bulk electronic structure
      of Mg(0001) and Mg(112-bar0).

PMID- 9938773
TI  - Structure and growth of crystalline superlattices: From monolayer to
      superlattice.

PMID- 9938774
TI  - Numerical comparison between the "channel model" and the "effective-electron
      model" descriptions of linear superexchange interactions in ionic solids.

PMID- 9938775
TI  - X-ray crystallographic studies of Pb monolayers on Cu(110) surfaces.

PMID- 9938776
TI  - Anomalously low

PMID- 9938777
TI  - Hydrodynamic-model calculation of second-harmonic generation at a metal surface.

PMID- 9938778
TI  - Surface acoustic waves in Ni/V superlattices.

PMID- 9938779
TI  - Comparative study of model potentials for the calculation of dielectric
      properties of small metal particles.

PMID- 9938780
TI  - Linearized augmented-plane-wave study of chemisorption of sulfur on Fe(001).

PMID- 9938781
TI  - Edge magnetoplasmons in a two-dimensional electron fluid confined to a half
      plane.

PMID- 9938782
TI  - Pairwise-additive models for atom-surface interaction potentials: An ab initio
      study of He-LiF.

PMID- 9938783
TI  - Thermoelectric power of Fe-Zr and Co-Zr metallic glasses.

PMID- 9938784
TI  - Unoccupied bulk, surface, and image states on Ni(001), Ni(111), and Ni(110).

PMID- 9938785
TI  - Observation of a size effect in laser-induced thermomagnetic potentials in
      bismuth thin films.

PMID- 9938787
TI  - Theory of second-harmonic generation by small metal spheres.

PMID- 9938786
TI  - Conduction-electron g-factor measurements in platinum.

PMID- 9938788
TI  - Theory of the perpendicular-field cyclotron-resonance anomaly in potassium.

PMID- 9938789
TI  - Channeling measurement of irradiation-induced lattice-site change of oxygen atoms
      in niobium at 10 and 293 K.

PMID- 9938790
TI  - Total-energy calculations of the structural properties of the group-V element
      arsenic.

PMID- 9938792
TI  - Percolation effects in the optical properties of Ni-MgO composites.

PMID- 9938791
TI  - Coupling of source and drain to a quantum Hall system.

PMID- 9938793
TI  - Itinerant antiferromagnetism in the nearly-heavy-fermion compound NpSn3.

PMID- 9938794
TI  - Magnetoplasma modes of the two-dimensional electron gas at nonintegral filling
      factors.

PMID- 9938795
TI  - Compositional dependence of the Raman frequencies and line shapes of Cd1-xZnxTe
      determined with films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9938796
TI  - Electronic structure of a self-interaction-corrected lithium cluster.

PMID- 9938797
TI  - Crystal truncation rods and surface roughness.

PMID- 9938799
TI  - Impurity effect, degeneracy, and topological invariant in the quantum Hall
      effect.

PMID- 9938798
TI  - Transport properties of an incommensurate system.

PMID- 9938800
TI  - Anomalous lattice dynamics of fcc lanthanum.

PMID- 9938802
TI  - Exchange and correlation energies in density-functional theory: Bounds from
      available data.

PMID- 9938801
TI  - Impact-collision ion-scattering spectroscopy of Cu(110) and Cu(110)-(2 x 1)-O
      using 5-keV 6Li+

PMID- 9938803
TI  - Light scattering from a dipole near a rough metallic surface.

PMID- 9938804
TI  - Ground-state properties of dilute magnetic alloys.

PMID- 9938805
TI  - Thermodynamic Green's-function theory of quantum magnetic field effects in the
      dynamic, nonlocal longitudinal dielectric-response properties of a bounded solid
      state plasma.

PMID- 9938806
TI  - Zener tunneling in quantum sine-Gordon systems.

PMID- 9938807
TI  - Ground-state energy of a polaron in n dimensions.

PMID- 9938808
TI  - Relaxation and nonradiative decay in disordered systems. II. Two-fracton
      inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9938809
TI  - Fully relativistic energy bands and cohesive energy of ReSi2.

PMID- 9938810
TI  - Carrier transport through grain boundaries in semiconductors.

PMID- 9938811
TI  - Screening effect on the Landau-level broadening for electrons in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs
      heterojunctions.

PMID- 9938812
TI  - Self-trapping in quasi-one-dimensional solids.

PMID- 9938813
TI  - Generalized Kohn-Sham theory for electronic excitations in realistic systems.

PMID- 9938814
TI  - Quantum Hall effect in In0.53Ga0.47As-InP heterojunctions with two populated
      electric subbands.

PMID- 9938815
TI  - Theory of deep electronic levels of large chalcogen (S, Se, and Te) complexes in
      Si.

PMID- 9938816
TI  - Effect of nonparabolicity on the binding energy of a hydrogenic donor in a
      quantum well with a magnetic field.

PMID- 9938817
TI  - Reexamination of the structure of a laser-stabilized Si{111}1 x 1 surface.

PMID- 9938819
TI  - Disorder and the fractional quantum Hall effect: Activation energies and the
      collapse of the gap.

PMID- 9938818
TI  - Collective excitations of fractional Hall states and Wigner crystallization in
      higher Landau levels.

PMID- 9938820
TI  - Hall conductivity and Lorentz force law for two-band semiconductors.

PMID- 9938821
TI  - Decay kinetics of persistent photoconductivity in semiconductors.

PMID- 9938822
TI  - Polarization-dependent C(K) near-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure of
      graphite.

PMID- 9938823
TI  - Nonlinear Landau absorption in III-V semiconductors near the fundamental
      absorption edge.

PMID- 9938824
TI  - Dependence of the direct and indirect gap of AlSb on hydrostatic pressure.

PMID- 9938825
TI  - Theory of impurity-doping effect on electronic states in a quasi-two-dimensional
      structure semiconductor.

PMID- 9938827
TI  - Absorption edge of Zn1-xMnxTe under hydrostatic pressure.

PMID- 9938826
TI  - Vibrational properties of the Si(100)2 x 1 surface.

PMID- 9938828
TI  - MeV ion damage in GaAs single crystals: Strain saturation and role of nuclear and
      electronic collisions in defect production.

PMID- 9938829
TI  - Bound polaron in GaAs-GaAlAs quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9938830
TI  - Structural models of the amorphous alloy Ge0.20As0.40Se0.40 by a random
      technique.

PMID- 9938831
TI  - Recombination and impact-ionization peculiarities in many-valley semiconductors.

PMID- 9938832
TI  - Surface structure of epitaxial CoSi2 crystals grown on Si(111).

PMID- 9938833
TI  - Anisotropy of the fundamental absorption edge of TlSbS2.

PMID- 9938834
TI  - Quantum-limit laser-cyclotron pumping of spin waves in the europium chalcogenides
      assisted by Landau electrons.

PMID- 9938835
TI  - Theory of the excitation and amplification of longitudinal-optical phonons in
      degenerate semiconductors under an intense laser field.

PMID- 9938836
TI  - Picosecond spectroscopy of excitons and biexcitons in ZnO at high density.

PMID- 9938837
TI  - Electronic structure of point defects on oxide surfaces.

PMID- 9938838
TI  - Optical nonlinearity, band-structure parameters, and refractive indices of some
      mixed chalcopyrite crystals.

PMID- 9938840
TI  - Low-temperature optical dephasing of rare-earth ions in inorganic glasses.

PMID- 9938839
TI  - Staging structures of the intercalation compounds AgxTiS2.

PMID- 9938841
TI  - Effects of pressure on the VK center in KCl.

PMID- 9938842
TI  - Low-temperature thermal expansion and specific heat of KCl containing Li
      tunneling states.

PMID- 9938843
TI  - Low-temperature thermal expansion and specific heat of KBr containing CN.

PMID- 9938845
TI  - Phonon focusing in tellurium dioxide.

PMID- 9938844
TI  - He-atom interaction with the (001) surfaces of LiF and NaCl.

PMID- 9938846
TI  - High-temperature light scattering and the glass transition in vitreous silica.

PMID- 9938848
TI  - Electronic Zeeman and Stark spectroscopy of BaClF:Sm2+ using photon-gated hole
      burning.

PMID- 9938847
TI  - Photoelectron spectra of polysilanes.

PMID- 9938849
TI  - Theory of microwave absorption in wide-band-gap insulators: The role of thermal
      phonon lifetimes.

PMID- 9938850
TI  - High-pressure phase transitions and the equations of state of BaS and BaO.

PMID- 9938851
TI  - Quadrupole interactions in graphite-hafnium chloride.

PMID- 9938852
TI  - Water on Si(111)7 x 7: An in situ study with electron-energy-loss and
      photoemission spectroscopies.

PMID- 9938853
TI  - Theory for self-trapped holes in rare-gas solids. I. Formalism and result for
      solid argon.

PMID- 9938854
TI  - Theory for self-trapped holes in rare-gas solids. II. Systematic change in the
      series of Ne to Xe and its physical origin.

PMID- 9938855
TI  - Comparison of x-ray absorption with x-ray photoemission of nickel dihalides and
      NiO.

PMID- 9938856
TI  - Calculation of rotational T2 relaxation in solid parahydrogen and orthodeuterium.

PMID- 9938857
TI  - Effects of the off-center position of the Li+ ion on the optical properties of
      the FA center in KCl.

PMID- 9938859
TI  - Electronic polarizability of small sodium clusters.

PMID- 9938858
TI  - Natural birefringence in alkali halide single crystals.

PMID- 9938861
TI  - Theory of the quantum size effect in simple metals.

PMID- 9938860
TI  - Localization properties of incommensurate disordered one-dimensional systems.

PMID- 9938862
TI  - Vibrational excitation in gas-surface collisions.

PMID- 9938863
TI  - Conductances of filled two-dimensional networks.

PMID- 9938864
TI  - Aharonov-Bohm effect in thin, normal-metal films containing small voids.

PMID- 9938866
TI  - High-resolution infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy with a continuously
      tunable infrared laser: CO on Ru(001).

PMID- 9938865
TI  - Liquid Ge: A strongly coupled liquid with negligible bridge contributions to the
      structure factor.

PMID- 9938867
TI  - Metallization and Schottky-barrier formation.

PMID- 9938869
TI  - Interlayer acoustic phonons in the layered compound TiS2.

PMID- 9938868
TI  - Addendum to "Thomas-Fermi dielectric screening of pseudocharges in
      semiconductors"

PMID- 9938870
TI  - DX center: Crossover of deep and shallow states in Si-doped AlxGa1-xAs.

PMID- 9938872
TI  - Molecular-dynamics simulation of NH4 + reorientations in NH4Cl.

PMID- 9938871
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission study of black phosphorus: Interlayer energy
      dispersion.

PMID- 9938873
TI  - Erratum: Model adsorption potentials for He and Ne on graphite

PMID- 9938874
TI  - Discontinuity of the exchange-correlation potential from a density-functional
      viewpoint.

PMID- 9938875
TI  - Surface phonon dispersion of platinum (111).

PMID- 9938876
TI  - Landau levels above the optical-phonon continuum in two and three dimensions.

PMID- 9938877
TI  - Evidence for bulk "narrow-band noise" in NbSe3: Thermal-gradient studies.

PMID- 9938878
TI  - Core-level and valence-band photoemission study of granular platinum films.

PMID- 9938879
TI  - Kinetics of staging transitions: A neutron diffraction study of pressure-quenched
      potassium-intercalated graphite.

PMID- 9938880
TI  - Electronic structure of the Bi(111) surface.

PMID- 9938882
TI  - Final-state mixing and charge neutralization by tunneling: A photoemission study
      of metal-rare-gas systems.

PMID- 9938881
TI  - Effects of dislocation scattering on the low-temperature thermal conductivity of
      pure Cu.

PMID- 9938883
TI  - Direct measure of surface impurity scattering by angle-resolved photoemission.

PMID- 9938885
TI  - Magnetotransport in the heavy-fermion compound U2Zn17.

PMID- 9938884
TI  - Impurity diffusion in icosahedral Al-Mn.

PMID- 9938886
TI  - Relativistic effects on the surface electronic structure of Cu(001): Observation
      of a spin-orbit-gap surface state.

PMID- 9938887
TI  - Correlation between ligand density of states and 5f delocalization in uranium
      intermetallic compounds.

PMID- 9938888
TI  - Photocurrent spectroscopy of GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum wells in an electric field.

PMID- 9938889
TI  - Hot-electron transport in GaAs-AlGaAs heterojunctions.

PMID- 9938890
TI  - Photoluminescence, absorption, and Raman spectra of a polydiacetylene monolayer.

PMID- 9938891
TI  - Well-size dependence of exciton blue shift in GaAs multiple-quantum-well
      structures.

PMID- 9938892
TI  - Magnetoresistance in a two-dimensional impurity band.

PMID- 9938893
TI  - Photocarrier dynamics in compensated hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9938894
TI  - Self-compensation and the absence of doping in amorphous GaAs.

PMID- 9938896
TI  - (2 x 2) reconstructions of the {111} polar surfaces of GaAs.

PMID- 9938895
TI  - X-ray standing-wave determination of surface structure: Au on Si(111).

PMID- 9938897
TI  - Modulated-reflectance spectroscopy of InP doping superlattices.

PMID- 9938899
TI  - Anisotropy of magnetic polarons bound to acceptors in Cd1-xMnxSe.

PMID- 9938898
TI  - Quasiparticle states and the fractional quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9938900
TI  - Strain-induced metal-insulator transition of the Ge(111) surface.

PMID- 9938902
TI  - Perturbative interpretation of the heterojunction band-offset problem.

PMID- 9938901
TI  - Electronic properties of an electron-attractive complex neutral defect in GaAs.

PMID- 9938903
TI  - Many-electron treatment of the off-center substitutional O in Si.

PMID- 9938904
TI  - Low-temperature homogeneous linewidths of Yb3+ in inorganic glasses.

PMID- 9938905
TI  - Conductivity and structure of thin oxide layers grown on a metal substrate:
      Scanning-tunneling microscopy in NiO on Ni(100).

PMID- 9938906
TI  - Structural significance of Raman spectra of OH- and F-doped vitreous silica.

PMID- 9938907
TI  - Anomalous electron-spin relaxation in amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9938908
TI  - Preliminary EPR study of a solid-solid critical point in CaCO3 near 200 degreesC
      and 1.5 GPa.

PMID- 9938909
TI  - Strain broadening of the dangling-bond resonance at the (111)Si-SiO2 interface.

PMID- 9938910
TI  - High-resolution angle-resolved positron reemission spectra from metal surfaces.

PMID- 9938911
TI  - Site-selective spectroscopy via energy up-conversion in CaF2:Pr3+

PMID- 9938912
TI  - Quasistationary state and its decay to equilibrium in the pulsed spin locking of
      a nuclear quadrupole resonance.

PMID- 9938913
TI  - 151Eu Mossbauer study of the EuxLa

PMID- 9938914
TI  - Theoretical analysis of NMR and neutron scattering data in cerium compounds.

PMID- 9938915
TI  - Bipolaronic superconductivity: Thermodynamics, magnetic properties, and
      possibility of existence in real substances.

PMID- 9938916
TI  - Spin waves and spin diffusion in Fermi liquids: Bounds on effective diffusion
      coefficients.

PMID- 9938917
TI  - Far-infrared properties and characterization of superconducting Nb3Ge.

PMID- 9938918
TI  - Scattering of helium atoms by liquid helium.

PMID- 9938919
TI  - Random-walk approach to the two-component random-conductor mixture: Perturbing
      away from the perfect random resistor network and random superconducting-network
      limits.

PMID- 9938920
TI  - New superconducting scanning phonon spectroscopy.

PMID- 9938921
TI  - Hartree and Jastrow approximations for monolayer solids of Ne, D2, H2, 4He, and
      3He.

PMID- 9938922
TI  - Elementary excitations in quantum Bose fluids: Application to liquid 4He.

PMID- 9938923
TI  - Dynamics of the intermediate state in nonequilibrium superconductors.

PMID- 9938924
TI  - Electromagnetic absorption for a superconductor with states in the gap.

PMID- 9938925
TI  - Theory of the upper critical field of superconducting superlattices.

PMID- 9938926
TI  - Criticality and superfluidity in a dilute Bose fluid.

PMID- 9938927
TI  - Hydrodynamic modes of superfluid helium adsorbed on Nuclepore.

PMID- 9938928
TI  - Superconductivity and magnetism of a body-centered tetragonal ErRh4B4 single
      crystal. I. Metamagnetism under the fourfold magnetic anisotropy.

PMID- 9938929
TI  - Superconductivity and magnetism of a body-centered tetragonal ErRh4B4 single
      crystal. II. Large anisotropy of Hc2.

PMID- 9938931
TI  - Vortex contribution to the specific heat in the two-dimensional XY model.

PMID- 9938930
TI  - Prediction of chaos in a Josephson junction by the Melnikov-function technique.

PMID- 9938932
TI  - Magnetization of Hg1-xMnxTe.

PMID- 9938934
TI  - Continuum percolation of permeable objects.

PMID- 9938933
TI  - Modified hyperscaling relation for phase transitions under random fields.

PMID- 9938935
TI  - New algorithm for high-temperature series: The planar rotator model.

PMID- 9938936
TI  - Effective discrete-time dynamics in Monte Carlo simulations.

PMID- 9938937
TI  - Electronic structure of ZnTe and CdTe under pressure.

PMID- 9938939
TI  - Kinetics of domain growth: The relevance of two-step quenches.

PMID- 9938938
TI  - Observation of isotropic critical spin fluctuations in Gd.

PMID- 9938940
TI  - Multilayer adsorption of oxygen on graphite near the triple point.

PMID- 9938941
TI  - Two-dimensional Ising model in an annealed random field: Exact results.

PMID- 9938943
TI  - Hysteresis of Neel-line motion and effective width of 180 degrees Bloch walls in
      bulk iron.

PMID- 9938942
TI  - Critical behavior of coupled XY models.

PMID- 9938944
TI  - Electronic-structure calculations of binary-alloy phase diagrams.

PMID- 9938945
TI  - Order parameter and critical exponent for the pressure-induced phase transitions
      in ReO3.

PMID- 9938946
TI  - Kondo state and pressure-induced ferromagnetism in CeZn.

PMID- 9938949
TI  - Conductivity in percolation networks with broad distributions of resistances.

PMID- 9938947
TI  - Saturation of Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction damping in high
      resistivity spin glasses.

PMID- 9938948
TI  - Properties of one-dimensional quasilattices.

PMID- 9938951
TI  - Solitary waves in elastic ferromagnets.

PMID- 9938950
TI  - Thermodynamics of field-induced spin-density-wave states in Bechgaard salts.

PMID- 9938953
TI  - Segregation and shape stability in small bimetallic particles.

PMID- 9938952
TI  - Transverse-wave model of the distorted phases of the TaTe4 and NbTe4 structures.

PMID- 9938954
TI  - Magnetism in the linear-chain antiferromagnet RbCoCl3

PMID- 9938955
TI  - Molecular-dynamic study of the molecular glass model for Rb1-x(ND4)xD2PO4.

PMID- 9938956
TI  - Low-temperature behavior of the S=(1/2) ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain.

PMID- 9938957
TI  - Proximity effects in magnetic interfaces.

PMID- 9938958
TI  - Thermodynamics of the metal-insulator transition: Discontinuous transitions in
      the paramagnetic phase.

PMID- 9938960
TI  - Thermodynamic properties of the two-dimensional quantum Heisenberg ferromagnet
      and the effects of bond dilution.

PMID- 9938959
TI  - Theory and experiment on the 1/f gamma noise in p-channel metal-oxide
      semiconductor field-effect transistors at low drain bias.

PMID- 9938961
TI  - Triangular-spin, kagome plane in jarosites.

PMID- 9938963
TI  - Fractal character of wave functions in one-dimensional incommensurate systems.

PMID- 9938962
TI  - Dynamical properties of long-wavelength interface fluctuations during nucleation
      dominated crystal growth.

PMID- 9938964
TI  - Kinetic growth of polyelectrolytes: Long-range true self-avoiding walks.

PMID- 9938965
TI  - Thermodynamic basis for dielectric relaxation in complex materials.

PMID- 9938966
TI  - Order of wetting transitions.

PMID- 9938967
TI  - Neutron scattering study of freezing in Rb1-x(ND4)xD2PO 4.

PMID- 9938968
TI  - Electronic structure of the strongly-exchange-enhanced paramagnet Ni3Ga.

PMID- 9938970
TI  - Percolation conductivity exponent t to second order in epsilon =6-d.

PMID- 9938969
TI  - Evidence for a magnetic contribution to the electrical resistivity in amorphous
      Fe80B20-xCx alloys.

PMID- 9938971
TI  - Phase transition to long-range ferromagnetism in Au82Fe18 and the associated
      critical exponents.

PMID- 9938973
TI  - Elastic and magnetic interactions in a narrow twofold-degenerate band.

PMID- 9938972
TI  - Experimental and theoretical investigations of the magnetic susceptibility and
      anisotropy of Na3Pr(C4H4O5)3

PMID- 9938974
TI  - Verification of the Aharonov-Bohm effect in superconductors by use of a toroidal
      flux geometry.

PMID- 9938975
TI  - Knight shift and spin-lattice relaxation for 63Cu and 31P in amorphous Ni-Cu-P
      alloys.

PMID- 9938976
TI  - Estimation of T1 for Co2+ ions from the temperature variation of the ESR
      linewidths for Mn2+ in Cs2Co(SeO4)2

PMID- 9938977
TI  - Theory of stimulated hyper-Raman scattering in noncentrosymmetric crystals.

PMID- 9938978
TI  - Vibrational energies from nuclear gamma resonant scattering: Measurement and
      comparison with neutron inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9938980
TI  - Correlation between the hyperfine-parameter distributions determined by 57Fe
      Mossbauer spectroscopy.

PMID- 9938979
TI  - Observation of new ESR signals in undoped, slowly deposited a-Si and a-Si:H.

PMID- 9938981
TI  - Ejection process in collisional sputtering.

PMID- 9938983
TI  - Cluster-method study of phase separation in 3He-4He mixtures.

PMID- 9938982
TI  - Experimental values of the gap exponents for the paramagnetic region.

PMID- 9938985
TI  - Fractal surface dimensionality and finite-size scaling at the superfluid
      transition of confined 4He.

PMID- 9938984
TI  - Superconductivity and electronic instability at high pressure in Sc5Co4Si10-type
      compounds.

PMID- 9938987
TI  - Magnetic properties of W-Fe alloys.

PMID- 9938986
TI  - Anomalous critical spin dynamics in Gd: A revision.

PMID- 9938988
TI  - Elusiveness of the prewetting transition.

PMID- 9938990
TI  - Evidence for depinning of a Wigner crystal in Hg-Cd-Te.

PMID- 9938989
TI  - Signs of magnetic surface anisotropy constants.

PMID- 9938991
TI  - Remanent magnetization of the infinite-range Ising spin glass.

PMID- 9938992
TI  - Validity of hyperscaling for the d=3 Ising model.

PMID- 9938994
TI  - Calculated equation of state of InAs.

PMID- 9938993
TI  - Dielectric breakdown in three dimensions: Results of numerical simulation.

PMID- 9938995
TI  - Monoclinic-amorphous-cubic phase transitions in tetracyanoethylene under high
      pressure.

PMID- 9938996
TI  - Comment on "Monte Carlo studies of the quantum XY model in two dimensions"

PMID- 9938997
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Monte Carlo studies of the quantum XY model in two
      dimensions' "

PMID- 9938999
TI  - Thermodynamic properties of the infinite-range Ashkin-Teller model.

PMID- 9938998
TI  - Comment on "Excitations in the one-dimensional anisotropic classical Heisenberg
      chain"

PMID- 9939000
TI  - Erratum: Thermal and nuclear hyperfine properties of Ho(OH)3

PMID- 9939001
TI  - Flux sensitivity of a piecewise normal and superconducting metal loop.

PMID- 9939002
TI  - Dynamic charge states of energetic He ions in silicon single crystals.

PMID- 9939003
TI  - Direct evidence of stress-induced site change of H in V observed by the
      channeling method.

PMID- 9939004
TI  - Surfaces of superfluid 3He-B.

PMID- 9939005
TI  - Experiments on intrinsic and thermally induced chaos in an rf-driven Josephson
      junction.

PMID- 9939006
TI  - Critical cutting force between flux vortices in a type-II superconductor.

PMID- 9939007
TI  - Theory of superconductivity in palladium-noble-metal hydrides.

PMID- 9939008
TI  - Hall effect in the heavy-fermion superconductor UPt3.

PMID- 9939009
TI  - Effect of quantum fluctuations on one-dimensional electron-phonon systems: The Su
      Schrieffer-Heeger model.

PMID- 9939011
TI  - Melting transitions of CF4 on graphite.

PMID- 9939012
TI  - Model for chaotic dynamics of the perpendicular-pumping spin-wave instability.

PMID- 9939010
TI  - Multilayer adsorption and wetting: Ethylene on graphite.

PMID- 9939014
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission study of the orientation and electronic interactions
      of romanCO+K/Ru(001) in the low-coverage regime.

PMID- 9939013
TI  - Confinement-deconfinement transitions in a model of interacting dislocations.

PMID- 9939016
TI  - Surface-polariton-like waves guided by thin, lossy metal films.

PMID- 9939015
TI  - Low-order anharmonic contributions to the internal energy of the one-component
      plasma.

PMID- 9939017
TI  - Fano core resonances and augmented continua of Zn adsorbed on and dissolved in
      alkali metals.

PMID- 9939018
TI  - Low-temperature specific heat of LixNbS2 intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9939019
TI  - Magnetoplasmons in a two-dimensional electron fluid: Disk geometry.

PMID- 9939020
TI  - Interpretation of electronic excitations in coordinated CO systems as observed by
      electron-energy-loss spectroscopy.

PMID- 9939022
TI  - Physical aspects of relaxation and shake-up effects in x-ray photoemission
      spectroscopy and core -->2 pi absorption spectra of CO chemisorbed on Ni(111).

PMID- 9939021
TI  - Hydrogenic image-potential states: A critical examination.

PMID- 9939023
TI  - Final-state effects in photoemission from filled, narrow bands in metals: A two
      level many-electron model.

PMID- 9939024
TI  - Invariant-imbedding approach to resistance fluctuations in disordered one
      dimensional conductors.

PMID- 9939025
TI  - Effects of electron correlation and geometrical structure on stability of metal
      clusters.

PMID- 9939027
TI  - Electronic properties of expanded cesium.

PMID- 9939026
TI  - High-resolution inverse-photoemission study of a clean and an oxidized Ag-Mn(111)
      random substitutional alloy.

PMID- 9939028
TI  - Multiple-scattering approach to the x-ray-absorption spectra of 3d transition
      metals.

PMID- 9939029
TI  - Surface dependence of the Cr(001) 3s photoemission line shape.

PMID- 9939030
TI  - Point defects in ordered metallic compounds. I. Electronic-structure calculation
      by the linear-muffin-tin-orbital method.

PMID- 9939032
TI  - Coherent orientation relationship between an icosahedral phase and a cubic alpha
      phase in melt-spun Al-Si-Mn.

PMID- 9939031
TI  - Point defects in ordered metallic compounds. II. Self-consistent studies of
      vacancies in FeAl.

PMID- 9939034
TI  - Structural transitions and metallization in compressed solid argon.

PMID- 9939033
TI  - Simple theory of atom-surface scattering.

PMID- 9939035
TI  - Reflectance of a rough insulating overlayer on a metal with a nonlocal optical
      response.

PMID- 9939037
TI  - Grain-size effects in the parallel-band absorption spectrum of aluminum.

PMID- 9939036
TI  - Off-shell self-energy effects and the dynamic structure factor of an electron
      liquid.

PMID- 9939039
TI  - Photoemission and high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy studies of CO
      chemisorption on thin Pd films on Au(111).

PMID- 9939038
TI  - Surface and soliton charge in insulating systems.

PMID- 9939040
TI  - Contributions of one- and two-phonon processes to the resistivity of
      tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane.

PMID- 9939042
TI  - Electronic structure of iridium silicides.

PMID- 9939041
TI  - Noble- and transition-metal clusters: The d bands of silver and palladium.

PMID- 9939044
TI  - Valence electronic structure of AuZn and AuMg alloys derived from a new way of
      analyzing Auger-parameter shifts.

PMID- 9939043
TI  - Theory of finite-temperature screening in a disordered two-dimensional electron
      gas.

PMID- 9939045
TI  - Neutron scattering in disordered alloys: Coherent and incoherent intensities.

PMID- 9939046
TI  - Structure of GeSsub2 glass: Spectroscopic evidence for broken chemical order.

PMID- 9939047
TI  - Quantitative model of reactive metal-semiconductor interface growth using high
      resolution photoemission results.

PMID- 9939048
TI  - Low-temperature divergence of the charge-density-wave viscosity in K0.30MoO3,
      (TaSe4)2I, and TaS3.

PMID- 9939049
TI  - Optical absorption in semiconducting quantum-well structures: Indirect interband
      transitions.

PMID- 9939050
TI  - Electron-phonon interactions and charge-density-wave formations in strong
      magnetic fields.

PMID- 9939051
TI  - Optical constants of GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs superlattices and multiple quantum wells.

PMID- 9939052
TI  - Resonant Raman scattering and interference effects of LO phonons at the E0+ Delta
      0 gap of InP.

PMID- 9939053
TI  - Functional integral approach to positionally disordered systems.

PMID- 9939054
TI  - Real-space inversion of the dielectric-response function of a superlattice.

PMID- 9939055
TI  - Time evolution of Bloch electrons in a homogeneous electric field.

PMID- 9939057
TI  - Luminescence linewidths of excitons in GaAs quantum wells below 150 K.

PMID- 9939056
TI  - Phonon-induced lifetime broadenings of electronic states and critical points in
      Si and Ge.

PMID- 9939058
TI  - Influence of thin SiO2 interlayers on chemical reaction and microstructure at the
      Ni/Si(111) interface.

PMID- 9939059
TI  - Electronic properties and chemistry of Ti/GaAs and Pd/GaAs interfaces.

PMID- 9939060
TI  - In-diffusion of Pt in Si from the PtSi/Si interface.

PMID- 9939061
TI  - Diffusion and relaxation of energy in disordered organic and inorganic materials.

PMID- 9939062
TI  - New surface states on the annealed Ge(111) surface.

PMID- 9939063
TI  - Selective resonance enhancement at indirect gaps in GaP and GaAs0.11P0.89.

PMID- 9939066
TI  - Angular dependence of the quantum oscillations in the diluted magnetic
      semiconductor Hg1-xFexSe.

PMID- 9939064
TI  - Improved assessment of structural properties of AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs heterostructures
      and superlattices by double-crystal x-ray diffraction.

PMID- 9939065
TI  - Analytic solution of the Boltzmann equation with applications to electron
      transport in inhomogeneous semiconductors.

PMID- 9939067
TI  - Effect of the polaron-induced nonparabolicity of the energy-momentum relation on
      the dynamics of transport electrons.

PMID- 9939068
TI  - Monte Carlo study of electronic transport in Al1-xGaxAs/GaAs single-well
      heterostructures.

PMID- 9939070
TI  - Subspace Hamiltonian technique.

PMID- 9939069
TI  - Electronic subbands of a delta doping layer in GaAs in a parallel magnetic field.

PMID- 9939071
TI  - Transverse magnetoconductivity of quasi-two-dimensional semiconductor layers in
      the presence of phonon scattering.

PMID- 9939073
TI  - Nature of the state of stress produced by xenon and some alkali iodides when used
      as pressure media.

PMID- 9939072
TI  - Hot-electron luminescence and polarization in GaAs1-xPx alloys.

PMID- 9939075
TI  - Electron-energy-loss near-edge structure of Be2C.

PMID- 9939074
TI  - Specific-heat study of the phonon-fracton crossover in glassy ionic conductors.

PMID- 9939076
TI  - Effective masses and surface-corrugation energies of bound-state levels in atom
      surface scattering.

PMID- 9939077
TI  - Relative Raman scattering cross sections for chemisorbed and physisorbed pyridine
      molecules adsorbed on surface-enhanced Raman-scattering-active Ag films in
      ultrahigh vacuum: Local-field effects in the low-coverage regime.

PMID- 9939078
TI  - Coexistence of biholes and electron-bihole complexes in the photoemission final
      state in cuprous halides.

PMID- 9939079
TI  - Defect-mediated hydrogen-bond instability of poly(dG)-poly(dC).

PMID- 9939081
TI  - Mobility of cations in magnesium aluminate spinel.

PMID- 9939080
TI  - Characterization of insulators by high-resolution electron-energy-loss
      spectroscopy: Application of a surface-potential stabilization technique.

PMID- 9939082
TI  - Persistent spectral hole burning for R' color centers in LiF crystals: Statics,
      dynamics, and external-field effects.

PMID- 9939083
TI  - Orientation of nitrate molecules in graphite-HNO3 residue compounds.

PMID- 9939084
TI  - Relative Raman intensities of the folded modes in SiC polytypes.

PMID- 9939085
TI  - Resistive anomalies and phase transitions in potassium-intercalated benzene
      derived graphite fibers.

PMID- 9939087
TI  - Energy dependence of the mean free path of excess hot electrons in solid xenon in
      the elastic scattering region.

PMID- 9939086
TI  - Laser-induced metal cluster growth and segregation in granular metal-insulator
      systems.

PMID- 9939088
TI  - Optical reflectivity and electronic structure of layered cadmium halides.

PMID- 9939089
TI  - Structural properties of potassium-ammonia liquids in graphite.

PMID- 9939090
TI  - Unoccupied electronic states of graphite as probed by inverse-photoemission and
      tunneling spectroscopy.

PMID- 9939092
TI  - Brillouin-scattering investigation of the mixed system KBr1-x(CN)x.

PMID- 9939091
TI  - He-Si(100) potential: Charge superposition and model structures.

PMID- 9939093
TI  - Mechanism of nonresonant energy transfer between ions in SrF2:Er3+

PMID- 9939095
TI  - Surface resonance states of physisorbed molecules.

PMID- 9939094
TI  - Acoustical activity in the framework of the rotation-gradient theory of
      elasticity.

PMID- 9939096
TI  - Calculation of three-body dispersive energies: Extrapolation method and
      application to crystals of isotropic and anisotropic bodies.

PMID- 9939098
TI  - Calculation of the mobility of electrons injected in liquid argon.

PMID- 9939097
TI  - Transition dipole-dipole coupling between the NO stretching vibrations of
      nitroprusside ions in Sr

PMID- 9939099
TI  - Formation of concentric rings on the flaked surface of Mylar due to 250-keV H+
      ion implantation.

PMID- 9939100
TI  - Multiple steady states on an adsorbent surface.

PMID- 9939101
TI  - Model-potential approach to the lattice dynamics of barium.

PMID- 9939102
TI  - Sample length and frequency dependence of the voltage-oscillation amplitude in
      NbSe3.

PMID- 9939103
TI  - Effect of an oxide coating on the infrared and visible absorption of small silver
      particles.

PMID- 9939104
TI  - Anomalous scattering effects on the invariant phases in near-absorption-edge
      multiple diffraction of x rays.

PMID- 9939105
TI  - Superlattice with multiple layers per period.

PMID- 9939106
TI  - Magnetotransport properties and subband structure of the two-dimensional hole gas
      in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs heterostructures.

PMID- 9939107
TI  - Dielectric hysteresis and relaxation in the charge-density-wave compound
      K0.3MoO3.

PMID- 9939108
TI  - Weak-field g factor of the two-dimensional electron gas at the (In,Ga)As/InP
      interface.

PMID- 9939109
TI  - Structural map for the crystals with an average of five valence electrons per
      atom.

PMID- 9939110
TI  - Shallow donors in multiple-well GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs heterostructures.

PMID- 9939111
TI  - Shallow donors in multiple-well GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs heterostructures.

PMID- 9939112
TI  - Photoelastic coefficients and deformation-potential constants of ZnSe crystals.

PMID- 9939113
TI  - New vibrational modes in the far-infrared spectra of germanium diselenide.

PMID- 9939114
TI  - Antisite-related defects in plastically deformed GaAs.

PMID- 9939115
TI  - Temperature-induced commensurate-incommensurate transition of submonolayer
      krypton on graphite.

PMID- 9939116
TI  - Adsorption kinetics and thermal desorption measurements for oxygen layers on
      graphite.

PMID- 9939118
TI  - Effective elastic constants of superlattices of any symmetry.

PMID- 9939117
TI  - Vibronic properties of manganese in calcium fluoride.

PMID- 9939120
TI  - High-pressure study of photoluminescence in indium phosphide at low temperature.

PMID- 9939119
TI  - Two-level-system spectrum and extrinsic disorder.

PMID- 9939121
TI  - Elastic and electromechanical behavior of Cd1-xMnxTe.

PMID- 9939122
TI  - Positronium at surfaces.

PMID- 9939123
TI  - Low-temperature phonon-limited electron mobility in modulation-doped
      heterostructures.

PMID- 9939124
TI  - Unrenormalized ultrasound attenuation in the heavy-fermion state.

PMID- 9939125
TI  - Local bonding geometry of O(2 x 1) on Ni(110): A surface extended x-ray
      absorption fine-structure study.

PMID- 9939126
TI  - Multiple-scattering theory for clusters of nonoverlapping potentials of arbitrary
      shape.

PMID- 9939128
TI  - Electronic structure and sign reversal of the Hall coefficient in amorphous CuZr
      alloys.

PMID- 9939127
TI  - Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of obliquely evaporated Ag films.

PMID- 9939129
TI  - Positron-annihilation study of voids in a-Si and a-Si:H.

PMID- 9939130
TI  - Folded acoustic phonons in Si-SixGe1-x superlattices.

PMID- 9939131
TI  - High-resolution photoluminescence and reflection studies of GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs multi
      quantum-well structures grown by molecular-beam epitaxy: Determination of
      microscopic structural quality of interfaces.

PMID- 9939132
TI  - Magnetic-field-induced metal-nonmetal transition in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs
      heterostructures.

PMID- 9939133
TI  - Comparative study of the effect of an electric field on the photocurrent and
      photoluminescence of GaAs-GaAlAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9939135
TI  - Observation of strongly wave-vector-dependent Raman scattering by LO phonons in
      GaAs near the E0 band gap.

PMID- 9939134
TI  - Electronic Raman scattering of the negative charge state of the 78-meV double
      acceptor in GaAs.

PMID- 9939136
TI  - Anomalous Ce-valence-state disparity between crystalline and amorphous transition
      metal compounds.

PMID- 9939137
TI  - Carrier confinement and special crystallite dimensions in layered semiconductor
      colloids.

PMID- 9939138
TI  - Vibronic polymers: A novel chemical species.

PMID- 9939139
TI  - Phonon effects on the transport properties in the fractionally quantized Hall
      regime.

PMID- 9939140
TI  - Tunneling dynamics of photogenerated carriers in semiconduc- tor superlattices.

PMID- 9939141
TI  - Pressure effect on the luminescence from the deep level in gallium arsenide.

PMID- 9939142
TI  - Ab initio calculation of the low-frequency Raman cross section in silicon.

PMID- 9939143
TI  - Fundamental absorption edge of PbF2 and Cd1-xPbx

PMID- 9939144
TI  - Finite-band continuum model of polyacetylene.

PMID- 9939145
TI  - Determination of the quantum density matrix from experiment: An application to
      positron annihilation.

PMID- 9939146
TI  - Transport of magnetization in inhomogeneously broadened spin systems.

PMID- 9939147
TI  - 83Kr in solid krypton. I. Defects and diffusion.

PMID- 9939149
TI  - Electric field gradient at 57Fe in scandium and systematics of the electric field
      gradient at impurities in transition-metal hosts.

PMID- 9939148
TI  - 83Kr in solid krypton. II. Rotating-frame relaxation and spectral diffusion.

PMID- 9939150
TI  - Rainbow effect in ion channeling.

PMID- 9939151
TI  - Rainbow effect in axial ion channeling.

PMID- 9939152
TI  - Spin-wave spectra of insulating films: Comparison of exact calculations and a
      single-wave-vector model.

PMID- 9939153
TI  - Impurity resonances in LiY1-xRxF

PMID- 9939154
TI  - Microscopic calculations of the excitation spectrum of one 3He impurity in liquid
      4He.

PMID- 9939155
TI  - Response functions and collective modes of superfluid 3He-B in strong magnetic
      fields.

PMID- 9939156
TI  - Flux periodicity in superconducting rings: Comparison to loops with Josephson
      junctions.

PMID- 9939157
TI  - Critical and tricritical microscopic exponents of a Fermi-Bose mixture.

PMID- 9939158
TI  - Superfluid transition of 4He films adsorbed in porous materials.

PMID- 9939159
TI  - Strong-coupling theory of the upper critical magnetic field Hc2.

PMID- 9939160
TI  - Origin of the anisotropic upper critical fields in single crystals of
      superconducting rare-earth ternary borides.

PMID- 9939161
TI  - Maximum 2 Delta 0/kBTc for electron-phonon superconductors.

PMID- 9939162
TI  - Strong-coupling corrections to Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer ratios.

PMID- 9939163
TI  - Theory of coexistence between itinerant-electron antiferromagnetism and
      superconductivity.

PMID- 9939164
TI  - Simple model for etching.

PMID- 9939165
TI  - Enhancement of the spin susceptibility in disordered interacting electrons and
      the metal-insulator transition.

PMID- 9939166
TI  - Structural stability of phases of black phosphorus.

PMID- 9939168
TI  - Hyperscaling, dimensional reduction, and the random-field Ising model.

PMID- 9939167
TI  - Free energy of a macromolecule in a confined domain.

PMID- 9939169
TI  - Renormalization-group classification of continuous structural phase transitions
      induced by six-component order parameters.

PMID- 9939170
TI  - Classification of continuous phase transitions and stable phases. II. Four
      dimensional order parameters.

PMID- 9939171
TI  - Static universality class implied by the critical exponents of Gd.

PMID- 9939172
TI  - Antiferromagnetic resonance in tetramethyltetrathiafulvalene (TMTTF) salts.

PMID- 9939173
TI  - Local-anisotropy and spin-nature effects in ferrimagnetic Ising chains: New
      compensation phenomena.

PMID- 9939174
TI  - Crystal structure and magnetic properties of piperazinium hexadichlorocuprate: A
      new S=(1/2) antiferromagnetic chain with alternating exchange.

PMID- 9939176
TI  - New results on Trotter-like approximations.

PMID- 9939175
TI  - Influence of a frozen defect density wave on an incommensurate modulation.

PMID- 9939177
TI  - Dynamics of branched domain structures.

PMID- 9939178
TI  - Biquadratic exchange from susceptibility data in classical one-dimensional
      Heisenberg systems.

PMID- 9939179
TI  - Anisotropic surface free energy and the roughening transition of the diffuse
      crystal-liquid interface.

PMID- 9939180
TI  - Lattice model for elastic ferroelectric crystals: Microscopic approach.

PMID- 9939181
TI  - Lattice model for elastic ferroelectric crystals: Continuum approximation.

PMID- 9939182
TI  - Critical behavior in the Ising antiferromagnet MnTe2.

PMID- 9939183
TI  - Critical ultrasonic behavior near the normal-incommensurate phase transition in
      NaNO2.

PMID- 9939184
TI  - Intrinsic domain-wall pinning and spatial chaos in continuum models of one
      dimensionally incommensurate systems.

PMID- 9939185
TI  - Thermodynamic properties of a three-dimensional defect system.

PMID- 9939186
TI  - Magnetic structure of beta -oxygen.

PMID- 9939187
TI  - Linear transverse susceptibility of Ising systems.

PMID- 9939188
TI  - Mean-field treatment of arbitrary anisotropic ferromagnetic spin Hamiltonians.

PMID- 9939189
TI  - Fractal sandstone pores: Automated measurements using scanning-electron
      microscope images.

PMID- 9939191
TI  - Pressure-induced electronic and structural phase transitions in solid hydrogen.

PMID- 9939190
TI  - Magnetic order in a dimerized singlet-triplet system: A neutron scattering study
      of Cs3Cr2I9.

PMID- 9939192
TI  - Spin freezing below the nearest-neighbor percolation concentration in Cd1-xMnxTe
      and Cd1-xMnxSe.

PMID- 9939193
TI  - Viscous relaxation in metallic glasses.

PMID- 9939194
TI  - Local environment of Li intercalated in Mo6SezS8-z as probed using
      electrochemical methods.

PMID- 9939195
TI  - Finite-size effects in the spherical model of ferromagnetism: Zero-field
      susceptibility under antiperiodic boundary conditions.

PMID- 9939196
TI  - Critical exponents, amplitudes, and correction to scaling in nickel measured by
      neutron depolarization.

PMID- 9939197
TI  - Effective properties of two-phase disordered composite media: II. Evaluation of
      bounds on the conductivity and bulk modulus of dispersions of impenetrable
      spheres.

PMID- 9939198
TI  - Ferroelectric microregions and Raman scattering in KTaO3.

PMID- 9939199
TI  - Neutron-diffraction study on the kinetics of the atomic order in Ni3Mn.

PMID- 9939201
TI  - Low-temperature phases of an Ising model on the hcp lattice with competing
      interactions.

PMID- 9939200
TI  - Percolation at the surface of semi-infinite two-dimensional lattices.

PMID- 9939202
TI  - Ising model on a quasiperiodic chain.

PMID- 9939203
TI  - Low-temperature martensitic phase transition of bcc lithium.

PMID- 9939204
TI  - Magnetic ordering in the randomly mixed quadratic-layer antiferromagnet with
      competing anisotropies K2CoxFe1-xF4.

PMID- 9939205
TI  - Integrability of a general model for intermediate valence.

PMID- 9939206
TI  - Measurement of acoustic phonons in UBe13.

PMID- 9939207
TI  - Stress effects on the ESR spectra of rare earths in polycrystalline thin films.

PMID- 9939208
TI  - Hydrogen-silicon nuclear spin correlations in alpha -Si:H: A two-dimensional NMR
      study.

PMID- 9939209
TI  - Zener tunneling and dissipation in small loops.

PMID- 9939210
TI  - Surface critical behavior near the Lifshitz point of a semi-infinite system.

PMID- 9939211
TI  - Extended universality and the question of spin on hierarchical lattices.

PMID- 9939212
TI  - Ground state of antiferromagnetic Heisenberg rings studied by the projector
      method.

PMID- 9939213
TI  - Polarized neutron scattering from CeCu2Si2 in applied magnetic fields.

PMID- 9939214
TI  - Low-temperature specific heat of the diluted magnetic semiconductors M1-x(IIb

PMID- 9939215
TI  - Truncation errors in the Monte Carlo renormalization group: A comparative study.

PMID- 9939216
TI  - Dipole-dipole interactions and two-dimensional magnetism.

PMID- 9939218
TI  - Kinetics of ordering in the order-disorder phase transition of AlCl3-intercalated
      graphite studied using ESR.

PMID- 9939217
TI  - Erratum: Determination of multicritical points for lattice-gas models by finite
      size scaling of the susceptibility

PMID- 9939219
TI  - Anisotropic electrical resistivity of the magnetic heavy-fermion superconductor
      URu2Si2.

PMID- 9939220
TI  - Spin-glass response near the glass temperature.

PMID- 9939221
TI  - Quenched disorder in Josephson-junction arrays in a transverse magnetic field.

PMID- 9939222
TI  - Effect of adsorbate binding sites on surface-reconstruction phase diagrams:
      O/W(001) and H/W(001).

PMID- 9939223
TI  - Anderson localization and breakdown of hydrodynamics in random ferromagnets.

PMID- 9939224
TI  - Finite-length calculations of eta and phase diagrams of quantum spin chains.

PMID- 9939225
TI  - Quantum versus classical polarizability in one-dimensional percolation models.

PMID- 9939226
TI  - Anisotropic magnetoresistance in a Fermi glass.

PMID- 9939227
TI  - Photon-gated spectral hole burning in LiGa5O8:Co2+

PMID- 9939228
TI  - Lattice-location studies of cerium ions implanted into vanadium single crystals.

PMID- 9939229
TI  - Electronic structure and x-ray-absorption spectra of wustite Fe1-xO.

PMID- 9939230
TI  - NMR study of the metal-insulator transition in the compensated sodium-tungsten
      bronze, NaxTayW1-yO3.

PMID- 9939231
TI  - Lattice and electronic contributions to the quadrupole interaction of trivalent
      europium.

PMID- 9939232
TI  - Theory of charge exchange in the scattering of molecular ions from simple metals.

PMID- 9939233
TI  - Resonant transition rates for charge transfer between diatomic molecular ions and
      simple metals.

PMID- 9939234
TI  - Electron-spin-resonance-transient spectroscopy.

PMID- 9939235
TI  - Annealing of metastable defects in hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9939237
TI  - H and H2 NMR properties in amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H).

PMID- 9939236
TI  - Energy and Z2 dependences of energy straggling for fast proton beams passing
      through solids.

PMID- 9939238
TI  - Quadrupole coupling and crystal-field shielding in CaF2:Eu3+:O2- under
      hydrostatic pressure.

PMID- 9939240
TI  - Diffusion of iron in copper studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy on single crystals.

PMID- 9939239
TI  - Erosion of solid neon by keV electrons.

PMID- 9939241
TI  - Conduction-electron-spin resonance in organic conductors: alpha and beta phases
      of di

PMID- 9939242
TI  - Two-photon excitation of the 4f5d band of Pr3+ and interconfigurational energy
      transfer in LaF3:(Pr3+,Gd3+).

PMID- 9939243
TI  - Symmetry and stationary points of a free energy: The case of superfluid 3He.

PMID- 9939244
TI  - Anion ordering and superconducting and spin-density-wave transition temperatures
      in Bechgaard salts.

PMID- 9939245
TI  - Superconducting fluctuations, weak localization, and electron interactions in
      three-dimensional Nb:Si.

PMID- 9939247
TI  - Lattice dynamics and phonon line shapes of Pd0.9Ag0.1D0.61 at 100 K.

PMID- 9939246
TI  - Effect of an arbitrary dissipative circuit on the quantum energy levels and
      tunneling of a Josephson junction.

PMID- 9939248
TI  - Magnetic properties of La(FexAl1-x)13 determined via neutron scattering and
      Mossbauer spectroscopy.

PMID- 9939249
TI  - Vibrational structure of Hg

PMID- 9939250
TI  - Phase transitions in high-pressure 4He: A study using molecular-dynamics and
      Monte Carlo methods.

PMID- 9939251
TI  - New method for studying disordered quantum systems.

PMID- 9939252
TI  - Coexistence of superconductivity and long-range magnetic order in ErPd2Sn.

PMID- 9939253
TI  - Nonequilibrium dynamics of quasiparticles in superconductors.

PMID- 9939254
TI  - Electron tunneling in tantalum surface layers on niobium.

PMID- 9939255
TI  - Third-sound propagation in 4He films adsorbed on silicon.

PMID- 9939256
TI  - Tunneling effects on the escape of particles from an extremely underdamped
      potential well.

PMID- 9939258
TI  - Phase diagrams of cubic systems under uniaxial quadratic symmetry-breaking
      fields.

PMID- 9939257
TI  - Binding-potential modeling of the structural instability in PrAg1-xCux.

PMID- 9939259
TI  - Depolarization of rotating spins by random walks on lattices.

PMID- 9939260
TI  - Behavior of optic phonons in the commensurate and incommensurate phases of
      potassium selenate.

PMID- 9939261
TI  - Critical behavior of the two-dimensional XY model: A Monte Carlo simulation.

PMID- 9939263
TI  - Nonlinear excitations in the classical one-dimensional antiferromagnet.

PMID- 9939262
TI  - Gauge-invariant spin glasses.

PMID- 9939264
TI  - Observation of striped phases in adsorbed helium monolayers.

PMID- 9939265
TI  - Phase diagram of the three-state chiral clock model studied by Monte Carlo
      renormalization-group calculations.

PMID- 9939266
TI  - Finite-size interaction amplitudes and their universality: Exact, mean-field, and
      renormalization-group results.

PMID- 9939267
TI  - Anomalous diffusion on and elastic vibrations of two square hierarchical
      lattices.

PMID- 9939268
TI  - Critical behavior of Ising models with static site dilution.

PMID- 9939270
TI  - Germanium at high pressures.

PMID- 9939269
TI  - Role of fluctuations in random compressible systems at marginal dimensionality.

PMID- 9939271
TI  - Total-energy local-density studies of the alpha - gamma phase transition in Ce.

PMID- 9939272
TI  - Magnetic properties of transition-metal atoms and thin layers deposited on
      nonmagnetic metals.

PMID- 9939273
TI  - Scaling behavior of the magnetization of insulating Si:P.

PMID- 9939275
TI  - Effect of topological frustration on the freezing temperature.

PMID- 9939274
TI  - Quasicrystalline structure in two dimensions: Structural and physical properties.

PMID- 9939276
TI  - Low-frequency dielectric response in cubic KNbO3 studied by hyper-Raman
      scattering.

PMID- 9939277
TI  - Anomalies of hypersound velocity and attenuation in ferroelectric tris-sarcosine
      calcium chloride (TSCC) for small-angle and right-angle Brillouin scattering and
      Brillouin backscattering.

PMID- 9939278
TI  - Magnetoresistivity and Monte Carlo studies of magnetic phase transitions in C6Eu.

PMID- 9939279
TI  - Electron localization in two-dimensional percolating gold films.

PMID- 9939280
TI  - Slow electrons in condensed matter.

PMID- 9939281
TI  - Transmitted positron reemission from a thin single-crystal Ni(100) foil.

PMID- 9939283
TI  - Vortex dynamics of superfluid 4He-3He mixture films.

PMID- 9939282
TI  - Anomalous ballistic diffusion.

PMID- 9939284
TI  - Crossover from random-exchange to random-field critical behavior in FexZn1-xF2.

PMID- 9939286
TI  - Erratum: Nonlinear wave propagation in periodic systems: The driven sine-Gordon
      chain

PMID- 9939285
TI  - Spectral dimension of a fractal structure with long-range interactions.

PMID- 9939287
TI  - Direct observation of a two-dimensional gas of spin-polarized atomic hydrogen.

PMID- 9939289
TI  - Specific heat of amorphous MoxGe1-x through the metal-insulator transition.

PMID- 9939288
TI  - Nuclear acoustic resonance via the dynamic electric quadrupole coupling in
      iridium.

PMID- 9939290
TI  - Dynamical susceptibility of spin glasses in the fractal cluster model.

PMID- 9939291
TI  - Orientational behavior of molecular liquids in restricted geometries.

PMID- 9939292
TI  - Critical behavior of the magnetization of a d=3 random-field Ising system.

PMID- 9939294
TI  - Anisotropic Heisenberg chain with composite spin.

PMID- 9939293
TI  - Heavy-fermion behavior in a pseudobinary system: U(In

PMID- 9939296
TI  - Dimensional crossover in collective flux pinning.

PMID- 9939295
TI  - Interaction of a Bloch domain wall with the helical anisotropy induced by itself.

PMID- 9939297
TI  - Magnetoresistance studies in the ternary spin glass (AuxCu1-x)0.99Mn0.01.

PMID- 9939298
TI  - Hydrogen and deuterium decoration of a vacancy complex in Ni.

PMID- 9939299
TI  - Simultaneous epitaxy and substrate out-diffusion at a metal-semiconductor
      interface: Fe/GaAs(001)-c(8 x 2).

PMID- 9939300
TI  - General expression for the Coulomb interaction in the presence of a surface.

PMID- 9939301
TI  - Thermal attenuation in atom-surface scattering: The multiphonon contribution.

PMID- 9939302
TI  - Impact of ion-host interactions on the 5d-to-4f spectra of lanthanide rare-earth
      metal ions. I. A phenomenological crystal-field model.

PMID- 9939304
TI  - Theoretical study of the electronic, structural, and cohesive properties of
      ruthenium.

PMID- 9939303
TI  - Impact of ion-host interactions on the 5d-to-4f spectra of lanthanide rare-earth
      metal ions. II. The Ce-doped elpasolites.

PMID- 9939305
TI  - Theoretical study of the Debye-Waller factor in surface extended x-ray-absorption
      fine structure: Influence of an adsorbed monolayer.

PMID- 9939306
TI  - Extension of the Kubo formula for the electrical-conductivity tensor to arbitrary
      polarizations of the electric field.

PMID- 9939307
TI  - Homogeneous intermediate valence of Sm on Al(111).

PMID- 9939309
TI  - Radiative decay of 4d94fn+1 excited states in LaB6 and CeB6.

PMID- 9939308
TI  - Lattice dynamics of fcc and bcc calcium.

PMID- 9939310
TI  - Surface barrier in W(110). I. Self-consistent film calculations.

PMID- 9939311
TI  - Surface barrier in W(110). II. Low-energy electron diffraction fine-structure
      analysis.

PMID- 9939312
TI  - Photoemission studies of CdTe(100) and the Ag-CdTe(100) interface: Surface
      structure, growth behavior, Schottky barrier, and surface photovoltage.

PMID- 9939313
TI  - Effective-mass theory of simple surface states.

PMID- 9939315
TI  - Vibrational density of states in amorphous Ni1-xBx alloys and c-Ni2B.

PMID- 9939314
TI  - Experimental observation of nonuniversal behavior of the conductivity exponent
      for three-dimensional continuum percolation systems.

PMID- 9939316
TI  - Theoretical x-ray-photoemission-spectroscopy intensities of the actinide
      compounds UIr3,UPt

PMID- 9939317
TI  - First-principles phonon spectrum in bcc Ba: Three-ion forces and transition-metal
      behavior.

PMID- 9939318
TI  - Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure study of Al-Mn-Ru-Si icosahedral alloys.

PMID- 9939319
TI  - Calculation of fluctuations and photoemission properties in a tetrahedral-cluster
      model for an intermediate-valence system.

PMID- 9939320
TI  - Morphology and structural phase transitions of Pd monolayers on Ta(110).

PMID- 9939322
TI  - Atomic structure of alloy surfaces. II. Ni3Al{111}

PMID- 9939321
TI  - Self-consistent image potential in a metal surface.

PMID- 9939323
TI  - Atomic structure of alloy surfaces. III. Ni3Al{110}

PMID- 9939324
TI  - Background removal in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: Relative importance of
      intrinsic and extrinsic processes.

PMID- 9939325
TI  - Temperature dependence of x-ray photoelectron diffraction from copper: Surface
      and bulk effects.

PMID- 9939326
TI  - Effect of uniaxial stress on the transport properties of TaSe3.

PMID- 9939327
TI  - Theory of prism-coupled light emission from tunnel junctions.

PMID- 9939328
TI  - Thickness variations and the Corbino effect.

PMID- 9939330
TI  - Modulated phases of alpha -uranium: Theoretical considerations.

PMID- 9939329
TI  - Classically exact overlayer dynamics: Diffusion of rhodium clusters on Rh(100).

PMID- 9939332
TI  - Determination of the region of the local density of states of Mg that is probed
      by core-core-valence Auger transitions.

PMID- 9939331
TI  - Comparison of exact exchange energies with local-density approximations.

PMID- 9939333
TI  - Nonlocal exchange energy of many-fermion systems of arbitrary dimensionality and
      interparticle interaction.

PMID- 9939334
TI  - van der Waals interaction between an atom and a surface at finite separations.

PMID- 9939335
TI  - Hybridization interaction between helium and a metal surface.

PMID- 9939336
TI  - Properties of epitaxial Au on W(100).

PMID- 9939337
TI  - X-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy study of the electronic structure of Ni-P
      metallic glasses.

PMID- 9939339
TI  - Structures of small alkali-metal clusters.

PMID- 9939338
TI  - Energy-level statistics of metallic fine particles: Analytical approach.

PMID- 9939340
TI  - Diffusion and chemical activity of Zr-Sn and Zr-Ti systems.

PMID- 9939342
TI  - Expansion-variational studies of hydrogenlike systems in arbitrary magnetic
      fields.

PMID- 9939341
TI  - Thermal relaxation of adsorbed atoms in an intense laser field.

PMID- 9939343
TI  - Titanium Knight shift in titanium hydride.

PMID- 9939344
TI  - Characterization and decoration of the two-dimensional Penrose lattice.

PMID- 9939345
TI  - Generalized Kadanoff-Baym ansatz for deriving quantum transport equations.

PMID- 9939346
TI  - Interband Faraday rotation in diluted magnetic semiconductors: Zn1-xMnx

PMID- 9939347
TI  - Plasmon and magnetoplasmon excitation in two-dimensional electron space-charge
      layers on GaAs.

PMID- 9939348
TI  - Picosecond-laser-induced transient dynamics of phonons in GaP and ZnSe.

PMID- 9939349
TI  - Electronic-transport behavior in single-crystalline Ba0.03Sr0.97TiO3.

PMID- 9939350
TI  - Free-exciton diffusion and decay in zero-stress Ge.

PMID- 9939352
TI  - Far-infrared spectra of bis-(tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene) hexafluoroarsenate

PMID- 9939351
TI  - Molecular-dynamics simulation of amorphous germanium.

PMID- 9939353
TI  - Quantum theory of thermal noises for steady-state hot-electron transport under a
      strong electric field.

PMID- 9939354
TI  - Optical dispersion relations for amorphous semiconductors and amorphous
      dielectrics.

PMID- 9939355
TI  - Uniaxial stress dependence of spatially confined excitons.

PMID- 9939356
TI  - rf-sputtered B-doped a-Si:H and a-Si-B-H alloys.

PMID- 9939357
TI  - Photogenerated high-density electron-hole plasma energy relaxation and
      experimental evidence for rapid expansion of the electron-hole plasma in CdSe.

PMID- 9939358
TI  - Solution of a new nonlinear equation for the distribution of charge carriers in a
      semiconductor.

PMID- 9939359
TI  - Si/InP(110) heterojunction.

PMID- 9939360
TI  - Spin-1 quasiparticle and spin polarization of the ground state in the fractional
      quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9939361
TI  - Calculated electron densities and sp3-bonding character for binary and ternary
      Zintl phases.

PMID- 9939363
TI  - Dynamics of coherent optical phonon generation and decay in GaP.

PMID- 9939364
TI  - Effective dielectric and photoelastic tensors of superlattices in the long
      wavelength regime.

PMID- 9939362
TI  - Au-GaAs(110) interface: Photoemission studies of the effects of temperature.

PMID- 9939366
TI  - Ground-state energy of charged quantum fluids in two dimensions.

PMID- 9939365
TI  - Leakage-induced and disorder-activated modes from the folded acoustic branches in
      GaAs-AlAs superlattices.

PMID- 9939367
TI  - Electron-electron scattering and mobilities in semiconductors and quantum wells.

PMID- 9939368
TI  - Impurity levels induced by a C impurity in GaAs.

PMID- 9939369
TI  - Real-space force constants for lattice dynamics in silicon and germanium in the
      adiabatic bond-charge model.

PMID- 9939370
TI  - Self-consistent theory of electronic states and dielectric response in
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9939371
TI  - Electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power of highly graphitizable poly(p
      phenylene vinylene) films.

PMID- 9939373
TI  - Self-consistent one-electron states of substitutional and interstitial 5d
      transition-atom impurities in silicon.

PMID- 9939372
TI  - Dynamic Stark effect in interacting electron-hole systems: Light-enhanced
      excitons.

PMID- 9939374
TI  - Hydrogen adsorption on Ge(100) studied by high-resolution energy-loss
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9939375
TI  - Identification of a defect in a semiconductor: EL2 in GaAs.

PMID- 9939376
TI  - Nonempirical cluster-model study of the chemisorption of atomic hydrogen on the
      (111) surface of diamondlike crystals.

PMID- 9939377
TI  - Combined photoacoustic and photoconductive spectroscopic investigation of
      nonradiative recombination and electronic transport phenomena in crystalline n
      type CdS. I. Experiment.

PMID- 9939378
TI  - Combined photoacoustic and photoconductive spectroscopic investigation of
      nonradiative recombination and electronic transport phenomena in crystalline n
      type CdS. II. Theory.

PMID- 9939379
TI  - Cyclotron and spin resonance in electron inversion layers on InSb.

PMID- 9939380
TI  - Magneto-optical absorption of polarons.

PMID- 9939381
TI  - ESR in layer-substrate structures: The line shape and nondestructive contactless
      measurements of the layer conductivity.

PMID- 9939382
TI  - Linewidth study of the dye molecule quinizarin in solid alcohol glasses.

PMID- 9939383
TI  - Transient small-polaron hopping motion.

PMID- 9939384
TI  - Spin memory in the 2A-bar-->E-bar relaxation in ruby.

PMID- 9939385
TI  - Electronic structure of the CaF2/Si(111) interface.

PMID- 9939386
TI  - Observation of persistent ir hole burning in the vibrational spectrum of CN- in
      KBr.

PMID- 9939388
TI  - Calculation of the mobility of electrons injected in liquid methane.

PMID- 9939387
TI  - Photoemission satellites and electronic structure of Fe2O3.

PMID- 9939389
TI  - Domain-wall modes for krypton monolayers on graphite.

PMID- 9939390
TI  - Lithium-insertion reactions in LixMo6Se8-yIy structural studies and the absence
      of triclinic distortions.

PMID- 9939391
TI  - Delocalized versus localized unoccupied 5f states and the uranium site structure
      in uranium oxides and glasses probed by x-ray-absorption near-edge structure.

PMID- 9939392
TI  - Satellite-intensity patterns from the charge-density wave in potassium.

PMID- 9939394
TI  - Quantum energy spectra and one-dimensional quasiperiodic systems.

PMID- 9939395
TI  - Transport and magnetic properties of icosahedral and glassy Pd-U-Si alloys.

PMID- 9939393
TI  - Relaxation-time effects in the transverse dielectric function and the
      electromagnetic properties of metallic surfaces and small particles.

PMID- 9939396
TI  - Neutron diffraction study of ScD1.8.

PMID- 9939397
TI  - Consequences of crystallographic equivalence between bct and fct indium.

PMID- 9939398
TI  - Plasmon band structure in a lateral multiwire semiconductor superlattice.

PMID- 9939400
TI  - Quenching of band-edge photoluminescence in InP by Cu.

PMID- 9939399
TI  - Hole subbands in semiconductor thin layers.

PMID- 9939401
TI  - Reduced symmetry and the band structure of semiconductor alloys.

PMID- 9939402
TI  - Two-dimensional magnetic polaron in the quantum well of dilute magnetic
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9939403
TI  - Low-temperature thermal conductivity of sodium borate glasses.

PMID- 9939404
TI  - Point-defect contribution to the low-frequency dielectric response of LiTaO3:
      Reanalysis.

PMID- 9939405
TI  - Crossover phenomenon in surface segregation of Cu-Ni alloys.

PMID- 9939406
TI  - Comment on "g-factor anisotropy of conduction electrons in InSb"

PMID- 9939407
TI  - Comment on "Effective-mass superlattice"

PMID- 9939408
TI  - Erratum: Voltage-dependent scanning-tunneling microscopy of a crystal surface:
      Graphite

PMID- 9939410
TI  - Orientation of small rafts of xenon atoms physisorbed on Pt(111): A molecular
      dynamics study.

PMID- 9939409
TI  - Orientational ordering induced by shear deformation in an amorphous Lennard-Jones
      solid.

PMID- 9939412
TI  - Delocalized quantum nature of hydrogen adsorbed on the Rh(111) crystal surface.

PMID- 9939411
TI  - Mg32(Zn,Al)49-type icosahedral quasicrystals formed by solid-state reaction and
      rapid solidification.

PMID- 9939413
TI  - Analysis of core-level shifts in some metallic Ni compounds.

PMID- 9939415
TI  - Electron-phonon backscattering and phonon dynamics in one-dimensional metals.

PMID- 9939414
TI  - Photoemission study of Ag monolayer systems: Effects of the substrate.

PMID- 9939416
TI  - Nature of the eigenstates on a Fibonacci chain.

PMID- 9939418
TI  - Low-temperature structures of xenon monolayers adsorbed on graphite.

PMID- 9939417
TI  - Photoluminescence study of a dilute two-dimensional electron gas in GaAs-AlxGa1
      xAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9939419
TI  - Doubly resonant LO-phonon Raman scattering via the deformation potential with a
      single quantum well.

PMID- 9939420
TI  - Surface bands for single-domain 2 x 1 reconstructed Si(100) and Si(100): As.
      Photoemission results for off-axis crystals.

PMID- 9939421
TI  - Metastable impurities in semiconductors: Si:Mg and Si:Be.

PMID- 9939422
TI  - Interstitial chemisorption and interface formation of Pt on Si(111) observed by
      surface extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure and L2,3-edge x-ray-absorption
      resonance spectroscopies.

PMID- 9939423
TI  - Landau-level population inversion in crossed electric and quantizing magnetic
      fields.

PMID- 9939424
TI  - Cyclotron-resonance oscillations in InAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9939425
TI  - Surface Brillouin scattering in black phosphorus.

PMID- 9939426
TI  - CaF2/Si(111): Thin-film characterization by high-resolution electron-energy-loss
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9939428
TI  - Defect structure of the solid solutions Ba1-xGdxF2+x.

PMID- 9939427
TI  - Low-temperature nuclear-spin relaxation times and line shapes for Hsub2 in solid
      nonmagnetic hosts.

PMID- 9939429
TI  - Observation of surface-initiated melting.

PMID- 9939431
TI  - Fundamental radiation-induced defect centers in synthetic fused silicas: Atomic
      chlorine, delocalized E' centers, and a triplet state.

PMID- 9939430
TI  - Analysis of the lowest 4f-->5d two-photon transition in Ce3+:CaF2.

PMID- 9939432
TI  - Interaction of rare-gas-halide excimers with simple cryogenic liquids.

PMID- 9939434
TI  - Electronic diffusion coefficient for fast-ion dechanneling.

PMID- 9939433
TI  - Many-state relaxation model for the Mossbauer spectra of superparamagnets.

PMID- 9939435
TI  - Optical study of hyperfine coupling in the 7F0 and 5D0 states of two Eu3+ centers
      in CaF2 and CdF2.

PMID- 9939436
TI  - Rayleigh scattering and weak localization: Effects of polarization.

PMID- 9939437
TI  - Magnetic relaxation in Fe-(SiO2) granular films.

PMID- 9939438
TI  - Fluorescence quenching in KNdxGd1-xP4O12 crystals studied using an isolated ion
      pair interaction.

PMID- 9939439
TI  - Josephson current in low-dimensional proximity systems and the field effect.

PMID- 9939440
TI  - Exchange and correlation contributions to superconducting electron pairing.

PMID- 9939441
TI  - Unusual temperature dependence of the upper critical field in superconducting
      heavy-fermion systems.

PMID- 9939442
TI  - Gapless superfluidity in 3He films.

PMID- 9939443
TI  - Pulse propagation in a resonant medium: Application to sound waves in superfluid
      3He-B.

PMID- 9939444
TI  - Relaxation behavior in a tiling model for glasses.

PMID- 9939446
TI  - Crystal and electronic structure of metallic lithium at low temperatures.

PMID- 9939445
TI  - Helium in Vycor, constrained randomness, and the Harris criterion.

PMID- 9939447
TI  - Relaxation and recombination in spin-polarized atomic hydrogen.

PMID- 9939448
TI  - X-ray-edge studies and photoemission of MnxSn1-xMo6S8.

PMID- 9939449
TI  - Landau model for superfluid films and interfaces at T=0: Local interactions.

PMID- 9939450
TI  - Possible superconductivity in nearly antiferromagnetic itinerant fermion systems.

PMID- 9939452
TI  - Thermal conductivity of bis-tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene perchlorate

PMID- 9939451
TI  - Tunneling of H and D trapped by O(N) in niobium by anelastic relaxation
      measurements.

PMID- 9939453
TI  - Magnetism and spin fluctuation effects in heavy-fermion CeRu2Si2 induced by
      partial substitution of Ru and Si.

PMID- 9939454
TI  - Effective interactions for self-energy. I. Theory.

PMID- 9939455
TI  - Effective interactions for self-energy. II. Application to electron and electron
      hole liquids.

PMID- 9939456
TI  - Nonequilibrium model of the superconducting tunneling junction x-ray detector.

PMID- 9939457
TI  - Nonlinear quantum and classical renormalization-group trajectories for the
      interacting Bose fluid.

PMID- 9939458
TI  - Phenomenology and origin of growth oscillations: A simple stochastic model.

PMID- 9939459
TI  - Real-space renormalization-group investigation of the three-dimensional semi
      infinite Blume-Emery-Griffiths model.

PMID- 9939460
TI  - Spin-polarized photoemission from iron by pulsed laser radiation.

PMID- 9939461
TI  - Ferromagnetic resonance in a system composed of a ferromagnetic substrate and an
      exchange-coupled thin ferromagnetic overlayer.

PMID- 9939462
TI  - Diffusion noise of fractal networks and percolation clusters.

PMID- 9939464
TI  - Conductivity fluctuations and the amplitude of the long-time tail.

PMID- 9939463
TI  - Images, Landau expansions, and symmetry changes.

PMID- 9939465
TI  - High-resolution adsorption isotherm measurement of adsorbed krypton near the
      commensurate-incommensurate transition.

PMID- 9939466
TI  - Domain-growth kinetics in the two-dimensional three-state chiral clock model.

PMID- 9939467
TI  - Effects of a magnetic field on the thermodynamics of dilute classical spin
      chains.

PMID- 9939469
TI  - Classical limit of sine-Gordon thermodynamics using the Bethe ansatz.

PMID- 9939468
TI  - Corrections to late-stage behavior in spinodal decomposition: Lifshitz-Slyozov
      scaling and Monte Carlo simulations.

PMID- 9939470
TI  - Role of single-ion anisotropy in amorphous ferrimagnetic alloys.

PMID- 9939472
TI  - EPR linewidth (T >~ Tg) in amorphous transition-metal-metalloid spin glasses:
      Theory.

PMID- 9939471
TI  - Crystal optical studies of precursor and spontaneous polarization in PbTiO3.

PMID- 9939473
TI  - Two coupled semi-infinite systems near criticality.

PMID- 9939474
TI  - Vectorized coding for Monte Carlo simulation of the one-dimensional quantum spin
      system.

PMID- 9939475
TI  - Extension of the Lifshitz-point concept to first-order phase transitions:
      Incommensurate NaNO2 in a transverse electric field.

PMID- 9939476
TI  - New algorithm for the numerical simulation of fermions.

PMID- 9939477
TI  - Magnetic properties of praseodymium iron garnet and neodymium iron garnet.

PMID- 9939479
TI  - Pair approximation to describe magnetic properties of disordered spin systems.

PMID- 9939478
TI  - Hugoniot overtake sound-velocity measurements on CsI.

PMID- 9939480
TI  - Numerical study of the growth kinetics for a Langevin equation.

PMID- 9939481
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility of MnCl2- and CoCl2-graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9939482
TI  - Temperature dependence of the intrinsic remanent magnetization and anisotropy
      energy in the spin glass Cu-Mn.

PMID- 9939483
TI  - Concentration dependence of the spin-glass temperature of metallic alloys.

PMID- 9939484
TI  - Crystal-field effect on the transverse susceptibility in spin-S Ising chains.

PMID- 9939485
TI  - Ising model on the Bethe lattice with competing interactions up to the third
      nearest-neighbor generation.

PMID- 9939486
TI  - Dynamics of discommensuration patterns.

PMID- 9939487
TI  - Formation of domains in the random-field Ising model.

PMID- 9939488
TI  - Quantum-mechanical states of dipolar crystals with two magnetic ions per unit
      cell.

PMID- 9939489
TI  - Quantum-mechanical ground state of dysprosium trichloride hexahydrate.

PMID- 9939490
TI  - Influence of third-nearest-neighbor interactions on the ground state of
      Heisenberg linear chains.

PMID- 9939491
TI  - Vibronic theory of a structural phase transition and a tricritical point in IV-VI
      compounds.

PMID- 9939492
TI  - Modified boundary conditions and finite-size scaling for the one-dimensional spin
      (1/2) dimerized XY model.

PMID- 9939494
TI  - Magnetic excitations in spin-density-wave systems.

PMID- 9939493
TI  - Phase diagram and phase transitions of monolayer and bilayer CF4 on graphite.

PMID- 9939495
TI  - Distribution of fractal clusters and scaling in the Ising model.

PMID- 9939496
TI  - Tracer correlation factor in a square-lattice gas with extended hard-core
      interactions.

PMID- 9939497
TI  - High-pressure and high-temperature electrical resistivity of ferromagnetic
      transition metals: Nickel and iron.

PMID- 9939498
TI  - Noise exponent in superconducting-normal metal mixtures.

PMID- 9939499
TI  - Growth anisotropy in the Nd-Y and Pr-Y iron garnets.

PMID- 9939500
TI  - Itinerant f-electron model of heavy-fermion systems.

PMID- 9939501
TI  - Comparison of dynamic and static scaling exponents for the Mn2Al2Si3O12 spin
      glass.

PMID- 9939503
TI  - Adsorption binding-energy variation resulting from substrate size effects.

PMID- 9939502
TI  - Extended and localized states in the periodic Anderson model.

PMID- 9939504
TI  - Bifurcation response in a KH2PO4 crystal near the ferroelectric transition.

PMID- 9939505
TI  - Finite-lattice extrapolations for the ground-state energies of antiferromagnetic
      Heisenberg rings.

PMID- 9939506
TI  - Diffusion in random structures with a topological bias.

PMID- 9939507
TI  - Microcanonical simulation of the three-dimensional random-field Ising model.

PMID- 9939508
TI  - Vibrational spectroscopic study of ferroelectric SbNbO4, antiferroelectric
      BiNbO4, and their solid solutions.

PMID- 9939509
TI  - Estimate of a universal critical-amplitude ratio from its epsilon expansion up to
      epsilon 2.

PMID- 9939510
TI  - Clarification of soliton diffusion in the phi4 theory.

PMID- 9939512
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Tunneling alpha 2F( omega ) from sputtered thin-film NbN.'
      "

PMID- 9939511
TI  - Comment on "Tunneling alpha 2F( omega ) from sputtered thin-film NbN."

PMID- 9939513
TI  - Erratum: Theory of coupled phason and sound-wave normal modes in the
      incommensurate phase of quartz

PMID- 9939515
TI  - Brillouin scattering studies of LaF3 at high temperatures.

PMID- 9939514
TI  - Energy spectra of secondary electrons from Al induced by heavy-ion impact.

PMID- 9939516
TI  - Spin-orbit scattering measurements from localization and superconducting
      tunneling.

PMID- 9939517
TI  - Fisher renormalization of the critical behavior in the random-field problem.

PMID- 9939518
TI  - Relaxation behavior of fractal-cluster spin glasses.

PMID- 9939519
TI  - Thermal expansion and specific heat of monocrystalline URu2Si2.

PMID- 9939520
TI  - Magnetization of the Coqblin-Schrieffer model in the large-N limit at nonzero
      field.

PMID- 9939521
TI  - Lattice and continuum percolation transport exponents: Experiments in two
      dimensions.

PMID- 9939522
TI  - Quantitative prediction of permeability in porous rock.

PMID- 9939523
TI  - Magnetic structure of erbium.

PMID- 9939525
TI  - d -wave pairing near a spin-density-wave instability.

PMID- 9939524
TI  - Ground-state structure of the one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet.

PMID- 9939526
TI  - Geometrical phase transitions on hierarchical lattices and universality.

PMID- 9939527
TI  - Dehybridization of the 4f shell in Si-substituted CeRh3B2.

PMID- 9939529
TI  - Discommensurations in icosahedral phases.

PMID- 9939528
TI  - Universal Poisson's ratio in a two-dimensional random network of rigid and
      nonrigid bonds.

PMID- 9939531
TI  - Sm M4,5 emission spectra of Sm metal and SmB6 with fluorescence-excitation and
      near-threshold electron-excitation methods.

PMID- 9939530
TI  - Iron on palladium (111) studied with photoemission, low-energy electron
      diffraction, and Auger-electron spectroscopy.

PMID- 9939532
TI  - Valence-electronic structure of potassium adsorbed on Cu(001) deduced from work
      function change and electron-energy-loss spectroscopy.

PMID- 9939533
TI  - Dimensionality and size effects in simple metals.

PMID- 9939534
TI  - Effects of spatial dispersion and damping on exciton absorption.

PMID- 9939535
TI  - Plasmon linewidth in metals and semiconductors: A memory-function approach.

PMID- 9939536
TI  - Local atomic environments in periodic and aperiodic Al-Mn alloys.

PMID- 9939537
TI  - Surface-polariton solitons.

PMID- 9939538
TI  - Electron transport in calcium-based metallic glasses.

PMID- 9939540
TI  - Microscopic stress tensors in quantum systems.

PMID- 9939539
TI  - Electron transport in La100-xAlx metallic glasses.

PMID- 9939542
TI  - Multiple-scattering treatment of surfaces and interfaces.

PMID- 9939541
TI  - Microscopic stress tensors in atoms.

PMID- 9939543
TI  - Electron-energy-loss studies of surface vibrations on Ni(100): Surface and bulk
      phonon contributions.

PMID- 9939544
TI  - Electron transmission in a one-dimensional quasicrystal.

PMID- 9939545
TI  - Theory of hopping conduction by the path-probability method.

PMID- 9939546
TI  - Effect of the surface condition on the deviation from Matthiessen's rule in thin
      copper samples.

PMID- 9939547
TI  - X-ray resonant Raman cross section and yield in nickel.

PMID- 9939548
TI  - Electronic theory of the chemical short-range order in liquid and amorphous
      transition-metal alloys.

PMID- 9939549
TI  - Lattice dynamics of LaB6 studied by ion channeling: La in the Einstein model.

PMID- 9939550
TI  - Electronic structure of the Fe/Ge(110) interface.

PMID- 9939552
TI  - Accelerating the convergence of self-consistent linearized augmented-plane-wave
      calculations.

PMID- 9939551
TI  - Surface segregation of Ni-Cu binary alloys studied by an atom-probe.

PMID- 9939553
TI  - Investigation of the electronic structure and phonon anharmonicity in beta - and
      gamma -NbH.

PMID- 9939554
TI  - Lattice dynamics of lithium at low temperature.

PMID- 9939555
TI  - Spectroscopy of the O-H and O-D stretching vibrations in SrTiO3 under applied
      electric field and uniaxial stress.

PMID- 9939556
TI  - Splitting of valence levels in Ag-Au alloys.

PMID- 9939558
TI  - Metal-insulator transition and effects of localization and correlation in
      amorphous FexSb100-x alloys.

PMID- 9939557
TI  - Linear augmented-Slater-type-orbital method for electronic-structure
      calculations. IV. 5d-5d alloys.

PMID- 9939560
TI  - Nonradiative lifetime of excited states near a small metal particle.

PMID- 9939559
TI  - Hybridization of electronic bands along the <110> axis in platinum observed by
      spin-polarized, momentum-resolved photoemission.

PMID- 9939561
TI  - Theoretical model for the Raman scattering by localized and magnon modes in mixed
      transition-metal fluorides.

PMID- 9939562
TI  - Effect of ion implantation on the electronic structure of bismuth.

PMID- 9939563
TI  - Collective excitations in metallic glasses: A model of dynamic structure.

PMID- 9939565
TI  - Interatomic interactions in solids: An effective-medium approach.

PMID- 9939564
TI  - Linewidths from sum rules in mixed crystals.

PMID- 9939566
TI  - Charge-density-wave conduction: Dynamics and finite-size effects.

PMID- 9939568
TI  - New layer method for the investigation of the electronic properties of two
      dimensional periodic spatial structures: First applications to copper and
      aluminum.

PMID- 9939567
TI  - Magnetoresistivity of the spin-fluctuation materials TiBe2 and UAl2.

PMID- 9939569
TI  - Novel method for studying large-scale coalescence.

PMID- 9939570
TI  - Correlated random walk on a bcc lattice with next-nearest-neighbor hops: Self
      consistent decoupling approximation.

PMID- 9939571
TI  - Mn(IV) and Cr(III) impurities in cubic BaTiO3: Theoretical study through a
      molecular-orbital model.

PMID- 9939572
TI  - Localization and phase coherence length in the Lloyd model.

PMID- 9939573
TI  - Polarization of hot-electron photoluminescence in GaAs-type semiconductors for
      recombination on a shallow acceptor.

PMID- 9939575
TI  - Nonequilibrium electron-phonon scattering in semiconductor heterojunctions.

PMID- 9939574
TI  - Electrical breakdown at semiconductor grain boundaries.

PMID- 9939577
TI  - Electron-hole exchange interaction for donor-acceptor pairs in CdS determined as
      a function of separation distance by optically detected magnetic resonance.

PMID- 9939576
TI  - First-principles study of the structural properties of Ge.

PMID- 9939578
TI  - Some consequences of the closure of the momentum Bloch functions.

PMID- 9939579
TI  - Band theory of superlattices.

PMID- 9939580
TI  - Pendellosung intensity-beat measurements with 0.0392- and 0.0265-A

PMID- 9939582
TI  - Low-temperature ac conductivity of semiconducting NbO2.

PMID- 9939581
TI  - Far-infrared absorption by shallow donors in multiple-well GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs
      heterostructures.

PMID- 9939583
TI  - Hot-electron luminescence in AlSb.

PMID- 9939584
TI  - Optical properties and excitation-induced distortions of a trigonal Cu-related
      neutral complex with a bound exciton at 2.26 eV in ZnTe.

PMID- 9939585
TI  - Excess low-temperature specific heat in a model glass.

PMID- 9939587
TI  - Energy spectra of donors and acceptors in quantum-well structures: Effect of
      spatially dependent screening.

PMID- 9939586
TI  - Tunneling-assisted photon emission from quantum wells.

PMID- 9939588
TI  - Electronic structure of amorphous III-V and II-VI compound semiconductors and
      their defects.

PMID- 9939590
TI  - Persistent photocurrent in amorphous chalcogenides.

PMID- 9939589
TI  - Polarized hot-electron photoluminescence in highly doped GaAs.

PMID- 9939591
TI  - Kinetic study of the 830- and 889-cm-1 infrared bands during annealing of
      irradiated silicon.

PMID- 9939592
TI  - Crystalline As2Se3: Optical properties.

PMID- 9939593
TI  - Optical characterization and thermal dissociation of bound excitons in CdSexTe1
      x.

PMID- 9939595
TI  - Picosecond band filling in highly excited In-Ga-As-P films.

PMID- 9939594
TI  - Photoluminescence in ultrathin a-Si:H layers.

PMID- 9939597
TI  - Empirical tight-binding calculation of dispersion in the linear optical
      properties of tetrahedral solids.

PMID- 9939596
TI  - Dynamical conductivity of soliton lattice and polaron lattice in the continuum
      model of polyacetylene.

PMID- 9939598
TI  - Hopping conduction in a two-dimensional impurity band.

PMID- 9939600
TI  - Low-lying excited states of a hydrogenic donor and resonant states in a quantum
      well.

PMID- 9939599
TI  - Bismuth-doped amorphous germanium sulfide semiconductors.

PMID- 9939602
TI  - Energy transfer among Yb3+ ions in a silicate glass.

PMID- 9939601
TI  - Theory of the cyclotron resonance spectrum of a polaron in two dimensions.

PMID- 9939603
TI  - Nonresonant energy transfer in a system with two different rare-earth sites: beta
      '-Gd2(MoO4)3:Eu3+ and beta 'Eu2(MoO4)3.

PMID- 9939605
TI  - Low-temperature properties of crystalline (KBr)1-x(KCN)x: A model glass.

PMID- 9939604
TI  - Transport and relaxation of hot conduction electrons in an organic dielectric.

PMID- 9939607
TI  - Energy up-conversion in the visible to ultraviolet range in LaF3:(Pr3+,Nd3+).

PMID- 9939606
TI  - Heat capacity of CH4 on graphite and the quantum cell model.

PMID- 9939608
TI  - Aftereffect investigations in mixed-valence indium chlorides.

PMID- 9939610
TI  - Volume expansion of diamond during ion implantation.

PMID- 9939609
TI  - Ordering of hydrogen overlayers on the (110) surfaces of nickel and palladium.

PMID- 9939611
TI  - Defect-induced hyper-Raman spectra in cubic zirconia.

PMID- 9939612
TI  - Two-photon-absorption cross section of Nd3+ in yttrium aluminum garnet and
      yttrium lithium fluoride near 1.06 microm.

PMID- 9939613
TI  - Nonlinear phonon generation via localized modes.

PMID- 9939614
TI  - Energy transfer by phonons undergoing resonance-elastic and inelastic scattering
      in an infinite medium.

PMID- 9939615
TI  - Analysis of the r dependence of self-consistent exchange parameters alpha i of
      different shells in neon, argon, and krypton.

PMID- 9939616
TI  - Phonons in the mixed crystal CdCl2(1-x)Br2x: n-mode behavior (n >= 10).

PMID- 9939617
TI  - Structure factor of a single linear chain of finite size.

PMID- 9939618
TI  - Solid solutions of alkali halide compounds: A new model.

PMID- 9939620
TI  - Nature of the electronic spectrum in positionally disordered systems with weak
      electron-ion potential.

PMID- 9939619
TI  - Anomalous transmission of x rays through a quasicrystal.

PMID- 9939621
TI  - New approach to minimal basis set with localized orbitals. II. Improvement of the
      single-site approximation.

PMID- 9939622
TI  - Electronic structure and properties of transition-metal-metalloid glasses: Ni1
      xPx.

PMID- 9939623
TI  - Optical properties of orientationally disordered systems.

PMID- 9939625
TI  - Hall factor of doped n-type GaAs and n-type InP.

PMID- 9939624
TI  - Frequency modulation of the narrow-band noise in sliding charge-density-wave
      conductors.

PMID- 9939627
TI  - Type-II superlattice: Inversion of the dielectric function.

PMID- 9939626
TI  - Raman scattering from ultraheavily-ion-implanted and laser-annealed silicon.

PMID- 9939628
TI  - Barrier-width dependence of optical transitions involving unconfined energy
      states in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs superlattices.

PMID- 9939629
TI  - Anisotropic electrical conductivity of the solid electrolyte Rb4Cu9Cl13.

PMID- 9939630
TI  - Field-enhanced electronic transport in solids.

PMID- 9939631
TI  - Comment on "Photoemission study of the existence of a valence-band satellite in
      Fe"

PMID- 9939633
TI  - Erratum: Coherence in singlet-exciton motion in anthracene crystals

PMID- 9939632
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Photoemission study of the existence of a valence-band
      satellite in Fe' "

PMID- 9939634
TI  - Erratum: Correlation effects on the oscillator strength of optical absorption:
      Sum rule for the one-dimensional Hubbard model

PMID- 9939635
TI  - Neutron scattering study of the vibrational density of states in icosahedral and
      crystalline Al0.80Mn0.20.

PMID- 9939636
TI  - Annealing behavior of hydrogen traps in Ne-implanted Ta.

PMID- 9939637
TI  - Resonance trapping of nonthermal positrons.

PMID- 9939639
TI  - Direct evidence of three-center-Auger recombination processes in ZnS:Cu,Fe.

PMID- 9939638
TI  - Unoccupied surface states on W(001) and Mo(001) by inverse photoemission.

PMID- 9939640
TI  - Electric field gradients of randomly disordered compounds.

PMID- 9939641
TI  - Collective spin waves in Fe-Pd and Fe-W multilayer structures.

PMID- 9939642
TI  - Localized phonon modes in Fe-Pd multilayer structures.

PMID- 9939644
TI  - Relation between the conductivity, the ultrasonic attenuation, and nonlinear
      sigma -model composite operators at the Anderson transition.

PMID- 9939643
TI  - Critical behavior of transverse sound attenuation at a mobility edge.

PMID- 9939645
TI  - Contamination-mediated deformation of graphite by the scanning tunneling
      microscope.

PMID- 9939646
TI  - Dynamics of photoexcited carriers sinking into an enlarged well in a GaAs/AlAs
      short-period superlattice.

PMID- 9939647
TI  - Spectroscopy of excited states in In0.53Ga0.47 As-InP single quantum wells grown
      by chemical-beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9939648
TI  - Optical dephasing of homogeneously broadened two-dimensional exciton transitions
      in GaAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9939650
TI  - Exact calculations of quasibound states of an isolated quantum well with uniform
      electric field: Quantum-well Stark resonance.

PMID- 9939649
TI  - Ambipolar drift-length measurement in amorphous hydrogenated silicon using the
      steady-state photocarrier grating technique.

PMID- 9939651
TI  - Origin of the dielectric relaxation frequency in sliding-charge-density-wave
      systems.

PMID- 9939652
TI  - Self-interaction correction to the local-density approximation in the calculation
      of the energy band gaps of semiconductors based on the full-potential,
      linearized, augmented-plane-wave method.

PMID- 9939653
TI  - Surface optical phonons in LiF(001) observed by inelastic helium scattering.

PMID- 9939654
TI  - Nonlinear Hall effect in K0.3MoO3 due to the sliding of charge-density waves.

PMID- 9939656
TI  - "Channel decomposition" of superexchange interactions in the valence-bond method.

PMID- 9939655
TI  - Resistivity minima in Ausub1-xNix alloys (0.30 <= x <= 0.42).

PMID- 9939657
TI  - Metastability of the Si(111)/Cu interface: A spatially resolved Auger line-shape
      spectroscopy investigation.

PMID- 9939658
TI  - Theory of electronic excitations in coated metal particles: Jellium-on-jellium
      model.

PMID- 9939659
TI  - Dielectric response of a semi-infinite electron gas: Independent-particle dynamic
      response function.

PMID- 9939660
TI  - Resistivities and mean free paths in individual layers of a metallic multilayered
      structure.

PMID- 9939661
TI  - Calculation of corrections to Fresnel optics from density response.

PMID- 9939662
TI  - Soft-x-ray photoemission study of Co-n-type InP(110) interface.

PMID- 9939663
TI  - Quasiperiodic lattice: Electronic properties, phonon properties, and diffusion.

PMID- 9939664
TI  - Resistivity of Ca-Al metallic glasses.

PMID- 9939665
TI  - Solubility of H, D, and T in Pd at low concentrations.

PMID- 9939666
TI  - Escape problem for particles with internal degrees of freedom out of a potential.

PMID- 9939667
TI  - Quasicrystals. I. Definition and structure.

PMID- 9939668
TI  - Quasicrystals. II. Unit-cell configurations.

PMID- 9939669
TI  - Self-consistent molecular-cluster calculations of the electric field gradient of
      5sp impurities (47Ag- 54Xe) in cadmium.

PMID- 9939670
TI  - Electronic and structural properties of Lu under pressure: Relation to structural
      phases of the rare-earth metals.

PMID- 9939671
TI  - Ensemble and temperature averaging of quantum oscillations in normal-metal rings.

PMID- 9939672
TI  - Binding-energy shifts from alloying at metal-compound-semiconductor interfaces.

PMID- 9939673
TI  - Transition from bandlike to quasiatomic behavior in the N6,7O4,5O4,5 Auger
      spectra of iridium, platinum, and gold.

PMID- 9939674
TI  - Quantum-mechanical-model calculations of radiative properties of a molecular
      crystal. II. A transition to coherence in the spontaneous emission from
      disordered two-dimensional excitons.

PMID- 9939676
TI  - Surface-reconstruction-induced changes in free-carrier scattering from the W(100)
      surface: An infrared surface-electromagnetic-wave study.

PMID- 9939675
TI  - Fourth-order gradient expansion of the fermion kinetic energy: Extra terms for
      nonanalytic densities.

PMID- 9939677
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility of alpha and beta phases of di

PMID- 9939678
TI  - Relativistic spin-polarized electronic structure of Ce and Pu.

PMID- 9939679
TI  - Temperature dependence of noise processes in metals.

PMID- 9939680
TI  - Elastic jellium sphere in a static electric field.

PMID- 9939681
TI  - Energy-level statistics of metallic fine particles: Computer simulations.

PMID- 9939682
TI  - Baber scattering in strong magnetic fields: The effect of Landau quantization.

PMID- 9939683
TI  - Icosahedral order in glass: Acoustic properties.

PMID- 9939684
TI  - Empty surface states, image states, and band edge on Au(111).

PMID- 9939686
TI  - Volume versus surface origin of 1/f noise in metals.

PMID- 9939685
TI  - Structural and electronic properties of the Al-GaAs(110) interface.

PMID- 9939687
TI  - Theory of angle-resolved photoemission extended fine structure.

PMID- 9939689
TI  - Sphere packings and local environments in Penrose tilings.

PMID- 9939688
TI  - Atom diffraction from soft periodic scattering potentials: Calculation of
      diffraction intensities by an extended GR method.

PMID- 9939690
TI  - Kinetics of hydrogen absorption by Pd(110).

PMID- 9939692
TI  - Electronic damping of adsorbate motion: CO vibration on the Cu(100) surface.

PMID- 9939691
TI  - Dislocation studies on deformed single crystals of high-purity iron using
      positron annihilation: Determination of dislocation densities.

PMID- 9939693
TI  - Effect of surface scattering on optical properties of metallic double-layer
      films.

PMID- 9939694
TI  - Two-photon momentum density and angular correlation of positron annihilation
      radiation in Pd and PdH.

PMID- 9939695
TI  - Transferable nonorthogonal tight-binding parameters for silicon.

PMID- 9939696
TI  - Effect of high magnetic fields on the electronic structure of density-wave
      systems.

PMID- 9939697
TI  - Model of electronic states at the Si-SiO2 interface.

PMID- 9939698
TI  - Effects of electron-electron correlations on defect and interface states in
      amorphous Si and SiO2 systems.

PMID- 9939699
TI  - X-ray-emission-spectroscopy study of vacancy-induced electronic states in
      substoichiometric TiNx.

PMID- 9939700
TI  - Magneto-optical determination of the HgTe-CdTe superlattice band structure.

PMID- 9939701
TI  - Simulated annealing of silicon atom clusters in Langevin molecular dynamics.

PMID- 9939702
TI  - Localized surface optical phonons in a layered crystal: GaSe(001).

PMID- 9939703
TI  - High-temperature nucleation and silicide formation at the Co/Si(111)-7 x 7
      interface: A structural investigation.

PMID- 9939704
TI  - Quantum oscillations in the magnetotransport of a finite two-dimensional Anderson
      model.

PMID- 9939705
TI  - Theory of alloy broadening of deep levels in semiconductor alloys: Nitrogen in
      AlxGa1-xAs.

PMID- 9939706
TI  - Rayleigh-Taylor instability in phonon-wind-driven electron-hole plasma.

PMID- 9939707
TI  - Optical-absorption spectrum of polyacetylene: Effect of lattice deformation,
      impurities, and end conditions.

PMID- 9939708
TI  - Far-infrared absorption profiles for shallow donors in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs quantum
      well structures.

PMID- 9939710
TI  - Multiphoton absorption of intense electromagnetic laser radiation in narrow-gap
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9939709
TI  - Valence-band-structure determination of InSb by angle-resolved photoemission.

PMID- 9939711
TI  - Photoemission investigation of silicon chemisorbed on aluminum.

PMID- 9939712
TI  - Shallow donors in semi-insulating GaAs and their role in the excitation of the
      0.64-eV photoluminescence.

PMID- 9939713
TI  - Dielectric function and plasmon structure of stage-1 intercalated graphite.

PMID- 9939714
TI  - Charge-density waves studied with the use of a scanning tunneling microscope.

PMID- 9939716
TI  - Spatial expansion of electron-hole plasma in Si.

PMID- 9939715
TI  - Effect of neutral donor scattering on the time-dependent exciton-polariton
      photoluminescence line shape in GaAs.

PMID- 9939717
TI  - Statistics of the fractionally charged excitations in the quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9939718
TI  - Dimer-chain model for the 7 x 7 and the 2 x 8 reconstructed surfaces of
      reconstructed surfaces of Si(111) and Ge(111).

PMID- 9939719
TI  - Theory of the impurity-doping effect on electronic states in a quantum well of
      arbitrary depth of a semiconductor.

PMID- 9939720
TI  - Light scattering from a layered electron gas.

PMID- 9939721
TI  - Influence of dissipation on the accuracy of the integral quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9939722
TI  - Efficient approach to the ab initio Hartree-Fock problem of solids, with
      application to diamond and silicon.

PMID- 9939723
TI  - Electronic and structural properties of BN and BP.

PMID- 9939725
TI  - Stacking fault and four-body interaction in the Si(111)7 x 7 structure.

PMID- 9939724
TI  - Excitons in semimagnetic semiconductor quantum-well systems: Magnetic polaron
      effects.

PMID- 9939726
TI  - Continuum model for vibrational excitations of conjugated polymers.

PMID- 9939728
TI  - Effect of electric fields on the propagation of ultrasonic pulses in o-TaS3.

PMID- 9939727
TI  - Electronic structure of pyrrole-based conducting polymers: An electron-energy
      loss-spectroscopy study.

PMID- 9939729
TI  - Ionization energy and mobility measurement in Si:B.

PMID- 9939730
TI  - Many-particle exchanges in a class of correlated Gaussian wave functions for the
      fractionally quantized Hall effect.

PMID- 9939731
TI  - Balance-equation analysis of linear and nonlinear electronic transport in quasi
      two-dimensional quantum-well superlattices.

PMID- 9939732
TI  - Influence of elastic and magnetic fields on the phonon scattering and thermal
      conductivity of acceptor defects in cubic semiconductors.

PMID- 9939733
TI  - Cyclotron mass of a polaron in two dimensions.

PMID- 9939734
TI  - Image potentials and an inverse dielectric response function for a semiconductor
      slab.

PMID- 9939735
TI  - Oxide traps in Si-SiO2 structures characterized by tunnel emission with deep
      level transient spectroscopy.

PMID- 9939736
TI  - Metastability and hysteresis in the low-frequency dielectric response of the
      charge-density wave in K0.3MoO3.

PMID- 9939737
TI  - Pseudopotential total-energy study of the transition from rhombohedral graphite
      to diamond.

PMID- 9939738
TI  - Theoretical calculation of the pure electronic spectrum of MnF6 4- in vacuo and
      in RbMnF3.

PMID- 9939739
TI  - Relationship between the Auger line shape and the electronic properties of
      graphite.

PMID- 9939740
TI  - Core-exciton decay and change in the valence-band spectra of LiCl and LiBr.

PMID- 9939741
TI  - Pressure-induced phase transition in SrF2: A Raman study.

PMID- 9939742
TI  - Dipolar and quadrupolar freezing in (NaCN)1-x(KCN)x.

PMID- 9939743
TI  - Band structure and heat capacity of low-coverage helium films on noble-gas-plated
      graphite.

PMID- 9939744
TI  - F -center production in alkali halide crystals by monochromatic x-ray and
      ultraviolet radiation.

PMID- 9939746
TI  - Polarized Raman study of phonon modes perturbed by the off-center Li+ impurity in
      KCl.

PMID- 9939745
TI  - Lifetime effects in low-stage intercalated graphite systems.

PMID- 9939747
TI  - Possibility of the simultaneous occurrence of potential minima along two
      crystallographic directions in an octahedral potential.

PMID- 9939748
TI  - Electron dynamics in a crystal.

PMID- 9939749
TI  - Green's functions for interstitial impurities.

PMID- 9939750
TI  - Cohesive energy of beryllium calculated with the use of the charge-shift model.

PMID- 9939751
TI  - Surface Brillouin scattering in polycrystalline gold.

PMID- 9939753
TI  - Dissociative valence force field potential for silicon.

PMID- 9939752
TI  - Electronic structure of free carriers in quantum wells calculated by density
      functional theory.

PMID- 9939754
TI  - Anisotropy in the reflectivity measurements of bismuth germanate.

PMID- 9939755
TI  - Capacitance transient studies of a metastable defect in silicon.

PMID- 9939756
TI  - First-principles calculation of the pressure coefficient of the indirect band gap
      and of the charge density of C and Si.

PMID- 9939757
TI  - Low-temperature thermal expansion of glassy solids.

PMID- 9939758
TI  - Comment on "Observation of an index-of-refraction-induced change in the Drude
      parameters of Ag films."

PMID- 9939759
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Observation of an index-of-refraction-induced change in the
      Drude parameters of Ag films.' "

PMID- 9939760
TI  - Exchange and correlation energy in a nonuniform fermion fluid.

PMID- 9939761
TI  - Erratum: Raman study of phonon anharmonicity in LaF3

PMID- 9939763
TI  - Theory of intermediate-valence solids.

PMID- 9939762
TI  - Temperature-dependent electronic excitations of the Ge(111)-2 x 1 surface.

PMID- 9939764
TI  - Influence of coadsorbed K on near-edge resonances for core and valence
      photoionization of CO on Ni(111).

PMID- 9939766
TI  - Au surface density of states and surface core-level shifts in Cu3Au(001).

PMID- 9939765
TI  - Photoabsorption shape resonance in the adsorption system CO/K/Cu(100): A dilemma.

PMID- 9939767
TI  - Magnetoconductance oscillations of a quasi-one-dimensional electron gas in a
      parabolic transverse potential.

PMID- 9939769
TI  - Destruction of phase coherence by electron-phonon interactions in disordered
      conductors.

PMID- 9939768
TI  - Renormalization-group analysis of the spin susceptibility of an interacting
      disordered electron system.

PMID- 9939771
TI  - Identification of the arsenic-antisite-arsenic-vacancy complex in electron
      irradiated GaAs.

PMID- 9939772
TI  - Strain-induced ordering in silicon-germanium alloys.

PMID- 9939770
TI  - Thermally modulated photoluminescence in GaxIn1-xAs-InP quantum wells.

PMID- 9939774
TI  - Magnetoplasmon-phonon coupling in a two-dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9939773
TI  - Structural studies of Si(111)2 x 1 surfaces using low-energy electron
      diffraction.

PMID- 9939776
TI  - Stacking sequences in close-packed metallic superlattices.

PMID- 9939775
TI  - Metastable states of the repinned charge-density wave and the approach to
      equilibrium.

PMID- 9939777
TI  - Paramagnetic resonance of a new-oxygen-donor related center in silicon.

PMID- 9939778
TI  - Low-voltage breakdown of the quantum Hall state in a laterally constricted two
      dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9939779
TI  - Atomic and electronic contributions to Si(111)-(7 x 7) scanning-tunneling
      microscopy images.

PMID- 9939780
TI  - Lattice distortions for arsenic in single-crystal silicon.

PMID- 9939781
TI  - Impact ionization mechanism for self-generated chaos in semiconductors.

PMID- 9939782
TI  - Ground state for the fractional quantized Hall effect.

PMID- 9939783
TI  - Q-factors of quartz oscillator modes as a probe of submonolayer-film dynamics.

PMID- 9939784
TI  - Two-level systems in electron-irradiated quartz.

PMID- 9939786
TI  - Dangling bond in amorphous hydrogenated silicon: Anomalous spin relaxation.

PMID- 9939785
TI  - Shear modulus of Laughlin-type wave functions.

PMID- 9939787
TI  - Double electron-muon resonance of anomalous muonium in silicon.

PMID- 9939789
TI  - Experimental application of the new orientational dynamic theory of ESR fine
      structure centers in an amorphous matrix.

PMID- 9939788
TI  - Electronic structure and magnetic and hyperfine properties of Fe/V sandwiches and
      interfaces.

PMID- 9939790
TI  - Variable-energy positron-beam studies of Ni implanted with He.

PMID- 9939791
TI  - Exchange-coupled pairs of Yb3+ ions in SrF2.

PMID- 9939792
TI  - White lines in the L2,3 electron-energy-loss and x-ray absorption spectra of 3d
      transition metals.

PMID- 9939793
TI  - Muonium centers in the cuprous halides.

PMID- 9939794
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility and ESR of the organic conductor bis(ethylenedithiolo)
      tetrathiafulvalene perchlorate

PMID- 9939795
TI  - Theory of the transferred hyperfine interaction between well-separated atoms and
      the influence of soft-phonon modes.

PMID- 9939796
TI  - Superconducting-transition temperatures of rare-earth rhodium boride compounds,
      RRh4B4.

PMID- 9939797
TI  - Electron inelastic scattering in aluminum films and wires at temperatures near
      the superconducting transition.

PMID- 9939798
TI  - Ultrasonic attenuation and the resistive transition in a superconducting granular
      lead film.

PMID- 9939800
TI  - Nonperturbative theory of exchange and correlation in one-electron quasiparticle
      states.

PMID- 9939799
TI  - Effect of quantum noise and tunneling on the fluctuational voltage-current
      characteristics and the lifetime of the zero-voltage state in Josephson
      junctions.

PMID- 9939801
TI  - Temperature dependence of the dynamical response of an electron on a thin liquid
      helium film.

PMID- 9939802
TI  - Theory of the upper critical field of a magnetic superconductor.

PMID- 9939803
TI  - Polarization study of Raman scattering of liquid 4He under pressure.

PMID- 9939805
TI  - Far-infrared absorption of thin superconducting aluminum films in the pair
      breaking and paramagnetic limits.

PMID- 9939804
TI  - Master-equation approach to shot noise in Josephson junctions.

PMID- 9939806
TI  - Effect of elastic boundary conditions on morphotropic Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 piezoelectrics.

PMID- 9939808
TI  - Status of understanding of the hybridization-mediated anisotropic magnetic
      behavior of PuSb.

PMID- 9939807
TI  - Scaling relations for grain autocorrelation functions during nucleation and
      growth.

PMID- 9939810
TI  - Assumption of separability of the excluded-volume interaction in polymer physics:
      Flory-Huggins theory reviewed.

PMID- 9939809
TI  - Transfer-matrix approach to estimating coverage discontinuities and multicritical
      point positions in two-dimensional lattice-gas phase diagrams.

PMID- 9939811
TI  - Specific-heat spectroscopy of glycerol and propylene glycol near the glass
      transition.

PMID- 9939812
TI  - Macromagnetism and micromagnetism in Ni-Mo metallic superlattices.

PMID- 9939813
TI  - Time-differential perturbed-angular-correlation study of K2HfF6 polymorphism.

PMID- 9939815
TI  - Behavior of wave functions in smooth aperiodic potentials: Anderson localization
      in the continuum.

PMID- 9939814
TI  - Point-defect-induced nucleation of the omega phase.

PMID- 9939816
TI  - Order-disorder dynamics of the ferroelectric phase transition in tris-sarcosine
      calcium chloride crystals.

PMID- 9939817
TI  - Correlation functions of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model using a modified
      Lanczos method.

PMID- 9939819
TI  - Magnetic properties of ferromagnet-antiferromagnet superlattice structures with
      mixed-spin antiferromagnetic sheets.

PMID- 9939818
TI  - Ferromagnetism in reentrant PdFex

PMID- 9939821
TI  - Temperature dependence of the response time of dilute metallic spin glasses.

PMID- 9939820
TI  - High-temperature series and the random-field Ising model.

PMID- 9939822
TI  - Soft modes in the one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet near saturation.

PMID- 9939823
TI  - Evidence of strong electron correlation effects on thermal expansion in
      transition metals.

PMID- 9939824
TI  - Amorphization of the Ising model with a transverse field: Transverse
      susceptibility.

PMID- 9939825
TI  - Steady and oscillatory cellular morphologies in rapid solidification.

PMID- 9939826
TI  - Scaling theory of pore growth in a reactive solid.

PMID- 9939828
TI  - Stability of incomplete explosive crystal growth.

PMID- 9939827
TI  - High-temperature spin dynamics of a cubic ferromagnet Pd2MnSn.

PMID- 9939829
TI  - Spin waves in a strong tight-binding itinerant ferromagnet with a (100) surface.

PMID- 9939831
TI  - Ferromagnetic phases of bcc and fcc Fe, Co, and Ni.

PMID- 9939830
TI  - Free-energy analysis of the single-q and double-q magnetic structures of
      neodymium.

PMID- 9939833
TI  - Specific heat of YbBe13.

PMID- 9939832
TI  - Solid-liquid interfacial energy of Ni40Pd40P20 alloy glass.

PMID- 9939834
TI  - Spin-1 model of a microemulsion.

PMID- 9939835
TI  - Vapor-phase growth of amorphous materials: A molecular-dynamics study.

PMID- 9939836
TI  - Continuous-symmetry ferromagnet with weak random magnetic anisotropy: A numerical
      study.

PMID- 9939837
TI  - Potts lattice-gas model for the solid-liquid interfacial tensions of simple
      fluids.

PMID- 9939838
TI  - Clock-model description of incommensurate ferroelectric films and of nematic
      liquid-crystal films.

PMID- 9939839
TI  - Electric-quadrupole interactions in mixed spinels.

PMID- 9939840
TI  - Thermofield transfer-matrix method and its applications to quantum spin systems.

PMID- 9939841
TI  - Power-law behavior in the viscosity of supercooled liquids.

PMID- 9939843
TI  - Anisotropic magnetoresistance with cubic anisotropy and weak ferromagnetism: A
      new paradigm.

PMID- 9939842
TI  - Finite-size effects at temperature-driven first-order transitions.

PMID- 9939844
TI  - Specific-heat study of random-field and competing-anisotropy effects in Fe1
      xCoxCl2.

PMID- 9939845
TI  - Analysis of quasielastic light scattering in LiTaO3 near TC.

PMID- 9939846
TI  - Spin coupling between magnetic impurities in metals.

PMID- 9939847
TI  - Morin transition of shock-modified hematite.

PMID- 9939849
TI  - Kondo lattice and the formation of a heavy-fermion state.

PMID- 9939848
TI  - Monte Carlo renormalization-group study of the dynamics of the kinetic Ising
      model.

PMID- 9939850
TI  - Fractal nature of electrical conductivity in ion-implanted polymers.

PMID- 9939851
TI  - Correlation functions in the solid-on-solid model of the fluctuating interface.

PMID- 9939852
TI  - Dynamics of the classical Heisenberg ferromagnet.

PMID- 9939854
TI  - Theoretical investigation of Mossbauer isomer shifts in compounds of Sn, Sb, and
      Zn.

PMID- 9939853
TI  - Generalization of the Lloyd model for calculation of electronic structure at
      disordered interfaces.

PMID- 9939855
TI  - Tc suppression and critical fields in thin superconducting Nb films.

PMID- 9939856
TI  - Decay of a metastable state: A variational approach.

PMID- 9939857
TI  - Superconductivity in Bi observed with point contacts.

PMID- 9939858
TI  - Numerical studies of the field dependence of the magnetic specific heat of
      Eu0.25Sr0.75S and Eu0.54Sr0.46S.

PMID- 9939859
TI  - Monte Carlo versus Langevin methods for nonpositive definite weights.

PMID- 9939860
TI  - Brillouin scattering of rubidium iodide under high pressure.

PMID- 9939862
TI  - Anomalous electrical resistivity of the Kondo system Ce(Rh1-xCox)3B2.

PMID- 9939861
TI  - Measurement of spin-spin relaxation of 0.05-wt. % ruby.

PMID- 9939863
TI  - Large-cell Monte Carlo renormalization-group method for a new type of
      environmental percolation.

PMID- 9939864
TI  - Effects of finite geometry and boundary conditions on scattering functions at two
      dimensional critical points.

PMID- 9939866
TI  - Magnetic field effects on the optical spectrum of the quasi-one-dimensional
      ferromagnet CsFeCl3.

PMID- 9939865
TI  - Temperature-dependent cubic-lattice-model simulation of polymer-chain dynamics.

PMID- 9939867
TI  - Background fluctuations and Wegner corrections.

PMID- 9939868
TI  - Finite cutoff and higher transient effects on critical behavior.

PMID- 9939869
TI  - Intermediate phase between the alpha and beta phases of quartz.

PMID- 9939871
TI  - Erratum: Fermi-liquid theory of a pair of interacting Anderson impurities

PMID- 9939870
TI  - Reply to "Intermediate phase between the alpha and beta phases of quartz"

PMID- 9939873
TI  - Erratum: Phenomenological trends for heavy Fermi liquids and narrow-band metals

PMID- 9939872
TI  - Erratum: Anisotropic Heisenberg interface between Ising bulk ferromagnets: A
      renormalization-group approach

PMID- 9939874
TI  - Cross-section analysis of surface and bulk phonons by electron scattering from
      Cu(100).

PMID- 9939875
TI  - Internal field distribution on Au in the Au-Fe system in the limit of very small
      concentration.

PMID- 9939876
TI  - Epitaxial regrowth of an InAs surface on InP: An example of artificial surfaces.

PMID- 9939877
TI  - Stacking structure and superconductivity in ruthenium-iridium bicrystal
      superlattices.

PMID- 9939878
TI  - Resistance oscillations in a Josephson-junction array in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9939879
TI  - Evidence for a reversible structural transformation in the metallic glass
      Co58Ni10Fe5B16 Si11.

PMID- 9939880
TI  - Novel ordering in the XY spin glass.

PMID- 9939881
TI  - Pressure dependence of proton glass freezing in Rb1-x(NH4)xH2PO4.

PMID- 9939882
TI  - Fractal clustering of reactants on a catalyst surface.

PMID- 9939883
TI  - Global scaling properties of the spectrum for a quasiperiodic Schrodinger
      equation.

PMID- 9939884
TI  - Role of fluctuations in determining finite-size effects in a system undergoing a
      phase transition.

PMID- 9939885
TI  - Model with roughening transition at low temperatures.

PMID- 9939886
TI  - Thermodynamics of first-order and continuous melting of xenon on graphite.

PMID- 9939888
TI  - Monte Carlo study of Ising spin dynamics on a fractal lattice.

PMID- 9939887
TI  - Nonwetting growth and cluster formation of CF4 on graphite.

PMID- 9939889
TI  - Thermodynamics of a ferroelastic phase transition.

PMID- 9939890
TI  - Response of a purely dissipative incommensurate chain to large driving pulses.

PMID- 9939891
TI  - Electronic structures of amorphous Ni1-xPx glasses.

PMID- 9939892
TI  - Orbital forces and chemical bonding in density-functional theory: Application to
      first-row dimers.

PMID- 9939893
TI  - Electron liquid at any degeneracy.

PMID- 9939894
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of continuous-space crystal growth.

PMID- 9939895
TI  - Calculation of impurity-vacancy and impurity-impurity interactions from
      enhancement of solvent and solute diffusion.

PMID- 9939896
TI  - Direct measurement of kinetic data by time-resolved high-resolution electron
      energy-loss spectroscopy.

PMID- 9939898
TI  - Perturbation-theory method of calculating the energies and excitation energies of
      atomic, molecular, and solid-state systems.

PMID- 9939897
TI  - Regular-dimerized stack and neutral-ionic interfaces in mixed-stack organic
      charge-transfer crystals.

PMID- 9939899
TI  - Transport equation for weakly localized electrons.

PMID- 9939900
TI  - Density-functional calculation of the fragmentation of doubly ionized spherical
      jelliumlike metallic microparticles.

PMID- 9939901
TI  - Transport of electron-hole plasma in germanium.

PMID- 9939902
TI  - Nonanalytic behavior of ultrasonic attenuation in disordered electronic systems.

PMID- 9939903
TI  - Electronic configuration of cerium in amorphous alloys investigated by x-ray
      absorption spectroscopy.

PMID- 9939904
TI  - L2,3-M4,5M4,5 Auger-electron spectra of the metallic elements 47Ag to 51Sb: An
      analysis of the main and satellite structures.

PMID- 9939905
TI  - Structural calculations for bulk As.

PMID- 9939906
TI  - Electronic structure of the (2 x 2)C rho 4g carbidic phase on Ni{100}

PMID- 9939908
TI  - Inertial dynamics of pinned charge-density-wave condensates. I. NbSe3.

PMID- 9939907
TI  - Acoustic and electronic properties of one-dimensional quasicrystals.

PMID- 9939909
TI  - Inertial dynamics of pinned charge-density-wave condensates. II. Orthorhombic
      TaS3.

PMID- 9939910
TI  - Photoelectron and bremsstrahlung spectra of Ce metals.

PMID- 9939911
TI  - Grain-boundary energies in metals from local-electron-density distributions.

PMID- 9939913
TI  - Localization in three-dimensional systems by a Gaussian random potential.

PMID- 9939912
TI  - Observation of two surface-plasmon modes on gold particles.

PMID- 9939914
TI  - Superposition-model analyses for the Cr3+ 4A2 ground state.

PMID- 9939915
TI  - Influence of exciton motion on the shape of optical absorption lines:
      Applications to vibrations at surfaces.

PMID- 9939916
TI  - Bulk band structure of chromium.

PMID- 9939917
TI  - Dynamic properties and Debye temperatures of bulk Au and Au clusters studied
      using extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure spectroscopy.

PMID- 9939918
TI  - Electronic structure of ferromagnetic iron: Band structure and optical
      properties.

PMID- 9939919
TI  - Generalization of the Lloyd model for calculation of electronic structure at
      disordered interfaces.

PMID- 9939920
TI  - Schottky-barrier heights of Ti and TiSi2 on n-type and p-type Si(100).

PMID- 9939921
TI  - Electron transport and pressure coefficients associated with the L1C and Delta 1C
      minima of germanium.

PMID- 9939922
TI  - Atomic configuration of hydrogenated and clean Si(110) surfaces.

PMID- 9939923
TI  - Recursion method in the k-space representation.

PMID- 9939924
TI  - Matrix atomic losses and oxygen incorporation under ruby-laser irradiation of
      silicon in gaseous atmospheres.

PMID- 9939925
TI  - Possible identification of zinc-vacancy-donor-impurity complexes in zinc
      telluride by optically detected magnetic resonance.

PMID- 9939926
TI  - Surface and bulk electronic structure of Ge(111) c(2 x 8) and Ge(111):As 1 x 1.

PMID- 9939927
TI  - Calculation of carrier capture time of a quantum well in graded-index separate
      confinement heterostructures.

PMID- 9939928
TI  - Landau-level broadening due to electron-phonon interaction in multiple-quantum
      well structures.

PMID- 9939929
TI  - Initial stages of the Schottky-barrier formation for an abrupt Al-GaAs(100)
      interface.

PMID- 9939931
TI  - Effect of static charge on the infrared spectrum of amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9939932
TI  - Time-resolved reflectivity measurements on silicon and germanium using a pulsed
      excimer KrF laser heating beam.

PMID- 9939930
TI  - Mobility in a quasi-one-dimensional semiconductor: An analytical approach.

PMID- 9939934
TI  - Relationship between path-integral and scaling theories of small polarons.

PMID- 9939933
TI  - Zone folding, morphogenesis of charge densities, and the role of periodicity in
      GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs (001) superlattices.

PMID- 9939935
TI  - Density-of-states investigation of C8K and occurrence of the interlayer band.

PMID- 9939936
TI  - Minimal basis sets in the linear muffin-tin orbital method: Application to the
      diamond-structure crystals C, Si, and Ge.

PMID- 9939937
TI  - Absorption and emission of radiation by plasmons in two-dimensional electron-gas
      disks.

PMID- 9939939
TI  - Threshold energy for atomic displacement in InP.

PMID- 9939938
TI  - Temperature dependence of the dielectric function and the interband critical
      points of CdSe.

PMID- 9939940
TI  - Photoconductivity and light-induced change in a-Si:H.

PMID- 9939942
TI  - Extended-state mobility and its relation to the tail-state distribution in a
      Si:H.

PMID- 9939941
TI  - Spectroscopy of a high-mobility GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs one-side-modulation-doped quantum
      well.

PMID- 9939943
TI  - Theory of well-width-dependent periodic variation in photoluminescence from
      AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9939944
TI  - Indirect band gap and band alignment for coherently strained SixGe1-x bulk alloys
      on germanium (001) substrates.

PMID- 9939945
TI  - Temperature-dependent absorption of aromatic molecules on silicon.

PMID- 9939947
TI  - Electroabsorption measurements of interfaces in a-Si:H/a-SiOx:H and a-Si:H/a
      SiNx:H multilayer films.

PMID- 9939946
TI  - Electronic structure of the carbon vacancy in NbC.

PMID- 9939948
TI  - Valence-bond theory of off-center impurities in silicon: Substitutional nitrogen.

PMID- 9939949
TI  - Exciton linewidth in semiconducting quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9939950
TI  - Thermodynamics of strain-confined paraexcitons in Cu2O.

PMID- 9939951
TI  - Voltage-induced anomalies in the coplanar conductance of amorphous semiconductor
      insulator multilayers.

PMID- 9939952
TI  - Optical properties of pure and ultraheavily doped germanium: Theory and
      experiment.

PMID- 9939954
TI  - Modeling of nonequilibrium melting and solidification in laser-irradiated
      materials.

PMID- 9939953
TI  - Excitation spectroscopy of the In-related isoelectronic bound exciton under
      uniaxial stress and magnetic-field perturbations.

PMID- 9939955
TI  - Effect of screening on the optical absorption of a two-dimensional electron gas
      in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures.

PMID- 9939956
TI  - Elastic anomalies in (V1-xCrx)2O3: Electron-transfer effects.

PMID- 9939957
TI  - Recursion method applied to a finite GaP cluster.

PMID- 9939959
TI  - Relativistic corrections to the Fermi energy in s-dimensional semiconductors.

PMID- 9939958
TI  - Effect of hydrostatic pressure and alloy composition on sulfur- and selenium
      related impurity states in heavily doped n-type GaxIn1-xSb.

PMID- 9939960
TI  - Pseudofunction method: Application to a monolayer of CO and to the Si(111)
      surface.

PMID- 9939961
TI  - Theory of the DX center in AlxGa1-xAs and GaAs crystals.

PMID- 9939962
TI  - Configuration-interaction calculations on the fractional quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9939963
TI  - Thermodynamic properties of an interacting two-dimensional electron gas in a
      strong magnetic field.

PMID- 9939964
TI  - Excitation and ionization of Mo and W in GaAs.

PMID- 9939965
TI  - Electronic structure and positron states at vacancies in Si and GaAs.

PMID- 9939966
TI  - Initial stage of thermal oxidation of the Si(111)-(7 x 7) surface.

PMID- 9939967
TI  - Exciton dynamics in highly excited CdSe studied by picosecond gain-absorption
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9939968
TI  - Phonon-fracton anharmonic interactions: The thermal conductivity of amorphous
      materials.

PMID- 9939969
TI  - Thermal quenching of chromium photoluminescence in ordered perovskites. I.
      Temperature dependence of spectra and lifetimes.

PMID- 9939970
TI  - Thermal quenching of chromium photoluminescence in ordered perovskites. II.
      Theoretical models.

PMID- 9939971
TI  - Lattice dynamics of the A15 compound Mo3Si.

PMID- 9939973
TI  - Phase separation and dynamical scaling in borate glasses.

PMID- 9939972
TI  - Dispersion of surface polaritons in uniaxial Al2O3.

PMID- 9939974
TI  - Lattice dynamics and phonon line shapes in 36Ar at high temperatures.

PMID- 9939975
TI  - Localized nature of the chemisorption bond: Configuration-interaction
      calculations of the chemisorption energies for Lin-H systems employing various
      localization procedures.

PMID- 9939976
TI  - Overlap interactions and bonding in ionic solids.

PMID- 9939978
TI  - Elastic and photoelastic anisotropy of solid HF at high pressure.

PMID- 9939977
TI  - Long-range interaction between rare-gas atoms or simple molecules and the
      surfaces of LiF, CaF2, sapphire, and BN.

PMID- 9939979
TI  - Polaronic states in a slab of a polar crystal.

PMID- 9939981
TI  - Methane adsorbed on graphite. III. The bilayer and trilayer.

PMID- 9939980
TI  - Dynamics of rare-gas floating monolayers in the self-consistent phonon theory.

PMID- 9939982
TI  - Scattering of helium atoms from rare-gas-plated graphite.

PMID- 9939983
TI  - Low-energy electron diffraction study of submonolayer mixtures of carbon monoxide
      and nitrogen with argon physisorbed on graphite.

PMID- 9939984
TI  - Formation of phonon-focusing caustics in crystals.

PMID- 9939985
TI  - Parametrization of the relaxation time in crystalline graphite.

PMID- 9939986
TI  - Anharmonicity and x-ray forbidden reflections in V3Si.

PMID- 9939988
TI  - Coulomb pseudopotential in some disordered Zr-based alloys.

PMID- 9939987
TI  - L2,3 absorption edges in Ni2Si.

PMID- 9939990
TI  - Electromagnetic properties of small metallic spheres: Diffuse surface scattering.

PMID- 9939989
TI  - Temperature-dependent far-infrared absorption of silver smoke.

PMID- 9939991
TI  - Coverage dependence of the work function of metals upon alkali-metal adsorption.

PMID- 9939992
TI  - Determination of surface-polariton minigaps on grating structures: A comparison
      between constant-frequency and constant-angle scans.

PMID- 9939993
TI  - Twin-boundary energies and entropies in simple metals: A constant-pressure Monte
      Carlo calculation.

PMID- 9939995
TI  - Optical phonon frequencies in the quaternary CdTe1-x-ySexSy mixed system.

PMID- 9939994
TI  - Energy dissipation processes in scanning tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9939996
TI  - Size dependence in small-system calculations for fractional quantum Hall states.

PMID- 9939998
TI  - Exciton absorption tails in one-dimensional systems.

PMID- 9939997
TI  - Optical properties of amorphous multilayer structures.

PMID- 9939999
TI  - Photoconductivity and optical absorption coefficients near the band edge of
      phenazine-tetracyanoquinodimethane.

PMID- 9940000
TI  - Spin-orbit splitting in semiconductors and insulators from the ab initio
      pseudopotential.

PMID- 9940001
TI  - Heterojunctions: Definite breakdown of the electron affinity rule.

PMID- 9940002
TI  - Spin-reversed quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall effect: Many-body
      approach.

PMID- 9940003
TI  - Chaos in inelastic light scattering in dielectric crystals.

PMID- 9940004
TI  - Polarization of the x-ray-induced blue luminescence in quartz.

PMID- 9940005
TI  - Two-photon spectroscopy in KCl:Eu2+

PMID- 9940006
TI  - Directional Compton profiles and autocorrelation function of magnesium oxide.

PMID- 9940007
TI  - Specific heat of melanin at temperatures below 3 K.

PMID- 9940008
TI  - Surface states of ordered Au, Ag, and Cu overlayers on Si(111) studied by inverse
      photoemission.

PMID- 9940009
TI  - New type of surface atomic vibrational modes of the (100) surface of the NaCl
      type lattice.

PMID- 9940010
TI  - Multiple-scattering approach to the propagation of electromagnetic waves in
      heterogeneous media.

PMID- 9940012
TI  - Transition to Ohmic conduction in ultrasmall tunnel junctions.

PMID- 9940011
TI  - Erratum: Observation of the Nyquist phase-coherence time in thin Au-Pd wires

PMID- 9940013
TI  - Structure and magnetism of quasicrystalline and crystalline Al1-xMnx alloys.

PMID- 9940015
TI  - Characterization of the heavy-fermion system CeCu6 by high-energy electron
      spectroscopies.

PMID- 9940014
TI  - Induced torque of sodium.

PMID- 9940016
TI  - Final-state screening of core holes in metals.

PMID- 9940018
TI  - Structural changes in the discommensurate distortion waves of NbTe4 on cooling.

PMID- 9940017
TI  - Surface structural determination for a weakly ordered and a disordered phase of
      Cl on Ag(111).

PMID- 9940019
TI  - Time-differential perturbed-angular-correlation study of the electric field
      gradient in amorphous Zr68Hf

PMID- 9940020
TI  - Quasicrystalline transformation by ion irradiation.

PMID- 9940021
TI  - Triplet solitonic excitations in trans-polyacetylene.

PMID- 9940022
TI  - Photoluminescence line shape of excitons in alloy semiconductors.

PMID- 9940023
TI  - Two-dimensional density of states in the extreme quantum limit.

PMID- 9940025
TI  - Effect of quantum hopping on the Coulomb gap of localized electrons in disordered
      systems.

PMID- 9940024
TI  - Statistical model for inhomogeneities in a two-dimensional electron gas implying
      a background density of states between Landau levels.

PMID- 9940026
TI  - Polarization dependence of Si(111)-2 x 1 surface-phonon and surface-state
      excitations.

PMID- 9940028
TI  - Si(111)7 x 7-Ge and Si(111)5 x 5-Ge surfaces studied with angle-resolved
      photoemission.

PMID- 9940027
TI  - Angle-resolved photoelectron-spectroscopy study of the Si(111) sqrt 3-bar x sqrt
      3-bar-Sn surface: Comparison with Ssi(111) sqrt 3-bar x sqrt 3-bar-Al, -Ga, and 
      In surfaces.

PMID- 9940029
TI  - Integral quantum Hall effect in superlattices.

PMID- 9940031
TI  - Effective mass of a space-charge layer on GaAs in a parallel magnetic field.

PMID- 9940030
TI  - Systematic investigation of picosecond photoinduced absorption in hydrogenated
      amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9940033
TI  - Raman scattering involving umklapp processes in Si/GexSi1-x superlattices.

PMID- 9940032
TI  - Thermal equilibration in doped amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9940034
TI  - Microscopic wave functions for the fractional quantized Hall states at nu =2/3
      and 2/7.

PMID- 9940036
TI  - Edge effects in Auger spectroscopy for the early transition metals.

PMID- 9940035
TI  - Nonradiative-recombination-enhanced defect-structure trans- formation in low
      temperature gamma -ray-irradiated InP.

PMID- 9940037
TI  - Incident beam effects in angle-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy.

PMID- 9940039
TI  - Production of energetic positronium at metal surfaces.

PMID- 9940038
TI  - EPR study of vanadium (4+) in the anatase and rutile phases of TiO2.

PMID- 9940040
TI  - Range profiles of 25-100-keV neon ions in eleven elemental solids.

PMID- 9940041
TI  - EPR of Mn2+ in Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2

PMID- 9940043
TI  - Cluster distribution in paraelectric KH2AsO4. I. Dispersion of the proton spin
      lattice relaxation time.

PMID- 9940042
TI  - Electron-nuclear double-resonance experiments in hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9940044
TI  - Cluster distribution in paraelectric KH2AsO4. II. 75As spin-spin and spin-lattice
      relaxation.

PMID- 9940046
TI  - Observation of a fluxon-antifluxon collision in a Josephson transmission line.

PMID- 9940045
TI  - Two-photon absorption in lanthanide complexes.

PMID- 9940047
TI  - Strongly disordered superfluids: Quantum fluctuations and critical behavior.

PMID- 9940048
TI  - Field-induced reentrant superconductivity in the Heusler alloy system Pd2Y1
      xDyxSn.

PMID- 9940049
TI  - Properties of superconducting high-pressure phases of silicon.

PMID- 9940050
TI  - Superconductivity in sulfur-based organic superconductors: A volume property.

PMID- 9940051
TI  - New phase diagram in superconducting superlattices.

PMID- 9940052
TI  - Renormalization and phase transitions in Potts phi3-field theory with quadratic
      and trilinear symmetry breaking.

PMID- 9940054
TI  - Antiferromagnetic planar-rotator model under hn fields.

PMID- 9940053
TI  - Phase transitions in two-dimensional uniformly frustrated XY spin systems.

PMID- 9940055
TI  - Ferromagnetic resonance studies of very thin cobalt films on a gold substrate.

PMID- 9940056
TI  - Thermal behavior of the two-exciton bands in MnF2 and RbMnF3.

PMID- 9940057
TI  - Correlations in the two-dimensional random-field Ising model.

PMID- 9940058
TI  - Spin-glass transition in amorphous Tb-Si films.

PMID- 9940059
TI  - Connection between world-line and determinantal functional-integral formulations
      of the Hubbard model.

PMID- 9940060
TI  - Correlated random walks on two-sublattice systems. I. Theory.

PMID- 9940061
TI  - Correlated random walks on two-sublattice systems. II. Monte Carlo simulations.

PMID- 9940063
TI  - Degeneracy and quantum effects in the Hubbard model.

PMID- 9940062
TI  - Ethylene on graphite: Heats of adsorption and phase diagram.

PMID- 9940064
TI  - Wetting of a binary liquid mixture on glass.

PMID- 9940065
TI  - Anisotropy of critical correlations in moderately delocalized cerium and actinide
      systems.

PMID- 9940066
TI  - Heavy-fermion state in the Anderson lattice.

PMID- 9940068
TI  - Randomly closed Cayley trees and fractal dimensionality.

PMID- 9940067
TI  - Soliton diffusion in polyacetylene: Memory-function formalism.

PMID- 9940070
TI  - Magneto-optical study of the spin freezing in Hg1-xMnxTe semimagnetic
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9940069
TI  - High resolution electron microscopy of the triply incommensurate phase of 2H
      TaSe2.

PMID- 9940071
TI  - Nature of the surface-reconstruction phase transition and the high-temperature
      phase of clean W(001).

PMID- 9940072
TI  - Model study of the effect of surface steps and adsorbate-induced perturbations on
      the clean W(001) reconstruction transition.

PMID- 9940073
TI  - Phonons, phasons, and dislocations in quasicrystals.

PMID- 9940074
TI  - Multiatom interactions in the fcc Ising binary alloy: Low-temperature behavior
      and Monte Carlo simulations.

PMID- 9940075
TI  - Thermodynamics of field-induced spin-density-wave states in Bechgaard salts. II.

PMID- 9940077
TI  - Directional solidification with buoyancy in systems with small segregation
      coefficient.

PMID- 9940076
TI  - Quantum Monte Carlo and transfer-matrix calculations for one-dimensional easy
      plane ferromagnets.

PMID- 9940078
TI  - Holographic interference electron microscopy for determining specimen magnetic
      structure and thickness distribution.

PMID- 9940079
TI  - Distribution of shortest path lengths in percolation on a hierarchical lattice.

PMID- 9940080
TI  - epsilon expansion for transport exponents of continuum percolating systems.

PMID- 9940081
TI  - Spin dynamics of bound magnetic polarons in antiferromagnetic semiconductors.

PMID- 9940082
TI  - Series analysis of randomly diluted nonlinear resistor networks.

PMID- 9940083
TI  - Resistance of random Kronig-Penney potentials and the effects of phase-disrupting
      collisions.

PMID- 9940084
TI  - Conductivity of dispersed ionic conductors: A percolation model with two critical
      points.

PMID- 9940085
TI  - Superconductivity and magnetism of bcc Cr-Ru alloys.

PMID- 9940086
TI  - Percolative conduction in iodine-sulfur melts.

PMID- 9940088
TI  - Arrott-plot criterion for ferromagnetism in disordered systems.

PMID- 9940087
TI  - Structure-sensitive magnetic properties of reentrant Ni78Mn22.

PMID- 9940089
TI  - Enhanced transient effects due to saturated absorption of recoilless gamma
      radiation.

PMID- 9940090
TI  - Quantum specific heat of the easy-plane ferromagnetic chain: Application to
      CsNiF3 and (C6H

PMID- 9940091
TI  - Improved upper bounds on the critical temperature of the 1/n2 Ising spin chain.

PMID- 9940092
TI  - Reanalysis of "Dilute random-field Ising models and uniform-field
      antiferromagnets"

PMID- 9940093
TI  - Estimation of electron mobilities near the critical point in simple nonpolar
      fluids.

PMID- 9940094
TI  - Erratum: Spin waves and spin diffusion in Fermi liquids: Bounds on effective
      diffusion coefficients

PMID- 9940095
TI  - Evaporative cooling of magnetically trapped and compressed spin-polarized
      hydrogen.

PMID- 9940097
TI  - Optically detected magnetic resonance and spin coherence of self-trapped hole
      centers in an excited spin-quartet state in calcium oxide.

PMID- 9940096
TI  - Competition between the charge-density-wave and singlet-superconducting phases in
      a quasi-one-dimensional system.

PMID- 9940098
TI  - Effects of spin-orbit interaction and crystal fields on superconducting p-wave
      pair states and their collective excitations in cubic systems.

PMID- 9940099
TI  - Phase fluctuations in Josephson junctions.

PMID- 9940100
TI  - Effect of dissipation on the phase transition in granular superconductors.

PMID- 9940101
TI  - Parallel nucleation field in thin superconducting films.

PMID- 9940102
TI  - Bulk superconductivity of Hg3- delta AsF6.

PMID- 9940103
TI  - Analytic solution for fluxons in a long Josephson junction with surface losses.

PMID- 9940104
TI  - Hysteresis in rf-driven large-area Josephson junctions.

PMID- 9940105
TI  - Static and dynamic critical phenomena in Fe1-xZnxF2.

PMID- 9940107
TI  - Excited states and the metal-insulator transition in monovalent systems.

PMID- 9940106
TI  - Crystallization of icosahedral phase from glassy Pd-U-Si alloys.

PMID- 9940108
TI  - Experimental evidence for predicted universal behavior in low-temperature Kondo
      lattices.

PMID- 9940109
TI  - Minimal spanning tree: A new approach for studying order and disorder.

PMID- 9940110
TI  - Pressure-temperature phase boundaries in KC24: Evidence for a kinetically
      hindered low-temperature staging transition.

PMID- 9940112
TI  - Nonuniversality of diffusion exponents in percolation systems.

PMID- 9940111
TI  - Crossover from a hexatic phase to a single first-order transition in a Laplacian
      roughening model for two-dimensional melting.

PMID- 9940113
TI  - Change from diverging to finite susceptibility below Tc of the Heisenberg
      ferromagnet EuS.

PMID- 9940115
TI  - Wetting in two-dimensional systems with axially competing interactions.

PMID- 9940114
TI  - Relaxational dynamics for a class of disordered ultrametric models.

PMID- 9940116
TI  - Random walks on Cayley trees as models for relaxation in a hierarchical system.

PMID- 9940117
TI  - Maximum-entropy method for electronic properties of alloys.

PMID- 9940118
TI  - Electronic structure of chromium and manganese impurities in copper.

PMID- 9940119
TI  - Electronic structure of gold: An angle-resolved photoemission study along the
      Lambda line.

PMID- 9940120
TI  - Effect of stacking faults on diffraction: The structure of lithium metal.

PMID- 9940122
TI  - Dipolar interactions between dangling bonds at the (111) Si-SiO2 interface.

PMID- 9940121
TI  - Electronic surface states in beryllium.

PMID- 9940124
TI  - Dynamic localization of a charged particle moving under the influence of an
      electric field.

PMID- 9940123
TI  - Valence bands of KHgC4 and KHgC8.

PMID- 9940125
TI  - Density matrix of interacting boson-fermion systems as functional integrals in
      the holomorphic representation.

PMID- 9940127
TI  - Mean-field approximation for the molecular polaron with q2 coupling.

PMID- 9940126
TI  - Functional integral for the molecular polaron with q2 coupling.

PMID- 9940128
TI  - Topological constraints on quasicrystal transformations.

PMID- 9940129
TI  - High-resolution inverse-photoemission study of the Pd(111) surface.

PMID- 9940130
TI  - Localization by electric fields in one-dimensional tight-binding systems.

PMID- 9940132
TI  - Unified theory of segregated-stack organic charge-transfer solids: Magnetic
      properties.

PMID- 9940131
TI  - Azimuthal dependence of angle-resolved photoemission cross section from adsorbate
      induced initial states.

PMID- 9940134
TI  - Chemical effect on K beta :K alpha x-ray intensity ratios.

PMID- 9940133
TI  - Local-field corrections for sum-frequency generation from centrosymmetric media.

PMID- 9940136
TI  - Electromagnetic response of an array of particles: Normal-mode theory.

PMID- 9940135
TI  - Golden-rule approach to the soft-x-ray-absorption problem. IV. Numerical
      analysis.

PMID- 9940137
TI  - X-ray-photoemission-spectroscopy and bremsstrahlung-isochromat-spectroscopy study
      of the (Y,U)B4 system.

PMID- 9940138
TI  - Interaction of oxygen with sodium at 80 and 20 K.

PMID- 9940139
TI  - Self-consistent model of hydrogen chemisorption on ferromagnetic transition
      metals.

PMID- 9940140
TI  - Overlap integral between two electron clouds at different sites.

PMID- 9940142
TI  - Photoemission from small palladium clusters supported on various substrates.

PMID- 9940143
TI  - Importance of vertex corrections for obtaining correct selection rules in the
      theory of photoemission.

PMID- 9940141
TI  - Theory of the dc conductivity for the two-dimensional superionic conductor
      AgCrS2.

PMID- 9940144
TI  - Adsorbate-geometry determination by measurement and analysis of angle-resolved
      photoemission extended-fine-structure data: Application to c(2 x 2)S/Ni(001).

PMID- 9940145
TI  - Electron-positron density-functional theory.

PMID- 9940146
TI  - Atom-phonon interactions studied using a consistent quantum treatment.

PMID- 9940147
TI  - Defect states in substoichiometric tantalum carbide.

PMID- 9940148
TI  - Electronic and vibrational modes on a Penrose lattice: Localized states and band
      structure.

PMID- 9940150
TI  - Magnetic properties of binary intermetallic Zintl phases of the B32 type.

PMID- 9940149
TI  - Practical implementation and remaining problems for the film linearized muffin
      tin orbital calculation of surface electronic structure.

PMID- 9940152
TI  - Screened electromagnetic propagators in nonlocal metal optics.

PMID- 9940151
TI  - Electronic structure of ScN.

PMID- 9940153
TI  - Optical properties of oxidized granular silver.

PMID- 9940154
TI  - Self-similar ground-state wave function for electrons on a two-dimensional
      Penrose lattice.

PMID- 9940155
TI  - Molecular-dynamics simulation of silicon clusters.

PMID- 9940156
TI  - Valence-band coupling and Fano-resonance effects on the excitonic spectrum in
      undoped quantum wells.

PMID- 9940157
TI  - Thermalization of photoexcited localized excitons in GaSe samples with stacking
      disorder.

PMID- 9940158
TI  - Theory of cyclotron resonance of a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas in a
      quantum well.

PMID- 9940159
TI  - Self-consistent calculations of depletion- and accumulation-layer profiles in n
      type GaAs.

PMID- 9940160
TI  - Imaging of large-k phonons in InSb.

PMID- 9940162
TI  - X-ray vibrational studies on (100)-oriented CdTe crystals as a function of the
      temperature (8-350 K).

PMID- 9940163
TI  - Analysis of electromagnetic modes of aluminum-aluminum-oxide-gold tunnel
      junctions.

PMID- 9940161
TI  - Field-induced exchange effects in (Cd,Mn)Te and (Cd,Mn)Se from photoluminescence
      measurements.

PMID- 9940164
TI  - Surface vibrational spectroscopy studies of aromatic-molecule fragmentation on
      silicon surfaces.

PMID- 9940165
TI  - Vibronic coupling and the near-infrared spectrum of Fe2+ in CdTe and ZnS.

PMID- 9940167
TI  - Soft-x-ray photoemission study of Cr-Ge intermixing on crystalline and amorphous
      Ge surfaces.

PMID- 9940166
TI  - Magneto-optics in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9940168
TI  - Electric-field-induced Raman scattering: Resonance, temperature, and screening
      effects.

PMID- 9940170
TI  - Calculation of the mobility and the Hall factor for doped p-type silicon.

PMID- 9940169
TI  - Polar-optical-phonon contribution to the damping of the magnetophonon
      oscillations in multiple-quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9940171
TI  - Irradiation-induced defects in p-type GaAs.

PMID- 9940172
TI  - Crystalline As2Se3: Electronic and geometric structure.

PMID- 9940173
TI  - Ultrasonic attenuation in electron-hole liquids.

PMID- 9940174
TI  - Recombination at dangling bonds and steady-state photoconductivity in a-Si:H.

PMID- 9940175
TI  - Co1+(3d8) double acceptor state in GaAs.

PMID- 9940176
TI  - Electronic structure of generic semiconductors: Antifluorite silicide and III-V
      compounds.

PMID- 9940177
TI  - Effect of the Mn-Mn exchange interaction on the high-field magnetoresistance and
      magnetization in n-type Hg1-x-yCdxMnyTe.

PMID- 9940178
TI  - Surface generation and detection of phonons by picosecond light pulses.

PMID- 9940179
TI  - Solitons, polarons, and phonons in the infinite polyyne chain.

PMID- 9940180
TI  - Photoemission spectroscopy of Yb3Si5 and its connection with Si-Yb interfaces.

PMID- 9940181
TI  - Theory of pressure effects on nonradiative capture.

PMID- 9940183
TI  - Electronic structure of hydrogenated fluorinated amorphous GaAs alloys.

PMID- 9940182
TI  - Stark-Wannier resonances and delocalization in one-dimensional incommensurate
      systems with a finite electric field.

PMID- 9940184
TI  - Condon domains in the two-dimensional electron gas. I. Domain-to-vortex
      transition.

PMID- 9940185
TI  - Condon domains in the two-dimensional electron gas. II. Charging effects.

PMID- 9940186
TI  - Condon domains in the two-dimensional electron gas. III. Dynamical effects.

PMID- 9940188
TI  - FA(Li) centers in mixed crystals of alkali halides.

PMID- 9940187
TI  - Magnetoresistance and Hall effect near the metal-insulator transition of Cd1
      xMnxSe.

PMID- 9940189
TI  - Laser-excited site-selective spectroscopy of Eu3+ in sphene (CaTiSiO5) and
      glasses and glass ceramics of the sodium-calcium-aluminum titanosilicate system.

PMID- 9940191
TI  - Thermodynamic character of the vibron frequencies and equation of state in dense,
      high-temperature, fluid N2.

PMID- 9940190
TI  - Laser-induced refractive-index gratings in Eu-doped glasses.

PMID- 9940192
TI  - Relaxation effects in graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9940193
TI  - Anticorrelation between yields of recombination luminescence and recombination
      induced defect formation in alkali-metal halides.

PMID- 9940194
TI  - Dielectric parameters of alkali halides.

PMID- 9940196
TI  - Quantitative approach to the off-center model in CuCl.

PMID- 9940195
TI  - Raman and infrared spectra of the incommensurate crystal Na2CO3.

PMID- 9940198
TI  - Calculation of the mobility of electrons injected in liquid xenon.

PMID- 9940197
TI  - X-ray-absorption study of CuBr at high pressure.

PMID- 9940199
TI  - Synchrotron-radiation-excited angle-resolved photoemission from single-crystal
      graphite.

PMID- 9940200
TI  - Low-temperature anomalies in the thermoelectric power of highly oriented
      graphite.

PMID- 9940201
TI  - Acoustic symmetry and vibrational anharmonicity of rhombohedral Pb5Ge3O11 and
      Pb4.7Ba0.3Ge3O11.

PMID- 9940203
TI  - Mutual influence of energy transfer and lattice phonons.

PMID- 9940202
TI  - Optical study of the K-point pi -band dispersion in graphite-H2SO4.

PMID- 9940204
TI  - dc transport in metals.

PMID- 9940206
TI  - Cutkosky rules for condensed-matter systems.

PMID- 9940205
TI  - Electronic and structural investigations of palladium clusters by x-ray
      absorption near-edge structure and extended x-ray absorption fine-structure
      spectroscopies.

PMID- 9940207
TI  - Thermal diffusivity measurement using the photopyroelectric effect.

PMID- 9940208
TI  - Inapplicability of the Sugiyama phase sum rule to very thin films.

PMID- 9940209
TI  - New high-energy approximation for x-ray-absorption near-edge structure.

PMID- 9940211
TI  - Stability of the EL2 center in GaAs under electron-hole recombination conditions.

PMID- 9940210
TI  - Vibrational dephasing of terminally bonded CO on Ru(001).

PMID- 9940212
TI  - Localized states in the barrier of superlattices.

PMID- 9940213
TI  - Evolution of the lattice spacing and damage in tantalum tritide.

PMID- 9940214
TI  - Investigations of the transverse bulk polaritons in uniaxial Al2O3 by infrared
      reflection.

PMID- 9940215
TI  - Annealing and relaxation in the high-pressure phase of amorphous SiO2.

PMID- 9940216
TI  - Erratum: One-body models for transport properties of valence fluctuators: Exact
      results

PMID- 9940217
TI  - Influence of the electron-electron interaction on the Aharonov-Bohm effect.

PMID- 9940218
TI  - Specific-heat anomaly of Au(110)(1 x 2) studied by low-energy electron
      diffraction.

PMID- 9940219
TI  - Induced-moment magnetic form factor of the heavy-fermion superconductors UPt3,
      UBe13, and CeCu2Si2.

PMID- 9940220
TI  - Temperature dependence of photoelectron scattering from a monolayer.

PMID- 9940222
TI  - Probability distributions in the scaling theory of localization.

PMID- 9940221
TI  - Quasiperiodic metallic multilayers: Growth and superconductivity.

PMID- 9940224
TI  - Density-functional theory for two noninteracting spinless fermions.

PMID- 9940223
TI  - Electron spectroscopy study of the growth of Mo on Al at low temperature:
      Relevance for cluster physics.

PMID- 9940225
TI  - Self-consistent Hartree-Fock and screened-exchange calculations in solids:
      Application to silicon.

PMID- 9940227
TI  - Population relaxation time of nonequilibrium LO phonons and electron-phonon
      interactions in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs multiple-quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9940226
TI  - Electron heating in a multiple-quantum-well structure below 1 K.

PMID- 9940228
TI  - States at epitaxial NiSi2/Si heterojunctions studied by deep-level transient
      spectroscopy and hydrogenation.

PMID- 9940229
TI  - 1/f noise in GaAs: Evidence of a new scale invariance.

PMID- 9940230
TI  - Quasi-two-dimensional excitons in a strongly localized regime in CdTe-ZnTe
      superlattices.

PMID- 9940231
TI  - Electronic g factor in Si inversion layers under parallel magnetic fields.

PMID- 9940233
TI  - Excess low-temperature specific heat in K0.3MoO3.

PMID- 9940232
TI  - Layer-thickness dependence of cw photoluminescence in single a-Si:H layers.

PMID- 9940234
TI  - Ionization of impurity bound states in the quantized Hall effect.

PMID- 9940235
TI  - Photofield-emission spectroscopy of bulk electronic states of tungsten.

PMID- 9940236
TI  - Channeling study of amorphous phase formation in Nisub3B by ion implantation.

PMID- 9940237
TI  - Anisotropic muonium with random hyperfine distortions: A new static relaxation
      theory.

PMID- 9940238
TI  - Temperature dependence of hyperfine magnetic fields in Fe-Ni.

PMID- 9940239
TI  - Inelastic gas-surface scattering. I. Formalism.

PMID- 9940240
TI  - Spin delocalization of interstitial iron in silicon.

PMID- 9940241
TI  - Dynamics of a disordered monatomic solid with continuous distribution of force
      constants.

PMID- 9940243
TI  - Theory of in situ measurement of wave-vector-dependent dynamic susceptibility and
      ESR spectroscopy using the ac Josephson effect.

PMID- 9940242
TI  - Determination of the electronic configuration of the ground state of iron dimer
      through analysis of 57mFe Mossbauer data.

PMID- 9940245
TI  - Superconductivity, normal-state resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility of
      amorphous Zr-Co alloys.

PMID- 9940244
TI  - Electron-phonon interactions and superconductivity in Si, Ge, and Sn.

PMID- 9940246
TI  - Superconductivity in the ternary rare-earth (Y, La, and Lu) compounds RPd2Si2 and
      RRh2Si2.

PMID- 9940247
TI  - Variational Monte Carlo calculations of ground states of liquid 4He and 3He
      drops.

PMID- 9940248
TI  - Inelastic electron-tunneling study of MgO barriers.

PMID- 9940249
TI  - Electronic phase transition and partially gapped Fermi surface in superconducting
      Lu5Ir4Si10.

PMID- 9940250
TI  - Magnetic field studies of superconducting UBe13 thin films.

PMID- 9940251
TI  - Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure observation of collinear ordering of Fe
      Sn-Fe atoms in the Chevrel-phase superconductor SnFe0.05Mo6S8.

PMID- 9940252
TI  - Gravity effects on first-sound velocity near T lambda (P) in liquid 4He.

PMID- 9940254
TI  - Jump in current at the gap voltage in a superconducting junction.

PMID- 9940253
TI  - Quasiparticle magnetospectroscopy and penetration-depth anisotropy in
      superconducting aluminum.

PMID- 9940256
TI  - Critical-velocity effects in vibrating superleaks: Vortex nucleation processes.

PMID- 9940255
TI  - Strain-dependent magnetic anomalies in doped UPt3.

PMID- 9940257
TI  - ESR study of the concentrated spin glass a-MnSi.

PMID- 9940258
TI  - Powder EPR study of the Jahn-Teller effect and phase transition in Cu2+:ZnTiF

PMID- 9940259
TI  - Multiscaling approach in random resistor and random superconducting networks.

PMID- 9940261
TI  - Crystal data for high-pressure phases of silicon.

PMID- 9940260
TI  - Magnetic properties of various crystalline phases and amorphous Al-Si-Mn and Al
      Mn alloys.

PMID- 9940262
TI  - Diffraction from quasicrystals: Geometric structure factor.

PMID- 9940264
TI  - Lattice distortions and short-range magnetic order in classical magnetoelastic
      Heisenberg chains.

PMID- 9940263
TI  - Thermodynamic study of monolayer methane on graphite.

PMID- 9940265
TI  - Critical behavior of the three-dimensional site-random Ising magnet: MnxZn1-xF2.

PMID- 9940266
TI  - Elastic neutron and x-ray scattering studies of the incommensurate gamma phase of
      (C3H7NH3)2MnCl4.

PMID- 9940267
TI  - Microscopic theory of elastic softening in beta -NaN3.

PMID- 9940269
TI  - Monte Carlo studies of the dynamical response of quantum many-body systems.

PMID- 9940268
TI  - Mossbauer study of the local atomic environments in metastable crystalline Fe-B
      alloys.

PMID- 9940270
TI  - Minimum wave-localization length in a one-dimensional random medium.

PMID- 9940272
TI  - Multicritical points in an Ising random-field model.

PMID- 9940271
TI  - Transverse susceptibility for Ising systems: Direct calculation from the local
      magnetic field distribution.

PMID- 9940273
TI  - Experimental evidence and theoretical criteria for a local-field rotational
      correlation length in metallic spin glasses.

PMID- 9940274
TI  - Spin-disorder resistivity and crystalline field effects in TmH2.

PMID- 9940275
TI  - Effect of Coulomb repulsion between localized and extended states in the Anderson
      model.

PMID- 9940276
TI  - Thermopower and low-dc-field magnetization study of the layered FexZrSe2
      compounds: Anderson-type localization and anisotropic spin-glass behavior.

PMID- 9940277
TI  - Critical behavior of a three-dimensional kinetic gelation model.

PMID- 9940278
TI  - Kinetics of phase transformation from PdSi to Pd2Si.

PMID- 9940279
TI  - Percolation at a surface: The surface fractal dimension.

PMID- 9940280
TI  - Phase transitions in a disordered granular superconductor near percolation.

PMID- 9940281
TI  - Short- and long-range correlations in the S=1/2 ferromagnetic chain system
      (C6D11ND3)CuBr3.

PMID- 9940282
TI  - Specific effect of hydrogen implantation in yttrium iron garnet and annealing
      behavior studied by conversion-electron Mossbauer spectroscopy.

PMID- 9940283
TI  - Unstable point domains in ferroelectrics.

PMID- 9940285
TI  - Determination of the 153Eu-151Eu quadrupole-moment ratio by excited-state
      optically detected nuclear magnetic resonance.

PMID- 9940284
TI  - Mean-field theory of structural phase transitions in the A'A"BX4-type compounds.

PMID- 9940287
TI  - f-wave correlations in superfluid 3He.

PMID- 9940288
TI  - Calculation of the pressure dependence of the superconducting transition
      temperature of aluminum.

PMID- 9940286
TI  - Magnetic field dependence of the critical superconducting current induced by the
      proximity effect in silicon.

PMID- 9940289
TI  - Calculation of magnetic transitions in RRh4B4 due to the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya
      Yosida interaction.

PMID- 9940290
TI  - Inverse-Cantor-bar model for the ac response of a rough interface.

PMID- 9940291
TI  - Effective dynamics in Monte Carlo simulations with multispin updatings.

PMID- 9940292
TI  - Internal structure of Neel lines in subdivided Bloch walls.

PMID- 9940293
TI  - Order of the phase transition in a three-dimensional Ising model with three-spin
      interactions.

PMID- 9940294
TI  - Order of phase transition for systems with multispin interactions: Monte Carlo
      simulations.

PMID- 9940295
TI  - Digital dynamics and chaotic behavior in Monte Carlo simulations of magnetic
      systems.

PMID- 9940297
TI  - Absence of small-scale structure in homogeneous superfluid turbulence.

PMID- 9940296
TI  - Spectral dimensionality and hyperscaling.

PMID- 9940298
TI  - Erratum: Electromagnetic absorption for a superconductor with states in the gap

PMID- 9940299
TI  - Electron-spin resonance in insulating doped semiconductors.

PMID- 9940300
TI  - Nonuniform local magnetism in Al-Mn quasicrystals.

PMID- 9940301
TI  - Upper critical field in anisotropic superconductors.

PMID- 9940302
TI  - Short-range order and phase diagram of a three-dimensional granular
      superconductor.

PMID- 9940304
TI  - Evidence for two superfluid transitions in 3He-4He films.

PMID- 9940303
TI  - Observation of inverse predissociation of spin-polarized atomic hydrogen at low
      temperatures.

PMID- 9940305
TI  - Threshold for superconductivity in ultrathin amorphous gallium films.

PMID- 9940307
TI  - Influence of spin-orbit scattering on the coexistence phase of the ferromagnetic
      superconductors ErRh4B4 and HoMo6S8.

PMID- 9940306
TI  - Effects of second sound on acoustic transmission at the solid-liquid 4He
      interface.

PMID- 9940309
TI  - Eigenfunctions of the small oscillations about the double-sine-Gordon kink.

PMID- 9940308
TI  - Random fields and the weakly first-order phase transition in superconductors.

PMID- 9940310
TI  - Higher-order phase field models and detailed anisotropy.

PMID- 9940311
TI  - Double-transition behavior induced by anisotropy.

PMID- 9940312
TI  - Low-temperature structural transition in KC24.

PMID- 9940314
TI  - Ferromagnetism, glassiness, and metastability in a dilute dipolar-coupled magnet.

PMID- 9940313
TI  - Theoretical explanation of the antiferromagnetic anisotropy in organic
      superconductors: A probe for the spin-density-wave amplitude and nesting vector.

PMID- 9940315
TI  - Self-trapping on a dimer: Time-dependent solutions of a discrete nonlinear
      Schrodinger equation.

PMID- 9940316
TI  - Quantum transverse Ising spin-glass model in the mean-field approximation.

PMID- 9940317
TI  - Yang-Lee edge singularity on fractals.

PMID- 9940318
TI  - Tunneling microscopy study of the graphite surface in air and water.

PMID- 9940320
TI  - Dynamical local-field factor in the response function of an electron gas.

PMID- 9940319
TI  - Lattice deformation in TaTx systems due to 3He production.

PMID- 9940321
TI  - First-principles study of the structural properties of alkali metals.

PMID- 9940322
TI  - Low-temperature polaron collision time.

PMID- 9940325
TI  - Hyperthermal alkali-ion scattering from a metal surface: A theoretical study of
      the potential.

PMID- 9940323
TI  - Positron-annihilation study of the half-metallic ferromagnet NiMnSb: Theory.

PMID- 9940324
TI  - Surface phonons of p(2 x 2) structures: The effect bond-stretching interactions.

PMID- 9940326
TI  - Localization problem and mapping of one-dimensional wave equations in random and
      quasiperiodic media.

PMID- 9940327
TI  - Void nucleation as a diffusive instability.

PMID- 9940328
TI  - Lattice thermal conductivity: A comparison of molecular dynamics and anharmonic
      lattice dynamics.

PMID- 9940329
TI  - Self-consistent calculation of electron-phonon couplings.

PMID- 9940330
TI  - Augmented partial sum rules for the analysis of optical data.

PMID- 9940332
TI  - Theoretical study of the molecular-to-nonmolecular transformation of nitrogen at
      high pressures.

PMID- 9940331
TI  - Soliton lattice structure and mid-gap band in nearly commensurate charge-density
      wave states. II. Self-similar band-structure and coupling-constant dependence.

PMID- 9940334
TI  - One- and two-hole excitation spectra of the Hubbard model in the non-half-filled
      case.

PMID- 9940333
TI  - Quantum adiabatic particle transport.

PMID- 9940335
TI  - Vibrational characteristics of silver clusters in surface-enhanced Raman
      scattering.

PMID- 9940336
TI  - Asymmetries in atomic intermixing at Au/Ge and Ge/Au interfaces.

PMID- 9940337
TI  - Identification of a metastable particle produced by electron-stimulated
      desorption: CO on W(100).

PMID- 9940339
TI  - Local order in quenched states of simple atomic substances.

PMID- 9940340
TI  - Analytical model for the dielectric response of brine-saturated rocks.

PMID- 9940338
TI  - Ligand-field theory of inductive effects in the photoelectron spectra of
      transition-metal compounds.

PMID- 9940342
TI  - Surface effects on the diamagnetic susceptibility and other properties of a low
      temperature electron gas.

PMID- 9940341
TI  - Investigation of the anisotropic deuterium ordering in alpha -LuD single crystals
      by resistivity and heat-capacity measurements.

PMID- 9940344
TI  - Role of electron-energy losses in bremsstrahlung isochromat spectroscopy.

PMID- 9940343
TI  - Numerical and analytic methods for the study of disordered alloy surfaces.

PMID- 9940345
TI  - Size-dependent valence change in small Pr, Nd, and Sm clusters isolated in solid
      Ar.

PMID- 9940346
TI  - Intraband and interband processes in the infrared spectrum of metallic aluminum.

PMID- 9940347
TI  - Phase shifts, image planes, and surface states at metal surfaces.

PMID- 9940348
TI  - Effective-range approximation for surface states in one dimension.

PMID- 9940349
TI  - Localization of electronic wave functions due to local topology.

PMID- 9940350
TI  - Disorder and coherence in heavy-fermion systems.

PMID- 9940351
TI  - Influence of the electron-phonon interaction on the Aharonov-Bohm effect.

PMID- 9940352
TI  - Angle-resolved x-ray photoemission from the valence bands of tungsten with high
      angular resolution and temperature variation.

PMID- 9940354
TI  - Application of the multiple-scattering X alpha self-consistent-field method to
      alloys: Fe-Te cluster.

PMID- 9940353
TI  - Exact results on optical bistability with surface plasmons in layered media.

PMID- 9940355
TI  - dc conductivity in one-dimensional incommensurate systems.

PMID- 9940357
TI  - Optical absorption edge in liquid semiconductor alloys Se1-xTlx.

PMID- 9940356
TI  - Illustration of the linear-muffin-tin-orbital tight-binding representation:
      Compact orbitals and charge density in Si.

PMID- 9940358
TI  - Self-consistent energy bands and formation energy of the (GaAs)1(AlAs)1(001)
      superlattice.

PMID- 9940359
TI  - Formation of localized electronic states in incommensurate one-dimensional charge
      density-wave systems due to phase and single-particle excitations.

PMID- 9940360
TI  - Chemical trends in the structural stability of binary crystals.

PMID- 9940361
TI  - Electronic structure of AlN.

PMID- 9940362
TI  - Plasmons in aperiodic structures.

PMID- 9940364
TI  - Momentum-dependent dielectric functions of oriented trans-polyacetylene.

PMID- 9940363
TI  - New technique in the calculation of defects in solids by molecular methods: Pure
      and Cu-doped ZnS.

PMID- 9940365
TI  - Effect of different cation-anion bond strengths on metal-ternary-semiconductor
      interface formation: Cu/Hg0.75Cd0.25Te and Cu/CdTe.

PMID- 9940366
TI  - Scanning tunneling microscopy of Si(001).

PMID- 9940367
TI  - Theory of the anharmonic damping and shift of the Raman mode in silicon.

PMID- 9940368
TI  - Optical properties of polytype semiconductor superlattices: Bulk and surface
      plasmons, Raman and electron-energy-loss spectra, and finite-size effects.

PMID- 9940369
TI  - High-pressure studies of luminescence from GaP and GaP:N diodes.

PMID- 9940370
TI  - Enhancement of Si oxidation by cerium overlayers and formation of cerium
      silicate.

PMID- 9940372
TI  - Electron correlation in semiconductors and insulators: Band gaps and
      quasiparticle energies.

PMID- 9940371
TI  - Phonon and plasmon deformation potentials of GaAs: Far-infrared study under
      uniaxial stress.

PMID- 9940373
TI  - Voltage-controlled dissipation in the quantum Hall effect in a laterally
      constricted two-dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9940374
TI  - Photoproduction of neutral soliton pairs in trans-(CH)x.

PMID- 9940375
TI  - Indirect exchange interaction between Mn2+ ions in Pb1-xMnxTe.

PMID- 9940376
TI  - Optical constants of palladium silicides measured by a multiple-wavelength
      ellipsometer.

PMID- 9940377
TI  - Subpicosecond plasma dynamics and absorption saturation in GaAs.

PMID- 9940378
TI  - Dispersive corrections to continuum elastic theory in cubic crystals.

PMID- 9940380
TI  - Mechanism of current modulation by optic phonons in heterojunction tunneling
      experiments.

PMID- 9940379
TI  - Electric-dipole spin resonance in n-type Cd1-xMnxSe.

PMID- 9940382
TI  - Raman scattering in the presence of photoexcited nonequilibrium carriers in
      semiconductors: Theoretical considerations.

PMID- 9940381
TI  - Correlation effects and excited states in conjugated polymers.

PMID- 9940383
TI  - Evaluation of four-center integrals with the linear muffin-tin orbital tight
      binding method.

PMID- 9940384
TI  - Phonon-emission spectroscopy of a two-dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9940385
TI  - Polarization and the Haldane-Anderson model of defects in nonmetals.

PMID- 9940387
TI  - Photogenerated exciton-breather state in trans-polyacetylene.

PMID- 9940386
TI  - Collective excitations in the fractional quantum Hall effect of a multicomponent
      fermion system.

PMID- 9940388
TI  - Experimental study of the band structure of GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs, and InSb.

PMID- 9940389
TI  - Small-polaron conduction in Y2Ti2O7.

PMID- 9940390
TI  - Phonon scattering at electronically degenerate defect states: Theoretical
      approach and applications to acceptors in cubic semiconductors.

PMID- 9940392
TI  - Soliton width-relaxation effects in polyacetylene.

PMID- 9940391
TI  - Diffusion and relaxation of energy in disordered systems: Departure from mean
      field theories.

PMID- 9940393
TI  - Subband-Landau-level spectroscopy in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterojunctions.

PMID- 9940395
TI  - Properties of the EL2 level in GaAs1-xPx.

PMID- 9940394
TI  - Termination of hierarchy of fractional quantum Hall states: Scaling of impurity
      effect.

PMID- 9940397
TI  - Theoretical calculations of heterojunction discontinuities in the Si/Ge system.

PMID- 9940396
TI  - Band-gap shifts in heavily p-type doped semiconductors of the zinc-blende and
      diamond type.

PMID- 9940398
TI  - Gate-controlled transport in narrow GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures.

PMID- 9940399
TI  - Quasiparticle states in the fractional quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9940400
TI  - Ordered-defect model for Si(001)-(2 x 8).

PMID- 9940402
TI  - Low-frequency modes in vitreous silica.

PMID- 9940401
TI  - Luminescence quenching in F centers under pressure.

PMID- 9940403
TI  - Velocity of moving edge dislocations in a crystalline solid.

PMID- 9940404
TI  - Phonon frequency shifts in an anharmonic lattice via the Wigner distribution
      function.

PMID- 9940405
TI  - Thermal conductivity of amorphous solids.

PMID- 9940406
TI  - Calculation of the FH(CN-)-center absorption bands in CsCl.

PMID- 9940407
TI  - Phonon localization in glasses.

PMID- 9940409
TI  - Influence of local-field effects upon the optical properties of trigonal
      selenium.

PMID- 9940408
TI  - Correlated ESR and thermoluminescence study of the

PMID- 9940410
TI  - Surface-phonon dispersion of the NbC(001) and TaC(001) surfaces: Double-shell
      model analysis.

PMID- 9940411
TI  - Indirect short-range interactions in insulators.

PMID- 9940412
TI  - Stochastic model of stage transformation in graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9940413
TI  - Initial stages of hydride formation: Hydrogen on Ce(001).

PMID- 9940414
TI  - Density dependence of the dielectric constant of rare-gas crystals.

PMID- 9940415
TI  - Theory of the reionization process observed in low-energy He+-surface scattering.

PMID- 9940416
TI  - Luminescence polarization of dimer centers in KI:Tl+ crystals: Analysis of
      experimental data and structure of dimers.

PMID- 9940417
TI  - Multiple-scattering regime and higher-order correlations in x-ray-absorption
      spectra of liquid solutions.

PMID- 9940418
TI  - Classical dynamics study of the ion bombardment of ice.

PMID- 9940419
TI  - Phonon localization in aggregates.

PMID- 9940420
TI  - Brillouin scattering study of the phase transition in NaN3.

PMID- 9940422
TI  - Optical phonons and elasticity of diamond at megabar stresses.

PMID- 9940421
TI  - Raman scattering intensities of layered crystals.

PMID- 9940423
TI  - Simple model for the influence of impurity aggregates on the F-center production
      of alkali halides.

PMID- 9940425
TI  - Host lattices and superionic properties in beta - and beta "-alumina. I.
      Structures and local correlations.

PMID- 9940424
TI  - Profile structures of very thin multilayers by x-ray diffraction using direct and
      refinement methods of analysis.

PMID- 9940426
TI  - Host lattices and superionic properties in beta - and beta "-alumina. II.
      Homogeneity ranges and conductivities.

PMID- 9940427
TI  - Numerical solution of the Hartree-Fock equations for quasi-one-dimensional
      systems: Prototypical calculations on the (-H

PMID- 9940428
TI  - Interplanar binding in graphite studied with the Englert-Schwinger equation.

PMID- 9940430
TI  - Lattice dynamics of bcc Cs.

PMID- 9940429
TI  - Piezoelectricity and flexoelectricity in crystalline dielectrics.

PMID- 9940432
TI  - He-Ag(110) interaction potential by new bound-state-resonance measurements.

PMID- 9940431
TI  - Optical determination of the antiferromagnetic exchange constant between nearest
      neighbor Mn2+ ions in Zn0.95Mn0.05Te.

PMID- 9940433
TI  - Many-body effects on the appearance potential spectroscopy of metals.

PMID- 9940435
TI  - Disordered electron systems with Hubbard interaction.

PMID- 9940434
TI  - Quantum size effect in thin metal films.

PMID- 9940436
TI  - Surface segregation in the hydrogen-adsorbed Cu-Ni alloy.

PMID- 9940437
TI  - Ground-state symmetry of a generalized polaron.

PMID- 9940438
TI  - Electronic conductivity of Si(111)-7 x 7.

PMID- 9940440
TI  - Electric charge motion, induced current, energy balance, and noise.

PMID- 9940439
TI  - Charge-carrier dynamics in GaAs multiple quantum wells determined by contactless
      photoconductivity measurements.

PMID- 9940441
TI  - Cubic-crystal-field levels and functions: A group-theoretical computational
      approach.

PMID- 9940442
TI  - Comment on "Band nonparabolicity effects on weak-coupling polarons in compound
      semiconductors"

PMID- 9940444
TI  - Erratum: Magnetophonon oscillations in quasi-two-dimensional quantum wells

PMID- 9940443
TI  - Erratum: Electronic interlayer states in hexagonal boron nitride

PMID- 9940445
TI  - Non-muffin-tin potentials in multiple-scattering theory.

PMID- 9940446
TI  - Effective Landau theory for disordered interacting electron systems: Specific
      heat behavior.

PMID- 9940447
TI  - Modified Gutzwiller theory of the metal-insulator transition: Application to
      heavy-fermion systems.

PMID- 9940448
TI  - Infrared reflectivity and Raman scattering from midgap-state exciton-polaritons
      of X0.3MoO3 (X=K,Rb).

PMID- 9940449
TI  - Spectroscopy of single atoms in the scanning-tunneling microscope.

PMID- 9940450
TI  - High-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy of hydrogen chemisorption at
      Nb(100) surfaces: Evidence for subsurface absorption sites.

PMID- 9940451
TI  - Cumulative disorder and x-ray line broadening in multilayers.

PMID- 9940452
TI  - Experimental discrimination of coherent and incoherent behavior in heavy-fermion
      materials.

PMID- 9940454
TI  - Disequilibration of the pinned charge-density-wave state by slight changes in
      temperature.

PMID- 9940453
TI  - Empty and occupied electronic states of CuxY

PMID- 9940455
TI  - Charge-density-wave magnetodynamics in NbSe3.

PMID- 9940458
TI  - Comparison of electronic properties of quasiperiodic and periodic lattices in two
      and three dimensions.

PMID- 9940456
TI  - Composition of Cu-Ni alloy surfaces.

PMID- 9940457
TI  - First-principles theory of tetrahedral bonding and crystal structure of lead.

PMID- 9940459
TI  - Spin-dependent momentum distribution in iron studied with circularly polarized
      synchrotron radiation.

PMID- 9940460
TI  - Current oscillations in charge-density-wave transport.

PMID- 9940461
TI  - Optical bowing in zinc chalcogenide semiconductor alloys.

PMID- 9940462
TI  - Magnetotransport properties of p-type HgTe-CdTe superlattices.

PMID- 9940463
TI  - Hole Hall-mobility enhancement of HgTe-Hg1-xCdxTe interfaces.

PMID- 9940464
TI  - Picosecond spectroscopy of hot anti-Stokes luminescence in GaAs.

PMID- 9940465
TI  - Unambiguous observation of the 2s state of the light- and heavy-hole excitons in
      GaAs-(AlGa)As multiple-quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9940466
TI  - Direct picture of the local electronic structure during the Si(111)7 x 7-Al
      Schottky-barrier formation process.

PMID- 9940467
TI  - Electronic transport in doped amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9940468
TI  - Picosecond time-resolved Raman studies of the expansion of the electron-hole
      plasma in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs multiple-quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9940469
TI  - Observation of luminescence from the 2s heavy-hole exciton in GaAs-(AlGa)As
      quantum well structures at low temperature.

PMID- 9940470
TI  - Tunneling through indirect-gap semiconductor barriers.

PMID- 9940471
TI  - Theory of the hole subband dispersion in strained and unstrained quantum wells.

PMID- 9940473
TI  - Theory of off-center impurities in semiconductors.

PMID- 9940472
TI  - Resonant Raman scattering in p-type GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs-AlAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9940474
TI  - Arsenic overlayer on Si(111): Removal of surface reconstruction.

PMID- 9940476
TI  - Electron spin resonance in disordered metals.

PMID- 9940475
TI  - Phonon scattering at a crystal surface from in situ-deposited thin films.

PMID- 9940477
TI  - Electronic structure of the interstitial lithium-associated electron trap in
      crystalline quartz.

PMID- 9940478
TI  - Spectroscopy of dimerization in organic mixed-stack compounds and tetramethyl-p
      phenylene-diamine chloranil.

PMID- 9940479
TI  - Interstitial hydrogen in diamond: A detailed Hartree-Fock analysis.

PMID- 9940480
TI  - Secondary-electron emission and electron-energy-loss results on graphite single
      crystals.

PMID- 9940481
TI  - Optically detected low-field ESR in the metastable state of Tm2+:SrF2. I. ESR
      signals and cross relaxation.

PMID- 9940482
TI  - Optically detected low-field ESR in the metastable state of Tm2+:SrF2. II.
      Determination of the sign of the g factor.

PMID- 9940483
TI  - Electron energy loss by electron-hole excitations in ferromagnets: The near
      specular geometry.

PMID- 9940484
TI  - Spectroscopic studies of excited Tm3+ ions in CaF2 crystals.

PMID- 9940486
TI  - Positronium formation at physisorbed monolayer surfaces of argon, nitrogen, and
      oxygen on graphite.

PMID- 9940485
TI  - Spin-polarized Auger electron spectroscopy on Gd.

PMID- 9940487
TI  - Spin-polarization torsional spectroscopy in beta -phase palladium hydride.

PMID- 9940489
TI  - Microscopic probing of order-disorder versus displacive behavior in BaTiO3 by
      Fe3+ EPR.

PMID- 9940488
TI  - Luminescence of Cr3+ ions in mixed Na+-Cd

PMID- 9940490
TI  - Theory of the microwave-soliton or antisoliton interaction in Josephson tunnel
      junctions.

PMID- 9940491
TI  - Electrical transport properties of V3Si, V5Si3, and VSi2 thin films.

PMID- 9940493
TI  - Theory of condensates in superfluids.

PMID- 9940492
TI  - First and second sound in He films.

PMID- 9940494
TI  - Resistivity and magnetoresistance studies on superconducting A15 V3Ga, V3Au, and
      V3Pt compounds.

PMID- 9940495
TI  - Experiments with "doubly"-spin-polarized atomic hydrogen.

PMID- 9940496
TI  - Three-body recombination in spin-polarized atomic hydrogen.

PMID- 9940497
TI  - Solid helium. I. Ground-state energy calculated by a lowest-order constrained
      variation method.

PMID- 9940499
TI  - One-dimensional Ising model in a variety of random fields.

PMID- 9940498
TI  - Relativistic dynamics of sine-Gordon solitons trapped in confining potentials.

PMID- 9940501
TI  - Raman scattering study of the electronic and vibrational excitations in CeCu2Si2.

PMID- 9940500
TI  - Ground states of one-dimensional systems using effective potentials.

PMID- 9940502
TI  - Theory of the dynamic spin response function near the Kosterlitz-Thouless
      transition.

PMID- 9940504
TI  - Anisotropic exchange and spin dynamics in the type-I (-IA) antiferromagnets CeAs,
      CeSb, and USb: A neutron study.

PMID- 9940503
TI  - Magnetovolume in chromium.

PMID- 9940506
TI  - Generalized Langevin equation for an oscillator.

PMID- 9940505
TI  - Cluster-size distribution and the magnetic property of a Potts model.

PMID- 9940507
TI  - Dynamics of structural phase transitions in highly anisotropic systems.

PMID- 9940508
TI  - Corrections to power-law behavior in the Heisenberg antiferromagnet.

PMID- 9940509
TI  - Concentration dependence of hopping conductivity in granular metals.

PMID- 9940510
TI  - Triple-point wetting of neon films.

PMID- 9940511
TI  - Bispectral analysis of the driven sine-Gordon chain.

PMID- 9940512
TI  - Low-field magnetization and Mossbauer-effect investigations in (Fe65Ni35)1
      x(Fe84Mn16)x alloys.

PMID- 9940513
TI  - Computer simulation of the three-dimensional short-range Heisenberg spin glass.

PMID- 9940514
TI  - Evidence for ferromagnetic order at gadolinium surfaces above the bulk Curie
      temperature.

PMID- 9940515
TI  - Microscopic theory of surface tension.

PMID- 9940516
TI  - Simulation of a charge-density-wave transition in a quasi-one-dimensional system.

PMID- 9940517
TI  - Phase diagrams and correlation exponents for quantum spin chains of arbitrary
      spin quantum number.

PMID- 9940518
TI  - Low-energy electron transmission and secondary-electron emission experiments on
      crystalline and molten long-chain alkanes.

PMID- 9940520
TI  - Lines and domain walls in dilute ferromagnets.

PMID- 9940519
TI  - Localization transition on the Bethe lattice.

PMID- 9940521
TI  - Effect of disordered concentrated nonmagnetic impurities on the periodic Anderson
      Hamiltonian in one dimension.

PMID- 9940522
TI  - Gutzwiller method for heavy electrons.

PMID- 9940523
TI  - Multicritical properties of uniaxial Heisenberg antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9940524
TI  - Antiferromagnetism and spin-glass order in Fe-, Ca-, and Al-substituted braunites
      Mn2+(Mn3+)6SiO12.

PMID- 9940525
TI  - Modified Migdal-Kadanoff renormalization for the Potts model.

PMID- 9940526
TI  - Phase separation: Statics and dynamics in a racemic molecular solid solution.

PMID- 9940527
TI  - Electronic conductivity of a charge-density-wave system in the presence of phi
      solitons.

PMID- 9940528
TI  - Significance of the bulk correlation length for wetting transitions.

PMID- 9940529
TI  - Three-dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnet: A series investigation.

PMID- 9940530
TI  - Actinide-3d-metal Laves-phase intermetallic compounds: Magnetism and electronic
      properties.

PMID- 9940531
TI  - Appearance of the itinerant-electron character in (Co0.6Ni0.4)78Si8B14 observed
      by the resonance-magnetic-field shift induced by current.

PMID- 9940532
TI  - Phason anisotropy and the nuclear magnetic resonance in potassium.

PMID- 9940534
TI  - Nuclear magnetic relaxation in fractal pores.

PMID- 9940533
TI  - ESR observation of temperature-dependent g shifts in submetallic P-doped Si at
      low temperatures.

PMID- 9940535
TI  - Superhyperfine structure in the EPR spectra of Mn2+ ions in PbTe.

PMID- 9940536
TI  - Bulk superconducting specific-heat anomaly in beta -di

PMID- 9940537
TI  - Observation of unexpected nonlinear effect in the magnetically generated
      superflow of 3He-A1.

PMID- 9940538
TI  - Elastic and plastic properties of the flux-line lattice in type-II
      superconductors.

PMID- 9940539
TI  - Effects of the phase periodicity on the quantum dynamics of a resistively shunted
      Josephson junction.

PMID- 9940540
TI  - Third sound and capillary condensation on a fractal surface.

PMID- 9940541
TI  - Exact Bethe-ansatz thermodynamics for the sine-Gordon model in the classical
      limit: Effect of long strings.

PMID- 9940542
TI  - Experimental proof of magnetic x-ray dichroism.

PMID- 9940543
TI  - EPR determination of three-dimensional correlations below the ferroelectric phase
      transition in pseudo-one-dimensional CsH2PO4:Cu2+

PMID- 9940545
TI  - Analytical determination of the production rate of thermal sine-Gordon solitons.

PMID- 9940544
TI  - Solitons in the ferromagnetic antisymmetric exchange chain.

PMID- 9940546
TI  - Erratum: Coherence and pair-breaking effect in the heavy-fermion superconductor
      CeCu2Si2

PMID- 9940547
TI  - Unusual low-temperature effects on the NMR line shapes in solid hydrogen.

PMID- 9940548
TI  - 19F nuclear relaxation at the interface between liquid 3He and a solid substrate
      at high field and low temperature.

PMID- 9940549
TI  - Electron-phonon coupling in UBe13: Absence of conventional superconductivity.

PMID- 9940551
TI  - Spin-fluctuation-mediated even-parity pairing in heavy-fermion superconductors.

PMID- 9940550
TI  - Measurement of thermal accommodation of spin-polarized hydrogen on a saturated
      4He film at 0.18-0.4 K.

PMID- 9940552
TI  - Low-temperature phases of Xe on graphite.

PMID- 9940553
TI  - Heisenberg-Ising crossover in spin glasses.

PMID- 9940555
TI  - New phase-transition scenario for chiral and algebraic order in a generalized
      planar model.

PMID- 9940554
TI  - Antiferromagnetic order in U1-xThxPt3.

PMID- 9940556
TI  - Temperature dependence of paramagnetic neutron scattering from Heisenberg
      ferromagnets above Tc.

PMID- 9940558
TI  - Activated dynamic scaling in spin glasses above the freezing temperature.

PMID- 9940557
TI  - Internal dynamics of the double-sine-Gordon chain.

PMID- 9940559
TI  - Phonon and fracton vibrational modes in disordered harmonic structures: A self
      consistent theory.

PMID- 9940560
TI  - Domain-wall scaling near the Ising spin-glass transition.

PMID- 9940561
TI  - Critical fluctuations and phase transitions in the antiferromagnetic Potts model.

PMID- 9940562
TI  - Experimental application of the new orientational dynamic theory to resolved NMR
      quadrupole spectra in polycrystalline-amorphous matrices.

PMID- 9940563
TI  - Effective and Debye temperatures of Ti in TiC, TiO2, and TiH2.

PMID- 9940564
TI  - Temperature dependence of planar channeling radiation.

PMID- 9940566
TI  - Quantum-interference device without Josephson junctions.

PMID- 9940565
TI  - Optical spectroscopy of 3d7 and 3d8 impurity configurations in a wide-gap
      semiconductor (ZnO:Co,Ni,Cu).

PMID- 9940567
TI  - Superconductivity in the ferromagnetic phase of polycrystalline HoMo6S8 films.

PMID- 9940568
TI  - Effect of pressure on competing electronic correlations in the heavy-electron
      system URu2Si2.

PMID- 9940569
TI  - Effect of pressure and magnetic field on the electrical resistivity of UBe13.

PMID- 9940571
TI  - Static and dynamic properties of random-field systems.

PMID- 9940570
TI  - Influence of radiation-induced disordering on the superconducting transition
      temperature of Nb3Ir films.

PMID- 9940572
TI  - Dissociation of compound ions in a high electric field: Atomic tunneling,
      orientational, and isotope effects.

PMID- 9940574
TI  - X-ray determinations of the liquid-structure factor and pair-correlation function
      of 4He.

PMID- 9940573
TI  - Search for an ac Josephson effect in superfluid 4He using a low-frequency
      acoustic resonator.

PMID- 9940576
TI  - Electron tunneling spectroscopy of superconducting A15 V-Ga alloy films.

PMID- 9940575
TI  - Static properties of a particle coupled to a fermionic environment.

PMID- 9940577
TI  - Tunneling spectroscopy of a macroscopic variable.

PMID- 9940579
TI  - Multipair excitations and sum rules in interacting-electron systems.

PMID- 9940578
TI  - Electron and hole self-energy contributions to the dynamic structure factor in
      interacting-electron systems.

PMID- 9940581
TI  - Meissner effect in anisotropic superconductors.

PMID- 9940582
TI  - Cooper-pair states for heavy fermions in the atomic representation: UPt3.

PMID- 9940580
TI  - Vortex pinning in superlattices of ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic superconductors.

PMID- 9940584
TI  - Magnetostatic theory of collective excitations in ferromagnetic and
      antiferromagnetic superlattices with magnetization perpendicular to the surface.

PMID- 9940583
TI  - X-ray study of the order-disorder phase transition in the triiodide chain
      compound tetraphenyldithiapyranylidene iodide

PMID- 9940585
TI  - Transport properties of continuum systems near the percolation threshold.

PMID- 9940586
TI  - Monte Carlo study of a one-dimensional degenerate Hubbard model.

PMID- 9940587
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility of (VO)2P2O7: A one-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg
      antiferromagnet with a ladder spin configuration and a singlet ground state.

PMID- 9940588
TI  - Time-dependent phase transformation in KTaO3:Li.

PMID- 9940589
TI  - Paramagnetic susceptibilities of the antiferromagnetic quantum chain copper
      chloride bis-dimethyl sulfoxide: Theory and experiment.

PMID- 9940590
TI  - Frequency-dependent equation of state of fused silica to 10 GPa.

PMID- 9940591
TI  - Model Hamiltonian for orientational order: Mean-field theory for hexagonal
      symmetry.

PMID- 9940592
TI  - Diffusion to nonoverlapping or spatially correlated traps.

PMID- 9940593
TI  - Soliton dynamics in a magnetic chain. I. Antiferromagnet.

PMID- 9940594
TI  - Soliton dynamics in a magnetic chain. II. Ferromagnet.

PMID- 9940595
TI  - Relaxation in spin glasses at weak magnetic fields.

PMID- 9940596
TI  - Paramagnetic spin fluctuations in an Fe65Ni

PMID- 9940597
TI  - Determination of the algebraic exponents near the melting transition of a two
      dimensional Lennard-Jones system.

PMID- 9940598
TI  - Parametric equation of state for the n-vector model and polymers.

PMID- 9940599
TI  - Langevin simulations of quantum systems.

PMID- 9940600
TI  - Mean-field renormalization group: Unified approach to bulk and surface critical
      behavior.

PMID- 9940602
TI  - Critical behavior of the n-vector model for 1<n<2.

PMID- 9940601
TI  - Rotational symmetry breaking in Heisenberg spin glasses: A microscopic approach.

PMID- 9940603
TI  - Disorder and magnetic effects on the electron-transport properties of iron
      chromium-boron metallic glasses.

PMID- 9940604
TI  - Bethe ansatz for two-magnon bound states in anisotropic magnetic chains of
      arbitrary spin.

PMID- 9940606
TI  - Phase diagrams for 3He-4He and H2-D2 mixtures adsorbed on graphite.

PMID- 9940608
TI  - Nonuniversality of tricritical behavior of Fermi-Bose mixtures.

PMID- 9940607
TI  - Electronic structure of Pd3Fe: Ordered phase.

PMID- 9940605
TI  - Resistive breakdown of inhomogeneous media.

PMID- 9940609
TI  - General model for the steady-state melting of spin-polarized 3He.

PMID- 9940610
TI  - Continuous solid-solid phase transitions driven by an eight-component order
      parameter: Hamiltonian densities and renormalization-group theory.

PMID- 9940611
TI  - Electric quadrupole interaction of 67Zn in zinc metal.

PMID- 9940613
TI  - Nonuniversal transport exponents in quasi-one-dimensional systems with a power
      law distribution of conductances.

PMID- 9940612
TI  - Exponents far from Tc for the relaxation in the kinetic Ising model.

PMID- 9940614
TI  - Noise effect on instabilities and chaotic solutions of a superconducting
      interferometer.

PMID- 9940616
TI  - Erratum: Theory of resonant modes in particulate matter

PMID- 9940615
TI  - Reply to "Noise effect on instabilities and chaotic solutions of a
      superconducting interferometer."

PMID- 9940617
TI  - Superhyperfine interaction and spin-lattice relaxation of an interstitial iron
      impurity in silicon.

PMID- 9940618
TI  - Crystal structure of lithium beryllium hydride.

PMID- 9940619
TI  - Field penetration into proximity-coupled superconducting multilayers.

PMID- 9940620
TI  - Correlation effects in S=1/2 random-exchange Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains.

PMID- 9940621
TI  - Phase transition of the Aharonov-Bohm periodicity in metallic cylinders.

PMID- 9940622
TI  - Electric conductivity and phase diagram of a mixed-stack charge-transfer crystal:
      Tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil.

PMID- 9940623
TI  - Nickel contribution to the magnetism of Fe-Ni-Zr metallic glasses.

PMID- 9940624
TI  - Positronium emission from lead.

PMID- 9940626
TI  - Knight shift of 111Cd impurities in liquid selenium.

PMID- 9940625
TI  - Properties of model-valence-fluctuation heavy-electron systems in applied and
      molecular fields.

PMID- 9940627
TI  - 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance of amorphous hydrogenated silicon and amorphous
      microcrystalline mixed-phase hydrogenated silicon.

PMID- 9940628
TI  - Unexpectedly rapid 19F spin-lattice relaxation in CaF2 below 1 K.

PMID- 9940629
TI  - Electron-trapped centers in x-irradiated LiCl:Fe crystals.

PMID- 9940630
TI  - Formation of Mn2+Cdm (m >= 10) in Mn2+-CdO which is treated in CS2 at 700
      degreesC: An observation by ESR.

PMID- 9940631
TI  - Profiling multilayer structures with monoenergetic positrons.

PMID- 9940632
TI  - Theoretical investigation of the isomer shifts of the 119Sn Mossbauer isotope.

PMID- 9940633
TI  - EPR of Mn2+ in the Tutton salts M(NH4)2(SO4)2

PMID- 9940635
TI  - Acoustic localization in one dimension in the presence of a flow field.

PMID- 9940634
TI  - Vortex dynamics in superfluid helium films.

PMID- 9940637
TI  - Temperature dependence of the critical Josephson current in superconductor
      insulator-normal-metal proximity junctions near Tc.

PMID- 9940636
TI  - Sound propagation in liquid helium near the lambda point. II. Ultrasonic
      attenuation.

PMID- 9940638
TI  - dc electrical resistivity and upper critical magnetic field of superconducting
      ternary silicides and germanides with the Sc5Co4Si10-type structure.

PMID- 9940639
TI  - Electron-phonon interaction and thermopower nonlinearities in Chevrel-phase
      compounds.

PMID- 9940640
TI  - Experimental tests for the quantum behavior of a macroscopic degree of freedom:
      The phase difference across a Josephson junction.

PMID- 9940641
TI  - Quasiparticle interaction in the Fermi liquid 3He.

PMID- 9940642
TI  - Solid helium. II. Pressure and compressibility calculated by a lowest-order
      constrained-variation method.

PMID- 9940643
TI  - Three-body correlations in liquid and solid 4He.

PMID- 9940644
TI  - Two competing interactions in the Anderson lattice model.

PMID- 9940645
TI  - Quantum effects in the current-voltage characteristic of a small Josephson
      junction.

PMID- 9940646
TI  - Ripplon dispersion and finite-range effects in the quantum-liquid surface.

PMID- 9940647
TI  - Abnormal threshold properties of fluxon propagation in a resistively coupled
      Josephson transmission line.

PMID- 9940649
TI  - Collective mode and structure factor of a Fermi-Bose mixture at tricriticality.

PMID- 9940648
TI  - Condensate fraction in superfluid 4He.

PMID- 9940650
TI  - Effect of spin scattering and magnetic order on the electronic heat capacity of
      magnetic superconductors.

PMID- 9940651
TI  - Strong-coupling theories for superconductors containing local spin fluctuations.

PMID- 9940652
TI  - Nature of the magnetic ground state in Fe-Ni Invar alloys.

PMID- 9940653
TI  - Spin-polarized Auger-electron spectroscopy.

PMID- 9940654
TI  - Morin temperature of annealed submicronic alpha -F2O3 particles.

PMID- 9940655
TI  - Structure factors associated with the melting of a (31) ordered phase on a
      centered-rectangular lattice gas: Effective scaling in a three-state chiral-clock
      like model.

PMID- 9940656
TI  - Electrical resistivity of icosahedral Mg-Al-Zn alloys.

PMID- 9940657
TI  - Neutron scattering and the critical behavior of the three-dimensional Ising
      antiferromagnet FeF2.

PMID- 9940658
TI  - Theory of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation of spin-polarized hydrogen on liquid
      helium-coated surfaces due to magnetic particles in the substrate.

PMID- 9940659
TI  - Theory of ferroelectricity: The polarizability model.

PMID- 9940660
TI  - Spin-wave gap in uniaxial spin glasses.

PMID- 9940661
TI  - Search for low-temperature staging transitions in stage-2 potassium-graphite
      intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9940663
TI  - Macroscopic theory of orientational ordering in rapidly solidified alloys.

PMID- 9940662
TI  - Effective-pair interactions in transition-metal alloys: A supercell total-energy
      approach.

PMID- 9940664
TI  - Commensurate-incommensurate transition of monolayer krypton on graphite by helium
      atom scattering.

PMID- 9940665
TI  - Helmholtz free energy of finite spin systems near criticality.

PMID- 9940666
TI  - Inelastic neutron scattering study of magnetic interactions in CsMnxMg1-xBr3. I.
      Spin waves in CsMnBr3.

PMID- 9940667
TI  - Inelastic neutron scattering study of magnetic interactions in CsMnxMg1-xBr3. II.
      Magnetic excitations in clusters of Mn2+ ions.

PMID- 9940668
TI  - Kondo effect versus indirect exchange in the two-impurity Anderson model: A Monte
      Carlo study.

PMID- 9940669
TI  - Magnetoresistance measurements on fractal wire networks.

PMID- 9940671
TI  - Metastable states in the random-field Ising model.

PMID- 9940670
TI  - Electron-spin-lattice relaxation of photoexcited triplet states in disordered
      organic solids.

PMID- 9940672
TI  - Random-anisotropy-axis magnet with infinite anisotropy.

PMID- 9940673
TI  - Symmetry analysis of the microstructure and phase transitions of a
      crystallographic space group: Applications.

PMID- 9940674
TI  - Interaction between localized moments in metals: A Monte Carlo study.

PMID- 9940675
TI  - High-resolution infrared spectroscopy of hydrogen impurities in strontium
      titanate.

PMID- 9940677
TI  - Thermodynamic analysis of interfacial transport and of the thermomagnetoelectric
      system.

PMID- 9940676
TI  - High-pressure x-ray-diffraction and optical-absorption studies of NH4I to 75 GPa.

PMID- 9940678
TI  - Finite-temperature magnetism of disordered Fe-Cr alloys.

PMID- 9940679
TI  - Branched polymers on fractal lattices.

PMID- 9940680
TI  - History effects, domains, and glass formation in the mixed cyanides.

PMID- 9940681
TI  - One-dimensional magnetism in copper phthalocyanine.

PMID- 9940682
TI  - Absolute measurement of the ordered magnetic moment in holmium-rich (Er1
      xHox)Rh4B4.

PMID- 9940684
TI  - Magnetism and electronic transport in the concentrated Kondo system (UxLa1
      x)2Zn17.

PMID- 9940683
TI  - Periodic Anderson model for four-site clusters.

PMID- 9940685
TI  - Z(N) model of grain-boundary wetting.

PMID- 9940686
TI  - Zeros of the partition function of Ising models on fractal lattices.

PMID- 9940687
TI  - Anomalous time correlations in quenched systems with continuous symmetry.

PMID- 9940689
TI  - Field-theoretic formulation of the randomly diluted nonlinear resistor network.

PMID- 9940688
TI  - Noise exponents of the random resistor network.

PMID- 9940690
TI  - Temperature, stress, and structural-relaxation dependence of the magnetostriction
      in (Co0.94/BFe0.06)75/BSi15B10 glasses.

PMID- 9940691
TI  - Mixed valence as an almost broken symmetry.

PMID- 9940692
TI  - Melting dynamics of NiSi2/Si under pulsed laser irradiation.

PMID- 9940693
TI  - 1/N expansion for the transport coefficients of the single-impurity Anderson
      model.

PMID- 9940694
TI  - Anderson localization of spin waves in random Heisenberg antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9940696
TI  - Inelastic neutron scattering study of the spin dynamics in Fe3Si above TC.

PMID- 9940695
TI  - Anomalous small-angle x-ray scattering determination of the partial structure
      factors and kinetic study of unmixed Cu-Ni-Fe alloys.

PMID- 9940697
TI  - Polymer correlation functions and spurious singularities in n=0 field theory.

PMID- 9940698
TI  - Magnetization transport across a ferromagnetic-paramagnetic interface.

PMID- 9940699
TI  - Theory of zero-field muon-spin relaxation in simple magnetic systems.

PMID- 9940701
TI  - Random walk on a chain with dynamic disorder due to correlations.

PMID- 9940700
TI  - Spin-wave modes in antiparallel magnetized ferromagnetic double layers.

PMID- 9940702
TI  - Three-body-interaction effects on the phase-transition and high-pressure behavior
      of divalent-metal oxides.

PMID- 9940703
TI  - Phase transitions in Rb2ZrF

PMID- 9940704
TI  - Theory of magnetic susceptibility of Bloch electrons in the presence of localized
      magnetic moments.

PMID- 9940706
TI  - Relaxation of muonium states in solids.

PMID- 9940705
TI  - Specific heat of pure and yttrium-doped dysprosium aluminum garnet (DAG) powder
      near TN.

PMID- 9940708
TI  - Third sound and superflow on a striped substrate.

PMID- 9940707
TI  - Crystalline electric field effects in UPt2Si2 and URu2Si2.

PMID- 9940710
TI  - Localization in a one-dimensional quasiperiodic Hamiltonian with off-diagonal
      disorder.

PMID- 9940709
TI  - Two-dimensional imaging of trapped magnetic flux quanta in Josephson tunnel
      junctions.

PMID- 9940711
TI  - One-dimensional randomness on a two-dimensional lattice: A soluble model.

PMID- 9940713
TI  - Low-temperature magnetoresistivity of Kondo systems: Comparison with experiments
      on Ce impurities in LaB6 and LaAl2.

PMID- 9940712
TI  - Models of magnetic-moment variation in alloys.

PMID- 9940714
TI  - Evidence for weak localization effects on the critical magnetic field for the
      amorphous alloys V1-xSix.

PMID- 9940716
TI  - Exact contact critical exponents of a self-avoiding polymer chain in two
      dimensions.

PMID- 9940715
TI  - Magnetic resonance line shape in the spin-glass Eu

PMID- 9940717
TI  - Continuum limit of the upper critical field Hc2 for superconducting networks.

PMID- 9940718
TI  - Erratum: White lines in the L2,3 electron-energy-loss and x-ray absorption
      spectra of 3d transition metals

PMID- 9940719
TI  - Erratum: Decay of a metastable state: A variational approach

PMID- 9940720
TI  - Differentiation of single versus multiple vibrational excitation processes on
      surfaces: An electron-energy-loss spectroscopy investigation of the Al2O3
      vibrational modes.

PMID- 9940721
TI  - Positronium time-of-flight spectroscopy of dissimilar metals.

PMID- 9940722
TI  - Exact solution to a new anisotropic dimer model with domain-wall behavior.

PMID- 9940724
TI  - Time-of-flight spectroscopy of positronium emission from quartz and magnesium
      oxide.

PMID- 9940723
TI  - Extended fine structures in autoionization emission spectra of bulk chromium.

PMID- 9940725
TI  - Magnetization of superconducting lanthanum copper oxides.

PMID- 9940727
TI  - Energy gap in the high-Tc superconductor La1.85Sr0.15CuO4.

PMID- 9940726
TI  - Magnetic properties of a superconducting Ba-La-Cu oxide.

PMID- 9940728
TI  - Measurement of the superconducting energy gap in La-Ba-Cu oxide and La-Sr-Cu
      oxide.

PMID- 9940729
TI  - Far-infrared measurement of the energy gap of La1.8Sr0.2CuO4.

PMID- 9940730
TI  - Composition-dependent superconductivity in La2-xSrxCuO4- delta.

PMID- 9940731
TI  - Electronic properties of La2-xSrxCuO4 high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9940732
TI  - Normal- and superconducting-state properties of La1.85Sr0.15CuO4.

PMID- 9940734
TI  - Superconducting phase transitions in the La-M-Cu-O layered perovskite system,
      M=La, Ba, Sr, and Pb.

PMID- 9940735
TI  - Diatomic melting curves to very high pressure.

PMID- 9940733
TI  - Upper critical fields of high-Tc superconducting La2-xSrxCuO4-y: Possibility of
      140 tesla.

PMID- 9940736
TI  - Direct observation of fluxon reflection in a Josephson transmission line.

PMID- 9940737
TI  - Weak localization effects on the upper critical field of bulk superconductors.

PMID- 9940738
TI  - Lattice instability and superconductivity in the Pb, Sn, and Ba Chevrel phases.

PMID- 9940739
TI  - CePtSi: A new heavy-fermion compound.

PMID- 9940740
TI  - Transverse sound in a magnetic field in UPt3.

PMID- 9940741
TI  - Hall-effect and resistivity study of the heavy-fermion system URu2Si2.

PMID- 9940742
TI  - Self-affine fractal model for a metal-electrolyte interface.

PMID- 9940743
TI  - Renormalization, self-similarity, and relaxation of order-parameter structure in
      critical phenomena.

PMID- 9940745
TI  - X-ray scattering study of charge-density waves in K3Cu8S6.

PMID- 9940744
TI  - Characterization of the microstructure of disordered media: A unified approach.

PMID- 9940747
TI  - Energy dispersion of image states and surface states near the surface-Brillouin
      zone boundary.

PMID- 9940746
TI  - Phase separation in amorphous Fe-Zr: Comparison of sputtered and solid-state
      reacted films.

PMID- 9940748
TI  - Continuum elasticity analysis of the enhanced modulus effect in metal-alloy
      superlattice films.

PMID- 9940749
TI  - Magnetite: Phonon modes and the Verwey transition.

PMID- 9940750
TI  - Two-level system with nonlinear coupling.

PMID- 9940751
TI  - Residual resistivity of defects in metals.

PMID- 9940752
TI  - Representation analysis of cooperative Jahn-Teller ordering.

PMID- 9940753
TI  - Enumeration of random packings for atomic substances.

PMID- 9940754
TI  - Green's-function calculations of 5s-5p x-ray photoemission spectra of Ra (Z=88)
      and Th (Z=90).

PMID- 9940755
TI  - Real-space formulation of the mixed-basis pseudopotential method: Bulk structural
      properties of elemental copper.

PMID- 9940757
TI  - Rudimentary quasicrystallography: The icosahedral and decagonal reciprocal
      lattices.

PMID- 9940756
TI  - Lattice relaxation at an aluminum surface: Self-consistent linear-electronic
      response approach.

PMID- 9940758
TI  - Hartree-Fock band-structure calculations with the linear muffin-tin-orbital
      method: Application to C, Si, Ge, and alpha -Sn.

PMID- 9940759
TI  - Monte Carlo evaluation of the diffusion correlation factor in concentrated
      lattices and comparison with an improved theory.

PMID- 9940760
TI  - Study of Bin p+ ions formed in liquid-metal ion sources.

PMID- 9940762
TI  - Defect recovery in aluminum irradiated with protons at 20 K.

PMID- 9940761
TI  - Photoemission studies of the initial adsorption and growth of Ag and Au on Ge and
      Si.

PMID- 9940763
TI  - Phonon dispersion curves in the lattice dynamics of iron.

PMID- 9940764
TI  - Surface reconstruction and vibrational excitations of Si(001).

PMID- 9940765
TI  - Surface-enhanced alloy effects on Hg1-xCdxTe(100) surface states and the site
      dependent coherent-potential approximation.

PMID- 9940766
TI  - Atomistic study of structural metastability in coherently strained Si-like
      layers.

PMID- 9940767
TI  - Inverse photoemission study of InP, InAs, and InSb.

PMID- 9940769
TI  - Temperature dependence of the shifts and broadenings of the critical points in
      GaAs.

PMID- 9940768
TI  - Inelastic light scattering by collective charge-density excitations in GaAs-Ga1
      xAlxAs superlattices.

PMID- 9940770
TI  - Ab initio static dielectric matrices from the density-functional approach. I.
      Formulation and application to semiconductors and insulators.

PMID- 9940771
TI  - Ab initio static dielectric matrices from the density-functional approach. II.
      Calculation of the screening response in diamond, Si, Ge, and LiCl.

PMID- 9940772
TI  - Effects of local atomic arrangements on the densities of phonon states of Ga1
      xInxAs, Ga1-xInxSb, GaAs1-xSbx, and InAs1-xSbx.

PMID- 9940774
TI  - Effect of hydrostatic pressure on GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs microstructures.

PMID- 9940773
TI  - Theory of electron-energy-loss spectroscopy of surface and interface phonons in a
      two-medium target with a transverse boundary.

PMID- 9940775
TI  - Anomalous decay of photocurrent in amorphous thin films of Ge22Se78.

PMID- 9940776
TI  - Spin-orbit scattering time and dephasing time of carriers in two-dimensional HgTe
      CdTe superlattices and heterojunctions.

PMID- 9940778
TI  - Evidence of vacancy-induced surface states for nonstoichiometric TiNx(100).

PMID- 9940777
TI  - Vacancy-induced structures in the angle-resolved photoemission spectra of
      substoichiometric TiNx(100).

PMID- 9940779
TI  - Surface structure of (22) S/Ge(111) determined by angle-resolved photoemission
      fine structure.

PMID- 9940780
TI  - Detailed investigation of doping in hydrogenated amorphous silicon and germanium.

PMID- 9940781
TI  - Theory of the fractional quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9940782
TI  - Electronic properties of a complex Cu-related acceptor with a bound exciton at
      2.3423 eV in ZnTe.

PMID- 9940783
TI  - Electronic structure of a hole-attractive neutral Cu-related complex-defect bound
      exciton at 2.345 eV in ZnTe.

PMID- 9940785
TI  - Shifts and splittings of electron energy levels of A centers in silicon under
      uniaxial stress.

PMID- 9940784
TI  - Random walks in an exponential band.

PMID- 9940787
TI  - Influence of disorder on the electronic properties of the Si(111) surface.

PMID- 9940786
TI  - Voltage-controlled structure of certain p-n and p-i-n junctions.

PMID- 9940788
TI  - Lattice dynamics of the potential-induced breathing model: Phonon dispersion in
      the alkaline-earth oxides.

PMID- 9940789
TI  - Valence-band photoemission in UO2(111) near the 5d resonant photon energy.

PMID- 9940790
TI  - Hopping ionic conductivity in Ce-doped SrF2. I. Ionic thermocurrent results.

PMID- 9940791
TI  - Hopping ionic conductivity in Ce-doped SrF2. II. Results obtained from impedance
      measurements.

PMID- 9940793
TI  - Ab initio calculations of the excitonic spectra of the alkali iodides including
      relativistic effects.

PMID- 9940792
TI  - Surface dynamics of relaxed (001) slabs of alkali halides and MgO.

PMID- 9940794
TI  - Theory of F centers in the alkaline-earth oxides MgO and CaO.

PMID- 9940795
TI  - Magnetic specific heat of CoCl2 and FeCl3 intercalated in graphite.

PMID- 9940796
TI  - Interaction of SO2 with nearly perfect and defect TiO2(110) surfaces.

PMID- 9940797
TI  - Four-wave-mixing measurements of energy migration and radiationless relaxation
      processes in alexandrite crystals.

PMID- 9940798
TI  - Orientational order in nitrogen monolayers adsorbed on graphite at low
      temperature.

PMID- 9940799
TI  - Magnetic behavior and crystal field of Dy(BrO3)3

PMID- 9940801
TI  - Modified Sjolander-Stott integral equation for the electron distribution around
      an impurity.

PMID- 9940800
TI  - Pressure coefficients of band gaps of diamond.

PMID- 9940802
TI  - Correlation between 1/f noise and grain boundaries in thin gold films.

PMID- 9940803
TI  - Ab initio phonon quantities of simple metals from Hartree-Fock cluster
      techniques.

PMID- 9940804
TI  - Response functions for single interfaces and layered structures.

PMID- 9940805
TI  - Two-photon absorption in semiconducting quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9940806
TI  - Formation of CrSi and CrSi2 upon annealing of Cr overlayers on Si(111).

PMID- 9940807
TI  - Defect-concentration dependence of the charge-density-wave transport in
      tetrathiafulvalene tetracyanoquinodimethane.

PMID- 9940808
TI  - Coupled intra- and intersubband plasmon-phonon modes in double heterostructures.

PMID- 9940809
TI  - Erratum: Au-GaAs(110) interface: Photoemission studies of the effects of
      temperature

PMID- 9940810
TI  - Evolution of a surface state into an interface state: A probe of the buried
      epitaxial Cr/Au(100) interface.

PMID- 9940812
TI  - Surface extended-x-ray-absorption fine-structure study at the carbon K edge: The
      p4g(22)-C/Ni(100) system.

PMID- 9940811
TI  - Characteristic times for the field-activated relaxation of the charge-density
      wave in K0.3MoO3.

PMID- 9940814
TI  - Effects of gravity on equilibrium crystal shapes: Droplets hung on a wall.

PMID- 9940813
TI  - Spectroscopic evidence for an unrealized heavy-electron state in CeAl2.

PMID- 9940815
TI  - Potassium-induced empty electronic states on Ag(110).

PMID- 9940816
TI  - Photoemission study of ammonia dissociation on Si(100) below 700 K.

PMID- 9940817
TI  - Photoconductivity in trans-polyacetylene.

PMID- 9940818
TI  - Hydrogen passivation of boron acceptors in silicon: Raman studies.

PMID- 9940820
TI  - Need for an acceptor level in the AsGa-Asi model for EL2.

PMID- 9940819
TI  - Free-carrier screening of the interaction between excitons and longitudinal
      optical phonons in InxGa1-xAs-InP quantum wells.

PMID- 9940821
TI  - Analysis of the asymmetry in Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations of two-dimensional
      systems.

PMID- 9940823
TI  - Role of coherences in the relaxation of adsorbates.

PMID- 9940822
TI  - Observation of driven surface-plasmon modes in metal particulates above tunnel
      junctions.

PMID- 9940825
TI  - Quantum theory of the sticking of an atom on a cold solid: Gettering-theory
      approach.

PMID- 9940824
TI  - Theory of cyclotron resonance in an electron-phonon system.

PMID- 9940827
TI  - Short-range-force indicator for closed-shell ions based on orbital moments:
      Crystal-structure preference.

PMID- 9940826
TI  - Quantum effects in sticking and inelastic scattering of hydrogen and deuterium on
      metals, with electron-hole pair excitations.

PMID- 9940828
TI  - Size and temperature effects on the Seebeck coefficient of thin bismuth films.

PMID- 9940830
TI  - Diffraction from disordered one-dimensional islands with domain boundaries:
      Intensity behavior for various statistical approximations.

PMID- 9940829
TI  - Surface electron-energy-loss fine-structure investigation on the local structure
      of copper clusters on graphite.

PMID- 9940832
TI  - Variation of the Pb and Bi 5d binding energies and branching ratios for thin Pb
      and Bi overlayers on Ni(110).

PMID- 9940831
TI  - Quantized Hall effect and geometric localization of electrons on lattices.

PMID- 9940833
TI  - Calculation of the Debye-Waller factor for atom-surface scattering: He on
      Ag(111).

PMID- 9940834
TI  - Electronic properties of perfect and nonperfect one-dimensional quasicrystals.

PMID- 9940835
TI  - Effect of chemical bonding on positive secondary-ion yields in sputtering.

PMID- 9940837
TI  - Hydrogen and deuterium decoration of In-vacancy complexes in nickel.

PMID- 9940836
TI  - Negative thermal expansion and valence fluctuation in quasi-one-dimensional
      platinum compounds.

PMID- 9940838
TI  - Point-defect anisotropic diffusion in strained hcp metals.

PMID- 9940840
TI  - Electronic transport in a superlattice with average periodic order.

PMID- 9940839
TI  - Energy-level correlation function and ac conductivity of a finite disordered
      system.

PMID- 9940841
TI  - Extended x-ray absorption fine structure of CO2 analyzed by a new algorithm.

PMID- 9940842
TI  - Moving discommensurations interacting with diffusing impurities.

PMID- 9940843
TI  - Raman line shifts of adsorbed molecules in surface Raman spectroscopy.

PMID- 9940845
TI  - One-dimensional theory for the lowest Landau level of a disordered two
      dimensional electron system.

PMID- 9940844
TI  - Quantum diffusion in a metallic environment.

PMID- 9940846
TI  - Electronic structure and binding energy of the AsGa-Asi pair in GaAs: EL2 and the
      mobility of interstitial arsenic.

PMID- 9940847
TI  - Interpretation of acceptor excitation spectra in uniaxially stressed germanium.

PMID- 9940848
TI  - Nonlinear density-matrix equation for the study of finite-temperature soliton
      dynamics.

PMID- 9940849
TI  - Acoustic deformation potentials and heterostructure band offsets in
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9940850
TI  - Electronic structure of MoSe2, MoS2, and WSe2. I. Band-structure calculations and
      photoelectron spectroscopy.

PMID- 9940851
TI  - Electronic structure of MoSe2, MoS2, and WSe2. II. The nature of the optical band
      gaps.

PMID- 9940853
TI  - Silicide formation at the Ti/Si(111) interface: Room-temperature reaction and
      Schottky-barrier formation.

PMID- 9940852
TI  - Optical evidence of the direct-to-indirect-gap transition in GaAs-AlAs short
      period superlattices.

PMID- 9940854
TI  - Fragmentation of silicon microclusters: A molecular-dynamics study.

PMID- 9940855
TI  - Energy cusps and incompressibility in the fractional quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9940856
TI  - Use of few-domain classical models to study mode locking in charge-density-wave
      systems.

PMID- 9940857
TI  - Polaron mobility in trans-polyacetylene.

PMID- 9940858
TI  - Shallow donorlike impurity states in n-type InP in magnetic field and under
      hydrostatic pressure.

PMID- 9940859
TI  - Evolution of intermediate excitons in fluid argon and krypton.

PMID- 9940860
TI  - Nonlinear balance equations for hot-electron transport with finite phonon
      relaxation time.

PMID- 9940861
TI  - Deep-level transient spectroscopy studies of the interstitial carbon defect in
      silicon.

PMID- 9940863
TI  - Mixed conductivity and potential fluctuations in semi-insulating GaAs:Cr.

PMID- 9940862
TI  - Electrical study of Schottky-barrier heights on atomically clean p-type InP(110)
      surfaces.

PMID- 9940864
TI  - Thermalization and cooling processes in a dense photogenerated plasma in polar
      semiconductors: Effects of screening and phonon heating.

PMID- 9940865
TI  - Comparative study of Y and other transition metals on GaAs(110).

PMID- 9940866
TI  - Electron energy loss from collective excitations in superlattice structures:
      Sensitivity to the outermost layer.

PMID- 9940867
TI  - Surface mobility fluctuations in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect
      transistors.

PMID- 9940869
TI  - Charge-density-wave transport in quasi-one-dimensional conductors. II. ac-dc
      interference phenomena.

PMID- 9940870
TI  - Ballistic charge-carrier transport in semiconductor point contacts.

PMID- 9940868
TI  - Charge-density-wave transport in quasi-one-dimensional conductors. I. Current
      oscillations.

PMID- 9940872
TI  - Nonradiative energy transfer without lifetime quenching in doped Mn-based
      crystals.

PMID- 9940871
TI  - Balance equations for steady-state hot-electron transport in the approach of the
      nonequilibrium statistical operator.

PMID- 9940873
TI  - Sodium chloride structural properties: Linearized augmented-plane-wave
      calculations and pressure calibration.

PMID- 9940874
TI  - Influence of heat treatment on the relaxation ultrasonic attenuation due to two
      level systems in neutron-irradiated quartz.

PMID- 9940875
TI  - Ab initio calculations on bent-chain models of solid hydrogen fluoride.

PMID- 9940876
TI  - Structural model of Raman "defect" bands of vitreous silica.

PMID- 9940877
TI  - Photoemission from C8Rb and C4RbTl1.5: Effects of ternarization in donor graphite
      intercalates.

PMID- 9940879
TI  - Lattice spacing of hypothetical AgCl and AgBr with "switched-off" van der Waals
      interactions.

PMID- 9940878
TI  - Anisotropy and two-dimensional effects in the ESR properties of OsF6-graphite
      intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9940880
TI  - Mean-free-path concept in polycrystalline metals.

PMID- 9940881
TI  - Nonlinear elimination of magnetoresistance divergences due to Landau
      quantization.

PMID- 9940882
TI  - Magnetic field dependence of resonant tunneling in thin metal-oxide-semiconductor
      structures.

PMID- 9940883
TI  - Subbands in the gap in inverted-band semiconductor quantum wells.

PMID- 9940884
TI  - Analysis of pseudo-Jahn-Teller instability: O, S, and N- in silicon.

PMID- 9940885
TI  - Small-polaron transport in thin films of SiNx:H.

PMID- 9940886
TI  - Intensity oscillations for electron beams reflected during epitaxial growth of
      metals.

PMID- 9940887
TI  - Weak localization of photons and backscattering from finite systems.

PMID- 9940889
TI  - Heterojunction valence-band-discontinuity dependence on face orientation.

PMID- 9940888
TI  - Mass of a three-body complex on a lattice.

PMID- 9940890
TI  - 1H electron-nuclear-double-resonance-detected ESR of light-soaked undoped a-Si:H.

PMID- 9940891
TI  - Effect of chemical and elastic interactions on the phase diagrams of
      isostructural solids.

PMID- 9940892
TI  - Phonon sideband of quasi-two-dimensional excitons in GaAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9940893
TI  - New aspects of enhanced ion scattering near 180 degrees.

PMID- 9940894
TI  - Relaxation of nuclear and electronic magnetic moments in heavy-electron
      compounds.

PMID- 9940895
TI  - Rayleigh scattering and weak localization: Geometric effects and fluctuations.

PMID- 9940896
TI  - Theory of positronium formation with surface electrons for realistic band
      structures.

PMID- 9940897
TI  - Static quadrupolar perturbed NMR in structurally incommensurate systems. I.
      Electric-field-gradient tensor.

PMID- 9940899
TI  - Coherence lengths and neutron optics.

PMID- 9940898
TI  - Static quadrupolar perturbed NMR in structurally incommensurate systems. II. 87Rb
      satellite transitions in Rb2ZnBr4.

PMID- 9940900
TI  - Spin relaxation and diffusion in quasi-two-dimensional organic metals: The
      bis(ethylenedithiolo)tetrathiafulvalene compounds beta -(BEDT-TTF)2X (X=I

PMID- 9940902
TI  - Differential inelastic electron scattering cross sections from experimental
      reflection electron-energy-loss spectra: Application to background removal in
      electron spectroscopy.

PMID- 9940901
TI  - Damage processes and magnetic field orientation in ferrimagnetic oxides Y3Fe5O12
      and BaFe12O19 irradiated by high-energy heavy ions: A Mossbauer study.

PMID- 9940903
TI  - Coulomb scattering in field and photofield emission.

PMID- 9940904
TI  - 61Ni Mossbauer study of the hyperfine magnetic field near the Ni surface.

PMID- 9940905
TI  - New evidence for the folding of surface phonon modes in quasimonatomic crystals
      from He time-of-flight measurements in NaF.

PMID- 9940906
TI  - Electron, muon, and nuclear spin dynamics in SmRh4B4 and ErRh4B4.

PMID- 9940907
TI  - NMR study of 1H and 205Tl in ammonium and thallium perchlorates in the rotating
      frame: Indirect measurement of the relaxation time of rare-spin 17O.

PMID- 9940908
TI  - 2H NMR studies of structural phase transitions in some members of the deuterated
      ABF6

PMID- 9940909
TI  - Band-structure effects in photofield emission.

PMID- 9940910
TI  - Ambegaokar-Baratoff-Ginzburg-Landau crossover effects on the critical current
      density of granular superconductors.

PMID- 9940911
TI  - Functional derivatives of the current jump at the superconducting gap.

PMID- 9940912
TI  - Ortho-para dependence of the equation of state and the phonon frequency of solid
      hydrogen.

PMID- 9940913
TI  - Low-temperature heat-capacity study of superconducting ternary silicides and
      germanides with the Sc5Co4Si10-type structure.

PMID- 9940915
TI  - Theory of the effect of supercurrents on the low-voltage resistance of
      superconductor-insulator-normal-metal tunnel junctions.

PMID- 9940914
TI  - Wetting of gold-plated quartz by liquid 4He.

PMID- 9940916
TI  - Arbitrarily polarized model Fermi liquid.

PMID- 9940918
TI  - Interference effects in the R0(0) transition of solid HD.

PMID- 9940917
TI  - Fermi-surface instabilities and superconducting d-wave pairing.

PMID- 9940920
TI  - Crystal structure of the high-temperature superconductor La1.85Sr

PMID- 9940919
TI  - Gutzwiller-Hubbard lattice-gas model with variable density: Application to normal
      liquid 3He.

PMID- 9940921
TI  - Structural instability in single crystals of the high-Tc superconductor La2-x Srx
      CuO4.

PMID- 9940922
TI  - Two-phase sound in 3He-4He mixtures.

PMID- 9940924
TI  - Theory of the Kapitza resistance.

PMID- 9940923
TI  - Upper critical field of V-Ag multilayered superconductors.

PMID- 9940926
TI  - Self-consistent calculations of the pair potential and the tunneling density of
      states in proximity contacts.

PMID- 9940925
TI  - Maximum-overlap Jastrow wave function for liquid 4He.

PMID- 9940927
TI  - Control of a wetting transition by substrate surface chemistry: The interplay of
      long- and short-range forces.

PMID- 9940928
TI  - Supercooled liquids and solids in porous glass.

PMID- 9940929
TI  - Structure factors associated with melting of a p(22) ordered phase on a honeycomb
      lattice gas: Possible critical scattering at a first-order transition.

PMID- 9940930
TI  - Interface roughening and domain growth in the dilute Ising model.

PMID- 9940931
TI  - Anomalous thermal expansion of nonstoichiometric TmSe.

PMID- 9940932
TI  - Anisotropy in the paramagnetic phase of RAl2 cubic intermetallic compounds (R=Tb,
      Dy, and Er).

PMID- 9940934
TI  - Pressure-induced staging transitions and stage disorder in dilute potassium
      graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9940933
TI  - Magnetic structure of Dy-Y superlattices.

PMID- 9940935
TI  - Linear crystal acoustics and piezoelectricity of incommensurate dielectrics.

PMID- 9940936
TI  - Magnetic structure of MnP as probed by 57Fe.

PMID- 9940937
TI  - Dynamics of droplet fluctuations in pure and random Ising systems.

PMID- 9940938
TI  - Percolation effects and magnetic properties of the randomly diluted fcc system
      CopMg1-pO.

PMID- 9940939
TI  - Quasiparticle spectrum of the Hubbard model.

PMID- 9940940
TI  - Magnetization of Zn0.95Mn0.05Te in magnetic fields up to 42 T.

PMID- 9940941
TI  - Elastic and magnetoacoustic effects in heavy-fermion CePb3.

PMID- 9940942
TI  - Investigation of the pressure-induced B3-B1 phase transition in Cd1-xMnxTe (0 <=
      x <= 0.70).

PMID- 9940943
TI  - Monte Carlo test of the Flory-Huggins theory for polymer mixtures.

PMID- 9940944
TI  - Random-field Ising model as a dynamical system.

PMID- 9940945
TI  - Ferromagnetism of CeSix at ambient and high pressure.

PMID- 9940946
TI  - High-field magnetization steps and the nearest-neighbor exchange constant in Cd1
      xMnxS, Cd1-xMnxTe, and Zn1-xMnxSe.

PMID- 9940947
TI  - Localization and correlation effects in itinerant ferromagnets.

PMID- 9940949
TI  - Charge and magnetization perturbations around impurities in nickel.

PMID- 9940948
TI  - Effects of diffusing impurities on domain growth in the Ising model.

PMID- 9940950
TI  - Electron correlations in the effective-potential expansion method.

PMID- 9940952
TI  - Crystal structure, phase stability, and magnetism in Ni3V.

PMID- 9940951
TI  - Orientational order and solid-liquid coexistence in the two-dimensional Lennard
      Jones system.

PMID- 9940953
TI  - Ar-cluster-size distribution in a supersonic jet beam.

PMID- 9940954
TI  - Dynamics of magnetic-polaron formation in Cd1-xMnxSe and Cd1-xMnxTe.

PMID- 9940956
TI  - Randomly diluted xy and resistor networks near the percolation threshold.

PMID- 9940955
TI  - Ytterbium valence phase transition in YbxIn1-xCu2.

PMID- 9940957
TI  - Potts-model formulation of the random resistor network.

PMID- 9940958
TI  - Model study of the semiconductor-metal transition in BaBi1-xPbxO3 by use of a
      spatially inhomogeneous order-parameter approximation.

PMID- 9940959
TI  - Complete unbinding and quasi-long-range order in lamellar phases.

PMID- 9940960
TI  - Metastable phase equilibrium during solid-state amorphization reaction of Zr-Co
      layers.

PMID- 9940961
TI  - Dynamical corrections to density-functional theory for quasiparticles in
      ferromagnetic 4f systems. I. T=0 results for EuO.

PMID- 9940963
TI  - Low-temperature magnetic structure of FeSn2.

PMID- 9940962
TI  - Dynamical corrections to density-functional theory for quasiparticles in
      ferromagnetic 4f systems. II. Finite-temperature results for EuO.

PMID- 9940964
TI  - Directed percolation: "field" exponents and a test of scaling in two and three
      dimensions.

PMID- 9940965
TI  - Effect of oxygen on magnetism at the surface of Cr(100).

PMID- 9940966
TI  - Role of boundary conditions in the finite-size Ising model.

PMID- 9940967
TI  - Ferrimagnetism of Cu0.45Co0.55Cr2S4-ySey.

PMID- 9940968
TI  - Dimerization transition versus neutral-ionic transition in organic mixed-stack
      compounds.

PMID- 9940969
TI  - Real-space renormalization study of a quantum spin glass with Ruderman-Kittel
      Kasuya-Yosida interactions.

PMID- 9940970
TI  - Raman scattering in antiferromagnetic FePS3 and FePSe3 crystals.

PMID- 9940971
TI  - Kinetic theory of a quantum particle interacting with a dissipative environment.

PMID- 9940973
TI  - Test of s-wave pairing in heavy-fermion systems due to Kondo volume collapse.

PMID- 9940972
TI  - Glassy phase in an array of Josephson junctions.

PMID- 9940974
TI  - Superconductivity at 90 K in a multiphase oxide of Y-Ba-Cu.

PMID- 9940975
TI  - High-Tc superconductivity in regions of possible compound formation: Y2-xBaxCuO4
      x/2+ delta and Y2-xBa1+xCu2O6-x/2+ delta.

PMID- 9940976
TI  - Bulk superconductivity at 36 K in La1.8Sr0.2CuO4.

PMID- 9940977
TI  - Determination of charge carriers in superconducting La-Ba-Cu-O by thermoelectric
      measurements.

PMID- 9940978
TI  - Two-dimensional plasmons in nonstoichiometric La2NiO

PMID- 9940979
TI  - Magnetic penetration depth and flux-pinning effects in high-Tc superconductor
      La1.85Sr0.15CuO.

PMID- 9940980
TI  - Magnetic field penetration depth of La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 measured by muon spin
      relaxation.

PMID- 9940981
TI  - Crystal structure of the high-Tc superconductor Ba2YCu3O9- delta.

PMID- 9940982
TI  - Temperature-dependent x-ray studies of the high-Tc superconductor La1.9Ba0.1CuO4.

PMID- 9940983
TI  - Neutron-diffraction and magnetization studies of UP0.80S0.20 single crystals:
      Observation of several incommensurate and field-induced ferrimagnetic phases.

PMID- 9940984
TI  - Localization in disordered chains with on-site Coulomb repulsion.

PMID- 9940985
TI  - Field quenching: A method to achieve a random initial state for aging experiments
      on spin glasses.

PMID- 9940987
TI  - Breakup of long-range order in the diluted antiferromagnet K2MnxZn1-xF4 in zero
      magnetic field.

PMID- 9940986
TI  - Electrical resistivity of amorphous Fe82B18-xGex alloys: Coherent electron-magnon
      scattering contribution.

PMID- 9940988
TI  - Monte Carlo renormalization-group study of the discrete Gaussian model.

PMID- 9940989
TI  - Localization properties of the one-dimensional Anderson model with a self-similar
      random potential.

PMID- 9940990
TI  - Resonant modes in Ising antiferromagnets at the critical magnetic field.

PMID- 9940991
TI  - Irreversibility lines in uniform anisotropic ferromagnets.

PMID- 9940992
TI  - Ground state of the uranium ion in a metal with large j

PMID- 9940993
TI  - Scaling theory of diffusion in the presence of large traps.

PMID- 9940994
TI  - Comment on "Amorphization of the Ising ferromagnet with a transverse field"

PMID- 9940996
TI  - Comment on "Temperature dependence of the response time of dilute metallic spin
      glasses"

PMID- 9940995
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Amorphization of the Ising ferromagnet with a transverse
      field' "

PMID- 9940997
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Temperature dependence of the response time of dilute
      metallic spin glasses' "

PMID- 9940999
TI  - Temperature and composition dependence of the tetragonal-orthorhombic distortion
      in La2-xSrxCuO4- delta.

PMID- 9940998
TI  - X-ray absorption studies of La2-x(Ba,Sr)xCuO4 superconductors.

PMID- 9941000
TI  - High-resolution synchrotron x-ray study of the structure of La1.8Ba0.2CuO4-y.

PMID- 9941001
TI  - Determination of valence of Cu in superconducting La2-x(Sr,Ba)xCuO

PMID- 9941003
TI  - Specific-heat measurements on two high-transition-temperature superconducting
      oxides: La1.85Ba

PMID- 9941002
TI  - X-ray-absorption studies of the high-Tc superconductors La1.8Sr0.2CuO4 and
      La1.8Ba0.2CuO4.

PMID- 9941004
TI  - Heat capacity of superconducting La1.85Sr0.15CuO4.

PMID- 9941005
TI  - Absence of specific-heat anomaly at the superconducting transition in
      La1.8Ba0.2CuO4-y.

PMID- 9941006
TI  - Local tunneling measurements of the high-Tc superconductor La2-xSrxCuO4-y.

PMID- 9941007
TI  - Measurements of the superconducting gap of La-Sr-Cu-O with a scanning-tunneling
      microscope.

PMID- 9941008
TI  - Energy gap in La1.85Sr

PMID- 9941009
TI  - Electron-tunneling studies of thin films of high-Tc superconducting La-Sr-Cu-O.

PMID- 9941011
TI  - X-ray identification of the superconducting high-Tc phase in the Y-Ba-Cu-O
      system.

PMID- 9941010
TI  - Observation of a low-energy infrared anomoly in superconducting La1.85Sr0.15CuO4.

PMID- 9941012
TI  - Crystallographic description of phases in the Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor.

PMID- 9941014
TI  - Room-temperature structure of the 90-K bulk superconductor YBa2Cu3O8-x.

PMID- 9941013
TI  - Superconductivity above 90 K in the compound YBa2Cu3Ox: Structural, transport,
      and magnetic properties.

PMID- 9941016
TI  - Evidence of conventional superconductivity in La-Ba-Cu-O compounds.

PMID- 9941015
TI  - Upper critical fields of high-Tc superconducting Y2-xBax

PMID- 9941017
TI  - Effect of quasiparticle tunneling on quantum-phase fluctuations and the onset of
      superconductivity in granular films.

PMID- 9941018
TI  - Fermi surface of UPt3 within the local-density approximation.

PMID- 9941020
TI  - Replica symmetry breaking in random-field systems.

PMID- 9941019
TI  - Anelastic relaxation due to the tunneling of trapped D in Ta.

PMID- 9941021
TI  - Spectroscopy of glassy systems with a relaxation-time distribution: Application
      to Brillouin scattering on Rb0.65(NH4)0.35H2PO4.

PMID- 9941022
TI  - Ionic and electronic contributions to the Li chemical potential in LixRuzMo6
      zSe8.

PMID- 9941023
TI  - Magnetic structure observed in an applied field in reentrant Au0.81Fe

PMID- 9941024
TI  - Characteristic pore sizes and transport in porous media.

PMID- 9941025
TI  - Magnetic phase transitions close to the bicritical concentration in EuSySe1-y.

PMID- 9941027
TI  - Modulated magnetic properties in synthetic rare-earth Gd-Y superlattices.

PMID- 9941026
TI  - Phase transitions of Josephson-tunnel-junction arrays at zero and full
      frustration.

PMID- 9941028
TI  - Stretched-exponential nuclear magnetization recovery in the proton pseudo-spin
      glass Rb1-x(NH4)xH2AsO4.

PMID- 9941029
TI  - Critical wetting in the presence of power-law surface fields.

PMID- 9941030
TI  - Properties of a spin-1 system with competing interactions and reentrant magnetic
      behavior.

PMID- 9941032
TI  - Helicon-wave propagation in a periodic structure.

PMID- 9941031
TI  - Self-consistent calculation of the eigenfrequencies for the electronic
      excitations in small jellium spheres.

PMID- 9941033
TI  - Aharonov-Bohm effect and weak localization in cylindrical Ag films.

PMID- 9941034
TI  - Numerical simulation of the dense random packing of a binary mixture of hard
      spheres: Amorphous metals.

PMID- 9941035
TI  - Image potential for a tunneling electron.

PMID- 9941036
TI  - Analytical calculation of stopping power for isolated small spheres.

PMID- 9941037
TI  - Influence of the pseudopotential on the properties of liquid rubidium at 315 K.

PMID- 9941039
TI  - Enhanced Raman scattering with one monolayer of silver.

PMID- 9941038
TI  - Fast-ion-induced erosion of leucine as a function of the electronic stopping
      power.

PMID- 9941040
TI  - Analytical models for positron annihilation at a vacancy in metals.

PMID- 9941042
TI  - Tight-binding analysis of the electronic structure of the Al(110) surface.

PMID- 9941041
TI  - Many-electron effects in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool
      for metallic glasses.

PMID- 9941043
TI  - Density-functional approach to second-harmonic generation at metal surfaces.

PMID- 9941044
TI  - Atom profiles of interfaces with polar-angle-dependent photoemission:
      Au/GaAs(100).

PMID- 9941045
TI  - Interatomic interactions in the effective-medium theory.

PMID- 9941047
TI  - Bonding or antibonding position of hydrogen in silicon.

PMID- 9941046
TI  - Magnetoplasmons in a two-dimensional electron gas: Strip geometry.

PMID- 9941048
TI  - Model dielectric constants of GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs, and InSb.

PMID- 9941049
TI  - Theoretical and experimental investigation of the effective g factor of donor
      bound electrons in InSb.

PMID- 9941050
TI  - Small-oscillation theory of the one-dimensional large optic polaron.

PMID- 9941051
TI  - Spin-orbit coupling in superlattices.

PMID- 9941052
TI  - Screened potential for planar charged sheets within a semi-infinite Landau
      quantized plasma.

PMID- 9941053
TI  - Electronic structures of GeSe2 in crystalline, amorphous, and Ag-photodoped
      amorphous phases studied by photoemission and optical spectra.

PMID- 9941054
TI  - Photoionization cross section of the DX center in Si-doped AlxGa1-xAs.

PMID- 9941055
TI  - Divacancy production in low-temperature electron-irradiated silicon.

PMID- 9941057
TI  - Equation of state of InP to 19 GPa.

PMID- 9941056
TI  - Effect of picosecond-laser-driven shock waves on spontaneous and stimulated
      emissions in GaSe.

PMID- 9941058
TI  - Photoemission study of bonding at the CaF2-on-Si(111) interface.

PMID- 9941059
TI  - Interplay of disorder and electron-phonon coupling in models of polyacetylene.

PMID- 9941060
TI  - Many-body aspects of the optical spectra of bulk and low-dimensional doped
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9941062
TI  - Pressure dependence of impurity levels in semiconductors: The deep gold acceptor
      level and shallow donor and acceptor levels in silicon.

PMID- 9941061
TI  - Spin dephasing in disordered semiconductors and metals.

PMID- 9941063
TI  - Exciton binding energy in a quantum well with inclusion of valence-band coupling
      and nonparabolicity.

PMID- 9941064
TI  - High-frequency conductivity of superlattices with electron-phonon coupling.

PMID- 9941065
TI  - High-pressure phases of III-V zinc-blende semiconductors.

PMID- 9941067
TI  - Hopping conduction and luminescence relaxation due to donor-acceptor pairs.

PMID- 9941066
TI  - a-Si thin-film growth by sputtering: A Monte Carlo study.

PMID- 9941069
TI  - Thermal conductivity of a single polymer chain.

PMID- 9941068
TI  - Theoretical total-energy study of the transformation of graphite into hexagonal
      diamond.

PMID- 9941070
TI  - Optical properties and formation of oxygen-perturbed F2 + color center in NaCl.

PMID- 9941071
TI  - Thermodynamical behavior of the E' center in the optical-fiber drawing process.

PMID- 9941072
TI  - Exciton luminescence and polariton effects in alkali iodide crystals.

PMID- 9941073
TI  - La 4d-->4f resonance absorption in LaF3: Temperature dependence.

PMID- 9941074
TI  - Conduction-band structure of graphite studied by combined angle-resolved inverse
      photoemission and target current spectroscopy.

PMID- 9941075
TI  - Electronic structure of alumina and ruby.

PMID- 9941077
TI  - ir absorption of CN- defects in cesium halides rotationally aligned by alkali
      metal-ion impurities.

PMID- 9941076
TI  - Conduction noise in the charge-density-wave compound K0.3MoO3 at low
      temperatures.

PMID- 9941078
TI  - c-axis interaction and conductivity of a stage-2 SbCl5-graphite compound.

PMID- 9941079
TI  - Functional integral for the molecular polaron with q2 coupling: First-loop
      correction.

PMID- 9941080
TI  - Self-energy of image states.

PMID- 9941081
TI  - Optical absorption by aggregates of small particles.

PMID- 9941082
TI  - Analytical model for the neutralization probability in slow ion-surface
      collisions.

PMID- 9941083
TI  - Optical-phonon effects on the elastic constants of PdHx and PdDx.

PMID- 9941084
TI  - Inverse-photoemission observation of the shape resonance.

PMID- 9941085
TI  - Dynamic orbital forces and molecular geometry in the density-functional
      formalism.

PMID- 9941086
TI  - Electron-phonon interaction effects in a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas in
      the GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs heterostructure.

PMID- 9941087
TI  - Theoretical calculation for a ZnSe-Ge(110) heterojunction with an ultrathin
      intralayer.

PMID- 9941089
TI  - g factor of electrons in an InAs quantum well.

PMID- 9941088
TI  - Hot-electron relaxation in quantum-well structures: Multisubband occupation.

PMID- 9941090
TI  - Optical absorption from polarons in a diatomic polymer.

PMID- 9941091
TI  - Erratum: Theory of classical diffusion jumps in solids

PMID- 9941092
TI  - Observation of dislocationlike images in large-grain quasicrystals of Li-Cu-Al.

PMID- 9941094
TI  - Mixing in charge-density-wave conductors.

PMID- 9941093
TI  - Evolution of adsorbate core-hole states after bound and continuum primary
      excitation: Relaxation versus decay.

PMID- 9941096
TI  - Comparison of neutral to ionic photodesorption in the valence region: CO/Ru(001).

PMID- 9941095
TI  - Energetics of charged small metal particles.

PMID- 9941097
TI  - Quantitative multiple-scattering analysis of near-edge x-ray-absorption fine
      structure: c(22)O on Cu(100).

PMID- 9941098
TI  - Spin-resolved angle-dependent photoemission study of ordered Fe3Pt(001) Invar.

PMID- 9941099
TI  - (11) to (15) surface reconstruction of Ir(001) by pulsed-laser heating: A field
      ion-microscope study.

PMID- 9941100
TI  - Steady-state photomodulation spectroscopy of a-Si:H/a-SiNx:H multilayer
      structures.

PMID- 9941102
TI  - Proposed use of a scanning-tunneling-microscope tunnel junction for the
      measurement of a tunneling time.

PMID- 9941101
TI  - Band nonparabolicity effects in semiconductor quantum wells.

PMID- 9941103
TI  - Light-induced defect creation in hydrogenated amorphous silicon: A detailed
      examination using junction-capacitance methods.

PMID- 9941104
TI  - Below-gap excitation spectroscopy of optically induced paramagnetic states in
      vitreous As2S

PMID- 9941106
TI  - Finite-temperature transition for the fractional quantized Hall effect.

PMID- 9941105
TI  - Transitions to confined states of the split-off band in GaAs-(Al,Ga)As multiple
      quantum-well heterostructures.

PMID- 9941107
TI  - Theory and observation of highly asymmetric atomic structure in scanning
      tunneling-microscopy images of graphite.

PMID- 9941108
TI  - Core-exciton-induced desorption from MgO.

PMID- 9941109
TI  - Surface waves in Au/Cr superlattices.

PMID- 9941111
TI  - Theory of helium diffraction from copper surfaces.

PMID- 9941110
TI  - Adsorption on stepped surfaces: The adsorbate concentration profile and its
      induced work-function change.

PMID- 9941112
TI  - Solid-state properties of one-dimensional metals based on bis(oxalato)platinate
      anions with divalent cations.

PMID- 9941113
TI  - Local-space approximation for treatment of chemisorption: Application to a model
      transition-metal system.

PMID- 9941114
TI  - Frequency-dependent current density in thin metallic films.

PMID- 9941115
TI  - Surface-sandwich segregation and multilayer relaxation on Pt0.5Ni0.5(110)
      measured by low-energy electron diffraction: An observation of face-related
      segregation reversal.

PMID- 9941116
TI  - Three states of a polaron on the surface of a liquid-helium film in a uniform
      magnetic field.

PMID- 9941117
TI  - Electron density-functional theory and x-ray structure factors.

PMID- 9941119
TI  - Evaluation of some effective-medium theories for liquid and amorphous metals.

PMID- 9941118
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission study of the (100) surface of a ZrN0.93 single
      crystal.

PMID- 9941120
TI  - Influence of preparation technique on the electrical conductivity of Ag2HgI4.

PMID- 9941121
TI  - Ion-beam-induced epitaxial vapor-phase growth: A molecular-dynamics study.

PMID- 9941122
TI  - Effect of spin-orbit coupling on the conduction-electron Zeeman splitting in
      platinum-group metals.

PMID- 9941123
TI  - Valence-level photoemission spectra of the actinide intermetallic compounds
      ThPt3, UPt5, UAu3, and USn3.

PMID- 9941124
TI  - Photoemission study of the Al-Sb(111) interface.

PMID- 9941125
TI  - de Haas-van Alphen effect in MoSi2.

PMID- 9941126
TI  - Determination of the incommensurately modulated structure of alpha -uranium below
      37 K.

PMID- 9941127
TI  - Step profiles predicted with the modified point-ion model for eight face-centered
      and body-centered-cubic surfaces.

PMID- 9941128
TI  - Macroscopic physics of the silicon inversion layer.

PMID- 9941130
TI  - Drift-velocity saturation of holes in anthracene at room temperature.

PMID- 9941129
TI  - Raman-scattering study of the high-pressure phase transition in Cd1-xMnxTe.

PMID- 9941131
TI  - Effect of valence dielectric screening on ionized-impurity-scattering-limited
      mobility in GaAs.

PMID- 9941132
TI  - Charge-density-wave states in the fractional quantum Hall regime.

PMID- 9941133
TI  - Conductivity relaxation time due to electron-hole collisions in optically excited
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9941135
TI  - NN2 trap in GaP: A reexamination.

PMID- 9941134
TI  - Midgap injection-induced absorption in amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9941136
TI  - Interpretation of experiments implying density of states between Landau levels of
      a two-dimensional electron gas by a statistical model for inhomogeneities.

PMID- 9941138
TI  - Pressure dependence of the permittivity of trigonal Se and Te.

PMID- 9941137
TI  - Comparative high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy study of hydrogen
      adsorption on GaAs and InP (111) and (1-bar 1-bar 1-bar) surfaces.

PMID- 9941140
TI  - Resonant Raman scattering by LO phonons in AlxGa1-xAs (x < 0.1): Alloying and
      interference effects.

PMID- 9941139
TI  - Optical reflectivity spectra of the mixed-stack organic charge-transfer crystal
      tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil under hydrostatic pressure.

PMID- 9941141
TI  - Direct calculation of interfacial energetics: Roles of axial commensuration and
      strain in epitaxial growth.

PMID- 9941143
TI  - Inter-quantum-well diffusion in semiconductor superlattices.

PMID- 9941142
TI  - Surface structure of Ge(100) studied by He diffraction.

PMID- 9941145
TI  - Tetrahedron model for the dielectric function of amorphous silicon-carbon alloys.

PMID- 9941144
TI  - Establishment of an effective-mass Hamiltonian for abrupt heterojunctions.

PMID- 9941146
TI  - Optical constants of a series of amorphous hydrogenated silicon-carbon alloy
      films: Dependence of optical response on film microstructure and evidence for
      homogeneous chemical ordering.

PMID- 9941148
TI  - Theory of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor
      microcrystallites.

PMID- 9941147
TI  - One-dimensional exciton diffusion in a conjugated polymer.

PMID- 9941150
TI  - Classical description of laser-induced desorption rates.

PMID- 9941149
TI  - Simple model for resonant tunneling beyond the effective-mass approximation.

PMID- 9941151
TI  - Variational calculation of polarization of quantum-well photoluminescence.

PMID- 9941153
TI  - Kinetics of high-density plasmas generated in Si by 1.06- and 0.53- microm
      picosecond laser pulses.

PMID- 9941152
TI  - Theoretical study of band offsets at semiconductor interfaces.

PMID- 9941155
TI  - Photoemission surface core-level study of sulfur adsorption on Ge(100).

PMID- 9941154
TI  - Self-consistent linear-combination-of-Gaussian-orbitals approach for polymers:
      Application to trans-(CH)x.

PMID- 9941156
TI  - Theory of infrared absorption in silicon.

PMID- 9941157
TI  - Ab initio pseudopotential study of structural and high-pressure properties of
      SiC.

PMID- 9941158
TI  - Deuteron diffusion and photoluminescence in lithium-doped MgO crystals.

PMID- 9941159
TI  - Structural and electronic properties of graphite via an all-electron total-energy
      local-density approach.

PMID- 9941160
TI  - Dynamics and electronic properties of the Tl+-perturbed Tl0(1) center in KCl,
      KBr, and RbCl as probed by resonant Raman scattering.

PMID- 9941161
TI  - Oxygen vacancy and the E1' center in crystalline SiO2.

PMID- 9941162
TI  - Pressure-temperature phase diagrams of stage-2-4 potassium-graphite intercalation
      compounds deduced from anomalies in the basal-plane resistivity.

PMID- 9941163
TI  - Calculated normal photoemission from an unrelaxed NiAl(110) surface.

PMID- 9941164
TI  - Electronic structure of cubic sodium tungsten bronze.

PMID- 9941165
TI  - Inelastic proton-solid collisions.

PMID- 9941166
TI  - Positron diffusion in Mo: The role of epithermal positrons.

PMID- 9941167
TI  - Classical transport within the scattering formalism.

PMID- 9941168
TI  - Lattice vibrations in ternary II-VI compounds.

PMID- 9941169
TI  - Long-range interaction of a helium atom with intercalated graphite.

PMID- 9941170
TI  - Symmetry and rotational epitaxy of incommensurate Xe layers on Pt(111).

PMID- 9941171
TI  - Evidence for a critical composition in group-IV-VI chalcogenide glasses.

PMID- 9941172
TI  - Nonequilibrium cooling of thermalized electrons and holes in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs
      quantum wells.

PMID- 9941173
TI  - Anomalous confinement effects in HgTe-CdTe superlattices.

PMID- 9941174
TI  - Giant oscillator strength of free excitons in GaAs.

PMID- 9941175
TI  - Yield of photofield emitted electrons from tungsten.

PMID- 9941176
TI  - Compositional dependence of radiation damage in ion-irradiated amorphous Ni-B.

PMID- 9941177
TI  - High-pressure Raman study of the vibrational modes in AlPO4 and SiO2 ( alpha 
      quartz).

PMID- 9941178
TI  - Effect of magnetic order on the fluorescence dynamics of TbF3.

PMID- 9941179
TI  - Charge transfer in secondary-ion emission: Tight-binding studies in Si and Si:O
      clusters.

PMID- 9941180
TI  - Spectroscopic studies of excited Tm3+ ions in alkaline-earth fluorides.

PMID- 9941181
TI  - Auger neutralization spectroscopy of clean and adsorbate-covered transition-metal
      surfaces by deexcitation of metastable noble-gas atoms.

PMID- 9941182
TI  - Quantum theory of positronium formation at surfaces.

PMID- 9941183
TI  - Electron-spin-resonance studies of pristine and heavily doped polyacenic
      materials.

PMID- 9941184
TI  - Fluorescent emission spectra of lithium fluoride with use of synchrotron
      radiation.

PMID- 9941185
TI  - Electric-field-gradient tensor for cadmium impurities in alpha -gallium.

PMID- 9941186
TI  - Electric-field-gradient tensor orientation for As and Ge atoms in alpha -gallium.

PMID- 9941187
TI  - Landau parameters of almost-localized Fermi liquids.

PMID- 9941188
TI  - Superconducting phase boundary of aperiodic networks in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9941189
TI  - Weak localization in superconductors: A study of radiation-damaged Nb3Ir.

PMID- 9941190
TI  - Magnetic-field penetration depth and material parameters of V-Ag multilayered
      superconductors.

PMID- 9941192
TI  - Momentum-dependent scattering-amplitude model for liquid 3He.

PMID- 9941191
TI  - Magnetic studies of strontium lanthanum copper oxides.

PMID- 9941194
TI  - Comparison of the critical magnetic scattering from the Heisenberg system EuO
      with renormalization-group theory.

PMID- 9941193
TI  - Theory of ultrasonic attenuation in impure anisotropic p-wave superconductors.

PMID- 9941195
TI  - EuxSr1-xTe: Spin-glass behavior in a diluted antiferromagnet.

PMID- 9941196
TI  - Thermodynamics of field-induced spin-density-wave states in Bechgaard salts. III.

PMID- 9941197
TI  - Mean-field theory of local freezing in the Ising model.

PMID- 9941198
TI  - Simulation of normal Rb2ZnCl4 near the incommensurate transition.

PMID- 9941199
TI  - Spin and charge correlations around an Anderson magnetic impurity.

PMID- 9941200
TI  - Symmetry, phase transition, and polymer limit n=0.

PMID- 9941201
TI  - Isotope effect on BaTiO3 ferroelectric phase transitions.

PMID- 9941202
TI  - Classification of octahedral tilting phases in the perovskitelike A2BX4
      structure.

PMID- 9941203
TI  - Dynamical scaling in the Q-state Potts model.

PMID- 9941204
TI  - Competition between the Kondo effect and exchange interactions in the system
      CeSix.

PMID- 9941205
TI  - Numerical simulation of dynamics in the XY model.

PMID- 9941207
TI  - Dynamics of strongly coupled model rotational-translational systems.

PMID- 9941206
TI  - Ground-state properties and neutral-to-ionic transformation of organic mixed
      stack compounds: Mean-field approximation.

PMID- 9941208
TI  - Ground-state properties of Heisenberg spin chains.

PMID- 9941209
TI  - Concentration fluctuations of polystyrene-polybutadiene blends.

PMID- 9941210
TI  - Anomalous diffusion and low-temperature spin-glass susceptibility.

PMID- 9941211
TI  - Site percolation on central-force elastic networks.

PMID- 9941212
TI  - Development of long-range order in Hg3- delta AsF6 and Hg3- delta SbF6.

PMID- 9941214
TI  - Magnetostriction of Ce in CexLa1-xAl2.

PMID- 9941213
TI  - Effects of defects on the incommensurate phase of sodium nitrite crystals.

PMID- 9941216
TI  - Linear elasticity theory of pentagonal quasicrystals.

PMID- 9941215
TI  - Exact solutions for perpendicular susceptibilities of kagome and decorated-kagome
      Ising models.

PMID- 9941217
TI  - Effects of edge pinning on the melting transition of a two-dimensional solid.

PMID- 9941218
TI  - Magnetic properties of iron-rich Fe-Zr glasses.

PMID- 9941219
TI  - Relation between the classical resistance of inhomogeneous networks and
      diffusion.

PMID- 9941220
TI  - Random and nonrandom anisotropy-induced crossover in vector spin glasses.

PMID- 9941221
TI  - Topological disorder hierarchically trapped at frustration sites: Physical
      picture for a glass.

PMID- 9941222
TI  - Nonlinear wave propagation in periodic systems: The driven sine-Toda chain.

PMID- 9941223
TI  - Crystal-field effects in the high-field magnetization of polycrystalline PrNi5.

PMID- 9941224
TI  - High-field magnetization of polycrystalline praseodymium.

PMID- 9941226
TI  - Critical behavior and metastability of the magnetization in the random-field
      Ising system Fe

PMID- 9941225
TI  - Molecular-dynamics simulation of a model with incommensurate phases.

PMID- 9941227
TI  - Influence of damping in an electron gas on vicinage effects in ion-cluster energy
      loss.

PMID- 9941228
TI  - Superconductivity of the single-phase compound Er1Ba2Cu3O9- delta : Transport and
      structural properties.

PMID- 9941229
TI  - Pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature in the 94-K
      superconductor YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9941230
TI  - Tunneling spectroscopy of a La-Sr-Cu-O break junction: Evidence for strong
      coupling superconductivity.

PMID- 9941232
TI  - Critical temperatures of superconductors with low dimensionality.

PMID- 9941231
TI  - Electronic structure of Eu in the high-Tc superconductor Ba2EuCu

PMID- 9941234
TI  - Numerical simulation of the resonant valence-bond state.

PMID- 9941233
TI  - 1e and 2e superconductivity in spin liquids and spin crystals.

PMID- 9941235
TI  - Antiferromagnetic singlet pairs, high-frequency phonons, and superconductivity.

PMID- 9941236
TI  - Superconductivity in A15 compounds under nonhydrostatic stress.

PMID- 9941237
TI  - Symmetry considerations and physical properties of the order parameter of the 3He
      A-B interface.

PMID- 9941238
TI  - Weak localization in short wires: Influence of boundary conditions.

PMID- 9941239
TI  - Ni participation in the magnetism of Fe-Ni-Si-B amorphous alloys.

PMID- 9941241
TI  - Calorimetric and dilatometric study of the Curie transition in holmium.

PMID- 9941240
TI  - Potts glass on the Bethe lattice.

PMID- 9941242
TI  - Scher and Zallen criterion: Applicability to composite systems.

PMID- 9941244
TI  - Electrons bound on a liquid-helium surface in the presence of a laser field.

PMID- 9941243
TI  - Comment on "Carrier-concentration dependence of critical superconducting current
      induced by the proximity effect in silicon"

PMID- 9941245
TI  - Positron deformation potential and the temperature dependence of the electron and
      positron work functions.

PMID- 9941246
TI  - Nonuniqueness of the state of amorphous pure iron.

PMID- 9941247
TI  - Antiphase domain boundaries in the superconducting phase of the Y-Ba-Cu-O system.

PMID- 9941248
TI  - Oxygen ordering in the crystal structure of the 93-K superconductor YBa2Cu3O7
      using powder neutron diffraction at 298 and 79.5 K.

PMID- 9941249
TI  - Effect of compositional variation and annealing in oxygen on superconducting
      properties of Y1Ba

PMID- 9941250
TI  - Neutron study of the crystal structure and vacancy distribution in the
      superconductor Ba2YCu

PMID- 9941251
TI  - Effect of transition-metal elements on the superconductivity of Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9941252
TI  - Elasticity studies of La2-xSrxCuO4.

PMID- 9941253
TI  - Ultrasound studies of the high-Tc superconductor La1.85Sr0.15CuO4.

PMID- 9941254
TI  - Meissner effect in Y-Ba-Cu-O and La-Sr-Cu-O high-temperature superconductors.

PMID- 9941255
TI  - Thermoelectric power of some high-Tc oxides.

PMID- 9941256
TI  - Weak-field magnetization of superconducting Y1Ba2Cu3Ox: Relationship to
      microstructure.

PMID- 9941257
TI  - Transport properties of the superconducting oxide La1.85Sr0.15CuO4.

PMID- 9941259
TI  - Hall effect of La2-xSrxCuO4: Implications for the electronic structure in the
      normal state.

PMID- 9941258
TI  - Electronic structure of the high-Tc superconductor Sr0.2La1.8CuO4.

PMID- 9941260
TI  - Photoemission studies of the high-Tc superconductor Ba2YCu3O9- delta.

PMID- 9941261
TI  - Spectroscopic evidence for strongly correlated electronic states in La-Sr-Cu and
      Y-Ba-Cu oxides.

PMID- 9941262
TI  - Resonant photoemission study of superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9941263
TI  - Thin superconducting oxide films.

PMID- 9941264
TI  - Superconductivity in (La0.9Sr

PMID- 9941265
TI  - Surface impedance measurements in La1.8Ba

PMID- 9941266
TI  - Far-infrared measurement of alpha 2( omega )F( omega ) in superconducting
      La1.84Sr

PMID- 9941267
TI  - Phonon density of states in La

PMID- 9941268
TI  - Phonon dispersion curves for La1.85Sr0.15CuO4.

PMID- 9941269
TI  - Phonon Raman scattering in superconducting La1.85Sr

PMID- 9941271
TI  - Tunneling and infrared measurements of the energy gap in the high-critical
      temperature superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9941270
TI  - Far-infrared measurement of the gap of the high-Tc superconductor La1.85Sr

PMID- 9941272
TI  - Point-contact electron tunneling into the high-Tc superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9941273
TI  - Tunneling measurement of the energy gap in Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9941274
TI  - Break-junction tunneling measurements of the high-Tc superconductor Y1Ba2Cu3O9-
      delta.

PMID- 9941276
TI  - Optic breathing mode, resonant charge fluctuations, and high-Tc superconductivity
      in the layered perovskites.

PMID- 9941275
TI  - Macroscopic quantum phenomena in high-Tc superconducting material.

PMID- 9941277
TI  - Topology of the resonating valence-bond state: Solitons and high-Tc
      superconductivity.

PMID- 9941278
TI  - Plasmons and high-temperature superconductivity in alloys of copper oxides.

PMID- 9941279
TI  - Tunneling spectroscopy of the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCu

PMID- 9941280
TI  - Dipole-dipole interactions and the critical resistivity of gadolinium.

PMID- 9941281
TI  - Magnetic phase transitions in EuNi5P3: Unusual steps in the magnetization with
      field.

PMID- 9941282
TI  - Transmission-electron-microscopy observation of the memory effect through the
      pattern of discommensurations in barium sodium niobate.

PMID- 9941283
TI  - Chaos in spin glasses: A renormalization-group study.

PMID- 9941284
TI  - Effect of pressure on the electrical resistance of EuO.

PMID- 9941286
TI  - Intersection of two fractal objects: Useful method of estimating the fractal
      dimension.

PMID- 9941285
TI  - Coherent backscattering of neutrons.

PMID- 9941287
TI  - Surface-plasmon-enhanced Brillouin scattering on silver films: Double-resonance
      effect.

PMID- 9941288
TI  - Stark-ladder resonances in ordered and disordered electrified chains.

PMID- 9941289
TI  - Photoemission study of valence fluctuation in YbCu2.

PMID- 9941291
TI  - Longitudinal magnetoresistance of potassium.

PMID- 9941290
TI  - Electronically stimulated desorption from physisorbed layers on metal surfaces:
      Kinetic-energy distributions of desorbed neutral atoms.

PMID- 9941292
TI  - Transport properties of random and nonrandom substitutionally disordered alloys.
      I. Exact numerical calculation of the ac conductivity.

PMID- 9941293
TI  - Transport properties of random and nonrandom substitutionally disordered alloys.
      II. New cluster formulation of the ac conductivity and numerical applications.

PMID- 9941294
TI  - Scaling behavior and surface-plasmon modes in metal-insulator composites.

PMID- 9941296
TI  - Tight-binding coherent-potential-approximation study of the electronic states of
      palladium-noble-metal alloys.

PMID- 9941295
TI  - Magnetic-field and polarization dependence of the direct electromagnetic
      generation of ultrasound in potassium.

PMID- 9941297
TI  - Density-functional calculation of quadrupolar contributions to the atom-metal van
      der Waals interaction.

PMID- 9941298
TI  - Surface-structural analysis by use of spin-polarized low-energy electron
      diffraction: An investigation of the Cu(100) surface.

PMID- 9941299
TI  - Localized eigenstates of one-dimensional tight-binding systems: A new algorithm.

PMID- 9941300
TI  - Development of a three-dimensional valence-band structure in Ag overlayers on
      Cu(001).

PMID- 9941302
TI  - Chemical reaction and Schottky-barrier formation at the Ir/Si interface.

PMID- 9941301
TI  - Electrical conduction in low-resistivity (quasiamorphous) Ag1-xCux alloys.

PMID- 9941304
TI  - Fundamental difficulty in the use of second-harmonic generation as a strictly
      surface probe.

PMID- 9941305
TI  - Quantum theory of the double layer: Model including solvent structure.

PMID- 9941303
TI  - X-ray diffraction studies of the structure of nanometer-sized crystalline
      materials.

PMID- 9941306
TI  - Dispersionless states in random Cayley trees with multiple connectivity.

PMID- 9941307
TI  - Crystal-field model for acceptor-associated bound magnetic polarons in wurtzite
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9941309
TI  - Phase diagram of silicon by molecular dynamics.

PMID- 9941308
TI  - Folding effects in GaAs-AlAs superlattices.

PMID- 9941310
TI  - Electron-energy-loss study of the space-charge region at semiconductor surfaces.

PMID- 9941312
TI  - Nonradiative recombination via deep impurity levels in silicon: Experiment.

PMID- 9941311
TI  - Role of correlations in (GaSb)1-xGe2x alloys.

PMID- 9941314
TI  - Effective-mass change of electrons in Si inversion layers under parallel magnetic
      fields.

PMID- 9941313
TI  - Far-infrared reflectivity of bis-tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene
      hexafluoroarsenate

PMID- 9941315
TI  - Interband critical points of GaAs and their temperature dependence.

PMID- 9941316
TI  - Analytic relation between bulk moduli and lattice constants.

PMID- 9941317
TI  - Defect vibrational modes in germanium crystals.

PMID- 9941318
TI  - Electron-energy-loss rates in AlxGa

PMID- 9941319
TI  - Optical properties of the 1:2 compound of dimethylferrocenium with
      tetracyanoquinodimethanide:

PMID- 9941320
TI  - Benzene adsorption on low-temperature silicon: A synchrotron-radiation
      photoemission study of valence and core states.

PMID- 9941321
TI  - Photoluminescence in a-Si1-xGex:H alloys.

PMID- 9941322
TI  - Exact solution of a transport equation for hot-electron effects in semiconductors
      and metals.

PMID- 9941323
TI  - Raman study of phase transitions in ion-implanted and Q-switched neodymium-doped
      yttrium aluminum garnet laser annealed silicon.

PMID- 9941324
TI  - Interchain solitonic excitons in trans-polyacetylene.

PMID- 9941325
TI  - Asymmetry of the transient on-state characteristics of a threshold switching
      noncrystalline chalcogenide semiconductor.

PMID- 9941327
TI  - Small-polaron conductivity in magnetite.

PMID- 9941326
TI  - Determination of transition energies and oscillator strengths in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs
      multiple quantum wells using photovoltage-induced photocurrent spectroscopy.

PMID- 9941328
TI  - Bipolarons in boron-rich icosahedra: Effects of carbon substitution.

PMID- 9941329
TI  - Static and dynamic contributions to the lowest 4f-->5d two-photon transition in
      CaF2:Ce3+

PMID- 9941330
TI  - Ionic contributions to the Raman tensor of insulators.

PMID- 9941332
TI  - Strong-perturbation theory for impurities in semiconductors.

PMID- 9941331
TI  - Structural stabilities of layered materials: Pt-Ta.

PMID- 9941333
TI  - Localization and the density of states for an electron in a quantized elastic
      continuum.

PMID- 9941334
TI  - Interface polariton modes in semiconductor quasiperiodic superlattices.

PMID- 9941335
TI  - Constant-dipole-matrix-element model for Faraday rotation in amorphous
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9941336
TI  - Cyclotron-resonance linewidth due to electron-phonon interaction in multi-quantum
      well structures.

PMID- 9941337
TI  - Specific heat of deoxyribonucleic acid at temperatures below 5 K.

PMID- 9941339
TI  - Erratum: Invariant-imbedding approach to resistance fluctuations in disordered
      one-dimensional conductors

PMID- 9941338
TI  - Erratum: Electron charge densities at conduction-band edges of semiconductors

PMID- 9941340
TI  - Erratum: Linear and nonlinear electrical conduction in quasi-two-dimensional
      quantum wells

PMID- 9941341
TI  - Electronic structure of Cu overlayers on AlN.

PMID- 9941342
TI  - Self-energy of an electron in a gap between two metals and near a metallic slab.

PMID- 9941343
TI  - Set of five related photoluminescence defects in silicon formed through nitrogen
      carbon interactions.

PMID- 9941344
TI  - Epitaxial growth of a metastable modification of copper with body-centered-cubic
      structure.

PMID- 9941345
TI  - New quasicrystals of alloys containing s, p,

PMID- 9941347
TI  - Search for charge-density waves in a single crystal of potassium.

PMID- 9941346
TI  - Search for charge-density waves in potassium by neutron diffraction.

PMID- 9941348
TI  - Effect of layer-thickness fluctuations on superlattice diffraction.

PMID- 9941349
TI  - Model for a novel metal-restructuring procedure.

PMID- 9941350
TI  - Exciton binding energy in quantum-well wires.

PMID- 9941351
TI  - Two-dimensional magnetotransport in AlAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9941353
TI  - Bremsstrahlung-isochromat studies of conduction-band states in SnS2 and SnSe2.

PMID- 9941352
TI  - Temperature-dependent reaction and buried-interface movement for Ti/GaAs(100) and
      Cr/GaAs(100).

PMID- 9941355
TI  - High-resolution electron-energy-loss study of NH3 adsorption on Si(111)21 at room
      temperature.

PMID- 9941354
TI  - Effects of local disorder on donor states in amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9941356
TI  - Thickness dependence of optical gap and void fraction for sputtered amorphous
      germanium.

PMID- 9941357
TI  - Phonon stop bands in amorphous superlattices.

PMID- 9941359
TI  - Electron-nuclear double-resonance evidence for the soliton wave function in
      polyacetylene.

PMID- 9941358
TI  - Si-O bond-length modification in pressure-densified amorphous SiO2.

PMID- 9941361
TI  - Resonant tunneling in magnetic field: Evidence for space-charge buildup.

PMID- 9941360
TI  - Site symmetry of the EL2 center in GaAs.

PMID- 9941362
TI  - Shock launching in silicon studied with use of pulsed x-ray diffraction.

PMID- 9941364
TI  - Novel electronic structure of the hydrogen-potassium-graphite ternary
      intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9941363
TI  - Photoemission spectroscopy of ultrathin hydrogenated amorphous silicon layers.

PMID- 9941365
TI  - Barrier to oxygen penetration on metal and oxide surfaces.

PMID- 9941367
TI  - Inverse-photoemission studies of adsorbed diatomic molecules.

PMID- 9941366
TI  - Luminescence of fused silica: Observation of the O2- emission band.

PMID- 9941368
TI  - Systematic ab initio configuration-interaction study of alkali-metal clusters:
      Relation between electronic structure and geometry of small Li clusters.

PMID- 9941369
TI  - Electron-energy-loss study of clean and oxygen-exposed polycrystalline zirconium.

PMID- 9941370
TI  - Direct-space analysis of the Hartree-Fock energy bands and density of states for
      metallic extended systems.

PMID- 9941371
TI  - Size dependence of surface cluster models: CO adsorbed on Cu(100).

PMID- 9941372
TI  - Thermodynamics of copper and nickel: Band-structure effects and their
      disappearance at high temperatures.

PMID- 9941373
TI  - Anisotropic surface-enhanced Raman scattering at obliquely evaporated Ag films.

PMID- 9941374
TI  - Adsorbate densities and surface potentials of physisorbed systems: A density
      functional approach.

PMID- 9941375
TI  - Lattice dynamics of p4g c(22) structures: An application to reconstructed
      Ni(100).

PMID- 9941376
TI  - Phonon dispersion of the (22) phase of carbon on the reconstructed Ni(100)
      surface.

PMID- 9941378
TI  - Critical electronic wave functions on quasiperiodic lattices: Exact calculation
      of fractal measures.

PMID- 9941377
TI  - Thermal desorption of interacting molecules from heterogeneous surfaces.

PMID- 9941379
TI  - Incoherent tunneling in a double well.

PMID- 9941380
TI  - Molecular-dynamics study of self-interstitials in silicon.

PMID- 9941381
TI  - Stability and electronic properties of complex structures of silicon and carbon
      under pressure: Density-functional calculations.

PMID- 9941382
TI  - Exchange and correlation effects on the quasiparticle band structure of
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9941383
TI  - Exchange reaction, clustering, and surface segregation at the Al/InSb(110)
      interface.

PMID- 9941385
TI  - Zone folding and subband dispersions in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs(001) superlattices.

PMID- 9941384
TI  - Transport properties of bismuth sulfide single crystals.

PMID- 9941386
TI  - Electronic structure of some beta -(C10H8S8)2X compounds as studied by infrared
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9941387
TI  - Electron-electron correlations in one-dimensional conjugated polymers.

PMID- 9941388
TI  - Resonant Raman scattering by LO phonons near the E0+ Delta 0 gap of GaSb.

PMID- 9941389
TI  - Ab initio theory of polar semiconductor surfaces. I. Methodology and the (22)
      reconstructions of GaAs(111).

PMID- 9941390
TI  - Ab initio theory of polar semiconductor surfaces. II. (22) reconstructions and
      related phase transitions of GaAs(1-bar1-bar1-bar).

PMID- 9941391
TI  - Quantum transport for Bloch electrons in a spatially homogeneous electric field.

PMID- 9941392
TI  - LO-phonon oscillations and electron freeze-out in transport through In-InP and Sn
      InP contacts.

PMID- 9941393
TI  - Simple model for structural properties and crystal stability of sp-bonded solids.

PMID- 9941394
TI  - Electronic structure, defect states, and optical absorption of amorphous Si1-xNx

PMID- 9941395
TI  - Strain-induced confinement in Si0.75Ge0.25 (Si/Si0.5Ge0.5) (001) superlattice
      systems.

PMID- 9941396
TI  - Dielectric function of polyacetylene.

PMID- 9941397
TI  - Magneto-optics of semiconductors with double-hump and nonparabolic band
      structures.

PMID- 9941398
TI  - Nonequilibrium current fluctuations in semiconductors: A Boltzmann-equation-Green
      function approach.

PMID- 9941399
TI  - Thermally and optically induced metastabilities in doped hydrogenated amorphous
      silicon: ESR studies.

PMID- 9941401
TI  - Electron states in n-type inversion layers with periodic microstructure.

PMID- 9941400
TI  - Nonperturbative balance equations for the nonequilibrium electron-phonon-impurity
      system in an applied high electric field.

PMID- 9941402
TI  - Effects of alloy disorder on Schottky-barrier heights.

PMID- 9941403
TI  - Delta J=4 infrared transitions of solid D2 and a Raman study of H2, D2, and HD in
      their liquid and solid phases.

PMID- 9941404
TI  - Computer simulation of translational and rotational dynamics in LiKSO4.

PMID- 9941405
TI  - Acoustic radiation-induced static strains in solids.

PMID- 9941406
TI  - Radiation-sensitivity enhancement and annealing variation in densified, amorphous
      SiO2.

PMID- 9941407
TI  - Comparative optical study of the two-dimensional donor-type intercalation
      compounds graphite-KHx and their binary counterparts C8K and C24K.

PMID- 9941408
TI  - Identification of satellites due to resonant excitation and shake-off in the C
      KVV Auger line shape of polyethylene.

PMID- 9941409
TI  - Differential conductance in three-dimensional resonant tunneling.

PMID- 9941410
TI  - Susceptibility study of physisorbed oxygen layers on graphite.

PMID- 9941411
TI  - Exciton in a slab of polar crystal.

PMID- 9941412
TI  - Theoretical aspects of solid hydrogen halides under pressure.

PMID- 9941413
TI  - Magnetoplasma modes of semiconductor superlattices with integral Landau-level
      filling.

PMID- 9941414
TI  - Revised results for the structural properties of arsenic.

PMID- 9941416
TI  - rf quantum Hall effect in a superlattice.

PMID- 9941415
TI  - Integral and fractional quantization of a class of quantum systems.

PMID- 9941417
TI  - X-ray photoelectron diffraction at high angular resolution.

PMID- 9941418
TI  - Near-edge x-ray-absorption fine-structure observations of ordering and
      metalliclike behavior in organic conducting polymers grafted on a Pt surface.

PMID- 9941419
TI  - Electronic states and quantum Hall effect in GaSb-InAs-GaSb quantum wells.

PMID- 9941420
TI  - Interface phenomena at semiconductor heterojunctions: Local-density valence-band
      offset in GaAs/AlAs.

PMID- 9941421
TI  - Calculated transport properties of ultrasubmicrometer quasi-one-dimensional
      inversion lines.

PMID- 9941422
TI  - Structure of Al-Mn-Cr-Si quasicrystals studied by pulsed neutron scattering.

PMID- 9941424
TI  - Generating functional for electron-phonon systems from functional integrals with
      one-sided boundary conditions.

PMID- 9941423
TI  - Scattering of helium from O/Ni(001): Cluster-model studies.

PMID- 9941425
TI  - Microscopic theory of electrodynamic response of diffuse jellium surfaces.

PMID- 9941426
TI  - Fokker-Planck equation for physisorption kinetics: General formulation for
      isothermal desorption.

PMID- 9941427
TI  - Hole-induced shakedown process in the M4,5 fluorescent emission spectrum of
      lanthanum.

PMID- 9941428
TI  - Electron mean-free-path calculations using a model dielectric function.

PMID- 9941429
TI  - Estimates of the heats of adsorption for Pt and Pd monolayers on Ta(110).

PMID- 9941430
TI  - Vibrational spectroscopy of fluid N2 up to 34 GPa and 4400 K.

PMID- 9941431
TI  - Dynamic pseudopotential theory of phonon spectra in metals.

PMID- 9941432
TI  - Dynamic pseudopotential theory of phonons in twelve cubic metals.

PMID- 9941433
TI  - Linear augmented Slater-type-orbital study of Au-5d-transition-metal alloying.

PMID- 9941435
TI  - Optical response of a nonlinear dielectric film.

PMID- 9941434
TI  - Experimental determination of the Pd and Cu densities of states in Cu75Pd25.

PMID- 9941436
TI  - Light quantum particles in a metallic environment.

PMID- 9941437
TI  - Localization and electron-electron interaction effects in thin Au-Pd films and
      wires.

PMID- 9941439
TI  - 1/f gamma noise from single-energy-level defects.

PMID- 9941438
TI  - Close-packed (polytypic) structures in molecular-dynamics simulations.

PMID- 9941440
TI  - Sodium atom on copper clusters.

PMID- 9941441
TI  - Dynamic polarizability of small metal particles.

PMID- 9941442
TI  - Generalized set of elastic moduli and stability of deformed cubic crystals.

PMID- 9941443
TI  - Analytical determination of the density-of-gap-states distribution in amorphous
      semiconductors: Experimental results.

PMID- 9941445
TI  - Polaron and bipolaron excitations in doped polythiophene.

PMID- 9941444
TI  - Accuracy of various theories of band-gap narrowing in p -doped semiconductors.

PMID- 9941447
TI  - Thermally induced abrupt shrinking of a donor state in a ferromagnetic
      semiconductor.

PMID- 9941446
TI  - Silicide formation at the Ti/Si(111) interface: Diffusion parameters and behavior
      at elevated temperatures.

PMID- 9941448
TI  - Interband optical transitions in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs superlattices in an applied
      electric field.

PMID- 9941449
TI  - Electronic structure of the "chain" chalcogenide TlInSe2.

PMID- 9941450
TI  - Doubly resonant LO-phonon Raman scattering observed with GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs quantum
      wells.

PMID- 9941451
TI  - Magnetization and magnetoreflectivity measurements in Zn1-xMnxTe with 0.25 <=
      x<=0.71.

PMID- 9941453
TI  - Size effect of parallel silicide contact.

PMID- 9941452
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission from step-related surface states on vicinal surfaces
      of Si(001).

PMID- 9941454
TI  - Higher excited states of acceptors in cubic semiconductors.

PMID- 9941455
TI  - Electronic states of BaPb1-xBixO3 in the semiconducting phase investigated by
      optical measurements.

PMID- 9941456
TI  - Comparative study of the electronic structure and conduction properties of
      polypyrrole, polythiophene, and polyfuran and their copolymers.

PMID- 9941457
TI  - Lattice distortions and vibrational modes of substitutional impurities in
      silicon.

PMID- 9941458
TI  - Valence-band structure of alpha -Sn determined by angle-resolved photoemission.

PMID- 9941459
TI  - Electronic transport properties of a two-dimensional electron gas in a silicon
      quantum-well structure at low temperature.

PMID- 9941460
TI  - Solitons in the Peierls condensate. II. Amplitude solitons.

PMID- 9941461
TI  - New approach to the problem of lattice dynamics of modulated structures:
      Application to superlattices.

PMID- 9941463
TI  - Pressure-induced structural instability of cesium halides from ab initio
      pseudopotential techniques.

PMID- 9941462
TI  - Electronic structure of CF3 radicals on GaAs(001).

PMID- 9941464
TI  - Oxygen-diffusion kinetics in densified, amorphous SiO2.

PMID- 9941465
TI  - Calculation of the FH(OH-)-center absorption bands in CsCl.

PMID- 9941466
TI  - Time dependence of desorbed ground-state lithium atoms following pulsed-electron
      beam irradiation of lithium fluoride.

PMID- 9941468
TI  - Tunneling current through a disordered insulator.

PMID- 9941467
TI  - Theoretical study of oxygen in silicon: Breaking of the Si-Si bond.

PMID- 9941469
TI  - Electronic structure of staging dislocations, electron scattering states, and the
      residual resistance of graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9941471
TI  - Lattice dynamics of KTa1-xNbx

PMID- 9941470
TI  - Specific intermediate-valence state of insulating 4f compounds detected by L3 x
      ray absorption.

PMID- 9941473
TI  - Model description of the dephasing of optical impurities in glasses.

PMID- 9941472
TI  - Anisotropy of 39K binding in C8K studied by nuclear resonance photon scattering.

PMID- 9941474
TI  - Low-temperature structure of a HNO3-graphite intercalated compound: A neutron
      diffraction study.

PMID- 9941475
TI  - Symmetry and supersymmetry in crystals.

PMID- 9941476
TI  - Image-force effects on the barrier height for metal-metal tunneling electrons.

PMID- 9941478
TI  - Density-density response function in the fractional quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9941477
TI  - Memory function and dynamic conductivity of a type-I superlattice in a magnetic
      field: Hydrodynamic theory of magnetoplasma resonance.

PMID- 9941479
TI  - Vibrational correlation functions for Si and Ge.

PMID- 9941481
TI  - Vacancies, dislocations, and carbon interstitials in Si.

PMID- 9941480
TI  - Surface collective charge-density excitations of a semiconductor superlattice.

PMID- 9941482
TI  - Relationship between Boussinesq and Cauchy radiation stresses in solids.

PMID- 9941483
TI  - Erratum: Lattice dynamics of bcc Sr

PMID- 9941484
TI  - Erratum: Temperature-dependent adsorption of aromatic molecules on silicon

PMID- 9941485
TI  - Pressure-induced metallization of BaSe.

PMID- 9941486
TI  - Velocity-dependent isotope fractionation in secondary-ion emission.

PMID- 9941487
TI  - Simulation of Au(100) reconstruction by use of the embedded-atom method.

PMID- 9941488
TI  - Brillouin scattering study of lattice-stiffness changes due to ion irradiation:
      Dramatic softening in Nb3Ir.

PMID- 9941489
TI  - Adsorbate-substrate vibrational coupling in physisorbed Kr films on Pt(111).

PMID- 9941490
TI  - Dynamical evidence for a change in hydrogen-diffusion behavior in transition
      metal hydrides at high temperatures.

PMID- 9941492
TI  - Hierarchy of current cumulants on a Sierpinski gasket.

PMID- 9941491
TI  - Mechanism of prebreakdown nonlinear energy deposition from intense photon fields
      at 532 nm in NaCl.

PMID- 9941493
TI  - Final-state effects in inverse photoemission from heavy-fermion compounds.

PMID- 9941494
TI  - Local-environment dependence of the electronic structure of a Penrose lattice.

PMID- 9941495
TI  - Electronic promoters and semiconductor oxidation: Alkali metals on Si(111)
      surfaces.

PMID- 9941497
TI  - Proposed experiment for the observation of surface plasmons in semiconductor
      superlattices.

PMID- 9941496
TI  - Two-photon photoemission study of the empty states of InP(100).

PMID- 9941498
TI  - Electronic and magnetic properties of the fcc Fe(001) thin films: Fe/Cu(001) and
      Cu/Fe/Cu(001).

PMID- 9941499
TI  - Generalized Ramsauer-Townsend resonance in angle-resolved photoemission extended
      fine-structure oscillations.

PMID- 9941500
TI  - Unoccupied surface states on Ta(100) observed with inverse photoemission.

PMID- 9941501
TI  - Ultrasonic attenuation and electron mean free path in aluminum from measurements
      in a high transverse magnetic field.

PMID- 9941502
TI  - Surface segregation in dilute binary fcc transition-metal alloys.

PMID- 9941503
TI  - Phase transitions in samarium at high pressures.

PMID- 9941504
TI  - Binding energy of image-potential states: Dependence on crystal structure and
      material.

PMID- 9941505
TI  - Effective mass of image-potential states.

PMID- 9941506
TI  - Localization and topological disorder.

PMID- 9941507
TI  - Screened-exchange functional for the uniform-density electron gas.

PMID- 9941508
TI  - Electronic structure, photoemission, and magnetism in Gd2Co and Er2Co glasses.

PMID- 9941509
TI  - Sound attenuation by electrons in metals.

PMID- 9941510
TI  - Critical wave functions and a Cantor-set spectrum of a one-dimensional
      quasicrystal model.

PMID- 9941511
TI  - Investigation of surface defects on Ni(110) with a low-energy positron beam.

PMID- 9941513
TI  - Electron scattering times from weak localization studies of Au-Pd films.

PMID- 9941512
TI  - Universal conductance fluctuations in metals: Effects of finite temperature,
      interactions, and magnetic field.

PMID- 9941514
TI  - Bond weakening by hydrogen in transition metals.

PMID- 9941515
TI  - Macroscopic approach to the theory of one-dimensional disordered conductors.

PMID- 9941516
TI  - Effect of plasma waves on the optical properties of metal-insulator
      superlattices.

PMID- 9941517
TI  - Critical cluster size for mixed valence in small matrix-isolated Sm clusters.

PMID- 9941518
TI  - Angle-resolved-photoemission extended-fine-structure spectroscopy investigation
      of c(2 x 2) S/Ni(011).

PMID- 9941519
TI  - Transferability and scaling of Slater-Koster parameters in transition metals.

PMID- 9941520
TI  - Phenomenological theory of optical second- and third-harmonic generation from
      cubic centrosymmetric crystals.

PMID- 9941521
TI  - Laser heating of a transparent crystal via adsorbed atoms.

PMID- 9941522
TI  - Nondirect transitions in variable-temperature angle-resolved photoemission from
      metals.

PMID- 9941523
TI  - Relaxation and nonradiative decay in disordered systems. III. Statistical
      character of Raman (two-quanta) spin-lattice relaxation.

PMID- 9941524
TI  - High-pressure phase transitions in diamond and zinc-blende semiconductors.

PMID- 9941526
TI  - Overlayer-cation reaction at the Pt/Hg1-xCdxTe interface.

PMID- 9941525
TI  - Variation of the electron-phonon mobility with carrier density for highly doped
      and highly excited semiconductors.

PMID- 9941527
TI  - Effects of alloying and hydrostatic pressure on electronic and optical properties
      of GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs superlattices and multiple-quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9941529
TI  - Nonparabolic behavior of GaSb-AlSb quantum wells under hydrostatic pressure.

PMID- 9941528
TI  - Fermi surface, effective masses, and energy bands of HfTe5 as derived from the
      Shubnikov-de Haas effect.

PMID- 9941530
TI  - Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure Debye-Waller factors and vibrational
      density of states in amorphous arsenic.

PMID- 9941531
TI  - Electronic structure of

PMID- 9941532
TI  - Evolution of the vibrational spectra of hydrogenated-amorphous-silicon thin films
      having columnar morphology.

PMID- 9941533
TI  - Theoretical study of the electronic structure of the incoherent {211} Sigma =3
      grain boundary in Ge by the recursion approach.

PMID- 9941535
TI  - Transient behavior of the second-order optical process in CdxZn1-xTe:
      Transformation from luminescence into Raman scattering.

PMID- 9941534
TI  - Transition from dispersive to nondispersive transport: Photoconduction of
      polyvinylcarbarzole.

PMID- 9941537
TI  - Theory of the surface acoustic soliton. IV. Superlattices.

PMID- 9941538
TI  - Theory of photoabsorption in modulation-doped semiconductor quantum wells.

PMID- 9941536
TI  - Si(111)-7 x 7 surface: Energy-minimization calculation for the dimer-adatom
      stacking-fault model.

PMID- 9941539
TI  - Thermal-equilibrium processes in amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9941540
TI  - Linear and nonlinear electrical conduction in quasi-two-dimensional quantum
      wells.

PMID- 9941541
TI  - Stochastic random network model in Ge and Si chalcogenide glasses.

PMID- 9941542
TI  - Raman phonon piezospectroscopy in GaAs: Infrared measurements.

PMID- 9941543
TI  - Nonequilibrium phonon effect on time-dependent relaxation of hot electrons in
      semiconductor heterojunctions.

PMID- 9941545
TI  - Conduction band of Si-GexSi1-x superlattices using the envelope-function
      approximation.

PMID- 9941544
TI  - Dielectric constant of a two-dimensional electron gas with a partially occupied
      Landau level.

PMID- 9941547
TI  - Testing shape selection in directional solidification.

PMID- 9941546
TI  - Conduction-band-edge charge densities in elemental and compound semiconductors.

PMID- 9941549
TI  - Theory of the orientational glass state in mixed crystals M(CN)xX 1-x. I.
      Statics.

PMID- 9941548
TI  - Specific heat and thermal expansion of Li+ ions in KCl: Evidence for the pair
      density of states.

PMID- 9941550
TI  - Theory of the orientational glass state in mixed crystals M(CN

PMID- 9941551
TI  - Melting studies of argon on ZYX graphite.

PMID- 9941552
TI  - Nitrogen-ion energy loss in Havar, nickel, Kapton, and Mylar foils.

PMID- 9941554
TI  - Correlation between charge and current corrugations in scanning-tunneling
      microscopy.

PMID- 9941553
TI  - Conversion-electron extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure measurements of ion
      damaged GaAs.

PMID- 9941555
TI  - Possible interpretation of the photoelectron spectrum for americium metal.

PMID- 9941557
TI  - Kinetics of the Staebler-Wronski effect.

PMID- 9941556
TI  - Thermoelectric power of barium up to 8 GPa.

PMID- 9941559
TI  - Transverse conductance fluctuations and magnetic field asymmetry.

PMID- 9941558
TI  - Simple method to estimate pressure of narrow full core levels.

PMID- 9941560
TI  - Formation and destruction of the heavy-electron ground state in U compounds with
      AuBe5 crystal structure.

PMID- 9941561
TI  - Two-dimensional Penrose lattice: dc conductivity.

PMID- 9941562
TI  - Quantized Hall effect in quasi-three-dimensional systems.

PMID- 9941563
TI  - Ethylene on cleaved silicon: High-resolution electron-energy-loss study of an
      unusual adsorption system in the temperature range 85-300 K.

PMID- 9941565
TI  - Nonlinear effects in quasielastic neutron scattering: Exact line-shape
      calculation for a dimer.

PMID- 9941564
TI  - Ubiquity of logarithmic scaling, 1/f power spectrum, and the pi /2 rule.

PMID- 9941567
TI  - Secondary-ion emission from clean and oxidized aluminum as a function of incident
      ion mass and energy.

PMID- 9941566
TI  - Secondary-ion emission from vanadium as a function of incident ion mass and
      energy in the range 25-275 keV.

PMID- 9941568
TI  - Hyperfine fields and local-moment formation at 3d-series impurities in terbium.

PMID- 9941569
TI  - Location of antimony in a halophosphate phosphor.

PMID- 9941570
TI  - Energy-loss probability in electron microscopy.

PMID- 9941571
TI  - Mossbauer spectrum for diffusing atoms including fluctuating hyperfine
      interactions.

PMID- 9941572
TI  - Interaction of metastable noble-gas atoms with transition-metal surfaces:
      Resonance ionization and Auger neutralization.

PMID- 9941573
TI  - Temperature dependence of the hyperfine interactions of 111Cd in silicon.

PMID- 9941575
TI  - Electronic and atomic structure of the boron-vacancy complex in silicon.

PMID- 9941574
TI  - Vacancy in silicon: Hyperfine interactions from electron-nuclear double resonance
      measurements.

PMID- 9941576
TI  - Ion-beam mixing at the Fe/Al2O3 interface as revealed by conversion-electron
      Mossbauer spectroscopy.

PMID- 9941577
TI  - Electronic structure, magnetic properties, Mossbauer isomer shifts, and hyperfine
      fields of disordered Fe-rich Fe-Al alloys.

PMID- 9941578
TI  - Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in the randomly diluted magnetic system KNixMg1
      xF3.

PMID- 9941579
TI  - Resonant-photoemission study of Fe(100).

PMID- 9941580
TI  - Transport properties of a multicomponent Fermi liquid.

PMID- 9941581
TI  - Variation of the critical order-parameter phase difference with temperature from
      0.4 to 1.9 K in the flow of superfluid 4He through a tiny orifice.

PMID- 9941582
TI  - Theory for dirty superconductors. I. Strong-coupling equations.

PMID- 9941583
TI  - Theory for dirty superconductors. II. McMillan solution and Tc degradation.

PMID- 9941584
TI  - Multiple-quantum-flux penetration in a superconducting loop containing a
      Josephson junction: Temperature dependence.

PMID- 9941585
TI  - Critical fields of Nb-Ta multilayers.

PMID- 9941586
TI  - Positional disorder in a Josephson-junction array.

PMID- 9941587
TI  - Superconducting arrays in a magnetic field: Quantum effects.

PMID- 9941588
TI  - Simple approximation for the Bethe-ansatz solution of the one-dimensional Fermi
      gas.

PMID- 9941589
TI  - Response of Josephson junctions to far-infrared radiation near their plasma
      resonance frequencies.

PMID- 9941591
TI  - Critical-temperature enhancement in thin superconducting films due to field
      dependence of the coherence length.

PMID- 9941590
TI  - Origins of the attractive interactions for the Cooper pairs in dense Kondo
      systems.

PMID- 9941592
TI  - Model Fermi liquid interacting via a hard-core repulsive potential and an
      attractive tail.

PMID- 9941594
TI  - Anisotropy of the Fermi surface, Fermi velocity, many-body enhancement, and
      superconducting energy gap in Nb.

PMID- 9941593
TI  - Electron density in artificial metallic superlattices.

PMID- 9941595
TI  - Self-consistent hydrodynamical model for He II near absolute zero in the
      framework of stochastic mechanics.

PMID- 9941596
TI  - Many-polaron theory for superconductivity and charge-density waves in a strongly
      coupled electron-phonon system with quasi-two-dimensionality: An interpolation
      between the adiabatic limit and the inverse-adiabatic limit.

PMID- 9941597
TI  - Magnetic phase diagram of disordered Ni-Mn near the multicritical point.

PMID- 9941598
TI  - Ferro-spin-glass domain model for disordered Ni-Mn.

PMID- 9941599
TI  - Structure factors associated with the continuous melting of two-dimensional
      lattice gases: Models with ( sqrt 3 x sqrt 3)R30 degrees and p(2 x 2) ordered
      states on triangular nets.

PMID- 9941600
TI  - High-field specific-heat and susceptibility measurements: Relevance to the spin
      Peierls phase diagram and the validity of a soliton picture.

PMID- 9941602
TI  - Interfacial structure and kinetics of ordering in weak ferromagnets.

PMID- 9941601
TI  - Universal scaling form of the correlation length in Ising strips with periodic,
      free, fixed, and mixed boundary conditions.

PMID- 9941604
TI  - Effect of long-range forces on wetting near bulk critical temperatures: An Ising
      model study.

PMID- 9941603
TI  - Magnetic instability of a highly degenerate Kondo lattice.

PMID- 9941605
TI  - Relaxation functions, memory functions, and random forces in the one-dimensional
      spin-1/2 XY and transverse Ising models.

PMID- 9941606
TI  - Complex-temperature-plane zeros: Scaling theory and multicritical mean-field
      models.

PMID- 9941607
TI  - Hyperuniversality and the renormalization group for finite systems.

PMID- 9941608
TI  - Simulations of the three-dimensional Hubbard model: Half-filled band sector.

PMID- 9941609
TI  - Magnetic properties of graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9941610
TI  - Phase diagrams of a disordered, ferromagnetic, binary Ising system.

PMID- 9941611
TI  - Finite-size scaling in the ground state of spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic XXZ rings.

PMID- 9941612
TI  - Onset of fractal growth: Statics and dynamics of diffusion-controlled
      polymerization.

PMID- 9941614
TI  - Measurement of nonuniversal critical behavior in a two-dimensional continuum
      percolating system.

PMID- 9941613
TI  - Polarized neutron studies of forbidden magnons in the two-dimensional ferromagnet
      K2CuF4.

PMID- 9941615
TI  - Transport properties and spin disorder in the degenerate ferro-spin-glass Sn1
      xMnxTe.

PMID- 9941616
TI  - Evidence for free-electron-like Stoner excitations in Fe.

PMID- 9941617
TI  - Strong electronic correlations in a new class of Yb-based compounds: YbXCu4
      (X=Ag,Au,Pd).

PMID- 9941619
TI  - Charge-density waves in the mixed-valence two-dimensional metal K3Cu8S6.

PMID- 9941618
TI  - Dipole-exchange spin-wave modes in very-thin-film antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9941620
TI  - Hyperfine-field dependence on temperature and concentration in Au-Fe alloys.

PMID- 9941622
TI  - Transverse spin susceptibility and nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate of field
      induced spin-density waves in Bechgaard salts.

PMID- 9941621
TI  - Temperature effects on the universal equation of state of solids.

PMID- 9941624
TI  - Invariant geometry of spin-glass states.

PMID- 9941623
TI  - Orientational dynamics of molecular liquid oxygen.

PMID- 9941625
TI  - Magnetic properties of Pb1-xEuxTe grown by molecular-beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9941627
TI  - Coherent polaron superlattices and long-range Coulomb forces in quasi-one
      dimensional conductors.

PMID- 9941626
TI  - Light scattering from magnons in MnF2.

PMID- 9941628
TI  - Calculations of the local orbital moment in Y2Co17 using the recursion method.

PMID- 9941629
TI  - Band-structure calculations for Ni, Ni4H, Ni4H2, Ni4H3, and NiH.

PMID- 9941630
TI  - Symmetry breaking of a spin glass on a Bethe lattice of infinite coordination.

PMID- 9941631
TI  - Negative-muon spin precession in ferromagnetic iron and the hyperfine anomaly.

PMID- 9941632
TI  - Anomalous scaling and generalized Lyapunov exponents of the one-dimensional
      Anderson model.

PMID- 9941633
TI  - Multicritical behavior of a square-lattice-gas model with anisotropic repulsive
      interactions: A transfer-matrix scaling study.

PMID- 9941634
TI  - Electric-field-dependent average resistance and the resistance fluctuation in one
      dimensional disordered systems.

PMID- 9941635
TI  - Correlation functions at two-dimensional criticality and projective
      transformations.

PMID- 9941637
TI  - Scaling and deep inelastic neutron scattering from quantum liquids and solids.

PMID- 9941636
TI  - Characterization of the valence transition in YbxIn

PMID- 9941638
TI  - Superconductivity and random disorder in the zero-bandwidth limit.

PMID- 9941639
TI  - Relationship between Hamiltonian and one-spin transfer-matrix descriptions of
      Ising systems.

PMID- 9941640
TI  - Correlation functions of order-parameter fluctuations in a Fermi system.

PMID- 9941641
TI  - Wall orientation near the commensurate-incommensurate transition.

PMID- 9941642
TI  - Trimodal random-field Ising model on a Bethe lattice and the tricritical point.

PMID- 9941643
TI  - Phase diagram of the random-field Ising model with a trimodal distribution.

PMID- 9941644
TI  - Electronic structure of magnetic impurities in copper.

PMID- 9941645
TI  - Layering and mixing in coadsorbed xenon-ethylene films on graphite.

PMID- 9941647
TI  - Spiral-lattice-site animals: An exact enumeration study.

PMID- 9941646
TI  - Determination of the antiferromagnetic exchange constant between nearest-neighbor
      Gd3+ ions in Pb0.95Gd0.05Te.

PMID- 9941648
TI  - Time decay of the saturated remanent magnetization in a metallic spin glass.

PMID- 9941650
TI  - Temperature dependence of the positronium work function.

PMID- 9941651
TI  - Helium bubbles in metals: Molecular-dynamics simulations and positron states.

PMID- 9941649
TI  - Muon level-crossing resonance in antiferromagnetic MnF2.

PMID- 9941652
TI  - High-temperature series expansions to fourth order with a multiple-exchange
      Hamiltonian for both bcc and hcp phases of solid 3He.

PMID- 9941653
TI  - Resistance anomalies in the Kondo-lattice system CeCu2-xNixSi2.

PMID- 9941654
TI  - Random-field effects on Ising Jahn-Teller phase transitions.

PMID- 9941656
TI  - Automorphic properties of local height probabilities for integrable solid-on
      solid models.

PMID- 9941655
TI  - Analysis of critical-exponent data using Efron's bootstrap technique.

PMID- 9941658
TI  - Synchrotron-radiation-induced photoelectron study of some dilute Agsub1-xMnx
      alloys.

PMID- 9941657
TI  - From block-spin expectation values to renormalized couplings.

PMID- 9941659
TI  - Structural properties of the Ru(0001) surface.

PMID- 9941660
TI  - Theory of subsurface occupation, ordered structures, and order-disorder
      transitions for hydrogen on Pd(111).

PMID- 9941661
TI  - Evanescent absorption in kinematic surface Bragg diffraction.

PMID- 9941663
TI  - Experimental test of the Mie theory for microlithographically produced silver
      spheres.

PMID- 9941662
TI  - Statistical distribution of the resistance in a one-dimensional disordered
      electrified chain.

PMID- 9941664
TI  - Extra contribution of transition-metal solutes to the solid-solution hardening of
      nickel.

PMID- 9941665
TI  - Bond-orientational anisotropy in metallic glasses observed by x-ray diffraction.

PMID- 9941666
TI  - Electronic theory of the alloy phase stability of Cu-Ag, Cu-Au, and Ag-Au
      systems.

PMID- 9941667
TI  - Sputtering of chemisorbed nitrogen from single-crystal planes of tungsten and
      molybdenum.

PMID- 9941668
TI  - Quantum Hall effect with realistic boundary conditions.

PMID- 9941669
TI  - Noble-gas ion sputtering yield of gold and copper: Dependence on the energy and
      angle of incidence of the projectiles.

PMID- 9941670
TI  - Resonant Raman study of intrinsic defect modes in electron- and neutron
      irradiated GaAs.

PMID- 9941671
TI  - Generalization of the Landauer conductance formula.

PMID- 9941672
TI  - Effect of disorder on exciton binding in semiconductor alloys.

PMID- 9941673
TI  - Phonons in the alloy superlattice GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs.

PMID- 9941674
TI  - Folded acoustic phonons in Si/GexSi1-x strained-layer superlattices.

PMID- 9941675
TI  - Theory of magnetoconductivity in a two-dimensional electron-gas system: Self
      consistent screening model.

PMID- 9941676
TI  - Electron spectroscopy study of FeSi and CoSi.

PMID- 9941677
TI  - All-electron self-consistent variational method for Wannier-type functions:
      Applications to the silicon crystal.

PMID- 9941678
TI  - X-ray-absorption near-edge structure of titanium and vanadium in (Ti,V)O2 rutile
      solid solutions.

PMID- 9941679
TI  - Monte Carlo study of dispersive charge-carrier transport in spatially random
      systems with and without energetic disorder.

PMID- 9941680
TI  - Filamentation instability of an Alfven wave in a compensated semiconductor.

PMID- 9941681
TI  - Electronic properties and optical-absorption spectra of GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs quantum
      wells in externally applied electric fields.

PMID- 9941682
TI  - Time-resolved photoluminescence of dense electron-hole plasmas in In-Ga-As-P
      films.

PMID- 9941683
TI  - Atomic model for the EL2 defect in GaAs.

PMID- 9941684
TI  - Total-energy and band-structure calculations for the semimagnetic Cd1-xMnxTe
      semiconductor alloy and its binary constituents.

PMID- 9941686
TI  - Epitaxy, overlayer growth, and surface segregation for Co/GaAs(110) and
      Co/GaAs(100)-c(82).

PMID- 9941685
TI  - Structural and vibrational properties of a realistic model of amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9941687
TI  - Passivation of dangling bonds in amorphous Si and Ge by gas adsorption.

PMID- 9941689
TI  - Vibrational fluctuations of the hydrogen bonds around a nucleation defect of
      melting in poly(dG)-poly(dC).

PMID- 9941688
TI  - Impact excitation and bottleneck effects in the time-resolved far-infrared
      photoresponse of high-purity InP.

PMID- 9941690
TI  - Resonant Raman scattering and dynamics of the FA(Li+) modes in KCl.

PMID- 9941691
TI  - Site-selective laser spectroscopy of defect aggregation kinetics in KCl:Sm2+

PMID- 9941692
TI  - Amorphous water ice and its ability to trap gases.

PMID- 9941693
TI  - Microstructure-derived macroscopic residual resistance of brominated graphite
      fibers.

PMID- 9941694
TI  - Composition range of binary amorphous alloys.

PMID- 9941695
TI  - Calculated x-ray photoemission spectrum of UBe13.

PMID- 9941697
TI  - Surface modes of a pair of unequal spheres.

PMID- 9941696
TI  - Low-temperature thermal conductivity of glassy and icosahedral Pd-U-Si alloys.

PMID- 9941699
TI  - Simple description of nonparabolic two-dimensional subbands.

PMID- 9941698
TI  - Raman coupling-parameter variation in amorphous germanium.

PMID- 9941700
TI  - Confined electron states in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wires.

PMID- 9941702
TI  - Comment on "T3 specific-heat anomaly in network solids"

PMID- 9941701
TI  - Interpretation of the "discrepancy" in the M-bar-point Rayleigh mode in the
      surface vibrations of LiF(001).

PMID- 9941704
TI  - Erratum: Theoretical calculation of the pure electronic spectrum of MnF6 4- in
      vacuo and in RbMnF3

PMID- 9941703
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'T3 specific-heat anomaly in network solids' "

PMID- 9941705
TI  - Erratum: Influence of the electron-electron interaction on the Aharonov-Bohm
      effect

PMID- 9941707
TI  - Incipient localization and the thermopower analog of the Mooij correlation.

PMID- 9941706
TI  - New surface mode on the (001) surfaces of RbBr and RbI.

PMID- 9941708
TI  - Point-contact spectroscopy in Al/In heterojunctions.

PMID- 9941709
TI  - Canonical description of electron states in random alloys.

PMID- 9941710
TI  - Medium-energy backscattered electron diffraction as a probe of elastic strain in
      epitaxial overlayers.

PMID- 9941711
TI  - Transport and superconducting properties of the Mg32(Al,Zn)49-type
      quasicrystalline and crystalline phases.

PMID- 9941712
TI  - Photoexcitation spectroscopy of polythiophene.

PMID- 9941713
TI  - Pressure dependence of the conduction-electron-spin-resonance linewidth of the
      alpha and beta phases of di-bis(ethylene- diothiolo)tetrathiafulvalene triiodide.

PMID- 9941715
TI  - Dynamics of excitons localized by stacking disorder in GaSe.

PMID- 9941714
TI  - Luminescence of multiple modulation-doped GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterojunctions in high
      magnetic fields.

PMID- 9941716
TI  - LoSurdo-Stark effect for a hydrogenic impurity in a thin layer: Two-dimensional
      model.

PMID- 9941718
TI  - Cyclotron-resonance determination of band offset in a PbTe quantum well.

PMID- 9941717
TI  - High-order resonant Raman scattering by combinations and overtones of interface
      phonons in GaAs-AlAs short-period superlattices.

PMID- 9941719
TI  - Fourier-transform infrared-absorption studies of intracenter transitions in the
      EL2 level in semi-insulating bulk GaAs grown with the liquid-encapsulated
      Czochralski technique.

PMID- 9941720
TI  - Coupled-mode stop bands of acoustic phonons in semiconductor superlattices.

PMID- 9941721
TI  - Electronic properties of the quaternary semiconductor alloy GaSb1-x-yAsxPy:
      Coherent-potential approximation.

PMID- 9941722
TI  - Persistent photoconductivity and field-enhanced conductivity in amorphous-silicon
      doping-modulated superlattices.

PMID- 9941723
TI  - Photoreflectance modulation mechanisms in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs multiple quantum wells.

PMID- 9941724
TI  - Picosecond Raman scattering from photoexcited plasmas in InP with spatial and
      temporal resolution.

PMID- 9941725
TI  - Microscopic study of tunneling processes via localized states in amorphous
      Si/SiOx tunnel barriers.

PMID- 9941726
TI  - Magnetic-field-enhanced Raman scattering by confined and interface phonons in
      semiconductor superlattices.

PMID- 9941727
TI  - Valence- and conduction-band electronic structure of wurtzite CdSe.

PMID- 9941728
TI  - Pressure-induced bond-angle variation in amorphous SiO2.

PMID- 9941729
TI  - Optical second-harmonic generation from thallium on silver.

PMID- 9941730
TI  - Optical and electrical properties of niobium carbide.

PMID- 9941731
TI  - Dressed-atom approach to embedding and physisorption in metals.

PMID- 9941732
TI  - Growth of metastable fcc Co on Ni(001).

PMID- 9941733
TI  - Localization and tunneling effects in percolating systems.

PMID- 9941734
TI  - Ab initio calculation of extended x-ray-absorption fine structure in Br2.

PMID- 9941736
TI  - Universal scaling relations in compressibility of solids.

PMID- 9941735
TI  - Polarized light scattering investigation of UBe13.

PMID- 9941738
TI  - Perturbation theory for light diffraction with surface-polariton resonances on a
      bigrating.

PMID- 9941737
TI  - Force and total-energy calculations for a spatially compact adsorbate on an
      extended, metallic crystal surface.

PMID- 9941739
TI  - Dispersion anomalies of surface plasmons on corrugated metal-insulator
      interfaces.

PMID- 9941740
TI  - Near-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure in uranium compounds.

PMID- 9941741
TI  - Fe and Mn sites in noncrystallographic alloy phases of Al-Mn-Fe and Al-Mn-Fe-Si.

PMID- 9941743
TI  - Thermoelectric power and elastoresistance of TaSe3.

PMID- 9941742
TI  - Surface-plasmon excitation by electrons in microlithographically produced
      channels.

PMID- 9941744
TI  - Infrared-laser excitation of the internal vibrational mode of a diatomic molecule
      adsorbed on a metal surface.

PMID- 9941745
TI  - Nuclear-magnetic-resonance powder patterns in Al6Mn, Al4Mn, and Al12Mn
      polycrystals.

PMID- 9941746
TI  - Ab initio electronic structure calculations for point defects in CoAl and CoGa.

PMID- 9941747
TI  - Structural relaxation of amorphous Zr70Cu30 and its effect on the electronic
      properties.

PMID- 9941749
TI  - Beam-induced annealing of defects in silicon after light-ion implantation at 30
      K.

PMID- 9941748
TI  - Dynamic local-field factor of an electron liquid in the quantum versions of the
      Singwi-Tosi-Land-Sjolander and Vashishta-Singwi theories.

PMID- 9941750
TI  - Optical absorption tails and structural disorder in SnxGe1-xSe2.5 and other
      chalcogenide alloy glasses and liquids.

PMID- 9941751
TI  - Potential fluctuations and density of gap states in amorphous semiconductors.

PMID- 9941752
TI  - Thomas-Fermi-Dirac dielectric function for GaAs and GaP.

PMID- 9941753
TI  - The 3942-cm-1 optical band in irradiated silicon.

PMID- 9941754
TI  - Properties of (GaAs)1-xGe2x and (GaSb)1-xGe2x: Consequences of a stochastic
      growth process.

PMID- 9941756
TI  - Development of a many-body Tersoff-type potential for silicon.

PMID- 9941755
TI  - Role of conformational disorder in the electronic structure of conjugated
      polymers: Substituted polydiacetylenes.

PMID- 9941757
TI  - Temperature dependence of electron mobility in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs modulation-doped
      quantum wells.

PMID- 9941758
TI  - Influence of the supercell structure on the folded acoustical Raman line
      intensities in superlattices.

PMID- 9941759
TI  - Photocarrier generation and transport in sigma -bonded polysilanes.

PMID- 9941760
TI  - Semiempirical band structure and partial density of states of CuCl.

PMID- 9941762
TI  - Temperature dependence of the high-frequency resistivity of a type-I superlattice
      due to impurity and phonon scatterings.

PMID- 9941761
TI  - Carrier kinetics in a surface-excited semiconductor slab: Influence of boundary
      conditions.

PMID- 9941763
TI  - Manganese-derived partial density of states in Cd1-xMnxTe.

PMID- 9941765
TI  - Capture of free excitons by phosphorus and boron in bilayered silicon crystals.

PMID- 9941764
TI  - Magnetoconductance due to parallel magnetic fields in silicon inversion layers.

PMID- 9941767
TI  - Anomalous magnetic properties of triplet excited states in crystalline and
      amorphous arsenic triselenide.

PMID- 9941766
TI  - Coupling between two dangling bonds in polycrystalline silicon.

PMID- 9941768
TI  - Resonance Raman scattering by optical phonons in GaAs near the E0 band gap.

PMID- 9941770
TI  - Behavior of the electron-hole gas in quantum wells in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs
      heterostructures under in-plane magnetic fields.

PMID- 9941769
TI  - Resonant Raman study of low-temperature exciton localization in GaAs quantum
      wells.

PMID- 9941771
TI  - Theoretical approach for n-i-p-i silicon.

PMID- 9941772
TI  - Dielectric and neutron diffraction studies of radiation damage on modulated
      deuterated thiourea

PMID- 9941773
TI  - Optical spectroscopy of Pb2+ in doubly doped KCl:Sr(Pb): Detection of Sr
      precipitates.

PMID- 9941774
TI  - Origin of the characteristic electron density distribution in silver halides.

PMID- 9941775
TI  - Bipolarons in boron icosahedra.

PMID- 9941776
TI  - Dynamics of zirconium oxide thin-film growth and ion-beam etching.

PMID- 9941778
TI  - Electronic and atomic structure of amorphous carbon.

PMID- 9941777
TI  - Polaron in N dimensions.

PMID- 9941779
TI  - Electronic structure of stage-2 SbCl5-intercalated graphite.

PMID- 9941780
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance in higher-stage graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9941781
TI  - Time-resolved photoluminescence in amorphous silicon dioxide.

PMID- 9941782
TI  - Thermal effects of the refractive index caused by the electron-phonon
      interaction.

PMID- 9941783
TI  - Tight-binding studies of Ga1-xAlxAs.

PMID- 9941784
TI  - Influence of surface corrugations on electron-stimulated desorption: Angular
      distributions of ions and neutral atoms from Ni(110)-CO.

PMID- 9941785
TI  - Systematics in bonding of simple adsorbates on a transition-metal surface.

PMID- 9941786
TI  - Light-scattering cross sections of Ca2+ and the calcium-cation-vacancy complex in
      KBr.

PMID- 9941788
TI  - X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer-effect study of the decagonal Al7(Mn1-xFex)2
      alloy.

PMID- 9941787
TI  - Correlation effects on the third-frequency-moment sum rule of electron liquids.

PMID- 9941789
TI  - Exciton binding energy in a quantum-well wire.

PMID- 9941790
TI  - Low-electronegativity overlayers and enhanced semiconductor oxidation: Sm on
      Si(111) and GaAs(110) surfaces.

PMID- 9941791
TI  - Oscillations in the photoconductivity of Si:Au: Possible new evidence for chaos.

PMID- 9941792
TI  - Discrete symmetries and selection rules for the polyacetylene model.

PMID- 9941793
TI  - Bonding characteristics of the sqrt 3

PMID- 9941794
TI  - Analysis of resonant Raman scattering spectra of fully oriented undoped and
      iodine-doped trans-polyacetylene: Experiments and theory.

PMID- 9941796
TI  - Scanning-tunneling-microscopy study of the Au(334) surface in air.

PMID- 9941795
TI  - Electron and quasiparticle density of states in the fractionally quantized Hall
      effect.

PMID- 9941797
TI  - Pressure-induced elimination of the hole gas in semimetallic GaSb-InAs-GaSb
      heterostructures.

PMID- 9941798
TI  - Detrapping of positrons and thermal stability of phosphorus-vacancy pairs in
      silicon.

PMID- 9941799
TI  - Surface vibrational spectroscopy by infrared-visible sum frequency generation.

PMID- 9941800
TI  - EPR and optical-absorption studies of Cmsup3+ in YPO4 and LuPO4 single crystals.

PMID- 9941801
TI  - Electronic excitations in the transition metals V, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Ta.

PMID- 9941802
TI  - Coherent quasielastic neutron scattering from NbDx.

PMID- 9941803
TI  - Unusual Mossbauer phenomenon in LixFePS3.

PMID- 9941804
TI  - Solid-effect rate equations for a spin-1 nucleus.

PMID- 9941805
TI  - Neutron scattering studies of the paramagnetic response in the mixed-valence
      alloy Ce1-xThx at high energy.

PMID- 9941806
TI  - Low-energy electron and positron diffraction measurements and analysis on
      Cu(100).

PMID- 9941807
TI  - Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering in PrF3.

PMID- 9941808
TI  - Tetragonal Ni+ ions in x-ray-irradiated KMgF3:Ni.

PMID- 9941809
TI  - Neutron scattering, magnetization, and Mossbauer measurements on EuPd2Si2 with
      enriched 153Eu isotopes.

PMID- 9941811
TI  - Subharmonic locking in Josephson weak links.

PMID- 9941810
TI  - Positron annihilation from F centers of alkali halide crystals.

PMID- 9941813
TI  - Intrinsic fluctuations of the vortex-line density in superfluid turbulence.

PMID- 9941812
TI  - High-velocity growth of solid 4He.

PMID- 9941814
TI  - Magnetic polarons in low-density solid 3He.

PMID- 9941815
TI  - Superconducting transitions in Hg3- delta SbF

PMID- 9941816
TI  - Fractal multilayered superconductors.

PMID- 9941817
TI  - 3He-4He mixture as a weak link for Josephson effects in superfluid 3He.

PMID- 9941818
TI  - Localization, superconducting fluctuations, and superconductivity in thin films
      and narrow wires of aluminum.

PMID- 9941819
TI  - Space-time pattern formation and conversion in the dc-driven, damped sine-Gordon
      equation.

PMID- 9941820
TI  - Superconducting properties of In-Ge mixture films.

PMID- 9941821
TI  - Toxen relation for the energy gap.

PMID- 9941822
TI  - Dependence of the upper critical field on the spectral density for arbitrary
      impurity concentrations.

PMID- 9941823
TI  - Anomalous behavior of the superconducting critical temperature of Mo-V
      superlattices.

PMID- 9941824
TI  - Superconductive quantum size effect in indium films.

PMID- 9941825
TI  - Effects of paramagnons in a proximity sandwich.

PMID- 9941826
TI  - Melnikov's method for nonperiodic perturbations and the bifurcations in a
      Josephson junction.

PMID- 9941827
TI  - Hyperfine fields of 3d and 4d impurities in nickel.

PMID- 9941828
TI  - Anisotropic electrical conductivity in heterogeneous solids with cylindrical
      conducting inclusions.

PMID- 9941829
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity of Ce2Sn5.

PMID- 9941830
TI  - Elastic effects in intercalation compounds: Comparison of lithium in graphite and
      TiS2.

PMID- 9941831
TI  - Phenomenology and neglect of irrelevant variables for ferromagnetic systems.

PMID- 9941832
TI  - High-field magnetization of (Cd,Mn)Te.

PMID- 9941833
TI  - Structure of high-stage potassium-intercalated graphite.

PMID- 9941835
TI  - Quantum statistics of easy-plane ferromagnetic chains and specific heat of CsNiF3
      and (C6H

PMID- 9941834
TI  - Magnetic excitations in the longitudinally polarized antiferromagnetic phase of
      praseodymium.

PMID- 9941836
TI  - Monte Carlo study of the antiferromagnetic two-dimensional Blume-Capel model.

PMID- 9941837
TI  - Ising spin dynamics on fractal lattices.

PMID- 9941838
TI  - Two-dimensional Hubbard model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor hopping.

PMID- 9941839
TI  - Pressure dependences of the elastic moduli and the diffuse ferroelectric phase
      transition in PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3.

PMID- 9941840
TI  - Critical behavior in nonequilibrium phase transitions.

PMID- 9941841
TI  - Density-functional approach to phase transitions of submonolayer films. I. The
      role of the intrinsic and extrinsic ordering forces.

PMID- 9941842
TI  - Density-functional approach to phase transitions of submonolayer films. II. The
      role of the relaxation mechanisms.

PMID- 9941843
TI  - Large-orbital-degeneracy expansion for the lattice Anderson model.

PMID- 9941844
TI  - Effect of electron-phonon interaction on spin susceptibility in A15 compounds.

PMID- 9941845
TI  - Monte Carlo studies of Ising ferromagnets and the Villain model in transverse
      fields.

PMID- 9941846
TI  - Thomas-Fermi theory of screening of a positive point charge in an insulator.

PMID- 9941847
TI  - Close packings of uniform disks with perfect orientational order.

PMID- 9941848
TI  - Sine-Gordon system as a Toda lattice: Thermodynamics in the classical limit.

PMID- 9941850
TI  - Random exchange effects in antiferromagnetic quantum spin chains: A Monte Carlo
      study.

PMID- 9941849
TI  - Ferromagnets with weak random anisotropy.

PMID- 9941852
TI  - Frustrated XY model with screening.

PMID- 9941851
TI  - Transport anisotropy and percolation in the two-dimensional random-hopping model.

PMID- 9941853
TI  - Time-reversal invariance and universality of two-dimensional growth models.

PMID- 9941855
TI  - Monte Carlo study of glassy order in two-dimensional Lennard-Jones systems.

PMID- 9941854
TI  - Hamiltonian dynamics of the double sine-Gordon kink.

PMID- 9941856
TI  - Resistance fluctuations in randomly diluted networks.

PMID- 9941858
TI  - Cluster-variation calculation for random-field systems: Application to hydrogen
      in niobium alloys.

PMID- 9941857
TI  - Large-n -limit model for quantum structural phase transitions with correlated
      random fields.

PMID- 9941859
TI  - Physical significance of local-density-functional-theory eigenvalues.

PMID- 9941860
TI  - Critical surface free energies and universal finite-size scaling amplitudes of
      three-dimensional XY models by direct Monte Carlo sampling.

PMID- 9941861
TI  - Nuclear-quadrupole-resonance line shapes for spin 1 and the incommensurate
      structure of the 20r polytype of K3Co(CN)6 at low temperature.

PMID- 9941862
TI  - Thermofield quantum Monte Carlo method and its applications to quantum spin
      systems.

PMID- 9941863
TI  - Unusual magnetic response of intermediate-valent YbPd and Yb3Pd4 as studied by
      inelastic neutron scattering.

PMID- 9941865
TI  - Surface spin reorientation in thin Gd films on Fe in an applied magnetic field.

PMID- 9941864
TI  - Nonasymptotic critical behavior from field theory at d=3. II. The ordered-phase
      case.

PMID- 9941866
TI  - Critical behavior of a semi-infinite Ising model with an edge.

PMID- 9941867
TI  - Conformation of a polymer chain at the theta' point: Connection to the external
      perimeter of a percolation cluster.

PMID- 9941868
TI  - Dimerization model for the metal-semiconductor transition in BaPb1-xBix

PMID- 9941870
TI  - Quantum-mechanical derivation of the equations of motion for Davydov solitons.

PMID- 9941869
TI  - Pinning forces and defects as measured by critical currents in amorphous
      superconducting materials.

PMID- 9941872
TI  - Nonequilibrium phase transition to a time-dependent probability density for a
      model of charge-density waves.

PMID- 9941871
TI  - Pressure-induced phase transitions in KLiSO4.

PMID- 9941873
TI  - Use of scaling plots in phase-transition studies.

PMID- 9941874
TI  - Solitary waves in one-dimensional damped systems.

PMID- 9941875
TI  - Structure dependence of final-state effects in deep inelastic neutron scattering:
      Quasiclassical theory.

PMID- 9941876
TI  - Hard-core repulsive interactions in even-parity electron pairings for heavy
      fermion systems.

PMID- 9941877
TI  - Penetration depth of a superconducting superlattice.

PMID- 9941878
TI  - Magnetic properties of the two-dimensional n=0 vector model.

PMID- 9941879
TI  - Percolation on a random lattice.

PMID- 9941880
TI  - Composition modulation of K-Rb mixtures in graphite.

PMID- 9941881
TI  - Random-exchange Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains in Langmuir-Blodgett films of
      N-docosylpyridinium-bistetracyanoquinodimethane.

PMID- 9941882
TI  - Frustrated nearest-neighbor d=2 Ising model: Exact results.

PMID- 9941883
TI  - Multilayer phase diagram of CF4 adsorbed on graphite.

PMID- 9941884
TI  - Random-field model of exchange anisotropy at rough ferromagnetic
      antiferromagnetic interfaces.

PMID- 9941885
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of the growth of wetting layers.

PMID- 9941887
TI  - New wave-vector selection rule for photoemission from a semi-infinite crystalline
      solid.

PMID- 9941886
TI  - YbSi: A nearly localized heavy-fermion antiferromagnet.

PMID- 9941888
TI  - Ground-state and thermodynamic properties of the Hubbard model applied to small
      clusters.

PMID- 9941890
TI  - Multipolar response of small metallic spheres: Nonlocal theory.

PMID- 9941889
TI  - Formation and structure of icosahedral and glassy phases in melt-spun Al-Si-Mn.

PMID- 9941891
TI  - Resonances in the photoemission cross section of a surface state: Results for
      Ag(111).

PMID- 9941893
TI  - Observation of bulk tantalum oxide formation below 35 K.

PMID- 9941892
TI  - Electronic structure and chemical properties of Pt overlayers on Nb(110).

PMID- 9941894
TI  - Acoustical polaron in three dimensions: The impedance function.

PMID- 9941895
TI  - Substrate effects on surface-plasmon spectra in metal-island films.

PMID- 9941896
TI  - Optical properties of scandium thin films.

PMID- 9941897
TI  - Photoemission, inverse photoemission, and fluctuations in an exactly soluble many
      body cluster model of bcc iron.

PMID- 9941899
TI  - Modified form of the cluster-variation method.

PMID- 9941898
TI  - Geometry of (22)S/Cu(001) determined with use of angle-resolved-photoemission
      extended fine structure.

PMID- 9941901
TI  - Effective electron-density variation and atomic configuration of Al in AlxGa1
      xAs.

PMID- 9941900
TI  - Dirac scattered-wave calculations on an icosahedral Au13 cluster.

PMID- 9941902
TI  - Uniaxial stress study of photoluminescence defects created by noble-gas
      implantation into silicon.

PMID- 9941904
TI  - Plasmon and electron-hole-pair damping of excited vibrational and electronic
      states in quasi-two-dimensional electron systems.

PMID- 9941903
TI  - EPR studies of heat-treatment centers in p-type silicon.

PMID- 9941905
TI  - Long-range order in (GaAs)1-xGe2x and (GaSb)1-xGe2x: Predictions for <111>
      growth.

PMID- 9941906
TI  - Optically induced long-lifetime photoconductivity in semi-insulating bulk GaAs.

PMID- 9941907
TI  - Spin relaxation of holes in the split-hole band of InP and GaSb.

PMID- 9941908
TI  - Non-muffin-tin formalism for random-semiconductor-alloy calculations.

PMID- 9941909
TI  - Lattice-dynamical and photoelastic properties of GaSe under high pressures
      studied by Raman scattering and electronic susceptibility.

PMID- 9941911
TI  - Magnetoplasma modes in thin films in the Faraday configuration.

PMID- 9941910
TI  - Effect of an applied magnetic field on interface excitations in finite layered
      structures.

PMID- 9941912
TI  - Theory of polar scattering in semiconductor quantum structures.

PMID- 9941914
TI  - Symmetry of Si(111)77 at an a-Si interface.

PMID- 9941913
TI  - Reduction of charge-center scattering rate in Hg1-xFexSe.

PMID- 9941916
TI  - Electronically stimulated deep-center reactions in electron-irradiated InP:
      Comparison between experiment and recombination-enhancement theories.

PMID- 9941915
TI  - Theory of bipolaron lattices in quasi-one-dimensional conducting polymers.

PMID- 9941917
TI  - Magnetophonon oscillation of the transverse magneto-Seebeck-coefficient in
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9941918
TI  - Electronic structure, atomic structure, and the passivated nature of the arsenic
      terminated Si(111) surface.

PMID- 9941919
TI  - Electronic structure of M3ISb-type filled tetrahedral semiconductors.

PMID- 9941920
TI  - Raman scattering study of coupled hole-plasmon-LO-phonon modes in p-type GaAs and
      p-type AlxGa1-xAs.

PMID- 9941921
TI  - Green's-function approach to transient hot-electron transport in semiconductors
      under a uniform electric field.

PMID- 9941923
TI  - Three-body contribution to the adsorption potential of atoms on graphite.

PMID- 9941922
TI  - Self-consistent calculations of the two-dimensional electron density in
      modulation-doped superlattices.

PMID- 9941924
TI  - New secondary relaxation in polymeric glasses: A possible common feature of the
      glassy state.

PMID- 9941925
TI  - Density-functional study of the NiO6 10- cluster.

PMID- 9941926
TI  - Laser-induced phonon-polariton coupling with x rays in the symmetric Bragg
      geometry.

PMID- 9941927
TI  - Enhancements of laser-induced phonon-polariton coupling with x rays in the
      symmetric Laue geometry.

PMID- 9941928
TI  - Photothermal analysis of synergistic radiation effects in ThF4 optical thin
      films.

PMID- 9941929
TI  - Tunneling dynamics of doped organic low-temperature glasses as probed by a
      photophysical hole-burning system.

PMID- 9941931
TI  - Raman spectroscopy of submicron KNO3 films.

PMID- 9941930
TI  - Photoconductivity of the nickel dihalides and the nature of the energy gap.

PMID- 9941932
TI  - Optical response and band-structure calculations of alkaline-earth tellurides
      under pressure.

PMID- 9941933
TI  - Optical spectra of two-dimensional butadiene iron tricarbonyl in the adsorbed
      state.

PMID- 9941934
TI  - Thermal conductivity of amorphous solids above the plateau.

PMID- 9941935
TI  - Image states of a corrugated metal surface.

PMID- 9941936
TI  - One-dimensional quantum electron system under a finite voltage.

PMID- 9941937
TI  - Stability of Cu3: A variational and perturbational configuration-interaction
      study.

PMID- 9941938
TI  - Icosahedral particles of an Al-Mn alloy produced by gas evaporation.

PMID- 9941939
TI  - Electronic band structure of rhombohedral arsenic studied by angle-resolved
      photoemission with synchrotron radiation.

PMID- 9941940
TI  - Observation of P1/2 resonant states and Fano resonances of the deep gold acceptor
      in silicon.

PMID- 9941941
TI  - Transport relaxation time of a two-dimensional electron gas due to scattering by
      surface acoustic waves.

PMID- 9941942
TI  - Quantum size effects in spherical semiconductor microcrystals.

PMID- 9941943
TI  - Vibrational modes around the soliton in strongly coupled one-dimensional electron
      lattice systems.

PMID- 9941944
TI  - Search for kinetic properties of solitons in polyacetylenes.

PMID- 9941945
TI  - Relationship between laser-induced gratings and vibrational properties of Eu
      doped glasses.

PMID- 9941946
TI  - Screening of the intermolecular van der Waals interaction at a metal surface.

PMID- 9941947
TI  - Sum rules for the nonlinear susceptibilities in the case of sum frequency
      generation.

PMID- 9941948
TI  - Erratum: Polaronic states in a slab of a polar crystal

PMID- 9941949
TI  - Orientation and bond length of molecular oxygen on Ag(110) and Pt(111): A near
      edge x-ray-absorption fine-structure study.

PMID- 9941950
TI  - Voltage fluctuations in small conductors.

PMID- 9941951
TI  - Elastic constants of Mo/Ta superlattices measured by Brillouin scattering.

PMID- 9941952
TI  - Minority-spin states for V and Mn on Ag(111) by inverse photoemission.

PMID- 9941953
TI  - Picosecond time-resolved Raman studies of the expansion of the electron-hole
      plasma in Si.

PMID- 9941954
TI  - Unoccupied surface states revealing the Si(111) sqrt 3 sqrt 3 -Al, -Ga, and -In
      adatom geometries.

PMID- 9941955
TI  - Observtion of an oxygen-related mobility-gap defect in ion-implanted hydrogenated
      amorphous silicon films.

PMID- 9941956
TI  - Intersubband energies in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs heterojunctions.

PMID- 9941957
TI  - Intersubband optical absorption in a quantum well with an applied electric field.

PMID- 9941959
TI  - Comparison of high-temperature and laser-quenched Si(111) using low-energy
      electron diffraction.

PMID- 9941958
TI  - Exciton binding energy in type-II GaAs-(Al,Ga)As quantum-well heterostructures.

PMID- 9941961
TI  - Noise-power temperature for steady-state hot-electron systems in semiconductors.

PMID- 9941960
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of planar channeling in superlattices.

PMID- 9941963
TI  - Quasiparticle energies in GaAs and AlAs.

PMID- 9941962
TI  - Defects in single-crystal silicon induced by hydrogenation.

PMID- 9941964
TI  - Periodic negative conductance by sequential resonant tunneling through an
      expanding high-field superlattice domain.

PMID- 9941965
TI  - Local-density-functional results for the dimerization of trans-polyacetylene:
      Relationship to the band-gap problem.

PMID- 9941966
TI  - X-ray diffraction study of anharmonicity in Vsub3Si.

PMID- 9941967
TI  - Growth dynamics at a metal-metal interface.

PMID- 9941968
TI  - Electron scattering by electron holograms: The physical interpretation of the
      Coulomb anomaly in disordered electron systems.

PMID- 9941969
TI  - High-resolution photoemission study of Co/Si(111) interface formation.

PMID- 9941970
TI  - Quantum reflection and dissipation.

PMID- 9941971
TI  - Asymmetric line shapes and the electron-hole pair mechanism for adsorbed
      molecules on surfaces.

PMID- 9941972
TI  - Electron emission from a metal surface bombarded by slow highly charged ions.

PMID- 9941974
TI  - Optical properties of UBe13, CeBe13, and ThBe13.

PMID- 9941973
TI  - Adsorption of molecular nitrogen on clean and modified Ru(001) surfaces: The role
      of sigma bonding.

PMID- 9941975
TI  - Neutron diffraction and the structure of amorphous Ni0.95Tb0.05.

PMID- 9941976
TI  - Reconstructed W(001) surface: distortion and phonons at T=0.

PMID- 9941977
TI  - Photofield emission from transition-metal surface states.

PMID- 9941979
TI  - Proof of the nonexistence of (formal) phase transitions in polaron systems. II.

PMID- 9941978
TI  - Proof of the nonexistence of (formal) phase transitions in polaron systems. I.

PMID- 9941980
TI  - Localized 3p excitations in 3d transition-metal-series spectroscopy.

PMID- 9941981
TI  - Linear response of an inhomogeneous electron gas.

PMID- 9941982
TI  - Relativistic spin-polarized densities in a scattering-theory formulation:
      Applications to the electronic structure of plutonium.

PMID- 9941984
TI  - Surface-sandwich segregation in Pt-Ni and Ag-Ni alloys: Two different physical
      origins for the same phenomenon.

PMID- 9941983
TI  - Excitonic trions in a low magnetic field.

PMID- 9941985
TI  - Resonance Raman scattering from defects in CdSe.

PMID- 9941986
TI  - Radiation effects and anelastic loss in germanium-doped quartz.

PMID- 9941987
TI  - Fundamental absorption edge of SrTiO3 at high temperatures.

PMID- 9941988
TI  - Hot electrons in one dimension. II. Backscattering.

PMID- 9941989
TI  - Absorption edge of the amorphous (GeS2)x(As2S3)1-x system under hydrostatic
      pressure.

PMID- 9941990
TI  - Nonlinear electron-phonon dynamics: The appearance of solitary excitations and
      localized modes.

PMID- 9941992
TI  - Luminescence quenching of an ultrathin tetraphenylporphyrin film on a conductive
      SnO2 substrate.

PMID- 9941991
TI  - High-resolution 13C NMR investigation of the metal-semiconductor transition in an
      organic conductor.

PMID- 9941993
TI  - Interface polaron in a strong magnetic field.

PMID- 9941994
TI  - Ballistic electron transport in thin silicon dioxide films.

PMID- 9941995
TI  - Theoretical study of superionic SrCl2 below the critical temperature by a simple
      model.

PMID- 9941996
TI  - Local and nonlocal surface nonlinearities for surface optical second-harmonic
      generation.

PMID- 9941997
TI  - Fourth-order perturbation calculation of the cyclotron resonance frequency of the
      two-dimensional polaron.

PMID- 9941999
TI  - Defect clusters in wustite Fe1-xO.

PMID- 9942000
TI  - Central mode in hyper-Raman spectra of the quasi-one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded
      ferroelectric CsH2PO4.

PMID- 9941998
TI  - Polaron ground-state energy in two dimensions.

PMID- 9942001
TI  - Lattice dynamics of molecular calcite crystals.

PMID- 9942002
TI  - Optical properties of transition-metal ions in zirconium-based metal fluoride
      glasses and MgF2 crystals.

PMID- 9942003
TI  - Pressure dependence of the c-axis resistivity of graphite.

PMID- 9942004
TI  - Quasicrystallinity of icosahedral Pd58.8U20.6Si20.6.

PMID- 9942005
TI  - Theory for the low-temperature dependence of the ultrasonic attenuation in heavy
      fermion metals.

PMID- 9942006
TI  - Extended x-ray-absorption fine structure of a system of mixed phases.

PMID- 9942007
TI  - Lattice dynamics of gamma -Fe.

PMID- 9942009
TI  - Polaron effects on excitons in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9942008
TI  - Evidence of two Bi sites from EPR of Mn2+ in Bi-doped amorphous germanium
      chalcogenides.

PMID- 9942010
TI  - Relativistic corrections to the semiconducting properties of selected materials.

PMID- 9942012
TI  - Linear, nonlinear optical, and related properties of some mixed Cu-BIII-C2VI
      chalcopyrites.

PMID- 9942011
TI  - Magneto-optical studies of GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs multi-quantum-well structures grown by
      molecular-beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9942013
TI  - Charge transfer in stage-1 OsF6- and MoF6-intercalated graphite compounds.

PMID- 9942015
TI  - Lifetime in a two-dimensional image-potential-induced electron band.

PMID- 9942014
TI  - Orientation relationship of decagonal quasicrystal and tenfold twins in rapidly
      cooled Al-Fe alloy.

PMID- 9942016
TI  - Nonlinear magnetoresistance and charge-density-wave depinning at liquid-helium
      temperatures in NbSe3.

PMID- 9942017
TI  - Inelastic scattering time in three-dimensional nearly magnetic disordered fermion
      systems.

PMID- 9942018
TI  - Interaction of optical phonons with electrons in an InAs quantum well.

PMID- 9942019
TI  - Moumlssbauer studies of Ta1-xFexS3 (0.0012 <= x <= 0.5) and their charge-density
      waves.

PMID- 9942020
TI  - Energy loss of MeV light ions specularly reflected from a SnTe(001) surface.

PMID- 9942021
TI  - 87Rb NMR study of the paraelectric-antiferroelectric phase transition in
      Rb0.22(ND4)0.78D2PO2.

PMID- 9942022
TI  - N-shell core-level widths for the elements 74W to 83Bi.

PMID- 9942023
TI  - Calculation of the energy spectrum and eigenfunctions for a model system of
      interacting XH3 groups in the low-temperature limit.

PMID- 9942024
TI  - Systematics in the ionization states of 57Fe following the electron-capture decay
      of 57Co in different rare-gas matrices.

PMID- 9942026
TI  - Theory of disorder-induced increase and degradation of superconducting Tc.

PMID- 9942025
TI  - Transferred hyperfine interaction in the ESR spectra of Eu2+ in CdTe.

PMID- 9942028
TI  - Resonant activation of a Brownian particle out of a potential well: Microwave
      enhanced escape from the zero-voltage state of a Josephson junction.

PMID- 9942027
TI  - Current-carrying state in a polar-phase superconductor at T=0.

PMID- 9942030
TI  - Effects of the dipole interaction in superfluid 3He-B.

PMID- 9942029
TI  - Variable superconducting quantum-interference device: Theory.

PMID- 9942031
TI  - X-ray study of phases and structures in 3He-4He solid solutions.

PMID- 9942033
TI  - Proximity effect and the thermodynamic properties of superconducting thin films.

PMID- 9942032
TI  - Specific heat of thin-film A15 superconductors: An anomalous inhomogeneity
      discovered.

PMID- 9942035
TI  - Strongly interacting fermions.

PMID- 9942034
TI  - Two-dimensional virial and spin-wave coefficients of spin-polarized gases (H

PMID- 9942036
TI  - Hydrodynamic description of collective modes in heavy-fermion superconductors.

PMID- 9942037
TI  - Superconductivity in the generalized periodic Anderson model with strong local
      attraction.

PMID- 9942038
TI  - Adsorption and capillary condensation of 4He on Nuclepore: Third-sound and
      capacitance measurements.

PMID- 9942039
TI  - Perturbation analysis of a parametrically changed sine-Gordon equation.

PMID- 9942040
TI  - Oxygen and rare-earth doping of the 90-K superconducting perovskite YBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9942041
TI  - Vortices with half magnetic flux quanta in "heavy-fermion" superconductors.

PMID- 9942042
TI  - Impedance of radio-frequency-biased resistive superconducting quantum
      interference devices.

PMID- 9942043
TI  - Green's-function theory of the anisotropic Heisenberg model in a transverse
      field.

PMID- 9942044
TI  - Monte Carlo study of a triangular Ising lattice-gas model with two-body and three
      body interactions.

PMID- 9942045
TI  - Residual entropy and validity of the third law of thermodynamics in discrete spin
      systems.

PMID- 9942046
TI  - Perturbation theory of impurity diffusion.

PMID- 9942047
TI  - Pulse-duration memory effect and deformable charge-density waves.

PMID- 9942048
TI  - Brillouin spectroscopy of polarization fluctuations in Rb1-x(NH4)xH2PO4 mixed
      crystals: Concentration dependence.

PMID- 9942049
TI  - Specific heat of the degenerate Kondo model: Exact results in the presence of
      crystal fields.

PMID- 9942050
TI  - Spin-fluctuation effects in CeSix alloys: High-field heat-capacity, magnetic
      susceptibility, and electrical resistivity studies, and a comment on TiBe2.

PMID- 9942051
TI  - Frequency dependence of the ac susceptibility in the random anisotropy system
      Dy(P1-xVx)O4.

PMID- 9942053
TI  - Breakdown properties of quenched random systems: The random-fuse network.

PMID- 9942052
TI  - Influence of an external magnetic field on the reentrant spin-glass transition
      temperature in a Cr75Fe25 alloy.

PMID- 9942054
TI  - Antiferromagnetic correlations in almost-localized Fermi liquids.

PMID- 9942055
TI  - Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of many-body phenomena in a single-impurity
      Anderson model.

PMID- 9942056
TI  - Experimental study of the critical scattering from a two-dimensional random Ising
      antiferromagnet.

PMID- 9942058
TI  - Grain boundaries with impurities in a two-dimensional lattice-gas model.

PMID- 9942057
TI  - Gap problem for the Hubbard chain at finite temperatures: Solution via the Bethe
      ansatz method.

PMID- 9942059
TI  - Equivalence of the dynamical and total-energy approaches in the calculation of
      elastic constants of magnetic metals.

PMID- 9942060
TI  - Theory of the Anderson lattice at finite temperatures.

PMID- 9942061
TI  - Electronic structure of the hydride Pd3FeH.

PMID- 9942062
TI  - Dielectric and electrothermal measurements on (Cd0.83Pb0.17)2Nb2O7 at liquid
      nitrogen temperatures.

PMID- 9942063
TI  - Critical behavior of the isotropic ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with arbitrary
      spin S.

PMID- 9942064
TI  - Measurement of the B1-B2 transition pressure in NaCl at high temperatures.

PMID- 9942065
TI  - Pinning, metastability, and sliding of charge-density waves in an electric field.

PMID- 9942066
TI  - Resistivity from magnetic impurity pairs in metallic alloys.

PMID- 9942067
TI  - Nonuniversal critical dynamics of the alternating-bond Ising chain: Relaxational
      and diffusive kinetics.

PMID- 9942068
TI  - Longitudinal spin susceptibility and spin dynamics of field-induced spin-density
      waves in Bechgaard salts.

PMID- 9942069
TI  - Spin thermodynamics of periodically time-dependent systems: The quasistationary
      state and its decay.

PMID- 9942070
TI  - Magnetization in a quenched random-bond transverse Ising model with competing
      interactions.

PMID- 9942071
TI  - Nearest-neighbor frustrated random-bond model in d=2: Some exact results.

PMID- 9942073
TI  - High-temperature series expansion for spin glasses. II. Analysis of the series.

PMID- 9942072
TI  - High-temperature series expansion for spin glasses. I. Derivation of the series.

PMID- 9942075
TI  - Crystallization of dense magnetic polarons in degenerate magnetic semiconductors.

PMID- 9942074
TI  - Monte Carlo study of dynamic universality in two-dimensional Potts models.

PMID- 9942077
TI  - Anisotropic magnetic properties of single crystals of SmRh4B4.

PMID- 9942076
TI  - Multilattice microcanonical simulation of the three-dimensional three-state Potts
      model.

PMID- 9942078
TI  - Three-body interactions, scaling variables, and singular diameters in the
      coexistence curves of fluids.

PMID- 9942079
TI  - Proton and 45Sc nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of hydrogen diffusive hopping in
      hcp scandium.

PMID- 9942080
TI  - Dynamic spin susceptibility of semimagnetic semiconductors.

PMID- 9942081
TI  - Nonlinear travelling waves in ferroelectrics.

PMID- 9942082
TI  - Dynamical diffraction of x rays by perfect magnetic crystals.

PMID- 9942083
TI  - Domain-wall interactions. I. General features and phase diagrams for spatially
      modulated phases.

PMID- 9942084
TI  - Interface in an Ising model with a spatially varying coupling constant.

PMID- 9942085
TI  - Finite-temperature spectral density for the Anderson model.

PMID- 9942086
TI  - Diffusion and dynamical transition in hierarchical systems.

PMID- 9942088
TI  - Calculation of momentum distribution of positronium ejected from surfaces.

PMID- 9942087
TI  - Spin-density waves in heavy-fermion compounds: A theoretical study.

PMID- 9942090
TI  - New form of pair interaction in superconductivity in pressure-sensitive systems.

PMID- 9942089
TI  - Analysis of the electron paramagnetic resonance zero-field splitting for Fe3+ in
      sapphire.

PMID- 9942091
TI  - Magnetization and susceptibility studies of the superconductive compound
      Gd1Ba2Cu3Oz.

PMID- 9942092
TI  - Point-contact characteristics obtained with single-phase Y-Ba-Cu-O
      superconductors.

PMID- 9942094
TI  - Normal-state gap transition in Cu-O superconductors.

PMID- 9942093
TI  - Raman study of lattice modes in the high-critical-temperature superconductor Y-Ba
      Cu-O.

PMID- 9942095
TI  - Optical properties of La1.85Sr0.15CuO4: Evidence for strong electron-phonon and
      electron-electron interactions.

PMID- 9942096
TI  - Far-infrared reflectivity of La2-xSrx

PMID- 9942097
TI  - Paramagnetic resonance of Cu2+ ions in the superconductor Y0.2Ba0.8CuOx.

PMID- 9942098
TI  - High-Tc superconductivity in the La1.8Sr0.2CuO4 and Y1.2Ba0.8CuO4 systems.

PMID- 9942100
TI  - Theoretical description of spin-density waves in heavy-fermion systems.

PMID- 9942099
TI  - Implications of infrared instability in a two-dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9942101
TI  - Noise rise in parametric amplifiers.

PMID- 9942102
TI  - Transport calculations in arbitrarily polarized liquid 3He.

PMID- 9942103
TI  - Mechanism of the anomalous increase of the specific heat of helium II near the
      lambda point.

PMID- 9942105
TI  - Explicit renormalization-group analysis of the D=2 random-bond Ising model.

PMID- 9942104
TI  - Mossbauer study of Ni0.01Fe0.99S.

PMID- 9942106
TI  - Critical amplitudes for correlated percolation.

PMID- 9942107
TI  - Ferromagnetic transition in dilute Pd-Co alloys.

PMID- 9942109
TI  - Phase transitions in asymmetric Potts models: Breakdown of the classical mean
      field picture.

PMID- 9942108
TI  - Defects and the first-order phase transitions in AgI.

PMID- 9942110
TI  - Splitting of the Neel transition in holmium in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9942111
TI  - Characterization of the mixed-valence to heavy-fermion transition in CeCu2
      xCoxSi2 by susceptibility and resistance studies.

PMID- 9942112
TI  - Specific-heat behavior across the heavy-fermion to mixed-valence transition in
      CeCu2-xNixSi2 alloys.

PMID- 9942113
TI  - Hall effect in a three-dimensional percolation system.

PMID- 9942114
TI  - Anisotropy-induced phase transition in metallic spin-glass alloys.

PMID- 9942115
TI  - Ground-state zero-field splitting for the Fe3+ ion in a cubic field.

PMID- 9942116
TI  - Magnons and solitons in a spin-1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg-Ising ring.

PMID- 9942117
TI  - Limit of ergodicity in dipolar glasses.

PMID- 9942118
TI  - Reply to "Limit of ergodicity in dipolar glasses"

PMID- 9942119
TI  - Conductivity of hierarchical networks with a broad distribution of resistors.

PMID- 9942120
TI  - Dynamic modes of one-dimensional Josephson tunnel junctions.

PMID- 9942121
TI  - Analytic solutions for bunched two-fluxon states in Josephson transmission lines.

PMID- 9942122
TI  - Electrical, structural, and superconducting properties of hydrogenated Nb-Ta
      superlattices.

PMID- 9942123
TI  - Photoemission resonances of the high-temperature superconductor Ba2YCu3O7+x.

PMID- 9942124
TI  - Confirmation of antiferromagnetism in La2CuO

PMID- 9942125
TI  - Antiferromagnetism and oxygen deficiency in single-crystal La2CuO4- delta.

PMID- 9942126
TI  - Superconducting shells in ceramic YBa2Cu

PMID- 9942128
TI  - Independent superconductivity and paramagnetism in HoBa2Cu3Oz.

PMID- 9942127
TI  - Thermodynamic fluctuations in the superconductor Y1Ba2Cu3O9- delta : Evidence for
      three-dimensional superconductivity.

PMID- 9942129
TI  - Magnetic properties of a high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O7: Reentry-like features,
      paramagnetism, and glassy behavior.

PMID- 9942130
TI  - Tunneling measurements on the high-Tc superconductors La1.85Sr

PMID- 9942131
TI  - Far-infrared spectra of polycrystalline Ba2YCu3O9- delta.

PMID- 9942132
TI  - Cu-O vibrations of Ba2YCu

PMID- 9942134
TI  - Mean-field theory of high-Tc superconductivity: The superexchange mechanism.

PMID- 9942133
TI  - Superconductivity transition temperature enhancement due to Peierls instability.

PMID- 9942135
TI  - Structural chemistry and high-temperature superconductivity.

PMID- 9942137
TI  - Prediction of ferromagnetism in bcc Mn.

PMID- 9942136
TI  - Plasma oscillations in heavy-fermion materials.

PMID- 9942139
TI  - Negative evidence for a proton-tunneling mechanism in the phase transition of
      KH2PO4-type crystals.

PMID- 9942138
TI  - Switching time in Rb2(1-x)K2xZnCl4.

PMID- 9942140
TI  - Crossover from singular to regular thermodynamic behavior of fluids in the
      critical region.

PMID- 9942142
TI  - Positron work function and deformation potential.

PMID- 9942141
TI  - Propagating spin waves in Ni above Tc: Evidence against their existence.

PMID- 9942144
TI  - Improved age-diffusion model for low-energy electron transport in solids. II.
      Application to secondary emission from aluminum.

PMID- 9942143
TI  - Improved age-diffusion model for low-energy electron transport in solids. I.
      Theory.

PMID- 9942145
TI  - Mossbauer study of CuCr0.1Fe

PMID- 9942147
TI  - Silicon amorphization during ion implantation as a thermal phenomenon.

PMID- 9942146
TI  - Energy-transfer mechanisms in the KCl:Eu2+,Mn2+ system.

PMID- 9942148
TI  - Self-consistent medium polarization in spin-polarized 3He.

PMID- 9942149
TI  - Spin-orbit coupling in Fermi-liquid theory.

PMID- 9942150
TI  - Variational theory of multicomponent quantum fluids: An application to positron
      electron plasmas at T=0.

PMID- 9942152
TI  - Integrable narrow-band model with possible relevance to heavy-fermion systems.

PMID- 9942151
TI  - Role of final-state interactions in the inelastic structure function of quantum
      liquids.

PMID- 9942154
TI  - Near-equilibrium desorption of helium films.

PMID- 9942153
TI  - Behavior of anisotropic superconductors under uniaxial stress.

PMID- 9942155
TI  - New phonon structures observed by tunneling in granular NbN films.

PMID- 9942157
TI  - Brillouin-Wigner theory of mixed-valence rare-earth impurities in Bardeen-Cooper
      Schrieffer superconductors.

PMID- 9942156
TI  - Stability of the McCumber curve for long Josephson tunnel junctions.

PMID- 9942158
TI  - Anisotropy and drift of a vortex tangle in helium II.

PMID- 9942159
TI  - Thermodynamics in very strong coupling: A possible model for the high-Tc oxides.

PMID- 9942160
TI  - X-ray-absorption studies of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9942162
TI  - X-ray-absorption near-edge-structure study of La2-x(Ba,Sr)xCuO4-y
      superconductors.

PMID- 9942161
TI  - Effect of magnetic impurities on high-temperature superconductivity in
      La1.85Sr0.15CuO4.

PMID- 9942163
TI  - Normal-state reflectivity and superconducting energy-gap measurement of La2
      xSrxCuO4.

PMID- 9942165
TI  - Pressure dependence of high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9942164
TI  - High-field measurements on the high-Tc superconductors La1.85Sr0.15CuO4- delta
      and YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9942166
TI  - Critical theory of quantum spin chains.

PMID- 9942167
TI  - Quasiparticle band structure of ferromagnetic EuS.

PMID- 9942168
TI  - Neutron diffraction study of PuSb: The critical regime.

PMID- 9942169
TI  - Polarization-analysis study of the atomic and spin-pair correlations in
      Ni0.76Mn0.24.

PMID- 9942171
TI  - Anisotropic growth rate of rough crystal faces.

PMID- 9942170
TI  - Magnetic behavior of the diluted magnetic semiconductor (Zn1-xMnx)3As2.

PMID- 9942173
TI  - Domain-wall interactions. II. High-order phases in the axial next-nearest
      neighbor Ising model.

PMID- 9942172
TI  - Crystal electric fields in heavy-electron metals: The specific heats of U2Zn17
      and CeCu6 to 70 K.

PMID- 9942174
TI  - Domain-wall interactions. III. High-order phases in the three-state chiral-clock
      model.

PMID- 9942176
TI  - Critical dynamics of random-field Ising systems with conserved order parameter.

PMID- 9942175
TI  - Gapless phasons and transverse sound-wave asymmetries in K2SeO

PMID- 9942178
TI  - Nuclear-spin-lattice relaxation and magnetization of the ferromagnetic S=(1/2
      chain system (C6H11NH3)CuBr3: Contribution of magnons and solitons.

PMID- 9942177
TI  - p-spin-interaction spin-glass models: Connections with the structural glass
      problem.

PMID- 9942179
TI  - Size and location of the largest current in a random resistor network.

PMID- 9942180
TI  - Long-range Coulomb interactions and the specific heat of the large-degeneracy
      version of the lattice Anderson model.

PMID- 9942181
TI  - Weak-localization effects in V1-xSix amorphous alloys with high Si content.

PMID- 9942182
TI  - Site-diagonal T-matrix expansion for anisotropic transport and percolation on
      bond-disordered lattices.

PMID- 9942183
TI  - Electronic structure, magnetic behavior, and stability of Ni-P.

PMID- 9942184
TI  - Reversed-spin excitations of the fractionally quantized Hall effect from finite
      size calculations.

PMID- 9942185
TI  - Improved cluster variation approximations by extension of local thermodynamic
      states.

PMID- 9942186
TI  - Long-range order in V2H near the beta - epsilon phase transition.

PMID- 9942188
TI  - Effects of quasiparticle screening on collective modes: Incommensurate charge
      density-wave systems.

PMID- 9942187
TI  - Observation of the highest ground-state magnetic moment of Ce in CeSi:
      Possibility of a quartet ground state.

PMID- 9942189
TI  - Ising spin system on the Fibonacci chain.

PMID- 9942191
TI  - Electronic structure and magnetic behavior of UMn2 and UFe2.

PMID- 9942190
TI  - New spin model for the biased self-avoiding walk.

PMID- 9942193
TI  - Surface effects on the melting transition.

PMID- 9942192
TI  - Variational approach to the thermodynamics of a quantum sine-Gordon field with
      out-of-plane fluctuations.

PMID- 9942194
TI  - Ground-state phases of polarized deuterium species.

PMID- 9942196
TI  - Surface magnons for ferromagnets with single-ion uniaxial anisotropy.

PMID- 9942195
TI  - Nonuniform magnetism and spin-glass properties of an Al-Mn-Si quasicrystal.

PMID- 9942197
TI  - Field-theoretic formulation of the Anderson transition in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9942198
TI  - Critical magnetization at antiphase boundaries of magnetic binary alloys.

PMID- 9942199
TI  - Ground state of the

PMID- 9942201
TI  - Acoustic C

PMID- 9942200
TI  - Chevrel-phase superconductor: Lattice-dynamical calculations.

PMID- 9942202
TI  - Superhyperfine structure of the H2- ion in MgO.

PMID- 9942204
TI  - Thermoelectric power of Y-Ba-Cu-O and Eu-Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9942203
TI  - Temperature dependence of the elastic modulus of polycrystalline BaPb1-xBixO3.

PMID- 9942205
TI  - Photoemission search for the superconducting energy gap of high-TcYBa

PMID- 9942206
TI  - Measurement of the energy gap of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9942207
TI  - Crystallographic phases and transport properties in the superconducting Tm-Ba-Cu
      O compound system.

PMID- 9942209
TI  - Two-particle-resonance pairing mechanism of oxide superconductivity.

PMID- 9942208
TI  - Raman detection of the superconducting gap in Ba-Y-Cu-O superconductors.

PMID- 9942210
TI  - Crystal structure of the high-Tc superconductor Ba2YCu

PMID- 9942211
TI  - Pressure dependence of the Tc of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9942213
TI  - Magnetic x-ray scattering measurements on MnF2.

PMID- 9942212
TI  - Tunneling systems in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9942214
TI  - Crossover effects in a spin-(1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg-Ising ring.

PMID- 9942215
TI  - Mills's model of a surface spin-flop transition.

PMID- 9942216
TI  - New phase diagram for the two-dimensional Coulomb gas.

PMID- 9942217
TI  - Universal conductance fluctuations as a probe of chaotic behavior in mesoscopic
      metallic spin glasses.

PMID- 9942218
TI  - Wetting on a spherical surface.

PMID- 9942219
TI  - Multifractal structure of the incipient infinite percolating cluster.

PMID- 9942220
TI  - Multifractal analysis of fluctuations for wave functions localized by disorder.

PMID- 9942221
TI  - Generalized effective-medium approximation for particle transport.

PMID- 9942222
TI  - Spin-fracton effects in dilute amorphous alloys.

PMID- 9942223
TI  - Accelerated dynamics in simulations of first-order phase transitions.

PMID- 9942225
TI  - Scatter-matrix approach to quantum transport.

PMID- 9942224
TI  - Raman studies on potassium-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate systems

PMID- 9942226
TI  - Observation of elastic scattering of positrons and electrons at glancing
      incidence.

PMID- 9942227
TI  - Weak localization and the conductivity of nondegenerate electrons.

PMID- 9942228
TI  - Strong-coupling calculation of the lower critical field in high-Tc
      superconductors.

PMID- 9942229
TI  - Domainlike defects observed in the high-temperature superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9942230
TI  - Observed trends in the x-ray photoelectron and Auger spectra of high-temperature
      superconductors.

PMID- 9942231
TI  - Electronic transport in highly-doped La2-xSrxCuO4 superconductors.

PMID- 9942232
TI  - Thermal transport properties of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9942233
TI  - Thermal properties of the high-Tc superconductors La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9942235
TI  - Nuclear quadrupole resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance of copper in the high
      Tc superconductor YBa2Cu

PMID- 9942234
TI  - Synchrotron-radiation photoemission study of the high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu

PMID- 9942236
TI  - Superconductivity in HxYBa

PMID- 9942237
TI  - Ultrasonic attenuation and pore microstructure in a liquid-4He-filled ceramic.

PMID- 9942238
TI  - Temperature dependence of La spin-lattice relaxation time in the high-Tc
      superconductor La1.85Sr

PMID- 9942239
TI  - Fermi-liquid scaling in the paramagnetic spectral response of the compounds CeSn3
      xInx.

PMID- 9942240
TI  - Stability analysis of special-point ordering in the basal plane of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9942241
TI  - Low-temperature structural phase transition in La2CuO

PMID- 9942242
TI  - Effect of nominal composition on the superconductivity in La2CuO4-y.

PMID- 9942243
TI  - Single-phase 60-K bulk superconductor in annealed Ba2YCu

PMID- 9942244
TI  - High-temperature order-disorder phase transition in the superconductor Y1Ba

PMID- 9942246
TI  - Structural and superconducting properties of orthorhombic and tetragonal YBa2Cu

PMID- 9942245
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance and nuclear quadrupole resonance study of copper in
      Ba2YCu

PMID- 9942248
TI  - Evolution of heavy-fermion behavior from mixed-valence state in the series Ce(Pt1
      xNix)Si.

PMID- 9942247
TI  - Far-infrared composite-medium study of sintered La2NiO

PMID- 9942250
TI  - Spin-glass transition in three-dimensional random-anisotropy-axis model.

PMID- 9942249
TI  - Magnetic excitations and phonon anomalies in URu2Si

PMID- 9942251
TI  - Calorimetric investigations of scaling behavior in aluminosilicate spin glasses.

PMID- 9942252
TI  - Internal diffusion noise of fractals.

PMID- 9942253
TI  - Submonolayers of paramagnetic NO2 adsorbed on argon and xenon films.

PMID- 9942254
TI  - Renormalization-group treatment of the long-ranged one-dimensional Ising model
      with random fields.

PMID- 9942255
TI  - Surface segregation at metalndashIII-V-compound-semiconductor interfaces.

PMID- 9942256
TI  - Universal features of hydrogen absorption in amorphous transition-metal alloys.

PMID- 9942257
TI  - Quantum transport for a many-body system using a quantum Langevin-equation
      approach.

PMID- 9942258
TI  - High-resolution photoemission study of the electronic structure of the noble
      metal (111) surfaces.

PMID- 9942260
TI  - Modified method of variational calculations of Wannier functions: The Wannier
      functions for d bands of Cu and paramagnetic Ni.

PMID- 9942259
TI  - Adsorbate effects on a mixed-valence compound: Carbon monoxide chemisorption on
      CeIr2.

PMID- 9942261
TI  - Two-dimensional Yb on a Mo(110) surface.

PMID- 9942263
TI  - Relativistic screened orbital radii.

PMID- 9942262
TI  - Vibrational properties of beta 1-H and beta 1-D on W(001): Electron-energy-loss
      measurements and lattice-dynamical calculations.

PMID- 9942264
TI  - Dynamics of dense lattices.

PMID- 9942265
TI  - Resistance of a one-dimensional quasicrystal: Power-law growth.

PMID- 9942267
TI  - Measurement of the grain-boundary states in semiconductors by deep-level
      transient spectroscopy.

PMID- 9942266
TI  - Hole subbands in strained GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wells: Exact solution of the
      effective-mass equation.

PMID- 9942268
TI  - Electronic and vibronic structure of the (GaAs)1(AlAs)1 superlattice.

PMID- 9942269
TI  - Physical nature of the InP near-surface defect acceptor and donor states.

PMID- 9942271
TI  - Screening of shallow impurities in germanium within the local-density
      approximation.

PMID- 9942270
TI  - Heterojunction band offsets and the interface dielectric function.

PMID- 9942272
TI  - Infrared absorption in Cd1-xMnxTe: Bound-magnetic-polaron effects on the
      photoionization of acceptors.

PMID- 9942273
TI  - Electron-induced extended-fine-structure measurements of thin-film growth and
      reaction.

PMID- 9942274
TI  - Elementary electronic excitations in a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9942276
TI  - Magnetoplasmons in thin films in the Voigt configuration.

PMID- 9942275
TI  - Scattering states and distribution functions for microstructures.

PMID- 9942278
TI  - Surface electronic structure of Si(111)7 x 7-Ge and Si(111)5 x 5-Ge studied with
      photoemission and inverse photoemission.

PMID- 9942277
TI  - Electronic structure of Pb1-xSnxTe semiconductor alloys.

PMID- 9942279
TI  - Temperature dependence of hyperfine coupling of the anion antisite in III-V
      compounds.

PMID- 9942280
TI  - Ionized-impurity scattering in the strong-screening limit.

PMID- 9942281
TI  - Electron-diffraction study of rubidium-intercalated graphite.

PMID- 9942283
TI  - Monte Carlo investigation of the electron-hole-interaction effects on the
      ultrafast relaxation of hot photoexcited carriers in GaAs.

PMID- 9942282
TI  - Inversion asymmetry in Hg1-xMnxSe.

PMID- 9942285
TI  - Triplet excitations in conjugated polymers.

PMID- 9942286
TI  - Phonon shifts and widths in dilute elemental semiconducting alloys.

PMID- 9942284
TI  - Theoretical analysis of plasmon, polar phonon, and hot-electron energy relaxation
      in nondegenerate semiconductors.

PMID- 9942288
TI  - Theoretical study of BN, BP, and BAs at high pressures.

PMID- 9942287
TI  - Resonant Raman scattering in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wells in an electric field.

PMID- 9942289
TI  - Propagating two-dimensional density fluctuations in the graphite intercalate
      C36Cs.

PMID- 9942290
TI  - Surface states and the exponential valence-band tail in a-Si:H.

PMID- 9942291
TI  - Tunneling microscopy of Ge(001).

PMID- 9942292
TI  - Free, quasifree, momentarily trapped, and self-trapped exciton states in
      molecular crystals.

PMID- 9942293
TI  - Excitons and biexcitons in semiconductor quantum wires.

PMID- 9942294
TI  - Bulk and surface electronic structure of hexagonal boron nitride.

PMID- 9942295
TI  - Interatomic Auger rates for the sodium fluoride crystal.

PMID- 9942296
TI  - Optical detection of a hydrogen complex responsible for the F phosphorescence in
      thermochemically reduced MgO crystals.

PMID- 9942298
TI  - Optical properties of GeO2.

PMID- 9942297
TI  - Analysis of the off-center effect of Cu+ in alkali halides using crystal-field
      theory.

PMID- 9942299
TI  - Tight-binding calculation of surface defects in SrTiO3.

PMID- 9942301
TI  - Trapping and oxidation of CO at surface step sites of MgO.

PMID- 9942300
TI  - Confined optical phonons in a GaAs single quantum well in a GaAs/AlxGa

PMID- 9942302
TI  - Interpolative solution for the Anderson model of an impurity.

PMID- 9942303
TI  - Enhancement of nonparabolicity effects in a quantum well.

PMID- 9942304
TI  - Stability and electronic structure of ultrathin-layer superlattices:
      (GaAs)n/(AlAs)n.

PMID- 9942306
TI  - Search for electric echoes in K0.3MoO

PMID- 9942305
TI  - Unoccupied surface-state band on Si(111) 2 x 1.

PMID- 9942307
TI  - Structure of the asymptotic exchange hole.

PMID- 9942308
TI  - Comment on the application of Kimball's formula for small values of rs.

PMID- 9942309
TI  - Reply to "Comment on the application of Kimball's formula for small values of rs"

PMID- 9942310
TI  - One-dimensional electron-phonon problem.

PMID- 9942311
TI  - Erratum: Piezoelectricity and flexoelectricity in crystalline dielectrics

PMID- 9942312
TI  - Spin-aligned momentum distributions of transition-metal ferromagnets studied with
      circularly polarized synchrotron radiation.

PMID- 9942313
TI  - Spin-dependent electron interactions in metals across the compressibility and
      spin-susceptibility anomalies.

PMID- 9942315
TI  - Lattice-dynamical analysis of the anomalous mode of W(001).

PMID- 9942314
TI  - Temperature-dependent surface morphology of Au/Cu(001).

PMID- 9942316
TI  - Scanning-tunneling microscopy at small tip-to-surface distances.

PMID- 9942318
TI  - Photoelectron paramagnetic resonance of Pt- in silicon.

PMID- 9942317
TI  - ESR linewidth behavior for barely metallic n-type silicon.

PMID- 9942320
TI  - Model for the energetics of Si and Ge (111) surfaces.

PMID- 9942319
TI  - Nonuniformity in void concentration between the initial and final growth stage of
      sputtered a-Ge films studied using spectroscopic ellipsometry.

PMID- 9942321
TI  - Cs and O adsorption on Si(100)2 x 1: A model system for promoted oxidation of
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9942322
TI  - Creation of near-interface defects in hydrogenated amorphous silicon-silicon
      nitride heterojunctions: The role of hydrogen.

PMID- 9942323
TI  - Indium-induced reconstructions of the Si(111) surface studied by scanning
      tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9942324
TI  - New path-integral solution for the density of states of two-dimensional electrons
      in high magnetic fields.

PMID- 9942325
TI  - Hydrogen passivation of shallow acceptors in c-Si: An ab initio approach.

PMID- 9942326
TI  - Room-temperature growth of two-dimensional gold films on GaAs(001).

PMID- 9942328
TI  - Investigation of paraexcitons in KI.

PMID- 9942327
TI  - Picosecond dynamics of band-edge photoexcitation in trans-polyacetylene.

PMID- 9942329
TI  - Diffusive traversal time: Effective area in magnetically induced interference.

PMID- 9942330
TI  - Long-wavelength limit of the optical response of a metal surface.

PMID- 9942331
TI  - Optical response of nonlinear multilayer structures: Bilayers and superlattices.

PMID- 9942332
TI  - Electronic excited-state transport with infrared divergence in disordered
      systems.

PMID- 9942333
TI  - Strain-induced surface segregation and ordering in pseudomorphic metal-alloy
      overlayers.

PMID- 9942334
TI  - Adsorption-induced surface core-level shifts of Pt(110).

PMID- 9942336
TI  - Functional-integral approach to the polaron mass.

PMID- 9942335
TI  - Hypernetted-chain approximation and quasiparticle energies in the (1/3 fractional
      quantized Hall effect.

PMID- 9942338
TI  - Surface plasmons in two-sided corrugated thin films.

PMID- 9942337
TI  - Theoretical computation of coherent scattering intensities, partial structure
      factors, and diffusion coefficients of magnesium-bismuth melt.

PMID- 9942339
TI  - Surface effects in metal microclusters.

PMID- 9942340
TI  - New realization of the Pippard condition: Inelastic electron-impurity scattering
      for crystalline alloys at very low temperatures.

PMID- 9942341
TI  - Energy-band structure of NbC studied with angle-resolved photoelectron
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9942342
TI  - Self-consistent calculations using canonical scaling in the linearized atomic
      cell orbital method: Energy bands of fcc Cu.

PMID- 9942343
TI  - Empty-lattice test of the linearized atomic-cell orbital method for energy bands.

PMID- 9942344
TI  - Perturbation-theoretic studies of the anomalous electronic structure and
      transport properties of quasicrystals.

PMID- 9942345
TI  - Treatment of lattice relaxations in dilute alloys within the Korringa-Kohn
      Rostoker Green's-function method.

PMID- 9942346
TI  - Photoemission study of the valence-band satellite of Ni(110).

PMID- 9942347
TI  - Chemisorption processes of transition metals Ti, Cr, and Fe on a Si(111) surface.

PMID- 9942348
TI  - Linear augmented Slater-type orbital study of Pt-5d-transition-metal alloying.

PMID- 9942349
TI  - Theory of second-harmonic generation by metal overlayers.

PMID- 9942350
TI  - Thermoelectric power of TiS2.

PMID- 9942352
TI  - Multiple-scattering effects in the K-edge x-ray-absorption near-edge structure of
      crystalline and amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9942351
TI  - Te and Cd nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of local structure and bonding in Cd1
      xZnxTe.

PMID- 9942353
TI  - New classical models for silicon structural energies.

PMID- 9942355
TI  - Effects of cation vacancies and diffusion on the surface states of Hg1-xCdxTe.

PMID- 9942354
TI  - High-field transport phenomenology: Hot-electron generation at semiconductor
      interfaces.

PMID- 9942356
TI  - Electron transport in a one-side-modulation-doped single-quantum-well structure:
      Remote-ion-scattering contribution.

PMID- 9942358
TI  - Effect of interplane coupling on the quantized Hall effect in multilayer
      structures.

PMID- 9942357
TI  - Doping and annealing effects on persistent photoconductivity in doping-modulated
      amorphous-silicon superlattices.

PMID- 9942359
TI  - Trends in self-energy operators and their corresponding exchange-correlation
      potentials.

PMID- 9942360
TI  - Critical plasmons of a Fibonacci semiconductor superlattice: Spectrum and optical
      properties.

PMID- 9942361
TI  - Persistent photocurrent decay mechanisms by capture of photoelectrons in GaAs
      AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures.

PMID- 9942362
TI  - Ab initio linear combination of pseudo-atomic-orbital scheme for the electronic
      properties of semiconductors: Results for ten materials.

PMID- 9942363
TI  - Ion-channeling determination of the atomic-site location of antimony at the (111)
      silicon-silicon dioxide interface.

PMID- 9942365
TI  - Surface shifts in the In 4d and P 2p core-level spectra of InP(110).

PMID- 9942364
TI  - Vibrational spectrum of amorphous silicon: Experiment and computer simulation.

PMID- 9942366
TI  - Inclusion of collision broadening in semiconductor electron-transport
      simulations.

PMID- 9942368
TI  - Angle-resolved inverse photoelectron spectroscopy studies of CdTe(110), CdS(112
      bar0), and CdSe(112-bar0).

PMID- 9942367
TI  - Phonon scattering at silicon crystal surfaces.

PMID- 9942369
TI  - Axial approximation in the calculation of the valence bands in semiconductor
      superlattices.

PMID- 9942371
TI  - Phase diagram and local correlations in pseudobinary alloys.

PMID- 9942370
TI  - Differential spectroscopy of GaAs-Ga1-xA

PMID- 9942373
TI  - Magnetoplasmons in tunneling semiconductor superlattices.

PMID- 9942372
TI  - Electronic structure of superlattices and quantum wells under uniaxial stress.

PMID- 9942374
TI  - Quantum kinetic equation for electronic transport in nondegenerate
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9942375
TI  - Energy shift and line broadening of three-dimensional excitons in electric
      fields.

PMID- 9942376
TI  - Influence of doping on the etching of Si(111).

PMID- 9942377
TI  - Temperature-dependent interface evolution for Ti/GaAs(100) and Cr/GaAs(100).

PMID- 9942378
TI  - Theory of the structural phase transition of GeTe.

PMID- 9942379
TI  - Equation-of-motion method for the study of defects in insulators: Application to
      a simple model of TiO2.

PMID- 9942380
TI  - Thermally stimulated luminescence and its related thermally stimulated currents
      in quartz.

PMID- 9942381
TI  - Inelastic electron-tunneling studies of the effect of hydrogen on the growth of
      MgO.

PMID- 9942382
TI  - Diffusivity and neutron scattering study of the Li-defect conversion in MgF2.

PMID- 9942383
TI  - Inelastic phonon scattering in LaF3 by resonant Raman processes.

PMID- 9942384
TI  - Determination of structural instabilities of atomic lattices by means of a Monte
      Carlo simulation.

PMID- 9942385
TI  - Electron correlations in semiconductor heterostructures.

PMID- 9942386
TI  - Co/Si(111) interface formation at room temperature.

PMID- 9942388
TI  - Ground-state splitting of the 78-meV double acceptor in GaAs.

PMID- 9942387
TI  - Effects of dihedral-angle disorder on the density of states of a-Si and a-Ge.

PMID- 9942389
TI  - Electronic structure of FexO.

PMID- 9942391
TI  - Anderson transition in the presence of the spin-orbit interaction: A crossover
      calculation.

PMID- 9942390
TI  - Observation of a dynamical propensity rule in rotationally inelastic gas-surface
      scattering: NH3 on Au(111).

PMID- 9942393
TI  - Optical response of an embedded atom: Resonant photoemission from uranium.

PMID- 9942392
TI  - Melting and nonmelting behavior of the Au(111) surface.

PMID- 9942394
TI  - Complete excitation spectrum for a charge-density-wave system.

PMID- 9942395
TI  - General relation between band-gap renormalization and carrier density in two
      dimensional electron-hole plasmas.

PMID- 9942396
TI  - Spectroscopy and four-wave mixing in Lisub4Ge

PMID- 9942397
TI  - Analysis of electron-energy-loss spectrum of Na on solid Cu: Cluster-model
      approach.

PMID- 9942399
TI  - Depression of the superconducting transition temperature by magnetic impurities:
      Effect of Kondo resonance in the f density of states.

PMID- 9942398
TI  - Positron-trapping mechanism at dislocations in Zn.

PMID- 9942400
TI  - Driven, dissipative superfluids: Radial counterflow of rotating 4He.

PMID- 9942401
TI  - Resonant scattering and Anderson localization of acoustic waves.

PMID- 9942402
TI  - Singular gradient free energy of superfluid 3He-A at T=0.

PMID- 9942404
TI  - Static and dynamic magnetic properties of 3He confined by fluorocarbon
      microspheres.

PMID- 9942405
TI  - Compression of spin-polarized hydrogen bubbles to thermal explosion.

PMID- 9942403
TI  - Experiments with supercooled liquid hydrogen.

PMID- 9942406
TI  - Current-voltage characteristics in collective pinning.

PMID- 9942407
TI  - Nuclear specific heat of bcc 3He near the magnetic ordering transitions.

PMID- 9942408
TI  - Satellite magnetic resonances of a bound pair of half-quantum vortices in
      rotating superfluid 3He-A.

PMID- 9942409
TI  - Resonance Raman investigations of the symmetric stretching mode of I3 - anions in
      alpha and beta phases of di-bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene tri-iodide.

PMID- 9942410
TI  - Tunneling and activated motion of a string across a potential barrier.

PMID- 9942411
TI  - Electronic structure of oxygen-deficient high-Tc superconductors: YBa2Cu

PMID- 9942412
TI  - Specific heat of GdBa2Cu3O7- delta in the normal and superconducting states.

PMID- 9942413
TI  - Nonlinear internal dynamics of the double-sine-Gordon soliton.

PMID- 9942414
TI  - Lattice-gas melting of two-dimensional alloys: Application to ternary graphite
      intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9942415
TI  - Model calculations of phase diagrams of magnetic alloys on the body-centered
      cubic lattice.

PMID- 9942417
TI  - Susceptibility and correlation functions in amorphous magnets.

PMID- 9942416
TI  - Magnetoquantum oscillations, magnetic breakdown, and Fermi-surface modifications
      in NbSe3.

PMID- 9942419
TI  - Simulated growth of wetting layers.

PMID- 9942418
TI  - Origin and orientation of the electric field gradient in ordered FeNi.

PMID- 9942420
TI  - Two-dimensional structural phase transitions in the stage-1 OsF6-graphite
      intercalated compound.

PMID- 9942421
TI  - Specific heat and collapse transition of branched polymers.

PMID- 9942422
TI  - Spin dynamics of YH2 and YD2.

PMID- 9942424
TI  - X-ray study of the modulation-wave structure in thiourea.

PMID- 9942423
TI  - Polariton and effective-medium theory of magnetic superlattices.

PMID- 9942425
TI  - Magnetic behavior of the diluted magnetic semiconductor Zn1-xMnxSe.

PMID- 9942427
TI  - Role of activated processes and boundary conditions in the domain growth of the
      Potts model.

PMID- 9942426
TI  - Magnons and fractons in the diluted antiferromagnet MnxZn

PMID- 9942429
TI  - Ordering in quasi-two-dimensional planar ferromagnets: A neutron scattering study
      of graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9942428
TI  - Tiling model for glass formation with incremental domain-size kinetics.

PMID- 9942430
TI  - Thermomagnetic transport coefficients: Solitons in an easy-plane magnetic chain.

PMID- 9942432
TI  - Wetting in fcc Ising antiferromagnets and binary alloys.

PMID- 9942431
TI  - Ferromagnetic resonance method for determining the magnetic surface anisotropy of
      amorphous films.

PMID- 9942433
TI  - Alternative transfer-matrix approach to two-dimensional systems with competing
      interactions in one direction.

PMID- 9942434
TI  - Conformational disorder in the premelting phases of linear polymer layers.

PMID- 9942435
TI  - Trapping of nonthermal positrons in metals.

PMID- 9942437
TI  - Role of anharmonicity in the high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9942436
TI  - Electronic structure and properties of quasi-two-dimensional layered
      superconducting perovskites: La2-xMxCuO4 (M=Ba, Sr,.).

PMID- 9942438
TI  - Oxygen-vacancy ordering in the Ba2YCu

PMID- 9942440
TI  - Reexamination of the Y2O3-BaO-CuO phase diagram for solid solutions near
      Y1Ba2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9942439
TI  - Investigation of the energy gap of Y-Ba-Cu-O by point-contact Josephson-junction
      techniques.

PMID- 9942441
TI  - Possible Josephson oscillations spectra and electron paramagnetic resonance of
      Cu2+ in Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9942443
TI  - Effects of oxygen deficiency on the infrared spectra in YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9942442
TI  - Low-dimensional magnetism in the high-Tc superconductor LBa

PMID- 9942444
TI  - Phonon density of states of the YBa2Cu

PMID- 9942445
TI  - Polarization-induced pairing in high-temperature superconductivity.

PMID- 9942446
TI  - Specific heat near TN in (Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, and Dy)Ba2Cu3O7: Evidence for spin
      exchange-driven ordering.

PMID- 9942447
TI  - Observation of carboxylic groups in the lattice of sintered Ba2YCu3O7-y high-Tc
      superconductors.

PMID- 9942449
TI  - Magnetoresistive effects in the upper critical fields of heavy-fermion
      superconductors.

PMID- 9942448
TI  - Enhanced critical magnetization currents due to fast neutron irradiation in
      single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9942450
TI  - New method for measuring induced magnetic anisotropy: Application to kinetic
      studies.

PMID- 9942452
TI  - Critical behavior of the N-component Ashkin-Teller model with bond impurities.

PMID- 9942451
TI  - Asymmetric Baxter phase in the symmetric Ashkin-Teller model.

PMID- 9942453
TI  - Effect of an applied electric field upon one-dimensional localization.

PMID- 9942454
TI  - Electronic properties of a one-dimensional hierarchical system.

PMID- 9942455
TI  - Chiral order in a two-dimensional XY spin glass.

PMID- 9942456
TI  - Evidence of memory effects in a commensurate ferroelectric phase.

PMID- 9942457
TI  - Erratum: d-orbital theory and high-pressure effects upon the EPR spectrum of ruby

PMID- 9942459
TI  - Erratum: Longitudinal spin susceptibility and spin dynamics o field-induced spin
      density waves in Bechgaard salts

PMID- 9942458
TI  - Erratum: Classification of octahedral tilting phases in the perovskitelike A2BX4
      structure

PMID- 9942461
TI  - Valence-bond approach to two-dimensional broken symmetries: Application to
      La2CuO4.

PMID- 9942460
TI  - Fluxoid quantization in the resonating-valence-bond model.

PMID- 9942463
TI  - Structural basis for enhanced Tc in YBa2Cu3OyFx.

PMID- 9942462
TI  - Low-temperature neutron irradiation effects on superconducting Y-Ba-Cu oxides.

PMID- 9942464
TI  - Electrical properties of high-Tc superconducting single-crystal Eu1Ba2Cu3Oy.

PMID- 9942466
TI  - Energy gap and critical temperature in a resonating-valence-bond theory of high
      Tc superconductivity.

PMID- 9942465
TI  - Theoretical calculation of optical properties of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors.

PMID- 9942467
TI  - Current transport in high-Tc polycrystalline films of Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9942468
TI  - Superconductivity in La-deficient and stoichiometric La2CuO

PMID- 9942470
TI  - Variation of superconductivity with carrier concentration in oxygen-doped
      YBa2Cu3O7-y.

PMID- 9942469
TI  - Raman study of La2CuO4: Possibility of local symmetry breaking.

PMID- 9942471
TI  - Indication of high local fields in the YBa2Cu2.9375Be0.0625O delta superconductor
      by Mossbauer spectroscopy.

PMID- 9942472
TI  - Susceptibility, crystal-structure, and Mossbauer study of the high-temperature
      superconductor YBa2Cu3O7- delta doped with iron.

PMID- 9942474
TI  - Nature of the pairing in a resonating-valence-bond superconductor.

PMID- 9942473
TI  - Antiferromagnetic order in DyBa2Cu

PMID- 9942475
TI  - Low-field microwave absorption in the superconducting copper oxides.

PMID- 9942477
TI  - Electronic properties of oxygen vacancies in La2CuO4-y.

PMID- 9942476
TI  - Current persistence and magnetic shielding properties of Y1Ba2Cu3Ox tubes.

PMID- 9942478
TI  - Direct evidence of the importance of electron-phonon coupling in La2CuO

PMID- 9942479
TI  - Observation of the thermal diffuse scattering in La2-xMxCuO4 (M=Sr,Ba).

PMID- 9942480
TI  - Normal-state resistivity of the high-Tc compound Y1Ba2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9942481
TI  - Effect of oxygen desorption on electrical transport in YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9942482
TI  - Electron paramagnetic resonance of Gd3+ ions in the superconductor GdBa2Cu3Ox.

PMID- 9942483
TI  - Resistive transition and magnetic field response of a Penrose-tile array of
      weakly coupled superconductor islands.

PMID- 9942484
TI  - Suppression of superconductivity by antiferromagnetism in Tm2Fe

PMID- 9942486
TI  - Particle-size effect on the conductivity of dispersed ionic conductors.

PMID- 9942485
TI  - Observation of Al2O3:Cr3+ magnetic resonance via solitons in long Josephson
      junctions.

PMID- 9942487
TI  - Critical behavior of the Hall conductivity near the percolation threshold in
      granular Sn:Ar mixtures.

PMID- 9942488
TI  - Neutron scattering study of magnetic excitations in intercalated CoCl2.

PMID- 9942489
TI  - Critical-point dewetting.

PMID- 9942490
TI  - Sine-wave-to-helimagnetic transition in phosphorus-rich Eu(As1-xPx

PMID- 9942491
TI  - Two-dimensional ferromagnetic correlations in CoCl2-intercalated graphite.

PMID- 9942492
TI  - Continued exploration of the wetting phase diagram.

PMID- 9942493
TI  - Commensurate-incommensurate and rotational transitions of monolayer xenon on
      single-crystal graphite.

PMID- 9942494
TI  - Dynamics of fluctuations in the ordered phase of kinetic Ising models.

PMID- 9942495
TI  - Equilibrium properties of hcp titanium and zirconium.

PMID- 9942496
TI  - Electronic structure of a two-dimensional Penrose lattice: Single- and two
      component systems.

PMID- 9942498
TI  - Existence of Wannier-Stark localization.

PMID- 9942497
TI  - Comparison of the icosahedral and alpha structures of Al-Mn-Si with the use of
      soft-x-ray emission spectroscopy.

PMID- 9942499
TI  - Electronic properties of Nb and H-treated Nb surfaces.

PMID- 9942501
TI  - NiAl(110) surface: First-principles determination of the rippled relaxation.

PMID- 9942500
TI  - Estimate of repulsive interatomic pair potentials by low-energy alkali-metal-ion
      scattering and computer simulation.

PMID- 9942503
TI  - Model studies of the chemisorption of hydrogen and oxygen on Cu(100).

PMID- 9942502
TI  - Dynamical screening at simple-metal surfaces.

PMID- 9942504
TI  - Estimation of electron-electron interaction strengths for the rare-earth metals
      from X alpha calculations.

PMID- 9942505
TI  - Transport coefficients close to the mobility edge and nonlinear sigma -model
      composite operators.

PMID- 9942506
TI  - Anomalous high-temperature hopping in metal hydrides.

PMID- 9942508
TI  - Correlation effects on the L3VV Auger line shape of Cd1-xMnxTe.

PMID- 9942507
TI  - Auger-electron-spectroscopy analysis of a plasmon loss in palladium silicide
      formed from Pd deposits on silicon.

PMID- 9942509
TI  - Polarity in semiconductor compounds.

PMID- 9942510
TI  - Generation of amorphous-silicon structures with use of molecular-dynamics
      simulations.

PMID- 9942511
TI  - Generalized master equations and phonon-assisted hopping.

PMID- 9942512
TI  - Phonon-limited mobility in a quasi-one-dimensional semiconductor.

PMID- 9942513
TI  - Polaronic band tails in disordered solids: Combined effects of static randomness
      and electron-phonon interactions.

PMID- 9942515
TI  - Infrared photoexcitation and doping studies of poly(3-methylthienylene).

PMID- 9942514
TI  - Resonant Raman scattering by plasmons and LO phonons near the E1 and E1+ Delta 1
      gaps of GaSb.

PMID- 9942516
TI  - Ellipsometric studies of the dielectric function of SnSe and a simple model of
      the electronic structure and the bonds of the orthorhombic IV-VI compounds.

PMID- 9942517
TI  - Primary-energy dependence of the momentum transfer in reflection inner-shell
      electron energy-loss spectra of layered transition-metal dichalcogenides.

PMID- 9942518
TI  - Surface-phonon dispersion curves of TiC(100).

PMID- 9942519
TI  - Coupled plasmon-LO-phonon modes in GaxIn

PMID- 9942520
TI  - Domain structure in epitaxial metastable zinc-blende (GaAs)1-x(Ge2)x(001) alloys.

PMID- 9942521
TI  - Picosecond dynamics of photogenerated charged solitons in trans-polyacetylene.

PMID- 9942522
TI  - Localized phonons associated with solitons in polyacetylene: Coupling to the
      nonuniform mode.

PMID- 9942523
TI  - Theory of interstitial transition atoms in GaAs.

PMID- 9942524
TI  - Hopping conductivity in lightly doped semiconductors. I. Two dimensions.

PMID- 9942525
TI  - Hopping conductivity in lightly doped semiconductors. II. Three dimensions.

PMID- 9942526
TI  - Collective excitation spectrum of the nu =(2/5 fractionally quantized Hall state.

PMID- 9942527
TI  - Transient photoconductivity in amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9942528
TI  - Indication of universal behavior of Hall conductivity near the metal-insulator
      transition in disordered systems.

PMID- 9942529
TI  - Model adsorption potentials of rare gases on boron nitride.

PMID- 9942530
TI  - Possible role of charged defects in molecular solids.

PMID- 9942531
TI  - Nontransferable van der Waals potentials: Insulators at high pressure.

PMID- 9942532
TI  - Electron-diffraction study of SbCl5-intercalated graphite.

PMID- 9942533
TI  - Spectroscopic studies of impurity-host interactions in dye-doped polymers:
      Hydrostatic-pressure effects versus temperature effects.

PMID- 9942534
TI  - Elastic behavior under hydrostatic pressure and acoustic-mode vibrational
      anharmonicity of single-crystal berlinite.

PMID- 9942535
TI  - Thermal conductivity and specific heat of glasses.

PMID- 9942536
TI  - "Clustering modes" in the vibrational spectra of Hg1-xCdxTe alloys.

PMID- 9942537
TI  - Temperature dependence of the resistivity in polymer-conducting-carbon-black
      composites.

PMID- 9942538
TI  - Plasma modes of a two-dimensional electron gas with a two-dimensional modulation
      of the charge density.

PMID- 9942539
TI  - Evidence for LO-phonon-emission-assisted tunneling in double-barrier
      heterostructures.

PMID- 9942541
TI  - Photoemission study of Cd1-xMnxF2 with fluorite (x <= 0.1) and rutile (x >=
      0.925) structures.

PMID- 9942540
TI  - Exchange and correlation effects on screening in a two-dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9942542
TI  - Raman spectroscopy study of Al0.48In

PMID- 9942543
TI  - Binding energies of hydrogenic impurities in parabolic quantum wells.

PMID- 9942544
TI  - Anomalous displacement of excitons in a quantum well.

PMID- 9942545
TI  - Au/InSb(110) interface profiles from synchrotron-radiation and polar-angle
      dependent x-ray photoemission.

PMID- 9942547
TI  - High-pressure studies of NaH to 54 GPa.

PMID- 9942546
TI  - Chemical and electronic properties of Ga on the InP(100) surface.

PMID- 9942549
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Identification of a defect in a semiconductor: EL2 in GaAs'
      "

PMID- 9942548
TI  - Comment on "Identification of a defect in a semiconductor: EL2 in GaAs"

PMID- 9942550
TI  - Erratum: Estimates of the heats of adsorption for Pt and Pd monolayers on Ta(110)

PMID- 9942552
TI  - Validity of the static approximation in the functional-integral approach to mixed
      valence systems.

PMID- 9942551
TI  - Depth profiling of elastic strains in lattice-mismatched semiconductor
      heterostructures and strained-layer superlattices.

PMID- 9942553
TI  - Thermodynamic properties and phase diagram of icosahedral AlxLi

PMID- 9942554
TI  - Tunneling systems and disorder in quasicrystals.

PMID- 9942556
TI  - Theory of the phonons and plasmons in mercury chain compounds.

PMID- 9942555
TI  - Structural determination of an adsorbate-induced surface reconstruction: p4g(2 x
      2)N versus c(2 x 2)O on Ni(100).

PMID- 9942557
TI  - Characterization of the hybridized 4f states in YbAl3 by high-energy
      spectroscopies.

PMID- 9942558
TI  - Inelastic phase-coherence time in thin metal films.

PMID- 9942559
TI  - Dimensionality of electron-electron scattering and interaction effects in thin
      wires and films.

PMID- 9942560
TI  - Evidence for the existence of the inherent periodicity in the switched state at
      low temperatures in K0.3MoO

PMID- 9942561
TI  - Structural model of Si(100)-c(4 x 4).

PMID- 9942562
TI  - Arsenic atom location on passivated silicon (111) surfaces.

PMID- 9942563
TI  - Structure of oxygen adsorbed on the GaAs(110) surface studied using scanning
      tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9942564
TI  - Frohlich interaction in two-dimensional GaAs/AlxGa

PMID- 9942566
TI  - Two-strain mechanism of pressure-induced body-centered-tetragonal to hexagonal
      close-packed transition in Hg and HgxCd

PMID- 9942565
TI  - Photoresponse of the FR3 electron-spin-resonance signal in GaAs.

PMID- 9942567
TI  - Model-potential-based simulation of Si(100) surface reconstruction.

PMID- 9942569
TI  - Photoinduced changes of ac transport in amorphous As2S

PMID- 9942568
TI  - Magnetic field dependence of persistent cyclotron-resonance half-width in pure n
      type CdTe.

PMID- 9942570
TI  - New method to study band offsets applied to strained Si/Si1-xGex(100)
      heterojunction interfaces.

PMID- 9942571
TI  - Field-dependent electrical conductivity in disordered Ge1-xAux alloys.

PMID- 9942572
TI  - Dephasing time and one-dimensional localization of two-dimensional electrons in
      GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures.

PMID- 9942574
TI  - Bulk and surface diffusion of heavy particles in metals: A path-integral
      approach.

PMID- 9942573
TI  - Direct evidence for efficient energy transfer from N-related defects to PGa
      antisite complexes in GaP from optically detected magnetic resonance.

PMID- 9942575
TI  - Electron and positron energy levels in solids.

PMID- 9942576
TI  - Optical properties of molecular conductors: One-dimensional systems with twofold
      commensurate charge-density waves.

PMID- 9942577
TI  - Electromagnetic generation of gigahertz sound in ferromagnetic metals.

PMID- 9942578
TI  - Thermodynamic properties of tungsten.

PMID- 9942579
TI  - Propagation of surface acoustic waves across random gratings.

PMID- 9942580
TI  - Simple model for pyroelectric luminescence.

PMID- 9942582
TI  - Susceptibility of the two-dimensional electron gas: Diamagnetic spikes and gaps
      in the density of states.

PMID- 9942581
TI  - Spin-resolved inverse-photoemission study of Ni(001) and its chemisorption.

PMID- 9942583
TI  - Effects of the phonon structure on the elastic scattering probabilities of light
      particles from surfaces.

PMID- 9942584
TI  - Low-temperature electrical resistance and magnetoresistance of disordered Cu 72Y

PMID- 9942586
TI  - Determination of molecular orientations on surfaces from the angular dependence
      of near-edge x-ray-absorption fine-structure spectra.

PMID- 9942585
TI  - Enhanced specific-heat-capacity (cp) measurements (150-300 K) of nanometer-sized
      crystalline materials.

PMID- 9942587
TI  - Effect of correlation on conductivity and relaxation time.

PMID- 9942588
TI  - Activation energies and localization in the fractional quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9942590
TI  - Conductivity and quenched-in defects in hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9942589
TI  - Magneto-optical evidence of the exchange interaction in a Hg1-xMnxTe-CdTe
      superlattice.

PMID- 9942591
TI  - Optical dephasing and migration of bound excitons in GaP:N.

PMID- 9942593
TI  - Long-lived excitons in InAs quantum wells under uniaxial stress.

PMID- 9942592
TI  - Electronic properties of a (Cu-Li)-related neutral complex defect with a bound
      exciton at 2.25 eV in GaP.

PMID- 9942595
TI  - Transmission coefficient of an electron through a saddle-point potential in a
      magnetic field.

PMID- 9942594
TI  - Bipolarons in poly(3-methylthiophene): Spectroscopic, magnetic, and
      electrochemical measurements.

PMID- 9942596
TI  - Properties of a magnetopolaron at the interface of polar-polar crystals.

PMID- 9942597
TI  - Magnetopolaron in a semiconductor quantum well.

PMID- 9942598
TI  - Electronic properties of metastable GexSn

PMID- 9942599
TI  - Trigonal hydrogen-related acceptor complexes in germanium.

PMID- 9942600
TI  - Conductance fluctuations near the localized-to-extended transition in narrow Si
      metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors.

PMID- 9942601
TI  - Raman study of the effects of annealing on folded LA and confined LO phonons in
      GaAs-AlAs superlattices.

PMID- 9942602
TI  - Solid-phase epitaxy of amorphous silicon induced by electron irradiation at room
      temperature.

PMID- 9942603
TI  - Atomic oxygen in silicon: The formation of the Si-O-Si bond.

PMID- 9942604
TI  - Process-induced and gold acceptor defects in silicon.

PMID- 9942606
TI  - Adatom electronic structure of the Si(111)7 x 7 surface.

PMID- 9942605
TI  - Exciton binding energies from an envelope-function analysis of data on narrow
      quantum wells of integral monolayer widths in Al0.4Ga

PMID- 9942607
TI  - Bulk and surface electronic bands of InP(110) determined by angle-resolved
      photoemission.

PMID- 9942608
TI  - Theory of the carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon interactions under double
      injection into undoped quantum wells and its application to a laser problem.

PMID- 9942610
TI  - Effect of valence-band hybridization on the exciton spectra in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs
      quantum wells.

PMID- 9942609
TI  - Hot-electron transport in silver halides in crossed electric and magnetic fields
      at 4.2 K.

PMID- 9942611
TI  - Coordination-number-induced morphological structural transition in a network
      glass.

PMID- 9942612
TI  - Energy transfer between europium and manganese close pairs in monocrystalline
      sodium bromide.

PMID- 9942613
TI  - X-ray-absorption spectroscopy studies of glassy As2S

PMID- 9942614
TI  - Skeleton-side-group interaction in organopolysilane.

PMID- 9942615
TI  - Properties of FeCl3-intercalated graphite film prepared by heat treatment of
      poly(p-phenylene vinylene) film.

PMID- 9942617
TI  - Helicon-wave damping in a periodic structure.

PMID- 9942616
TI  - Electrical conductivity and optical reflectance of potassium-intercalated
      graphitized poly(p-phenylene vinylene) films.

PMID- 9942618
TI  - Dynamical effects on phonon emission in a polar electron gas.

PMID- 9942619
TI  - Band structure and interband optical transitions in the sawtooth superlattice.

PMID- 9942620
TI  - Equivalence of Lei and Ting balance equations for nonlinear electronic transport
      and a Boltzmann approach.

PMID- 9942621
TI  - Balance-equation approach to high-field electronic transport: A linear-response
      theory in the scattering interactions.

PMID- 9942622
TI  - Large valence-band offset in strained-layer InxGa

PMID- 9942623
TI  - Coupling of vibrational modes of adsorbates: Application to field-induced shifts
      for CO and CN on Cu(100).

PMID- 9942624
TI  - Resistance of a one-atom contact in the scanning tunneling microscope.

PMID- 9942625
TI  - Cyclotron resonance in AlxGa

PMID- 9942626
TI  - Transient behavior of scattering, hot luminescence, and ordinary luminescence in
      a localized-electron-phonon system.

PMID- 9942628
TI  - Collective modes of a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas in a cylindrical quantum
      well.

PMID- 9942627
TI  - Far-infrared magnetoabsorption study of weakly bound electrons in GaAs/AlxGa

PMID- 9942630
TI  - NMR study of Fe hyperfine field assignments in Nd15Fe

PMID- 9942629
TI  - Quantum electron glass.

PMID- 9942631
TI  - Noble-gas bubbles in metals: Molecular-dynamics simulations and positron states.

PMID- 9942632
TI  - 4f multiplets in bremsstrahlung-isochromat spectroscopy as a probe for local
      electron density in Ce compounds.

PMID- 9942633
TI  - Synthesis of metastable phases via pulsed-laser-induced reactive quenching at
      liquid-solid interfaces.

PMID- 9942634
TI  - Excited-state photoionization of Ce3+ ions in Ce3+:CaF2.

PMID- 9942635
TI  - Influence of rare gases on cavity formation at indium impurities in copper.

PMID- 9942636
TI  - Temperature-dependent rare-earth impurity-site symmetries in CaF2.

PMID- 9942638
TI  - 23Na quadrupolar relaxation study of disorder effects in KTaO3:Na.

PMID- 9942637
TI  - Dynamical properties of LiI

PMID- 9942639
TI  - Electronic correlations in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9942641
TI  - Adsorption and desorption studies of 4He on Nuclepore by capacitance techniques.

PMID- 9942642
TI  - Antiferromagnetic order and high-temperature superconductivity.

PMID- 9942640
TI  - Structure of YBa2Cu3O7- delta versus temperature by x-ray-absorption
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9942643
TI  - Microwave observation of magnetic field penetration of high-Tc superconducting
      oxides.

PMID- 9942644
TI  - Phonon characterization of YBa2(Cu1-xAlx)3O7- delta by Raman spectroscopy.

PMID- 9942645
TI  - Raman scattering in MBa

PMID- 9942646
TI  - Raman spectroscopy and normal-mode assignments for Ba2MCu3Ox (M = Gd,Y) single
      crystals.

PMID- 9942647
TI  - High-magnetic-field study of superconducting YBa2Cu

PMID- 9942648
TI  - Chaotic behavior in an array of coupled Josephson weak links.

PMID- 9942650
TI  - Path-integral computation of superfluid densities.

PMID- 9942651
TI  - Upper critical field of superconducting anisotropic polycrystals.

PMID- 9942649
TI  - Superconducting-normal phase boundary of quasicrystalline arrays in a magnetic
      field.

PMID- 9942653
TI  - Aluminum substitution in Ba2YCu3O7.

PMID- 9942652
TI  - Functional derivatives of Hc2 including Pauli paramagnetism.

PMID- 9942654
TI  - Surface properties of liquid 3He

PMID- 9942656
TI  - 3d-metal doping of the high-temperature superconducting perovskites La-Sr-Cu-O
      and Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9942655
TI  - Dynamics of quantum liquids at high momentum.

PMID- 9942657
TI  - Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure study of La2-xSrxCuO4-y superconductors.

PMID- 9942658
TI  - Experimental study of the effect of a supercurrent on high-resistance
      superconductor-insulator- normal-metal tunnel junctions.

PMID- 9942660
TI  - Noise simulations of an Ising model of glassy kinetics.

PMID- 9942659
TI  - Anderson Hamiltonian description of the experimental electronic structure and
      magnetic interactions of copper oxide superconductors.

PMID- 9942661
TI  - Growth and equilibration in the two-dimensional random-field Ising model.

PMID- 9942662
TI  - Melting and freezing of Lennard-Jones clusters on a surface.

PMID- 9942663
TI  - Percolation of order in frustrated systems: The dilute

PMID- 9942664
TI  - Magnetic susceptibilities of the random-site diluted XY antiferromagnet

PMID- 9942665
TI  - Spin correlations in Au0.85Fe

PMID- 9942667
TI  - Site-bond-correlated D-vector model on the Bethe lattice.

PMID- 9942666
TI  - Free energy and the relative stability of the phases of solid tetracyanoethylene
      with pressure and temperature.

PMID- 9942668
TI  - Mean-field theory of the proton glass.

PMID- 9942670
TI  - Lattice sums for dipolar systems.

PMID- 9942669
TI  - Long-wavelength spin-wave energies and linewidths of the amorphous Invar alloy
      Fe100-xBx.

PMID- 9942671
TI  - Random-strain fields in (KCl)1-x (KCN)x.

PMID- 9942672
TI  - Neutron scattering measurements of spin fluctuations in the heavy-fermion system
      UPt3.

PMID- 9942673
TI  - Comparative studies of electronic and magnetic structures in Y2Fe

PMID- 9942674
TI  - Pressure-induced structural transitions and valence change in TlReO4: A high
      pressure Raman study.

PMID- 9942675
TI  - Stable and metastable states in mean-field Potts and structural glasses.

PMID- 9942677
TI  - Magnetic properties of UBr3.

PMID- 9942676
TI  - Metamagnetic behavior of fcc iron.

PMID- 9942678
TI  - Ferromagnetic resonance in magnetic multilayer structures.

PMID- 9942679
TI  - Conformal anomaly and critical exponents of Heisenberg spin models with half
      integer spin.

PMID- 9942680
TI  - Magneto-optical properties of the competing-anisotropy model system Fe1-xCoxCl2.
      I. Linear birefringence and refractive index.

PMID- 9942681
TI  - Renormalization-group study of high-spin Heisenberg antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9942682
TI  - Random-field smearing of the proton-glass transition.

PMID- 9942684
TI  - Magnetism in Au82.5Fe17.5.

PMID- 9942683
TI  - Rare-earth contribution to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy in R2Fe14B.

PMID- 9942685
TI  - Gross magnetic resonance in small ferromagnetic particles.

PMID- 9942686
TI  - Hybrid molecular-dynamics algorithm for the numerical simulation of many-electron
      systems.

PMID- 9942687
TI  - Competing bilinear and biquadratic exchange couplings in spin-1 Heisenberg
      chains.

PMID- 9942689
TI  - Distribution of fracture strengths in disordered continua.

PMID- 9942688
TI  - Localization in quantum percolation: Transfer-matrix calculations in three
      dimensions.

PMID- 9942690
TI  - Low-temperature properties of rare-earth and actinide iron phosphide compounds
      MFe4P12 (M = La, Pr, Nd, and Th).

PMID- 9942691
TI  - Pressure-dependent magnetism and electrical resistivity of UFe4P

PMID- 9942693
TI  - Phonon anomalies and the magnetic transition in pure and Cr-doped V2O

PMID- 9942692
TI  - Observations of magnetic and structural ordering in TbH2+x compounds through
      electrical resistivity measurements.

PMID- 9942694
TI  - Linked-cluster series-expansion technique for quantum spin systems.

PMID- 9942696
TI  - Magnetic properties of alternate nonclassical polymers: The elementary excitation
      spectrum.

PMID- 9942695
TI  - Application of spin-wave theory to the ground state of XY quantum Hamiltonians.

PMID- 9942697
TI  - New type of two-dimensional phase transition.

PMID- 9942698
TI  - Wetting on cylinders and spheres.

PMID- 9942699
TI  - Variational ground state for the periodic Anderson model with an indirect
      hybridization.

PMID- 9942700
TI  - Diffusion on percolating clusters.

PMID- 9942701
TI  - Polarized neutron-diffraction study of spin-density distribution in chromium
      tribromide.

PMID- 9942702
TI  - Sensitivity of third sound to the 3He effective mass in 3He

PMID- 9942703
TI  - Theoretical explanation of zero-field splitting and its pressure, stress, and
      temperature dependence in NiSiF6

PMID- 9942704
TI  - Bragg reflection of low-energy positrons from the surface of graphite.

PMID- 9942705
TI  - Specific heat of La1.8Sr0.2CuO4: Anomaly at the superconducting transition.

PMID- 9942706
TI  - Model-independent tests of excitonic enhancement in high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9942708
TI  - Processes yielding high superconducting temperatures.

PMID- 9942707
TI  - Low-temperature thermal conductivity of YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9942709
TI  - Magnetic ordering and magnetization in the high-temperature superconductor
      ErBa2Cu

PMID- 9942710
TI  - Excitations of a diamagnetic hole state in the copper-oxide superconductors.

PMID- 9942711
TI  - Superconducting HxYBa

PMID- 9942712
TI  - Superconducting energy gap of YBa2Cu3O9- delta measured by far-infrared
      reflection.

PMID- 9942713
TI  - Magnetic characterization of rare-earth barium cuprate superconductors.

PMID- 9942714
TI  - Structural behavior of the La2CuO4-based superconducting compounds.

PMID- 9942715
TI  - Structure of the high-Tc superconductor Ba2YCu3O7+x above (124 K) and below (71
      K) Tc by neutron diffraction.

PMID- 9942717
TI  - Superconducting and nonsuperconducting phases of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9942716
TI  - Anomalous thermal conductivity of La2-xSrxCuO4: Possibility of a polaronic glass.

PMID- 9942718
TI  - Influence of Fe impurities on the Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting system.

PMID- 9942719
TI  - Superconductivity and random disorder in the infinite-range hopping model.

PMID- 9942720
TI  - Hc2 spectroscopy of geometrical effects in La-S films.

PMID- 9942721
TI  - Condition for spin-rotational invariance in a semi-infinite itinerant-electron
      ferromagnet.

PMID- 9942723
TI  - Magnetic form factor and spin-density asphericity of Ni-Cu.

PMID- 9942722
TI  - Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida indirect interaction in two dimensions.

PMID- 9942724
TI  - Transport properties of the heavy-fermion compound CeCu6 down to 14 mK.

PMID- 9942725
TI  - Fast ionic conduction via site percolation in AgI-AgPO3 glasses.

PMID- 9942726
TI  - Effective medium versus critical behavior of the failure threshold in
      percolation.

PMID- 9942728
TI  - Temperature dependence of positron-annihilation parameters in YBa2Cu3O7-x above
      and below the superconducting transition.

PMID- 9942727
TI  - Generation of slow positive muons from solid rare-gas moderators.

PMID- 9942729
TI  - Electron paramagnetic resonance absorption in high-Tc superconducting GdBa2Cu3Ox.

PMID- 9942731
TI  - Cluster studies of the electronic structure of Cu-O chains in high-temperature
      superconductors.

PMID- 9942730
TI  - Hole formation in orthorhombic and tetragonal YBa2Cu

PMID- 9942733
TI  - Multiple-gap tunneling structure observed for the high-Tc superconductors:
      Charging effects as possible cause.

PMID- 9942732
TI  - Comparison of the electrodynamic properties of sintered YBa2Cu3O7-y and
      La1.85Sr0.15CuO4-y.

PMID- 9942734
TI  - Metal-insulator transition and superconductivity in Y1Ba2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9942736
TI  - Thermopower of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9942735
TI  - Stabilization of the tetragonal phase and superconducting behavior in RBa2(Cu1
      xFex)3Oy (R=Y,Gd; 0 <= x <= 0.15).

PMID- 9942737
TI  - Infrared anisotropy of La1.85Sr

PMID- 9942738
TI  - Precautions when interpreting EPR and dc magnetization measurements of high-Tc
      RBa2Cu3Oy-phase superconducting materials.

PMID- 9942739
TI  - Correlation between superconductivity and optical excitations.

PMID- 9942740
TI  - Twin-boundary dynamics and properties of high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9942741
TI  - Probing electronic density of states and magnetic interactions at the rare-earth
      site in ErBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9942742
TI  - Properties of epitaxial films of YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9942743
TI  - Anelastic relaxation in the high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu

PMID- 9942744
TI  - Magnetic isolation of Gd in superconducting GdBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9942745
TI  - Magnetic microstructure and flux dynamics of high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9942746
TI  - Local distortions and reduction in Tc in the ceramic superconductor La1.8Sr0.2Cu1
      xAgxO4.

PMID- 9942747
TI  - 3He melting curve below 15 mK.

PMID- 9942748
TI  - Multifractals and critical phenomena in percolating networks: Fixed point, gap
      scaling, and universality.

PMID- 9942750
TI  - Absence of the hump in the density of states of percolating clusters.

PMID- 9942749
TI  - Evolution of magnetism from mixed-valent CeIr3B2 to trivalent CeIr3Si2.

PMID- 9942751
TI  - Static and dynamic behavior of spin-glass films.

PMID- 9942752
TI  - Thermally induced two-level systems in glasses and nuclear spin-lattice
      relaxation.

PMID- 9942753
TI  - Phase diagrams of the spin-1 Ising Blume-Emery-Griffiths model: Monte Carlo
      simulations.

PMID- 9942754
TI  - Hyperbolic grain boundaries.

PMID- 9942755
TI  - Neutron observation of phase and amplitude modes in an n=4 incommensurate system.

PMID- 9942756
TI  - Mn local structure in the decagonal phase of Al-Mn alloys.

PMID- 9942757
TI  - Nernst-Ettingshausen coefficient measurements on Al below 1 K.

PMID- 9942758
TI  - Long-range excitation of electron-hole pairs in atom-surface scattering.

PMID- 9942759
TI  - Formation and structure of Fe/Cu(001) interfaces, sandwiches, and superlattices.

PMID- 9942761
TI  - Angular momentum branching ratios for electron-induced ionization: Atomic and
      model calculations.

PMID- 9942760
TI  - End-point energies of electrons ejected during Auger neutralization of slow,
      multicharged ions near metal surfaces.

PMID- 9942762
TI  - Charge transfer and coherent charge propagation in metal-insulator junctions.

PMID- 9942763
TI  - Effect of a magnetic field on weak localization and Coulomb interactions in
      acceptor graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9942764
TI  - Temperature and impurity dependence of the electrical resistivity in dilute
      gallium-based alloys. II. a-axis crystals.

PMID- 9942765
TI  - Polaron in n dimensions.

PMID- 9942766
TI  - Effects of adsorption on equilibrium crystal shape: A zero-temperature
      calculation.

PMID- 9942768
TI  - Calculation of conduction-electron scattering rates from vacancies in copper and
      gold.

PMID- 9942767
TI  - Conduction-electron scattering from vacancies in copper.

PMID- 9942769
TI  - Phonons in broken-symmetry structures.

PMID- 9942770
TI  - Local lattice expansion around Pd impurities in Cu and its influence on the Pd
      density of states: An extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure and Auger study.

PMID- 9942771
TI  - Si(111)7 x 7 and Si(111) sqrt 3-bar x sqrt 3-bar-al surface-structure analysis by
      ion-induced Auger-electron spectroscopy.

PMID- 9942772
TI  - Electronic properties and superconductivity of rapidly quenched Al-Si alloys.

PMID- 9942774
TI  - Resonant Raman scattering in GaP: Excitonic and interference effects near the E0
      and E0+ Delta 0 gaps.

PMID- 9942773
TI  - Equilibrium sites and electronic structure of interstitial hydrogen in Si.

PMID- 9942775
TI  - Nonlinear electronic transport in semiconductor systems with two types of
      carriers: Application to GaAs.

PMID- 9942777
TI  - Magnetophonon effect in Hg1-xCdxTe.

PMID- 9942776
TI  - Continuum-model acoustic and electronic properties for a Fibonacci superlattice.

PMID- 9942779
TI  - Cyclotron-resonance linewidth oscillations in the integer and fractional quantum
      Hall regimes.

PMID- 9942778
TI  - Impact-collision ion-scattering-spectrometry study of Ni layers deposited on
      Si(111) at room temperature.

PMID- 9942780
TI  - Measurement of local structural configurations associated with reversible
      photostructural changes in arsenic trisulfide films.

PMID- 9942781
TI  - Hydrogenation of low-pressure chemical-vapor-deposition silicon thin films.

PMID- 9942782
TI  - Electronic transport across a grain boundary in semiconductors.

PMID- 9942783
TI  - Atomistic simulation of defects in alkaline-earth fluorohalide crystals.

PMID- 9942784
TI  - In situ optical-reflectance study of H2 physisorption in C24K.

PMID- 9942785
TI  - Optical studies of methane under high pressure.

PMID- 9942786
TI  - Hyperpolarizabilities of alkali halide crystals using the local-density
      approximation.

PMID- 9942787
TI  - Neutron-scattering studies of phonons in disordered cubic zirconia at elevated
      temperatures.

PMID- 9942788
TI  - Structure and dynamics of amorphous water ice.
AB  - Further insight into the structure and dynamics of amorphous water ice, at low
      temperatures, was obtained by trapping in it Ar, Ne, H2, and D2.  Ballistic water
      vapor deposition results in the growth of smooth, approximately 1 x 0.2
      micrometer2, ice needles.  The amorphous ice seems to exist in at least two
      separate forms, at T < 85 K and at 85 < T < 136.8 K, and transform irreversibly
      from one form to the other through a series of temperature-dependent metastable
      states.  The channels formed by the water hexagons in the ice are wide enough to
      allow the free penetration of H2 and D2 into the ice matrix even in the
      relatively compact cubic ice, resulting in H2-(D2-) to-ice ratios (by number) as
      high as 0.63.  The larger Ar atoms can penetrate only into the wider channels of
      amorphous ice, and Ne is an intermediate case.  Dynamic percolation behavior
      explains the emergence of Ar and Ne (but not H2 and D2) for the ice, upon
      warming, in small and big gas jets.  The big jets, each containing approximately
      5 x 10(10) atoms, break and propel the ice needles.  Dynamic percolation also
      explains the collapse of the ice matrix under bombardment by Ar , at a pressure
      exceeding 2.6 dyn cm-2, and the burial of huge amounts of gas inside the
      collapsed matrix, up to an Ar-to-ice of 3.3 (by number).  The experimental
      results could be relevant to comets, icy satellites, and icy grain mantles in
      dense interstellar clouds.

PMID- 9942789
TI  - Effect of hybridization on 4d-->4f spectra in light lanthanides.

PMID- 9942790
TI  - Anisotropy of BN and Be x-ray-emission bands.

PMID- 9942791
TI  - Oxygen K x-ray-absorption near-edge structure of alkaline-earth-metal and 3d
      transition-metal oxides.

PMID- 9942792
TI  - Laser-induced anti-Stokes resonance Raman scattering: Probe for energy transfer
      in F-center-CN--molecule defect pairs in CsCl.

PMID- 9942793
TI  - Vibrational mode frequencies, phase diagram, and optical transmission of solid
      hydrogen iodide to 25 GPa.

PMID- 9942794
TI  - Electronic and magnetic properties of manganese impurities in aluminum.

PMID- 9942796
TI  - Tight-binding electrons on open chains: Density distribution and correlations.

PMID- 9942795
TI  - Structure and mechanism of alkali-metal-induced reconstruction of fcc (110)
      surfaces.

PMID- 9942797
TI  - Acoustic plasmons in Hg3- delta AsF6 in the long-wavelength limit.

PMID- 9942798
TI  - Concentration dependence of Raman scattering in superionic glasses
      (AgI)x(Ag2OH2O3)1-x.

PMID- 9942799
TI  - Spin-orbit coupling effects in CdGa2Se4:Co2+ single crystals.

PMID- 9942800
TI  - Raman scattering in a GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs Fibonacci superlattice.

PMID- 9942801
TI  - Effective mass in an n-type HgTe-CdTe superlattice.

PMID- 9942802
TI  - Excitonic optical nonlinearity and exciton dynamics in semiconductor quantum
      dots.

PMID- 9942803
TI  - Direct evidence for screening of the Coulomb interaction in quasi-two-dimensional
      systems.

PMID- 9942804
TI  - Semiempirical equation of state of solid hydrogen iodide.

PMID- 9942805
TI  - Disclinations in pentagonal quasicrystals.

PMID- 9942807
TI  - Influence of surface step density on reflection high-energy-electron diffraction
      specular intensity during epitaxial growth.

PMID- 9942806
TI  - Heterogenous mixed-valence and compound formation in ordered Yb/Ni(100)
      overlayers.

PMID- 9942808
TI  - Neutron spectroscopic evidence for subsurface hydrogen in palladium.

PMID- 9942809
TI  - All-electron local-density theory of the rippled NiAl(110) surface.

PMID- 9942810
TI  - Backscattering of light near the optical Anderson transition.

PMID- 9942811
TI  - Aharonov-Bohm effect in the hopping conductivity of a small ring.

PMID- 9942813
TI  - Electronic inelastic lifetime near a mobility edge.

PMID- 9942812
TI  - Inelastic electron scattering of surface and bulk phonons on Cu(001)-p(2 x 2)S.

PMID- 9942815
TI  - Effect of charge-density waves on the x-ray emission edges of simple metals.

PMID- 9942814
TI  - Spin-orbit-interaction-induced surface resonance on W(011).

PMID- 9942816
TI  - Phonon anomaly in K1-xRbxC8.

PMID- 9942817
TI  - Thermal-equilibrium processes in undoped amorphous-silicon alloys.

PMID- 9942818
TI  - Weakly bound deuterium in a-Si:D,H.

PMID- 9942819
TI  - Unexplored properties of defects with triply degenerate gap states in
      semiconductors: The role of lattice distortion.

PMID- 9942821
TI  - Empirical laws and their theoretical justification for the crystal-field
      splitting and ionization energy of transition-metal ions in semiconductors.

PMID- 9942820
TI  - Spin-flip Raman scattering from Cd1-xMnxTe:In epilayers and modulation-doped Cd1
      xMnxTe:In/CdTe superlattices grown by photoassisted molecular-beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9942822
TI  - Critical currents of the quantum Hall effect in the mesoscopic regime.

PMID- 9942823
TI  - Conduction-band offset determination in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs through measurement of
      infrared internal photoemission.

PMID- 9942824
TI  - Critical criterion for axial models of defects in as-grown n-type GaAs.

PMID- 9942825
TI  - Light-induced perturbation of the high-temperature equilibrium in phosphorus
      doped a-Si:H.

PMID- 9942826
TI  - Observation of the transition associated with real-space transfer of a two
      dimensional electron gas to a three-dimensional electron distribution in
      semiconductor heterolayers.

PMID- 9942827
TI  - Conclusive evidence for miniband dispersion in the photoreflectance of a
      GaAs/Ga0.74Al

PMID- 9942828
TI  - Common-anion rule and its limits: Photoemission studies of CuInxGa1-xSe2-Ge and
      CuxAg1-xInSe2-Ge interfaces.

PMID- 9942829
TI  - Deep-level defects in silicon and the band-edge hydrostatic deformation
      potentials.

PMID- 9942830
TI  - Coherent Raman spectroscopy of spin transitions in semimagnetic Pb1-xMnxTe.

PMID- 9942831
TI  - Some novel effects of space charge and crossed electric fields on energy levels
      and low-temperature diamagnetism in two-dimensional electron systems.

PMID- 9942832
TI  - Electron-transport dynamics in quantized intrinsic GaAs.

PMID- 9942833
TI  - Relaxation and surface states on wurtzite cleavage faces: CdSe(101-bar0).

PMID- 9942835
TI  - Rapid intensity fluctuations of light scattered by glasses.

PMID- 9942834
TI  - Novel approach for structure analysis by x-ray Raman scattering.

PMID- 9942836
TI  - Role of lattice matching in epitaxy: Novel Ce phase and new fcc-bcc epitaxial
      relationship.

PMID- 9942837
TI  - Electronic states, bonding, and x-ray absorption spectra of Pd2Si.

PMID- 9942838
TI  - Cadmium-ion distribution and motion in beta -alumina: An x-ray-diffraction and
      Raman-scattering investigation.

PMID- 9942839
TI  - Jump rate of the fcc vacancy in the short-memory-augmented-rate-theory
      approximation. I. Difference Monte Carlo sampling for the Vineyard rate.

PMID- 9942840
TI  - Jump rate of the fcc vacancy in the short-memory-augmented-rate-theory
      approximation. II. Dynamical conversion coefficient and isotope-effect factor.

PMID- 9942841
TI  - Transport properties of Rb in high magnetic fields.

PMID- 9942842
TI  - Resonance photoemission for f-electron systems.

PMID- 9942843
TI  - Image-potential states on clean and hydrogen-covered Pd surfaces: Analysis of a
      one-dimensional model.

PMID- 9942844
TI  - Theory of acoustical activity.

PMID- 9942845
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission study of the valence-band structure of VN0.89(100).

PMID- 9942846
TI  - Theoretical paramagnetic form factors for hcp transition metals.

PMID- 9942847
TI  - Effect of a spinodal decomposition on a resistivity anomaly in a binary alloy.

PMID- 9942848
TI  - Production and thermal annealing of neutrino-recoil-induced Frenkel pairs in
      copper.

PMID- 9942849
TI  - Diffusion and thermal stability of amorphous copper zirconium.

PMID- 9942852
TI  - Interface formation of GaAs with Si(100), Si(111), and Ge(111): Core-level
      spectroscopy for monolayer coverages of GaAs, Ga, and As.

PMID- 9942851
TI  - Fundamental optical properties of heavily-boron-doped silicon.

PMID- 9942850
TI  - Auger shifts in metal clusters.

PMID- 9942853
TI  - Effect of a finite-width barrier on binding energy in modulation-doped quantum
      well structures.

PMID- 9942854
TI  - Influence of the electric field on the fractional quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9942855
TI  - Direct and indirect electron-hole plasmas in gallium selenide.

PMID- 9942856
TI  - Phonon renormalization effects in quantum wells.

PMID- 9942857
TI  - Electron trapping in quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9942859
TI  - Evaluation of semiempirical quantum-chemical methods in solid-state applications.
      II. Cyclic-cluster calculations of silicon.

PMID- 9942858
TI  - Evaluation of semiempirical quantum-chemical methods in solid-state applications.
      I. Molecular-cluster calculations of defects in silicon.

PMID- 9942860
TI  - Bipolaron lattices on multiply excited polymer chains of finite length.

PMID- 9942861
TI  - Theory of the Pb center at the <111> Si/SiO2 interface.

PMID- 9942862
TI  - Quantum transport in the coupled electron-acoustic-phonon system: Application to
      energy transport in Si and Ge.

PMID- 9942863
TI  - Electronic structure of the quaternary alloy GaxIn1-xAsyP1-y: A coherent
      potential-approximation calculation.

PMID- 9942864
TI  - Low-temperature infrared absorption of n-type GaP.

PMID- 9942866
TI  - Theory of optical transitions in Si/Ge(001) strained-layer superlattices.

PMID- 9942865
TI  - Quantum thermal noise of electrons in semiconductors under crossed magnetic and
      electric fields.

PMID- 9942867
TI  - Bonds in III-V quaternary alloy semiconductors of AIII1-xBIIIxCV1-yDVy type.

PMID- 9942869
TI  - Empirical tight-binding calculation of dispersion in the second-order nonlinear
      optical constant for zinc-blende crystals.

PMID- 9942868
TI  - Adsorption-induced enhanced photoconductivity: A reevaluation.

PMID- 9942871
TI  - Electron-energy-loss spectra of GaSe and Ga metal.

PMID- 9942870
TI  - Structure and properties of amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide.

PMID- 9942873
TI  - Chemical and medium-range orders in As2S

PMID- 9942872
TI  - Quasielastic electron scattering as a probe of the silicon surface space-charge
      region.

PMID- 9942874
TI  - Optical transmission spectrum of incommensurate crystals: Application to Rb2ZnBr

PMID- 9942875
TI  - Effect of dynamical screening on the polaron cyclotron-resonance mass of a two
      dimensional electron gas in GaAs-AlxGa

PMID- 9942876
TI  - Temperature dependence of the polaron mass in a GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterostructure.

PMID- 9942878
TI  - Stopping of Havar, nickel, Kapton, and Mylar for 5-19-MeV 16O ions.

PMID- 9942877
TI  - Dipole-relaxation parameters for Ce3+-Fint

PMID- 9942879
TI  - Site-selective laser spectroscopy of CaF2:Pr3+ and CaF2:Pr3+,R3+ (R3+=Y

PMID- 9942880
TI  - High-pressure x-ray diffraction studies on rhenium up to 216 GPa (2.16 Mbar).

PMID- 9942881
TI  - Possibility of electron-neutron emission spectroscopy.

PMID- 9942883
TI  - Angle-resolved photoelectron-spectroscopy study of the Si(001)2 x 1-K surface.

PMID- 9942882
TI  - Vibrational spectroscopy of H on Pt(111): Evidence for universally soft parallel
      modes.

PMID- 9942884
TI  - Reaction mechanism for fluorine etching of silicon.

PMID- 9942886
TI  - Phase-resolved photoacoustic spectroscopy: Application to metallic-ion-doped
      glasses.

PMID- 9942887
TI  - Interface polaron in magnetic fields of arbitrary strength.

PMID- 9942885
TI  - Structural studies of Ga-adsorbed Si(111) sqrt 3-bar x sqrt 3-bar surfaces by low
      energy electron diffraction.

PMID- 9942888
TI  - Simple classical calculation of thermal expansion for rare-gas solids.

PMID- 9942889
TI  - Interactions of ethanol with clean and oxygen-preadsorbed surfaces of
      polycrystalline Ag studied by photoacoustic spectroscopy.

PMID- 9942890
TI  - Absence of two-electron resonances in valence-band photoemission from Cr, Mn, Fe,
      and Co.

PMID- 9942892
TI  - Spatial distribution of tunnel current and application to scanning-tunneling
      microscopy: A semiclassical treatment.

PMID- 9942891
TI  - Correlation correction to the Hartree-Fock total energy of solids.

PMID- 9942894
TI  - Interpretation of face-specific effects for atom adsorption on metal surfaces.

PMID- 9942893
TI  - Spin-polarized bands via the recursion method: FeNi3 as a test case.

PMID- 9942895
TI  - Angular and polarization dependence of surface-enhanced Raman scattering in
      attenuated-total-reflection geometry.

PMID- 9942896
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission study of the Ni(110)(12)-H reconstructed surface at
      80 K.

PMID- 9942897
TI  - Self-energy corrections to the ab initio band structure: Chromium.

PMID- 9942898
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission study of the (100) surface of substoichiometric TiN:
      A vacancy-induced state.

PMID- 9942900
TI  - Evolution of the electronic and structural properties of microclusters.

PMID- 9942899
TI  - Gap solitons in nonlinear periodic structures.

PMID- 9942902
TI  - Electron-phonon interaction and phonon dynamics in one-dimensional conductors:
      Spinless fermions.

PMID- 9942901
TI  - Surface topography in scanning tunneling microscopy: A free-electron model.

PMID- 9942903
TI  - Determination of bond strengths of arsenic and arsenic chalcogen compounds using
      the temperature dependence of extended x-ray-absorption fine structure.

PMID- 9942904
TI  - Photoemission study of the valence band of Pb monolayers on Ge(111).

PMID- 9942905
TI  - Electronic structure and plasma excitations at the surface of small voids in
      jellium.

PMID- 9942906
TI  - Electromagnetic modes of corrugated thin films and surfaces with a transition
      layer: Basic formalism.

PMID- 9942908
TI  - Time-dependent theory of hot electrons using the discrete Boltzmann equation.

PMID- 9942907
TI  - Interface vibrational Raman lines in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs superlattices.

PMID- 9942909
TI  - Bonding and ionicity in semiconductors.

PMID- 9942910
TI  - Surface plasmons on n-type semiconductors: Influence of depletion and
      accumulation layers.

PMID- 9942911
TI  - Atomistic simulation of silicon beam deposition.

PMID- 9942912
TI  - Chemical bonding in ordered Ce overlayers on Si(111).

PMID- 9942913
TI  - Dynamical conductivity in the infrared from impurity scattering in a polar
      semiconductor.

PMID- 9942915
TI  - Negative-U defect: Interstitial boron in silicon.

PMID- 9942914
TI  - Localization behavior of donor-related complexes in InP under hydrostatic
      pressure.

PMID- 9942916
TI  - Theoretical approach to heterojunction valence-band discontinuities: Case of a
      common anion.

PMID- 9942917
TI  - Molecular coherent-potential approximation for zinc-blende pseudobinary alloys.

PMID- 9942918
TI  - Band structure and electronic properties of native defects in cubic SiC.

PMID- 9942919
TI  - Cooling of an electron-hole plasma in a Ga0.47In0.53As multiple-quantum-well
      structure.

PMID- 9942920
TI  - Photoluminescence due to exciton-exciton scattering in GaSe under picosecond
      laser excitations.

PMID- 9942921
TI  - Influence of hydrogen on vibrational and optical properties of a-Si1-xHx alloys.

PMID- 9942922
TI  - Application of the linear-analytic tetrahedra method of zone integration to
      nonlinear response functions.

PMID- 9942923
TI  - Soft-x-ray emission spectroscopy study of the electronic structure of
      nonstoichiometric silicon nitride.

PMID- 9942924
TI  - Urbach rule in mixed single crystals of ZnxCd

PMID- 9942925
TI  - Temperature shift of the absorption edge in mixed single crystals of ZnxCd1-xSe.

PMID- 9942926
TI  - Hole-phonon relaxation time and Landau-level broadening due to hole-phonon
      interactions in multiple-quantum-well structures in the presence of a magnetic
      field and internal strains.

PMID- 9942927
TI  - Bent-band theory of conductivity in heavily doped semiconductors at low
      temperatures.

PMID- 9942928
TI  - Photoluminescence of CdSe: Evidence for selective etching of donor states.

PMID- 9942929
TI  - Structure and bonding of small semiconductor clusters.

PMID- 9942930
TI  - Theory of surface magnetoplasmon polaritons in truncated superlattices.

PMID- 9942931
TI  - Self-consistent study of confined states in thin GaAs-AlAs superlattices.

PMID- 9942932
TI  - Soft-mode spectroscopy and pyroelectricity in KTaO3:Na.

PMID- 9942933
TI  - Covalent insulator CeO2: Optical reflectivity measurements.

PMID- 9942934
TI  - Optical detection of metastable H2- defects and photoconversion of anion
      vacancies in thermochemically reduced CaO crystals.

PMID- 9942935
TI  - Low-energy electron diffraction study of molecular oxygen physisorbed on
      graphite.

PMID- 9942936
TI  - Channeling radiation from GaAs.

PMID- 9942937
TI  - Analysis of giant quantum attenuation of sound waves due to spin-split Landau
      levels in bismuth.

PMID- 9942939
TI  - Symmetry of the EL2 defect in GaAs.

PMID- 9942938
TI  - Microwave photoresistivity of a two-dimensional electron gas and the fractional
      quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9942941
TI  - Erratum: Screening of the intermolecular van der Waals interaction at a metal
      surface

PMID- 9942942
TI  - Unoccupied electron band structure of Na overlayers on Al(111).

PMID- 9942940
TI  - Comment on "Solvated polaron in an ionic lattice"

PMID- 9942944
TI  - Transition from the tunneling regime to point contact studied using scanning
      tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9942943
TI  - Spin- and angle-resolved photoemission study of ultrathin Gd films on Fe(100).

PMID- 9942945
TI  - Identification of underlayer components in the surface core-level spectra of
      W(111).

PMID- 9942946
TI  - Photoemission from supported metal clusters: The problem of the support.

PMID- 9942947
TI  - Electronic properties of the iron-boron impurity pair in silicon.

PMID- 9942948
TI  - Stark effect in GaAs-AlxGa

PMID- 9942949
TI  - Measurement of the weak-field conduction-electron g value in In0.53Ga

PMID- 9942950
TI  - Experimental evidence for coupled-mode phonon gaps in superlattice structures.

PMID- 9942952
TI  - Coherence of resonant tunneling in heterostructures.

PMID- 9942951
TI  - Indirect, quasidirect, and direct optical transitions in the pseudomorphic (44)
      monolayer Si-Ge strained-layer superlattice on Si(001).

PMID- 9942953
TI  - Picosecond Raman scattering from photoexcited plasmas in GaAs and InP: The
      important role of interfacial recombination.

PMID- 9942954
TI  - Electronic energy levels in InxGa

PMID- 9942955
TI  - Determination of the PIn antisite structure in InP by optically detected electron
      nuclear double resonance.

PMID- 9942956
TI  - Sb/GaAs(110) interface: A reevaluation.

PMID- 9942957
TI  - Arsenic antisite defect AsGa and EL2 in GaAs.

PMID- 9942958
TI  - Role of dangling bonds at Schottky barriers and semiconductor heterojunctions.

PMID- 9942959
TI  - Epitaxial growth of silicon: A molecular-dynamics simulation.

PMID- 9942960
TI  - Hydrogen-implantation-induced damage in silicon.

PMID- 9942961
TI  - Realization of the Esaki-Tsu-type doping superlattice.

PMID- 9942962
TI  - Velocity-field characteristics with two maxima in compensated GaAs.

PMID- 9942963
TI  - Molecular-dynamics simulation of the growth of strained-layer lattices.

PMID- 9942964
TI  - Electronic excitations of pure and doped rare-gas fluids: Theory and experiment.

PMID- 9942965
TI  - Extended x-ray-absorption fine structure of liquid water.

PMID- 9942966
TI  - High-resolution photoemission study of the interfacial reaction of Cr with
      polyimide and model polymers.

PMID- 9942968
TI  - T operators and their matrix elements for a general periodic potential.

PMID- 9942967
TI  - Energy-band equation for a general periodic potential.

PMID- 9942970
TI  - Nd1+ epsilon Fe4B4: A composition-modulated compound with incommensurate
      composite crystal structure.

PMID- 9942969
TI  - Friedel-type sum rule for a general periodic potential.

PMID- 9942971
TI  - Electron densities in VN. I. High-precision x-ray-diffraction determination of
      the valence-electron density distribution and atomic displacement parameters.

PMID- 9942972
TI  - Electron densities in VN. II. Theory.

PMID- 9942973
TI  - Effect of liquids on the Drude dielectric function of Ag and Au films.

PMID- 9942974
TI  - Phonon focusing in piezoelectric crystals.

PMID- 9942975
TI  - Effects of first-order spatial dispersion on phonon focusing: Application to
      quartz.

PMID- 9942976
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility of low-dimensional organic conductors with
      bis(ethylenedithio) tetrathiafulvalene: (BEDT-TTF)3(ClO4)2 and (BEDT
      TTF)2ClO4(C2H3Cl3)0.5.

PMID- 9942978
TI  - Molecular lifetimes in the presence of periodically roughened metallic surfaces.

PMID- 9942977
TI  - Densities of states, projected densities of states, and transfer-matrix methods
      from a unified point of view.

PMID- 9942979
TI  - Exact relativistic theory for electron diffraction from planar ideal crystals.

PMID- 9942980
TI  - Ballistic structure in the electron distribution function of small semiconducting
      structures: General features and specific trends.

PMID- 9942981
TI  - Below-band-gap luminescence in doping superlattices.

PMID- 9942982
TI  - Exciton-polaritons in InP: Magnetoreflectance investigation.

PMID- 9942983
TI  - Numerical studies of one-electron hydrogenic impurity states in doped
      semiconductors. II. Fully compensated systems.

PMID- 9942984
TI  - Long-range order in AlxGa1-xAs.

PMID- 9942985
TI  - Mixing between heavy-hole and light-hole excitons in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum
      wells in an electric field.

PMID- 9942986
TI  - Amplitude and phase modes in trans-polyacetylene: Resonant Raman scattering and
      induced infrared activity.

PMID- 9942987
TI  - New k

PMID- 9942988
TI  - Determination of single-particle relaxation time from light scattering spectra in
      modulation-doped quantum wells.

PMID- 9942989
TI  - Wigner-function model of a resonant-tunneling semiconductor device.

PMID- 9942991
TI  - Fast-particle energy loss in the vicinity of a two-dimensional plasma.

PMID- 9942990
TI  - Pressure dependence of direct and indirect optical absorption in GaAs.

PMID- 9942993
TI  - Chemical trapping and modification of the Au/GaAs(110) interface using Sm
      interlayers.

PMID- 9942992
TI  - Laser-induced crystallization of amorphous GeTe: A time-resolved study.

PMID- 9942994
TI  - Resonance Raman scattering in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs superlattices: Impurity-induced
      Frohlich-interaction scattering.

PMID- 9942995
TI  - Cooperative ring exchange and the fractional quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9942996
TI  - Schottky-barrier formation on a covalent semiconductor without Fermi-level
      pinning: The metal-MoS2(0001) interface.

PMID- 9942997
TI  - Ellipsometry and structure studies of chromium, molybdenum, and platinum
      silicides.

PMID- 9942999
TI  - Breathing-shell alloy model for the phonon dispersion relations of intermediate
      valence Sm1-xYxS.

PMID- 9942998
TI  - Atomistic nature of heterointerfaces in III-V semiconductor-based quantum-well
      structures and its consequences for photoluminescence behavior.

PMID- 9943000
TI  - Three-center Auger-type nonradiative recombination mechanism in the ZnS lattice.

PMID- 9943001
TI  - Heating of cold electrons by a warm GaAs lattice: A novel probe of the carrier
      phonon interaction.

PMID- 9943002
TI  - Hot-electron noise in two-valley semiconductors: An analytic model.

PMID- 9943003
TI  - Self-consistent pseudopotential calculation for the electronic structure of a
      (InAs)1(GaAs)1 monolayer superlattice.

PMID- 9943004
TI  - Drift mobility of steady-state photocarriers in a-Si:H.

PMID- 9943006
TI  - Drift mobility of doped a-Si:H at high temperatures.

PMID- 9943005
TI  - Photoinduced change in the density of localized states near the conduction band
      of doped a-Si:H.

PMID- 9943007
TI  - Theory of impurity vibrations due to isolated interstitials and interstitial
      substitutional pair defects in semiconductors.

PMID- 9943008
TI  - Density-of-states calculations within the recursion method.

PMID- 9943009
TI  - Dynamics, photoexcitation, and coherent anharmonicity in polyyne.

PMID- 9943010
TI  - X-ray absorption studies of CeO2, PrO2, and TbO2. I. Manifestation of localized
      and extended f states in the 3d absorption spectra.

PMID- 9943011
TI  - X-ray absorption studies of CeO2, PrO2, and TbO2. II. Rare-earth valence state by
      LIII absorption edges.

PMID- 9943013
TI  - Structure of the mixed crystal (KCN)0.7(KBr)0.3 determined by neutron powder
      diffraction.

PMID- 9943012
TI  - Elastic scattering from cubic lattice systems with paracrystalline distortion.

PMID- 9943014
TI  - Specific heat of hemoglobin solutions at temperatures between 1.3 and 10 K.

PMID- 9943015
TI  - Hohenberg-Kohn kernel K(r-r').

PMID- 9943017
TI  - Translational mass of an exciton in a lattice.

PMID- 9943016
TI  - Effect of plasma waves on the optical properties of conducting superlattices.

PMID- 9943018
TI  - Metallic surfaces in the Thomas-Fermi-von Weizsacker approach: Self-consistent
      solution.

PMID- 9943019
TI  - Schrodinger problem for hierarchical heterostructures.

PMID- 9943020
TI  - X-ray diffraction study of the metastable charge-density-wave state of K0.3MoO3.

PMID- 9943021
TI  - Structure of the c(22) coverage of Cl on Ag(100): A controversy resolved by
      surface extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure spectroscopy.

PMID- 9943022
TI  - Rapid magnetic oscillations in bis-tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene perchlorate:
      Possibility of a new type of quantum oscillation.

PMID- 9943023
TI  - Two-mode radiation from light-emitting tunnel junctions.

PMID- 9943024
TI  - Third-order electron-correlation and crystal-field contributions to the
      amplitudes of two-photon absorption in fN systems.

PMID- 9943025
TI  - Perturbed angular-correlation experiments on 111In in oxidized fcc metals and
      their oxides.

PMID- 9943026
TI  - Structural characterization of the sliding charge-density-wave conductor,
      Rb0.30MoO3, by nuclear magnetic resonance.

PMID- 9943027
TI  - Electron-spin-resonance study of Pb2 3+ dimer centers in NaCl:PbCl2.

PMID- 9943028
TI  - Theory of positronium formation at metal surfaces.

PMID- 9943029
TI  - Crystal-field interactions and spin reorientation in (Er1-xDyx)2Fe14B.

PMID- 9943031
TI  - Cyclotron-resonance study of polarons in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures.

PMID- 9943030
TI  - Self-consistent trajectories for surface scattering via classical-quantal
      coupling.

PMID- 9943032
TI  - Bipartition model of ion transport: An outline of new range theory for light
      ions.

PMID- 9943033
TI  - Critical behavior of vicinal surfaces of 4He.

PMID- 9943035
TI  - Theory of the Hall effect in heavy-fermion compounds.

PMID- 9943034
TI  - Pinning by the local changes of the electron mean free path in anisotropic type
      II superconductors.

PMID- 9943036
TI  - Dissipation and quantum fluctuations in granular superconductivity.

PMID- 9943037
TI  - Quantum decay rates for dissipative systems at finite temperatures.

PMID- 9943038
TI  - Raman study of phonons in Chevrel-phase crystals.

PMID- 9943040
TI  - Transport measurements in granular niobium nitride cermet films.

PMID- 9943039
TI  - Nonuniversal breakdown behavior in superconducting and dielectric composites.

PMID- 9943041
TI  - Nuclear-spin noise and spontaneous emission.

PMID- 9943044
TI  - Superconductivity of binary and ternary compounds of Bi.

PMID- 9943042
TI  - Magnetic fluctuations in the magnetically ordering heavy-fermion compounds UCu5
      and U2Zn17.

PMID- 9943043
TI  - Order parameter of superfluid 3He-B near surfaces.

PMID- 9943045
TI  - Quadrupolar coupling and structural instability in Ho1-xYxCu.

PMID- 9943046
TI  - Renormalization-group analysis of Lifshitz tricritical behavior.

PMID- 9943048
TI  - Effect of boundary conditions on the finite-size transverse Ising model.

PMID- 9943047
TI  - Nonlinear infrared response of antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9943049
TI  - Measurements of strain and the optical indices in the ferroelectric
      Ba0.4Sr0.6Nb2O6: Polarization effects.

PMID- 9943050
TI  - Self-consistent large-N expansion for normal-state properties of dilute magnetic
      alloys.

PMID- 9943051
TI  - Bulk, surface, and interface properties of the Ising model and conformal
      invariance.

PMID- 9943054
TI  - Molecular relaxation versus orientational ordering of H2 in a-Si:H.

PMID- 9943052
TI  - Hubbard model for a cubic cluster.

PMID- 9943053
TI  - Ground state of solid hydrogen at high pressures.

PMID- 9943056
TI  - Cauchy relations for central-force random networks.

PMID- 9943055
TI  - Stable trajectories during decomposition of a dilute alloy.

PMID- 9943057
TI  - Pulsations in optical directional melting of semiconductors.

PMID- 9943058
TI  - Scaling regimes and functional renormalization for wetting transitions.

PMID- 9943060
TI  - Specific heat of dilute Au-Fe and Cu-Mn spin-glass alloys below 30 K.

PMID- 9943059
TI  - Largest current in a random resistor network.

PMID- 9943061
TI  - NMR observation of temperature-dependent spin-lattice relaxation in trans
      polyacetylene.

PMID- 9943062
TI  - Localization, magnetism, and superconductivity in two-dimensional Pd1-yNiyHx
      films.

PMID- 9943063
TI  - Magnetic-electron Compton profiles of ferromagnetic Fe and ferrimagnetic Mn
      ferrite.

PMID- 9943064
TI  - Behavior of solutions in extended Klein-Gordon systems approaching asymptotically
      stationary outgoing solitary-wave solutions.

PMID- 9943065
TI  - Magnetic excitations in the itinerant antiferromagnets Mn3Si and Fe-doped Mn3Si.

PMID- 9943066
TI  - Kinetics of the complex order parameter in the Landau-Ginzburg model of
      spontaneous phase transitions.

PMID- 9943067
TI  - Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction near the surface of a semi-infinite
      rare-earth metal.

PMID- 9943068
TI  - Summability of perturbation expansions in disordered systems: Results for a toy
      model.

PMID- 9943069
TI  - Theory of orientational relaxation in systems with continuous symmetry.

PMID- 9943070
TI  - Renormalized finite-cluster expansions.

PMID- 9943071
TI  - Incommensurate structural modulation and electronic localization in bis
      tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene thiocyanate.

PMID- 9943073
TI  - Peierls instability in spinless one-dimensional conductors.

PMID- 9943072
TI  - Backscattering of electromagnetic waves by a random dielectric medium.

PMID- 9943074
TI  - Symmetry-adapted Wannier functions in perfect antiferromagnetic chromium.

PMID- 9943075
TI  - Energy diffusion in disordered electronic systems near the Anderson transition.

PMID- 9943076
TI  - Electrons trapped in the wake of a negative muon.

PMID- 9943078
TI  - Raman scattering from Ba2YCu

PMID- 9943077
TI  - Superconducting transition in thin films of lead telluride doped with thallium.

PMID- 9943079
TI  - Thermally stimulated luminescence from rare-earth-doped barium copper oxides.

PMID- 9943080
TI  - Temperature-dependent change of Cu-O bond length in YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9943081
TI  - Phonon density of states of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 and the nonsuperconducting
      analog YBa2Cu3O6.

PMID- 9943082
TI  - Magnetic and superconducting properties of RBa2Cu

PMID- 9943083
TI  - Electrodynamic response of Y1Ba2Cu3Oy and La1.85Sr0.15CuO4- delta in the
      superconducting state.

PMID- 9943084
TI  - Superconductivity in single-phase Y1Ba

PMID- 9943086
TI  - Crystal structure and superconductivity of LaBaCu2O

PMID- 9943087
TI  - Superconductivity in La-Ba-Cu-O metallic oxide compounds above 50 K.

PMID- 9943085
TI  - Superconductivity in the system (AlxY1-x)Ba2Cu3O6.5+ delta.

PMID- 9943089
TI  - Peshkov transducer in superfluid 3He.

PMID- 9943088
TI  - Anomalies in the internal friction and sound velocity in the high-temperature
      superconductor La1.8Sr0.2CuO4.

PMID- 9943091
TI  - Spin polarization of secondary electrons from amorphous 3d metallic ferromagnets.

PMID- 9943090
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility of the Hubbard model in the strong-correlation limit.

PMID- 9943092
TI  - Neel regions in 180 degrees Bloch walls.

PMID- 9943093
TI  - Origin of Brown's coercive paradox in perfect ferromagnetic crystals.

PMID- 9943094
TI  - Effects of temperature on domain-growth kinetics of fourfold-degenerate (21)
      ordering in Ising models.

PMID- 9943096
TI  - Segregation of Sn at the Au(110) surface and its effect on the 12 11 phase
      transition.

PMID- 9943095
TI  - Quantum spin chains with alternation.

PMID- 9943099
TI  - Positron mobility edge in dense gaseous helium.

PMID- 9943097
TI  - Modeling 1/f noise via dynamical random networks.

PMID- 9943098
TI  - Erratum: Specific-heat measurements on two high-transition-temperature
      superconducting oxides: La1.85Ba0.15CuO4 and La1.8Sr0.2CuO4

PMID- 9943100
TI  - Vector character of light in weak localization: Spatial anisotropy in coherent
      backscattering from a random medium.

PMID- 9943101
TI  - Free-carrier relaxation dynamics in the normal state of sintered YBa2Cu3O7-y.

PMID- 9943102
TI  - Microwave absorption in the superconducting and normal phases of Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9943104
TI  - Temperature dependence of the far-infrared reflectivity spectrum of the high-Tc
      superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-y.

PMID- 9943103
TI  - Role of interlayer coupling in oxide superconductors.

PMID- 9943105
TI  - Photoemission study of YBa2Cu3O7 through the superconducting transition: Evidence
      for oxygen dimerization.

PMID- 9943106
TI  - Magnetic fluctuations and two-dimensional ordering in ErBa2Cu

PMID- 9943107
TI  - Energy gap and Korringa constant in the high-temperature superconductor
      La1.83Sr0.17CuO4 determined by NMR.

PMID- 9943108
TI  - Flux pinning and critical current density in YBa2Cu3O6+y and EuBa2Cu3O6+y
      superconductors.

PMID- 9943109
TI  - Temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth in the high-Tc
      superconductor Ba2YCu3O9- delta : Evidence for conventional s-wave pairing.

PMID- 9943110
TI  - Anisotropy of Hc2 and the breadth of the resistive transition of polycrystalline
      YBa2Cu

PMID- 9943111
TI  - Upper critical fields and anisotropy limits of high-Tc superconductors R1Ba2Cu3O7
      y, where R=Nd, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm, and YBa2Cu3O7-y.

PMID- 9943112
TI  - Heat capacity of YBa2Cu3O7- delta at the superconducting transition temperature.

PMID- 9943113
TI  - Measurement of the specific heat anomaly at the superconducting transition of
      YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9943114
TI  - Comparison of the pressure dependencies of Tc in the 90-K superconductors
      RBa2Cu3Ox (R=Gd, Er, and Yb) and YBa2Cu3Ox.

PMID- 9943115
TI  - Bulk-modulus anomalies at the superconducting transition of single-phase
      YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9943116
TI  - Large "forbidden" change in elastic modulus at the superconducting transition of
      Y1Ba2Cu3O9-x.

PMID- 9943117
TI  - Persistent current in Ba-Y-Cu-O in liquid nitrogen.

PMID- 9943118
TI  - Effect of structural changes on the zero-resistance transition temperature of
      La1Ba2Cu3O9- delta.

PMID- 9943120
TI  - Oscillations and line shapes of S(Q, omega ) in quantum fluids.

PMID- 9943119
TI  - Xe and K coadsorption on Ag(110): Observation of a wetting-to-nonwetting phase
      transition.

PMID- 9943121
TI  - Tensor-boson condensation in superconductivity of heavy-fermion systems.

PMID- 9943123
TI  - Point-contact spectra of the heavy-fermion superconductors UBe13 and UPt3.

PMID- 9943122
TI  - Antiparallel coupling between Fe layers separated by a Cr interlayer: Dependence
      of the magnetization on the film thickness.

PMID- 9943125
TI  - Phase transitions in quasicrystalline Al6CuMg

PMID- 9943126
TI  - Phonon softening and the hydrogen-induced Ni(110) 12 reconstruction.

PMID- 9943124
TI  - Phase-transition problem and magnetic short-range order in Heisenberg spin
      glasses.

PMID- 9943128
TI  - New high-pressure spiral phase of EuAs3.

PMID- 9943127
TI  - In situ Brillouin scattering from surface-anisotropy-dominated Damon-Eshbach
      modes in ultrathin epitaxial Fe(110) layers.

PMID- 9943129
TI  - Mossbauer and magnetization studies of some neptunium heavy-electron
      intermetallics.

PMID- 9943130
TI  - Conductivity and noise critical exponents in thin films near the metal-insulator
      percolation transition.

PMID- 9943131
TI  - Nonanalytic polarization response of a dipolar glass.

PMID- 9943132
TI  - Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction in disordered metals.

PMID- 9943133
TI  - Reevaluation of series expansions for roughening transitions.

PMID- 9943134
TI  - Noise tolerance of frequency-locked dynamics.

PMID- 9943136
TI  - Crystal-field splitting in icosahedral symmetry.

PMID- 9943135
TI  - Electronic structure and properties of NiSi2 and CoSi2 in the fluorite and
      adamantane structures.

PMID- 9943137
TI  - Electron-phonon interaction, ultrasonic attenuation, and Eliashberg function
      alpha 2F( omega ) in impure metals.

PMID- 9943139
TI  - Phonon-assisted hopping of an electron on a Wannier-Stark ladder in a strong
      electric field.

PMID- 9943138
TI  - Interaction of Hg overlayers with an Ag(100) surface.

PMID- 9943141
TI  - Pressure variation of 4f excitation energies in Eu and Tm metals.

PMID- 9943140
TI  - Direct observation of atomic structures in the surface reconstruction of Ir and
      Pt (001), (110), and (131) surfaces.

PMID- 9943143
TI  - Quantum transport equations for high electric fields.

PMID- 9943144
TI  - Theory of field evaporation of the surface layer in jellium and other metals.

PMID- 9943142
TI  - Emissions related to donor-bound excitons in highly purified zinc selenide single
      crystals.

PMID- 9943145
TI  - Slow-mode surface plasma oscillations in layered structures.

PMID- 9943146
TI  - Gutzwiller approach to the Anderson lattice model with no orbital degeneracy.

PMID- 9943147
TI  - Elastic properties of charge-density-wave conductors in applied electric fields.

PMID- 9943149
TI  - Metastable defects in hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9943148
TI  - Deformation potentials at the valence-band maximum in semiconductors.

PMID- 9943151
TI  - Molecular-dynamics computer simulation of amorphous molybdenum-germanium alloys.

PMID- 9943150
TI  - First-principles investigation of geometric and electronic structures of aluminum
      adsorbed on silicon surfaces.

PMID- 9943152
TI  - Theoretical study of the localization-delocalization transition in amorphous
      molybdenum-germanium alloys.

PMID- 9943153
TI  - Electronic structure and properties of d- and f-shell-metal compounds.

PMID- 9943154
TI  - Mobility enhancement of modulation-doped materials by low-temperature optical
      annealing of spacer-layer defect charge state.

PMID- 9943156
TI  - Relativistic corrections to the intrinsic concentration, the effective density of
      states, and the conductivity in s-dimensional semiconductors.

PMID- 9943155
TI  - Fluorine-incorporation scheme in fluorinated amorphous silicon prepared by
      various methods.

PMID- 9943157
TI  - Infrared-absorption properties of EL2 in GaAs.

PMID- 9943158
TI  - Microwave-perturbed static-magnetic-field delayed-fluorescence modulation
      experiments in anthracene.

PMID- 9943159
TI  - Intervalley scattering and shallow-deep instabilities of electronic levels in
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9943161
TI  - Solution of the linearized Boltzmann equation for the two-dimensional electron
      gas in heterojunctions.

PMID- 9943160
TI  - Theory of the radical-electron configurations and optical excitations in short
      chain polydiacetylene oligomers.

PMID- 9943162
TI  - Atomic and electronic structure of ZnS cleavage surfaces.

PMID- 9943164
TI  - Attenuated total reflectivity of semiconductors with wave-vector-linear band
      splitting.

PMID- 9943163
TI  - Zener transitions in dissipative driven systems.

PMID- 9943166
TI  - Electronic structure of hydrogenated-fluorinated a-Si1-xGex alloys.

PMID- 9943165
TI  - Simulation of silicon thermal oxidation.

PMID- 9943167
TI  - Electron gas in channels in strong magnetic fields.

PMID- 9943168
TI  - Self-consistent-field studies of core-level shifts in ionic crystals. II. MgO and
      BeO.

PMID- 9943169
TI  - Four-photon absorption cross section in potassium bromide at 532 nm.

PMID- 9943171
TI  - Enhancement of local field by a two-dimensional array of dielectric spheres
      placed on a substrate.

PMID- 9943170
TI  - Hydration states and phase transitions in vermiculite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9943173
TI  - Quantum resistance fluctuations of a one-dimensional conductor with static
      disorder.

PMID- 9943172
TI  - Effect of tip morphology on images obtained by scanning tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9943174
TI  - Hot electrons in one dimension: Electron velocity runaway.

PMID- 9943175
TI  - CdTe thermal parameters studied by single-crystal x-ray diffraction.

PMID- 9943176
TI  - Localized indirect excitons in a short-period GaAs/AlAs superlattice.

PMID- 9943178
TI  - Raman spectrum of a ZnSe/GaAs heterostructure.

PMID- 9943177
TI  - Anomalous exponents in thermally activated random walks.

PMID- 9943179
TI  - Resonant photoemission from NiI2.

PMID- 9943180
TI  - Optically detected magnetic-resonance studies of oxygen vacancy defects in the
      phosphorescent spin quartet state in CaO.

PMID- 9943181
TI  - Kinetics of ordering in graphite-SbCl5 studied by ESR.

PMID- 9943183
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Atomic structure and ordering in semiconductor alloys' "

PMID- 9943182
TI  - Comment on "Atomic structure and ordering in semiconducting alloys"

PMID- 9943184
TI  - Erratum: Acoustic deformation potentials and heterostructure band offsets in
      semiconductors

PMID- 9943185
TI  - Coulomb and pinning effects on the soliton-related phonon modes in polyacetylene.

PMID- 9943186
TI  - Elastic properties of charge-density-wave conductors.

PMID- 9943188
TI  - 5f-band width and resonant photoemission of uranium intermetallic compounds.

PMID- 9943187
TI  - Photochromism and photoinduced bond-structure change in the conjugated polymer
      polydiacetylene.

PMID- 9943190
TI  - Altshuler-Aronov anomalies in the density of states of substitutional alloys.

PMID- 9943189
TI  - Empirical electron-phonon lambda values from resistivity of cubic metallic
      elements.

PMID- 9943191
TI  - Avoided crossing of vibrational modes in Ag(110) observed by He time-of-flight
      measurements.

PMID- 9943192
TI  - Nonlinear ac dynamics of pinned charge-density waves: Third-harmonic generation.

PMID- 9943193
TI  - Momentum-mixing-induced enhancement of band nonparabolicity in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs
      superlattices.

PMID- 9943195
TI  - Effects of compressive uniaxial stress on the electronic structure of GaAs-Ga1
      xAlxAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9943194
TI  - Detection of deep-lying defects in a-SiH:C alloy films.

PMID- 9943196
TI  - Saddle-point excitons in solids and superlattices.

PMID- 9943197
TI  - Infrared spectral hole burning of sulfur-hydrogen deep donors in a Si:Ge crystal.

PMID- 9943198
TI  - Carrier cooling in undoped and modulation-doped Ga0.47In0.53As multiple quantum
      wells.

PMID- 9943199
TI  - Charge transfer in Hg1-xCdxTe-CdTe heterostructures.

PMID- 9943200
TI  - Deep-level symmetry studies using ballistic-phonon transmission in undoped semi
      insulating GaAs.

PMID- 9943201
TI  - Metastable paramagnetism in hydrogenated amorphous silicon: Evidence for a new
      class of defects in tetrahedrally bonded amorphous semiconductors.

PMID- 9943202
TI  - Shear modulus of TaS3.

PMID- 9943203
TI  - L2 and L3 measurements of transition-metal 5d orbital occupancy, spin-orbit
      effects, and chemical bonding.

PMID- 9943204
TI  - Identification of C-H resonances in the K-shell excitation spectra of gas-phase,
      chemisorbed, and polymeric hydrocarbons.

PMID- 9943205
TI  - Non-Markovian line shapes of physisorbed atoms on a crystal.

PMID- 9943207
TI  - Localization in one-dimensional disordered systems with electric field: An
      analytical approach.

PMID- 9943206
TI  - Surface-phonon dispersion on Cu(110): A comparison of experiment and theory.

PMID- 9943209
TI  - Order and disorder in iron-titanium.

PMID- 9943210
TI  - Nonlocal theory for surface-plasmon excitation in simple metals.

PMID- 9943208
TI  - Incident beam effects in medium-energy backscattered electron diffraction.

PMID- 9943212
TI  - Scattering of phonons by dislocations in potassium.

PMID- 9943211
TI  - Stability of solitary-wave pulses in shape-memory alloys.

PMID- 9943213
TI  - Surface-plasmon-polariton mode conversion on rough interfaces.

PMID- 9943214
TI  - Photodesorption by resonant laser-vibrational coupling: Effects of coherent two
      quantum transitions, vibrational anharmonicity, and surface heterogeneity on
      yields.

PMID- 9943215
TI  - Localization, Coulomb interaction, and spin-orbit scattering in amorphous Cu-Ti
      Au alloys.

PMID- 9943216
TI  - Chemical and surface core-level shifts of barium studied by photoemission.

PMID- 9943217
TI  - Theory of classical diffusion jumps in solids. II. Isotope effect and first-order
      anharmonic terms.

PMID- 9943218
TI  - Exact Kohn-Sham direct gap at an insulator-metal transition.

PMID- 9943219
TI  - Semiempirical band structure of PtGa2.

PMID- 9943220
TI  - Structure of segregated Au layers on Ni(110)-0.8 at. % Au alloy by scanning
      tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9943221
TI  - Screened dielectric response of sliding charge-density waves.

PMID- 9943222
TI  - Many-body tetrahedral-cluster model for binary and ternary alloys.

PMID- 9943223
TI  - Infrared optical properties and vibrational behavior of anisotropic crystals:
      Orthorhombic Ba

PMID- 9943224
TI  - Weak localization in inhomogeneous magnetic fields.

PMID- 9943225
TI  - X-ray scattering and condensed-matter experiments: Beyond the nonrelativistic
      approach.

PMID- 9943226
TI  - Charge-density-wave phase transition in the quasi-one-dimensional conductor Nb3Te

PMID- 9943228
TI  - Anharmonic dynamics of defect pairs in soft-mode systems.

PMID- 9943227
TI  - Prototype fcc-based binary-alloy phase diagrams from tight-binding electronic
      structure calculations.

PMID- 9943229
TI  - Ab initio calculations of the cohesive energy of Mo and W and heat of formation
      of MoSi2 and WSi2.

PMID- 9943230
TI  - Path-integral method for a heavy particle moving in a periodic potential and
      screened by a light degenerate Fermi gas.

PMID- 9943231
TI  - Electronic structure of ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, and their pseudobinary alloys.

PMID- 9943232
TI  - Ab initio (GaAs)3(AlAs)3 (001) superlattice calculations: Band offsets and
      formation enthalpy.

PMID- 9943233
TI  - New formalism of the Kronig-Penney model with application to superlattices.

PMID- 9943235
TI  - Laser-induced free-carrier and temperature gratings in silicon.

PMID- 9943234
TI  - Carrier confinement potential in quantum-well wires fabricated by implantation
      enhanced interdiffusion in the GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs system.

PMID- 9943236
TI  - Interband transitions of thin-layer GaAs/AlAs superlattices.

PMID- 9943238
TI  - Excitation gap in the fractionally quantized Hall effect.

PMID- 9943237
TI  - Hydrogen microstructure in amorphous hydrogenated silicon.

PMID- 9943239
TI  - Ground-state energy of a shallow donor in a polar-crystal interface.

PMID- 9943240
TI  - Soliton mobility in trans-polyacetylene.

PMID- 9943242
TI  - Cyclotron resonance of polarons in a nonparabolic band.

PMID- 9943241
TI  - Adsorption on narrow-gap semiconductors.

PMID- 9943243
TI  - Photoelectron spectra from local-density-functional calculations: Application to
      chain polymers.

PMID- 9943245
TI  - Characterization of a-Si:H/a-Ge:H superlattices by Raman scattering.

PMID- 9943244
TI  - Structural properties of GeTe at T=0.

PMID- 9943246
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission study of the alpha -Sn/CdTe(100) interface.

PMID- 9943247
TI  - Effect of grain boundaries on the Raman spectra, optical absorption, and elastic
      light scattering in nanometer-sized crystalline silicon.

PMID- 9943248
TI  - Electronic structure of a neutral Cu-related complex defect with a bound exciton
      at 2.3296 eV in ZnTe.

PMID- 9943250
TI  - Radiation-enhanced impurity aggregation in MgO.

PMID- 9943251
TI  - Polyazacetylene: Metallic conductor versus Mott insulator.

PMID- 9943249
TI  - Dispersion relation and critical wave vector of surface plasmons in a semi
      infinite superlattice.

PMID- 9943253
TI  - High-pressure structural and electronic properties of carbon.

PMID- 9943252
TI  - Off-normal infrared reflectivity in uniaxial crystals: alpha -LiIO

PMID- 9943255
TI  - Nature of defect structure in CoO.

PMID- 9943254
TI  - Elastic neutron scattering studies of the structure of graphite intercalated with
      potassium and ammonia.

PMID- 9943256
TI  - Calculated properties of monolayer and multilayer N2 on graphite.

PMID- 9943257
TI  - Predicted properties of the uniaxially incommensurate phase of N2 monolayers on
      graphite.

PMID- 9943258
TI  - Surface electronic structure and chemisorption on corundum transition-metal
      oxides: alpha -Fe2O3.

PMID- 9943260
TI  - Optical properties, reflectance, and transmittance of anisotropic absorbing
      crystal plates.

PMID- 9943259
TI  - Low-temperature ultrasonic attenuation by strongly dispersive transverse-acoustic
      phonons in alpha -quartz.

PMID- 9943261
TI  - Optical linewidths and photon-echo decays of impurities in glasses.

PMID- 9943263
TI  - Vibrational modes of a DNA polymer at low temperature.

PMID- 9943262
TI  - Resonant Raman scattering in stage-1 graphite acceptor intercalated compounds: C
      AsF5.

PMID- 9943265
TI  - Electronic shell structure of simple metal heteroclusters.

PMID- 9943264
TI  - Work function of metals upon alkali-metal adsorption: Overlayer relaxation.

PMID- 9943266
TI  - Quantum size effect in superlattices.

PMID- 9943267
TI  - Temperature effects in atomic diffusion in silicon.

PMID- 9943268
TI  - Nonlocal Kohn-Sham exchange corrections to Si band gaps and binding energy.

PMID- 9943269
TI  - Hartree-Fock energies for NaF6 cluster simulations of Na+ hole states in the NaF
      crystal.

PMID- 9943270
TI  - Folded acoustic phonons in (Al,Ga)As quasiperiodic superlattices.

PMID- 9943272
TI  - Defect dynamics and the Staebler-Wronski effect in hydrogenated amorphous
      silicon.

PMID- 9943271
TI  - Transport studies of protonated emeraldine polymer: A granular polymeric metal
      system.

PMID- 9943273
TI  - Evolution upon doping of the pi and sigma bands of poly-(3-methylthiophene)
      grafted on Pt electrodes as studied by near-edge x-ray-absorption fine-structure
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9943275
TI  - Acoustic-phonon transmission in quasiperiodic superlattices.

PMID- 9943274
TI  - Photoreflectance and photoreflectance-excitation spectroscopy of a
      GaAs/Ga0.67Al0.33As multiple-quantum-well structure.

PMID- 9943276
TI  - Direct evidence of the onset of In surface segregation for Co/InP(110).

PMID- 9943278
TI  - Spectral hole burning by population storage in Zeeman sublevels of LaFsub3:Nd3+

PMID- 9943277
TI  - Zone-center phonon frequencies for graphite and graphite intercalation compounds:
      Charge-transfer and intercalate-coupling effects.

PMID- 9943279
TI  - Energy and angular distributions of Rh atoms ejected due to ion bombardment from
      Rh{111}: A theoretical study.

PMID- 9943280
TI  - Impurity energy levels and stability of Cr and Mn ions in cubic BaTiO3.

PMID- 9943281
TI  - Electron-nuclear double resonance of interstitial chromium in silicon.

PMID- 9943282
TI  - EPR of Co2+-doped NiSO4

PMID- 9943283
TI  - Zero-current persistent potential drop across small-capacitance Josephson
      junctions.

PMID- 9943284
TI  - Renormalization method for the resistive transition in Josephson networks.

PMID- 9943285
TI  - Anomalous behavior of superconducting samples with a fixed number of vortices.

PMID- 9943286
TI  - Internal structure of a Landau quasiparticle wave packet.

PMID- 9943287
TI  - Continuous-wave NMR in spin-polarized atomic hydrogen.

PMID- 9943288
TI  - Ginzburg-Landau theory of vortices in superfluid 3He-B.

PMID- 9943289
TI  - Simple model for the equilibrium shape of 4He crystals.

PMID- 9943290
TI  - Influence of magnetic rare-earth ion substitution on the magnetic susceptibility
      of high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9943291
TI  - Oxygen ordering and the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9943293
TI  - Upper bound on the specific-heat jump: Application to the high-Tc oxides.

PMID- 9943292
TI  - Structural properties of Ba2RCu

PMID- 9943294
TI  - Thermodynamic and other properties of La1.85Sr0.15CuO4.

PMID- 9943295
TI  - Upper critical field for a high-Tc electron-phonon superconductor: Regime of Tc/
      omega 1n~1.

PMID- 9943296
TI  - Influence of a magnetic field on the two-dimensional phase transition in thin
      film superconductors.

PMID- 9943297
TI  - Quantum effects and the dissipation by quasiparticle tunneling in arrays of
      Josephson junctions.

PMID- 9943298
TI  - Electronic properties of the half-metallic ferromagnetic NiUSn.

PMID- 9943299
TI  - Temperature dependence of the conductivity and the susceptibility in metallic
      Si:P reanalyzed from the paramagnon point of view.

PMID- 9943300
TI  - ac response near the percolation threshold: Transfer-matrix results in two and
      three dimensions.

PMID- 9943301
TI  - Solid physically adsorbed films: A Potts lattice-gas-model study.

PMID- 9943303
TI  - Square-lattice Ising model in a weak uniform magnetic field: Renormalization
      group analysis.

PMID- 9943302
TI  - Nucleation-field distribution of the Bloch-wall polarization reversal process.

PMID- 9943304
TI  - Commensuration and discommensuration in 2H-TaSe

PMID- 9943305
TI  - Critical behavior of a new class of statistical-mechanical models with continuous
      variables and discretely valued interactions.

PMID- 9943306
TI  - Determination of the glass-forming concentration range in binary alloys from a
      semiempirical theory: Application to Zr-based alloys.

PMID- 9943307
TI  - Binary phase diagrams of H2-He mixtures at high temperature and high pressure.

PMID- 9943308
TI  - Relativistic theory of neutron form factors.

PMID- 9943310
TI  - Brillouin scattering studies of the ferroelastic phase transition in LiCsSO4.

PMID- 9943309
TI  - Relationships between local order and magnetic behavior in amorphous Fe0.30Y0.70:
      Extended x-ray-absorption fine structure and susceptibility.

PMID- 9943311
TI  - Crossover renormalization-group approach to semi-infinite inhomogeneous critical
      behavior.

PMID- 9943312
TI  - Effect of adsorbates on the spin-polarized photoemission of itinerant
      ferromagnets.

PMID- 9943313
TI  - Spin-spin correlations in finite systems with O(n) symmetry: Scaling hypothesis
      and corrections to bulk behavior.

PMID- 9943315
TI  - Classical Heisenberg ferromagnet in two dimensions.

PMID- 9943314
TI  - Local spin and orbital moment in Nd2Fe14B and Y2Fe17.

PMID- 9943316
TI  - Mapping between random central-force networks and random resistor networks.

PMID- 9943317
TI  - Ground state of nuclear spins in fcc metals.

PMID- 9943318
TI  - Synthesis of band and model Hamiltonian theory for hybridizing cerium systems.

PMID- 9943319
TI  - Supersymmetrical approach to critical dynamics of relaxational models.

PMID- 9943320
TI  - Phenomenological theory of the magnetic transitions in CsNiCl3.

PMID- 9943322
TI  - Ferromagnetic random-bond Ising model: Metastable states and complexity of the
      energy surface.

PMID- 9943321
TI  - Calculation of specific heat and susceptibilities with the use of the Trotter
      approximation.

PMID- 9943324
TI  - Optical study of structural phase transition in organic charge-transfer crystals
      K- and Rb-tetracyanoquinodimethane.

PMID- 9943323
TI  - Percolation in spatially disordered systems.

PMID- 9943325
TI  - Elastic behavior of magnetic systems with a narrow twofold-degenerate band.

PMID- 9943326
TI  - Diffusion on fractals with singular waiting-time distribution.

PMID- 9943327
TI  - Separate migration and formation energies of vacancies in aluminum measured by
      NMR.

PMID- 9943328
TI  - Infrared molecular-vibration spectra of tetrathiafulvalene-chloranil crystal at
      low temperature and high pressure.

PMID- 9943329
TI  - Nuclear-magnetic-resonance evidence for a new phase induced by pressure in the
      superionic conductor Li3N.

PMID- 9943330
TI  - X-ray absorption measurements on high-Tc superconductors: Cu-valence and cation
      bond-length effects.

PMID- 9943331
TI  - High-temperature superconductivity in the presence of O 2p-Cu 3d holes: A
      spectroscopic study.

PMID- 9943332
TI  - Unoccupied electronic states and surface phenomena for YBa2Cu3O6.9.

PMID- 9943333
TI  - Oxygen-vacancy behavior in La2-xSrxCuO4-y by positron annihilation and oxygen
      diffusion.

PMID- 9943334
TI  - Microwave study of the high-Tc superconductor La1.8Sr

PMID- 9943335
TI  - Electron tunneling in the high-Tc superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9943336
TI  - Normal-state properties of ABa2Cu3O7-y compounds (A=Y and Gd): Electron-electron
      correlations.

PMID- 9943337
TI  - Thermal conductivity of superconductive Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9943339
TI  - Effects of substitution of O by S and Cu by Fe on superconductivity in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9943338
TI  - Twins and oriented domains in the orthorhombic superconductor YBa2Cu

PMID- 9943341
TI  - Critical fluctuations in high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9943340
TI  - Band-theory analysis of anisotropic transport in La2CuO

PMID- 9943342
TI  - Electron-phonon interaction in two dimensions: The case for strong coupling in
      high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9943343
TI  - Thermodynamic and other properties of a high-Tc excitonic superconductor.

PMID- 9943344
TI  - Superconductivity in shocked Cu2Mo6S8.

PMID- 9943345
TI  - Single-crystal x-ray diffraction of n-H2 at high pressure.

PMID- 9943346
TI  - Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida range function of a one-dimensional free-electron
      gas.

PMID- 9943348
TI  - Comparison of the S=(1/2 xy and antisymmetric exchange chains in an external
      field.

PMID- 9943347
TI  - Series analysis of randomly diluted nonlinear networks with negative nonlinearity
      exponent.

PMID- 9943349
TI  - Remanence on microscopic and macroscopic scales in the reentrant spin glass
      EuxSr1-xS.

PMID- 9943350
TI  - Critical behavior of Young's modulus for two-dimensional randomly holed
      metallized Mylar.

PMID- 9943351
TI  - Gap exponents determined from the pressure measurements of the nonlinear electric
      permittivity for triglycine sulfate in the paraelectric region.

PMID- 9943352
TI  - Erratum: Multilayer phase diagram of CF4 adsorbed on graphite

PMID- 9943353
TI  - Erratum: Crystallographic description of phases in the Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor

PMID- 9943355
TI  - Inverse photoemission studies of the empty electronic states and surface
      stability of La1.85Sr0.15CuO4.

PMID- 9943354
TI  - Valence electronic structure of Y1Ba2Cu

PMID- 9943356
TI  - Reaction and disruption for Fe/La1.85Sr

PMID- 9943358
TI  - Soft x-ray absorption studies on high-Tc superconducting oxides.

PMID- 9943357
TI  - Oxygen withdrawal, copper valency, and interface reaction for
      Fe/La1.85Sr0.15CuO4.

PMID- 9943359
TI  - Effects of oxygen stoichiometry on the electronic structure of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9943360
TI  - Complete absence of isotope effect in YBa2Cu3O7: Consequences for phonon-mediated
      superconductivity.

PMID- 9943362
TI  - Quasiparticle excitations in the superconducting state observed in light
      scattering.

PMID- 9943361
TI  - Positron annihilation in the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+ delta.

PMID- 9943363
TI  - Vibrational spectra and lattice instabilities in the high-Tc superconductors
      YBa2Cu3O7 and GdBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9943364
TI  - Critical fields and the critical current density of La1.85Sr

PMID- 9943366
TI  - Low-field magnetic relaxation effects in high-Tc superconductors Sr-La-Cu-O and
      Ba-La-Cu-O.

PMID- 9943365
TI  - Influence of oxygen defects on the physical properties of La2CuO

PMID- 9943368
TI  - Magnetic ordering in GdBa2(Cu0.94Fe0.06)3O9- delta below the superconducting
      transition temperature.

PMID- 9943367
TI  - Longitudinal and transverse magnetoresistances of YBa2Cu3O7 in very high field up
      to 430 kG.

PMID- 9943370
TI  - Superconducting properties of aligned crystalline grains of Y1Ba2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9943369
TI  - Large anisotropic critical magnetization currents in single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7-
      delta.

PMID- 9943371
TI  - Magnetism and critical fields in the high-Tc superconductors YBa2Cu3O7-xSx
      (x=0,1): An ESR study.

PMID- 9943372
TI  - Magnetic properties of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors.

PMID- 9943374
TI  - Structural and superconducting properties of orientation-ordered Y1Ba2Cu3O7-x
      films prepared by molecular-beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9943373
TI  - Superconductivity in bulk and thin films of La1.85Sr

PMID- 9943375
TI  - Evidence for antiferromagnetic interactions in the high-temperature
      superconductor La1.85Sr

PMID- 9943377
TI  - Linear temperature behavior of the resistivity in the new high-Tc
      superconductors.

PMID- 9943376
TI  - Correlation of Tc with hole concentration in La2-xSrx

PMID- 9943378
TI  - Direct evidence for positron annihilation from shallow traps.

PMID- 9943379
TI  - Local-density prediction of the Fermi surface of UBe13.

PMID- 9943380
TI  - Quasireentrant superconductivity near the metal-insulator transition of granular
      aluminum.

PMID- 9943382
TI  - Spin dynamics of paramagnetic nickel.

PMID- 9943381
TI  - Magnetic phase diagram of the half-filled Hubbard model for a simple cubic
      lattice.

PMID- 9943383
TI  - Structure determination for the intermediate-density S2 monolayer phase of ethane
      physisorbed on graphite.

PMID- 9943384
TI  - Dielectric breakdown in the presence of random conductors.

PMID- 9943385
TI  - Liquid-to-vapor homogeneous nucleation in liquid nitrogen.

PMID- 9943386
TI  - Ce(Cu0.9Ag0.1)6: Highest electronic specific-heat coefficient of the heavy
      fermion systems.

PMID- 9943387
TI  - Frequency and temperature dependence of conduction-electron spin resonance in a
      highly enhanced-susceptibility metal: TiBe2.

PMID- 9943388
TI  - Electron-phonon interaction effects in tantalum.

PMID- 9943389
TI  - All-electron local-density-functional theory of alkali-metal adsorption on
      transition-metal surfaces: Cs on Mo(001).

PMID- 9943390
TI  - Ion energy distributions from photon- and electron-stimulated desorption. II. The
      quasiclassical final state and reneutralization.

PMID- 9943391
TI  - Dephasing and Anderson localization in topologically disordered systems.

PMID- 9943392
TI  - Photoemission investigation of the electronic structure of amorphous and
      crystalline FexZr100-x (x=25,33,91).

PMID- 9943393
TI  - Nucleation calculations in a pair-binding model.

PMID- 9943394
TI  - First-principles calculations of the phase diagrams of noble metals: Cu-Au, Cu
      Ag, and Ag-Au.

PMID- 9943396
TI  - Numerical study of conductance fluctuations in disordered metals.

PMID- 9943395
TI  - Solid-solution strengthening: Substitution of V in Ni3Al and structural stability
      of Ni3(Al,V).

PMID- 9943398
TI  - Transmission and reflection times for scattering of wave packets off tunneling
      barriers.

PMID- 9943397
TI  - Finite-size effects in the electrical conduction of thin wires.

PMID- 9943400
TI  - Electronic mechanism of orthorhombic phase formation in some AIVB

PMID- 9943399
TI  - Three-dimensional quantum-size effect in chemically deposited cadmium selenide
      films.

PMID- 9943401
TI  - Amorphous-silicon formation by rapid quenching: A molecular-dynamics study.

PMID- 9943403
TI  - Phonon-drag effect in TiSe2-xSx mixed compounds.

PMID- 9943402
TI  - Thermal-noise temperature of GaAs heterosystems for steady-state hot-electron
      transport with nonequilibrium phonons.

PMID- 9943404
TI  - Bolometric infrared spectra of (TaSe4)2I.

PMID- 9943405
TI  - Dopant-type effects on the diffusion of deuterium in GaAs.

PMID- 9943406
TI  - Constraint theory and carrier-type reversal in Bi-Ge chalcogenide alloy glasses.

PMID- 9943407
TI  - Electrolyte electroreflectance study of the band offset in a GaAs/Ga0.69Al0.31As
      superlattice.

PMID- 9943408
TI  - Quasichemical approximation in binary alloys.

PMID- 9943409
TI  - Polarization dependence of transient photoconductivity in trans-polyacetylene.

PMID- 9943410
TI  - Absorption spectroscopy on Ga0.47In0.53As/Al0.48LIn0.52As multi-quantum-well
      heterostructures. I. Excitonic transitions.

PMID- 9943411
TI  - Absorption spectroscopy on Ga0.47In0.53As/Al0.48In0.52As multi-quantum-well
      heterostructures. II. Subband structure.

PMID- 9943412
TI  - Raman scattering from superlattices of diluted magnetic semiconductors.

PMID- 9943414
TI  - Electronic excitations in finite and infinite polyenes.

PMID- 9943413
TI  - Theory of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by hopping in p-type Hg1
      xMnxTe in strong magnetic fields.

PMID- 9943415
TI  - Gamma -X mixing in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs and AlxGa1-xAs/AlAs superlattices.

PMID- 9943416
TI  - Tight-binding theory and elastic constants.

PMID- 9943417
TI  - Photoinduced interlayer diffusion in a-Ge/Se multilayers.

PMID- 9943418
TI  - High-temperature mobility of pure n-type InP epitaxial layers.

PMID- 9943419
TI  - Vibrational properties of the amide group in acetanilide: A molecular-dynamics
      study.

PMID- 9943420
TI  - Lattice dynamics of TiC(110) and TiC(111) surfaces.

PMID- 9943421
TI  - "Giant resonances" in luminescence soft-x-ray excitation spectra of phosphors.

PMID- 9943422
TI  - Inverse dielectric response function of a dielectric sphere.

PMID- 9943423
TI  - Evidence of electronic shell structure in RbN + (N=1-100) produced in a liquid
      metal ion source.

PMID- 9943424
TI  - Local-density-functional calculation of electrodynamic surface response.

PMID- 9943425
TI  - Multiphoton excitations in neodymium chlorides.

PMID- 9943426
TI  - He diffraction from W(112): A quantitative analysis.

PMID- 9943427
TI  - Partial densities of states of alloys: Cu3Au.

PMID- 9943428
TI  - Molecular-orbital interaction in isolated transition-metal atoms.

PMID- 9943429
TI  - Electrical transport properties and crystal structure of LiZnAs.

PMID- 9943431
TI  - Atomic reconstruction of the silicon (230) surface.

PMID- 9943430
TI  - Scaling relations between the two- and three-dimensional polarons for static and
      dynamical properties.

PMID- 9943432
TI  - Neutron-diffraction studies of BaC6: c-axis compressibility, carbon-carbon bond
      length, and charge transfer.

PMID- 9943433
TI  - Comment on "Comprehensive analysis of Si-doped AlxGa1-xAs (x=0 to 1): Theory and
      experiments"

PMID- 9943434
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Comprehensive analysis of Si-doped AlxGa1-xAs (x=0 to 1):
      Theory and experiments' "

PMID- 9943435
TI  - Comment on "Self-consistent-average-phonon equation of state. II. Comparison with
      solid-rare-gas experiments"

PMID- 9943436
TI  - Extreme-ultraviolet light emission from 50-MeV H0 impact on aluminum.

PMID- 9943437
TI  - Characteristic times for resonant tunneling in one dimension.

PMID- 9943439
TI  - Verification of the Esbjerg-No

PMID- 9943438
TI  - Effect of partial phase coherence on Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in metal loops.

PMID- 9943440
TI  - Electronic structure of a quasiperiodic system.

PMID- 9943441
TI  - Measurements of surface phonon frequencies on Al(110) for comparison with recent
      ab initio calculations.

PMID- 9943443
TI  - Wave-vector dispersion versus angular-momentum dispersion of collective modes in
      small metal particles.

PMID- 9943442
TI  - Quantitative "local-interference" model for 1/f noise in metal films.

PMID- 9943444
TI  - Formation of large local magnetic moments at the Cr/Au(100) interface: Evidence
      for a diffuse interface.

PMID- 9943446
TI  - Experimental test of the photoemission of adsorbed xenon model.

PMID- 9943445
TI  - Multiple-tip interpretation of anomalous scanning-tunneling-microscopy images of
      layered materials.

PMID- 9943447
TI  - Self-energy corrections in photoemission of Na.

PMID- 9943449
TI  - Thermoelectric power fluctuations.

PMID- 9943448
TI  - Normal versus exchange inelastic electron scattering in metals: Theory and
      experiment.

PMID- 9943450
TI  - Coverage dependence of the work function and charge transfer on the alkali-metal
      jellium surface.

PMID- 9943451
TI  - Universal conductance fluctuations and electron coherence lengths in a narrow two
      dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9943452
TI  - Exciton states in strained quantum wells.

PMID- 9943453
TI  - Percolative aspects in photoconductivity.

PMID- 9943454
TI  - Light-induced changes of phosphorus bonding configurations in hydrogenated
      amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9943455
TI  - Fractional quantum Hall effect in tilted magnetic fields.

PMID- 9943456
TI  - Photocapacitance study of pressure-induced deep donors in GaAs:Si.

PMID- 9943457
TI  - Effects of band structure on the energy exchange rate between quasithermal
      electron and hole distributions in semiconductors.

PMID- 9943459
TI  - Phase transitions in GaSb to 110 GPa (1.1 Mbar).

PMID- 9943458
TI  - Structure of the boron-hydrogen complex in crystalline silicon.

PMID- 9943460
TI  - New optical transitions in strained Si-Ge superlattices.

PMID- 9943462
TI  - Raman scattering by acoustic phonons in Fibonacci GaAs-AlAs superlattices.

PMID- 9943461
TI  - Shubnikov-de Haas effect in submicron-width GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs heterojunction wires.

PMID- 9943463
TI  - Resonance-induced quenching of luminescence and reduction of tunneling time in
      AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs multiple-quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9943465
TI  - Transition from one- to two-dimensional fluctuating variable-range-hopping
      conduction in microstructures.

PMID- 9943464
TI  - Effect of electric fields on excitons in a coupled double-quantum-well structure.

PMID- 9943466
TI  - Structure of laser-pulse-plasma-induced carbon clusters: Explanation of the magic
      numbers.

PMID- 9943467
TI  - ESR study of the electrochemical doping of polyacetylene with potassium.

PMID- 9943469
TI  - Ring exchange and the fractional quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9943468
TI  - Positive-ion production by electron bombardment of alkali halides.

PMID- 9943470
TI  - Hyperfine-field spectrum of epitaxially grown bcc cobalt.

PMID- 9943471
TI  - Secondary relaxations due to fast-ion diffusion in AgI-rich borate glasses
      observed by Brillouin scattering.

PMID- 9943473
TI  - Nonlocal dipole model for the phonon dispersion in diamond-type lattices.

PMID- 9943472
TI  - Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure study of amorphous (NixPt100-x)75P25
      alloys.

PMID- 9943474
TI  - Configurational energies and effective cluster interactions in substitutionally
      disordered binary alloys.

PMID- 9943475
TI  - Conduction-electron Zeeman splitting on the X-pocket holes in platinum.

PMID- 9943476
TI  - Individual formation parameters of charged point defects in ionic crystals:
      Silver chloride.

PMID- 9943478
TI  - Energy-transfer theory for the classical decay rates of molecules at rough
      metallic surfaces.

PMID- 9943477
TI  - Local-density approach for calculation of electron-positron enhancement in
      transition metals.

PMID- 9943480
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission study of the electronic band structure of the
      ZrC(100) surface.

PMID- 9943479
TI  - Thermal desorption of atoms from surfaces.

PMID- 9943481
TI  - Surface segregation and relaxation calculated by the embedded-atom method:
      Application to face-related segregation on platinum-nickel alloys.

PMID- 9943483
TI  - Singular behavior of phonon-phonon interactions in molecular crystals.

PMID- 9943482
TI  - Ab initio calculation of the lattice specific heat of lithium.

PMID- 9943484
TI  - Filling three-dimensional space with tetrahedra: A geometric and crystallographic
      problem.

PMID- 9943485
TI  - Change of the density of electron states caused by the surface of a layered
      crystal structure.

PMID- 9943486
TI  - Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure study of the annealing effect on glassy
      Pd76B24: Comparison with x-ray diffraction and modeling results.

PMID- 9943488
TI  - Conductivity of n-type GaAs near the Mott transition.

PMID- 9943487
TI  - GaSb-InAs-GaSb heterostructures studied under hydrostatic pressure.

PMID- 9943489
TI  - Temperature-dependent interface evolution: Modeling of core-level photoemission
      results for V/Ge(111).

PMID- 9943490
TI  - Core-level binding-energy shifts, thermodynamic predictions, and morphologies for
      metal-Si and metal-Ge interfaces.

PMID- 9943491
TI  - Structure determination of the CoSi2:Si(111) interface by x-ray standing-wave
      analysis.

PMID- 9943492
TI  - Molecular-dynamics simulation of molecular-beam epitaxial growth of the silicon
      (100) surface.

PMID- 9943493
TI  - Renormalization formalism in the theory of the electronic structure of
      superlattices: Application to silicon superlattices.

PMID- 9943494
TI  - Cyclotron-resonance study of nonparabolicity and screening in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs
      heterojunctions.

PMID- 9943495
TI  - Electrodynamics of superlattices: Formalism.

PMID- 9943496
TI  - Effect of an applied magnetic field on interface excitations in finite layered
      structures. II.

PMID- 9943497
TI  - Temperature dependence of the interband critical-point parameters of InP.

PMID- 9943498
TI  - Temperature dependence of the dielectric function and interband critical points
      in silicon.

PMID- 9943499
TI  - Electronic structure of the 2.3149-eV complex defect in Ag-doped ZnTe.

PMID- 9943500
TI  - Effective-mass Hamiltonians for abrupt heterojunctions in three dimensions.

PMID- 9943502
TI  - Electronic properties and optical-absorption spectra of graded-gap GaAs-AlxGa

PMID- 9943501
TI  - Pressure dependence of deep electronic levels in semiconductors: The oxygen
      vacancy pair (or A center) in silicon.

PMID- 9943504
TI  - Light scattering from quantum confined and interface optical vibrational modes in
      strained-layer GaSb/AlSb superlattices.

PMID- 9943503
TI  - Frequency gaps for acoustic phonons in a-Si:H/a-SiNx:H superlattices.

PMID- 9943506
TI  - Multivalley electron gas in a strong magnetic field.

PMID- 9943505
TI  - Self-energy shifts in heavily doped, polar semiconductors.

PMID- 9943507
TI  - Stark shifts on exciton luminescence in quantum wells: Effect of Coulomb
      interaction.

PMID- 9943508
TI  - Phonon modes and Raman scattering in GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs.

PMID- 9943509
TI  - Elastic constants of a superionic alpha -AgI single crystal determined by
      Brillouin scattering.

PMID- 9943511
TI  - Estimate of the barrier to and rate of dissociation of dense nitrogen under shock
      conditions.

PMID- 9943510
TI  - Elastic constants of a solid-electrolyte fcc Li2SO4 single crystal obtained by
      Brillouin scattering.

PMID- 9943512
TI  - Raman scattering study of the high-frequency graphitic intralayer modes in Li
      graphite and the stage dependence of the mode frequency in donor graphite
      intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9943513
TI  - Oblique-incidence absorption spectroscopy studies of the plasmon in potassium
      halides.

PMID- 9943514
TI  - Ionic and superionic conductivities of SrF2 crystals in a wide frequency range.

PMID- 9943515
TI  - Decay of the Na 2p core exciton in sodium halides studied by photoelectron
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9943516
TI  - Exact evaluation of the Kubo formula for boundary resistance.

PMID- 9943517
TI  - Effects of gas-phase collisions on particles rapidly desorbed from surfaces.

PMID- 9943518
TI  - Calculation of the barrier for oxygen incorporation into metal and metal-oxide
      surfaces.

PMID- 9943519
TI  - Dipole radiation in a multilayer geometry.

PMID- 9943520
TI  - Absolute cross sections for hyper-Raman scattering by soft modes in oxygen
      octahedra ferroelectrics.

PMID- 9943521
TI  - pi bonding in the icosahedral C60 cluster.

PMID- 9943522
TI  - Hot-phonon effects in bulk GaAs.

PMID- 9943523
TI  - Comparative investigation of temperature-induced phonon-frequency shifts in CeSn3
      and LaSn3.

PMID- 9943524
TI  - Asymptotic structure of the Slater-exchange potential at metallic surfaces.

PMID- 9943527
TI  - Monte Carlo calculation of the thermal expansion coefficient of Al.

PMID- 9943525
TI  - Separation of plasmon-polariton modes of small metal particles.

PMID- 9943526
TI  - Conductance fluctuations in small disordered conductors: Thin-lead and isolated
      geometries.

PMID- 9943529
TI  - Functionals of the ground-state energy and the band gaps of semiconductors and
      insulators.

PMID- 9943528
TI  - Structure analysis of Ge(111)11-H by low-energy electron diffraction.

PMID- 9943531
TI  - Lattice mechanics of monovalent metal nitrates.

PMID- 9943530
TI  - Ionicity in AIIB

PMID- 9943532
TI  - Electronic structure of the 1.429-eV complex neutral defect in GaAs from tunable
      dye-laser spectroscopy.

PMID- 9943533
TI  - Impact ionization of excitons and electron-hole droplets in silicon.

PMID- 9943534
TI  - PGa-antisite-related neutral complex defect in GaP studied with optically
      detected magnetic resonance.

PMID- 9943535
TI  - Quantum theory of the cyclotron-resonance line shape in the presence of hole
      phonon interactions in p-type multi-quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9943536
TI  - Impurity-shifted polaron energy in semimagnetic Cd1-xMnxTe-CdTe quantum wells.

PMID- 9943537
TI  - Self-consistent calculation of the electronic properties of a selectively doped
      AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs quantum well under high magnetic fields.

PMID- 9943539
TI  - Temporal fluctuations in wave propagation in random media.

PMID- 9943538
TI  - Optical-density effect in heterodyne-detected accumulated photon echo.

PMID- 9943541
TI  - Interaction of slow electrons with density fluctuations in condensed materials:
      Calculation of stopping power.

PMID- 9943540
TI  - Atomic relaxations around vacancy clusters in molybdenum and their effects on
      trapped-positron lifetime.

PMID- 9943542
TI  - Jahn-Teller effect in the emission and excitation spectra of the Sb3+ ion in LPO4
      (L=Sc,Lu,Y).

PMID- 9943544
TI  - Mossbauer effect used to study rare-earth oxides synthesized by a high-pressure
      method.

PMID- 9943543
TI  - Analysis of the net charge-compensation contribution in the fine structure of EPR
      defect centers: Cr3+, Fe3+, and Gd3+ in A2MX4-, AMX3-, and MX2-type crystals.

PMID- 9943545
TI  - Low-temperature ion-beam mixing in metals.

PMID- 9943547
TI  - X-ray-absorption fine-structure study of the A15 superconductors Nb3(Sn,Sb).

PMID- 9943546
TI  - Ginzburg-Landau parameters for an ErRh4B

PMID- 9943548
TI  - Superconductivity and structure in sputtered Nb-Ta multilayers.

PMID- 9943549
TI  - Critical currents in sputtered Nb-Ta multilayers.

PMID- 9943550
TI  - Resonantly enhanced quantum decay: A time-dependent Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin
      approach.

PMID- 9943552
TI  - I-V characteristics of coupled ultrasmall-capacitance normal tunnel junctions.

PMID- 9943551
TI  - Consequences of resonant impurity scattering in anisotropic superconductors:
      Thermal and spin relaxation properties.

PMID- 9943553
TI  - Electronic behavior of oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9943554
TI  - Resistivity of nonmetallic La2-ySryCu1-xLixO4- delta single crystals and
      ceramics.

PMID- 9943555
TI  - Theory of the Hall coefficient of polycrystals: Application to a simple model for
      La2-xMxCuO4 (M=Sr, Ba).

PMID- 9943556
TI  - Valence bands and electron correlation in the high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9943557
TI  - Magnetoresistance as a probe of superconducting islands in La-Sr-Cu-O.

PMID- 9943558
TI  - Dependence of magnetic properties of pellets of nominal composition YBa2Cu

PMID- 9943560
TI  - Lattice-instability-enhanced high-temperature superconductivity for the
      perovskite-family oxides.

PMID- 9943559
TI  - Magnetic form factor of Cu in La2CuO

PMID- 9943562
TI  - Variational theory of superconductivity and application to the low-density
      electron gas.

PMID- 9943561
TI  - Homogeneous nucleation temperature of liquid 3He.

PMID- 9943563
TI  - Domain growth and topological defects in an Ising model with competing
      interactions.

PMID- 9943564
TI  - Monte Carlo study of growth in the two-dimensional spin-exchange kinetic Ising
      model.

PMID- 9943565
TI  - Mean-field model of the Verwey transition in magnetite.

PMID- 9943566
TI  - Concentration inhomogeneities in random magnets. I. Characterization using
      optical birefringence.

PMID- 9943567
TI  - Concentration inhomogeneities in random magnets. II. Effects on critical
      phenomena studies.

PMID- 9943569
TI  - Magnetic field dependence of the spin dynamics in the reentrant spin glass
      Fe70.4Al

PMID- 9943568
TI  - Molecular-dynamics simulation of the structural phase transition in Rb2CaCl4.

PMID- 9943570
TI  - Finite-temperature behavior of the Anderson lattice.

PMID- 9943572
TI  - Neutron-diffraction study of the magnetic ordering in EuAs3, Eu(As1-xPx)3, and
      beta -EuP3.

PMID- 9943571
TI  - Static critical behavior of annealed disordered alloys: Fe1-xVx.

PMID- 9943574
TI  - Paramagnetic form factors for cubic itinerant electron systems.

PMID- 9943573
TI  - First-principles study of the pressure-induced bcc-hcp transition in Ba.

PMID- 9943575
TI  - Random-field effects on the kinetics of a magnetic system with continuous
      symmetry.

PMID- 9943577
TI  - Direct numerical solution of the master-equation transport on disordered lattices
      via the Lanczos algorithm.

PMID- 9943576
TI  - Highly efficient algorithm for percolative transport studies in two dimensions.

PMID- 9943578
TI  - Effective force constant for a central-force random network.

PMID- 9943579
TI  - Fractal model for disordered magnets.

PMID- 9943580
TI  - Anderson localization and interactions in one-dimensional metals.

PMID- 9943582
TI  - Phase transitions in a quasi-two-dimensional XY random magnetic system.

PMID- 9943581
TI  - Coherent Kondo-lattice state and the crossover transitions in the Anderson
      lattice model.

PMID- 9943583
TI  - Formation of deep grooves in directional solidification.

PMID- 9943584
TI  - Integrable spin-1 Heisenberg chain with impurity.

PMID- 9943585
TI  - Band-theoretical study of magnetism in Sc2CuO

PMID- 9943586
TI  - Glass and phase transitions in (KBr)1-x(KCN)x.

PMID- 9943587
TI  - Electron-electron interaction from the pressure dependence of the Mossbauer
      isomer shift of metallic tin.

PMID- 9943588
TI  - Monte Carlo evidence of a phase transition in the two-dimensional step model.

PMID- 9943589
TI  - Magnetic properties of Cu2Zn1-xMnxGeS4: Antiferromagnetic interactions in the
      wurtz-stannite structure.

PMID- 9943590
TI  - Scaling and crossover in a fermion-boson mixture.

PMID- 9943591
TI  - Exact-eigenstates study of the disordered Hubbard model.

PMID- 9943592
TI  - Magnetic exchange in disordered metals.

PMID- 9943594
TI  - Dielectric relaxation thermodynamics: Comparison with experiment.

PMID- 9943593
TI  - Finite-temperature contributions to the specific heat of the electron-phonon
      system.

PMID- 9943595
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility of the Suzuki phase formed in NaCl:Mn2+ in the 0.07-4.2-K
      temperature range.

PMID- 9943597
TI  - Analytic solution of the block-cluster theory of site and bond percolation in
      arbitrary dimension.

PMID- 9943596
TI  - Orbital effects in magnetic dynamics of thulium iron garnets.

PMID- 9943598
TI  - Two-magnon Raman scattering in CdxMn1-xF2 mixed crystals.

PMID- 9943599
TI  - Fluctuation and bifurcation of the path described by generalized random walks.

PMID- 9943600
TI  - Anomalous logarithmic slow-dynamics behavior on hierarchical and random systems.

PMID- 9943602
TI  - Estimation of expectation values formed with Jastrow wave functions.

PMID- 9943601
TI  - Quasi-one-dimensional solid-liquid phase transition in compounds containing
      iodine trimers.

PMID- 9943603
TI  - Structure of icosahedral Al-(M1-xFex) alloys (M= Cr, Mn, or Fe).

PMID- 9943604
TI  - Cu-induced surface disruption of La1.85Sr0.15CuO4.

PMID- 9943605
TI  - Interface formation of semiconductors with high-Tc superconductors:
      Ge/La1.85Sr0.15CuO4.

PMID- 9943606
TI  - Observation of alignment of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 particles in a magnetic
      field using neutron diffraction.

PMID- 9943608
TI  - Model for the role of oxygen defects in oxygen-defect superconductors.

PMID- 9943607
TI  - Size of Josephson junctions in Ba-Y-Cu-O compounds.

PMID- 9943610
TI  - Effect of pair hopping and magnitude of intra-atomic interaction on exchange
      mediated superconductivity.

PMID- 9943609
TI  - Crystal structure of the oxides BaCuGd2O

PMID- 9943611
TI  - Thermodynamic fluctuations in the high-Tc perovskite superconductors.

PMID- 9943612
TI  - Model for the order-disorder transition in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9943613
TI  - Evidence of low-energy tunneling excitations in the high-Tc superconductor
      YBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9943614
TI  - Time-dependent magnetization of a superconducting glass.

PMID- 9943616
TI  - Evidence for possible stable superconductivity at 500 K.

PMID- 9943615
TI  - Heat capacity of the high-temperature superconductor Ba2DyCu

PMID- 9943618
TI  - High-resolution x-ray-scattering study of charge-density-wave modulation in
      chromium.

PMID- 9943617
TI  - Meissner effect up to 300 K in microscopic regions of Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9943619
TI  - Easily evaluated expressions for second and fourth moments of resonant absorption
      spectra for spin systems.

PMID- 9943620
TI  - Phase diagram for a random mixture of competing Ising anisotropies.

PMID- 9943621
TI  - Mooij correlation in disordered metals.

PMID- 9943622
TI  - Comment on "Time decay of the saturated remanent magnetization in a metallic spin
      glass"

PMID- 9943623
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Time decay of the saturated remanent magnetization in a
      metallic spin glass' "

PMID- 9943624
TI  - Gauge theory of high-temperature superconductors and strongly correlated Fermi
      systems.

PMID- 9943625
TI  - Backscattering of high-energy electrons from disordered media: Antienhancement
      due to the spin-orbit interaction.

PMID- 9943626
TI  - Observation of intense two-beam positron diffraction and the precise
      determination of the positron band gap in rare-gas crystals.

PMID- 9943628
TI  - Charged boson condensation in high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9943629
TI  - Electron-phonon interaction in Ba2YCu

PMID- 9943627
TI  - Magnetic ordering of Gd and Cu in superconducting and nonsuperconducting
      GdBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9943630
TI  - High-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O7- delta studied by positron annihilation.

PMID- 9943631
TI  - X-ray and neutron diffracton study of La1Ba2Cu3O9- delta : Influence of the Cu-O
      structure on Tc.

PMID- 9943632
TI  - Thermodynamic fluctuations in the superconductor Y1Ba2Cu3O9-y: Evidence for two
      dimensional superconductivity.

PMID- 9943633
TI  - Millimeter-wave absorption in La-Ba-Cu-O and Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors.

PMID- 9943634
TI  - Critical-magnetic-field anisotropy in single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9943636
TI  - Neutral fermion, charge-e boson excitations in the resonating-valence-bond state
      and superconductivity in La2CuO

PMID- 9943635
TI  - Magnetism and microstructure of YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductors produced by rapid
      solidification.

PMID- 9943637
TI  - High-Tc superconductivity at twin boundaries in a Landau-Ginzburg superconductor
      oxide model.

PMID- 9943638
TI  - Anisotropy in the near-edge absorption fine structure of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9943639
TI  - Determination of the magnetic field penetration depth in superconducting yttrium
      barium copper oxide: Deviations from the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer laws.

PMID- 9943640
TI  - Magnetic screening by a thin superconducting surface layer.

PMID- 9943641
TI  - Destruction of global superconductivity in quench-condensed metal films.

PMID- 9943642
TI  - Universal criterion for the onset of superconductivity in granular films.

PMID- 9943643
TI  - Superconducting energy gap in MBa

PMID- 9943644
TI  - Ground state of the strong-coupling Hubbard Hamiltonian: A numerical
      diagonalization study.

PMID- 9943645
TI  - Quasi-two-dimensional behavior of the surface magnetization in a ferromagnet with
      softened surface exchange.

PMID- 9943646
TI  - Temperature-induced phase transitions in TlReO4: A Raman spectroscopic and x-ray
      diffraction study.

PMID- 9943647
TI  - Enhanced magnetoresistance of ultrathin (Au/Co)n multilayers with perpendicular
      anisotropy.

PMID- 9943648
TI  - Percolation and Cosserat elasticity: Exact results on a deterministic fractal.

PMID- 9943649
TI  - Scenario for the Vogel-Fulcher "law"

PMID- 9943650
TI  - Isotope effect and pressure dependence of the freezing temperature in proton
      glasses.

PMID- 9943651
TI  - Internal modes of a soliton.

PMID- 9943652
TI  - Dendritic solidification of krypton.

PMID- 9943653
TI  - ESR pumping experiments in spin-polarized atomic hydrogen.

PMID- 9943654
TI  - Structural characterization of a high-temperature, ionic conducting ceramic using
      perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy.

PMID- 9943655
TI  - EPR in dysprosium aluminum garnet at far-infrared frequencies.

PMID- 9943656
TI  - Model calculations of the static distribution of the electric-field-gradient
      tensor elements in substitutionally disordered Rb1-x(NH4)XH2PO4.

PMID- 9943657
TI  - Positron annihilation spectroscopy of methane monolayers adsorbed on graphite.

PMID- 9943658
TI  - Helicon-excited electron paramagnetic resonance in Hg1-xMnxSe.

PMID- 9943659
TI  - Evidence of g=2.013 defect centers in a-Si:H.

PMID- 9943660
TI  - Paramagnetic resonance hyperfine structure of hexachloroprotactinate(IV).

PMID- 9943661
TI  - Modulated adiabatic passage of oriented nuclei. I. The theory.

PMID- 9943662
TI  - Modulated adiabatic passage of oriented nuclei. II. Experimental results for CoFe
      alloys.

PMID- 9943664
TI  - Spectral dimensionality of random superconducting networks.

PMID- 9943663
TI  - Calculations of the shear modulus of a two-dimensional quantum solid.

PMID- 9943665
TI  - Dilute Bose gas in two dimensions.

PMID- 9943666
TI  - Tight-binding study of the electron-phonon interaction in bcc transition metals
      and alloys.

PMID- 9943667
TI  - Single-particle orbitals in liquid-helium drops.

PMID- 9943669
TI  - Magnetic anisotropy of the organic tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene salts
      (TMTSF)2X (X=ClO

PMID- 9943668
TI  - Iterative analytic continuation of the electron self-energy to the real axis.

PMID- 9943670
TI  - Inelastic scattering and pair breaking in anisotropic and isotropic
      superconductors.

PMID- 9943671
TI  - Solutions of the magnetic Eliashberg equations for heavy-fermion superconductors.

PMID- 9943672
TI  - Phonon velocity and atomic interaction in superfluid 4He.

PMID- 9943674
TI  - NMR in superfluid 3He in a confined geometry.

PMID- 9943673
TI  - Quasiparticle density of states for a spin-glass superconductor.

PMID- 9943675
TI  - Andreev reflection and geometrical resonance effects for a gradual variation of
      the pair potential near the normal-metal-superconductor interface.

PMID- 9943676
TI  - Fermion simulations in systems with negative weights.

PMID- 9943677
TI  - Superconductivity of divalent Chevrel phases at very high pressures.

PMID- 9943678
TI  - Possible determination of spin-orbit coupling in a heavy-fermion liquid by
      longitudinal sound velocity in the presence of a magnetic field.

PMID- 9943679
TI  - Exact and numerical study of the effective hopping of a particle interacting with
      a fermionic bath in one dimension.

PMID- 9943681
TI  - X-ray studies of high-temperature defects in concentrated isotopic helium solid
      solutions.

PMID- 9943680
TI  - Superconducting microcircuit and fluxoid quantization: A new quantum
      interferometer.

PMID- 9943682
TI  - Pairing in the two-dimensional Hubbard model: A Monte Carlo study.

PMID- 9943683
TI  - Superconducting transition temperatures of strongly coupled electron-boson
      systems: A self-consistent method for fluctuation from the Bardeen-Cooper
      Schrieffer limit to the bipolaronic limit.

PMID- 9943684
TI  - Theory of the superconducting proximity effect near the critical temperature.

PMID- 9943685
TI  - Green's-function theory of the superconducting proximity effect.

PMID- 9943686
TI  - Evidence for double valence fluctuation in metallic oxides of lead.

PMID- 9943688
TI  - Thermodynamic properties and superconducting transition temperature of vanadium
      doped with heavy impurities.

PMID- 9943687
TI  - X-ray study of the incommensurate modulation of the organic superconductor beta 
      di

PMID- 9943689
TI  - Effects of Ni-to-Cu substitution on the properties of the high-Tcsuperconductor
      La1.85Sr0.15CuO4-y.

PMID- 9943690
TI  - X-ray photoemission, bremsstrahlung isochromat, Auger-electron, and optical
      spectroscopy studies of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films.

PMID- 9943691
TI  - Raman scattering from high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9943692
TI  - Domain and crystal structure of superconducting Ba2YCu

PMID- 9943693
TI  - Evidence for holes on oxygen sites in the high-Tc superconductors La2-xSrx

PMID- 9943694
TI  - Photoemission studies of high-temperature superconductors YBa2Cu3O7- delta,
      GdBa2Cu3O7- delta, and EuBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9943695
TI  - Phonons in YBa2Cu3O7- delta -type materials.

PMID- 9943696
TI  - Effect of HCl on the normal magnetic susceptibility of YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9943697
TI  - Superconductivity and crystal structure in the La-Ba-Cu-O system.

PMID- 9943698
TI  - Spin gap and symmetry breaking in CuO2 layers and other antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9943699
TI  - Exact solutions for Ising-model even-number correlations on planar lattices.

PMID- 9943701
TI  - Phase transitions in a compressible antiferromagnet with biquadratic coupling.

PMID- 9943700
TI  - Real-space renormalization-group study of fractal Ising models.

PMID- 9943702
TI  - Spin dynamics of EuO in the paramagnetic phase.

PMID- 9943704
TI  - Spin-disorder resistivity in the paramagnetic state of the heavy rare-earth
      dihydrides.

PMID- 9943703
TI  - Optical properties of aggregate clusters.

PMID- 9943705
TI  - Structure of asymmetric small-angle grain boundaries.

PMID- 9943706
TI  - Wetting transitions near Tc for marginal and supermarginal potential ranges.

PMID- 9943707
TI  - Surface critical behavior of tricritical systems.

PMID- 9943708
TI  - Growth of an orientationally ordered incommensurate potassium overlayer and its
      order-disorder transition on the Cu(111) surface.

PMID- 9943709
TI  - Theoretical spin-orbit coupling constants for 3d ions in crystals.

PMID- 9943711
TI  - Micromagnetic stability criterion for inhomogeneous magnetization distributions.

PMID- 9943710
TI  - Reentrant spin-glass-like behavior as a consequence of constrained dynamics of
      magnetic clusters: A case study of Fe1.4Ru1.6Si.

PMID- 9943712
TI  - Dilatometric study of critical behavior in CsPbCl3: Bicritical point at 41
      degreesC.

PMID- 9943714
TI  - Spin-injection experiment.

PMID- 9943713
TI  - Coupling of electronic charge and spin at a ferromagnetic-paramagnetic metal
      interface.

PMID- 9943715
TI  - Evidence for nuclear-spin order in double-hcp praseodymium by neutron
      diffraction.

PMID- 9943716
TI  - Mean-field soft-spin Potts glass model: Statics and dynamics.

PMID- 9943717
TI  - Translational-rotational modes in noncentrosymmetric lattices: A lattice
      dynamical interpretation of the phenanthrene phase transition.

PMID- 9943719
TI  - Character of the alpha - beta phase transition in solid oxygen.

PMID- 9943718
TI  - Giant magnetic Gruneisen parameters in nearly ferromagnetic and heavy-fermion
      systems.

PMID- 9943720
TI  - Preservation of the free energy in a Migdal-Kadanoff approximation for the spin
      1/2 anisotropic Heisenberg model.

PMID- 9943722
TI  - Theory of magnetic polarons in antiferromagnetic semiconductors.

PMID- 9943721
TI  - Quantum and thermal fluctuations of the anisotropic two-dimensional electron gas
      in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9943724
TI  - Susceptibility formalism for magnetic and quadrupolar interactions in hexagonal
      and tetragonal rare-earth compounds.

PMID- 9943723
TI  - Spin waves of two-sublattice Heisenberg ferrimagnets.

PMID- 9943725
TI  - Magnetic phase diagram of FeCl2

PMID- 9943726
TI  - Critical behavior of the electrical resistance of very thin Cr films.

PMID- 9943727
TI  - Microscopic theory of spin-wave instabilities in parallel-pumped easy-plane
      ferromagnets.

PMID- 9943728
TI  - Three-body-exchange interaction in dense rare gases.

PMID- 9943729
TI  - Triple-point wetting of H2 films adsorbed on silver.

PMID- 9943731
TI  - Magnetic properties of a three-dimensional Ising crystal with zero-point entropy.

PMID- 9943730
TI  - Vectorized Monte Carlo simulation of large Ising models near the critical point.

PMID- 9943732
TI  - Optical studies of thermal cycling and hysteresis effects in elastic order
      disorder phase transformations. I. Pure alkali-metal cyanide crystals.

PMID- 9943733
TI  - Optical studies of thermal cycling and hysteresis effects in elastic order
      disorder phase transformations. II. Cyanide-diluted and mixed alkali-metal
      cyanide crystals.

PMID- 9943734
TI  - Thermodynamic behavior of random-field Ising ferromagnets.

PMID- 9943735
TI  - Derivation and generalization of the Suhl spin-wave instability relations.

PMID- 9943736
TI  - First-principles electronic-structure approach for phase diagrams of binary
      alloys.

PMID- 9943737
TI  - Determination of the crossover exponent in the random-field system MnxZn

PMID- 9943738
TI  - Computer simulation of the Heisenberg spin glass with Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya
      Yosida-like coupling.

PMID- 9943739
TI  - Elastic fracture in random materials.

PMID- 9943741
TI  - New approach to localization: Quantum connectivity.

PMID- 9943740
TI  - Monte Carlo study of relaxation and diffusion in glassy systems.

PMID- 9943742
TI  - Susceptibility of Si:P across the metal-insulator transition. I. Diamagnetism.

PMID- 9943744
TI  - Combined band-structure and Kondo-collapse calculations of the gamma - alpha
      transition in cerium.

PMID- 9943743
TI  - Susceptibility of Si:P across the metal-insulator transition. II. Evidence for
      local moments in the metallic phase.

PMID- 9943745
TI  - Percolation of elastic networks under tension.

PMID- 9943746
TI  - Relaxation of charge-density-wave metastable states at T<4.2 K in NbSe3 as
      evidenced in the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations.

PMID- 9943747
TI  - Heavy-fermion system: An exact many-body solution to a periodic-cluster Hubbard
      model.

PMID- 9943749
TI  - Magnetic moments and Pu form factor in PuFe2.

PMID- 9943748
TI  - Theoretical model for the hcp-bcc transition in Mg.

PMID- 9943750
TI  - Edge melting in two-dimensional solid films.

PMID- 9943751
TI  - Correlations in the one-dimensional almost-half-filled band Hubbard model in the
      large-U limit.

PMID- 9943752
TI  - Electronic structure and magnetic properties of 3d impurities in ferromagnetic
      metals.

PMID- 9943754
TI  - Numerical studies of Ising spin glasses in two, three, and four dimensions.

PMID- 9943753
TI  - Electronic structure and magnetic properties of 3d impurities in
      antiferromagnetic metals.

PMID- 9943755
TI  - Exact results for the site-dilute antiferromagnetic Ising model on finite
      triangular lattices.

PMID- 9943756
TI  - Experimental and theoretical study of the Raman spectrum in KTa1-xNbxO3 solid
      solutions.

PMID- 9943757
TI  - Current-dependent resistance of dilute switching networks.

PMID- 9943758
TI  - Pressure, substitution, and magnetic-field dependence of the valence phase
      transition in Yb0.4In

PMID- 9943760
TI  - Effects of quasiparticle screening on collective modes. II. Superconductors.

PMID- 9943759
TI  - Third-sound velocity measurements in layered mixture films.

PMID- 9943762
TI  - Observation of positional disorder in LiNaSO4 crystals by the electron spin
      resonance of the SO4- free radicals.

PMID- 9943761
TI  - Reentrant phase transitions in a quantum spin system with random fields.

PMID- 9943763
TI  - Ferromagnetism of composites with two interfaces.

PMID- 9943764
TI  - Transport coefficients of Lennard-Jones fluids: A molecular-dynamics and
      effective-hard-sphere treatment.

PMID- 9943765
TI  - Finite-size studies of the neutral-ionic transition in organic mixed-stack
      compounds.

PMID- 9943766
TI  - Dynamics of roughening and complete wetting.

PMID- 9943767
TI  - Porosity fluctuations, tortuosity fluctuations, and other types of fluctuations:
      Long-time tails and localization in porous media.

PMID- 9943768
TI  - Exact decimation approach to the Green's functions of the Fibonacci-chain
      quasicrystal.

PMID- 9943769
TI  - Two-dimensional Hubbard model with strong electron repulsion.

PMID- 9943770
TI  - Conformal field theory and the Au(110) (1 x 2)-to-(1 x 1) phase transition.

PMID- 9943772
TI  - Zero-temperature phase diagram of mixed-stack charge-transfer crystals.

PMID- 9943771
TI  - Effective-field renormalization-group study for the diluted Ising model.

PMID- 9943774
TI  - Spin-Peierls transition in Heisenberg chains with quantum spin.

PMID- 9943773
TI  - Fictitious spin-(1/2 operators and multitransition nuclear relaxation in solids:
      General theory.

PMID- 9943775
TI  - Model for a glassy adsorbate: Two-level systems and specific heat.

PMID- 9943776
TI  - Reanalysis of the condensate fraction for 4He from neutron scattering data.

PMID- 9943777
TI  - 13C solid-state NMR study of polyacenic materials.

PMID- 9943778
TI  - Angular dependence of Hc3 for an anisotropic superconductor with proximity
      effect.

PMID- 9943779
TI  - Structural phase transition and structure refinement of triclinic EuMo6S8 at 14 K
      studied by x-ray powder diffraction.

PMID- 9943780
TI  - Antiferromagnetic resonance in La2-x

PMID- 9943781
TI  - Effect of sulfur on the superconductivity of RBa

PMID- 9943782
TI  - Electronic structure of fluorinated YBa2Cu

PMID- 9943784
TI  - Thermal diffuse scattering of YBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9943783
TI  - Transport critical current in rare-earth-substituted superconductors RBa

PMID- 9943785
TI  - Decay of trapped flux in the high-Tc superconducting compound Y1Ba2Cu3O6.5+
      delta.

PMID- 9943787
TI  - Photon-stimulated desorption of O2 from YBa2Cu

PMID- 9943786
TI  - Coherent twin boundaries in high-Tc superconducting oxides.

PMID- 9943788
TI  - Structure of the high-Tc superconductor Ba2YCu3Ox at 750 degreesC using neutron
      diffraction.

PMID- 9943789
TI  - Crossover of the spectral weight function: A new interpretation of some neutron
      scattering data.

PMID- 9943790
TI  - Size effect on the ferroelectric phase transition in PbTiO3 ultrafine particles.

PMID- 9943791
TI  - Strain-induced quadrupolar ordering of dipole-glass-like K1-xLixTaO3.

PMID- 9943792
TI  - Existence of a limiting distribution for disordered electronic conductors.

PMID- 9943793
TI  - Magnetic phase diagrams of diluted fcc antiferromagnets CopMg1-pO and EupSr1-pTe.

PMID- 9943794
TI  - Ferromagnetic resonance study of Ni79Mn

PMID- 9943796
TI  - Domain-wall pinning in the incommensurate phase of sodium nitrite.

PMID- 9943795
TI  - Temperature dependence of the phase diagram of Cl/Ag(100).

PMID- 9943797
TI  - Renormalization group and fractal cluster model of spin glasses.

PMID- 9943798
TI  - Field-dependent susceptibility of a paramagnet.

PMID- 9943800
TI  - Erratum: Critical behavior of coupled XY models

PMID- 9943799
TI  - Magnetic splitting of energy bands.

PMID- 9943801
TI  - Resonant-valence-bond state on a finite cluster.

PMID- 9943803
TI  - Superconductivity in a quasi-two-dimensional Bose gas.

PMID- 9943802
TI  - Proportionality of the Mn2+ g shift to the magnetization of the Ni2+ host lattice
      in the electron paramagnetic resonance of Mn2+-doped NiK2(SO4)2

PMID- 9943804
TI  - Interlayer pair hopping: Superconductivity from the resonating-valence-bond
      state.

PMID- 9943805
TI  - Anomalous ultrasound propagation in the high-Tc superconductors: La1.8Sr0.2CuO4-y
      and YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9943807
TI  - High-resolution heat capacity of YBa2Cu3O6.9 over the superconducting transition
      region.

PMID- 9943806
TI  - Oxygen-vacancy-formation enthalpy in YBa2(Cu0.985Fe0.015)3O7- delta oxide
      superconductor.

PMID- 9943809
TI  - Electronic anisotropy in single-crystal La2CuO

PMID- 9943808
TI  - Ba2-xLaxYCu3O7+/- delta perovskite compounds: Crystal chemistry.

PMID- 9943810
TI  - Raman scattering from superconducting gap excitations in single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7
      delta.

PMID- 9943811
TI  - Thermopower and the electron-phonon interaction in high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9943812
TI  - Electric-field-gradient-tensor study in YBa2Cu3O7- delta high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9943813
TI  - Role of bond lengths in the 90-K superconductor: A neutron powder-diffraction
      study of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9943814
TI  - Small oxygen isotope shift in YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9943815
TI  - Microwave absorption studies of Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9943816
TI  - Acoustic plasmons in a coupled array of sheets and chains and their role in
      YBa2Cu

PMID- 9943817
TI  - Superfluid density tensor in unconventional superconductors.

PMID- 9943818
TI  - Measurement of the effect of moderate dissipation on macroscopic quantum
      tunneling.

PMID- 9943820
TI  - Magnetic channel of the Kapitza resistance for a dilute 3He-4He solution at
      temperatures below 1 mK.

PMID- 9943819
TI  - Phase transition of dissipative Josephson arrays in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9943821
TI  - Lifshitz-Allen-Cahn domain-growth kinetics of Ising models with conserved
      density.

PMID- 9943822
TI  - Positional disorder in Josephson-junction arrays: Experiments and simulations.

PMID- 9943823
TI  - Ce valence mixing and strong 3d antiferromagnetism in CeMn2Si

PMID- 9943825
TI  - Monte Carlo simulations of the spin-(1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a square
      lattice.

PMID- 9943824
TI  - Wetting phenomena with long-range forces: Exact results for the solid-on-solid
      model with the 1/r substrate potential.

PMID- 9943826
TI  - First-principles study of ordering properties of substitutional alloys using the
      generalized perturbation method.

PMID- 9943827
TI  - Monte Carlo determination of the critical temperature for the two-dimensional XY
      model.

PMID- 9943828
TI  - CuCo: A new surface Kondo system.

PMID- 9943829
TI  - Dynamics in multiplicative processes.

PMID- 9943830
TI  - Rare-gas impurities in alkali metals: Relation to optical absorption.

PMID- 9943831
TI  - 3d transition metals on InP(110): A comparative study of reactive interface
      evolution.

PMID- 9943832
TI  - Detection of short- and long-range order in Cu-Pt alloys.

PMID- 9943833
TI  - Asymmetric x-ray diffraction by strained crystal wafers: 8 x 8-matrix dynamical
      theory.

PMID- 9943834
TI  - Defect production in Bi and dilute alloys irradiated by electrons.

PMID- 9943835
TI  - Persistent currents in small one-dimensional metal rings.

PMID- 9943836
TI  - Electronic Raman scattering from spherical particles.

PMID- 9943838
TI  - Effect of atomic order on the electrical resistivity of CoxFe

PMID- 9943837
TI  - Extended one-dimensional Hubbard model: A small-cluster approach.

PMID- 9943839
TI  - Influence of stoichiometry on defect-related phenomena in LiNbO3.

PMID- 9943840
TI  - Static and dynamic properties of the classical XY chain in a transverse magnetic
      field.

PMID- 9943841
TI  - Time evolution of a Bloch electron in a constant electric field.

PMID- 9943842
TI  - Optical-transition-matrix elements between localized electronic states in
      disordered one-dimensional systems.

PMID- 9943843
TI  - Surface barrier for electrons in metals.

PMID- 9943844
TI  - Relationship between defect energies and embedded-atom-method parameters.

PMID- 9943845
TI  - Inelastic processes in extended x-ray-absorption fine structure.

PMID- 9943846
TI  - Diagonalization of large matrices in pseudopotential band-structure calculations:
      Dual-space formalism.

PMID- 9943848
TI  - Effect of hole-induced shakedown in the Auger spectrum of lanthanum.

PMID- 9943847
TI  - Effects of various cover electrodes on the tunneling characteristics of Mg-MgO
      metal junctions.

PMID- 9943850
TI  - Hydrogen adsorption on Al(100).

PMID- 9943849
TI  - Cyclotron-resonance studies of electronic properties in ZnSe.

PMID- 9943851
TI  - Energetics of charged metallic particles: From atom to bulk solid.

PMID- 9943852
TI  - Two-terminal resistance of quantum Hall devices.

PMID- 9943853
TI  - Nonretarded hydrodynamic-model calculation of second-harmonic generation at a
      metal surface.

PMID- 9943855
TI  - Fluctuation properties of thermal solitons.

PMID- 9943854
TI  - Anomalous optical properties of liquid Hg.

PMID- 9943856
TI  - Structure of an icosahedral Al-Mn quasicrystal.

PMID- 9943858
TI  - Quasicrystals, crystalline phases, and multiple twins in rapidly solidified Al-Cr
      alloys.

PMID- 9943857
TI  - Surface properties and electronic structure of amorphous Zr75Ni25 and Zr75Ni25
      hydride studied by photoemission.

PMID- 9943859
TI  - Optical study of electron backdonation and localized states in the metal-ammonia
      layers of K(NH3)xC24.

PMID- 9943860
TI  - Comparative study of Ag growth on (111) Au and Cu substrates.

PMID- 9943861
TI  - Quantum origin of half-flux oscillations in the magnetoresistance of metal
      cylinders.

PMID- 9943862
TI  - Extended x-ray bremsstrahlung isochromat of Pd.

PMID- 9943863
TI  - Local density of states in double-barrier resonant-tunneling structures.

PMID- 9943864
TI  - Electronic properties of a realistic model of amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9943866
TI  - Semiconductor alloy theory: Internal strain energy and bulk modulus.

PMID- 9943865
TI  - Spectroscopic determination of the band discontinuity in GaSb/AlSb multiple
      quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9943867
TI  - Theory of hot-electron energy loss in polar semiconductors: Role of plasmon
      phonon coupling.

PMID- 9943869
TI  - Determination of the atomic structure of the epitaxial CoSi2:Si(111) interface
      using high-resolution Rutherford backscattering.

PMID- 9943868
TI  - Structural correlations in silicon microclusters.

PMID- 9943870
TI  - Magnetic properties of EuTe-PbTe superlattices.

PMID- 9943871
TI  - Effects of the Hubbard interaction and electrostatic pinning in polyacetylene.

PMID- 9943872
TI  - Optically detected magnetic resonance of native defects in AlxGa

PMID- 9943874
TI  - Analysis of d-core excitons and interband transitions in synchrotron-radiation
      reflectance spectra of Cd1-xMnxTe and Cd1-xZnxTe within the energy range from 11
      to 20 eV.

PMID- 9943873
TI  - Experimental exciton binding energies in GaAs/AlxGa

PMID- 9943875
TI  - Theory of electronic, vibrational, and superconducting properties of fcc silicon.

PMID- 9943876
TI  - Fractal geometry of electron orbits in random systems with strong magnetic field.

PMID- 9943877
TI  - Interaction of deuterium with defects in silicon studied by means of channeling.

PMID- 9943878
TI  - Analysis of photoassisted thermal recovery of metastable EL2 defects in GaAs.

PMID- 9943879
TI  - Phonon-drag effect in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures at very low temperatures.

PMID- 9943880
TI  - Raman scattering from GaSb/AlSb superlattices: Acoustic, optical, and interface
      vibrational modes.

PMID- 9943881
TI  - Resonant Raman study of the LO-phonon energy fluctuation in III-V alloy
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9943882
TI  - Conduction-band nonparabolicity in p-type quantum wells and Fourier determination
      of the hole wave functions by resonant Raman scattering.

PMID- 9943884
TI  - Cleavage faces of wurtzite CdS and CdSe: Surface relaxation and electronic
      structure.

PMID- 9943883
TI  - Theoretical possibilities for the Peierls instability in polyalkylsilene.

PMID- 9943885
TI  - Band structure of compensated n-i-p-i superlattices.

PMID- 9943886
TI  - Exchange effects on excitons in quantum wells.

PMID- 9943887
TI  - Transmutation-induced tritium in LiNbO3 single crystals.

PMID- 9943889
TI  - Amplitude mode in K2SeO

PMID- 9943888
TI  - Scattering of electromagnetic waves by rough dielectric surfaces.

PMID- 9943890
TI  - Hydrogen diffusion in the metallic glass a-Zr

PMID- 9943891
TI  - Origin of graphitic bands in graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9943892
TI  - Nonlinear susceptibilities as a function of several complex angular-frequency
      variables.

PMID- 9943893
TI  - Modification of SiO through room-temperature plasma treatments, rapid thermal
      annealings, and laser irradiation in a nonoxidizing atmosphere.

PMID- 9943894
TI  - Pressure dependence of the optical-absorption edge of solid hydrogen in a diamond
      anvil cell.

PMID- 9943895
TI  - Elastic constants of alpha '-phase PdHx over the temperature range 4-300 K.

PMID- 9943897
TI  - Variational approximation of the electronic density profile at the surface of
      jellium.

PMID- 9943896
TI  - Multiple-scattering approach to the x-ray-absorption spectra of perovskite-type
      compounds.

PMID- 9943898
TI  - Twinning and symmetry.

PMID- 9943900
TI  - Structure and self-similarity of silica aerogels.

PMID- 9943899
TI  - Precursor molecular-oxygen state in the initial catalytic oxidation of the
      InP(110) surface modified by alkali metals.

PMID- 9943902
TI  - Refractive index of rare-gas liquids: First-principles calculation.

PMID- 9943901
TI  - Ab initio pseudopotential-local-density description of the structural properties
      of small carbon clusters.

PMID- 9943904
TI  - High-pressure study of alpha -quartz GeO2 using extended x-ray-absorption fine
      structure.

PMID- 9943903
TI  - Thermodynamic criterion for the analysis of point-defect data in solids.

PMID- 9943905
TI  - Optical absorption of the soliton lattice in polyacetylene reexamined.

PMID- 9943906
TI  - Surface phonon dispersion on Al(100).

PMID- 9943907
TI  - Resistance fluctuations in multiprobe microstructures: Length dependence and
      nonlocality.

PMID- 9943908
TI  - Experimental evidence for the existence of enhanced density of states and
      canonical spin-glass behavior in Al-Mn (-Si) quasicrystals.

PMID- 9943910
TI  - Dependence of tracer diffusion on atomic size in amorphous Ni-Zr.

PMID- 9943909
TI  - Soft-x-ray, heat-capacity, and transport measurements on icosahedral and
      crystalline alloys.

PMID- 9943911
TI  - Electronic anisotropy of nonlinear properties in the low-temperature sliding
      charge-density-wave state of K0.3MoO

PMID- 9943912
TI  - Thermoelectric fluctuations in multilead devices.

PMID- 9943913
TI  - Flux-cancellation effect on narrow-channel magnetoresistance fluctuations.

PMID- 9943914
TI  - One-dimensional subbands of narrow electron channels in gated AlxGa

PMID- 9943915
TI  - Effect of substitutional impurities on the low-temperature specific heat of
      (TaSe4)2I.

PMID- 9943916
TI  - "Forbidden" electronic- and nuclear-spin transitions in optically detected
      magnetic resonance spectra of deep complex defects in GaP.

PMID- 9943917
TI  - Growth mechanism for molecular-beam epitaxy of group-IV semiconductors.

PMID- 9943918
TI  - Thermal decomposition of a silicon-fluoride adlayer: Evidence for spatially
      inhomogeneous removal of a single monolayer of the silicon substrate.

PMID- 9943919
TI  - Neutron irradiation effects on the infrared absorption of the EL2 defect in GaAs:
      New interpretation for the intracenter transition.

PMID- 9943920
TI  - Scanning tunneling microscopy of 1T-TiSe2 and 1T-TiS2 at 77 and 4.2 K.

PMID- 9943921
TI  - Band-structure effects on the femtosecond energy relaxation of photoexcited
      electrons in AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9943922
TI  - Quantitative analysis of EPR and electron-nuclear double resonance spectra of D
      centers in amorphous silicon: Dangling versus floating bonds.

PMID- 9943923
TI  - Structural dissimilarities between small II-VI compound clusters: MgO and CaO.

PMID- 9943924
TI  - Multiplet structure in the L2,3 x-ray-absorption spectra: A fingerprint for high-
      and low-spin Ni2+ compounds.

PMID- 9943926
TI  - Transmutation of the vicinal surface exponent due to gravity.

PMID- 9943925
TI  - Effect of Sm valence changes on photoemission spectra.

PMID- 9943927
TI  - Method for analyzing the ground state of intermediate-valence systems:
      Application to metallic SmS.

PMID- 9943928
TI  - Effect of scattering on the dynamic localization of a particle in a time
      dependent electric field.

PMID- 9943929
TI  - Origins of the universal binding-energy relation.

PMID- 9943931
TI  - Zone-center gap in the frequency spectrum of a commensurate monolayer.

PMID- 9943930
TI  - Effect of impurity interaction on the Anderson localization.

PMID- 9943932
TI  - Thermoelectric power in disordered electronic systems near the Anderson
      transition.

PMID- 9943934
TI  - Epitaxial growth of fcc Cr on Au(100).

PMID- 9943933
TI  - Inertial transient dynamics of sliding charge-density-wave systems.

PMID- 9943935
TI  - Conductivity of Kondo-type systems in the presence of crystal fields.

PMID- 9943936
TI  - Surface electronic structure: Embedded self-consistent calculations.

PMID- 9943937
TI  - Long-range correlations in disordered metals.

PMID- 9943938
TI  - Nonlocal corrections to Fresnel optics: Model calculations from first principles
      for flat jellium.

PMID- 9943939
TI  - Slow quenches of high-quality single crystals of platinum and palladium.

PMID- 9943940
TI  - Electronic-structure study of Ni81Cr15B4 metallic glass using photoemission
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9943941
TI  - Shakeup in soft-x-ray emission. I. The low-energy tail.

PMID- 9943942
TI  - Shakeup in soft-x-ray emission. II. Plasmon satellites and x-ray photoemission
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9943943
TI  - Atom scattering from surface Einstein modes.

PMID- 9943944
TI  - Magnetism, electronic structure, and Fermi surface of Ni3Al.

PMID- 9943945
TI  - Optics of multilayered conducting systems: Normal modes of periodic
      superlattices.

PMID- 9943946
TI  - Momentum density of vanadium: A reconstruction from two-dimensional positron
      annihilation data.

PMID- 9943948
TI  - Theory of transport properties of random alloys.

PMID- 9943947
TI  - Temperature dependence of energy and entropy of formation of self-interstitials
      in Cu.

PMID- 9943949
TI  - Nonlocal response of a small coated sphere.

PMID- 9943950
TI  - Resonance Raman spectrum of HfS2 and ZrS2.

PMID- 9943951
TI  - Hydrogen diffusion in bcc TiHx and Ti1-yVy

PMID- 9943952
TI  - Compton profile of palladium.

PMID- 9943954
TI  - Ordered-vacancy-compound semiconductors: Pseudocubic CdIn2Se4.

PMID- 9943953
TI  - Magnetic moments and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy splittings in Fe 3s core
      levels of materials containing Fe.

PMID- 9943955
TI  - Inversion asymmetry and hole magnetooptics in zinc-blende semiconductors.

PMID- 9943956
TI  - Convenient expressions of diffusion coefficients for free electrons in gases in
      the presence of Ramsauer effects.

PMID- 9943957
TI  - Screening and exciton binding in multiple quantum wells.

PMID- 9943958
TI  - State and motion of hydrogen in crystalline silicon.

PMID- 9943959
TI  - Structural and electronic properties of epitaxial thin-layer SinGen
      superlattices.

PMID- 9943961
TI  - Chalcogens in germanium.

PMID- 9943960
TI  - Evaluation of total and partial structure factors, self-diffusion coefficients,
      and compressibilities of the cadmium-gallium melt.

PMID- 9943962
TI  - Schottky-barrier heights of transition-metal-silicide-silicon contacts studied by
      x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.

PMID- 9943963
TI  - Photo-Hall investigation of p-type HgTe-CdTe superlattices.

PMID- 9943964
TI  - Electron-hole scattering in GaAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9943965
TI  - Polaron Landau levels in InSb: A study of the influence of band nonparabolicity.

PMID- 9943966
TI  - Density of states for an electron in a correlated Gaussian random potential:
      Theory of the Urbach tail.

PMID- 9943967
TI  - Effects of an optical phonon on excitons in quantum wells.

PMID- 9943968
TI  - Thermodynamic properties of Si-Ge alloys.

PMID- 9943969
TI  - New empirical approach for the structure and energy of covalent systems.

PMID- 9943970
TI  - Behavior of electron gas in selectively doped GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs multiple-quantum
      well structures by Raman scattering.

PMID- 9943971
TI  - Concentration dependence of surface diffusion coefficients in clustering systems.

PMID- 9943972
TI  - Off-axis configuration of FA (Li) centers in RbCl.

PMID- 9943973
TI  - Microscopic origin of low-energy excitations in superionic glasses.

PMID- 9943974
TI  - Vibrational correlation function in ordered and disordered covalent solids.

PMID- 9943975
TI  - Infrared absorption and rotational dynamics of OH- and OD- defects in cesium
      halides.

PMID- 9943976
TI  - Dynamical theory of low-energy ionization of inert-gas atoms at surfaces.

PMID- 9943977
TI  - Temperature dependence of two-photon absorption linewidths of Eu2+ in CaF2.

PMID- 9943979
TI  - Dielectric relaxation of the aluminum-hole center in alpha -quartz: An example of
      phonon-assisted tunneling.

PMID- 9943978
TI  - Lattice vibrations in thin-film carbon: Electron-Rayleigh-wave interaction.

PMID- 9943981
TI  - Energy and thickness dependences of optical coefficients for polycrystalline
      metallic double-layer films.

PMID- 9943980
TI  - Dimensional crossover for a quasi-one-dimensional polaron.

PMID- 9943982
TI  - Phonons at the surface of the nearly-free-electron metal Al(111): Realization of
      an ideal surface.

PMID- 9943983
TI  - Perturbation theory for the electrical conductivity of quasiperiodic lattices.

PMID- 9943984
TI  - Magnetoresistance of amorphous MoxGe

PMID- 9943985
TI  - Limiting response time of double-barrier resonant tunneling structures.

PMID- 9943986
TI  - D- center in GaAs.

PMID- 9943987
TI  - Monte Carlo calculations of transport parameters of one-dimensional hot electrons
      in quantum-well wires.

PMID- 9943988
TI  - Bound magnetic polarons below T=1 K.

PMID- 9943989
TI  - Simple analytic model for heterojunction band offsets.

PMID- 9943990
TI  - Bonding at the K/Si(100) 2 x 1 interface: A surface extended x-ray-absorption
      fine-structure study.

PMID- 9943991
TI  - Exactly solvable one-dimensional model for impurity binding energies in quantum
      wells.

PMID- 9943993
TI  - Band structure of an effective-mass superlattice.

PMID- 9943992
TI  - Reduced dimensionality of hot-carrier relaxation in GaAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9943994
TI  - Chemical trends in Schottky barriers: Charge transfer into adsorbate-induced gap
      states and defects.

PMID- 9943995
TI  - Correlation between the light- and heavy-hole free-exciton fine structure in
      AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs multiple-quantum-well structures using photoluminescence
      excitation spectroscopy.

PMID- 9943996
TI  - Picosecond Raman studies of the optical phonons in the AlxGa1-xAs layers of GaAs
      AlxGa1-xAs multiple-quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9943997
TI  - Optical band gap of the filled tetrahedral semiconductor LiZnP.

PMID- 9943998
TI  - Multiple-scattering effects in surface extended x-ray absorption fine structure.

PMID- 9943999
TI  - Similarity between quantum Hall transport coefficients.

PMID- 9944000
TI  - Deviation from the classical 4:2 coordination in very thin SiO2 films grown on
      silicon.

PMID- 9944001
TI  - Theory of plasmons in lateral multiwire superlattices.

PMID- 9944002
TI  - Grazing-incidence x-ray scattering on the Cu3Au(111) phase transition.

PMID- 9944003
TI  - Inelastic neutron scattering from Sendust.

PMID- 9944004
TI  - Equilibrium negative-charge fractions in swift proton beams emerging from freshly
      evaporated metal films.

PMID- 9944005
TI  - Perturbed-angular-correlation spectroscopy: Structural anomalies in
      (Sr,Ca)(Zr3.95Hf0.05)P6O24 ceramics.

PMID- 9944007
TI  - Proton Knight shift in the organic conductor (fluoranthenyl)2AsF6.

PMID- 9944006
TI  - Many-body embedded-atom potential for describing the energy and angular
      distributions of Rh atoms desorbed from ion-bombarded Rh{111}

PMID- 9944008
TI  - Order parameter in incommensurate Rb2ZnCl4 studied by Mn2+ electron paramagnetic
      resonance.

PMID- 9944009
TI  - Relaxation and equilibrium of a spin system coupled to a radiation field.

PMID- 9944010
TI  - Electronic structure and associated properties of europium-activated strontium
      tetraborate phosphor.

PMID- 9944011
TI  - Theory of free-bound transitions in channeling radiation.

PMID- 9944012
TI  - Investigation of lattice-dynamical effects and hyperfine interactions in ZnO by
      67Zn Mossbauer spectroscopy.

PMID- 9944013
TI  - Effect of a free surface in ion backscattering and sputtering.

PMID- 9944014
TI  - Electron-nuclear double resonance of titanium in silicon: 47Ti and 49Ti ENDOR.

PMID- 9944015
TI  - NMR line shapes and order-parameter determination in proton pseudo-spin-glasses.

PMID- 9944016
TI  - Influence of vanadium on the 57Fe-site spin and charge densities in cobalt
      vanadium alloys.

PMID- 9944017
TI  - Planar channeling in superlattices: Theory.

PMID- 9944018
TI  - Inelastic gas-surface scattering. II. Results.

PMID- 9944019
TI  - Energy-loss rate of a positron in a metal.

PMID- 9944020
TI  - Weak exchange interaction in cis-Cu(NH2CH2COO)2

PMID- 9944021
TI  - Ultrasonic propagation above and below the martensitic transition in solid D2.

PMID- 9944023
TI  - Effects of the anomalous energy dispersion on the attenuation coefficient of
      first sound in liquid 4He.

PMID- 9944022
TI  - Sturm-Liouville description of sine-Gordon soliton dynamics.

PMID- 9944024
TI  - Experimental study of the growth of liquid 4He films on graphite.

PMID- 9944026
TI  - Small-radiation-amplitude dynamical voltage model of an irradiated, externally
      unbiased Josephson tunnel junction.

PMID- 9944025
TI  - Pairing in the two-dimensional Hubbard model: An exact diagonalization study.

PMID- 9944028
TI  - Coherent versus noncoherent Bloch oscillations in the presence of direct and
      alternating fields.

PMID- 9944027
TI  - Analytic calculation of ground-state properties of correlated fermions with the
      Gutzwiller wave function.

PMID- 9944029
TI  - New type of Cooper pairing in systems with strong electron-phonon interaction.

PMID- 9944031
TI  - Phonon dispersion relation in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944030
TI  - Effect of oxygen pressure on the orthorhombic-tetragonal transition in the high
      temperature superconductor YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944032
TI  - Static and dynamic spin correlations in pure and doped La2CuO

PMID- 9944033
TI  - Resistive and magnetic studies of Nd1Ba

PMID- 9944035
TI  - Magnetic interaction between rare-earth moments in high-temperature
      superconductors RBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9944034
TI  - Structural and physical properties of the metal (M) substituted YBa2Cu3-xMxO7-y
      perovskite.

PMID- 9944036
TI  - Oxygen vacancies and antiferromagnetism in La2CuO

PMID- 9944037
TI  - Transport properties of the oxides Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7- delta (0 <= x <= 1): Effects
      of band filling and lattice distortion on superconductivity.

PMID- 9944038
TI  - Anisotropic normal-state transport properties predicted and analyzed for high-Tc
      oxide superconductors.

PMID- 9944039
TI  - Field-dependent microwave absorption in high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9944041
TI  - Reentrant softening in perovskitelike superconductors.

PMID- 9944040
TI  - Atomic substitutions in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944042
TI  - Photoexcitations in La2CuO4: 2-eV energy gap and long-lived defect states.

PMID- 9944043
TI  - Effect of substitution of Bi, Ga, and Fe on the structure and superconducting
      transition of Y1Ba2Cu3O6.5+ delta.

PMID- 9944044
TI  - Oxygen-stoichiometry dependence of the electronic structure of YBa2Cu3O7- delta
      with delta (0< delta <0.7): Possibility of a highly correlated mixed-valent
      state.

PMID- 9944045
TI  - Linear muffin-tin-orbital atomic-sphere-approximation calculations of the
      electronic structure of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944047
TI  - Surface melting and the surface phase diagram.

PMID- 9944046
TI  - Directed percolation in 3+1 dimensions.

PMID- 9944048
TI  - Solution of the one-dimensional Hubbard model for arbitrary electron density and
      large U.

PMID- 9944050
TI  - Phase transition in positionally disordered Josephson-junction arrays in a
      transverse magnetic field.

PMID- 9944049
TI  - Equations of state of the Potts ferromagnet in an anisotropic square lattice:
      Renormalization-group approach.

PMID- 9944051
TI  - Ground-state properties of field-induced spin-density waves in Bechgaard salts.

PMID- 9944052
TI  - Phase transitions of frustrated XY models on deformed square lattices.

PMID- 9944053
TI  - Thermodynamics of the one-dimensional diluted classical spin Heisenberg model
      with single-ion anisotropy.

PMID- 9944054
TI  - Random fields and orientational order in models with a continuous-energy minimum
      set in q space and in magnetic systems favoring an incommensurate order.

PMID- 9944055
TI  - Correlated-particles expansion through third order: The Lennard-Jones solid.

PMID- 9944056
TI  - Modified asymptotic approach to modeling a dilute-binary-alloy solidification
      front.

PMID- 9944057
TI  - Scaling theory of tunneling diffusion of a heavy particle interacting with
      phonons.

PMID- 9944058
TI  - Roughening and facet formation in the presence of subharmonic potentials.

PMID- 9944059
TI  - Electrical breakdown in a fuse network with random, continuously distributed
      breaking strengths.

PMID- 9944060
TI  - Cayley-tree Ising model with antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor and ferromagnetic
      equivalent-neighbor interactions.

PMID- 9944061
TI  - Charge and spin fluctuations in metals.

PMID- 9944062
TI  - Ising spin glass at zero temperature on the Bethe lattice.

PMID- 9944064
TI  - Coulomb correlation effects in the quasiparticle band structure of ferromagnetic
      rare-earth insulators.

PMID- 9944063
TI  - Anomalous-diffraction studies of modulated structures.

PMID- 9944065
TI  - Heisenberg-to-Ising crossover in a random-field model with uniaxial anisotropy.

PMID- 9944066
TI  - Magneto-optical properties of the competing-anisotropy model system Fe1-xCoxCl2.
      II. Faraday rotation.

PMID- 9944068
TI  - Intensity of nuclear multiphoton transitions for 57Fe in thin ferromagnetic films
      under static and radio-frequency magnetic fields.

PMID- 9944067
TI  - Lattice-dynamical calculations of N-methyl-N-ethyl-morpholinium
      bis(tetracyanoquinodimethane) above and below the spin-Peierls transition
      temperature.

PMID- 9944070
TI  - Nonlocal Landau free-energy functional: Application to the magnetic phase
      transition in CsNiF3.

PMID- 9944069
TI  - Eu2Ni3Si5: A new valence-fluctuation system.

PMID- 9944071
TI  - Effective-medium approximation for a percolation network: The structure factor
      and the Ioffe-Regel criterion.

PMID- 9944072
TI  - Evidence for martensiticlike phase transformations in metallic glasses.

PMID- 9944074
TI  - Monte Carlo study of the Coulomb-gas representation of frustrated XY models.

PMID- 9944073
TI  - Nonlinear friction in a homogenous electron gas: Exact results.

PMID- 9944075
TI  - Monte Carlo renormalization-group study of Ising spin glasses.

PMID- 9944076
TI  - Scattering by rough surfaces.

PMID- 9944077
TI  - Small-angle x-ray scattering study of phase separation in amorphous alloys during
      heating with use of synchrotron radiation.

PMID- 9944078
TI  - Low-temperature expansions for an Ising model on a hexagonal-close-packed lattice
      with competing interactions.

PMID- 9944079
TI  - Magnetic and thermodynamical properties of the simple-cubic Hubbard model.

PMID- 9944080
TI  - Magnetic properties of amorphous mixed alloys with low dimensionalities.

PMID- 9944082
TI  - Phase transitions in finite systems with O(n) symmetry: Magnetization and
      susceptibility in the presence of an external field.

PMID- 9944081
TI  - Equilibrium shape of NaCl crystals: A first-principles calculation.

PMID- 9944083
TI  - Mean-field hopping solution in the Anderson-Hubbard model.

PMID- 9944084
TI  - Annealing effects on the sound velocity and internal friction in the
      superconducting and normal states of the Cu30Zr

PMID- 9944086
TI  - Flux quantization with a high-Tc model.

PMID- 9944085
TI  - Criticality of the bond-diluted Ising ferromagnet in a semi-infinite simple-cubic
      lattice.

PMID- 9944087
TI  - Mossbauer study of CsFeBr3.

PMID- 9944088
TI  - New approach to characterizing the high-temperature superconducting transition.

PMID- 9944089
TI  - Tunneling spectroscopy of YBa2Cu3O6.5+x and Y0.95Al0.05Ba2Cu3O6.5+x with use of a
      scanning-tunneling microscope.

PMID- 9944090
TI  - Melt-textured growth of polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7- delta with high transport Jc
      at 77 K.

PMID- 9944091
TI  - Layer plasmons and high-Tc superconductivity.

PMID- 9944092
TI  - Orthorhombic (II) superstructure phase in oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O7- delta
      prepared by quenching.

PMID- 9944093
TI  - Upper critical field, fluctuation conductivity, and dimensionality of YBa2Cu3O7
      x.

PMID- 9944095
TI  - Compressibility of the high-Tc superconductor La1.7Ba

PMID- 9944094
TI  - Giant defect-enhanced electron-phonon interactions in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944096
TI  - Electronic structure of high-temperature superconductors.

PMID- 9944098
TI  - Gd interactions in (Ce,Gd)Al3.

PMID- 9944097
TI  - Study of Hamiltonians with long-range interactions: The XY model.

PMID- 9944099
TI  - Constraints on high-temperature series expansions for spin correlations in the
      square Ising model.

PMID- 9944101
TI  - Energy flow during the soliton-antisoliton interaction in extended Klein-Gordon
      systems.

PMID- 9944100
TI  - Conformal invariance and critical behavior of a quantum Hamiltonian with three
      spin coupling in a longitudinal field.

PMID- 9944102
TI  - Comment on the conductivity exponent in continuum percolation.

PMID- 9944103
TI  - Reply to "Comment on the conductivity exponent in continuum percolation"

PMID- 9944105
TI  - Erratum: Thermal conductivity of 4He I near T lambda from vapor pressure to 28
      bars: Comparison of experiment and theory

PMID- 9944104
TI  - Comment on "Self-trapping on a dimer: Time-dependent solutions of a discrete
      nonlinear Schrodinger equation"

PMID- 9944106
TI  - Anomalous vibrations of hydrogen isotopes in beta -phase vanadium hydride.

PMID- 9944108
TI  - Power-law fading of the frustration effect in a periodic rectangular
      superconducting network with increasing aspect ratio.

PMID- 9944107
TI  - Hot-electron diffusion lengths in the rare-gas solids.

PMID- 9944110
TI  - Quantum displacement-charge transitions in two-dimensional granular
      superconductors.

PMID- 9944109
TI  - Observation of phase fluctuations and electron-electron scattering in weakly
      disordered superconducting aluminum films.

PMID- 9944111
TI  - Schottky anomaly in the heat capacity of the high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944112
TI  - X-ray-scattering study of finite-range order in Ba2YCu3O6.7.

PMID- 9944113
TI  - Oxygen defect in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944114
TI  - Out-of-plane conductivity in single-crystal YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944115
TI  - Successive magnetic phase transitions in tetragonal YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944117
TI  - Ginzburg-Landau theory of resonating valence bonds and its U(1) phase dynamics.

PMID- 9944116
TI  - Initial stages of degradation of superconductor surfaces: O2, H2O, CO2, and CO
      chemisorption on La2-xSrxCuO4.

PMID- 9944118
TI  - Cu nuclear magnetic resonance of aligned single crystals of YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9944120
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission studies of single-crystal YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944119
TI  - Electronic structure of high-Tc superconductors from core-level spectroscopies.

PMID- 9944121
TI  - Upper critical field and resistivity of single-crystal EuBa2Cu

PMID- 9944122
TI  - Joint x-ray and neutron refinement of the structure of superconducting YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944123
TI  - Observations on the thermopower of the high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9944125
TI  - Frequencies, eigenvectors, and single-crystal selection rules of k=0 phonons in
      YBa2Cu3O7- delta : Theory and experiment.

PMID- 9944124
TI  - 57Fe Mossbauer study of the superconductor YBa2(FexCu1-x)3Oy.

PMID- 9944126
TI  - Surface conduction and length scales in porous media.

PMID- 9944127
TI  - Hole propagation in correlated spin systems.

PMID- 9944128
TI  - Phase transition induced by a magnetic field in NbSe3.

PMID- 9944130
TI  - Optical and transmission-electron-microscopy characterization of metal
      precipitates in doped thermochemically reduced magnesium oxide.

PMID- 9944129
TI  - Magnetic transitions in bcc vanadium, chromium, manganese, and iron.

PMID- 9944131
TI  - Optical properties of submicrometer-size silver needles.

PMID- 9944132
TI  - Synchrotron-radiation photoemission studies of Cu/InSb(110) interface evolution
      and modification by Al interlayers.

PMID- 9944133
TI  - Interface-response theory of electromagnetism in dielectric superlattices.

PMID- 9944134
TI  - Electron density at the Ag(110) surface studied by He diffraction.

PMID- 9944135
TI  - Absence of phonon-induced localization for the free optical polaron and the
      corresponding Wannier exciton-phonon system.

PMID- 9944136
TI  - 2 pi resonance features in the electronic spectra of chemisorbed CO.

PMID- 9944138
TI  - Nonlinear optical response of superlattices: Multistability and soliton trains.

PMID- 9944137
TI  - Photoelectron diffraction on clean W(110) surface and bulk 4f core levels.

PMID- 9944139
TI  - Interpretation of photoemission and bremsstrahlung isochromat spectra of uranium
      compounds.

PMID- 9944140
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission study of a thin FeO(111) layer formed on Fe(110).

PMID- 9944141
TI  - Structural basis of multistationary quantum systems. I. Effective single-particle
      dynamics.

PMID- 9944142
TI  - Structural basis of multistationary quantum systems. II. Effective few-particle
      dynamics.

PMID- 9944143
TI  - Evolution of the electronic structure of the Cr/Au(001) interface.

PMID- 9944144
TI  - Structural and valence properties of the amorphous-metallic high-pressure phase
      of SnI4.

PMID- 9944145
TI  - Symmetry breaking in the molecular-dynamics method for ab initio total-energy
      calculations.

PMID- 9944147
TI  - Inverse photoemission from Ag(111) calculated by a multiple-scattering method.

PMID- 9944146
TI  - Scale equivalence of quasicrystallographic space groups.

PMID- 9944148
TI  - Spin and orbital contributions to the dynamical structure factors of paramagnetic
      transition metals.

PMID- 9944149
TI  - Quantum-mechanical stress and a generalized virial theorem for clusters and
      solids.

PMID- 9944150
TI  - Interpolation formula for the energy of a two-dimensional electron gas in the
      lowest Landau level.

PMID- 9944152
TI  - Electronic structure of the Ge(111)-c(2 x 8) surface.

PMID- 9944151
TI  - Scattering of electromagnetic beams from rough surfaces.

PMID- 9944154
TI  - Electron-hole scattering and the negative absolute mobility of electrons in a
      semiconductor quantum well.

PMID- 9944153
TI  - Stark effect in strongly coupled quantum wells.

PMID- 9944155
TI  - Bond-orbital models for superlattices.

PMID- 9944156
TI  - Negative minority-electron mobility in a nonequilibrium electron-hole plasma.

PMID- 9944157
TI  - Diagonal and off-diagonal disorder in doped quantum wells.

PMID- 9944159
TI  - Energies of substitution and solution in semiconductors.

PMID- 9944158
TI  - Hydrogen desorption kinetics from monohydride and dihydride species on silicon
      surfaces.

PMID- 9944160
TI  - Critical behavior of the zero-temperature conductivity in compensated silicon,
      Si:(P,B).

PMID- 9944161
TI  - Properties of trans-polyacetylene with sp3 defects.

PMID- 9944163
TI  - One-dimensional hopping mobility in disordered layered semiconductors:
      Applications to InSe.

PMID- 9944162
TI  - Defect formation in H implantation of crystalline Si.

PMID- 9944165
TI  - Universal behavior near the band edges for disordered systems: Numerical and
      coherent-potential-approximation studies.

PMID- 9944164
TI  - Surface structure of As-stabilized GaAs(001): 2 x 4, c(2 x 8), and domain
      structures.

PMID- 9944166
TI  - Evidence for large lattice relaxation at the DX center in Si-doped AlxGa

PMID- 9944167
TI  - Initial stages of reaction and barrier heights in nickel silicide interface
      growth.

PMID- 9944168
TI  - Vibrational spectroscopy of acceptor-hydrogen complexes in silicon: Evidence for
      low-frequency excitations.

PMID- 9944169
TI  - Temperature-dependent multisubband polarizability and dielectric function for the
      two-dimensional electron gas in heterojunctions.

PMID- 9944170
TI  - First-principles calculation of highly asymmetric structure in scanning-tunneling
      microscopy images of graphite.

PMID- 9944171
TI  - Electronic states of doped semiconductor superlattices in magnetic and electric
      fields.

PMID- 9944173
TI  - Precise quasiparticle energies and Hartree-Fock bands of semiconductors and
      insulators.

PMID- 9944172
TI  - Anomalous telegraph noise in small-area silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor field
      effect transistors.

PMID- 9944175
TI  - Optical phonons in mixed-layer crystals of the series SnSxSe2-x (0 <= x <= 2).

PMID- 9944176
TI  - Double transitions in the Raman spectrum of the fundamental band of solid
      parahydrogen.

PMID- 9944174
TI  - Effects of oxidation on surface band-gap states in a-Si:H.

PMID- 9944178
TI  - Electronic structure of an oxygen vacancy in lithium niobate.

PMID- 9944177
TI  - Photoemission study of SiOx (0 <= x <= 2) alloys.

PMID- 9944180
TI  - Thermal conductivity in amorphous solids at temperatures below 1 K.

PMID- 9944179
TI  - Usefulness of the special q points in the study of rare-gas monolayers.

PMID- 9944181
TI  - Electronic and vibrational absorption and emission properties of F-center-OH-
      defect pairs in cesium halides.

PMID- 9944183
TI  - Neutron scattering study of phonon-libron coupling in potassium-ammonia
      intercalated graphite.

PMID- 9944182
TI  - Electron-energy-loss study of the TiO2(110) surface.

PMID- 9944184
TI  - Adsorption of potassium on the ideal Si(111) surface.

PMID- 9944186
TI  - Defects on Ne-bubble surfaces in Mo.

PMID- 9944185
TI  - Size effects on the vacancy-formation energy of small sodium clusters in the
      jellium model.

PMID- 9944187
TI  - Raman scattering from plasma excitations in a conducting double layer.

PMID- 9944188
TI  - Ultrasonic study of the martensitic phase transformation in sodium.

PMID- 9944190
TI  - Experimental study of nonlinear conductance in small metallic samples.

PMID- 9944189
TI  - Interface response theory of phonons in N-layer superlattices.

PMID- 9944191
TI  - X-ray and Raman scattering measurements in finite, pseudomorphically strained,
      Fibonacci lattices.

PMID- 9944192
TI  - Correlation between geometric and elastic parameters in structural modification
      of interfacial superstructures.

PMID- 9944193
TI  - Evidence for the intrinsic nature of light-induced defects in undoped a-Si:H.

PMID- 9944194
TI  - Search for narrow-band noise under pulsed electric fields in the nonlinear
      conduction regime of tetrathiafulvalene tetracyanoquinodimethane.

PMID- 9944195
TI  - Real-time dielectric relaxation in glassy polyvinylacetate.

PMID- 9944196
TI  - Erratum: Correlation correction to the Hartree-Fock total energy of solids

PMID- 9944198
TI  - X-ray photoemission study of delta -Pu stabilized by 1 wt. % Ga: Electronic
      structure and sputter-induced surface phase transformation.

PMID- 9944197
TI  - Quantitative experimental test for the theoretical gap energies in the fractional
      quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9944199
TI  - Quasicrystal structure of rapidly solidified Ti-Ni-based alloys.

PMID- 9944200
TI  - Environmentally specific mechanical properties: Beyond atomic parameters.

PMID- 9944201
TI  - Electronic contributions to the hydrogen-induced reconstruction of W(110).

PMID- 9944202
TI  - Structure of icosahedral clusters in cubic Al5.6Li

PMID- 9944204
TI  - Enhanced magnetic surface scattering of weakly localized electrons.

PMID- 9944203
TI  - High-pressure structural phase transitions in tellurium.

PMID- 9944205
TI  - Defect states at floating and dangling bonds in amorphous Si.

PMID- 9944206
TI  - Optical spectroscopy of two-dimensional electrons in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs single
      heterojunctions.

PMID- 9944208
TI  - Early-stage formation of metal-semiconductor interfaces.

PMID- 9944207
TI  - Atomic structure of one monolayer of GaAs on Si(111).

PMID- 9944209
TI  - Band-edge deformation potentials in a tight-binding framework.

PMID- 9944211
TI  - Excitonic optical nonlinearity of quantum-well structures in a static electric
      field.

PMID- 9944210
TI  - Breathing-mode lattice relaxation associated with the vacancy and phosphorous
      vacancy-pair (E-center) defect in silicon.

PMID- 9944212
TI  - Acoustic-phonon scattering in modulation-doped heterostructures.

PMID- 9944214
TI  - Occurrence of impurity bands in quantum-well wires.

PMID- 9944213
TI  - Four-terminal magnetoresistance of a two-dimensional electron-gas constriction in
      the ballistic regime.

PMID- 9944215
TI  - Sensitivity of the conductance to impurity configuration in the clean limit.

PMID- 9944216
TI  - Absorption spectra and energy levels of Gd3+, Nd3+, and Cr3+ in the garnet
      Gd3Sc2Ga3O12.

PMID- 9944217
TI  - Properties of amorphous Zr3RhHx prepared from glassy and crystalline alloys.

PMID- 9944218
TI  - Local-field correction in jellium.

PMID- 9944219
TI  - Electronic structure of the icosahedral and other phases of aluminum-manganese
      alloys studied by soft-x-ray emission spectroscopy.

PMID- 9944220
TI  - Nonequilibrium c(2 x 2) island formation during chemisorption: Scaling of spatial
      correlations and diffracted intensity.

PMID- 9944222
TI  - Failure of Migdal's approximation in electron transport.

PMID- 9944221
TI  - New method for evaluating the dc effective conductivities of composites with
      periodic structure.

PMID- 9944224
TI  - Calculation of the electron momentum density in Zr and ZrH2.

PMID- 9944223
TI  - Resistance oscillations and crossover in ultrathin gold films.

PMID- 9944225
TI  - Optical properties of thallium films studied with synchrotron radiation.

PMID- 9944226
TI  - Theory of interlayer spacing in ternary graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9944227
TI  - Unoccupied electronic structure of Au and Ag on Ge(111).

PMID- 9944228
TI  - Absence of phase transitions in Holstein systems.

PMID- 9944229
TI  - Phase vortices in charge-density-wave conductors.

PMID- 9944231
TI  - Electrical transport properties of thin epitaxially grown iron films.

PMID- 9944230
TI  - Electronic structure of matter at high compression: Isostructural transitions and
      approach of the Fermi-gas limit.

PMID- 9944232
TI  - Work function and image-plane position of metal surfaces.

PMID- 9944233
TI  - Many-body small-cluster theory of bcc Fe, Co, and the Fe-Co alloy.

PMID- 9944234
TI  - High-pressure phases of uranium monophosphide studied by synchrotron x-ray
      diffraction.

PMID- 9944235
TI  - Nonlinear susceptibilities of granular matter.

PMID- 9944237
TI  - Electronic and structural properties of MgH2.

PMID- 9944236
TI  - Decay of "autoionizing" core-hole states in adsorbed CO molecules.

PMID- 9944238
TI  - Electronic transport properties of thin potassium wires below 1 K. I. Derivative
      of electrical resistivity, d rho /dT.

PMID- 9944240
TI  - Resonant tunneling through GaAs quantum-well energy levels confined by AlxGa1-xAs
      Gamma - and X-point barriers.

PMID- 9944239
TI  - Electronic transport properties of thin potassium wires below 1 K. II.
      Thermoelectric ratio G.

PMID- 9944241
TI  - Excitons in quantum boxes: Correlation effects and quantum confinement.

PMID- 9944242
TI  - Thermal properties of a tetrahedrally bonded amorphous solid: CdGeAs2.

PMID- 9944243
TI  - Auger recombination in direct-gap semiconductors: Effect of anisotropy and
      warping.

PMID- 9944245
TI  - Spin-forbidden Delta ms=2 transitions in the optically detected magnetic
      resonance spectra of excitons bound at complex neutral defects in GaP.

PMID- 9944244
TI  - Excitonic molecules in ZnSe quantum wells.

PMID- 9944246
TI  - Excitons near interfaces of polar crystals.

PMID- 9944247
TI  - All-electron local-density theory of covalently bonded material adsorbed on
      metallic substrate: p(1 x 1) Si monolayer on W(001).

PMID- 9944248
TI  - Domain structure and impurity length-scale effects in switching charge-density
      wave conductors.

PMID- 9944250
TI  - Optical investigation of a-Si:H/a-SiNx:H superlattices.

PMID- 9944249
TI  - Angular dependence of phonon transmission through a Fibonacci superlattice.

PMID- 9944252
TI  - Indirect exchange interaction in the zero-gap semiconductor Hg1-xMnxTe.

PMID- 9944251
TI  - Hydrogenation of semiconductor surfaces: Si and Ge (111).

PMID- 9944253
TI  - Effects of uniaxial stress on hole subbands in semiconductor quantum wells. I.
      Theory.

PMID- 9944254
TI  - Effects of uniaxial stress on hole subbands in semiconductor quantum wells. II.
      Numerical results.

PMID- 9944255
TI  - Experimental study of the dc conductivity mechanisms in amorphous SixSn1-x
      alloys.

PMID- 9944257
TI  - Fluctuations of the hot-carrier state-occupancy function in homogeneous
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9944256
TI  - Electron-diffraction study of chemical ordering in glow-discharge a-Si1-xCx:H.

PMID- 9944258
TI  - Dispersion theory for the two-dimensional polaron.

PMID- 9944259
TI  - Influence of the electron-electron interaction on the cyclotron resonance half
      width in bulk CdTe.

PMID- 9944260
TI  - Anisotropy of optical phonons and interface modes in GaAs-AlAs superlattices.

PMID- 9944262
TI  - Ab initio study of the interaction of polyoxymethylene with polyoxymethylene,
      ammonium perchlorate, and the aluminum (100) surface.

PMID- 9944261
TI  - Minigaps and high-density activated transport in n-channel Si inversion layers.

PMID- 9944263
TI  - Effects of nonequilibrium phonons on the energy relaxation and recombination
      lifetime of photogenerated carriers in undoped GaAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9944264
TI  - Disorder effects in alloy superlattices.

PMID- 9944265
TI  - Shallow donors in magnetic fields in zinc-blende semiconductors. III. Subtleties
      of the conduction band and spin doublets in GaAs.

PMID- 9944266
TI  - Electron-nuclear double resonance of interstitial positively charged iron in
      silicon.

PMID- 9944267
TI  - Role of metal d states in II-VI semiconductors.

PMID- 9944269
TI  - Dynamics of photoexcitations in cis-polyacetylene.

PMID- 9944268
TI  - Defect centers and changes in the electrical characteristics of Al/n-type Si
      Schottky diodes induced by hydrogen-ion implantations.

PMID- 9944271
TI  - Asymmetrical relaxation of simple E' centers in silicon dioxide isomorphs.

PMID- 9944270
TI  - Self-consistent energy-functional perturbation theory for an electron gas in a
      cylindrical quantum well.

PMID- 9944272
TI  - Computer studies of system densities of states and of correlations in the
      excitation spectra of interacting electrons in disordered insulators.

PMID- 9944273
TI  - Effective bond-stretching force constants in chalcopyrite CuGaSe2 by temperature
      dependence of extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure spectra.

PMID- 9944274
TI  - Dynamics of the spin-glass freezing in Cd0.6Mn0.4Te.

PMID- 9944276
TI  - Reflectivity of bismuth germanate.

PMID- 9944275
TI  - Electronic properties of stage-3 SbCl5-intercalated graphite.

PMID- 9944277
TI  - Tip electronic structure in scanning tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9944278
TI  - Heat-transport Ward identity and effective Landau Fermi-liquid parameters in
      disordered systems.

PMID- 9944279
TI  - Calorimetric observations of amorphous and crystalline Ni-Zr alloy formation by
      solid-state reaction.

PMID- 9944280
TI  - NMR study of Li in Al-Li-Cu icosahedral alloys.

PMID- 9944281
TI  - Backscattering of light from a random medium: Application to the critical region.

PMID- 9944282
TI  - Energy dependence of the electron-phonon coupling in a thin-layer GaAs/AlAs
      superlattice.

PMID- 9944283
TI  - Electronic states of semiconductor-metal-semiconductor quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9944285
TI  - Quasielastic light scattering in (KBr)1-x(KCN)x.

PMID- 9944284
TI  - Theoretical estimation of static charge fluctuation in amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9944286
TI  - Local field in glass probed by laser-induced fluorescence-line narrowing in
      Ca(PO3)2:Eu3+

PMID- 9944287
TI  - Observation of ( omega, omega ) backward-wave phonon echoes in quartz crystals
      after neutron irradiation, electrodiffusion, and annealing.

PMID- 9944288
TI  - Phase-shift problem in the study of the c(2 x 2)S/Ni(100) surface by surface
      extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure spectroscopy.

PMID- 9944290
TI  - Electric field dependence of the exciton binding energy in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs
      quantum wells.

PMID- 9944289
TI  - Comment on "Ring exchange and the fractional quantum Hall effect"

PMID- 9944291
TI  - k gaps for surface polaritons on gratings.

PMID- 9944292
TI  - Isotopic effect in the formation of copper-ion clusters by neutral-argon-atom
      bombardment.

PMID- 9944293
TI  - Photoelectron diffraction study of Si(001)2 x 1-K surface: Existence of a
      potassium double layer.

PMID- 9944295
TI  - Many-electron theory of charge transfer in ion-surface scattering.

PMID- 9944294
TI  - In-plane quasi-isotropic organic superconductor di

PMID- 9944296
TI  - Preparation, structure, and spectroscopic properties of Nd3+:{La1-xLux}3

PMID- 9944297
TI  - Time-differential perturbed-angular-correlation study of hyperfine interactions
      at 111Cd in a Li0.5Fe

PMID- 9944298
TI  - Relationship between microstructures and optoelectronic properties of Ag-O-Cs
      photoemitting surfaces: The S-1 photocathode.

PMID- 9944299
TI  - ESR study of the hydrogen-potassium-graphite ternary intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9944300
TI  - Positron annihilation study of deformed silver.

PMID- 9944301
TI  - Excited-state-absorption and laser parameters of V2+ in MgF2 and KMgF3.

PMID- 9944302
TI  - Excited-state absorption of Ni2+ in MgF2 and MgO.

PMID- 9944304
TI  - Polarization of protons by the spin-refrigerator mechanism in yttrium ethyl
      sulfate.

PMID- 9944303
TI  - Macroscopic description of fast heavy-ion-induced desorption yields.

PMID- 9944306
TI  - Electron paramagnetic resonance in Cd1-xMnxS, Cd1-xMnxSe, and Cd1-xMnxTe.

PMID- 9944305
TI  - Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation of dilute spins in semiconducting diamond.

PMID- 9944307
TI  - Neutron-scattering and Monte Carlo study of short-range order and atomic
      interaction in Ni0.89Cr

PMID- 9944309
TI  - Spin-Hamiltonian parameters of 6S-state ions.

PMID- 9944308
TI  - Stopping powers and energy loss of 3-22-MeV 12C ions in Havar, nickel, Kapton,
      and Mylar.

PMID- 9944310
TI  - Z3 correction to the stopping power of ions in an electron gas.

PMID- 9944311
TI  - Rate theory of dislocation motion: Thermal activation and inertial effects.

PMID- 9944312
TI  - Intermediate statistics for vortices in superfluid films.

PMID- 9944313
TI  - Nonuniversal critical behavior in the critical current of superconducting
      composites.

PMID- 9944314
TI  - Cosmiclike domain walls in superfluid 3He-B: Instantons and diabolical points in
      (k,r) space.

PMID- 9944316
TI  - Upper bound on strong-coupling corrections to the second upper critical field.

PMID- 9944315
TI  - Schrieffer-Wolff transformation for the Anderson Hamiltonian in a superconductor.

PMID- 9944317
TI  - Dynamics of fluxons in a system of coupled Josephson junctions.

PMID- 9944318
TI  - Thermoelectric effect as a test of exotic superconductivity.

PMID- 9944319
TI  - Effective-medium theory of an anisotropic conductor applied to the high-Tc
      superconductors.

PMID- 9944320
TI  - Single-crystal neutron-diffraction study of La2Cu0.95Li0.05O4.

PMID- 9944322
TI  - Numerical investigation of competing spin-spin interactions in a two-dimensional
      Ising model for La2-zCuO

PMID- 9944321
TI  - Ordered-defect structure in epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-x thin films.

PMID- 9944324
TI  - Local structural variations in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944323
TI  - Analysis of infrared reflection spectra of oxides of the La2CuO4 high -Tc
      superconductor family in polarized light.

PMID- 9944325
TI  - Crystal substructure and physical properties of the superconducting phase
      Bi4(Sr,Cr)6Cu4O16+x.

PMID- 9944326
TI  - Nearest-neighbor resonating-valence-bond state in two dimensions.

PMID- 9944327
TI  - Magnetic properties of oxygen-reduced, rare-earth based R1Ba2Cu3O7-x compounds
      with R=Gd, Dy, and Ho.

PMID- 9944329
TI  - Two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet: A numerical study.

PMID- 9944328
TI  - Muon depolarization and magnetic-field penetration depth in superconducting
      GdBa2Cu3Ox.

PMID- 9944330
TI  - Superconductivity in a narrow-band system with intersite electron pairing in two
      dimensions: A mean-field study.

PMID- 9944331
TI  - Canonical perturbation theory and the two-band model for high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9944332
TI  - Antiferromagnetic correlations of the resonating-valence-bond state.

PMID- 9944333
TI  - Real-space renormalization-group investigation of the randomly dilute q-state
      Potts model.

PMID- 9944334
TI  - Helium, tritium, and protium NMR studies of tritide-free aged PdTx.

PMID- 9944335
TI  - Quantum theory of nucleation in ferromagnets.

PMID- 9944337
TI  - Non-Peierls structural phase transitions in one-dimensional Peierls systems.

PMID- 9944336
TI  - Scaling properties of the elastic stiffness moduli of a random rigid-nonrigid
      network near the rigidity threshold: Theory and simulations.

PMID- 9944339
TI  - Rotational invariance and dipolar magnetoelastic effects: Application to TmSb.

PMID- 9944338
TI  - Classes for growth kinetics problems at low temperatures.

PMID- 9944340
TI  - Fractal dimension and scaling behavior of cracks in a random medium: "Frequency
      rank" distribution described by generalized random walks.

PMID- 9944341
TI  - Ground-state solutions of a frustrated Ising model in d dimensions.

PMID- 9944342
TI  - Specific-heat study of two-dimensional melting phenomena in the first oxygen
      layer on graphite.

PMID- 9944343
TI  - Extension theory for lattice Green functions.

PMID- 9944344
TI  - Macroscopic dynamics of uniaxial spin glasses.

PMID- 9944345
TI  - Peierls instability in the two-dimensional half-filled Hubbard model.

PMID- 9944346
TI  - Synchrotron magnetic x-ray measurements of the order parameter in Mn0.5Zn

PMID- 9944347
TI  - Temperature dependence of spin dynamics in the impurity-doped quasi-two
      dimensional antiferromagnet C2H5(NH3)2MnCl42+:Cu2+

PMID- 9944348
TI  - Anomalously slow strain relaxation in quasicrystals and conventional crystals.

PMID- 9944349
TI  - Finite-size-scaling analysis of domain growth in the kinetic Ising model with
      conserved and nonconserved order parameters.

PMID- 9944350
TI  - Quantum Monte Carlo study of pressure melting in Yukawa systems.

PMID- 9944351
TI  - Influence of microstructure on the T-1/4 conductivity law of slowly deposited
      sputtered a-Si and a-Si:H.

PMID- 9944353
TI  - Critical exponents for an incommensurate structure with several length scales.

PMID- 9944352
TI  - Surface spin waves of semi-infinite two-sublattice ferrimagnets.

PMID- 9944354
TI  - Numerical study of the late stages of spinodal decomposition.

PMID- 9944356
TI  - Collective modes in an "ultraquantum crystal": Field-induced spin-density-wave
      phases. II. Coupling between longitudinal and transverse fluctuations.

PMID- 9944355
TI  - Collective modes in an "ultraquantum crystal." I. Field-induced spin-density-wave
      phases.

PMID- 9944357
TI  - Gap-exponent evolution near the upper critical dimension of directed percolation.

PMID- 9944358
TI  - Critical and scaling properties of the Aubry model in one-dimensional
      incommensurate systems.

PMID- 9944359
TI  - Electron-spin-relaxation times in Se-doped potassium dihydrogen phosphate
      ferroelectric crystals.

PMID- 9944361
TI  - Enhancement of exchange interactions in Bi- and La-substituted Y3Fe

PMID- 9944360
TI  - Free-energy formula for a superconducting alloy with localized states in the
      energy gap: Eliashberg formalism.

PMID- 9944362
TI  - Estimation of T1 for divalent cobalt ions from the temperature variation of the
      EPR linewidths for vanadyl in rubidium cobalt sulfate hexahydrate single
      crystals.

PMID- 9944363
TI  - Stark level 4T1(G) in MgO:Mn2+

PMID- 9944364
TI  - Theory of how to distinguish a scalar from a tensor order parameter in the high
      Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9944366
TI  - High-pressure study on 60- and 90-K EuBa2Cu

PMID- 9944367
TI  - Anisotropic thermoelectric power and conductivity in single-crystal YBa22CuOy.

PMID- 9944365
TI  - Millimeter-wave surface resistance measurements in highly oriented YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944368
TI  - Tunneling measurements of the dependence of the energy gap on critical
      temperature in La2-xSrxCuO4-y.

PMID- 9944369
TI  - Magnetization of the 120-K Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O superconductor.

PMID- 9944370
TI  - Electronic structure changes and superconductivity in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944372
TI  - t/U expansion for the Hubbard model.

PMID- 9944371
TI  - Evidence for homogeneous superconducting grains in high-Tc oxides.

PMID- 9944373
TI  - Epitaxial growth of YBa2Cu3O7 thin films on (100)-SrTiO3.

PMID- 9944374
TI  - Two-dimensional zone-center spin-wave excitations in La2CuO

PMID- 9944375
TI  - Superconductivity in the Y-Sr-Cu-O system.

PMID- 9944376
TI  - Theoretical calculation of the normal-state resistivity of the high-Tc oxide
      materials.

PMID- 9944377
TI  - Exploratory study of the electronic structure of fluorine-substituted YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944379
TI  - Electronic excitations of the YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductor: A study by transmission
      electron-energy-loss spectroscopy with an electron microprobe.

PMID- 9944378
TI  - Anelastic properties of single-phase YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944380
TI  - Electronic structure of high-Tc superconductors from soft-x-ray absorption.

PMID- 9944381
TI  - Photoemission study of single-crystalline (La1-xSrx

PMID- 9944383
TI  - Local lamellar structure in dense microemulsions.

PMID- 9944382
TI  - Exponential H and T decay of the critical current density in YBa2Cu3O7- delta
      single crystals.

PMID- 9944384
TI  - Critical exponents of spin-glass systems.

PMID- 9944385
TI  - Critical point of the second layer of CF4 adsorbed on graphite.

PMID- 9944386
TI  - "Proper" choice of the generalized scaling field for a mean-field spin glass.

PMID- 9944387
TI  - Influence functional and closed-time-path Green's function.

PMID- 9944388
TI  - Dipolar and quadrupolar phase transitions in the spin S=2 cubic crystal-field
      system.

PMID- 9944389
TI  - Topology of the lattice two-dimensional XY model.

PMID- 9944390
TI  - Migration volumes in PbF2 from recent elastic and expansivity data.

PMID- 9944391
TI  - Rigid spin rotation in amorphous rare-earth alloys.

PMID- 9944392
TI  - Two-stage feature of Hartmann-Hahn cross relaxation in magic-angle sample
      spinning.

PMID- 9944393
TI  - Low-field magnetic-relaxation effects in CeCu2Si

PMID- 9944395
TI  - Electron tunneling into the high-Tc superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9944394
TI  - Incommensurate superlattice and 90 degrees twist boundaries in the
      superconducting phase of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O.

PMID- 9944396
TI  - Symmetry breaking and nonlinear electrodynamics in the ceramic superconductor
      YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9944398
TI  - Josephson-junction model of critical current in granular Y1Ba2Cu3O7- delta
      superconductors.

PMID- 9944397
TI  - Long-range antiferromagnetic order of the Cu in oxygen-deficient RBa

PMID- 9944399
TI  - Photon-stimulated desorption of neutral O2 from YBa2Cu3O7-x by core-level
      excitation.

PMID- 9944400
TI  - Incommensurate structure in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O 80-K superconductor.

PMID- 9944402
TI  - Magnetic field dependence of nonresonant microwave power dissipation in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944401
TI  - Untwinned single crystals of YBa2Cu3O7- delta : An optical investigation of the a
      b anisotropy.

PMID- 9944404
TI  - Wetting across the antiferromagnetic layer.

PMID- 9944403
TI  - Infrared absorption of the paired-boson superconductor.

PMID- 9944406
TI  - New numerical transfer-matrix results for a quantum spin chain corresponding to
      (C6H11NH3)CuBr3 (CHAB).

PMID- 9944405
TI  - Accelerated simulations of XY spin glasses.

PMID- 9944407
TI  - Metamagnetic transition in the Kondo lattice compound CePt2Si

PMID- 9944409
TI  - Perturbation calculation around the two-dimensional Ising model.

PMID- 9944408
TI  - Calculation of spin waves in multilayered structures including interface
      anisotropies and exchange contributions.

PMID- 9944410
TI  - Frenkel-Kontorova model with nonconvex-interparticle interactions and strain
      gradients.

PMID- 9944411
TI  - New solvable model of polymer-chain adsorption at a surface.

PMID- 9944412
TI  - Spin-wave localization in ferromagnets with weak random-axes anisotropy.

PMID- 9944413
TI  - Spin polarons in the two-dimensional Hubbard model: A numerical study.

PMID- 9944414
TI  - Hole density and composition dependence of ferromagnetic ordering in Pb-Sn-Mn-Te.

PMID- 9944416
TI  - Thermal conductivity of some soliton-bearing magnetic systems.

PMID- 9944415
TI  - Possible evidence for a first-order magnetic phase transition on the Gd(0001)
      surface.

PMID- 9944417
TI  - Localization in the self-interaction-corrected density-functional formalism.

PMID- 9944418
TI  - Many-body perturbation theory applied to hydrogen interaction with lithium
      clusters.

PMID- 9944419
TI  - Tracer diffusion in amorphous Pd-Cu-Si.

PMID- 9944421
TI  - Classification of the phonon-focusing patterns of tetragonal crystals.

PMID- 9944420
TI  - Linear-muffin-tin-orbital (LMTO) supercell and LMTO recursion calculations for
      the electronic structure of metallic glasses: Ca7Al

PMID- 9944422
TI  - Characterization of surface and resonance phonons for the Ni(001)-c(2 x 2)
      system.

PMID- 9944423
TI  - Linear augmented-Slater-type-orbital method for electronic-structure
      calculations. V. Spin-orbit splitting in Cu3Au.

PMID- 9944424
TI  - Size effects in the electronic properties of hydrogen and helium embedded in
      small metal clusters: The self-consistent spherical-jellium-particle model.

PMID- 9944426
TI  - Density-functional theory for the dynamical response of molecules adsorbed on
      metal surfaces.

PMID- 9944425
TI  - Roughening of two-dimensional quasicrystal interfaces.

PMID- 9944427
TI  - Calculated lattice distortions at an isolated step on body-centered-cubic {100}
      surfaces.

PMID- 9944428
TI  - Dissociation energy of Mo2 and Mo2+

PMID- 9944429
TI  - Polarization dependence of the near-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure for
      oxygen adsorbed on Ni(110).

PMID- 9944430
TI  - Local-density-approximation study of LaS and SmS.

PMID- 9944431
TI  - Local-density calculations of the magnetic and paramagnetic phases of TmSe and
      TmTe.

PMID- 9944432
TI  - ac-dc interference, complete mode locking, and origin of coherent oscillations in
      sliding charge-density-wave systems.

PMID- 9944433
TI  - Electron-phonon interaction and phonon dynamics in one-dimensional conductors.

PMID- 9944434
TI  - Observation of empty bulk states on Cu(100) by two-photon photoemission.

PMID- 9944436
TI  - Interface states in band-inverted semiconductor heterojunctions.

PMID- 9944435
TI  - Theory of conductivity in superlattice minibands.

PMID- 9944437
TI  - Resonance Raman scattering in pure and ultraheavily doped p-type germanium.

PMID- 9944439
TI  - Characterization of very narrow quasi-one-dimensional quantum channels.

PMID- 9944438
TI  - Properties of the optical transitions within the Mn acceptor in AlxGa

PMID- 9944441
TI  - Ground-state energy of the polaron gas in two-dimensional semiconductor
      microstructures.

PMID- 9944440
TI  - Conductance of an array of elastic scatterers: A scattering-matrix approach.

PMID- 9944442
TI  - Unified formalism for excess current noise in random-walk models.

PMID- 9944444
TI  - Structural relaxation and order in ion-implanted Si and Ge.

PMID- 9944443
TI  - Depopulation of subbands by magnetic and electric fields in gated AlxGa

PMID- 9944445
TI  - Self-energy operators and exchange-correlation potentials in semiconductors.

PMID- 9944446
TI  - Stress field in quantum systems.

PMID- 9944447
TI  - Fast-particle energy loss to a layered electron gas.

PMID- 9944448
TI  - Many-body effects in a layered electron gas.

PMID- 9944449
TI  - Origin of the optical transitions in ordered Si/Ge(001) superlattices.

PMID- 9944450
TI  - Further evidence for the C-line pseudodonor model in irradiated Czochralski-grown
      silicon.

PMID- 9944451
TI  - Silicon donor states in heavily doped thin GaAs-AlAs(001) superlattices.

PMID- 9944452
TI  - Band structure of ZnSe-ZnTe superlattices.

PMID- 9944453
TI  - Thermal modulation of the optical properties of amorphous semiconducting films.

PMID- 9944455
TI  - Magnetotransport in a two-dimensional electron gas with externally induced
      spatial inhomogeneities.

PMID- 9944454
TI  - Adsorption and growth of Sn on Si(100) from synchrotron photoemission studies.

PMID- 9944456
TI  - Nonlinear-process-induced period doubling of a picosecond transient grating in
      CdS.

PMID- 9944457
TI  - Band-gap tailoring of ZnO by means of heavy Al doping.

PMID- 9944458
TI  - Electrons and holes in InSb under crossed magnetic and stress fields. I. Theory.

PMID- 9944459
TI  - Electrons and holes in InSb under crossed magnetic and stress fields. II.
      Recombination radiation.

PMID- 9944461
TI  - Electrons and holes in InSb under crossed magnetic and stress fields. IV.
      Stimulated Raman scattering in the valence bands.

PMID- 9944460
TI  - Electrons and holes in InSb under crossed magnetic and stress fields. III.
      Magnetoreflection.

PMID- 9944463
TI  - Analytical approach to diffusion of hot carriers in n-type GaAs with Gamma -L-X
      band structure.

PMID- 9944462
TI  - Full-potential linear muffin-tin-orbital method.

PMID- 9944464
TI  - Temperature-dependent reaction and atomic redistribution for Ti/GaAs(100)
      interfaces.

PMID- 9944465
TI  - Time-resolved photoinduced absorption of oriented trans-polyacetylene in the
      picosecond to microsecond range.

PMID- 9944466
TI  - Effect of a parallel magnetic field on tunneling in GaAs/AlxGa

PMID- 9944467
TI  - Cluster polarization in Sr1-xCexF2+x: Hopping transport in fractal structures.

PMID- 9944468
TI  - Improved theoretical methods for studies of defects in insulators: Application to
      the F center in LiF.

PMID- 9944469
TI  - Time-resolved photoluminescence of Fe3+ ions in fluorozirconate glass.

PMID- 9944470
TI  - Nonlinear resonant attenuation in glasses and spectral diffusion.

PMID- 9944471
TI  - Localization of multivibrational excitations.

PMID- 9944472
TI  - Frequency-dependent transport properties of UPt3.

PMID- 9944474
TI  - Interpretation of activated resistivity in the quantum Hall regime by a
      statistical model of inhomogeneities.

PMID- 9944473
TI  - Screening of La core holes in LaAl2.

PMID- 9944475
TI  - Low-temperature specific heat of MoSi2.

PMID- 9944477
TI  - Electrical conduction and trapping distributions in tellurium oxide films.

PMID- 9944476
TI  - Quantum lattice fluctuation and subgap optical absorption in trans-polyacetylene.

PMID- 9944478
TI  - Measurement of the Debye-Waller factor for He-LiF(001).

PMID- 9944479
TI  - Erratum: Collective excitations of semi-infinite superlattice structures: Surface
      plasmons, bulk plasmons, and the electron-energy-loss spectrum

PMID- 9944480
TI  - Erratum: Wigner-function model of a resonant-tunneling semiconductor device

PMID- 9944482
TI  - Radiation-enhanced diffusion in amorphous Ni-Zr alloys.

PMID- 9944481
TI  - Lack of evidence for ferromagnetism in the vanadium monolayer on Ag(001).

PMID- 9944483
TI  - Correlation between electron loss and inverse photoemission measurements of
      alkali metals on metal surfaces.

PMID- 9944485
TI  - Apparent barrier height in scanning tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9944484
TI  - Fluctuation effects on the cyclotron resonance spectrum for a two-dimensional
      electron gas.

PMID- 9944486
TI  - Benzene on Pd(110): The first example of nonparallel adsorption.

PMID- 9944487
TI  - Cohesive properties of solids calculated with the simplified total-energy
      functional of Harris.

PMID- 9944488
TI  - Resonant electron surface-barrier scattering on W(001).

PMID- 9944489
TI  - Equivalent-crystal theory of oscillatory surface relaxation.

PMID- 9944490
TI  - Electromodulation of the electronic structure and optical properties of

PMID- 9944492
TI  - Quantum Hall effect and helicon absorption in a superlattice.

PMID- 9944491
TI  - Role of elastic strain and relaxation on the molecular-beam epitaxial growth of
      III-V alloy pseudomorphic layers.

PMID- 9944493
TI  - Anisotropic drift mobility in hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9944494
TI  - Unoccupied surface-state band on Si(111)1 x 1-Ge.

PMID- 9944495
TI  - Observation of a metastable precursor for adsorption of oxygen on Si(111) and the
      activation energy for chemisorption.

PMID- 9944496
TI  - Dynamical correlation corrections to band-edge discontinuities in Si/GaP
      superlattices.

PMID- 9944497
TI  - Effects of spectral diffusion in incoherent photon-echo experiments.

PMID- 9944498
TI  - Distribution of barriers in (KBr)1-x(KCN)x: Dielectric response and specific
      heat.

PMID- 9944499
TI  - Exact eigenvalue equation for a finite and infinite collection of muffin-tin
      potentials.

PMID- 9944500
TI  - Cluster multiple-scattering theory for medium-energy electron diffraction.

PMID- 9944501
TI  - Mechanism for reactive chemistry at metal-semiconductor interfaces.

PMID- 9944502
TI  - Incommensurate charge-density wave and internal symmetries.

PMID- 9944503
TI  - Ellipsometric studies of magnetic phase transitions of Fe-Rh alloys.

PMID- 9944505
TI  - Hardening of the Coulomb gap by electronic polarons.

PMID- 9944504
TI  - Electronic structure of light-impurity-vacancy complex cluster in iron.

PMID- 9944506
TI  - Solvable model of multichannel localization.

PMID- 9944507
TI  - Photoemission from small particles of Ag and Au.

PMID- 9944508
TI  - Chemical and elastic effects on isostructural phase diagrams: The epsilon -G
      approach.

PMID- 9944510
TI  - Electronic structure of metallic liquid Se-Te alloys.

PMID- 9944509
TI  - Probability distributions in a two-parameter scaling theory of localization.

PMID- 9944511
TI  - Tensor-product structure of a new electromagnetic propagator for nonlocal surface
      optics of metals.

PMID- 9944512
TI  - Theoretical estimation of the electric-field gradient in amorphous alloys.

PMID- 9944513
TI  - Jahn-Teller effect and asymptotic behavior of the recursion-method coefficients.

PMID- 9944514
TI  - Electronic structure of cobalt disilicide.

PMID- 9944515
TI  - Electronic structure and properties of CoSi2.

PMID- 9944516
TI  - Ionization probability of sputtered atoms: Band-structure and collisional
      effects.

PMID- 9944517
TI  - High-resolution NMR in bistetramethyltetraselenafulvalenium salts

PMID- 9944518
TI  - Exact Hartree-Fock exchange in one-dimensional metals.

PMID- 9944519
TI  - Third-order elastic constants and energy convexity of deformed cubic crystals
      under different choices of strain measures.

PMID- 9944520
TI  - Cu/Ag(111) interface studied by surface electron energy-loss fine-structure
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9944521
TI  - Electron-electron interaction and localization in d and f transition metals.

PMID- 9944522
TI  - Current- and spin-density-functional theory for inhomogeneous electronic systems
      in strong magnetic fields.

PMID- 9944523
TI  - Jump rates for vacancy diffusion in a Lennard-Jones solid under nonhydrostatic
      stress.

PMID- 9944524
TI  - Scattering-theoretic approach to elastic one-electron tunneling through localized
      barriers: Application to scanning tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9944525
TI  - Power spectra of two-phonon surface polaritons.

PMID- 9944526
TI  - Vibrational excitations in a-Si1-xGex:F, a-Si1-xGex:H, and Ga1-xAlxAs alloys.

PMID- 9944527
TI  - Tuning the interaction between spin-singlet and spin-triplet states of double
      donors with stress.

PMID- 9944528
TI  - Long-wavelength optical phonons in polar superlattices.

PMID- 9944529
TI  - Atomic structure of the arsenic-saturated Si(111) surface.

PMID- 9944530
TI  - Theory of silicon inversion-layer impurity states derived from constant-energy
      ellipsoids oriented parallel to the interface.

PMID- 9944532
TI  - Surface structure of thin epitaxial CoSi2 grown on Si(111).

PMID- 9944531
TI  - Far-infrared and electrical transport studies of oxide-charge-induced localized
      states in a quasi-two-dimensional system.

PMID- 9944533
TI  - Polarized spectral emittance from periodic micromachined surfaces. I. Doped
      silicon: The normal direction.

PMID- 9944534
TI  - Polarized spectral emittance from periodic micromachined surfaces. II. Doped
      silicon: Angular variation.

PMID- 9944536
TI  - Study of the fundamental linewidths of 1S-->nP donor transitions in ultrapure
      germanium.

PMID- 9944535
TI  - Interchain decay of soliton pairs in polyacetylene.

PMID- 9944538
TI  - Quantum size effects in optical properties of CdS-glass composites.

PMID- 9944537
TI  - Zeeman splitting of double-donor spin-triplet levels in silicon.

PMID- 9944539
TI  - New global energy-minimization method.

PMID- 9944540
TI  - Exact propagator of a two-dimensional random system.

PMID- 9944541
TI  - Persistent photoconductivity in semiconductors with defect clusters.

PMID- 9944543
TI  - Indirect optical absorption and radiative recombination in silver bromoiodide.

PMID- 9944542
TI  - Temperature dependence of the hyperfine interactions of 111Cd in germanium.

PMID- 9944544
TI  - Charge-transfer satellites in the 2p core-level photoelectron spectra of heavy
      transition-metal dihalides.

PMID- 9944545
TI  - Spin-lattice relaxation below 1 K: A new mechanism for unexpected nuclear spin
      relaxation.

PMID- 9944546
TI  - Polytope models for local icosahedral packing: An electronic structure analysis.

PMID- 9944547
TI  - Indirect-exchange interaction in copper.

PMID- 9944548
TI  - Symmetry-induced local magnetic moments in icosahedral Al-Mn alloys.

PMID- 9944549
TI  - Self-energy of a positronium atom near a metal surface.

PMID- 9944551
TI  - Comment on "Evolution of intermediate excitons in fluid argon and krypton"

PMID- 9944550
TI  - Core-exciton absorption in the F K absorption spectra of 3d transition-metal
      fluorides.

PMID- 9944553
TI  - Comment on "Microscopic stress tensors in quantum systems"

PMID- 9944552
TI  - Quantum-defect method and valence excitons in rare-gas solids.

PMID- 9944554
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Microscopic stress tensors in quantum systems' "

PMID- 9944556
TI  - Anomalous Th M3O1 x-ray emission spectrum of ThO2.

PMID- 9944555
TI  - Relation between electron localization properties and infrared quenching of
      photoconductivity in hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9944557
TI  - Electromodulation mechanisms for the uncoupled and coupled states of a
      GaAs/Ga0.82Al

PMID- 9944558
TI  - Effect of bulk inversion asymmetry on

PMID- 9944559
TI  - Luminescence of quantum-well exciton polaritons from microstructured AlxGa

PMID- 9944560
TI  - Resonant Raman scattering in metals at the interband absorption threshold.

PMID- 9944561
TI  - Elastic constants of sodium from molecular dynamics.

PMID- 9944562
TI  - Dynamics of tunneling to and from small metal particles.

PMID- 9944563
TI  - Electron-beam-induced "explosive" crystallization of amorphous Se80Te20 alloy
      thin films and oriented growth of crystallites.

PMID- 9944564
TI  - Atomistic analysis of the enhanced-modulus effect in metallic superlattices.

PMID- 9944565
TI  - Noble-metal-CdTe interface formation.

PMID- 9944566
TI  - Resonant enhancement of ultrasound attenuation in mixed-valence metals.

PMID- 9944567
TI  - Structure of the Fermi hole at surfaces.

PMID- 9944568
TI  - Prebreakdown energy absorption from intense laser pulses at 532 nm in NaCl.

PMID- 9944569
TI  - Structural study of amorphous hydrogenated and unhydrogenated titanium carbide
      thin films by extended x-ray-absorption fine structure and extended electron
      energy-loss fine structure.

PMID- 9944570
TI  - Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of
      the electron density.

PMID- 9944571
TI  - Calculated thermal properties of metals.

PMID- 9944572
TI  - Mean-field-theory study of the energetics of icosahedral, decagonal, and
      dodecagonal quasicrystals.

PMID- 9944573
TI  - Far-infrared spectrum of lithium deposited on a gold electrode: Interpretation
      with use of a cluster model.

PMID- 9944574
TI  - Anisotropy of ion-beam-induced self-diffusion in pyrolytic graphite.

PMID- 9944575
TI  - Scattering of evanescent waves with application to atom-surface interactions.

PMID- 9944576
TI  - Chemical bond as a test of density-gradient expansions for kinetic and exchange
      energies.

PMID- 9944577
TI  - Cluster growth and core-electron binding energies in supported metal clusters.

PMID- 9944578
TI  - Cyclotron resonance of high-mobility two-dimensional electrons at extremely low
      densities.

PMID- 9944579
TI  - Unoccupied surface states of (1 x 1) Sb overlayers on GaAs(110) and InP(110).

PMID- 9944581
TI  - Dielectric screening in semiconductors.

PMID- 9944580
TI  - Surface and size effects for impurities in Si clusters.

PMID- 9944582
TI  - A site-percolation threshold for the diamond lattice with diatomic substitution.

PMID- 9944583
TI  - Theoretical and experimental studies of optical absorption in strained quantum
      well structures for optical modulators.

PMID- 9944584
TI  - Low-temperature photoacoustic spectra of BiI3 single crystals.

PMID- 9944585
TI  - Analytical representation of impedance using the Boltzmann equation for nonlinear
      two-terminal device behavior.

PMID- 9944586
TI  - Optical properties and indirect-to-direct transition of GaP/AlP (001)
      superlattices.

PMID- 9944587
TI  - Electronic and optical properties of ultrathin Si/Ge (001) superlattices.

PMID- 9944588
TI  - Two-photon magnetoabsorption of ZnTe, CdTe, and GaAs.

PMID- 9944589
TI  - Exact and approximate results for the mass of a two-dimensional polaron.

PMID- 9944590
TI  - Acoustic plasmons in a conducting double layer.

PMID- 9944591
TI  - Nonequilibrium theory of the optical Stark effect and spectral hole burning in
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9944592
TI  - (AmBn)x copolymers: A computational study of electronic and excitonic properties
      of quasi-one-dimensional superlattices.

PMID- 9944594
TI  - Dynamics of xenon, krypton, and methane monolayers in registry with graphite.

PMID- 9944593
TI  - Influence of surface charge on free-carrier density profiles in GaAs films:
      Application to second-harmonic generation by free carriers.

PMID- 9944595
TI  - Dynamics of solid neon monolayers.

PMID- 9944596
TI  - Two-photon absorption spectroscopy of precipitated phases of Eu2+ in KCl single
      crystals.

PMID- 9944597
TI  - Excited-state absorption spectra of V2+ in KMgF3 and MgF2.

PMID- 9944598
TI  - Problems with the determination of elastic constants from higher-order surface
      waves: Results for Al on NaCl.

PMID- 9944599
TI  - Comment on "Spectroscopy of excited states in In0.53Ga0.47As-InP single quantum
      wells grown by chemical-beam epitaxy"

PMID- 9944600
TI  - Relationship between the pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect and chemical rebonding.

PMID- 9944601
TI  - Pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect and chemical rebonding: Two distinct physical
      phenomena.

PMID- 9944602
TI  - Erratum: Effect of an applied magnetic field on interface excitations in finite
      layered structures

PMID- 9944604
TI  - Soft-acoustic-phonon mode at the phase transition in quasi-one-dimensional
      (NbSe4)3I.

PMID- 9944605
TI  - In situ determination of the structure of an electrodeposited monolayer using
      optical second-harmonic generation.

PMID- 9944606
TI  - Pressure study of metastability in Ga1-xAlxAs/GaAs:Si heterojunctions.

PMID- 9944603
TI  - Evidence for hydrogen motion in annealing of light-induced metastable defects in
      hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9944607
TI  - Temperature dependence of the quantized states in a GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs superlattice.

PMID- 9944608
TI  - Epitaxial growth of GexSi

PMID- 9944610
TI  - Coupling between single-particle and collective excitations in a charge-density
      wave system: Field dependence of nonlinear conduction in the blue bronze
      K0.3MoO3.

PMID- 9944609
TI  - Characterization of the DX center in the indirect AlxGa

PMID- 9944611
TI  - Geometric structure of the Si(111):As-1 x 1 surface.

PMID- 9944612
TI  - Density-functional calculations of the electronic properties of metals by the
      spherical cellular method.

PMID- 9944613
TI  - Eigenvalue equation for a general periodic potential and its multipole expansion
      solution.

PMID- 9944614
TI  - Time-resolved thermal transport in compositionally modulated metal films.

PMID- 9944615
TI  - Conductance fluctuations in one-dimensional quasicrystals.

PMID- 9944616
TI  - Virtual-bound-state effects in core-level spectra of light rare-earth alloys.

PMID- 9944618
TI  - Excitation of surface polaritons via optical nonlinearities: Threshold behavior.

PMID- 9944617
TI  - Experimental electron-density-distribution study of potassium iron disulfide, a
      low-dimensional material.

PMID- 9944619
TI  - Imaginary parts of coupled electron and phonon propagators.

PMID- 9944620
TI  - Structure of Al-(Li,Mg)-Cu icosahedral alloys studied by pulsed neutron
      scattering.

PMID- 9944621
TI  - Kinetics of hydrogen chemisorption by niobium on surfaces.

PMID- 9944623
TI  - Calculated optical properties of semiconductors.

PMID- 9944622
TI  - Light diffraction by KTiOPO4, a quasi-one-dimensional ionic conductor, under a dc
      field.

PMID- 9944624
TI  - Stimulated Brillouin scattering of Alfven waves in compensated semiconductors.

PMID- 9944625
TI  - Determination of the Gd3+-Gd3+ exchange constants from susceptibility
      measurements on Pb1-xGdxTe.

PMID- 9944626
TI  - Band offsets and excitons in CdTe/(Cd,Mn)Te quantum wells.

PMID- 9944627
TI  - Amorphous Si/Ge heterojunctions: Band discontinuities and local order studied by
      photoemission spectroscopy.

PMID- 9944629
TI  - Helical polyacetylene: A first-principles approach.

PMID- 9944628
TI  - Phonon-assisted indirect recombination of bound excitons in N-doped GaP,
      including near-resonant processes.

PMID- 9944630
TI  - Hot-electron relaxation in GaAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9944632
TI  - Two-level approach to saturation properties in semiconductor materials.

PMID- 9944631
TI  - Amorphous hydrogenated silicon-carbon-tin alloy films.

PMID- 9944633
TI  - Nonlinear optics as a probe of chiral ordering in amorphous semiconductors.

PMID- 9944635
TI  - Very large optical nonlinearity of semiconductor microcrystallites.

PMID- 9944634
TI  - Magnetophonon resonance under hydrostatic pressure in GaAs-Al0.28Ga0.72As and
      Ga0.47In0.53As-Al0.48In0.52As heterojunctions.

PMID- 9944637
TI  - Growth-front instabilities in solid-state recrystallization of amorphous GaAs
      films.

PMID- 9944636
TI  - Ab initio bond self-interaction correction calculation of tetrahedrally bonded
      semiconductors and its application to superlattices by the most localized linear
      muffin-tin orbital method.

PMID- 9944638
TI  - Exchange enhancement of the spin splitting in a GaAs-GaxAl

PMID- 9944640
TI  - Microscopic atomic structure and stability of Si-Ge solid solutions.

PMID- 9944639
TI  - First-principles calculations of atomic and electronic structure of the GaAs(110)
      surface.

PMID- 9944642
TI  - Local-environment approach for deep-level defects in semiconductors: Application
      to the vacancy in silicon.

PMID- 9944641
TI  - Thermal growth of SiO2-Si interfaces on a Si(111)7 x 7 surface modified by
      cesium.

PMID- 9944643
TI  - Intersubband Auger recombination in a superlattice.

PMID- 9944644
TI  - Spin-lattice relaxation in p-type gallium arsenide single crystals.

PMID- 9944645
TI  - Stability and electronic structure of ultrathin

PMID- 9944647
TI  - "Ordered" structure in colloidal silica particle suspensions as studied by small
      angle x-ray scattering.

PMID- 9944646
TI  - Sublevels and excitons in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs parabolic-quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9944648
TI  - 4f-ligand hybridization in CeF4 and TbF4 probed by core-level spectroscopies.

PMID- 9944649
TI  - Fully relativistic Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent-potential-approximation
      embedded-cluster-method evaluation of short-range-order effects in substitutional
      alloys containing heavy elements.

PMID- 9944651
TI  - Wake potential of a swift ion near a metal surface.

PMID- 9944650
TI  - Autoionization emission for x-ray-excited Auger spectra in the Compton-scattering
      process.

PMID- 9944653
TI  - Hierarchical structure of a one-dimensional quasiperiodic model.

PMID- 9944652
TI  - Spin-polarized electronic structure of Cr impurities in ZnS.

PMID- 9944655
TI  - Comment on "Determination of valence-band discontinuity via optical transitions
      in ultrathin quantum wells"

PMID- 9944654
TI  - Bound impurity in GaAs-Ga1- kappa Al kappa As quantum-well wires.

PMID- 9944656
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Determination of valence-band discontinuity via optical
      transitions in ultrathin quantum wells' "

PMID- 9944657
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Solvated polaron in an ionic lattice' "

PMID- 9944658
TI  - NMR study of electronic properties of the chemisorption of CO on supported Pt
      catalysts.

PMID- 9944660
TI  - Four-wave-mixing spectroscopy of a Cr3+-doped transparent glass ceramic.

PMID- 9944659
TI  - Platinum-induced changes in the electronic structure of iron.

PMID- 9944661
TI  - Test of diffusion models for the superionic conductor beta -Ag3SBr by silver NMR
      at 1 bar and 7 kbar.

PMID- 9944662
TI  - Quantum theory of local stopping power for fast channeled ions.

PMID- 9944663
TI  - Electronically stimulated sputtering and luminescence from solid argon.

PMID- 9944664
TI  - Ortho-to-para conversion in solid tritium. I. Theoretical models.

PMID- 9944666
TI  - Implications of a nonlinearity in the theory of second sound in solids.

PMID- 9944665
TI  - Ortho-to-para conversion in solid tritium. II. Experimental values.

PMID- 9944668
TI  - Superconductivity and spin-density waves: Application to heavy-fermion materials.

PMID- 9944667
TI  - Effect of long-range Coulomb interactions on the superconducting transition in
      Josephson-junction arrays.

PMID- 9944669
TI  - Magnetic-field dependence of resonance recombination in spin-polarized atomic
      hydrogen.

PMID- 9944671
TI  - Statistical thermodynamics of strongly correlated electrons in a narrow band:
      Fermi liquid versus spin liquid.

PMID- 9944670
TI  - Current distributions of thermal switching in extremely underdamped Josephson
      junctions.

PMID- 9944672
TI  - Path-integral theory of the scattering of 4He atoms at the surface of liquid 4He.

PMID- 9944673
TI  - Discussion of x-ray-absorption near-edge structure: Application to Cu in the high
      Tc superconductors La1.8Sr

PMID- 9944674
TI  - Fast-neutron irradiation of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944675
TI  - Dimerization in the two-dimensional Hubbard model.

PMID- 9944677
TI  - Low-temperature specific heat of the high-Tc superconductors La1.8Sr0.2CuO4-
      delta and RBa2Cu3O7- delta (R=Y, Eu, Ho, Tm, and Yb).

PMID- 9944676
TI  - Far-infrared properties of ab-plane oriented YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944678
TI  - Temperature-dependent far-infrared reflectance of La-Sr-Cu-O and La-Ca-Cu-O:
      Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer electrodynamics but uncertain energy gap.

PMID- 9944679
TI  - Superconductivity in argon-treated Y-Ba-Cu-O system.

PMID- 9944680
TI  - Interaction of holes in a Hubbard antiferromagnet and high-temperature
      superconductivity.

PMID- 9944681
TI  - Thermal and electronic properties of rare-earth Ba2Cu3Ox superconductors.

PMID- 9944683
TI  - Theory of high-temperature superconductivity.

PMID- 9944682
TI  - Chemical composition and electronic structure of high-temperature
      superconductors: Ba2EuCu3O7-x and La2-xSrxCuO4.

PMID- 9944684
TI  - Quantum kinetics of a superconducting tunnel junction: Theory and comparison with
      experiment.

PMID- 9944685
TI  - Quasiparticle spectra and specific heat of a normal Fermi liquid in a spin
      fluctuation model.

PMID- 9944686
TI  - Structure and excitations of liquid-helium films.

PMID- 9944687
TI  - Effect of a quartic anisotropy energy on the "spiral magnetic" coexistence state
      of superconductivity and ferromagnetism.

PMID- 9944688
TI  - Comparison between the correlated-basis-functions method and the density
      functional theory for inhomogeneous systems.

PMID- 9944689
TI  - Electron-phonon coupling in the actinides.

PMID- 9944690
TI  - Comparative optical reflectance study of the superconducting KHg-graphite and
      CsBix-graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9944691
TI  - Anisotropic Ising model on the hexagonal-close-packed lattice.

PMID- 9944692
TI  - Magnetic and magnetoelastic properties of PrNi5 single crystal.

PMID- 9944693
TI  - Wetting and layering in the nearest-neighbor simple-cubic Ising lattice: A Monte
      Carlo investigation.

PMID- 9944694
TI  - Corrections to scaling at two-dimensional Ising transitions.

PMID- 9944696
TI  - Dynamic specific heat of spin glasses: Studies of a spin cluster.

PMID- 9944695
TI  - Polarization dependence of magnetic x-ray scattering.

PMID- 9944697
TI  - Studies of the electronic phase transition in Lu5Ir4Si10 and Lu5Rh4Si10 by 175Lu
      NMR.

PMID- 9944698
TI  - Superionic phase transition of doped fluorites.

PMID- 9944699
TI  - Birefringence dispersion study in (C12H25NH3)2ZnCl4 crystal near its isotropic
      point.

PMID- 9944701
TI  - Structure analysis of modulated molecular crystals: The modulated phase of
      thiourea as described by a molecular displacement model.

PMID- 9944700
TI  - Generating-function approach to the resonating-bond state on the triangular and
      square ladders.

PMID- 9944702
TI  - Fractal structure of diffusion and invasion fronts in three-dimensional lattices
      through the gradient percolation approach.

PMID- 9944703
TI  - Effects of transport coherence on the mutual annihilation of excitons.

PMID- 9944704
TI  - Temperature dependence of the low-frequency magnetic excitations in USb.

PMID- 9944705
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility of diluted magnetic (semimagnetic) semiconductors:
      Further evidence for superexchange.

PMID- 9944706
TI  - Magnetic properties of a degenerate Anderson impurity.

PMID- 9944707
TI  - Anderson localization in Liouville space: The effective dephasing approximation.

PMID- 9944708
TI  - Coherent backscattering of light in the presence of time-reversal-noninvariant
      and parity-nonconserving media.

PMID- 9944709
TI  - Nonconvex interactions: A mechanism for the occurrence of modulated order in
      condensed matter.

PMID- 9944710
TI  - Thermodynamics of the anisotropic electron gas in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9944712
TI  - Density-wave theory of dislocations in crystals.

PMID- 9944711
TI  - Molecular-dynamics study of the local motion in a glass model for Rb1
      x(ND4)xD2PO4.

PMID- 9944714
TI  - Magnetoresistance in heavy-fermion alloys.

PMID- 9944713
TI  - Commensurate phases and the devil's staircase.

PMID- 9944716
TI  - Random coupling crossover in Ising ferromagnets.

PMID- 9944715
TI  - Paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transitions of KH2PO

PMID- 9944717
TI  - Monte Carlo simulations of two-dimensional randomly diluted networks of nonlinear
      resistors.

PMID- 9944718
TI  - Equation of state of solid molecular H2 and D2 at 5 K.

PMID- 9944719
TI  - Theory of a two-level system interacting with a degenerate electron gas. I.
      Partition function.

PMID- 9944720
TI  - Theory of a two-level system interacting with a degenerate electron gas. II.
      Scaling theory of a one-dimensional Coulomb gas.

PMID- 9944721
TI  - Frequency-dependent electric conductivity of field-induced spin-density waves in
      Bechgaard salts.

PMID- 9944722
TI  - Magnetoelastic properties of dysprosium aluminum garnet: Theory.

PMID- 9944723
TI  - New variational approach to the periodic Anderson model.

PMID- 9944724
TI  - Planar classical dipolar system on a honeycomb lattice.

PMID- 9944726
TI  - Lattice dynamics of crystals with tetragonal BaTiO3 structure.

PMID- 9944725
TI  - Q-factor measurements of the bulk resistivity and nonmetal-metal transitions in
      LaHx and CeHx (x >= 2.70).

PMID- 9944727
TI  - Calculations of magnetic x-ray dichroism in the 3d absorption spectra of rare
      earth compounds.

PMID- 9944728
TI  - Two-level model for the nonexponential Williams-Watts dielectric relaxation.

PMID- 9944729
TI  - Raman scattering study of ammonia up to 75 GPa: Evidence for bond symmetrization
      at 60 GPa.

PMID- 9944730
TI  - Molecular-dynamics theory of the temperature-dependent surface phonons of W(001).

PMID- 9944731
TI  - Magnetization of erbium in the ordered and paramagnetic phases.

PMID- 9944732
TI  - Transitions and modulated phases in centrosymmetric ferroelectrics: Mean-field
      and renormalization-group predictions.

PMID- 9944734
TI  - Ground state of the one-dimensional chiral XY model in a field.

PMID- 9944733
TI  - Critical dynamics, finite-size effects, and supersymmetry.

PMID- 9944735
TI  - Momentum dependence of the Stoner excitation spectrum of iron using spin
      polarized electron-energy-loss spectroscopy.

PMID- 9944736
TI  - Asymptotic behaviors of the waiting-time distribution function psi (t) and
      asymptotic solutions of continuous-time random-walk problems.

PMID- 9944737
TI  - Alternative Feynman-diagram method for the general-spin Kondo problem.

PMID- 9944738
TI  - Quasichemical approximation for lattice models with nonadditive interatomic
      interactions.

PMID- 9944739
TI  - Ground-state analysis of ordered superstructures in the basal plane of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944740
TI  - Incoherent inelastic neutron scattering study of the low-frequency phonons in
      superconducting La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 and antiferromagnetic La2CuO4.

PMID- 9944741
TI  - Inequalities for Delta (T)/kBTc: A test for weak-coupling theory applied to high
      Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9944742
TI  - Model for the ground state of La2-zCuO4-y.

PMID- 9944743
TI  - Phase diagram of the superconducting oxide YBa2Cu3O6+ delta.

PMID- 9944744
TI  - Enhancement of the superconducting critical temperature in layered compounds.

PMID- 9944746
TI  - Bond-energy variables for Ising spin-glass dynamics.

PMID- 9944745
TI  - Polarized light scattering study of UPt3.

PMID- 9944747
TI  - EPR determination of the critical exponent of Mn2+-doped (NH

PMID- 9944748
TI  - High-field magnetic resonances in Cd1-xMnxTe at far-infrared energies.

PMID- 9944749
TI  - Pressure-induced phase transitions in LiNH4SO

PMID- 9944750
TI  - Anomalous layering of Fe(CO)5 adsorbed on graphite.

PMID- 9944751
TI  - Dynamics of self-trapping on a dimer with anharmonic coupling.

PMID- 9944752
TI  - Domain-growth kinetics of systems with soft walls.

PMID- 9944753
TI  - Erratum: Low-temperature structural phase transition in La2CuO4

PMID- 9944754
TI  - Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in 3He-

PMID- 9944755
TI  - Thermoelectric power and superconducting properties of Y1Ba

PMID- 9944756
TI  - Magnetization near a Lifshitz point in the high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9944757
TI  - Soft x-ray absorption and emission spectra and the electronic structure of the
      Ba2YCu3O7-x superconductor.

PMID- 9944758
TI  - Ion-channeling study of single-crystal YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944759
TI  - High-resolution x-ray microstructural study of single crystals of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944760
TI  - Effect of oxygen deficiency on the normal and superconducting properties of
      YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944761
TI  - Electronic structure of La4BaCu

PMID- 9944762
TI  - Electron paramagnetic resonance of single-phase pellets of the high-Tc
      superconductor YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944763
TI  - Diffraction evidence for oxygen-vacancy ordering in annealed Ba2YCu3O7- delta
      (0.3 <~ delta <~ 0.4) superconductors.

PMID- 9944764
TI  - Coexistence of antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in a mean-field theory of
      high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9944765
TI  - Large static dielectric constant in the high-temperature phase of polycrystalline
      YBa2Cu3Ox.

PMID- 9944767
TI  - Positron-annihilation studies of the superconductivity transition in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944766
TI  - Implications of crystal-field and intra-atomic interactions for the electronic
      structure of high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9944768
TI  - Possible twin-boundary effect upon the properties of high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9944769
TI  - Electronic properties and magnetism in high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9944770
TI  - Magnetic ordering in the high-temperature superconductor GdBa2Cu

PMID- 9944771
TI  - Quantum structural diagrams and high-Tc superconductivity.

PMID- 9944772
TI  - Flux distribution and penetration depth measured by muon spin rotation in high-Tc
      superconductors.

PMID- 9944773
TI  - Dynamics of spin fluctuations in lanthanum cuprate.

PMID- 9944774
TI  - R0(0) transition in the absorption spectrum of solid hydrogen deuteride (HD).

PMID- 9944775
TI  - Flux quantization in periodic networks containing tiles with irrational ratio of
      areas.

PMID- 9944776
TI  - Aperiodic superconducting phase boundary of periodic micronetworks in a magnetic
      field.

PMID- 9944778
TI  - Stability of anisotropic superconducting phases in UPt3.

PMID- 9944777
TI  - Long-range magnetic ordering in the high-Tc superconductors RBa

PMID- 9944780
TI  - Ground-state staggered magnetization of two-dimensional quantum Heisenberg
      antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9944779
TI  - Critical exponents and corrections to scaling for the two-dimensional self
      avoiding walk.

PMID- 9944781
TI  - Equilibrium magnetic fluctuations in a Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida spin glass.

PMID- 9944783
TI  - Nonuniversal behavior of the cluster properties in continuum systems.

PMID- 9944782
TI  - Ferromagnetic resonance of exchange-coupled magnetic layers.

PMID- 9944784
TI  - Al L2,3 and Mg double-ionization emission spectra of dilute Al in Mg alloys.

PMID- 9944785
TI  - Surface dielectric response of a semimetal: Electron-energy-loss spectroscopy of
      graphite.

PMID- 9944786
TI  - Elastic model for the partially coherent growth of metallic superlattices. I.
      Interdiffusion, strain, and misfit dislocations.

PMID- 9944787
TI  - Elastic model for the partially coherent growth of metallic superlattices. II.
      Coherent to a partially coherent transition.

PMID- 9944788
TI  - Electronic structure and properties of sputtered Ta-Cu films.

PMID- 9944789
TI  - Solid-state reaction in Ce/Ni multilayers studied by x-ray-absorption
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9944790
TI  - Local fluctuations and ordering in liquid and amorphous metals.

PMID- 9944792
TI  - Positronium desorption of positrons bound to alkali-metal-covered Ni surfaces.

PMID- 9944791
TI  - Total-electron-yield current measurements for near-surface extended x-ray
      absorption fine structure.

PMID- 9944794
TI  - Quantum diagrams of transition-metal-metalloid defect structures.

PMID- 9944793
TI  - Role of density in Raman scattering of iodine.

PMID- 9944795
TI  - Adsorption of molecules on free-electron-like metals: CO on Al(100).

PMID- 9944796
TI  - Metal-insulator transition of elemental iodine under pressure.

PMID- 9944797
TI  - Relation of transport properties to microstructure of implanted Ni

PMID- 9944799
TI  - In situ infrared spectroscopy of the oxide-liquid interface: Pyridine on aluminum
      oxide.

PMID- 9944798
TI  - Diamagnetic susceptibility of a dense electron gas.

PMID- 9944800
TI  - Observation of stress-tuned magnetic-field-induced anticrossing in As-doped
      germanium.

PMID- 9944802
TI  - Electric field dependence of intrasubband polar-optical-phonon scattering in a
      quantum well.

PMID- 9944801
TI  - Ab initio study of charged polyenes as charge-carrier models in conducting
      polymers.

PMID- 9944803
TI  - Dispersion and dipole activity of surface phonons on Si(111) 2 x 1.

PMID- 9944804
TI  - Optical-absorption coefficient of In1-xGaxAs/InP.

PMID- 9944805
TI  - Optically detected magnetic resonance studies of the 1.911-eV Cu-related complex
      in GaP.

PMID- 9944806
TI  - Two deep (PGa-Cu)-related neutral complex defects in GaP studied with optically
      detected magnetic resonance.

PMID- 9944807
TI  - Transfer processes for excitons bound to complex defects in GaP studied by
      optical detection of magnetic resonance.

PMID- 9944808
TI  - Effect of electron-electron scattering on nonequilibrium transport in quantum
      well systems.

PMID- 9944810
TI  - Nonradiative recombination via deep impurity levels in semiconductors: The
      excitonic Auger mechanism.

PMID- 9944809
TI  - Time dynamics of free- and bound-exciton luminescence in CdSe under low- and high
      intensity excitation.

PMID- 9944812
TI  - Phonon interactions at the deep platinum acceptor in silicon.

PMID- 9944811
TI  - Theoretical calculations of hyperfine interactions of the Jahn-Teller distorted
      single vacancy in silicon.

PMID- 9944813
TI  - Metallic CaSi2 epitaxial films on Si(111).

PMID- 9944814
TI  - Effects on vibrational and electronic properties of removing hydrogen atoms in
      hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9944815
TI  - Plasmon broadening and temperature effects on the plasmon-phonon-assisted
      recombination in silicon.

PMID- 9944816
TI  - Nonequilibrium phonon effects on hot-electron transport in semiconductor
      heterojunctions.

PMID- 9944817
TI  - Optical transitions in neutron-irradiated MgAl2O

PMID- 9944819
TI  - Simulation of the structure of amorphous silicon dioxide.

PMID- 9944818
TI  - Dynamic effects of the impurity potential and electron interactions on a soliton
      in trans-polyacetylene.

PMID- 9944820
TI  - Raman scattering from solid argon at high pressure.

PMID- 9944822
TI  - Asymptotic behavior of relaxation and reconstruction near crystalline surfaces.

PMID- 9944821
TI  - Use of local-density pseudopotentials in Hartree-Fock calculations.

PMID- 9944824
TI  - Multilayer reconstruction and vibrational properties of W(001).

PMID- 9944823
TI  - Valence of Sm adsorbed on Pd(001).

PMID- 9944825
TI  - Difference in total energy between bcc and fcc iron.

PMID- 9944827
TI  - Resonant and nonresonant polarons in semiconductors.

PMID- 9944826
TI  - Electromagnetic generation of acoustic waves in metals.

PMID- 9944828
TI  - Influence of oxygen in the formation of isoelectronic complexes in implanted
      Si:In.

PMID- 9944829
TI  - High-energy x-ray anomalous dispersion correction for silicon.

PMID- 9944831
TI  - Low-temperature conductivity of semiconductors doped heavily with nonhydrogenic
      impurities.

PMID- 9944830
TI  - Geometric structure of the Si(111) sqrt 3 x sqrt 3-Ga surface.

PMID- 9944832
TI  - Exciton-tunneling-lifetime enhancement by the Coulomb interaction in a quantum
      well with a perpendicular field.

PMID- 9944834
TI  - Observation of the wave-vector dependence of the central mode by hyper-Raman
      scattering and the Au-optical-phonon-central-mode coupling in CsH2PO

PMID- 9944833
TI  - Simple derivation of exponential tails in the density of states.

PMID- 9944835
TI  - Comment on "Atomic model for the EL2 defect in GaAs"

PMID- 9944836
TI  - Erratum: Magnetoplasma modes in thin films in the Faraday configuration

PMID- 9944838
TI  - Dynamics of the dissipative multiwell system.

PMID- 9944837
TI  - Resonance broadening of the light-hole exciton in GaAs/AlxGa

PMID- 9944839
TI  - Model dielectric matrices for quasiparticle self-energy calculations.

PMID- 9944840
TI  - Resonant Raman-active acoustic phonons in the mixed amorphous-microcrystalline
      phase of ion-implanted GaAs.

PMID- 9944841
TI  - Charge-density waves observed at 4.2 K by scanning-tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9944842
TI  - Real-space and magnetic-field correlation of quantum-resistance fluctuations in
      the ballistic regime in narrow GaAs-AlxGa

PMID- 9944843
TI  - Structure of Si-Ge amorphous-semiconductor heterojunctions.

PMID- 9944844
TI  - Optically detected magnetic resonance in oxygen-doped GaP.

PMID- 9944845
TI  - Magnetoresistance in a GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterostructure with double subband
      occupancy.

PMID- 9944846
TI  - Theory of heavy-hole magnetoexcitons in GaAs-(Al,Ga)As quantum-well
      heterostructures.

PMID- 9944847
TI  - Surface phonon dispersion on Cu(111).

PMID- 9944848
TI  - Structural perfection of the Si(111)-(1 x 1) As surface.

PMID- 9944849
TI  - Donor-hydrogen complexes in passivated silicon.

PMID- 9944850
TI  - Fabrication of a GaAs quantum-well-wire structure by Ga focused-ion-beam
      implantation and its optical properties.

PMID- 9944852
TI  - First-principles calculation of the electric-field gradient in hcp metals.

PMID- 9944851
TI  - Theory of dielectric breakdown in metal-loaded dielectrics.

PMID- 9944853
TI  - Localized states and self-similar states of electrons on a two-dimensional
      Penrose lattice.

PMID- 9944855
TI  - Studies of angle-resolved photoelectron spectra from oriented NiCO: A model for
      adsorbed CO.

PMID- 9944854
TI  - Second-harmonic generation at metal surfaces using an extended Thomas-Fermi-von
      Weizsacker theory.

PMID- 9944856
TI  - Transport properties of TaSe3.

PMID- 9944857
TI  - Anisotropic packing and diffraction-peak shifts in icosahedral glasses.

PMID- 9944858
TI  - Local-environment effects on the density of states and substitutional impurities
      in random alloys.

PMID- 9944859
TI  - Resistivity study on the production and migration of helium in LuTr (r <= 0.20).

PMID- 9944860
TI  - Nonlocality in the density-functional description of bonding in Li2, N2, O2, and
      F2.

PMID- 9944861
TI  - Effect of peening on structure and volume in a liquid-quenched Pd0.835Si0.165
      glass.

PMID- 9944863
TI  - Electronic structure and geometries of heteroatomic clusters.

PMID- 9944862
TI  - Observation of Kondo resonance in YbAl3.

PMID- 9944864
TI  - Empirical band calculations of the optical properties of d-band metals. V.
      Practical aspects of a bcc interpolation scheme.

PMID- 9944866
TI  - Two-dimensional boundary conditions and finite-size effects in angle-resolved
      photoelectron emission spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, and high
      resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy.

PMID- 9944865
TI  - Empirical band calculations of the optical properties of d-band metals. VI. The
      optical conductivity of ferromagnetic iron.

PMID- 9944867
TI  - Interplay of surface misfit and monatomic steps on crystal surfaces. I. Basic
      theory.

PMID- 9944868
TI  - Interplay of surface misfit and monatomic steps on crystal surfaces. II.
      Dependence of energy of formation on step orientation.

PMID- 9944869
TI  - Interstitial migration of hydrogen and helium in platinum.

PMID- 9944871
TI  - Raman-scattering study of the high-pressure phase transition in Zn1-xMnxSe.

PMID- 9944870
TI  - Optical studies of porous glass media containing silver particles.

PMID- 9944872
TI  - Transient and steady-state electron transport in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterojunctions
      at low temperatures: The effects of electron-electron interactions.

PMID- 9944874
TI  - Surface metallization of silicon by potassium adsorption on Si(001)-(2 x 1).

PMID- 9944873
TI  - Polaron band theory as linearized soliton theory.

PMID- 9944876
TI  - Electronic structure due to hydrogen and vanadium as substitutional impurities in
      InP.

PMID- 9944875
TI  - Thermal recovery of photoquenched EL2 infrared absorption in GaAs.

PMID- 9944878
TI  - Hot-electron transport for many-valley semiconductors by the method of
      nonequilibrium statistical operators.

PMID- 9944877
TI  - X-ray structural study of amorphous Mo-Ge films.

PMID- 9944879
TI  - Stability of bulk and pseudomorphic epitaxial semiconductors and their alloys.

PMID- 9944880
TI  - Dispersive-linear-chain approach to the interpretation of surface phonons:
      Application to GaSe(001) and TaSe2(001).

PMID- 9944881
TI  - Resonant Raman scattering on localized states due to disorder in GaAs1-xPx
      alloys.

PMID- 9944882
TI  - Excitonic transitions in GaAs/GaxAl1-xAs quantum wells observed by
      photoreflectance spectroscopy: Comparison with a first-principles theory.

PMID- 9944884
TI  - Molecular-cluster studies of defects in silicon lattices. III. Dangling-bond
      reconstruction at the core of a 90 degrees partial dislocation in silicon.

PMID- 9944885
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission study of CuI.

PMID- 9944883
TI  - Landau-level width: Magnetic-field and temperature dependences.

PMID- 9944886
TI  - Picosecond radiationless electronic relaxation of the Ga0(1) and In0(1) defects
      in KCl.

PMID- 9944887
TI  - Mossbauer studies of the 6.2-keV gamma rays of 181Ta in 2H-LixTaS2 (0 <= x <=
      0.95).

PMID- 9944888
TI  - Polaron effective mass.

PMID- 9944890
TI  - Filling-factor-dependent cyclotron mass in space-charge layers on GaAs.

PMID- 9944889
TI  - Lattice mechanics of divalent-metal carbonates.

PMID- 9944892
TI  - Ultrasonic velocity, attenuation, and nonlinearity constant in pure and Cd-doped
      KCl.

PMID- 9944891
TI  - Effective-mass-mismatch-induced intersubband absorption line broadening in
      semiconductor quantum wells.

PMID- 9944893
TI  - Monitoring the surface oxidation process with an energy-tunable monoenergetic
      positron beam.

PMID- 9944894
TI  - Electron correlation and magnetism in NiS: Implications of photoemission spectra.

PMID- 9944895
TI  - Vibrational-mode theory of acceptor-hydrogen complexes in silicon.

PMID- 9944896
TI  - Well-resolved higher excited states of the light- and heavy-hole free excitons in
      a 225-A

PMID- 9944897
TI  - Chemical bond at the Si(111)/Yb interface via Auger line-shape spectroscopy
      analysis.

PMID- 9944899
TI  - Difference between the quasiparticle and the Kohn-Sham-Fermi surfaces.

PMID- 9944898
TI  - Possibility of charge transfer between dimer atoms on Si(100)-(2 x 1).

PMID- 9944901
TI  - Calculation of electronic and structural properties of BC3.

PMID- 9944900
TI  - Theory of magnetoexcitons in quantum wells.

PMID- 9944902
TI  - Evidence of phonon drag in the thermopower of a GaAs-Ga0.68Al

PMID- 9944903
TI  - One-dimensional diffusion-limited staging transition in graphite intercalation
      compounds.

PMID- 9944904
TI  - Muon spin rotation and magnetic order in the heavy-fermion compound URu2Si2.

PMID- 9944905
TI  - Nuclear magnetic and quadrupole resonance in metallic powders in the presence of
      strong quadrupole interaction: Rhenium metal.

PMID- 9944906
TI  - Characterization of multilayer rough surfaces by use of surface-plasmon
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9944908
TI  - Jahn-Teller effects in the near-infrared absorption spectrum of MgO:Fe2+

PMID- 9944907
TI  - Desorption of neutrals by temporary ionization of atoms and molecules physisorbed
      on a metal surface: Quantum-mechanical versus classical approach.

PMID- 9944909
TI  - Distribution function for the orientational order parameters in solid H2 and D2.

PMID- 9944911
TI  - Structural and electronic properties of hydrogen in the potassium-hydrogen
      graphite ternary intercalation compound C8KH

PMID- 9944910
TI  - Fourier-transform method for accurate analysis of Mossbauer spectra.

PMID- 9944912
TI  - Optical and EPR investigations of Np4+ in single crystals of ZrSiO4.

PMID- 9944914
TI  - Structure, soft modes, and superconductivity in Cl-doped cadmium sulfide.

PMID- 9944913
TI  - Single-crystal Mossbauer measurement of the critical exponent beta in the random
      exchange Ising system Fe0.9Zn

PMID- 9944915
TI  - Quantum statistical mechanics of an array of resistively shunted Josephson
      junctions.

PMID- 9944917
TI  - Momentum-dependent electron self-energy in nearly ferromagnetic systems:
      Comparison of spin fluctuations and phonons.

PMID- 9944916
TI  - Elastic constants of NbC and MoN: Instability of B1-MoN.

PMID- 9944918
TI  - Superconductivity in primitive hexagonal germanium.

PMID- 9944919
TI  - Evolution and structure of hot drops in a cold fluid.

PMID- 9944920
TI  - Lagrangian of superfluid 3He.

PMID- 9944921
TI  - Novel tunneling technique for measuring electron scattering rates in
      superconductors: Application to Sn and Sn-In films.

PMID- 9944922
TI  - Andreev scattering at a rough surface of 3He-B.

PMID- 9944923
TI  - Suppression of heavy fermions by high fields in CeCu6.

PMID- 9944925
TI  - Phase separation in isotopic helium mixtures.

PMID- 9944924
TI  - Analog simulation of coupled superconducting weak links: Locking and chaos.

PMID- 9944926
TI  - Theory of the normal resistivity and specific heat of high-temperature
      superconducting materials.

PMID- 9944927
TI  - Far-infrared spectroscopy of RBa2Cu3Ox with variations in R and x.

PMID- 9944928
TI  - Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure experiment on the high-Tc superconductor
      YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944930
TI  - Effect of disorder on the resonating-valence-bond model of high-temperature
      superconductivity: Relationship to experiments.

PMID- 9944929
TI  - Raman and infrared studies of Sr2TiO4: A material isomorphic to (La,Sr)2CuO4
      superconductors.

PMID- 9944931
TI  - Correlation of dopant-induced optical transitions with superconductivity in La2
      xSrxCuO4- delta.

PMID- 9944932
TI  - Dynamical response of antiferromagnets in an oblique magnetic field: Application
      to surface magnons.

PMID- 9944933
TI  - Effect of irradiation-induced defects in the lock-in transition of Rb2ZnBr4.

PMID- 9944934
TI  - Phase transitions in magnetic superlattices.

PMID- 9944935
TI  - Vibronically induced two-exciton bands in KMnF3 and RbMnF3.

PMID- 9944936
TI  - Tunneling through a spin-polarizing barrier: Boltzmann-equation study.

PMID- 9944938
TI  - Dipolar broadening in magnetically diluted lattices.

PMID- 9944937
TI  - Constant-phase-angle and power-law regimes in the frequency response of a general
      determinate fractal circuit.

PMID- 9944939
TI  - Topology and elastic properties of depleted media.

PMID- 9944940
TI  - Neutron scattering study of the itinerant-electron magnet YMn2.

PMID- 9944941
TI  - Combined extended x-ray-absorption fine structure and diffraction study of Kr
      adsorbed on graphite.

PMID- 9944943
TI  - Specific-heat measurements of HoxY

PMID- 9944942
TI  - Ordering in the quenched two-dimensional axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising model.

PMID- 9944944
TI  - Self-consistent full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave local-density
      electronic-structure studies of magnetism and superconductivity in C15 compounds:
      ZrZn2 and ZrV2.

PMID- 9944946
TI  - Dependence of the conductivity of a porous medium on electrolyte conductivity.

PMID- 9944945
TI  - High-field magnons in ferromagnets with random anisotropy axes.

PMID- 9944947
TI  - Phase transitions of ethylene on graphite.

PMID- 9944948
TI  - Two-dimensional crystalline phases of CF3H adsorbed on graphite.

PMID- 9944949
TI  - Anisotropic renormalization-group transformations.

PMID- 9944950
TI  - Lattice-soliton scattering in nonlinear atomic chains.

PMID- 9944951
TI  - Electron polaron effects in heavy-electron systems.

PMID- 9944952
TI  - Equilibrium thermodynamics of models of hydrogen bonding in lipid bilayer
      membranes: The amide model.

PMID- 9944953
TI  - Density of states of a sparse random matrix.

PMID- 9944954
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility and spin-glass behavior in the pseudo-one-dimensional
      mixed system

PMID- 9944956
TI  - Light scattering in strongly scattering media: Multiple scattering and weak
      localization.

PMID- 9944955
TI  - Yang-Lee edge singularity in systems with correlated disorder.

PMID- 9944958
TI  - Ferroelectric phase transition in RbH2PO

PMID- 9944957
TI  - Spin fluctuations in Y(Co1-xAlx

PMID- 9944959
TI  - Theory of the magnetization and exchange-enhanced susceptibility of alloys. I.
      Zero-temperature susceptibility of paramagnetic alloys in the random-phase
      approximation.

PMID- 9944961
TI  - Numerical solution of spin systems and the S=(1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet
      using guided random walks.

PMID- 9944960
TI  - Theory of the magnetization and exchange-enhanced susceptibility of alloys. II.
      Zero-temperature magnetization and susceptibility in the presence of moments.

PMID- 9944962
TI  - Coherent backscattering of light by disordered media: The vector nature of a
      photon.

PMID- 9944963
TI  - Raman spectroscopy in high-temperature superconducting materials.

PMID- 9944964
TI  - Transport mechanisms in Y1Ba2Cu3O6+ delta superconductors in the metallic and the
      semiconducting regimes.

PMID- 9944966
TI  - Resonating valence bonds and d-wave superconductivity.

PMID- 9944965
TI  - Raman spectra of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944967
TI  - Field-induced anisotropy in high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9944968
TI  - Theory of the Jahn-Teller-Kondo effect.

PMID- 9944969
TI  - Ultrasonic-attenuation measurements in single-phased YBa2

PMID- 9944971
TI  - Cooperative weak links in sintered Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor.

PMID- 9944970
TI  - Oxygen order-disorder transition in the superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+ delta.

PMID- 9944972
TI  - Ultramicroanalysis of Y-Ba-Cu-O ceramics with the atom-probe microscope.

PMID- 9944973
TI  - Vibrating-reed studies of flux pinning in the superconducting metallic glass
      Zr70Cu

PMID- 9944974
TI  - Correction to acoustic transmission through a rough solid-superfluid 4He
      interface (due to coupling between pressure and temperature waves in the liquid).

PMID- 9944975
TI  - Effective-medium approach for the conductivity of dispersed ionic conductors.

PMID- 9944976
TI  - Crystal structure of Li2FeS2.

PMID- 9944977
TI  - Behavior of an Ising model with randomly mixed classical and quantal spins.

PMID- 9944979
TI  - Dynamic shear modulus for two-dimensional bond percolation.

PMID- 9944978
TI  - Static magnetic susceptibility of Zn1-xMnxSe.

PMID- 9944980
TI  - Finite-size scaling for the restricted solid-on-solid model of the two
      dimensional wetting transition.

PMID- 9944981
TI  - Stretched exponential decay of the spin-correlation function in the kinetic Ising
      model below the critical temperature.

PMID- 9944982
TI  - Theory of nonlinear standing waves in a two-dimensional system of charged
      particles.

PMID- 9944983
TI  - Erratum: Low-temperature neutron irradiation effects on superconducting Y-Ba-Cu
      oxides

PMID- 9944984
TI  - Preparation of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 from the corresponding metal formates.

PMID- 9944985
TI  - Spin-fluctuation-induced superconductivity in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944987
TI  - Inverse photoemission studies of the high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9944986
TI  - Evidence for peroxide formation in superconducting YBa2-xLaxCu3O7+/- delta.

PMID- 9944988
TI  - Synchrotron-radiation photoemission studies of interface formation between metals
      and superconductors: Al and In on YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944989
TI  - Superconductivity above 20 K in the Ba-K-Bi-O system.

PMID- 9944990
TI  - Interaction of H2O with a high-temperature superconductor.

PMID- 9944991
TI  - Topological defect condensation and high-temperature superconductivity.

PMID- 9944992
TI  - Ion-beam-induced destruction of superconducting phase coherence in YBa2Cu3O7-
      delta.

PMID- 9944994
TI  - Low-temperature specific heat of single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9944993
TI  - Effective Hamiltonian for the superconducting Cu oxides.

PMID- 9944995
TI  - Softening of Cu-O vibrational modes as a precursor to onset of superconductivity
      in EuBa2Cu

PMID- 9944996
TI  - Mossbauer study of the lattice dynamics in 119Sn-doped superconducting and
      nonsuperconducting YBa2Cu

PMID- 9944997
TI  - Large-n limit of the Heisenberg-Hubbard model: Implications for high-Tc
      superconductors.

PMID- 9944998
TI  - Chaos in pulse-driven Josephson junctions.

PMID- 9944999
TI  - Charge fluctuations, spin fluctuations, and superconductivity in the Anderson
      lattice model of heavy-fermion systems.

PMID- 9945000
TI  - Systems with resonating-valence-bond ground states: Correlations and excitations.

PMID- 9945001
TI  - Theory of charge-imbalance relaxation in anisotropic heavy-fermion
      superconductors.

PMID- 9945003
TI  - Cell-dynamics approach to late-stage domain growth in phase-separating systems.

PMID- 9945002
TI  - Theory of deep inelastic neutron scattering on quantum fluids.

PMID- 9945004
TI  - Observed microscopic structure in the simulation of multilayers.

PMID- 9945005
TI  - High-field magnetoconductivity of electrons on hydrogen.

PMID- 9945007
TI  - Resonating-valence-bond state: Comments on the antiferromagnetic ordering of the
      two-dimensional Heisenberg model.

PMID- 9945006
TI  - Model for the orientation, magnetic field, and temperature dependence of the
      specific heat of CeCu6.

PMID- 9945008
TI  - Universality of surface critical behavior of the three-dimensional Ising model in
      a random surface field.

PMID- 9945009
TI  - First-order wetting transition in d=2 systems with short-range interactions:
      Exact solution.

PMID- 9945010
TI  - Monte Carlo study of nonuniversal wetting behavior in (2+1) dimensions.

PMID- 9945011
TI  - Nonexponential relaxation in spin glasses and glassy systems.

PMID- 9945012
TI  - Computer study of the electrical noise in high-dimensional percolating systems.

PMID- 9945013
TI  - Scaling in cascades of transitions.

PMID- 9945014
TI  - Interface at general orientation in a two-dimensional Ising model.

PMID- 9945015
TI  - Anharmonic vibrational modes of chemisorbed H on the Rh(001) surface.

PMID- 9945017
TI  - Nucleation and amorphous and crystalline growth: A dynamical model in two
      dimensions.

PMID- 9945016
TI  - Zener tunneling and localization in small conducting rings.

PMID- 9945018
TI  - Phase stability of ternary alloys in the four-sublattice Bragg-Williams
      approximation.

PMID- 9945019
TI  - Resistivity and transverse magnetoresistance in ultrathin films of pure bismuth.

PMID- 9945020
TI  - Triple-shell symmetry in alpha -(Al,Si)-Mn.

PMID- 9945021
TI  - Spectral momentum density of graphite from (e,2e) spectroscopy: Comparison with
      first-principles calculation.

PMID- 9945022
TI  - Analytic nearest-neighbor model for fcc metals.

PMID- 9945024
TI  - Crystallization of icosahedral Al86Mn

PMID- 9945023
TI  - Bargmann's theorem and position-dependent effective mass.

PMID- 9945025
TI  - Electron-phonon thermodynamic potential and magnetism of a metal.

PMID- 9945026
TI  - Real-space interpretation of x-ray-excited Auger-electron diffraction from
      Cu(001).

PMID- 9945027
TI  - Molecular dynamics of Rayleigh waves in Lennard-Jones crystals.

PMID- 9945029
TI  - Quasiperiodic packing densities.

PMID- 9945028
TI  - Electrical resistivity of polycrystalline niobium nitride films.

PMID- 9945030
TI  - Wave propagation in a one-dimensional quasiperiodic medium: Localization and
      intermittency.

PMID- 9945031
TI  - Initial growth modes of Ag on Ni(100) and Ni(111) determined by planimetry with
      adsorbed CO.

PMID- 9945032
TI  - Bonding and reconstruction of the W(001) surface.

PMID- 9945033
TI  - Magnetoexcitons in quasiperiodic superlattices.

PMID- 9945034
TI  - Self-consistent weighted-density approximation for the electron gas. I. Bulk
      properties.

PMID- 9945035
TI  - Self-consistent weighted-density approximation for the electron gas. II. The
      metal surface.

PMID- 9945037
TI  - Photoluminescence and photoconductivity measurements on band-edge offsets in
      strained molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown InxGa

PMID- 9945036
TI  - Electronic behavior of Ga2/3PS

PMID- 9945038
TI  - Polarons, bipolarons, and their effect on optical spectra in doped
      polyselenophene.

PMID- 9945040
TI  - Recombination in disordered semiconductors: The nearest-available-neighbor
      distribution.

PMID- 9945039
TI  - Electroreflectance and photoreflectance study of the space-charge region in
      semiconductors: (In-Sn-O)/InP as a model system.

PMID- 9945042
TI  - Allowed 3h-1e transition in semiconductor quantum wells.

PMID- 9945041
TI  - Continuum studies of magnetic polarons and bipolarons in antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9945043
TI  - Magnetooptics and excitation spectroscopy: Two efficient methods for
      distinguishing excitons bound to different acceptor centers in CdS.

PMID- 9945045
TI  - Coupled Brillouin-Raman study of direct and folded acoustic modes in GaAs-AlAs
      superlattices.

PMID- 9945044
TI  - Theory of light scattering by longitudinal-acoustic phonons in superlattices.

PMID- 9945046
TI  - Anomalous temperature-dependent band gaps in CuInS2 studied by surface-barrier
      electroreflectance.

PMID- 9945047
TI  - Model tunneling problems in a high magnetic field.

PMID- 9945048
TI  - Neutral donor-acceptor-pair recombination under a uniform electric field.

PMID- 9945050
TI  - Theory of exchange interactions and chemical trends in diluted magnetic
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9945049
TI  - Elastic constants and density of states of a molecular-dynamics model of
      amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9945051
TI  - Indium-doped GaAs: A very dilute alloy system.

PMID- 9945052
TI  - Mixing of valence subbands in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs multiple quantum wells by uniaxial
      stress.

PMID- 9945053
TI  - Magnetoexcitons in a narrow single GaAs-Ga0.5Al0.5As quantum well grown by
      molecular-beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9945054
TI  - Effect of oxygen on the migration of the carbon interstitial defect in silicon.

PMID- 9945055
TI  - Lattice-simulation investigation of the migration of lithium in C6Li.

PMID- 9945056
TI  - High-resolution infrared study of the neutralization of silicon donors in gallium
      arsenide.

PMID- 9945057
TI  - Bremsstrahlung-isochromat study of the layered compounds InSe, TiSe2, SnSe2,
      SnS2, and Bi2Te3.

PMID- 9945058
TI  - Resonance tunneling in a periodic time-dependent external field.

PMID- 9945059
TI  - Mechanisms of thermal equilibration in doped amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9945061
TI  - Network dynamics of chalcogenide glasses. I. Germanium diselenide.

PMID- 9945060
TI  - X-ray photoemission spectroscopy of alkali-metal antimonide photocathodes:
      Valence-band spectra.

PMID- 9945062
TI  - Network dynamics of chalcogenide glasses. II. Silicon diselenide.

PMID- 9945064
TI  - High-pressure Raman study of CeO2 to 35 GPa and pressure-induced phase
      transformation from the fluorite structure.

PMID- 9945063
TI  - Interatomic radiative transition rates for the sodium fluoride crystal.

PMID- 9945065
TI  - Systematics of chemical and structural disorder on band-edge properties of
      semiconductor alloys.

PMID- 9945066
TI  - Experimental evidence for lattice instability of potassium at low temperatures.

PMID- 9945067
TI  - Field-ion-microscopy contradiction of the quasicrystal model based on twinning of
      a cubic crystal.

PMID- 9945068
TI  - Thermodynamic properties of defects in crystals calculated on the basis of the
      bulk elastic data.

PMID- 9945069
TI  - Erratum: Fourth-order gradient expansion of the fermion kinetic energy: Extra
      terms for nonanalytic densities

PMID- 9945070
TI  - Phase-formation diagram for precursors to epitaxial growth of NiSi2 on Si(111).

PMID- 9945072
TI  - Landauer-type formulation of quantum-Hall transport: Critical currents and narrow
      channels.

PMID- 9945071
TI  - Magnetic local-moment effects in the quasi-one-dimensional conductor
      Cu(triazatetrabenzporphyrinato)I.

PMID- 9945073
TI  - Microwave conductivity and dielectric constant of tetramethyltetrathiafulvalene
      salts

PMID- 9945075
TI  - Direct observations of the deuterium-induced surface reconstruction of the
      Ni(110) plane.

PMID- 9945074
TI  - Evidence for a covalent surface KCN species on Pd(100) from inter- atomic Auger
      transitions.

PMID- 9945076
TI  - Tunneling microscopy of 2H-MoS2: A compound semiconductor surface.

PMID- 9945078
TI  - Study of the single-particle and transport lifetimes in GaAs/AlxGa

PMID- 9945077
TI  - Structural and electronic properties of a surface alloy of Pd and Cu on Cu{001}

PMID- 9945080
TI  - Strain-induced conduction-band nonparabolicity of GaAs-GaAs1-xPx superlattices.

PMID- 9945079
TI  - Upper-subband transport in GaAs heterostructures.

PMID- 9945081
TI  - Luminescence from quantized exciton-polariton states in Cd1-xZnxTe/CdTe/Cd1
      xZnxTe thin-layer heterostructures.

PMID- 9945082
TI  - Subband spacings of quasi-one-dimensional inversion channels on InSb.

PMID- 9945083
TI  - Quantum size effect in monolayer-doped heterostructures.

PMID- 9945084
TI  - Expansion of the electron-hole plasma in Si: A picosecond time-resolved Raman
      probe.

PMID- 9945086
TI  - Direct measurement of exchange as a function of separation for discrete donor
      acceptor pairs in ZnSe.

PMID- 9945085
TI  - Observation of strain in the Si(111) 7 x 7 surface.

PMID- 9945087
TI  - Minimal tight-binding Hamiltonian for semiconductors.

PMID- 9945088
TI  - Mechanism of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in insulators at very low
      temperatures.

PMID- 9945089
TI  - Universality relationships in condensed matter: Bulk modulus and sound velocity.

PMID- 9945090
TI  - Concentration and temperature dependence of hydrogen vibrations along the c axis
      for hydrogen in yttrium: Evidence of dynamically coupled hydrogen pairs.

PMID- 9945091
TI  - Thermal attenuation in atom-surface scattering: A useful approximation.

PMID- 9945092
TI  - Systematic ab initio configuration-interaction study of alkali-metal clusters.
      II. Relation between electronic structure and geometry of small sodium clusters.

PMID- 9945093
TI  - Structure and electronic properties of Thue-Morse lattices.

PMID- 9945094
TI  - Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure studies of diamond and graphite.

PMID- 9945095
TI  - Excimer formation as the relaxation of a nonlinear oscillator: Theory of Y
      states.

PMID- 9945096
TI  - Localization for correlated binary-alloy disorder.

PMID- 9945097
TI  - Growth and electronic structure of ultrathin palladium films on Al(111) and their
      interaction with oxygen and carbon monoxide.

PMID- 9945098
TI  - Elastic quantum resistance between metallic interfaces.

PMID- 9945099
TI  - Electronic transport properties of NiPS3.

PMID- 9945100
TI  - Diffusion and trapping of muons in aluminum: New experiments and comparison with
      Kondo theory.

PMID- 9945101
TI  - Density-functional theory of elastic moduli: Hard-sphere and Lennard-Jones
      crystals.

PMID- 9945102
TI  - Diffuse scattering from quasicrystals.

PMID- 9945103
TI  - Quantum size effect observed in ultrafine magnesium particles.

PMID- 9945104
TI  - Unoccupied-electronic-band structure of graphite studied by angle-resolved
      secondary-electron emission and inverse photoemission.

PMID- 9945105
TI  - Tunneling current between two nonplanar surfaces.

PMID- 9945106
TI  - 57Co Mossbauer study of the recovery process of electron-irradiated gold.

PMID- 9945108
TI  - Simultaneous measurements of resistivity and thermopower of orthorhombic TaS3
      under pressure.

PMID- 9945107
TI  - Positive Hall effect in paramagnetic amorphous Zr-Fe.

PMID- 9945109
TI  - Electronic-structure and local-order study of GexSe

PMID- 9945111
TI  - Dipole effects and band offsets at semiconductor interfaces.

PMID- 9945110
TI  - Electronic structure of molecular-beam-epitaxy growth-induced defects in GaAs.

PMID- 9945112
TI  - Excitonic modes in a Bose-condensed electron-hole gas in the pairing
      approximation.

PMID- 9945113
TI  - Size and temperature effects on the thermoelectric power and electrical
      resistivity of bismuth telluride thin films.

PMID- 9945115
TI  - Soliton dynamics in trans-polyacetylene using the full Pariser-Parr-Pople
      Hamiltonian.

PMID- 9945114
TI  - Effect of phonon self-energy correction on hot-electron relaxation in two
      dimensional semiconductor systems.

PMID- 9945116
TI  - Phonon-assisted exciton tunneling in GaAsxP

PMID- 9945118
TI  - Density of states in a two-dimensional electron gas: Impurity bands and band
      tails.

PMID- 9945117
TI  - Electron-LO-phonon interaction in semiconductor double heterostructures.

PMID- 9945119
TI  - Donor transition energies and their line strengths in GaAs/AlxGa

PMID- 9945120
TI  - Raman-scattering depth profile of the structure of ion-implanted GaAs.

PMID- 9945121
TI  - Experimental self-energy corrections for various semiconductors determined by
      electron spectroscopy.

PMID- 9945123
TI  - Molecular-dynamics simulations of epitaxial crystal growth from the melt. I.
      Si(100).

PMID- 9945122
TI  - Gradient expansion of the exchange-energy density functional: Effect of taking
      limits in the wrong order.

PMID- 9945124
TI  - Molecular-dynamics simulations of epitaxial crystal growth from the melt. II.
      Si(111).

PMID- 9945126
TI  - Properties of thin strained Ga(As,P) layers.

PMID- 9945125
TI  - Preparation and melting of amorphous silicon by molecular-dynamics simulations.

PMID- 9945128
TI  - Correlated ground state of diamond reexamined.

PMID- 9945129
TI  - Oscillator strength and optical selection rule of excitons in quantum wells.

PMID- 9945127
TI  - Fundamental absorption edge in mixed single crystals of II-VI compounds.

PMID- 9945131
TI  - Evidence for differing short- and long-time decay behavior in the dynamic
      response of the insulating spin-glass Eu0.4Sr

PMID- 9945130
TI  - Normal and hot-electron magnetophonon resonance in a GaAs heterostructure.

PMID- 9945132
TI  - Profile structures of ultrathin periodic and nonperiodic multilayer films
      containing a disubstituted diacetylene by high-resolution x-ray diffraction.

PMID- 9945134
TI  - Neutron-scattering study of methane bilayer and trilayer films on graphite.

PMID- 9945133
TI  - Raman spectroscopy and theoretical modeling of BeO at high pressure.

PMID- 9945135
TI  - Time-differential perturbed-angular-correlation study of copper oxides.

PMID- 9945136
TI  - c-axis conduction in graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9945138
TI  - K-shell electron binding energy of metallic Mg and Ca.

PMID- 9945137
TI  - Mechanism of Fermi-level stabilization in semiconductors.

PMID- 9945139
TI  - Ambipolar density and temperature profiles of an electron-hole plasma within a
      semiconductor slab.

PMID- 9945140
TI  - Intra-d excitations: Comparison between approaches for impurities in
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9945141
TI  - Functional-integral approach to the bound magnetic polaron in semimagnetic
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9945143
TI  - Discontinuous behavior of the localization properties in a finite-length
      incommensurate potential with weak applied electric fields.

PMID- 9945142
TI  - Site dependence of donor properties in ZnSe and validity of effective-mass
      theory.

PMID- 9945144
TI  - Ab initio calculations of static lattice properties for NaCl and a test of the
      Decker equation of state.

PMID- 9945146
TI  - Staging transitions in multiple-quantum-well systems.

PMID- 9945145
TI  - Asymmetry in the interior arachidic-acid bilayers within ultrathin multilayers
      fabricated via the Langmuir-Blodgett technique.

PMID- 9945147
TI  - Comment on "Pseudopotentials that work: From H to Pu"

PMID- 9945149
TI  - Metal-insulator transitions in doped silicon and germanium.

PMID- 9945148
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Pseudopotentials that work: From H to Pu' "

PMID- 9945151
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Heterojunction valence-band-discontinuity dependence on
      face orientation' "

PMID- 9945150
TI  - Comment on "Heterojunction valence-band-discontinuity dependence on face
      orientation"

PMID- 9945152
TI  - Many-body effects at the Si L2,3VV Auger line shape: The case of Ca silicides.

PMID- 9945154
TI  - Exact limits of the many-body local fields in a two-dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9945153
TI  - Mixed valence of Sm on metal single-crystal surfaces.

PMID- 9945155
TI  - Fibonacci invariant and electronic properties of GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs quasiperiodic
      superlattices.

PMID- 9945156
TI  - 5f-band width and hybridization in uranium silicides.

PMID- 9945157
TI  - Localization and electron-electron interaction effects in thin Bi wires and
      films.

PMID- 9945158
TI  - Hyperfine interaction between indium atoms and oxygen vacancies in stannic oxide.

PMID- 9945159
TI  - Depth dependence for extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure spectroscopy
      detected via electron yield in He and in vacuum.

PMID- 9945160
TI  - Nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of amorphous silicon-hydrogen-phosphorus alloys.

PMID- 9945161
TI  - NMR and EPR studies of the organic conductor

PMID- 9945162
TI  - Energy spectra of secondary electrons induced by fast ions under channeling
      conditions.

PMID- 9945163
TI  - Spin temperature applied to an inhomogeneously broadened pure quadrupolar
      resonance.

PMID- 9945164
TI  - Magnetic-flux dependence of the resistive transition in a square Josephson
      junction array.

PMID- 9945166
TI  - Pseudo-Coulomb potential in singlet superconductivity.

PMID- 9945165
TI  - Transition to superfluid turbulence in two-fluid flow of He II.

PMID- 9945167
TI  - Theory of the photon-drag effect in a two-dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9945168
TI  - Lifetime of metastable voltage states of superconducting tunnel junctions.

PMID- 9945169
TI  - Impurity states in liquid-helium films.

PMID- 9945170
TI  - Perpendicular upper critical field and critical temperature of superconducting
      interphase-normal-metal multilayers.

PMID- 9945171
TI  - Solid-fluid phase transition of quantum hard spheres at finite temperatures.

PMID- 9945172
TI  - Realistic treatment of the self-energy formalism in heavy-fermion metals:
      Application to superconducting phases of CeRu2 and CeOs2.

PMID- 9945173
TI  - Pressure-induced noncrystalline phase of LiKSO4.

PMID- 9945174
TI  - Neutron scattering studies of the magnetic structure of cupric oxide.

PMID- 9945175
TI  - Penetration of a magnetic field in a very strong coupling superconductor.

PMID- 9945176
TI  - Lattice instability and soft phonons in single-crystal La2-xSrxCuO4.

PMID- 9945177
TI  - Electronic structure of Cu-O chains in the high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9945178
TI  - Electronic structure of Bi2Sr

PMID- 9945179
TI  - Microscopic model of hybrid pairing: A common approach to heavy-fermion and high
      Tc superconductivity.

PMID- 9945180
TI  - Core-level shifts on cleaved YBa2Cu3O7-x(001) surfaces observed in angle-resolved
      photoemission.

PMID- 9945181
TI  - Pairing interaction mediated by the Cu-O charge-transfer oscillations associated
      with LO phonons in oxide superconductors and their high-Tc superconductivity.

PMID- 9945182
TI  - Structures of the superconducting oxides Tl2Ba2CuO6 and Bi2Sr2CuO6.

PMID- 9945184
TI  - Transport properties, phase transition, and recovery near 200 K of proton
      irradiated YBa2Cu3O7 thin films.

PMID- 9945183
TI  - Disruption, segregation, and passivation for Pd and noble-metal overlayers on
      YBa2Cu3O6.9.

PMID- 9945185
TI  - Multiple-scattering analysis of K-edge x-ray-absorption near-edge spectrum of
      YBa2Cu

PMID- 9945186
TI  - Anisotropic superconducting properties of Ba2YCu

PMID- 9945187
TI  - Crystal-field interaction in the GdxEu1-xBa2Cu3OR7- delta superconductors.

PMID- 9945189
TI  - Superconductivity on a YBa2Cu

PMID- 9945188
TI  - Possibility of an increase in density of states to explain the Tc change from La2
      xSrxCuO4 to YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9945190
TI  - Raman study of the effect of oxygen stoichiometry on the phonon spectrum of the
      high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu

PMID- 9945191
TI  - Role of long-range Coulomb interactions in granular superconductors.

PMID- 9945192
TI  - Upper critical magnetic field of superconductors with a dielectric gap on the
      Fermi-surface sections.

PMID- 9945194
TI  - Functional integral theories of low-dimensional quantum Heisenberg models.

PMID- 9945193
TI  - Critical exponents at the three-loop level from stochastic continuum
      regularization.

PMID- 9945195
TI  - Singular dynamic scaling on fractal lattices.

PMID- 9945196
TI  - Thermal conductivity of cerium compounds.

PMID- 9945197
TI  - From quasicrystals to icosahedral glass.

PMID- 9945198
TI  - Neutron diffraction study of the magnetic (H,T) phase diagrams of EuAs3 and
      Eu(As1-xPx)3.

PMID- 9945199
TI  - Two-dimensional crystalline electrons in the Hall configuration.

PMID- 9945200
TI  - Phase transitions and phase diagrams of K and Cs overlayers on a reconstructed
      and unreconstructed Cu(110) surface.

PMID- 9945201
TI  - Nonequilibrium dynamics of spin glasses.

PMID- 9945202
TI  - Equilibrium behavior of the spin-glass ordered phase.

PMID- 9945203
TI  - Random fields and orientational order in Rb(CN)xBr1-x mixed crystals: A study of
      static-shear elasticity.

PMID- 9945204
TI  - Magnetism in bcc and fcc manganese.

PMID- 9945206
TI  - Low-temperature specific heat in ferroelectric (Pb,Ba)5Ge3O11 crystals.

PMID- 9945205
TI  - Monte Carlo study of the symmetric Anderson-impurity model.

PMID- 9945207
TI  - Generalized moment expansion of dynamic correlation functions in finite Ising
      systems.

PMID- 9945209
TI  - Finite-temperature theory of local-environment effects in Fe-Ni alloys.

PMID- 9945208
TI  - Wetting in fcc Ising antiferromagnets and binary alloys. II. A Monte Carlo and
      renormalization-group study.

PMID- 9945210
TI  - Analysis of a dynamic renormalization-group technique.

PMID- 9945211
TI  - Diffusion and spin correlation in fractal percolation clusters.

PMID- 9945212
TI  - Phase transition in the Ising ferromagnetic model with fixed spins.

PMID- 9945213
TI  - Modified Migdal-Kadanoff renormalization for the spin-(1/2 anisotropic Heisenberg
      model.

PMID- 9945214
TI  - Rotationally invariant elasticity in a planar fractal network.

PMID- 9945215
TI  - Field theory for growth kinetics.

PMID- 9945216
TI  - Spin dynamics and the Haldane gap in the spin-1 quasi-one-dimensional
      antiferromagnet CsNiCl3.

PMID- 9945217
TI  - Compositional and orientational ordering of CO-Ar and N2-Ar on graphite.

PMID- 9945218
TI  - Universal finite-size-scaling amplitudes of the Potts model on a torus.

PMID- 9945219
TI  - Observation of itinerant-electron effects on the magnetic excitations of iron.

PMID- 9945221
TI  - Thermal sine-Gordon system in the presence of different types of dissipation.

PMID- 9945220
TI  - Wavelength dependence of cells of finite depth in directional solidification.

PMID- 9945222
TI  - Direct observation of relaxation modes in KNbO3 and BaTiO3 using inelastic light
      scattering.

PMID- 9945223
TI  - Dielectric properties of LiTaO3.

PMID- 9945224
TI  - Vibration of a Hubbard chain and its specific heat.

PMID- 9945226
TI  - Sequences of accumulation points in the phase diagram of the Frenkel-Kontorova
      model with a modified potential.

PMID- 9945225
TI  - Crystal-field analysis of the magnetization process in a series of Nd2Fe14B-type
      compounds.

PMID- 9945227
TI  - Double-chain approximation for the Ising model.

PMID- 9945228
TI  - Monte Carlo simulations of the periodic Anderson model on a square lattice.

PMID- 9945229
TI  - Role of three-body correlations in recombination of spin-polarized atomic
      hydrogen.

PMID- 9945230
TI  - Coherent states as solutions of the anisotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnetic
      chain.

PMID- 9945231
TI  - Low-temperature incommensurate-commensurate phase sequence of (C3H7ND3)2MnCl4.

PMID- 9945233
TI  - Green's-function theory of ferroelectric phase transitions in hydrogen-bonded
      triglycine sulfate with the pseudospin-lattice coupled-mode model: A unified
      theory of structural phase transitions. I. Static and dynamic properties.

PMID- 9945232
TI  - Mechanism for c-axis conduction in graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9945234
TI  - Green's-function theory of ferroelectric phase transitions in hydrogen-bonded
      triglycine sulfate with the pseudospin-lattice coupled-mode model: A unified
      theory of structural phase transitions. II. Nonlinear properties.

PMID- 9945236
TI  - Interaction mechanisms contributing to spin-glass freezing in Au-Cu-Mn alloys.

PMID- 9945235
TI  - Strength of disordered solids.

PMID- 9945238
TI  - Family of diamond-type hierarchical lattices.

PMID- 9945237
TI  - Cluster-expansion method for the infinite-range quantum transverse Ising spin
      glass model.

PMID- 9945239
TI  - Proximity-effect bilayers with magnetic impurities: The Abrikosov-Gor'kov limit.

PMID- 9945241
TI  - Thermodynamic measurements of the multiple-exchange frequencies in bcc 3He.

PMID- 9945240
TI  - Vicinage effect in inner-shell ionization.

PMID- 9945242
TI  - Superconducting-normal phase boundary of a random network in magnetic fields.

PMID- 9945244
TI  - Staircase superconducting structure and oxygen intercalation in YBa2Cu3O7- delta
      single crystals.

PMID- 9945243
TI  - SU(2) gauge symmetry of the large-U limit of the Hubbard model.

PMID- 9945245
TI  - Raman scattering from the Bi2Sr

PMID- 9945246
TI  - Superconductivity in bismuth-strontium-copper oxides.

PMID- 9945247
TI  - Crystallographic, thermodynamic, and transport properties of the Bi2Sr3
      xCaxCu2O8+ delta superconductor.

PMID- 9945248
TI  - Orientation-dependent x-ray-absorption near-edge studies of high-Tc
      superconductors.

PMID- 9945249
TI  - Superconducting properties of high-Tc Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films.

PMID- 9945250
TI  - Polarized-neutron study of the YBa2Cu3O7 system: Granular versus bulk
      superconductivity.

PMID- 9945251
TI  - Oxygen diffusion in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7- delta oxides in ambient helium and
      oxygen.

PMID- 9945252
TI  - Electrical transport and superconductivity in a Au-YBa2Cu3O7 percolation system.

PMID- 9945253
TI  - Anomalous low-frequency vibrational dynamics in YBa2Cu3O7+ epsilon by micro-Raman
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9945254
TI  - Critical analysis of a reported anomalous low-temperature susceptibility of solid
      3He at high molar volume.

PMID- 9945255
TI  - Direct neutron observation of a single-q incommensurate phase of quartz at zero
      stress.

PMID- 9945256
TI  - Conserved-phase field system: Implications for kinetic undercooling.

PMID- 9945258
TI  - Field-induced transverse-sine-wave-to-longitudinal-sine-wave transition in EuAs3.

PMID- 9945257
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility of expanded fluid alkali metals.

PMID- 9945259
TI  - Power law and the viscosity of supercooled glass-forming metallic systems.

PMID- 9945260
TI  - Reentrant behavior of an in-plane antiferromagnet in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9945261
TI  - Universal equation of state.

PMID- 9945262
TI  - Freezing of the hard-sphere liquid.

PMID- 9945263
TI  - Acoustic plasmons in a two-dimensional, two-component electron liquid.

PMID- 9945264
TI  - Low-frequency noises of Josephson-junction arrays in transverse magnetic fields.

PMID- 9945265
TI  - Screening of a point charge in semiconductors and insulators.

PMID- 9945267
TI  - Comment on "Critical cutting forces between flux vortices in a type-II
      superconductor"

PMID- 9945266
TI  - Response to "Screening of a point charge in semiconductors and insulators"

PMID- 9945269
TI  - Superconductivity of itinerant electrons coupled to spin chains.

PMID- 9945268
TI  - Erratum: Self-consisteng large-N expansion for normal-State properties of dilute
      magnetic alloys

PMID- 9945270
TI  - Effect of valence mixing on multiplet structures in core photoabsorption spectra
      for Ce compounds.

PMID- 9945271
TI  - Properties of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films with ordered defect structure: Y2Ba4Cu8O20-x.

PMID- 9945272
TI  - Evidence for the dependence of the magnetic ordering on the oxygen occupancy in
      the high-Tc superconductor GdBa2Cu

PMID- 9945273
TI  - Asymmetry in the normal-metal to high-Tc superconductor tunnel junction.

PMID- 9945274
TI  - Hall coefficient and oxygen stoichiometry in YBa2Cu3O7- delta ceramics at
      elevated temperatures.

PMID- 9945275
TI  - Temperature dependence of the positron annihilation lifetime in single-crystal
      YBa2Cu

PMID- 9945276
TI  - Freezing of spin and charge in La2-xSrx

PMID- 9945277
TI  - Effect of oxygen on the filamentary superconductivity of the La2-xCuO4- delta
      system.

PMID- 9945278
TI  - Microstructure and properties of the ~90-K superconductor Bi2Sr3-xCaxCu2O8+
      delta.

PMID- 9945279
TI  - High-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9945280
TI  - Hole dynamics in the two-dimensional strong-coupling Hubbard Hamiltonian.

PMID- 9945281
TI  - Oxygen-deficiency-induced localized optical excitations in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9945283
TI  - Electron-phonon coupling in the two-dimensional Hubbard model: A Monte Carlo
      study.

PMID- 9945282
TI  - Anharmonic thermal motion in the 93-K superconductor Ba2YCu

PMID- 9945284
TI  - Photoemission study of the new high-temperature superconductor Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O.

PMID- 9945285
TI  - Effect of magnetic fields on the specific heat of a YBa2Cu3O7- delta single
      crystal near Tc.

PMID- 9945286
TI  - Anomalous variation of the c lattice parameter of a sample of YBa2Cu3O7- delta
      through the superconducting transition.

PMID- 9945288
TI  - Nature of the valence photoemission features of single-crystal YBa2Cu

PMID- 9945287
TI  - Structure and physical properties of single crystals of the 84-K superconductor
      Bi2.2Sr2Ca0.8Cu2O8+ delta.

PMID- 9945289
TI  - Magnetic defects in La2-xSrx

PMID- 9945290
TI  - Antisymmetric exchange and its influence on the magnetic structure and
      conductivity of La2CuO4.

PMID- 9945291
TI  - Systematic variation of magnetic-field penetration depth in high-Tc
      superconductors studied by muon-spin relaxation.

PMID- 9945292
TI  - Electronic structure studies of La2CuO

PMID- 9945294
TI  - Inelastic electron scattering in the high-Tc compound YBa2Cu

PMID- 9945293
TI  - Evidence for anisotropic excitonlike enhancement of the Raman scattering from
      La2CuO

PMID- 9945295
TI  - New theory of strong-coupling superconductors and high-temperature
      superconductivity of metallic oxides.

PMID- 9945296
TI  - Linear temperature dependence of the resistivity in the new superconductors.

PMID- 9945297
TI  - Superconductivity in correlated wave functions.

PMID- 9945298
TI  - Superconductivity in the dilute electron gas.

PMID- 9945299
TI  - Shubnikov-de Haas effect and the Fermi surface in an ambient-pressure organic
      superconductor

PMID- 9945301
TI  - Ising model with short-range correlated dilution.

PMID- 9945300
TI  - New universality class for gelation in a system with particle breakup.

PMID- 9945302
TI  - Wavelength dependence of static intensity correlation functions.

PMID- 9945303
TI  - Nonlocal percolation in an antiferromagnetic Potts model.

PMID- 9945304
TI  - Correlations between the kinetics of zinc electrodeposition and the fractal
      properties of the deposits.

PMID- 9945305
TI  - Spin-density-wave transitions in the many-component limit.

PMID- 9945306
TI  - Channeling effects on positron transmission through thin crystals.

PMID- 9945307
TI  - Influence of alternating magnetic fields on 67Zn Mossbauer resonance in ZnO.

PMID- 9945308
TI  - EPR and optical absorption of a self-trapped hole in Rb2ZnCl

PMID- 9945309
TI  - Sputtering transport theory: The mean energy.

PMID- 9945310
TI  - Neutron irradiation of heavy-fermion superconductors.

PMID- 9945311
TI  - Electric-field-induced memory effects in granular films.

PMID- 9945312
TI  - Spin waves in 3He-4He solutions.

PMID- 9945313
TI  - UPt5-xAux: A heavy-fermion system with a selectable m.

PMID- 9945314
TI  - Two-magnon Raman scattering in (La1-xSrx

PMID- 9945315
TI  - Intensities of zero-phonon Tv(0) and Vv(0) single transitions and Sv(0)+Rv'(0)
      and Sv(0)+Tv'(0) double transitions in solid HD.

PMID- 9945316
TI  - Exact behavior of the density and spin susceptibilities of a Fermi liquid for
      large wave vectors: Derivation from diagrammatic many-body theory.

PMID- 9945317
TI  - Theory of nonlinear quantum tunneling resistance in one-dimensional disordered
      systems.

PMID- 9945318
TI  - Valence charge fluctuations in YBa2Cu3O7- delta from core-level spectroscopies.

PMID- 9945319
TI  - Electronic structure of the new high-Tc superconductors Tl2Ba2CuO6, Tl2Ba2Cu2O8,
      Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10, and Tl2BaCa3Cu4O12.

PMID- 9945320
TI  - Photoinduced self-localized structural distortions in YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9945321
TI  - X-ray absorption study of the O 2p hole concentration dependence on O
      stoichiometry in YBa2Cu3Ox.

PMID- 9945322
TI  - Remanent moment of high-temperature superconductors: Implications for flux
      pinning and glassy models.

PMID- 9945324
TI  - Theory of high-Tc superconductors within an Anderson lattice model.

PMID- 9945325
TI  - Model family of high-temperature superconductors: TlmCan-1Ba2CunO2(n+1)+m (m=1,2;
      n=1,2,3).

PMID- 9945323
TI  - Electronic structures of the YBa2Cu3O7-x surface and its modification by
      sputtering and adatoms of Ti and Cu.

PMID- 9945326
TI  - Observation of a narrow superconducting transition at 6 GHz in crystals of
      YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9945327
TI  - Oxygen intercalation in the perovskite superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+x.

PMID- 9945329
TI  - d-wave superconducting condensation in the spin-density-wave background.

PMID- 9945328
TI  - Observation of triplet hole pairs and glassy spin waves in La2-x-zSrxCuO4-y by
      electron spin resonance.

PMID- 9945330
TI  - Lattice vibrational studies of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 by polarized extended x
      ray-absorption fine-structure measurements.

PMID- 9945331
TI  - Neutron-powder-diffraction study of nuclear and magnetic structure in YBa2Cu3
      xCoxO7+y with x=0.84 and y=0.32.

PMID- 9945332
TI  - Calculation of the isotope effect in La2-xMxCuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9945333
TI  - Insufficiency of O and Cu holes for oxide superconductivity: X-ray absorption
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9945334
TI  - Atomistic model of orthorhombic YBa2Cu

PMID- 9945335
TI  - Ordering of O vacancies in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9945336
TI  - Superstructure along the c axis in YBa2Cu3O7-x single crystals having Tc=92 K.

PMID- 9945337
TI  - Antiferromangetic spin correlations in insulating, metallic, and superconducting
      La2-xSrx

PMID- 9945339
TI  - Doping dependence of antiferromagnetic correlations in high-temperature
      superconductors.

PMID- 9945338
TI  - Structure refinements of superconducting Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 and Tl2Ba2Cu3O10 from
      neutron diffraction data.

PMID- 9945340
TI  - Neutron-scattering study of the transition from antiferromagnetic to weak
      ferromagnetic order in La2CuO

PMID- 9945341
TI  - Lower critical field of an anisotropic extreme type-II superconductor.

PMID- 9945342
TI  - Calculated effective Hamiltonian for La2CuO4 and solution in the impurity
      Anderson approximation.

PMID- 9945343
TI  - Site-selective doping and superconductivity in (La1-yPry)(Ba2-xLax)Cu3O7+ delta.

PMID- 9945344
TI  - Magnetic order and superconductivity in RBa2Cu3Oz.

PMID- 9945346
TI  - Exact solution of a lattice band problem related to an exactly soluble many-body
      problem: The missing-states problem.

PMID- 9945345
TI  - Infrared studies of ab-plane oriented oxide superconductors.

PMID- 9945348
TI  - Effective-medium theory of long-wavelength spin waves in magnetic superlattices.

PMID- 9945347
TI  - Shape crossover in the correlation function of isotropic ferromagnets above Tc.

PMID- 9945349
TI  - Impossibility of spontaneous current in equilibrium.

PMID- 9945350
TI  - Hamiltonian equations for multiple-collective-variable theories of nonlinear
      Klein-Gordon equations: A projection-operator approach.

PMID- 9945351
TI  - Collapse transition of branched polymers with a tunable number of loops.

PMID- 9945353
TI  - Three-stage melting in two dimensions initiated by the formation of grain
      boundaries: A molecular-dynamics study.

PMID- 9945352
TI  - Finite-size scaling analysis of the S=1 Ising model on the triangular lattice.

PMID- 9945354
TI  - Nonlinear density-functional approach to the crystallization of the classical one
      component plasma.

PMID- 9945355
TI  - Simulated equilibrium and nonequilibrium interfaces in a lattice model.

PMID- 9945356
TI  - Continuous-time random walks on a long-range hierarchical model.

PMID- 9945357
TI  - Extraordinary Hall effect in Kondo-type systems: Contributions from anomalous
      velocity.

PMID- 9945358
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of adiabatic cooling and nuclear magnetism.

PMID- 9945359
TI  - Neutron-scattering spectra of noncubic cerium Kondo compounds.

PMID- 9945360
TI  - Resonating-valence-bond states with antiferromagnetic long-range order.

PMID- 9945362
TI  - Morphology of micromagnetics.

PMID- 9945361
TI  - Electronic structure, dynamic susceptibility, and Neel temperature of the heavy
      fermion magnet UCu5.

PMID- 9945363
TI  - Ground-state properties of generalized Heisenberg chains with composite spin.

PMID- 9945365
TI  - Monte Carlo investigation of the resonating-valence-bond ground state and a
      lattice statistical model.

PMID- 9945364
TI  - Ferromagnetic resonance studies of exchange-biased Permalloy thin films.

PMID- 9945366
TI  - Ground state of the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model and the
      resonating-valence-bond states.

PMID- 9945367
TI  - Monte Carlo and mean-field study of antiferromagnetic ordering in cupric oxides.

PMID- 9945368
TI  - Stability of networks under tension and pressure.

PMID- 9945369
TI  - Instabilities in deeply supersaturated systems.

PMID- 9945370
TI  - Magnetic phase diagram of NiCl2

PMID- 9945371
TI  - Scaling and domain growth in a model-C system.

PMID- 9945372
TI  - Weakly diluted n >= 2 Ising antiferromagnets: Loss of long-range order and
      crossover effects.

PMID- 9945373
TI  - Correlation functions for interacting fermions in the Gutzwiller ansatz.

PMID- 9945375
TI  - Magnetization and correlation length of the easy-plane ferromagnetic chain:
      Numerical analysis and application to (C6H

PMID- 9945374
TI  - Variational approach to finite-temperature magnetism in the degenerate-band
      Hubbard model.

PMID- 9945377
TI  - Spin fluctuations in the temperature-induced paramagnet FeSi.

PMID- 9945376
TI  - Stoner model of ferromagnetism and total-energy band theory.

PMID- 9945378
TI  - Lattice theory of surface melting.

PMID- 9945380
TI  - New types of reentrant phase transitions in the singlet-triplet model of
      antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9945379
TI  - Theory of the soliton-induced phase transition in quasi-one-dimensional magnets.

PMID- 9945382
TI  - Random local anisotropy in spin glasses.

PMID- 9945381
TI  - Variational ground state for the periodic Anderson model with an indirect
      hybridization. II. The Kondo-type singlet state compared with the magnetic state.

PMID- 9945383
TI  - Measurement of the oxygen content in high-Tc superconductors: Enhanced resonant
      ion-scattering analysis.

PMID- 9945384
TI  - Ordering phenomena in the tetragonal superconductor CaBaLaCu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9945385
TI  - Field-induced transitions in Y2Cu2O5.

PMID- 9945386
TI  - Hall effect of the high-Tc superconducting oxides Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O and
      Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3Ox.

PMID- 9945387
TI  - rf surface resistance of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films.

PMID- 9945388
TI  - Microwave surface resistance of bulk YBa2Cu

PMID- 9945389
TI  - Temperature dependence of the lattice parameters in the 30-K superconductor
      Ba0.6K0.4BiO3.

PMID- 9945391
TI  - Theory of high-Tc superconductors within a realistic Anderson lattice model.

PMID- 9945390
TI  - Millimeter-wave complex-conductivity measurements of Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O
      superconducting thin films.

PMID- 9945392
TI  - Exact mean-field solution of the two-particle resonance model of high-Tc
      superconductivity.

PMID- 9945393
TI  - Low-temperature specific heat of La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 and La2CuO4.

PMID- 9945394
TI  - Angular dependence of the magnetic-field-induced resistive transition in single
      crystal Bi2.2Sr2Ca0.8 Cu2O8+ delta.

PMID- 9945395
TI  - Uniaxial superconducting particle in intermediate magnetic fields.

PMID- 9945397
TI  - Pairing of holes in the spin liquid: Possible application to the high-temperature
      superconductors.

PMID- 9945396
TI  - Photoemission from single-crystalline Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O.

PMID- 9945398
TI  - Effects of inelastic electron scattering on properties of high-temperature
      superconductors.

PMID- 9945399
TI  - Statistical mechanics of CuO2 plane in the presence of localized holes.

PMID- 9945400
TI  - Thermoelectric power of the Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O superconductor.

PMID- 9945401
TI  - Low-temperature specific heat of PdPb2.

PMID- 9945402
TI  - Polytypoid structure of Pb-modified Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O superconductor.

PMID- 9945403
TI  - Superconductivity in the Tl-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system.

PMID- 9945404
TI  - Ultrasonic evidence for a structural phase transition at 220 K in YBa2Cu3O7-
      delta.

PMID- 9945405
TI  - Orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition in LaBa2Cu3O7-y with zero resistance at
      92 K.

PMID- 9945406
TI  - Effect of Ga addition to YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9945408
TI  - Quasiperiodic dynamics for a generalized third-order Fibonacci series.

PMID- 9945407
TI  - Effect of oxygen distribution on the resistivity in YBa2Cu3O7- delta oxides (0 <=
      delta <0.8).

PMID- 9945409
TI  - Phase transitions in the random Gaussian model.

PMID- 9945410
TI  - Observation of a time-dependent spatial correlation length in a metallic spin
      glass.

PMID- 9945411
TI  - Magnetic field dependence of the resistivity and susceptibility of the above-100
      K Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu superconductor.

PMID- 9945412
TI  - Effect of pressure on optical excitations in semiconducting MBa2Cu3O6
      (M=Y,Sm,Gd).

PMID- 9945414
TI  - Exciton-phonon interaction in one dimension: Half-filled-band sector.

PMID- 9945413
TI  - New criticality in quantum models with pair interactions decaying as a power law.

PMID- 9945416
TI  - Erratum: Kondo effects versus indirect exchange in the two-impurity Anderson
      model: A Monte Carlo study

PMID- 9945415
TI  - Comment on "Random-field Ising model as a dynamical system"

PMID- 9945417
TI  - Electron-phonon interactions in energetic displacement cascades.

PMID- 9945419
TI  - Granular superconductivity in R1Ba

PMID- 9945418
TI  - Observation of crystal twinning of LaF3 with Raman heterodyne detection of NMR in
      Pr3+:LaF3.

PMID- 9945420
TI  - Oxygen intercalation homogeneity and electrical transport in superconducting
      Ba2YCu3O7- delta crystals.

PMID- 9945421
TI  - Light-scattering study of the superconducting energy gap in YBa2Cu3O7 single
      crystals.

PMID- 9945422
TI  - Anomalous in-plane paraconductivity in single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9945423
TI  - Hall effect in the heavy-fermion compound CePtSi.

PMID- 9945424
TI  - Occupied electronic states of single-crystal Bi2Ca1+xSr2+xCu2O8+y.

PMID- 9945425
TI  - Anomalous structural phase transition in stoichiometric La2NiO4.

PMID- 9945426
TI  - Electronic structure of Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O superconductors studied by photoelectron
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9945428
TI  - Anisotropic thermopower in single crystals of the high-Tc superconductor
      YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9945427
TI  - Broader perspective on the high-temperature superconduct- ing YBa2Cu3Oy system:
      The real role of the oxygen content.

PMID- 9945429
TI  - Magnetic penetration depth and specific heat of the paired-boson superconductor.

PMID- 9945430
TI  - Bi4Sr3Ca3Cu4O16 galss and superconducting glass ceramics.

PMID- 9945431
TI  - Magnetization profile near a wall in the planar Ising ferromagnet.

PMID- 9945432
TI  - Elastic properties of three-dimensional percolation networks with stretching and
      bond-bending forces.

PMID- 9945433
TI  - Mode-locking phase diagram in sliding-charge-density-wave conductors.

PMID- 9945434
TI  - Absence of the Hopf invariant in the long-wavelength action of two-dimensional
      quantum antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9945435
TI  - Kinetics of spinodal decomposition in one dimension.

PMID- 9945436
TI  - New approach to strongly correlated systems: 1/N expansions without slave bosons.

PMID- 9945437
TI  - Novel mechanism for superconductivity in the resonating-valence-bond ground
      state.

PMID- 9945438
TI  - Symmetry of the 3d9 ligand hole induced by doping in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9945439
TI  - New anelastic relaxation effect in Y-Ba-Cu-O at low temperature: A Snoek-type
      peak due to oxygen diffusion.

PMID- 9945441
TI  - Dynamical crossover to dipolar behavior in isotropic ferromagnets at and above
      Tc.

PMID- 9945440
TI  - Frequency dependence of the ac susceptibility in a Y-Ba-Cu-O crystal: A
      reinterpretation of Hc2.

PMID- 9945442
TI  - Simulation of dielectric failure by means of resistor-diode random lattices.

PMID- 9945443
TI  - Topological terms in one- and two-dimensional quantum Heisenberg
      antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9945444
TI  - Micropolar elastic percolation: The superelastic problem.

PMID- 9945446
TI  - Dielectric investigation of the sliding charge-density wave in Tl0.3MoO

PMID- 9945445
TI  - Stretched-exponential relaxation of birefringence in a critical binary mixture.

PMID- 9945447
TI  - Light-diffracted intensities from very deep gratings.

PMID- 9945448
TI  - Local-field method for resistivity and electromigration in metallic
      microstructures: Application to thin films.

PMID- 9945449
TI  - Structure determination of the (1 x 2) and (1 x 3) reconstructions of Pt(110) by
      low-energy electron diffraction.

PMID- 9945450
TI  - Local elastic constants for the Al(001) surface.

PMID- 9945451
TI  - Computer simulations of localization and quantum transport in a three-dimensional
      topologically disordered system.

PMID- 9945452
TI  - Absolute x-ray reflectivity study of the Au(100) surface.

PMID- 9945453
TI  - Atomic and electronic structure of crystalline and amorphous alloys. I. Calcium
      magnesium compounds.

PMID- 9945454
TI  - Atomic and electronic structure of crystalline and amorphous alloys. II. Strong
      electronic bonding effects in Ca-Al compounds.

PMID- 9945455
TI  - Structural studies of amorphous titanium diboride thin films by extended x-ray
      absorption fine-structure and extended electron-energy-loss fine-structure
      techniques.

PMID- 9945457
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission study of the hydrogen-adsorbed Cr(110) surface at 80
      K.

PMID- 9945458
TI  - Tunneling current density within Tersoff and Hamann's theory of the scanning
      tunneling microscope.

PMID- 9945456
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission study of oxygen-adsorbed Cr(110).

PMID- 9945459
TI  - Lattice dynamics of CePd3.

PMID- 9945460
TI  - Lattice vibrational spectrum and possible existence of localized modes of the two
      dimensional Penrose lattice.

PMID- 9945462
TI  - Roughening transition on Cu(113): A quantitative analysis of new experimental
      results.

PMID- 9945461
TI  - Reversible faceting of the copper (110) surface: X-ray Fresnel reflectivity.

PMID- 9945463
TI  - Band dispersions of Ag(111) monolayers on various substrates.

PMID- 9945465
TI  - Phonon spectra and isothermal elastic constants of transition metals: A dynamical
      treatment.

PMID- 9945464
TI  - Second-harmonic generation with surface plasmons from a silvered quartz grating.

PMID- 9945466
TI  - Inhomogeneity expansion for the incommensurate charge-density-wave system.

PMID- 9945467
TI  - Atomic-layer by atomic-layer compositional depth profiling: Surface segregation
      and impurity cosegregation of Pt-Rh and Pt-Ru alloys.

PMID- 9945468
TI  - Specific-heat and transport properties of alloys exhibiting quasicrystalline and
      crystalline order.

PMID- 9945469
TI  - Experimental band structure of Cu3Au.

PMID- 9945471
TI  - Interaction of hydrogen and deuterium with CoTi surfaces.

PMID- 9945470
TI  - Observation of a surface state in overlayers of Au on Pt{001}

PMID- 9945472
TI  - Topological and thermal disorder in amorphous iron.

PMID- 9945473
TI  - Fluctuations in the optical spectra of disordered microstructures due to quantum
      interference effects.

PMID- 9945474
TI  - Charge-trapping model of metastability in doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9945476
TI  - Epitaxial growth and band bending of n- and p-type Ge on GaAs(001).

PMID- 9945475
TI  - Large interfacial charge density in unstrained GaAs-AlAs(111) superlattices.

PMID- 9945477
TI  - Determination of the density of states of the conduction-band tail in
      hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9945479
TI  - Bond-centered interstitial hydrogen in silicon: Semiempirical electronic
      structure calculations.

PMID- 9945478
TI  - Structural studies of argon-sputtered amorphous carbon films by means of extended
      x-ray-absorption fine structure.

PMID- 9945481
TI  - Effect of buffer-layer composition on new optical transitions in Si/Ge short
      period superlattices.

PMID- 9945480
TI  - GW approach to the calculation of electron self-energies in semiconductors.

PMID- 9945482
TI  - Chemical trend in silicide electronic structure and Schottky-barrier heights of
      silicide-silicon interfaces.

PMID- 9945484
TI  - Soft-x-ray photoemission study of chemisorption and Fermi-level pinning at the
      Cs/GaAs(110) and K/GaAs(110) interfaces.

PMID- 9945483
TI  - Asymmetric conductance and coherence effects in mesoscopic Si metal-oxide
      semiconductor field-effect transistors.

PMID- 9945485
TI  - Phonon radiative heat transfer and surface scattering.

PMID- 9945486
TI  - Effect of uniaxial stress on the electron spin resonance in zinc-blende
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9945487
TI  - Zeeman splitting of exciton and magnetization in Cd1-xMnxTe: Anomalous behavior
      at high x.

PMID- 9945488
TI  - Transient oscillations and dynamic Stark effect in semiconductors.

PMID- 9945490
TI  - Magnetophonon-resonance theory of the two-dimensional electron gas in AlxGa1
      xAs/GaAs single heterostructures.

PMID- 9945489
TI  - Transient oscillations in the vicinity of excitons and in the band of
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9945491
TI  - Trapping of carriers in single quantum wells with different configurations of the
      confinement layers.

PMID- 9945492
TI  - First-principles study of the atomic reconstructions and energies of Ga- and As
      stabilized GaAs(100) surfaces.

PMID- 9945493
TI  - Periodic superstructures in tetrahedrally bonded homopolymers.

PMID- 9945494
TI  - Kinetic and hydrodynamic description of the electron-acoustic-phonon system in a
      double heterostructure.

PMID- 9945496
TI  - Optical-phonon modes in superlattices.

PMID- 9945495
TI  - Distribution of occupied near-surface band-gap states in a-Si:H.

PMID- 9945497
TI  - Raman and infrared phonon piezospectroscopy in InP.

PMID- 9945498
TI  - Analytical treatment of band-gap underestimates in the local-density
      approximation.

PMID- 9945499
TI  - Acoustic-wave transmission in semiconductor superlattices.

PMID- 9945500
TI  - Transition-metal impurities in semiconductors and heterojunction band lineups.

PMID- 9945501
TI  - Band offsets and lattice-mismatch effects in strained-layer CdTe/ZnTe
      superlattices.

PMID- 9945502
TI  - Trapping of gas mixtures by amorphous water ice.
AB  - Our studies on gas trapping in amorphous water ice at 24-100 K were extended, by
      using mixtures of CH4, CO, N2, and Ar, rather than single gases.  In 1:1
      gas:(water vapor) mixtures, the competition among these gases on the available
      sites in the ice showed that the trapping capacity for the various gases is
      determined not only by the structure and dynamics of the ice, but is also
      influenced by the gas itself.  Whereas at 24-35 K all four gases are trapped in
      the ice indiscriminantly, at 50-75 K there is a clear enhancement, in the order
      of CH4 > CO > N2 > or approximately Ar.  This order is influenced by the gas
      water interaction energy, the size of the trapped gas atom or molecule, the type
      of clathrate-hydrate formed (I or II) and, possibly, other factors.  It seems
      that the gas can be trapped in the amorphous ice in several different locations,
      each being affected in a different way by the deposition temperature and gas
      composition.   Once a gas atom or molecule is trapped in a specific location, it
      is predestined to emerge in one of eight different temperature ranges, which are
      associated with changes in the ice.  The experimentally observed enhancements,
      together with the findings on the gas composition of comet Halley, might enable
      an estimation of the gas composition in the region of comet formation.

PMID- 9945504
TI  - Interaction of H and D with the (001) surfaces of LiF and NaCl.

PMID- 9945503
TI  - High-pressure x-ray diffraction study of CeO2 to 70 GPa and pressure-induced
      phase transformation from the fluorite structure.

PMID- 9945505
TI  - Diffusion and isotope effects in the diffusion of homovalent cations in cesium
      iodide.

PMID- 9945506
TI  - Fourier-transform spectroscopy in dye-doped polymers using the femtosecond
      accumulated photon echo.

PMID- 9945507
TI  - Negative magnetoresistance in some dimethyltrimethylene-tetraselenafulvalenium
      salts: A signature of weak-localization effects.

PMID- 9945508
TI  - 4f-derived photoemission and 4f-ligand hybridization in light rare-earth halides.

PMID- 9945509
TI  - Electric field dependence of exciton transition energies in GaAs-AlxGa

PMID- 9945510
TI  - Analytical solution for persistent-photoconductivity relaxation in layered
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9945511
TI  - Electrical transport properties of the aluminum-ruthenium icosahedral phase.

PMID- 9945512
TI  - Anomalous behavior of the Ni bonding strength in some LaNi5-xAlx

PMID- 9945513
TI  - New icosahedral phases in Ti-transition-metal alloys.

PMID- 9945514
TI  - Photoemission from small metal spheres: A model calculation using an enhanced
      three-step model.

PMID- 9945515
TI  - Structural stability of rhenium as a function of lattice compression: Theory.

PMID- 9945516
TI  - Surface-atom core-level shifts of W(111).

PMID- 9945517
TI  - Anomalous electrical behavior of n-type InP.

PMID- 9945519
TI  - Band-gap discontinuities for Ge/ZnSe(100) and Si/ZnSe(100): A photoemission
      study.

PMID- 9945518
TI  - Intersubband excitations in a periodic array of two-dimensional stripes.

PMID- 9945520
TI  - Brillouin scattering from amorphous materials at high pressures.

PMID- 9945522
TI  - Erratum: Dielectric parameters of alkali halides

PMID- 9945521
TI  - Line shift of two-photon transitions of Eu2+ in CaF2 as a function of
      temperature.

PMID- 9945524
TI  - Enhanced inelastic scattering and localization of excitons in In0.53Ga0.47As/InP
      alloy quantum wells.

PMID- 9945523
TI  - Erratum: Theory of exchange interactions and chemical trends in diluted magnetic
      semiconductors

PMID- 9945525
TI  - Thickness- and temperature-dependent spin anisotropy of ultrathin epitaxial Fe
      films on Ag(100).

PMID- 9945527
TI  - Low-temperature depinning of sliding charge-density waves.

PMID- 9945526
TI  - Localized states at metal-metal interfaces: An inverse photoemission study of
      Pd/Nb(110).

PMID- 9945528
TI  - Dopant incorporation, Fermi-level movement, and band offset at the Ge/GaAs(001)
      interface.

PMID- 9945530
TI  - Evidence of a mobility edge in the second subband of an Al0.33Ga0.67As-GaAs
      heterojunction.

PMID- 9945529
TI  - Hydrostatic and uniaxial pressure coefficients of CdTe.

PMID- 9945531
TI  - Excitonic transitions in lattice-matched Ga1-xInxAs/InP quantum wells.

PMID- 9945532
TI  - Exciton-polariton picture of the free-exciton lifetime in GaAs.

PMID- 9945533
TI  - Binding energy of shallow acceptors in InxGa1-xAs/GaAs strained quantum wells.

PMID- 9945534
TI  - Termination of the series of fractional quantum Hall states at small filling
      factors.

PMID- 9945535
TI  - Monolayer growth and structure of Ga on Si(111).

PMID- 9945536
TI  - Electron correlation in low-carrier-density metals: Photo- emission study of the
      hole-doped Mott insulator LixZn1-xV2O4.

PMID- 9945538
TI  - Multilayer relaxation of the Al(210) surface.

PMID- 9945537
TI  - Resistance fluctuations in a four-probe geometry with infinite leads.

PMID- 9945539
TI  - Depolarization effects due to the interaction between adsorbed dipoles on stepped
      surfaces.

PMID- 9945540
TI  - Third-order elastic constants from molecular dynamics: Theory and an example
      calculation.

PMID- 9945541
TI  - Elastic constants of KMnF3 as functions of temperature and pressure.

PMID- 9945542
TI  - Elastic constants of bcc shape-memory binary alloys: Effect of the
      configurational ordering.

PMID- 9945543
TI  - Electronic and structural properties of elemental copper: A pseudopotential-local
      orbital calculation.

PMID- 9945544
TI  - Extinction of electromagnetic waves by a small gyrotropic sphere.

PMID- 9945545
TI  - X-ray study of vanadium-doped blue bronze.

PMID- 9945546
TI  - Bulk contribution in surface second-harmonic generation.

PMID- 9945548
TI  - Electronic-structure study of RuS2.

PMID- 9945547
TI  - Optical nonlinear response of small metal particles: A self-consistent
      calculation.

PMID- 9945549
TI  - Photostimulated desorption of negative H- ions from a cesiated W(100) surface.

PMID- 9945550
TI  - Theory of the alkali-metal chemisorption on metal surfaces.

PMID- 9945551
TI  - Magnetic anisotropy in density-functional theory.

PMID- 9945553
TI  - Propagator study of the selvedge field in linear and nonlinear nonlocal jellium
      optics.

PMID- 9945552
TI  - Self-interstitial solute complexes in e--irradiated dilute Al-Ag and Al-Si
      alloys.

PMID- 9945554
TI  - Electric-field-dependent localization in a superlattice.

PMID- 9945555
TI  - Acoustic-wave propagation in quasiperiodic, incommensurate, and random systems.

PMID- 9945556
TI  - Optical activity in the incommensurate structure Rb2ZnBr

PMID- 9945558
TI  - Phonon dispersion in a metallic glass.

PMID- 9945557
TI  - Low-temperature resistivity and magnetoresistance of the quasicrystalline
      icosahedral Al80Mn20 and decagonal Al78Mn22 alloys.

PMID- 9945559
TI  - Crossover from dispersive to nondispersive transport in a trap-controlled hopping
      model.

PMID- 9945560
TI  - Friction coefficient of adatoms on metal surfaces at low temperatures.

PMID- 9945561
TI  - Microcrystalline and interface structure of metallic multilayers from x-ray
      spectra.

PMID- 9945562
TI  - Magnetoresistance of metallic point contacts.

PMID- 9945563
TI  - Dopant effect on intrinsic diffusivity in nickel silicide.

PMID- 9945564
TI  - Anomalous high-frequency modes of "missing-row" reconstructed (110) surfaces.

PMID- 9945565
TI  - Interchain order, soliton confinement, and electron-hole photogeneration in trans
      polyacetylene.

PMID- 9945566
TI  - Third-order optical nonlinearities in semiconductor microstructures.

PMID- 9945568
TI  - Size effects in multisubband quantum wire structures.

PMID- 9945567
TI  - Molecular-dynamics simulation of cluster and atom deposition on silicon (111).

PMID- 9945569
TI  - Configurational statistics in a-SixNyHz alloys: A quantitative bonding analysis.

PMID- 9945570
TI  - Band offsets in heterostructures with thin interlayers.

PMID- 9945571
TI  - Positron-annihilation spectroscopy of native vacancies in as-grown GaAs.

PMID- 9945572
TI  - Calculations of inelastic light scattering from surface plasmons with null
      critical wave vector in a metal-insulator semi-infinite superlattice.

PMID- 9945573
TI  - Oscillating magnetization of quantum-well electrons in a parallel magnetic field.

PMID- 9945574
TI  - Effect of gain nonlinearity in semiconductor lasers.

PMID- 9945575
TI  - Nature of the dominant deep trap in amorphous silicon nitride.

PMID- 9945576
TI  - Balance-equation analysis of hot-carrier transport in a type-II semiconductor
      superlattice.

PMID- 9945577
TI  - Surface-bonding geometry of (2 x 1)S/Ge(001) by the normal-emission angle
      resolved photoemission extended-fine-structure technique.

PMID- 9945578
TI  - Interaction-driven dimensional crossover for a superlattice in a strong magnetic
      field: Hartree-Fock theory.

PMID- 9945579
TI  - Structural and electronic properties of spinel semiconductors: An ab initio
      pseudopotential study of MgIn2S

PMID- 9945580
TI  - Bonding at the CaF2/Si(111) interface from tight-binding cluster and band theory.

PMID- 9945581
TI  - Semiconductor noise.

PMID- 9945582
TI  - Noise of junction devices.

PMID- 9945584
TI  - Ambipolar transport in amorphous semiconductors in the lifetime and relaxation
      time regimes investigated by the steady-state photocarrier grating technique.

PMID- 9945583
TI  - Effects of hydrostatic pressure and phosphorus alloying on the Ag acceptor level
      in GaAs.

PMID- 9945585
TI  - Quantum-confined interband absorption in GaAs sawtooth-doping superlattices.

PMID- 9945586
TI  - Excitonic transitions in ZnSe epilayers grown on GaAs.

PMID- 9945587
TI  - Plasmons in finite type-II semiconductor multilayers.

PMID- 9945588
TI  - One- and three-dimensional photoconductive response of highly oriented
      polyacetylene.

PMID- 9945590
TI  - Tunable absorption in a ssV-shaped multiple-quantum-well structure.

PMID- 9945589
TI  - Optical properties and Raman spectra of the quasi-one-dimensional gold complexes
      AuX2dibenzylsulfide (X2=Cl2,ClBr,Br2).

PMID- 9945592
TI  - Theoretical analysis of electronic structures of short-period superlattices
      (GaAs)m/(AlAs)n and corresponding alloys Aln/(m+n)Gam/(m+n)As.

PMID- 9945591
TI  - Six-probe resistance measurements.

PMID- 9945593
TI  - Theory of hole resonant tunneling in quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9945594
TI  - Thermally induced metastable defects in hydrogenated amorphous silicon and
      silicon-carbon alloy films.

PMID- 9945595
TI  - Intersubband optical absorption in coupled quantum wells under an applied
      electric field.

PMID- 9945596
TI  - Electronic structure of the 2.087-eV bound exciton related to the Lii-LiGa-OP
      complex defect in GaP.

PMID- 9945597
TI  - Cyclotron resonance of an interface polaron in polar-polar crystals.

PMID- 9945598
TI  - Electronic band structure and nonparabolicity in strained-layer Si-Si1-xGex
      superlattices.

PMID- 9945599
TI  - Wannier-Stark levels in the valence band of semiconductor multiple quantum wells.

PMID- 9945601
TI  - Infrared activity of alpha -AlPO4.

PMID- 9945600
TI  - Magnetic-ion-pair interaction in (Cd,Mn)Te and (Cd,Mn)Se using spin-flip Raman
      scattering and magnetization.

PMID- 9945603
TI  - Attenuated total-reflectance spectra of strongly absorbing anisotropic single
      crystals: Trigonal alpha -quartz.

PMID- 9945602
TI  - Mechanism of interaction of strain fields and two-level systems in amorphous
      dielectrics at low temperature.

PMID- 9945604
TI  - Effects of isolated atomic collision cascades on SiO2/Si interfaces studied by
      scanning tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9945605
TI  - Azimuthally resolved optical second-harmonic generation from hydrogen on nickel
      (111).

PMID- 9945606
TI  - Study of magnetic susceptibility of CeNiAl and its hydrides.

PMID- 9945607
TI  - Polarons, bipolarons, and the bipolaron lattice in a linearly conjugated
      nondegenerate diatomic polymer.

PMID- 9945608
TI  - s-d transition and the universal equation of state.

PMID- 9945609
TI  - Photoelectron spectroscopy of single-size Au clusters collected on a substrate.

PMID- 9945610
TI  - New isoelectronic trap: Antimony in indium phosphide.

PMID- 9945612
TI  - Cyclotron mass of electrons in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9945611
TI  - Optical studies in InxGa

PMID- 9945614
TI  - Raman scattering from TO phonons in (GaAs)n/(AlAs)n superlattices.

PMID- 9945613
TI  - Effect of shallow secondary impurities on the hopping activation energy in
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9945615
TI  - Nonlinear dc conductivity in disordered metals near the metal-insulator
      transition.

PMID- 9945616
TI  - Kinetic-energy and mass analysis of carbon cluster ions in pulsed-laser
      stimulated field evaporation.

PMID- 9945617
TI  - Uniaxial strain events in molecular-dynamics simulations of small rafts of xenon
      physisorbed on Pt(111).

PMID- 9945618
TI  - Functional-integral approach to an exactly soluble one-dimensional electron
      phonon system.

PMID- 9945619
TI  - 2 pi level of chemisorbed CO on Ni(111): Nearest-neighbor interactions versus
      bonding to the substrate.

PMID- 9945620
TI  - Electronic structure of fcc and bcc close-packed silver surfaces.

PMID- 9945621
TI  - Short-range order in a partially crystallized Fe0.86B0.14 amorphous alloy: A
      comparison between spin-echo NMR and Mossbauer-effect studies.

PMID- 9945623
TI  - Selection rules and extended x-ray bremsstrahlung isochromat spectra of Cu and
      Pd.

PMID- 9945622
TI  - Structure of micro-MnAl4, a crystalline phase with composition close to that of
      quasicrystalline phases.

PMID- 9945624
TI  - Vanishing Hall voltage in a quasi-one-dimensional GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterojunction.

PMID- 9945625
TI  - Photoluminescence study of confined donors in GaAs/AlxGa

PMID- 9945626
TI  - Surface plasmons on doped-semiconductor films: Influence of the depletion region.

PMID- 9945628
TI  - Dynamical mass effect on confined exciton states.

PMID- 9945627
TI  - Impact ionization of free excitons and electron-hole droplets in silicon in weak
      electric and magnetic fields.

PMID- 9945629
TI  - Optical and electron paramagnetic resonance studies of Fe impurities in yttrium
      aluminum garnet crystals.

PMID- 9945631
TI  - Rigorous theory for chemical shifts in crystal: Application to graphite.

PMID- 9945630
TI  - Radiation-enhanced diffusion in amorphous Pd-Cu-Si.

PMID- 9945632
TI  - X-ray fluorescence of layered synthetic materials with interfacial roughness.

PMID- 9945633
TI  - Theoretical Mossbauer isomer shift of antimony chalcogenides.

PMID- 9945634
TI  - Resplitting of exchange-merged NMR absorption lines at high spin polarizations.

PMID- 9945636
TI  - 39K and 77Se NMR study of the paraelectric-to-incommensurate phase transition of
      K2SeO4.

PMID- 9945637
TI  - Velocity and work-function dependence of secondary-ion emission.

PMID- 9945635
TI  - Nuclear-quadrupole induction of atomic polarization.

PMID- 9945639
TI  - Charge-state dependence of fast heavy-ion-induced desorption yields described in
      a thermal model.

PMID- 9945638
TI  - Desorption yield for valine as induced by fast heavy ions.

PMID- 9945641
TI  - Determination of azimuth angle, incidence angle, and contact-potential difference
      for low-energy electron-diffraction fine-structure measurements.

PMID- 9945640
TI  - Polarization effects in magnetic resonance: Application to a chainlike system.

PMID- 9945642
TI  - EPR of Gd3+-doped single crystals of LiY1-xYbx

PMID- 9945644
TI  - Electronic correlations and satellites in superconducting oxides.

PMID- 9945643
TI  - Monte Carlo calculation of the Gd3+ EPR linewidth due to the dipole-dipole
      interaction in YbCl3

PMID- 9945645
TI  - Dependence of superconducting thermodynamics ratios on the shape of the electron
      phonon spectral density.

PMID- 9945646
TI  - Quantum fluctuations and the universal critical current in a granular
      superconducting film.

PMID- 9945647
TI  - Subharmonic energy-gap structure in superconducting weak links.

PMID- 9945648
TI  - Phase locking of Josephson-junction series arrays.

PMID- 9945650
TI  - Magnetism and superconductivity in (Er0.16Ho0.84)Rh4B4.

PMID- 9945649
TI  - Antiferromagnetic ordering of Cu ions in NdBa2Cu

PMID- 9945652
TI  - Crossover scaling in a dilute Bose superfluid near zero temperature.

PMID- 9945651
TI  - Monte Carlo simulations for a nonlocal sine-Gordon theory, vortex fluctuations,
      and connections to superconducting films.

PMID- 9945653
TI  - Complete wetting of helium on graphite.

PMID- 9945654
TI  - Perturbation theory of superconducting micronetworks near the phase-transition
      boundary.

PMID- 9945655
TI  - Evaporation and quantum tunneling of electrons from a helium surface.

PMID- 9945656
TI  - Fermi-liquid theory for the periodic Anderson model: Response functions.

PMID- 9945657
TI  - Field-dependent transport properties in paramagnon systems.

PMID- 9945659
TI  - Proximity effect of a ferromagnetic insulator in contact with a superconductor.

PMID- 9945658
TI  - Ground-state density profile of the weakly interacting Bose and Fermi gases
      confined in an arbitrary potential well.

PMID- 9945660
TI  - Coefficient of first viscosity via three-phonon processes in bulk liquid helium.

PMID- 9945661
TI  - Thermal conductivity and viscosity via phonon-phonon, phonon-roton, and roton
      roton scattering in thin 4He films.

PMID- 9945663
TI  - Exchange-driven ferric low-spin high-spin transition in iron-doped YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9945662
TI  - Effects of Sr doping on the optical properties of polycrystalline La2-xSrxCuO4-y.

PMID- 9945664
TI  - Substitution for copper in YBa2Cu3Oy: The first 3%

PMID- 9945665
TI  - Structure and bonding of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O crystal by x-ray photoelectron
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9945666
TI  - Carrier location in high-Tc superconductors and the degree of Cu-O covalency.

PMID- 9945667
TI  - Magnetic polarons in the two-dimensional Hubbard model.

PMID- 9945669
TI  - Mixed valency, hole concentration, and Tc in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9945668
TI  - Preparation, structure, and properties of the superconducting compound series
      Bi2Sr2Can-1CunOy with n=1, 2, and 3.

PMID- 9945670
TI  - Response functions of a superlattice with a basis: A model for oxide
      superconductors.

PMID- 9945671
TI  - Superconductivity and lattice distortions in high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9945672
TI  - Crystal-field and exchange interactions of dilute Gd3+ ions in Eu2CuO4.

PMID- 9945673
TI  - Superconductivity in the Hubbard model.

PMID- 9945674
TI  - Mossbauer studies of the high-Tc superconductor YBa2(Cu1-xFex57)3O7- delta
      (x=0.033).

PMID- 9945675
TI  - Epitaxy and disorientations in the ferroelastic superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9945676
TI  - Quasiparticle creation and condensation in a resonating-valence-bond
      superconductor.

PMID- 9945678
TI  - Simulation of vacancies in a two-dimensional Ising antiferromagnet.

PMID- 9945677
TI  - Phenomenological theory of ferromagnets without anisotropy.

PMID- 9945679
TI  - Surface melting of multilayer oxygen films on graphite studied by neutron
      diffraction.

PMID- 9945680
TI  - Renormalization-group technique applied to quenched systems.

PMID- 9945681
TI  - Static critical behavior of the two-dimensional Ising spin glass Rb2Cu1-xCoxF4.

PMID- 9945682
TI  - Amorphous magnetism in MnxSn

PMID- 9945683
TI  - First-order unbinding transition of an interface in two dimensions.

PMID- 9945684
TI  - Linear dielectric-breakdown electrostatics.

PMID- 9945685
TI  - Influence of charge-density-wave structure on paramagnetic spin waves in alkali
      metals.

PMID- 9945686
TI  - Domain growth in the field-theoretic version of the Potts model.

PMID- 9945687
TI  - Fractal approach in petrology: Small-angle neutron scattering experiments with
      volcanic rocks.

PMID- 9945688
TI  - Neutron diffraction study of alpha -MnC2O

PMID- 9945689
TI  - Pressure-temperature phase diagram of gamma -phase propylammonium
      tetrachloromanganate.

PMID- 9945690
TI  - Anomalous and subanomalous diffusion in stochastic trapping transport.

PMID- 9945691
TI  - Wetting layers caused by surface ionization in a near-critical binary liquid
      mixture.

PMID- 9945693
TI  - Constant-stress molecular dynamics: The phase diagram of silver iodide.

PMID- 9945692
TI  - Effective strong-coupling Hamiltonians for bipolaron centers and magnetic
      impurities with on-site electron-phonon coupling.

PMID- 9945694
TI  - Analysis of a new set of renormalization equations for the Kosterlitz-Thouless
      transition.

PMID- 9945695
TI  - Monte Carlo and high-temperature-expansion calculations of a spin-glass effective
      Hamiltonian.

PMID- 9945696
TI  - Monte Carlo simulations of the electron glass.

PMID- 9945697
TI  - Variational theory for the orbital-degenerate periodic Anderson model.

PMID- 9945698
TI  - Incommensurate phases in barium sodium niobate: Transmission-electron-microscopy
      study.

PMID- 9945700
TI  - Two-ion-interaction and crystal-field effects on the resistivity and
      susceptibility of hybridizing cerium systems.

PMID- 9945699
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility and exchange in IV-VI compound diluted magnetic
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9945701
TI  - Mechanism for the occurrence of paramagnetic planes within magnetically ordered
      cerium systems.

PMID- 9945702
TI  - Ferromagnetic strip domains in an atomic monolayer.

PMID- 9945703
TI  - Energy-density correlation function of the Ising model in small magnetic fields
      for T<Tc.

PMID- 9945705
TI  - Neighborhood notion in the magnetic-properties study of magnetic materials with a
      dominant superexchange interaction.

PMID- 9945704
TI  - Nonuniversality of ratios of critical and tricritical parameters in the three
      state Potts model with symmetry-breaking perturbations.

PMID- 9945707
TI  - Asymptotic and leading "correction-to-scaling" susceptibility critical exponents
      and amplitudes for ferromagnets with quenched disorder.

PMID- 9945706
TI  - Finite-size-scaling estimation of critical exponents in the two-dimensional axial
      next-nearest-neighbor Ising model.

PMID- 9945708
TI  - Coupled s-wave and d-wave states in the heavy-fermion superconductor U1-xThxBe13.

PMID- 9945709
TI  - Nonlinear calculations for the width of particle states.

PMID- 9945710
TI  - Magnetization and resistivity of Bi4Ca3Sr3Cu4O16-type materials having two
      superconductivity onset temperatures.

PMID- 9945712
TI  - Superconductivity and Cu valence of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films.

PMID- 9945711
TI  - Extraordinary Hall effect in YBa2Cu3O7- delta superconductors.

PMID- 9945713
TI  - Magnetoresistance and thermoelectric power of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system.

PMID- 9945714
TI  - Antiferromagnetic order in YBa2Cu3-xCoxO6+y.

PMID- 9945715
TI  - Phase constitution and thermal expansion of YBa2Cu3O7- delta single crystals.

PMID- 9945716
TI  - Dependence of the transition temperature on deviations from stoichiometry in the
      cuprate superconductors.

PMID- 9945717
TI  - Thermal conductivity and superconductivity in EuBa2Cu

PMID- 9945718
TI  - Temperature-dependent secondary electron yield from ion bombardment of gold and
      copper oxide superconductors.

PMID- 9945719
TI  - rf-driven Josephson junctions: Tails on the Shapiro steps of the I-V curves.

PMID- 9945720
TI  - Spin-polarized hydrogen in high magnetic fields.

PMID- 9945721
TI  - Current-voltage characteristics in a two-dimensional model for flux flow in type
      II superconductors.

PMID- 9945722
TI  - Atomic kinetic energies in bcc 3He.

PMID- 9945723
TI  - Dynamics of a fluxon in a long Josephson junction with a periodic lattice of
      inhomogeneities.

PMID- 9945725
TI  - Magnetic-hyperfine-field distributions in amorphous Fe90Zr10 Invar alloy and the
      effect of replacing Fe with Ni and/or Co.

PMID- 9945724
TI  - Resistivity studies on low-Tc A15 compounds.

PMID- 9945726
TI  - Dynamics of random Ising ferromagnets in the Griffiths phase.

PMID- 9945727
TI  - Analytic form for the one-component plasma structure factor.

PMID- 9945728
TI  - Crack arrest by residual bonding in resistor and spring networks.

PMID- 9945730
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of the 1/n2 plane rotator chain.

PMID- 9945729
TI  - Universal size dependence of the free energy of finite systems near criticality.

PMID- 9945731
TI  - Phase identification in the Cu-In-S system by gamma - gamma perturbed angular
      correlations.

PMID- 9945732
TI  - Influence of lead on the formation of the 110-K superconducting phase in the Bi
      Sr-Ca-Cu-O compounds.

PMID- 9945733
TI  - Antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in the presence of Ho moments in
      HoBa2Cu3Ox.

PMID- 9945735
TI  - Superconducting energy gap of BaPb1-xBixO3.

PMID- 9945734
TI  - Orientational anisotropy of the upper critical field in single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7
      and Bi2.2CaSr1.9Cu2O8+x.

PMID- 9945737
TI  - Field-induced magnetic form factor of La2CuO4-y.

PMID- 9945736
TI  - Ion-channeling investigation of thermal vibrational amplitudes across the
      superconducting transition in YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9945738
TI  - Tunneling measurements of the energy gap in Bi4Ca3Sr3Cu4O16+ delta.

PMID- 9945739
TI  - Anisotropic nuclear relaxation in YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9945740
TI  - Site assignment for copper nuclear-quadrupole-resonance lines in YBa2Cu3O7-
      delta.

PMID- 9945742
TI  - Field variation of the penetration depth in ceramic Y1Ba2Cu3Oy.

PMID- 9945741
TI  - Crystalline perfection of as-deposited high-Tc superconducting thin-film
      surfaces: Ion channeling and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study.

PMID- 9945743
TI  - Pairing mechanisms in high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9945745
TI  - Thermal conductivity of a kinetic Ising model.

PMID- 9945744
TI  - Lifetime of magnetically trapped ultracold atomic deuterium gas.

PMID- 9945746
TI  - Effect of extra Cu on ordering kinetics in thin films of Cu3Au.

PMID- 9945747
TI  - Static and dynamic central peaks in the freezing of a structural glass.

PMID- 9945749
TI  - Electronic structure of metal-electrolyte surfaces: Three-dimensional
      calculation.

PMID- 9945748
TI  - Possible spin-liquid state at large S for the frustrated square Heisenberg
      lattice.

PMID- 9945750
TI  - Electronic structure of hcp metals.

PMID- 9945752
TI  - Two ways to perform spin-polarized relativistic linear muffin-tin-orbital
      calculations.

PMID- 9945751
TI  - Absence of backscattering in the quantum Hall effect in multiprobe conductors.

PMID- 9945754
TI  - "Singular factor" method for electronic-structure calculations.

PMID- 9945753
TI  - Dynamic and thermodynamic properties of a spin-boson system.

PMID- 9945755
TI  - Segregation of substitutional bulk S to the Fe(100) surface and the Fe-Fe oxide
      interface: Molecular-orbital theory.

PMID- 9945757
TI  - Density-functional theory of elastic moduli: Icosahedral quasicrystals.

PMID- 9945756
TI  - Band structure and related properties of bcc niobium.

PMID- 9945758
TI  - Unoccupied band structure of the Nb(110) surface.

PMID- 9945759
TI  - Thickness dependence of the electronic structure of ultrathin, epitaxial
      Ni(111)/W(110) layers.

PMID- 9945761
TI  - Structural and optical properties of MgGa2Se4 and MgGa2Se4:Co2+ single crystals.

PMID- 9945760
TI  - Electronic behavior of selenium-rich selenium-tellurium liquid alloys.

PMID- 9945762
TI  - Dynamics of hierarchical Brownian oscillators.

PMID- 9945764
TI  - Two-dimensional angular correlation of electron-positron annihilation on a simple
      metal surface.

PMID- 9945763
TI  - Structural and electronic properties of WC.

PMID- 9945765
TI  - Volume dependence of the superconducting transition temperature of aluminum
      calculated from a first-principles potential.

PMID- 9945766
TI  - Long-wavelength absorption of cermets.

PMID- 9945767
TI  - Resistivity and Hall effect in sputtered Nb/Ni multilayers.

PMID- 9945768
TI  - Calculations of the local density of states of NiSi2, NiSi, Ni2Si, and Ni3Si
      using the Haydock recursion method.

PMID- 9945769
TI  - Bond repulsion, electron correlation, and dimerization in low-dimensional solids
      under pressure.

PMID- 9945770
TI  - Dynamical simulations of stress, strain, and finite deformations.

PMID- 9945771
TI  - Electronic structure of stoichiometric and off-stoichiometric TaCx.

PMID- 9945772
TI  - Structure of nanometer-sized polycrystalline iron investigated by positron
      lifetime spectroscopy.

PMID- 9945773
TI  - Modeling and interpretation of tweed microstructures in face-centered-cubic
      solids.

PMID- 9945774
TI  - Electronic transport and three-dimensional band structure of crystalline iodine
      under high pressure.

PMID- 9945777
TI  - Consequences of the monoclinic superspace group description of triclinic NbS3.

PMID- 9945775
TI  - Resonant photoemission in Ti2O3 and V2O3: Hybridization and localization of
      cation 3d orbitals.

PMID- 9945776
TI  - Mesoscopic ring in a magnetic field: Reactive and dissipative response.

PMID- 9945778
TI  - Phonon spectrum of liquid and amorphous metals.

PMID- 9945779
TI  - Adsorption of antimony on Au(001).

PMID- 9945780
TI  - Hydrogen local modes and phonon dispersion in LuD0.19 and Lu.

PMID- 9945781
TI  - Self-consistent dynamic image potential in tunneling.

PMID- 9945782
TI  - Observation of higher-order phases in the long-period superstructure of Au3+Zn.

PMID- 9945784
TI  - Computer-simulation study of the conduction processes in lightly doped
      polyacetylene films.

PMID- 9945783
TI  - Phonons in a W-Mo(001) superlattice.

PMID- 9945785
TI  - Structure of acceptor-hydrogen and donor-hydrogen complexes in silicon from
      uniaxial stress studies.

PMID- 9945786
TI  - Effect of a high transverse magnetic field on the tunneling through barriers
      between semiconductors and superlattices.

PMID- 9945787
TI  - Kinetics of H2 passivation of Pb centers at the (111) Si-SiO2 interface.

PMID- 9945788
TI  - Multivalley single-band model for above-barrier optical transitions in
      arbitrarily shaped superlattices.

PMID- 9945789
TI  - Hyperfine interactions in cluster models of the Pb defect center.

PMID- 9945790
TI  - Electric field effects on excitons and shallow donor impurities.

PMID- 9945792
TI  - Intersubband resonances and plasmons in quasi-two-dimensional systems: A line
      shape and coupling analysis.

PMID- 9945791
TI  - Interactions between (HgCd)Te and overlayers of intermediate reactivity (Ge, Ag,
      and Cu).

PMID- 9945793
TI  - Surface structure and long-range order of the Ge(111)-c(2 x 8) reconstruction.

PMID- 9945795
TI  - Acceptor-exciton complexes in ZnO: A comprehensive analysis of their electronic
      states by high-resolution magnetooptics and excitation spectroscopy.

PMID- 9945794
TI  - Monte Carlo analysis of electron transport in small semiconductor devices
      including band-structure and space-charge effects.

PMID- 9945796
TI  - Nonlinear optics and transport in laser-excited semiconductors.

PMID- 9945797
TI  - Effect of an applied magnetic field on the abrupt donor collapse in a
      ferromagnetic semiconductor.

PMID- 9945798
TI  - Absorption saturation of heavy- to light-hole band transitions in p-type InSb.

PMID- 9945800
TI  - Quantum-size effects of interacting electrons and holes in semiconductor
      microcrystals with spherical shape.

PMID- 9945801
TI  - Specific heat of silicon in the millidegree region.

PMID- 9945799
TI  - High-pressure studies of GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs quantum wells at 300 and 80 K using
      photoreflectance spectroscopy.

PMID- 9945802
TI  - Theory of magnetooptical properties in quantum wells of narrow-gap
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9945803
TI  - Anisotropy and interference effects in magnetooptical transitions in p-type zinc
      blende semiconductors.

PMID- 9945804
TI  - Excitons in type-II quantum-well systems: Binding of the spatially separated
      electron and hole.

PMID- 9945805
TI  - Electron time-of-flight measurements in sulfur interpreted via an extra surface
      mobility channel.

PMID- 9945806
TI  - Quantum reflections and inelastic scattering of electrons in semiconductor
      heterostructures.

PMID- 9945808
TI  - Thermal emission of holes from defects in uniaxially stressed p-type silicon.

PMID- 9945807
TI  - Localization of band-edge states in periodic models of a-Si.

PMID- 9945810
TI  - Positron states in Si and GaAs.

PMID- 9945809
TI  - Theoretical calculation of band-edge discontinuities near a strained
      heterojunction: Application to (In,Ga)As/GaAs.

PMID- 9945811
TI  - Photoreactions at the n-type-WSe2-electrolyte interface: Study by electrolyte
      electroreflectance and photocurrent transient measurements.

PMID- 9945812
TI  - Determination of the bonding and growth of Ag on Si(100)-(2 x 1).

PMID- 9945813
TI  - Selective low-power plasma decomposition of silane-methane mixtures for the
      preparation of methylated amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9945814
TI  - Empirical interatomic potential for silicon with improved elastic properties.

PMID- 9945815
TI  - Electronic properties under pressure of the cubic binary Ga compounds.

PMID- 9945816
TI  - Activation enthalpy of recombination-enhanced vacancy migration in Si.

PMID- 9945818
TI  - Carrier excitation by atomic collisions at semiconductor surfaces.

PMID- 9945817
TI  - Photothermal deflection method for monitoring photoelectronic and nonradiative
      energy conversion in semiconductor photoelectrochemical cells.

PMID- 9945820
TI  - Suitable system for observation of surface plasmons in a semi-infinite
      semiconductor superlattice.

PMID- 9945819
TI  - Hydrogen passivation of a substitutional sulfur defect in silicon.

PMID- 9945821
TI  - Matrix method for tunneling in heterostructures: Resonant tunneling in multilayer
      systems.

PMID- 9945823
TI  - Spectral and up-conversion dynamics and their relationship to the laser
      properties of BaYb2F

PMID- 9945822
TI  - Dielectric rotary echoes in vitreous silica.

PMID- 9945824
TI  - Optical detection of x-ray-absorption spectra: Sodium salicylate as an example.

PMID- 9945825
TI  - Fluorescence of tin-sensitized manganese in single-crystalline NaCl.

PMID- 9945826
TI  - Explanation of mechanical and electrical relaxation due to mobile ions in a
      superionic glass over the range 1 Hz-20 GHz by the coupling theory.

PMID- 9945828
TI  - Assignment and temperature dependence of the Raman modes of LiTaO3 studied over
      the ferroelectric and paraelectric phases.

PMID- 9945827
TI  - Optical spectroscopy and four-wave mixing in emerald.

PMID- 9945830
TI  - Roughness-induced resonance for molecular fluorescence near a corrugated metallic
      surface.

PMID- 9945829
TI  - Molecular-dynamics investigation of hydrogen hopping in palladium.

PMID- 9945831
TI  - Xenon adsorption on a Pt(110)(1 x 2) surface.

PMID- 9945833
TI  - Catalysis and subsurface bonding.

PMID- 9945832
TI  - Distribution of magnetic-moment magnitudes in an Al-Mn-Si quasicrystal.

PMID- 9945834
TI  - Bound-state resonances for electrons in thin metal overlayers on a metal.

PMID- 9945835
TI  - Tight-binding theory of tunneling current with chemisorbed species.

PMID- 9945836
TI  - Amplification of a new surface plasma mode in the type-I semiconductor
      superlattice.

PMID- 9945837
TI  - Enhanced spin susceptibility in phosphorus-doped silicon.

PMID- 9945838
TI  - Envelope-function matching conditions for GaAs/(Al,Ga)As heterojunctions.

PMID- 9945839
TI  - Origin of the magnetic-circular-dichroism absorption of undoped as-grown GaAs.

PMID- 9945840
TI  - Composition dependence of longitudinal optical phonon modes in CdxHg1-xTe with
      0.5 <= x <= 1.

PMID- 9945842
TI  - Piezoelectric scattering in multiple-quantum-well structures in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9945841
TI  - Density-functional one-body potential theory of the Fermi surface via the Kohn
      anomaly.

PMID- 9945843
TI  - Thermal expansion of tourmaline single crystals from 80 to 300 K.

PMID- 9945845
TI  - Core exciton in sodium halides studied by photoelectron spectroscopy.

PMID- 9945844
TI  - Electron-spin-resonance studies of the charge-density-wave phase of (TaSe4)2I.

PMID- 9945846
TI  - Cu+ diffusion and interionic potentials for Cu+ in alkali halides.

PMID- 9945848
TI  - Test of classical nucleation theory in a condensed system.

PMID- 9945847
TI  - Second pressure derivatives of the second-order elastic constants of some alkali
      halides.

PMID- 9945849
TI  - Noise, intermittency, and mode locking in sliding-charge-density-wave conductors.

PMID- 9945850
TI  - Fractional quantum Hall effect at even-denominator filling fractions.

PMID- 9945851
TI  - Optimal structures for classical wave localization: An alternative to the Ioffe
      Regel criterion.

PMID- 9945853
TI  - Conductance of a Penrose tiling.

PMID- 9945852
TI  - Structural phase transitions and equations of state for selenium under pressure.

PMID- 9945854
TI  - Contact resistance in the scanning tunneling microscope at very small distances.

PMID- 9945855
TI  - Alternating donorlike-acceptorlike configurationally bistable defect in
      irradiated phosphorus-doped silicon.

PMID- 9945856
TI  - Tunneling from accumulation layers in high magnetic fields.

PMID- 9945857
TI  - Epitaxy-induced structural phase transformations.

PMID- 9945858
TI  - Ultralow-temperature behavior of the nu =(5/2 fractional quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9945859
TI  - Optical transmission spectroscopy of the two-dimensional electron gas in GaAs in
      the quantum Hall regime.

PMID- 9945861
TI  - Saturation of light- and heavy-hole exciton energies in very narrow quantum
      wells.

PMID- 9945860
TI  - Influence of electron-hole scattering on subpicosecond carrier relaxation in
      AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9945862
TI  - Observation of the zero-field spin splitting of the ground electron subband in
      GaSb-InAs-GaSb quantum wells.

PMID- 9945864
TI  - Simulation of the Vk center in LiF using Hartree-Fock clusters.

PMID- 9945863
TI  - Atomic displacements of Si in the Si(111)-( sqrt 3 x sqrt 3) R30 degrees-Ag
      surface studied by high-energy ion channeling.

PMID- 9945865
TI  - High-angular-momentum excitons in GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9945866
TI  - Combined intersubband-cyclotron resonance in a GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs heterojunction.

PMID- 9945867
TI  - Aharonov-Bohm effect in a singly connected point contact.

PMID- 9945868
TI  - Protonic conduction in oxide glasses: Simple relations between electrical
      conductivity, activation energy, and the O-H bonding state.

PMID- 9945869
TI  - Isotope-shift measurement of the NO2- gap mode spectrum in KI with persistent ir
      spectral holes.

PMID- 9945871
TI  - Structural analysis of the Pt(110)-(1 x 2) surface using medium-energy ion
      scattering.

PMID- 9945870
TI  - Pressure-induced changes in LIII x-ray-absorption near-edge structure of CeO2 and
      CeF4: Relevance to 4f-electronic structure.

PMID- 9945872
TI  - Amorphization mechanisms in ion-bombarded metallic alloys.

PMID- 9945873
TI  - Diffusion of hydrogen in Nb1-yVy alloys.

PMID- 9945874
TI  - First-principles study of the electronic and magnetic structure of c(2 x 2)
      sulfur chemisorbed above Fe(001).

PMID- 9945875
TI  - Temperature dependence of third-order elastic constants of potassium manganese
      fluoride.

PMID- 9945876
TI  - Three-band model for exciton formation in rare-earth compounds.

PMID- 9945877
TI  - Interaction of He+ and Ne+ ions with Ni(100)-K and Cu(100)-K surfaces having
      variable potassium coverage.

PMID- 9945878
TI  - Properties of tellurium-doped epitaxial bismuth films.

PMID- 9945879
TI  - Thermal magnetoresistance of potassium.

PMID- 9945880
TI  - Temperature-dependent ac conductivity of thin percolation films.

PMID- 9945881
TI  - Temperature dependence of the resistance in ultrathin Nb wires.

PMID- 9945883
TI  - Anisotropy of the optical constants of pure and metallic polyacetylene.

PMID- 9945882
TI  - Relativistic effects on the surface electronic structure of Mo(011).

PMID- 9945884
TI  - Electronic spectral properties of surfaces and adsorbates and atom-adsorbate van
      der Waals interactions.

PMID- 9945885
TI  - Energy-flow-reversing N processes in elastically anisotropic crystals.

PMID- 9945886
TI  - High-frequency dielectric loss of Na beta -alumina: Evidence for relaxation
      crossover.

PMID- 9945887
TI  - Core-level binding-energy shifts during metal adsorption and compound formation:
      Yb/Ni(100).

PMID- 9945888
TI  - Flicker (1/f) noise in copper films due to radiation-induced defects.

PMID- 9945889
TI  - Nitrogen overlayer on reconstructed Ni(100): Lattice dynamics and surface-phonon
      dispersion.

PMID- 9945890
TI  - Optical phonon attenuation in impure metals and superconductors.

PMID- 9945891
TI  - Electron-energy-loss spectroscopy of H adsorbed on Rh(100): Interpretation of
      overtone spectra as two-phonon bound states.

PMID- 9945893
TI  - Tight-binding study of the anomalous phonon spectrum of barium.

PMID- 9945892
TI  - Quantum corrections to the conductivity in Mg-based metallic glasses.

PMID- 9945894
TI  - Magnetic properties of the (100) surface of Fe.

PMID- 9945895
TI  - Local-field effects in the electric field gradient of dilute transition-metal
      alloys.

PMID- 9945896
TI  - Local environment of iron sites in icosahedral Al65Cu

PMID- 9945897
TI  - Electronic structure of rhodium.

PMID- 9945899
TI  - Effects of doping on the electronic properties of NbSe3.

PMID- 9945898
TI  - Electronic structure of Fe, Co, and Ni impurities in Pd.

PMID- 9945900
TI  - Magnetization and electron-spin-resonance studies of doped NbSe3.

PMID- 9945901
TI  - Evidence for a substitutional Mg acceptor level in silicon.

PMID- 9945902
TI  - Self-consistent-field X alpha scattered-wave calculation of the electronic
      structure of arsenic chalcogenide molecules.

PMID- 9945903
TI  - Vibrational properties of amorphous silicon-germanium alloys and superlattices.

PMID- 9945904
TI  - Generalized transfer Hamiltonian for the study of resonant tunneling.

PMID- 9945905
TI  - Acceptor-bound magnetic polarons in Cd1-xMnxTe.

PMID- 9945906
TI  - Excitonic reference state of a model semiconductor in the dynamic Stark regime.

PMID- 9945907
TI  - Electronic theory of ordering in (GaAs)1-xGe

PMID- 9945908
TI  - Theory of alloy broadening of deep levels in semiconductor alloys: Effects of
      second-neighbor disorder.

PMID- 9945909
TI  - Bound phonons in n-type GaP.

PMID- 9945910
TI  - 29Si spin relaxation in Si:P and Si:(P,B) near the metal-insulator transition.

PMID- 9945912
TI  - Band lineup in GaAs1-xSbx/GaAs strained-layer multiple quantum wells grown by
      molecular-beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9945911
TI  - Noble-gas ion bombardment on clean silicon surfaces.

PMID- 9945913
TI  - Scattering-theoretical method for semiconductor surfaces: Self-consistent
      formulation and application to Si(001)-(2 x 1).

PMID- 9945914
TI  - Energy gap, excitonic, and "internal" Mn2+ optical transition in Mn-based II-VI
      diluted magnetic semiconductors.

PMID- 9945915
TI  - Dynamics of tetrahedral networks: Amorphous Si and Ge.

PMID- 9945916
TI  - Optical dielectric function of hydrogenated amorphous silicon: Tetrahedron model
      and experimental results.

PMID- 9945917
TI  - High-resolution spectroscopy of silver-doped silicon.

PMID- 9945918
TI  - Spatially dependent screening calculation of binding energies of hydrogenic
      impurity states in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9945919
TI  - Polarized resonant Raman spectra of fully oriented cis-(CH)x films.

PMID- 9945920
TI  - Space charge associated with resonant tunneling.

PMID- 9945921
TI  - Photoemission study of reactive rare-earth/semiconductor interfaces: Tm/GaAs(110)
      and Yb/GaAs(110).

PMID- 9945922
TI  - Resonance Raman scattering of Si local vibrational modes in GaAs.

PMID- 9945923
TI  - Deep impurity levels in semiconductor superlattices.

PMID- 9945925
TI  - Chemisorption of atomic aluminum on Si(111): Evidence for an adsorbate-induced
      relaxation based on ab initio cluster-model calculations.

PMID- 9945924
TI  - Relation of anomalous Raman spectra of GaAs to metastable transitions of EL2
      defects.

PMID- 9945926
TI  - Stable atomic geometries of oxygen microclusters in silicon.

PMID- 9945927
TI  - Disorder effects on resonant tunneling in double-barrier quantum wells.

PMID- 9945928
TI  - Anisotropy of the third-order nonlinear-optical susceptibility in a degenerate
      ground-state conjugated polymer: trans-(CH)x.

PMID- 9945929
TI  - Local charge-density-wave structure in 1T-TaS2 determined by scanning tunneling
      microscopy.

PMID- 9945930
TI  - Exciton effects in stress-induced doubly resonant Raman scattering: GaAs.

PMID- 9945931
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility of iron-based semimagnetic semiconductors: High
      temperature regime.

PMID- 9945932
TI  - Electron-transport parameters and tail-state distribution in hydrogenated
      amorphous silicon obtained from position and tail-state matrix simulation of
      drift experiments.

PMID- 9945934
TI  - Coulomb energy and correlations of inversion-layer electrons in metal-oxide
      semiconductor field-effect transistor devices.

PMID- 9945933
TI  - Pd overlayer growth on InP(110), GaAs(110), and InSb(110): Comparisons of anion
      surface segregation.

PMID- 9945936
TI  - Scattering time and single-particle relaxation time in a disordered two
      dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9945935
TI  - Carrier-induced shift and broadening of optical spectra in an AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs
      quantum well with a gate electrode.

PMID- 9945937
TI  - Afterglow and photoconductivity in europium-doped alkali halides.

PMID- 9945938
TI  - Multiple scattering in the x-ray-absorption near-edge structure of tetrahedral Ge
      gases.

PMID- 9945940
TI  - Quadrupolar relaxation in (KBr)1-x(KCN)x.

PMID- 9945939
TI  - Monte Carlo and lattice-dynamics studies of the thermal and elastic properties of
      a rigid-ion model of sodium chloride.

PMID- 9945941
TI  - Electronic structure, hyperfine interactions, and magnetic properties for iron
      octahedral sulfides.

PMID- 9945942
TI  - Two-dimensional Fourier analysis and quasielastic light-scattering measurements
      of colloid crystals.

PMID- 9945943
TI  - Electronic structure of MnO studied by angle-resolved and resonant photoemission.

PMID- 9945945
TI  - Precipitation-induced quenching of Eu2+ luminescence in NaCl:EuCl2.

PMID- 9945944
TI  - Electronic structure and optical properties of the impurity Cu+ in NaF.

PMID- 9945946
TI  - Optical study of charge transfer in stage-2 K(NH3)4.5C

PMID- 9945947
TI  - Raman activity in the beta phase of silver iodide: Low-temperature ordered
      crystal.

PMID- 9945948
TI  - Evidence of V- centers in trivalent rare-earth doped MgS.

PMID- 9945949
TI  - Two-dimensional image-potential-induced electron band.

PMID- 9945950
TI  - Attractive interaction between electrons: An electron-pairing mechanism for
      superconductivity.

PMID- 9945951
TI  - Dynamical line broadening in dense exciton systems.

PMID- 9945952
TI  - Nonequilibrium Green's functions and nonlinear quantum transport coefficients.

PMID- 9945953
TI  - Haydock recursion-method calculations of the local density of states of NiSi2 and
      Ni3Si.

PMID- 9945955
TI  - Generalized Ramsauer-Townsend effect in extended x-ray-absorption fine structure.

PMID- 9945954
TI  - Singularity index of the core-level x-ray photoemission spectrum from surface
      atoms.

PMID- 9945956
TI  - Analysis of the structure of molten germanium from local and nonlocal
      pseudopotentials.

PMID- 9945957
TI  - Theoretical isothermal equation of state of rhenium.

PMID- 9945958
TI  - Effective-medium calculations for an amorphous metallic alloy.

PMID- 9945959
TI  - Low-field magnetoresistance of n-type GaAs in the variable-range hopping regime.

PMID- 9945961
TI  - Band offsets in HgTe/CdTe and HgSe/CdSe heterostructures from electron mobility
      limited by alloy scattering.

PMID- 9945960
TI  - Optical properties of tantalum disilicide thin films.

PMID- 9945963
TI  - Raman studies of hexagonal ZnS:Al.

PMID- 9945962
TI  - Interpretation of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations and the quantum Hall effect in a
      heterojunction with two populated subbands.

PMID- 9945964
TI  - Schottky-like correction terms in heterojunction band lineups.

PMID- 9945965
TI  - Comment on "Atomic model for the EL2 defect in GaAs"

PMID- 9945966
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Atomic model for the EL2 defect in GaAs"

PMID- 9945967
TI  - Hall effect and ballistic conduction in one-dimensional quantum wires.

PMID- 9945969
TI  - Many-body effective mass and anomalous g factor in inversion layers.

PMID- 9945968
TI  - Two-dimensional compressibility of electrochemically adsorbed lead on silver
      (111).

PMID- 9945971
TI  - Intersubband transitions and subband-Landau-level coupling in a vicinally
      oriented Si n-type inversion layer.

PMID- 9945970
TI  - Effective-medium theory for weakly nonlinear composites.

PMID- 9945972
TI  - Concentration-dependent band offset in InxGa1-xAs/GaAs strained quantum wells.

PMID- 9945974
TI  - Nuclear-magnetic-double-resonance investigation of the dopant microstructure in
      hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9945973
TI  - Electronic sputtering of condensed O2.

PMID- 9945975
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance on oriented rare-earth nuclei in rare-earth hosts:
      Application to 160Tb.

PMID- 9945977
TI  - Optically induced electron-spin resonance in AsxS

PMID- 9945976
TI  - Electronic properties of small supported Pt particles: NMR study of 195Pt
      hyperfine parameters.

PMID- 9945978
TI  - Spectral hole burning, Zeeman effect, and hyperfine structure for Tb3+:LiYF4.

PMID- 9945979
TI  - Temperature dependence of the hyperfine field and magnetization in ultrathin
      epitaxial Fe films.

PMID- 9945980
TI  - Dynamics of resonant phonons in ruby and alexandrite: A pair-state model.

PMID- 9945982
TI  - Nuclear-spin relaxation in molecular solids with reorienting methyl and t-butyl
      groups: The spectral density and the state of the solid.

PMID- 9945981
TI  - Planar channeling in superlattices. II. Catastrophic dechanneling.

PMID- 9945983
TI  - Significance of isotope effects for secondary-ion emission models.

PMID- 9945984
TI  - Mechanisms producing inelastic structures in low-energy electron transmission
      spectra.

PMID- 9945985
TI  - Angular distribution of positrons emitted from metal surfaces.

PMID- 9945986
TI  - Manifestation of substituent effects in the Auger parameter.

PMID- 9945987
TI  - Inelastic background signal in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

PMID- 9945988
TI  - Detection of twinning in KNaSO4 crystals by electron paramagnetic resonance and
      by x-ray diffraction.

PMID- 9945990
TI  - Search for NMR line-shape broadening by charge-density waves in potassium.

PMID- 9945989
TI  - EPR of Ni+ centers in RbCaF3: Application to the study of the 195-K structural
      phase transition.

PMID- 9945991
TI  - Transition from quantum to classical dissipation in the problem of escape from a
      metastable well: Application to Josephson junctions.

PMID- 9945992
TI  - Magnetoresistance study of the effect of disorder on the organic superconductor
      bis-tetramethyltetraselenafulvalenium perchlorate.

PMID- 9945993
TI  - Josephson current through a short and narrow orifice in a p-wave superfluid.

PMID- 9945995
TI  - Magnetism in the heavy-electron superconductors UPt3 and URu2Si2.

PMID- 9945994
TI  - Field dissociation of HeRh2+ by atomic tunneling: A study of the effects of
      vibrational and rotational motion.

PMID- 9945997
TI  - Long-wavelength sound propagation in superfluid-filled porous media with novel
      geometries.

PMID- 9945996
TI  - Heavy-fermion system: Superconducting and magnetic fluctuations within a periodic
      cluster Hubbard model.

PMID- 9945998
TI  - Spin-polarized atomic hydrogen in very strong magnetic fields.

PMID- 9945999
TI  - Magnetic field effects in Josephson networks.

PMID- 9946000
TI  - Temperature dependence of S(Q, omega ) in liquid 4He under pressure.

PMID- 9946002
TI  - Theory of the electron-spin susceptibility in antiferromagnetic superconductors.

PMID- 9946001
TI  - Near-monolayer 3He-4He films: Two superfluid transitions and the 3He effective
      mass and binding energy.

PMID- 9946003
TI  - Free-energy calculations in a self-consistent model of the proximity effect.

PMID- 9946004
TI  - Inelastic neutron scattering from liquid and solid hydrogen at high momentum
      transfer.

PMID- 9946005
TI  - Phase lock of a weakly biased inhomogeneous long Josephson junction to an
      external microwave source.

PMID- 9946006
TI  - Properties of strong-coupled superconductors.

PMID- 9946007
TI  - Classical Hall effect in two-dimensional composites: A characterization of the
      set of realizable effective conductivity tensors.

PMID- 9946008
TI  - Atomistic simulation of ionic and electronic defects in YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9946009
TI  - Metallic doping sites in Y1Ba

PMID- 9946010
TI  - Temperature dependence of YBa2Cu3O7-x local structure: A perturbed-angular
      correlation study.

PMID- 9946011
TI  - Electronic structure of Cu2O and CuO.

PMID- 9946012
TI  - Cu adatom interactions with single- and polycrystalline Bi2Ca1+xSr2-xCu2O8+y and
      YBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9946013
TI  - Superconducting phase of La2CuO4-y: Superconducting composition resulting from
      phase separation.

PMID- 9946015
TI  - Electronic structure and properties of superconducting LiTi2O4.

PMID- 9946014
TI  - High-frequency Raman scattering in the superconducting and semiconducting phases
      of Ba2YCu3Ox-type single crystals and ceramics.

PMID- 9946016
TI  - Parameters of a Hubbard Hamiltonian to describe superconducting Cu oxides.

PMID- 9946018
TI  - Evidence for Fe4+ in YBa2 (Cu1-xMx)3O7-y (M=57Fe, 57Co) by absorption and
      emission Mossbauer spectroscopy.

PMID- 9946017
TI  - Understanding core-level decay processes in the high-temperature superconductors.

PMID- 9946019
TI  - Isotopic and isomorphic substitution of YBa2Cu3O6 and YBa2Cu3O7: Far-infrared
      spectroscopy and assignment of phonons.

PMID- 9946020
TI  - New critical-state model for critical currents in ceramic high-Tc
      superconductors.

PMID- 9946021
TI  - Transmission of order in a correlated spin glass.

PMID- 9946023
TI  - Extended Ising model.

PMID- 9946022
TI  - Universal domain growth in a lattice-gas model of O/Pd(110).

PMID- 9946024
TI  - Three- and four-magnon decay of nonlinear surface magnetostatic waves in thin
      ferromagnetic films.

PMID- 9946026
TI  - Diffusion in a sparsely connected space: A model for glassy relaxation.

PMID- 9946025
TI  - Cellular growth near absolute stability.

PMID- 9946027
TI  - Critical slowing down in microcanonical Ising dynamics.

PMID- 9946028
TI  - Phase transitions of a quasiperiodic Josephson-junction array in magnetic fields.

PMID- 9946029
TI  - Modeling of the Fe-Al phase diagram.

PMID- 9946030
TI  - Magnetic phase diagram, static properties, and relaxation of the insulating spin
      glass Co1-xMnxCl2

PMID- 9946031
TI  - Surface three-body recombination in spin-polarized atomic hydrogen.

PMID- 9946032
TI  - Magnetic order in the two-dimensional randomly mixed ferromagnet-antiferromagnet
      Rb2Cu1-xCoxF4.

PMID- 9946033
TI  - Raman scattering from vibrational and magnetic modes in Dy, Er, and Y films.

PMID- 9946035
TI  - Kinetics of precursor-mediated ordering of two-dimensional domains.

PMID- 9946034
TI  - Self-similar polynomials obtained from a one-dimensional quasiperiodic model.

PMID- 9946037
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of the S=(1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain and the
      long-distance behavior of the spin-correlation function.

PMID- 9946036
TI  - Finite-size scaling theory for domain growth in the time-dependent Ginzburg
      Landau model.

PMID- 9946038
TI  - Evolution of heavy-fermion behavior in the series CePtxSi: A ferromagnetic dense
      Kondo system.

PMID- 9946039
TI  - Thermodynamic Bethe-ansatz equations for the Hubbard chain with an attractive
      interaction.

PMID- 9946040
TI  - Molecular-dynamics method for the simulation of bulk-solid interfaces at high
      temperatures.

PMID- 9946041
TI  - Short-range correlations in magnetic systems: Effective-cluster approach.

PMID- 9946042
TI  - Magnetochemistry of chromium(III): Linear-chain-to-simple-cubic crossover
      magnetic interactions in several halopentammines.

PMID- 9946044
TI  - Spin-Peierls transition temperature in the strongly correlated Hubbard model for
      uniform Heisenberg chains.

PMID- 9946043
TI  - Frequency-dependent conductivity of insulating Si:P and Si:As near the metal
      insulator transition.

PMID- 9946045
TI  - Monte Carlo simulations of nonclassical nucleation.

PMID- 9946046
TI  - Ferromagnetic multilayers: Statics and dynamics.

PMID- 9946047
TI  - Hall effect in percolating systems.

PMID- 9946049
TI  - Numerical study of spinodal decomposition for Langevin equations.

PMID- 9946048
TI  - Growth kinetics for a model two-dimensional fluid.

PMID- 9946050
TI  - Local magnetizations in the competing-anisotropy system K2CoxFe1-xF4: NMR
      investigation.

PMID- 9946052
TI  - Random-field Ising model in the pair approximation.

PMID- 9946051
TI  - Algorithm for the simulation of many-electron systems at low temperatures.

PMID- 9946054
TI  - Higher-order corrections for the quadratic Ising lattice susceptibility.

PMID- 9946053
TI  - Evolution of multilayer Ar and Ne films from two-dimensional to bulk behavior.

PMID- 9946056
TI  - Calculation of thermodynamic properties using the random-phase approximation:
      alpha -N2.

PMID- 9946055
TI  - Molecular-dynamics model for electron transfer at the electrode-electrolyte
      interface.

PMID- 9946057
TI  - Defect interactions and canting in ferromagnets.

PMID- 9946058
TI  - Long-range effective interactions and spin canting: A model for amorphous
      magnetism.

PMID- 9946059
TI  - One-dimensional inhomogeneous Ising model with periodic boundary conditions.

PMID- 9946061
TI  - Weak localization in spin-glass systems.

PMID- 9946060
TI  - Electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility in the amorphous CrxGe1-x
      alloy system.

PMID- 9946062
TI  - Bloch walls and anomalous longitudinal Glauber dynamics of dilute anisotropic
      magnets at the percolation threshold.

PMID- 9946063
TI  - Dynamic correlation functions in quantum many-body systems at zero temperature.

PMID- 9946064
TI  - Relaxation and transition in general Huberman-Kerszberg models: A recursive
      variational method.

PMID- 9946065
TI  - Fractal dimension measured with perimeter-area relation and toughness of
      materials.

PMID- 9946066
TI  - Statistical simulations of photoelectron spectral functions for aqueous
      solutions.

PMID- 9946067
TI  - Electron localization in a quasiperiodic array of potential wells.

PMID- 9946068
TI  - Rotational magnetic processes in a dirty superconductor.

PMID- 9946069
TI  - EPR evidence of a pressure-induced phase transition in LiKSO4.

PMID- 9946070
TI  - Tunneling characteristics of internal Josephson junctions in YBa2Cu3O7- delta
      thin films.

PMID- 9946071
TI  - Doping dependence of antiferromagnetism in La2CuO4: A numerical study based on a
      resonating-valence-bond state.

PMID- 9946072
TI  - Influence of Zn impurities on the superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O compound.

PMID- 9946073
TI  - Utilization of a Hubbard U model to understand the valence-band photoelectron
      data for the high-temperature superconductors.

PMID- 9946075
TI  - Emergence of superconductivity in a Bi-Sr-Cu-O system.

PMID- 9946074
TI  - Valence-band and core-level photoemission study of single-crystal Bi2CaSr2Cu2O8
      superconductors.

PMID- 9946076
TI  - Magnetic relaxation and the lower critical fields in a Y-Ba-Cu-O crystal.

PMID- 9946077
TI  - Soft-x-ray photoemission study of the electronic structure of Bi4Ca3Sr3Cu4O16+x.

PMID- 9946078
TI  - Superconductivity in the single-band Hubbard model: Mean-field treatment of slave
      boson pairing.

PMID- 9946079
TI  - Excess-electron surface states of helium clusters.

PMID- 9946081
TI  - Free-energy surfaces for superconducting Y1Ba2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9946080
TI  - Upper critical field of complex superconducting networks in the continuum limit.

PMID- 9946083
TI  - Polymer precursor synthesis and characterization of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9946082
TI  - Hole pairing in a CuO2 plane.

PMID- 9946084
TI  - Hysteretic phase transition in Y1Ba2Cu3O7-x superconductors.

PMID- 9946085
TI  - Neutron-diffraction study of NdBa2Cu3O7+x with x=0.06 and 0.18.

PMID- 9946086
TI  - Variational ground state of a system with strong electron-phonon interaction.

PMID- 9946087
TI  - Ground state of the periodic Anderson model: Comparison of exact diagonalization
      and Monte Carlo results.

PMID- 9946089
TI  - Born-Bogoliubov-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy for continuum percolation.

PMID- 9946088
TI  - Aharonov-Bohm effect in normal-metal rings of finite width: A variational study.

PMID- 9946090
TI  - Magnetic properties of an amorphous mixed Ising spin system.

PMID- 9946091
TI  - Applications of gauge invariance to quantum disordered many-spin systems.

PMID- 9946092
TI  - Temperature-dependent nonlinear dynamic response of a KH2PO4 crystal near phase
      transition.

PMID- 9946093
TI  - Scattering properties of solitons in nonlinear disordered chains.

PMID- 9946094
TI  - Vanishing anisotropy energy of a spin glass in electron-spin resonance at T >=
      Tg.

PMID- 9946096
TI  - Magnetic structures of fcc systems with nearest-neighbor and next-nearest
      neighbor exchange interactions.

PMID- 9946095
TI  - Magnetoconductivity near the percolation threshold in granular Sn:Ar mixtures.

PMID- 9946097
TI  - Low-temperature magnetic structure of MnO: A high-resolution neutron-diffraction
      study.

PMID- 9946098
TI  - Growth law of order-parameter fluctuation in a random interface system.

PMID- 9946099
TI  - Observable effects of the quantum adiabatic phase for noncyclic evolution.

PMID- 9946100
TI  - Nonlinear magnetic lattice and the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation.

PMID- 9946101
TI  - Further results for infinite conservation laws in the one-dimensional Hubbard
      model.

PMID- 9946103
TI  - Comment on "Magnons and solitons in a spin-1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg-Ising
      ring"

PMID- 9946102
TI  - Comment on "Critical behavior of the three-dimensional site-random Ising magnet:
      MnxZn

PMID- 9946104
TI  - Pippard-coherence-length tensor for anisotropic superconductors.

PMID- 9946105
TI  - Comparative study of secondary-electron emission from positron and electron
      bombardment of Ni, Si, and MgO.

PMID- 9946106
TI  - Conversion-electron Mossbauer spectroscopy studies in amorphous Tb-Fe films.

PMID- 9946108
TI  - Quasiparticles in the copper-oxygen planes of high-Tc superconductors: An exact
      solution for a ferromagnetic background.

PMID- 9946107
TI  - Gap anisotropy and phonon self-energy effects in single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9946109
TI  - Specific-heat measurements on superconducting Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu and Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu oxides:
      Absence of a linear term in the specific heat of Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu oxides.

PMID- 9946110
TI  - Orientation of the O 2p holes in Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8.

PMID- 9946111
TI  - Elastic response of polycrystalline and single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9946112
TI  - Crystal structure of a new high-Tc TlBa2Ca3Cu4O11 superconductor by high
      resolution electron microscopy.

PMID- 9946113
TI  - Raman scattering spectra of superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals.

PMID- 9946114
TI  - Reversible magnetization of high-Tc materials in intermediate fields.

PMID- 9946115
TI  - Systematic Raman study of Tl2Can-1Ba2 CunO4+2n (n=1,2,3) high-temperature
      superconductors.

PMID- 9946116
TI  - Photoemission from single crystals of EuBa2Cu3O7-x cleaved below 20 K:
      Temperature-dependent oxygen loss.

PMID- 9946117
TI  - Microwave transmission through films of YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9946118
TI  - Anisotropic microwave absorption of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O single crystals.

PMID- 9946119
TI  - Superconducting fluctuations in specific heat in a magnetic field: Dimensional
      crossover.

PMID- 9946120
TI  - Far-infrared optical properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8.

PMID- 9946122
TI  - Frequency-dependent ultrasonic attenuation of YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9946121
TI  - Raman study of the phonon anomaly in single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7- delta in the
      presence of a magnetic field.

PMID- 9946123
TI  - Out-of-plane transport mechanism in the high-Tc oxide Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9946124
TI  - Construction of a well-defined free energy from the harmonic approximation for
      Josephson junctions.

PMID- 9946125
TI  - Metal-insulator transition in random superconducting networks.

PMID- 9946126
TI  - Charge-e bosons, neutral fermions, and h/2e flux-field theory models.

PMID- 9946127
TI  - Magnetic ordering in GdBa2Cu3O6.14.

PMID- 9946128
TI  - Wetting of the

PMID- 9946129
TI  - Ferromagnetism of ultrathin films.

PMID- 9946130
TI  - Critical exponents of percolating wire networks.

PMID- 9946132
TI  - Universality of the dipolar dynamic crossover of cubic ferromagnets above Tc.

PMID- 9946131
TI  - Stable Monte Carlo algorithm for fermion lattice systems at low temperatures.

PMID- 9946134
TI  - Nature of the glass transition.

PMID- 9946133
TI  - Landau theory of coherent interphase interfaces.

PMID- 9946135
TI  - Melting transition of the S1 phase of ethane adsorbed on graphite.

PMID- 9946136
TI  - Bond-charge Coulomb repulsion in Peierls-Hubbard models.

PMID- 9946137
TI  - Pairing interaction in the heavy-fermion lattice.

PMID- 9946138
TI  - Ordered Fe3Pt Invar: No evidence for the transition from the high-spin to the low
      spin state.

PMID- 9946139
TI  - Application of the method of effective potentials to a model for twinning in
      elastic materials.

PMID- 9946140
TI  - Temperature dependence of the high-energy magnetic excitations for Ni.

PMID- 9946141
TI  - Determination of diatomic crystal bond lengths using atomic s-orbital radii.

PMID- 9946142
TI  - Lattice dynamics of layered MPX

PMID- 9946143
TI  - Lattice dynamics of lithium intercalated FePS3 compounds.

PMID- 9946144
TI  - Evidence for a temperature-dependent tunneling parameter.

PMID- 9946145
TI  - Low-energy electron diffraction study of potassium adsorbed on Ni(111).

PMID- 9946146
TI  - First-principles study of L10 Ti-Al and V-Al alloys.

PMID- 9946147
TI  - Universal distributions and scaling in disordered systems.

PMID- 9946149
TI  - Theory of surface resonant phonons on the (110) surface of silver.

PMID- 9946148
TI  - Interaction between adsorbed chalcogen and Al atoms on Al(001).

PMID- 9946150
TI  - Size effects in the magnetoresistance of rolled potassium films.

PMID- 9946151
TI  - Electronic structure of a hydrogen impurity near a (001) Pd surface.

PMID- 9946152
TI  - Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of clean and Ag-covered Fe
      monolayers on W(110).

PMID- 9946154
TI  - Ground and excited states of the NaCl:Cu+ impurity system.

PMID- 9946153
TI  - Interface-state properties for strained-layer Ni adsorbed on Ru(0001).

PMID- 9946155
TI  - Damping of a crystal oscillator by an adsorbed monolayer and its relation to
      interfacial viscosity.

PMID- 9946157
TI  - Global mass dependence of the isotope effect in diffusion.

PMID- 9946156
TI  - Observation of near-surface damage by phonon scattering.

PMID- 9946158
TI  - Compton profile of polycrystalline tungsten.

PMID- 9946159
TI  - Electrical field effects near the metal-insulator transition.

PMID- 9946161
TI  - Spectroscopic results on the above and below EF electronic structure of TAl2,
      T=Au and Pt.

PMID- 9946160
TI  - Jellium work function for all electron densities.

PMID- 9946162
TI  - Electronic transmission coefficient for the single-impurity problem in the
      scattering-matrix approach.

PMID- 9946163
TI  - Synchrotron photoemission study of CO chemisorption on Cr(110).

PMID- 9946164
TI  - Unoccupied states on Pd(110) and the surface potential barrier.

PMID- 9946165
TI  - Interaction between tunneling impurities in metals.

PMID- 9946166
TI  - Diffuse low-energy electron diffraction study of disordered O/Ni(100).

PMID- 9946168
TI  - Anomalous field dependence of the Hall coefficient in disordered metals.

PMID- 9946167
TI  - Electrical resistance of nickel in the range 300-725 K and 0-2 GPa.

PMID- 9946169
TI  - Quantum size effects in transport properties of metallic films.

PMID- 9946171
TI  - Nonlinear effects in desorption of valine with fast incident molecular ions.

PMID- 9946170
TI  - High-pressure behavior of quasi-one-dimensional 2H-CsCdBr3.

PMID- 9946172
TI  - Lattice dynamics of Cu(110): High-resolution He-scattering study.

PMID- 9946173
TI  - Planar defects and surfaces in crystals undergoing structural phase transitions.

PMID- 9946174
TI  - Optical properties of AlxGa1-xAs alloys.

PMID- 9946175
TI  - Band structure of a semimagnetic semiconducting alloy: A photoemission study of
      Cd1-xMnxTe.

PMID- 9946176
TI  - Anisotropic magnetotransport in weakly coupled GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs multiple quantum
      wells.

PMID- 9946177
TI  - Phonon-polariton modes in superlattices: The effect of spatial dispersion.

PMID- 9946178
TI  - Oscillator strengths of shallow impurity spectra in germanium and silicon.

PMID- 9946179
TI  - Stress dependence of dislocation glide activation energy in single-crystal
      silicon-germanium alloys up to 2.6 GPa.

PMID- 9946180
TI  - Structure and bonding in photodiffused amorphous Ag-GeSe2 thin films.

PMID- 9946181
TI  - Capacitance measurements of magnetic localization and magnetic freezeout in n-
      type GaAs.

PMID- 9946182
TI  - Microscopic calculation of electric field effects in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs tunnel
      structures.

PMID- 9946184
TI  - Magnetoplasmons in thin films in the perpendicular configuration.

PMID- 9946183
TI  - Streaking images that appear only in the plane of diffraction in undoped GaAs
      single crystals: Diffraction imaging (topography) by monochromatic synchrotron
      radiation.

PMID- 9946185
TI  - Model for minority-carrier band-gap states in semiconductors.

PMID- 9946186
TI  - Optical investigation of confinement and strain effects in CdTe/Cd1-xZnxTe single
      quantum wells.

PMID- 9946187
TI  - Metastable effects in the dc conductivity of undoped glow discharge and sputtered
      hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9946189
TI  - Effect of biaxial strain on exciton luminescence of heteroepitaxial ZnSe layers.

PMID- 9946188
TI  - Dependence of Hg1-xCdxTe-CdTe superlattice band structure on well and barrier
      thickness, strain, valence-band offset, and well composition.

PMID- 9946190
TI  - Long-wavelength phonons in TlSbS2: Raman-active modes.

PMID- 9946191
TI  - Reversible photoinduced change of ac conduction in amorphous As2S3 films.

PMID- 9946192
TI  - Optical-absorption profile of a single modulation-doped AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs
      heterojunction.

PMID- 9946193
TI  - Complete tight-binding description of the empirical-local-pseudopotential
      Hamiltonian in zinc-blende semiconductors.

PMID- 9946194
TI  - Effective-mass approximation in semiconductor heterostructures: One-dimensional
      analysis.

PMID- 9946195
TI  - Interaction of F and Cl with silicon surfaces.

PMID- 9946196
TI  - Picosecond response of photoexcited GaAs in a uniform electric field by Monte
      Carlo dynamics.

PMID- 9946197
TI  - Optical detection of microwave-induced impact ionization of bound excitons in
      silicon.

PMID- 9946199
TI  - Polaritons in an n-i-p-i semiconductor superlattice: Bulk and surface modes.

PMID- 9946198
TI  - Energetic study of polarons and bipolarons in polythiophene: Importance of
      Coulomb effects.

PMID- 9946200
TI  - Hydrostatic-pressure dependencies of deep impurity levels in zinc-blende
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9946201
TI  - Investigation of the electronic structures and associated properties including
      hyperfine interactions for halogen-adsorbed silicon surfaces: Fluorine through
      iodine.

PMID- 9946202
TI  - Hot-electron transport through thin dielectric films: Boltzmann theory and
      electron spectroscopy.

PMID- 9946203
TI  - Conduction-band structure of graphite single crystals studied by angle-resolved
      inverse photoemission and target-current spectroscopy.

PMID- 9946204
TI  - Generalized dynamic-disorder transport rule with application to the study of
      temporal correlation effects.

PMID- 9946205
TI  - Quasielastic light scattering in the one-dimensional superionic conductor
      hollandites.

PMID- 9946207
TI  - Magnetic-susceptibility studies of graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9946206
TI  - Resonant scattering and thermal transport in orientational glasses.

PMID- 9946208
TI  - Electronic charge transfer in stage-2 fluorine-intercalated graphite compounds.

PMID- 9946210
TI  - Fluctuations of ultrasonic attenuation in mesoscopic systems: A test for isolated
      geometries.

PMID- 9946209
TI  - Phase transitions in LiKSO4 below room temperature.

PMID- 9946211
TI  - Calculation of the thermal expansion of metals using the embedded-atom method.

PMID- 9946212
TI  - Comparison of calculations of dynamical screening at jellium surfaces.

PMID- 9946213
TI  - Ferromagnetic spin waves in quasiperiodic superlattices.

PMID- 9946215
TI  - Elastic properties of Si during amorphization.

PMID- 9946214
TI  - Anisotropies of Compton profiles in nickel.

PMID- 9946216
TI  - Effects of interlevel coupling on optically detected magnetic resonance spectra
      for complex defects in semiconductors.

PMID- 9946218
TI  - Microscopic structure of boron-hydrogen complexes in crystalline silicon.

PMID- 9946217
TI  - Interaction between two hole gases in a modulation-doped quantum well.

PMID- 9946219
TI  - Kink mechanism for formation of the Si(111)-(2 x 1) reconstructed surface.

PMID- 9946220
TI  - Ground-state and electronic properties of covalent solids.

PMID- 9946222
TI  - Effects of topological distortion on the properties of silicon.

PMID- 9946221
TI  - Quantum-mechanical effects in nonlinear magnetotransport.

PMID- 9946223
TI  - Possibility of heterostructure band offsets as bulk properties: Transitivity rule
      and orientation effects.

PMID- 9946225
TI  - Erratum: Atomic structure and ordering in semiconductor alloys

PMID- 9946224
TI  - Pressure-tuning resonance between the vibron and the libron in CH2BrI molecular
      solid.

PMID- 9946226
TI  - Examination of the Cu/Si(111) 5 x 5 structure by scanning tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9946228
TI  - Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of the pyridine-KCl-water-copper system:
      Temperature dependence.

PMID- 9946227
TI  - Sulfur-induced occupation of Delta -bar Fe minority surface states in c(2 x 2)
      S/Fe(001).

PMID- 9946229
TI  - Resonant inverse photoemission involving transition-metal 3p-3d subshell
      interactions.

PMID- 9946230
TI  - Reaction of thin Pd films with Al(111) and Al(110) surfaces.

PMID- 9946231
TI  - Time-resolved photoluminescence study of excitonic relaxation in one-dimensional
      systems.

PMID- 9946232
TI  - Doubly resonant Raman scattering induced by an electric field.

PMID- 9946233
TI  - Negative resistance fluctuations at resistance minima in narrow quantum Hall
      conductors.

PMID- 9946234
TI  - delta doping in strained (Si)/(Ge) superlattices.

PMID- 9946235
TI  - Far-infrared response of one-dimensional electronic systems in single- and two
      layered quantum wires.

PMID- 9946236
TI  - New classical potential for accurate simulation of atomic processes in Si.

PMID- 9946238
TI  - Two-subband transport: A conundrum in scattering.

PMID- 9946237
TI  - Reversible and remanent charge-density-wave polarization at low temperatures.

PMID- 9946239
TI  - Gain measurements and band-gap renormalization in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs multiple
      quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9946241
TI  - Composition pinning in epitaxial alloys.

PMID- 9946240
TI  - Formation energies, abundances, and the electronic structure of native defects in
      cubic SiC.

PMID- 9946242
TI  - Incoherent tunneling of electrons from three to two dimensions: Observation of
      conductance oscillations in a metal-insulator-semiconductor structure.

PMID- 9946243
TI  - Commutativity of the GaAs/AlAs(100) band offset.

PMID- 9946244
TI  - Screening properties of surface states at Si(111)2 x 1.

PMID- 9946246
TI  - Electronic and structural properties of LiBeH3.

PMID- 9946245
TI  - Two types of oxygen-deficient centers in synthetic silica glass.

PMID- 9946247
TI  - Atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy images of dislocations.

PMID- 9946248
TI  - Modified Broyden's method for accelerating convergence in self-consistent
      calculations.

PMID- 9946249
TI  - Optical behavior of a nonlinear thin film with oblique S-polarized incident wave.

PMID- 9946251
TI  - Local-density description of antiferromagnetic Cr.

PMID- 9946250
TI  - Surface properties of a heavy-fermion system: An exact many-body solution to a
      periodic-cluster Hubbard model.

PMID- 9946252
TI  - X-ray study of the structure of K1-xRbxC8.

PMID- 9946253
TI  - Determination of the off-center parameters in NaBr:Cu+ by pressure effects of the
      absorption bands.

PMID- 9946254
TI  - Electronic structure of the pseudobinary U(Rh1-yPdy

PMID- 9946255
TI  - Optical properties of metallic silicon.

PMID- 9946256
TI  - Freely-migrating-defect production during irradiation at elevated temperatures.

PMID- 9946257
TI  - Structural and magnetic properties of ultrathin Ni/Fe bilayers grown epitaxially
      on Ag(001).

PMID- 9946258
TI  - Surface-phonon calculations for the Al(110) surface.

PMID- 9946259
TI  - Strictly localized eigenstates on a three-dimensional Penrose lattice.

PMID- 9946261
TI  - Computer simulations of a distorted reciprocal lattice of an Al-Li-Cu single
      quasicrystal.

PMID- 9946260
TI  - Structural phase transition at 205 K in stoichiometric vanadium nitride.

PMID- 9946262
TI  - Electronic and superconducting properties of Mo-Ta superlattices.

PMID- 9946264
TI  - Screening effects on the quadrupole splitting in amorphous Fe-Zr alloys.

PMID- 9946263
TI  - Infinite screening and cluster calculations of ionization potentials.

PMID- 9946265
TI  - Stability of multiply positively charged homonuclear clusters.

PMID- 9946266
TI  - Rapid convergence of lattice sums and structural integrals in ordered and
      disordered systems.

PMID- 9946267
TI  - Prism-coupled light emission from tunnel junctions containing interface
      roughness: Theory.

PMID- 9946269
TI  - Model dielectric constants of Si and Ge.

PMID- 9946268
TI  - Prism-coupled light emission from tunnel junctions containing interface
      roughness: Experiment.

PMID- 9946270
TI  - Band structure of quantum wells under crossed electric and magnetic fields.

PMID- 9946272
TI  - Quantum-confined Stark effects on a GaAs cluster embedded in AlxGa

PMID- 9946271
TI  - Generalized master equations and other theories of the phonon-assisted hopping
      conduction.

PMID- 9946273
TI  - Structural and electronic properties of bulk ZnSe.

PMID- 9946275
TI  - Switching and charge-density-wave transport in NbSe3. II. ac characteristics.

PMID- 9946274
TI  - Switching and charge-density-wave transport in NbSe3. I. dc characteristics.

PMID- 9946277
TI  - Phase slips and switching in charge-density-wave transport.

PMID- 9946276
TI  - Switching and charge-density-wave transport in NbSe3. III. Dynamical
      instabilities.

PMID- 9946279
TI  - Theoretical investigation of collective excitations in HgTe/CdTe superlattices.
      II. Intersubband excitation and effects of magnetic field and electron-phonon
      coupling.

PMID- 9946280
TI  - Aluminum in complex luminescence defects in irradiated silicon.

PMID- 9946278
TI  - Theoretical investigation of collective excitations in HgTe/CdTe superlattices.
      I. Intrasubband excitation.

PMID- 9946282
TI  - Quantum transport in neutron-irradiated modulation-doped heterojunctions. II.
      Thermal neutrons.

PMID- 9946283
TI  - Superlattice k

PMID- 9946281
TI  - Quantum transport in neutron-irradiated modulation-doped heterojunctions. I. Fast
      neutrons.

PMID- 9946285
TI  - Ellipsometric study of optical transitions in Ag1-xInx alloys.

PMID- 9946284
TI  - Extended x-ray-absorption and electron-energy-loss fine-structure studies of the
      local atomic structure of amorphous unhydrogenated and hydrogenated silicon
      carbide.

PMID- 9946286
TI  - General comparison of the surface processes involved in nitridation of Si(100)-2
      x 1 by NH3 and in SiNx film deposition: a photoemission study.

PMID- 9946287
TI  - Spatial and energetic distribution of Si-SiO2 near-interface states.

PMID- 9946288
TI  - Carrier-concentation-dependent electron-LO-phonon coupling observed in GaAs
      (Ga,Al)As heterojunctions by resonant-polaron cyclotron resonance.

PMID- 9946289
TI  - Piezo- and photomodulated reflectivity spectra of ZnSe/GaAs and CdTe/InSb
      epilayers.

PMID- 9946290
TI  - Noise spectroscopy of silicon grain boundaries.

PMID- 9946291
TI  - Disordering of the (111) surface of germanium crystal near its bulk melting
      temperature.

PMID- 9946292
TI  - Analysis of molecular-dynamics simulations of the (111) surface of germanium
      crystal near its bulk melting temperature.

PMID- 9946293
TI  - Interband Faraday effect in Cd1-xMnxSe.

PMID- 9946294
TI  - Stability of the (InAs)1/(GaAs)1 monolayer superlattice.

PMID- 9946295
TI  - Critical study of multivalley effective-mass equation for donors in silicon.

PMID- 9946296
TI  - Temperature dependence of photoluminescence in hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9946297
TI  - Pressure-induced Gamma -X transition in (Ga,In)P.

PMID- 9946298
TI  - X-ray diffraction study of the Ge(111)5 x 5-Sn and Ge(111)7 x 7-Sn surfaces.

PMID- 9946300
TI  - Optically detected magnetic resonance study of antisite-to-acceptor and related
      recombination processes in as-grown InP:Zn.

PMID- 9946299
TI  - Optical investigations on indirect-band-gap AlxGa1-xAs/AlyGa1-yAs superlattices.

PMID- 9946301
TI  - Electronic properties of the (100) (Si)/(Ge) strained-layer superlattices.

PMID- 9946303
TI  - Ab initio calculation of the mixing enthalpy of the GaAs-AlAs random alloy.

PMID- 9946302
TI  - Bistability of magnetic polarons bound to acceptors in a wurtzite semimagnetic
      semiconductor.

PMID- 9946305
TI  - Excitons near interfaces of polar-nonpolar crystals with strong interactions
      between the excitons and optical phonons.

PMID- 9946304
TI  - Band structure of carbonated amorphous silicon studied by optical, photoelectron,
      and x-ray spectroscopy.

PMID- 9946306
TI  - Local valence-band densities of states of AlxGa1-xAs.

PMID- 9946307
TI  - Auger-electron emission induced by Ar+ impact on silicides.

PMID- 9946308
TI  - Sulfur pair in silicon: 33S electron-nuclear double resonance.

PMID- 9946309
TI  - Influence of contacts on the magnetotransport in a two-dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9946310
TI  - Formalism of the Kronig-Penney model for superlattices of variable basis.

PMID- 9946311
TI  - Exciton spectra in GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wells in an externally applied
      electric field.

PMID- 9946313
TI  - Investigation of location, electronic structures, and associated properties of
      chalcogen atoms adsorbed on silicon surfaces: Sulfur and selenium.

PMID- 9946312
TI  - Energy relaxation of lower-dimensional hot carriers studied with picosecond
      photoluminescence.

PMID- 9946314
TI  - Anharmonic mixing between two phonons in red mercury iodide.

PMID- 9946316
TI  - Comparison between optically excited and electron-excited transitions above
      oxygen and nitrogen K edges in Cu2O, O/Al, O/Ni, SiO2, and Si3N

PMID- 9946317
TI  - Density-functional theory in insulators: Analytical model for Sigma xc, vxc, and
      the gap correction.

PMID- 9946315
TI  - Unoccupied electronic states of single-crystal graphite by angle-resolved
      ultraviolet inverse photoemission.

PMID- 9946319
TI  - Dielectric continuum model and Frohlich interaction in superlattices.

PMID- 9946318
TI  - Symmetric transmission electron momentum (e,2e) spectroscopy of an aluminum
      aluminum oxide thin foil.

PMID- 9946320
TI  - Polarons near the C

PMID- 9946321
TI  - Specific heat of poly(dG)-poly(dC) below 5 K.

PMID- 9946322
TI  - Early stages of the alkali-metal-promoted oxidation of silicon.

PMID- 9946324
TI  - Electronic stationary states in the presence of uniform electric and magnetic
      fields and a periodic potential.

PMID- 9946323
TI  - Effect of electrostatic screening on energy positions of electron spectra near
      SiO2/Si interfaces.

PMID- 9946326
TI  - Pressure studies of ZrO2-Al2O3 films grown by magnetron sputtering.

PMID- 9946325
TI  - Atomiclike behavior of the Mo 4d photoionization cross section in Mo islands
      grown on Al.

PMID- 9946327
TI  - Interface dipoles, surface work functions, and Schottky-barrier formation at
      Au/ZnSe(100) interfaces.

PMID- 9946329
TI  - Parallel channel to the Boltzmann band conduction: Scattering by charged screened
      impurities in semiconductors.

PMID- 9946328
TI  - Band structure of silicon from the semiempirical modified neglect of diatomic
      differential overlap method.

PMID- 9946330
TI  - Electron mobility in In0.53Ga0.47As quantum wells.

PMID- 9946332
TI  - Anomalous electrical resistivity and photovoltaic phenomenon in the fast-mixed
      conductor lithium silicide Li12Si

PMID- 9946331
TI  - Steady-state and transient photoconductivity in amorphous thin films of GexSe100
      x.

PMID- 9946333
TI  - Coupling of electron gases in wide quantum wells.

PMID- 9946335
TI  - Epitaxial growth of metastable semiconductor alloys: A novel simulation.

PMID- 9946334
TI  - Optical nonlinearities in multiple quantum wells: New insight on band-gap
      renormalization.

PMID- 9946337
TI  - High-temperature light-induced effects in hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9946338
TI  - Surface electronic bands of GaAs(110) determined by angle-resolved inverse
      photoemission.

PMID- 9946336
TI  - Self-consistent band-edge deformation potentials in a tight-binding framework.

PMID- 9946339
TI  - Spectral behavior of the three-photon absorption coefficient in ionic crystals.

PMID- 9946340
TI  - Anomalous temperature dependence in the Raman spectra of l-alanine: Evidence for
      dynamic localization.

PMID- 9946341
TI  - Xe bubbles in Si observed by extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9946343
TI  - Sequential screening layers in a photoexcited In1-xGaxAs/InP superlattice.

PMID- 9946342
TI  - Multiphonon capture in the case of undistorted defects.

PMID- 9946344
TI  - Biexciton formation in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs multiple quantum wells: An optical
      investigation.

PMID- 9946346
TI  - Anisotropy effects on excitonic properties in realistic quantum wells.

PMID- 9946345
TI  - Calculation of the diamagnetic shift in resonant-tunneling double-barrier
      GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures.

PMID- 9946348
TI  - Energy levels and symmetries of palladium centers in silicon.

PMID- 9946347
TI  - Symmetry properties and band structure of surface states on the single-domain,
      hydrogen-chemisorbed Si(100)2 x 1:H surface.

PMID- 9946349
TI  - Intercalant depth profile in acceptor-type metal chloride graphite intercalation
      compounds.

PMID- 9946351
TI  - Line shape of an atom-crystal bond.

PMID- 9946350
TI  - Bonding of alpha -SiC basal planes to close-packed Ti, Cu, and Pt surfaces:
      Molecular-orbital theory.

PMID- 9946352
TI  - Retardation and many-body effects in multilayer-film adsorption.

PMID- 9946353
TI  - Semiclassical description of a two-dimensional electron in a strong magnetic
      field and an external potential.

PMID- 9946355
TI  - Relativistic calculations of 2p and 3d excitation energies in the actinide
      metals.

PMID- 9946354
TI  - Glancing-angle extended x-ray-absorption fine structure and reflectivity studies
      of interfacial regions.

PMID- 9946356
TI  - Theoretical calculations of core-core-valence Auger spectra: Applications to the
      L3M2,3V transitions of Ti in nonstoichiometric Ti-C, Ti-N, and Ti-O.

PMID- 9946357
TI  - Resonant-photoemission study of the mechanism for room-temperature-alloyed
      interface formation of Au and Ag on Si(111)-(2 x 1).

PMID- 9946359
TI  - Quantum-mechanical cluster-lattice interaction in crystal simulation: Hartree
      Fock method.

PMID- 9946358
TI  - Charge-state distribution of MeV He ions specularly reflected from a SnTe(001)
      surface.

PMID- 9946360
TI  - Quantum-mechanical cluster-lattice interaction in crystal simulation: Many-body
      effects.

PMID- 9946361
TI  - Thermal point-contact spectroscopy in UPt3.

PMID- 9946362
TI  - Temperature dependence of homogeneous spectral widths of the 2E-4A2 transition of
      Cr3+ in silver beta -alumina.

PMID- 9946363
TI  - Corrections to the effective-medium theory of embedding energies: Interstitial
      hydrogen in metals.

PMID- 9946364
TI  - Nucleation and growth of helium bubbles in aluminum between 20 and 900 K.

PMID- 9946365
TI  - Strong-coupling theory for the driving force in thermomigration.

PMID- 9946367
TI  - Hydrogen-induced phase separation in amorphous Cu0.5Ti0.5 alloys. II. Thermal
      evolution.

PMID- 9946366
TI  - Hydrogen-induced phase separation in amorphous Cu0.5Ti

PMID- 9946368
TI  - Jellium-model calculation for dimer decays of potassium clusters.

PMID- 9946370
TI  - Mechanical twinning in crystals.

PMID- 9946369
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission from Cr(110): Observation of a bulk magnetic phase
      transition.

PMID- 9946371
TI  - Vacuum-ultraviolet spectra and band structure of BaPb1-xBix

PMID- 9946372
TI  - Theory of charge-density-wave dynamics.

PMID- 9946373
TI  - Invariant-embedding R-matrix scheme for reflection high-energy electron
      diffraction.

PMID- 9946374
TI  - Spin dynamics of Cd1-xMnxTe studied by muon spin relaxation and rotation.

PMID- 9946376
TI  - Optical properties of excitons in semi-infinite semiconductors.

PMID- 9946375
TI  - Investigation of the (Cu-Li)-related 2.172-eV bound exciton in GaP with optically
      detected magnetic resonance.

PMID- 9946377
TI  - Alloy broadening of the deep electronic levels associated with the As vacancy in
      AlxGa

PMID- 9946378
TI  - Reflectance spectroscopy on GaAs-Ga0.5Al0.5As single quantum wells under in-plane
      uniaxial stress at liquid-helium temperature.

PMID- 9946379
TI  - Transient resonant light scattering in a strongly coupled localized-electron
      phonon system.

PMID- 9946380
TI  - Rapid radiative decay and enhanced optical nonlinearity of excitons in a quantum
      well.

PMID- 9946381
TI  - Determination of the inversion-layer thickness from capacitance measurements of
      metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with ultrathin oxide layers.

PMID- 9946382
TI  - Exciton-exciton interaction and optical nonlinearity in biased semiconductor
      quantum wells.

PMID- 9946384
TI  - Sensitivity of the absorption edge to applied electric fields in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs
      superlattices.

PMID- 9946383
TI  - Excitonic absorption in modulation-doped GaAs/AlxGa

PMID- 9946386
TI  - Remarkable effects of uniaxial stress on the far-infrared laser emission in p
      type Ge.

PMID- 9946385
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the effect of disorder-induced mode coupling on infrared
      absorption in silica.

PMID- 9946387
TI  - Effect of first-order phonon-assisted scattering on near-infrared free-carrier
      optical absorption in silicon.

PMID- 9946388
TI  - Valence-band structure and final states in photoemission from (112-bar0) surfaces
      of CdS and CdSe.

PMID- 9946389
TI  - n dependence of the valence-band offset in (GaAs)n(AlAs)n: Role of charge
      redistribution, interface dipoles, and cation 3d states.

PMID- 9946390
TI  - Magnetic polarons and electronic structure in semimagnetic superlattices:
      Application to CdTe/Cd1-xMnx

PMID- 9946391
TI  - Elastic constants of Zn1-xMnxSe: Tetrahedral bond weakening due to Mn 3d(t2)-Se
      4p hybridization.

PMID- 9946392
TI  - Thin superlattices and band-gap discontinuities: The (110) diamond-boron nitride
      interface.

PMID- 9946393
TI  - Observation of decoupled heavy and light holes in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wells
      by magnetoreflectivity.

PMID- 9946394
TI  - Energetics of acceptor-bound magnetic polarons in diluted magnetic
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9946395
TI  - Density of states between Landau levels in a two-dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9946396
TI  - Long-range atomic order in GaxIn1-xAsyP1-y epitaxial layers

PMID- 9946397
TI  - X-ray photoemission from small mercury clusters on II-VI semiconductor surfaces.

PMID- 9946398
TI  - Interaction of magnetoplasmons with optical phonons in polar semiconductors.

PMID- 9946399
TI  - Transient-photomodulation-spectroscopy studies of carrier thermalization and
      recombination in a-Si:H.

PMID- 9946400
TI  - Calculated electronic properties of tetragonal crystalline Si-Ge alloys:
      Comparison to amorphous phases.

PMID- 9946401
TI  - Monte Carlo studies of liquid semiconductor surfaces: Si and Ge.

PMID- 9946402
TI  - Full-potential linear-muffin-tin-orbital calculation of phonon frequencies in
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9946403
TI  - Electronic structure of the substitutional nitrogen NN1 pair in GaP from
      photoluminescence excitation and Zeeman spectroscopy.

PMID- 9946404
TI  - Nonequilibrium transport of an electron-phonon-hole system in a semiconductor
      quantum well.

PMID- 9946405
TI  - Optical characterization and band offsets in ZnSe-ZnSxSe

PMID- 9946406
TI  - Acoustic-phonon propagation in superlattices.

PMID- 9946407
TI  - Scattering-model calculation of the impurity-induced dephasing relaxation rates
      of the Raman-active J=2 rotons in solid parahydrogen.

PMID- 9946408
TI  - Raman study of the pressure-induced neutral-to-ionic transition in
      tetrathiafulvalene chloranil.

PMID- 9946410
TI  - Two-photon excitations of Ag- centers in RbBr.

PMID- 9946409
TI  - Fractal surface and cluster structure of controlled-pore glasses and Vycor porous
      glass as revealed by small-angle x-ray and neutron scattering.

PMID- 9946412
TI  - Energy surfaces and electronic properties of hydrogen fluoride.

PMID- 9946411
TI  - Temperature dependence of laser-induced bulk damage in SiO2 and borosilicate
      glass.

PMID- 9946413
TI  - Wannier excitons in semiconductor quantum wells with small valence-band offsets:
      A generalized variational approach.

PMID- 9946414
TI  - Ce 4f orbital coupling to transition-metal band structure: An ion-implantation
      study.

PMID- 9946415
TI  - Surface electronic structure of CoSi2(111).

PMID- 9946416
TI  - Threshold dependence in the electronic sputtering of condensed sulfur.

PMID- 9946418
TI  - Magic numbers for vacancy aggregation in crystalline Si.

PMID- 9946417
TI  - Observation of the surface vibrational resonances on Pd(110).

PMID- 9946419
TI  - Observation of the 2s state excitons in (111)-oriented GaAs/AlxGa

PMID- 9946421
TI  - Passivation of recombination centers on the WSe2 surface.

PMID- 9946420
TI  - High-field balance equations for electronic transport in weakly nonuniform
      systems.

PMID- 9946422
TI  - Elastic constants and phonon frequencies of Si calculated by a fast full
      potential linear-muffin-tin-orbital method.

PMID- 9946423
TI  - Pseudofunction theory of the electronic structure of InN.

PMID- 9946424
TI  - High-pressure neutron-scattering studies of graphite and stage-two graphite
      SbCl5.

PMID- 9946425
TI  - Correlation of the individual vacancy-formation parameters in NaCl.

PMID- 9946426
TI  - Dynamic light scattering at the nonequilibrium crystal-melt interface in biphenyl
      and naphthalene.

PMID- 9946427
TI  - Possible observation of transmission resonances in GaAs-AlxGa

PMID- 9946428
TI  - Fractional quantization in ultranarrow electron channels.

PMID- 9946430
TI  - Photoemission extended x-ray-absorption fine structure from clean and Al-covered
      InP(110) surfaces.

PMID- 9946431
TI  - First-overtone response in modulated photoluminescence emission in silicon at
      room temperature.

PMID- 9946429
TI  - Spectroscopic ellipsometry of sputtered amorphous Ni0.95Tb

PMID- 9946433
TI  - Pinning of charge-density waves to charged defects and an incomplete
      incommensurate-to-commensurate transition in the blue bronzes A0.3MoO3, A=Rb,K.

PMID- 9946432
TI  - Nonlinear optical properties of linear chains and electron-correlation effects.

PMID- 9946434
TI  - Hydrogen immobilization in silicon p-n junctions.

PMID- 9946435
TI  - Structure determination of the Ge(111)-c(2 x 8) surface by medium-energy ion
      scattering.

PMID- 9946436
TI  - Motional effects between on-center and off-center substitutional nitrogen in
      silicon.

PMID- 9946438
TI  - Localized and extended states in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs superlattices probed by resonant
      optical excitation.

PMID- 9946439
TI  - dc conductivity and the Meyer-Neldel rule in a-Si:H.

PMID- 9946437
TI  - Negative magnetoresistance in uniaxially stressed Si(100) inversion layers.

PMID- 9946441
TI  - Magnetism in bcc 3d transition metals: Onset and approach to the Hund's-rule
      limit.

PMID- 9946440
TI  - Higher-harmonic bond-orientational correlations in a model planar hexatic glass.

PMID- 9946442
TI  - Strictly localized states on a two-dimensional Penrose lattice.

PMID- 9946444
TI  - Wavelength dependence of the 1s excitation spectrum of aluminum.

PMID- 9946443
TI  - Imaging of 5f densities of states in resonant photoemission measurements.

PMID- 9946445
TI  - Patterson Fourier analysis of the icosahedral (Al,Si)-Mn alloy.

PMID- 9946446
TI  - Six-dimensional Fourier analysis of the icosahedral Al73Mn

PMID- 9946448
TI  - Growth-induced phason strains in icosahedral quasicrystals of Al-Li-Cu.

PMID- 9946447
TI  - Time-dependent screening in the electron gas.

PMID- 9946449
TI  - Experimental determination of local-bonding configuration at the early stages of
      growth of the heterogeneous Pt/InP(110) interface by synchrotron-radiation
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9946450
TI  - Narrow electronic bands in high electric fields: Static properties.

PMID- 9946451
TI  - Determination of the crystal structure of icosahedral Al-Cu-Li.

PMID- 9946453
TI  - Theory of the bcc-to-9R structural phase transformation of Li.

PMID- 9946452
TI  - Multiple-scattering calculations in two dimensions.

PMID- 9946454
TI  - Dependence of the positron reemission probability on the positron work function
      of a metal surface.

PMID- 9946455
TI  - Three classes of one-dimensional, two-tile Penrose tilings and the Fibonacci
      Kronig-Penney model as a generic case.

PMID- 9946456
TI  - Quantum theory of transient transport in a high electric field.

PMID- 9946458
TI  - Effect of defect structures on chemically active surfaces: A continuum approach.

PMID- 9946457
TI  - Multilayer relaxation at surfaces of body-centered-cubic transition metals.

PMID- 9946459
TI  - Exact solution of a periodic-cluster Hubbard model with an electron-lattice
      interaction.

PMID- 9946460
TI  - Solid-state binding, recombination, and Auger energy shifts of rare-earth metals.

PMID- 9946462
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission studies of a surface state on a stepped Cu(332)
      surface.

PMID- 9946461
TI  - Observation of phonon anomalies in the intermediate-valence compound CePd3.

PMID- 9946464
TI  - Hole-subband mixing in quantum wells: A magnetooptic study.

PMID- 9946463
TI  - Chemisorption on binary alloys with long-range order.

PMID- 9946466
TI  - Relativistic band structure and spin-orbit splitting of zinc-blende-type
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9946465
TI  - Optical absorption from polarons and bipolarons in a tetrahedrally bonded
      homopolymer.

PMID- 9946467
TI  - Asymptotic localization of plasmons in a periodic array of stripes.

PMID- 9946469
TI  - Local-orbital basis for defect electronic structure calculations of an Al(100)
      film.

PMID- 9946468
TI  - Strained Si/Ge superlattices: Structural stability, growth, and electronic
      properties.

PMID- 9946470
TI  - Electron correlation and disorder in Hg1-xCdxTe in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9946471
TI  - Optical properties of crystalline semiconductors and dielectrics.

PMID- 9946472
TI  - Structure of a-GeSe2 from x-ray scattering measurements.

PMID- 9946473
TI  - Energy-band structure of CoSi2 epitaxially grown on Si(111).

PMID- 9946474
TI  - 119Sn Mossbauer study of shallow and deep states of Sn in Ga1-xAlxAs.

PMID- 9946475
TI  - Atomic distributions across metal-III-V-compound-semiconductor interfaces.

PMID- 9946477
TI  - Field theory for the one-dimensional optical polaron. II. Phonon-polaron
      scattering.

PMID- 9946476
TI  - Field theory for the one-dimensional optical polaron. I. Incorporation of the
      Goldstone mode and interaction with internal phonons.

PMID- 9946478
TI  - Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure study of hydrogenated amorphous silicon
      germanium alloys. I. Analysis based on spherical waves of photoelectrons.

PMID- 9946479
TI  - Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure study of hydrogenated amorphous silicon
      germanium alloys. II. Dependence of bond length and coordination on composition.

PMID- 9946480
TI  - Hot-carrier energy-loss rates in GaAs/AlxGa

PMID- 9946481
TI  - Deep-level-noise spectroscopy of ion-implanted polysilicon thin films.

PMID- 9946482
TI  - Nonlocal theory of thermal conductivity.

PMID- 9946484
TI  - Bound-exciton states of multiple-quantum-well structures in external fields.

PMID- 9946483
TI  - Structural and electronic properties of bulk GaAs, bulk AlAs, and the
      (GaAs)1(AlAs)1 superlattice.

PMID- 9946485
TI  - Temperature dependence of vicinal Si(111) surfaces.

PMID- 9946487
TI  - Special points for superlattices and strained bulk semiconductors.

PMID- 9946486
TI  - Theory of resonant tunneling in heterostructures.

PMID- 9946488
TI  - Time-resolved far-infrared magnetospectroscopy of hydrogenlike impurities in III
      V semiconductors.

PMID- 9946489
TI  - Successive phase transitions in the linear-chain semiconductor (NbSe4)3I studied
      by Raman scattering and electrical resistivity.

PMID- 9946490
TI  - Ballistic electron transmission through interfaces.

PMID- 9946491
TI  - Electronic structure of (InAs)m(GaAs)m (m=1-7) strained superlattices.

PMID- 9946492
TI  - Conductivity response of nonthermal hot carriers photoexcited by subpicosecond
      pulses in GaAs.

PMID- 9946494
TI  - Depletion regions and electronic surface states in doped semiconductor
      superlattices.

PMID- 9946493
TI  - Effect of sample doping level during etching of silicon by fluorine atoms.

PMID- 9946495
TI  - Three-dimensional numerical simulations for activated hopping conduction.

PMID- 9946497
TI  - Low-temperature specific heat of glasses: Temperature and time dependence.

PMID- 9946496
TI  - Oxygen vacancies and defect electronic states on the SnO2(110)-1 x 1 surface.

PMID- 9946499
TI  - Secondary-electron effects in photon-stimulated desorption.

PMID- 9946498
TI  - Corrections to the continuum approximation of the Frohlich polaron: The ground
      state energy.

PMID- 9946500
TI  - Interband transitions and core excitation in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
      studied by inelastic synchrotron x-ray scattering: Band-structure information.

PMID- 9946502
TI  - Characterization of a nitrogen center in high-purity SiO2:OH glass.

PMID- 9946501
TI  - Low-temperature behavior of krypton monolayers on graphite.

PMID- 9946503
TI  - Energetics and lattice relaxation of light impurities in aluminum.

PMID- 9946504
TI  - Vibration modes of adsorbed fractal arrangements of atoms.

PMID- 9946505
TI  - New procedure for evaluating a large number of continued-fraction parameters in
      periodic structures.

PMID- 9946507
TI  - Cooling of hot carriers in highly photoexcited semiconductors.

PMID- 9946506
TI  - Exact k-q solution for a Bloch electron in a constant electric field.

PMID- 9946508
TI  - Optical absorption of ZnGa2Se

PMID- 9946509
TI  - Effect of lattice vibrations on scanning-tunneling-microscope images of graphite.

PMID- 9946510
TI  - Electronic spectroscopy of zero-dimensional systems.

PMID- 9946512
TI  - Density of states and energy spectra of hydrogenic impurities in quantum-well
      wires.

PMID- 9946511
TI  - Local-density-pseudofunction theory of bulk Si.

PMID- 9946514
TI  - Erratum: Electron states in n-type inversion layers with periodic microstructure

PMID- 9946513
TI  - Long-wavelength optic vibrations in a superlattice.

PMID- 9946515
TI  - Evidence for solute segregation on Cu-Mn alloy surfaces studied by low-energy ion
      scattering.

PMID- 9946516
TI  - Role of adsorption site on electron-energy-loss cross sections of single-layer
      substrate modes.

PMID- 9946517
TI  - Doubly and triply resonant Raman scattering by LO phonons in GaAs/AlAs
      superlattices.

PMID- 9946518
TI  - Experimental studies of the nu =1/5 hierarchy in the fractional quantum Hall
      effect.

PMID- 9946519
TI  - Ultrahigh electron and hole mobilities in zero-gap Hg-based superlattices.

PMID- 9946520
TI  - Raman intensities for collective excitations of a layered electron gas.

PMID- 9946521
TI  - Anisotropy and infrared response of the GaAs-AlAs superlattice.

PMID- 9946522
TI  - Nonlinear electric transport and switching phenomenon in the mixed-stack charge
      transfer crystal tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil.

PMID- 9946523
TI  - Mechanisms of recoil ejection of Ni+ ions from a Ni(100) surface.

PMID- 9946524
TI  - Electron-impact ionization in crystals.

PMID- 9946525
TI  - Derivation of the resonance frequency from the free energy of ferromagnets.

PMID- 9946526
TI  - Broadening of a resonant absorption line in the presence of simultaneous ion-ion
      and ion-electron relaxations: A first application of the continuous moments
      method.

PMID- 9946527
TI  - Simulation of the polarizable-ion dynamics of Rb2ZnCl

PMID- 9946528
TI  - Quantum reflection in the presence of dissipation.

PMID- 9946529
TI  - Order and disorder in pure and doped KTaO3: A 181Ta NMR study.

PMID- 9946530
TI  - Amorphous phase formation in Mn-implanted Al films and single crystals.

PMID- 9946531
TI  - Theory of deep inelastic neutron scattering: Hard-core perturbation theory.

PMID- 9946532
TI  - X-ray and neutron scattering from rough surfaces.

PMID- 9946533
TI  - Thermal conductivity and ultrasonic attenuation in heavy-fermion superconductors.

PMID- 9946534
TI  - Upper critical fields of periodic and quasiperiodic Nb-Ta superlattices.

PMID- 9946535
TI  - Superconducting properties of VNx sputtered films including spin fluctuations and
      radiation damage of stoichiometric VN.

PMID- 9946537
TI  - Magnetic properties of anisotropic superconductors.

PMID- 9946536
TI  - Dimensional phase transition in superconductors with short coherence length.

PMID- 9946538
TI  - Effects of ion irradiation on the normal state and superconducting properties of
      NbN thin films.

PMID- 9946539
TI  - Superfluid 3He in very confined regular geometries.

PMID- 9946540
TI  - Thermal enhancement of macroscopic quantum tunneling: Derivation from noise
      theory.

PMID- 9946542
TI  - Upper critical fields of superconductor-ferromagnet multilayers.

PMID- 9946541
TI  - Electronic structure of LiBeH3.

PMID- 9946544
TI  - Three-dimensional vortex dynamics in superfluid 4He: Homogeneous superfluid
      turbulence.

PMID- 9946543
TI  - Surface tension of a Fermi liquid.

PMID- 9946545
TI  - Monte Carlo study of 4He in two dimensions.

PMID- 9946546
TI  - Structural implications of nuclear electric quadrupole splittings in high-Tc
      superconductors.

PMID- 9946547
TI  - Synthesis and characterization of YBa2(Cu1-xMx)3O7- delta (M=Co,Ni): Crystal
      symmetry, superconductivity, and the role of oxygen.

PMID- 9946548
TI  - Vortex lattice structure in uniaxial superconductors.

PMID- 9946549
TI  - X-ray photoelectron investigation of the valence-band electronic structure of
      superconducting Y-Ba-Cu oxide.

PMID- 9946550
TI  - Orthorhombic-to-tetragonal transition in R1+xBa2-xCu3O7+ delta (R=Nd, Sm, and
      Eu).

PMID- 9946552
TI  - Systematic Raman study of effects of rare-earth substitution on the lattice modes
      of high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9946551
TI  - Meissner effect and critical fields in an inhomogeneous Ba2HoCu3O7-x high-Tc
      superconductor.

PMID- 9946553
TI  - Coupled even-parity superconducting states.

PMID- 9946554
TI  - Normal-state transport parameters of epitaxial thin films of YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9946555
TI  - Antiferromagnetism in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9946556
TI  - Effect of Fe on the superconductivity of the Ba-Y-Cu oxide system.

PMID- 9946557
TI  - Phenomenology of high-Tc oxides: New kind of anisotropic superconductors.

PMID- 9946558
TI  - Coupled-spin-mobile-hole model for high-Tc superconducting oxides.

PMID- 9946559
TI  - Origin of the 110-K superconducting transition in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system.

PMID- 9946560
TI  - Assignment of prototype symmetry for the Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor and some
      predictions based on this assignment.

PMID- 9946561
TI  - Total dielectric function: Algebraic sign, electron-lattice response, and
      superconductivity.

PMID- 9946563
TI  - Diamagnetism of percolative granular superconductors and diluted Josephson
      arrays.

PMID- 9946562
TI  - Response functions and collective modes of 3He in strong magnetic fields:
      Determination of material parameters from experiments.

PMID- 9946564
TI  - Phase diagram of the lattice superconductor.

PMID- 9946565
TI  - Effect of intersite band hybridization and on-site correlation on the magnetism
      of localized-moment systems.

PMID- 9946566
TI  - Heisenberg and Potts spin glasses: A renormalization-group study.

PMID- 9946567
TI  - Irradiation-induced formation of metastable phases: A master-equation approach.

PMID- 9946568
TI  - Cluster simulation of the lattice Anderson model.

PMID- 9946569
TI  - Size effects in phase-transition kinetics.

PMID- 9946570
TI  - Incipient magnetic order in CeCu6.

PMID- 9946572
TI  - Partially ordered states in Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson models with cubic-type
      anisotropy.

PMID- 9946571
TI  - Ferromagnetism in the strongly correlated Hubbard model.

PMID- 9946574
TI  - Resonant band-electron-f-electron scattering theory for highly correlated
      actinide systems.

PMID- 9946573
TI  - Fractal pore space and rock permeability implications.

PMID- 9946575
TI  - Magnetic properties of amorphous mixed Ising spin systems in a transverse field.

PMID- 9946577
TI  - Equivalence of dynamics in ultrametric and hierarchical spaces.

PMID- 9946576
TI  - Scaling in the kinetics of the order-disorder transition in Ni3Mn.

PMID- 9946578
TI  - Reinvestigation of the reentrant spin-glass phase of Fe26Cr

PMID- 9946579
TI  - Glassy relaxation in the Fukuyama-Lee-Rice model of charge-density waves.

PMID- 9946580
TI  - Electron spin resonances in field-induced spin-density waves in Bechgaard salts.

PMID- 9946582
TI  - Dynamical scaling, domain-growth kinetics, and domain-wall shapes of quenched two
      dimensional anisotropic XY models.

PMID- 9946581
TI  - Crystal-field anisotropy in the magnetic susceptibility of single-crystal CfCl3.

PMID- 9946583
TI  - Power-law relaxation of spatially disordered stochastic cellular automata and
      directed percolation.

PMID- 9946584
TI  - Smooth Fourier interpolation of periodic functions.

PMID- 9946585
TI  - Interface kinetics of freezing and melting with a density change.

PMID- 9946586
TI  - Finite-size scaling of O(n) models in higher dimensions.

PMID- 9946587
TI  - Low-temperature dynamics of sine-Gordon solitons.

PMID- 9946589
TI  - Percolation renormalization-group approach to the q-state Potts model.

PMID- 9946588
TI  - Diffusion on a one-dimensional structure with hierarchical waiting-time
      distribution.

PMID- 9946590
TI  - Nature of paramagnetic centers in a-Si and a-Si:H.

PMID- 9946591
TI  - Ultrasonic attenuation due to Mn2+ spins in Zn1-xMnxSe and Cd1-xMnxTe at low
      temperatures.

PMID- 9946592
TI  - Irreducible-Green's-function theory of an anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnet.

PMID- 9946594
TI  - Frenkel-Kontorova model with anharmonic interactions.

PMID- 9946593
TI  - Classical statistical mechanics of the nonlinearly polarizable shell-model chain
      for ferroelectric materials.

PMID- 9946595
TI  - Scaling analysis of the collapse of branched polymers.

PMID- 9946596
TI  - Magnetic properties of Fe-Mn-Al alloys in the disordered phase.

PMID- 9946597
TI  - Optical interband transitions in semi- and superconducting La2-xSrx

PMID- 9946598
TI  - Anomalous temperature dependence of the electric field gradient at the Y site in
      In0.1Y0.9Ba2Cu3O9- delta : Evidence for soft vibrational modes.

PMID- 9946599
TI  - Conduction and Hall measurements of Ba2YCu3O6+ delta films at high temperatures:
      The role of oxygen.

PMID- 9946600
TI  - Copper nuclear quadrupole resonance in GdBa2Cu3O7: Determination of site
      assignment.

PMID- 9946601
TI  - Hyperfine interaction studies of antiferromagnetic order in CuO.

PMID- 9946602
TI  - Metallic to variable-range-hopping transition controlled by oxygen content in La
      Sr-Cu-O.

PMID- 9946603
TI  - Anisotropy of the lower critical field, magnetic penetration depth, and
      equilibrium shielding current in single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9946604
TI  - Kosterlitz-Thouless transition of fluxless solitons in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-
      delta single crystals.

PMID- 9946605
TI  - Electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility in BiCaSrCu2Oy.

PMID- 9946606
TI  - Charge-transfer strings in the extended Hubbard model for copper oxide
      superconductors.

PMID- 9946607
TI  - Thermogravimetric study of the La1Ba2Cu3O7- delta system: The correlation of Tc
      with oxygen content.

PMID- 9946609
TI  - Superconformal invariance in the tricritical O(N) model.

PMID- 9946608
TI  - Critical magnetic susceptibility of gadolinium.

PMID- 9946610
TI  - Erratum: Melting and freezing of Lennard-Jones clusters on a surface

PMID- 9946611
TI  - Positional disorder in superconducting wire networks and Josephson junction
      arrays.

PMID- 9946612
TI  - NMR study of the time evolution of the fractal geometry of cement gels.

PMID- 9946614
TI  - Ground-state properties of the free surface of liquid 4He.

PMID- 9946613
TI  - Proposed NMR determination of the exchange parameters in hexagonal-close-packed
      3He.

PMID- 9946615
TI  - Positron annihilation study of Y-Ba-Cu-O high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9946618
TI  - Thermal conductivity of YBa2Cu3O7- delta below 1 K: Evidence for normal-carrier
      transport well below Tc.

PMID- 9946616
TI  - Spin dynamics in the Cu(2)-O planes of tetragonal and orthorhombic YBa2Cu3O7-
      delta as probed by 89Y NMR.

PMID- 9946617
TI  - Observation of oxygen-vacancy-ordered domains in oxygen-deficient single-crystal
      YBa2Cu3O6.7.

PMID- 9946619
TI  - Observation of orthorhombic-tetragonal phase equilibria in YBa2Cu3-xFexO7- delta.

PMID- 9946620
TI  - Synthesis and superconducting critical temperature of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9946621
TI  - Anomalously large Tc depression by Zn substitution in Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9946622
TI  - Lattice dynamics of the high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu

PMID- 9946623
TI  - Electronic properties of Ba2Y1-xPrxCu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9946624
TI  - High-temperature Raman measurements of single-crystal YBa2Cu

PMID- 9946625
TI  - Strongly anisotropic electrical properties of single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9946627
TI  - SU(2) gauge invariance and order parameters in strongly coupled electronic
      systems.

PMID- 9946626
TI  - 1/f-noise-power measurements of copper oxide superconductors in the normal and
      superconducting states.

PMID- 9946628
TI  - X-ray spectroscopy of EuBa2(Cu1-yZny)3O7-x: Suppression of superconductivity.

PMID- 9946629
TI  - Upper critical magnetic fields of pure and thoriated UBe13.

PMID- 9946630
TI  - Occurrence of chaotic transients during transitions between quasiperiodic states
      in yttrium iron garnet.

PMID- 9946632
TI  - Ferromagnetic enhancement in the hexagonal Ce(Rh1-xIrx)3B2 system.

PMID- 9946631
TI  - New configurations of rare-earth superlattices.

PMID- 9946633
TI  - Multifractal analysis of eigenstates in systems with off-diagonal disorder.

PMID- 9946634
TI  - Growth and thermal stability of Ag or Au films on Nb(110).

PMID- 9946635
TI  - Physisorption interaction of H2 with noble-metal surfaces: A new H2-Cu potential.

PMID- 9946637
TI  - Influence of H-C bonds on the stopping power of hard and soft carbonized layers.

PMID- 9946636
TI  - Effective potentials in density-functional theory.

PMID- 9946638
TI  - Voltage fluctuations in multilead devices.

PMID- 9946639
TI  - Voltage fluctuations in mesoscopic metal rings and wires.

PMID- 9946640
TI  - Theory of electronic structure and magnetic behavior of fcc iron grown on
      Cu(001).

PMID- 9946642
TI  - Empty electronic states of graphite and the growth of Au and Pd clusters.

PMID- 9946641
TI  - Formation rate of muonic molecules in an alloy of deuterium and tritium.

PMID- 9946643
TI  - Spectrum of surface-mode contributions to the differential energy-loss
      probability for electrons passing by a spheroid.

PMID- 9946645
TI  - Electrically driven metal-insulator transition in layered transition-metal
      dichalcogenides.

PMID- 9946644
TI  - Diffusion path and Haven's ratio of mobile ions in alpha -Ag2Te.

PMID- 9946646
TI  - Discrete valence-electron states for Na overlayers on Cu(111).

PMID- 9946647
TI  - Shear horizontal acoustic surface shape resonances.

PMID- 9946648
TI  - Evolution of a molecular exciton on a Davydov lattice at T=0.

PMID- 9946649
TI  - Auger neutralization rates of multiply charged ions near metal surfaces.

PMID- 9946650
TI  - Internal strain and dynamic effective charges in CuCl and CuBr.

PMID- 9946652
TI  - Phase singularities and quantum dynamics.

PMID- 9946651
TI  - Coupling of H vibration to substrate electronic states in Mo(100)-p(1 x 1)H and
      W(100)-p(1 x 1)H: Example of strong breakdown of adiabaticity.

PMID- 9946653
TI  - Correlation effects in photoemission from adsorbates: Hydrogen on narrow-band
      metals.

PMID- 9946654
TI  - Electron-momentum distribution in zirconium.

PMID- 9946655
TI  - Potassium graphite under pressure: Optical reflectivity of superdense phases.

PMID- 9946657
TI  - Phonon calculations in superperiodic structures: The surface Green-function
      matching approach.

PMID- 9946656
TI  - Branching ratio in x-ray absorption spectroscopy.

PMID- 9946658
TI  - Interaction, electron transfer, and work function of a chemisorbed alkali-metal
      submonolayer on a W(001) surface.

PMID- 9946659
TI  - Isochronal annealing of proton- or alpha -particle-irradiated Cu3Au at low
      temperatures.

PMID- 9946660
TI  - Density-functional formulation of the generalized pseudopotential theory. III.
      Transition-metal interatomic potentials.

PMID- 9946661
TI  - Boundary scattering and weak localization of electrons in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9946662
TI  - Theoretical study of the influence of quantum size effects and tunnel-barrier
      structure on the tunneling current in metal-semiconductor-metal junctions.

PMID- 9946663
TI  - Theoretical study of tunneling phenomena in double-barrier quantum-well
      heterostructures.

PMID- 9946665
TI  - Anomalous values of interaction constants in the two-dimensional electron gas of
      a silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor measured by parallel-
      and perpendicular-field magnetoconductivity.

PMID- 9946664
TI  - Direct-energy-gap dependence on Al concentration in AlxGa

PMID- 9946666
TI  - Large- versus small-lattice-relaxation models of the DX centers in Ga1-xAlxAs.

PMID- 9946668
TI  - Larmor clock reexamined.

PMID- 9946667
TI  - Internal-stress effects on Raman spectra of InxGa

PMID- 9946669
TI  - Multielectron excitations in x-ray-absorption spectra of a-Si:H.

PMID- 9946671
TI  - Nonreciprocal propagation and localization of plasmons by a magnetic field in
      finite semiconductor n-i-p-i superlattices.

PMID- 9946670
TI  - Surface phonons in Si(111) + H(1 x 1).

PMID- 9946673
TI  - Study of compensation in insulating and metallic n-type CdSe using transport
      measurements.

PMID- 9946672
TI  - Proposed universal interatomic potential for elemental tetrahedrally bonded
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9946674
TI  - Energy and vibrational spectrum of the Si(111) (7 x 7) surface from empirical
      potentials.

PMID- 9946676
TI  - Energy levels of excitonic molecules.

PMID- 9946675
TI  - Effective Bloch equations for semiconductors.

PMID- 9946677
TI  - Influence of the resonant acceptor state on the magnetotransport properties of
      zero-band-gap Hg1-xMnxTe.

PMID- 9946678
TI  - Raman-scattering and electron-microscopy study of composition-dependent ordering
      in metastable (AIIIBV)1-x(CIII2)x alloys.

PMID- 9946679
TI  - Effects of electronic coupling on the band alignment of thin GaAs/AlAs quantum
      well structures.

PMID- 9946680
TI  - Photoreflectance study of narrow-well strained-layer InxGa1-xAs/GaAs coupled
      multiple-quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9946682
TI  - Ionized-impurity scattering due to clusters of correlated impurities.

PMID- 9946681
TI  - Magnetooptical investigations and four-wave-mixing spectroscopy of PbSe.

PMID- 9946683
TI  - Electrical and optical properties of defects in silicon introduced by high
      temperature electron irradiation.

PMID- 9946684
TI  - Thermal diffuse low-energy electron diffraction on the Si(111)2 x 1 structure.

PMID- 9946685
TI  - Inversion-asymmetry-induced magnetooptical transitions in HgTe/CdTe
      superlattices.

PMID- 9946687
TI  - Magnetic breakdown and the de Haas-van Alphen effect in Hg1-xFexSe.

PMID- 9946686
TI  - L-valley-derived states in (001) GaSb/AlSb quantum wells and superlattices.

PMID- 9946688
TI  - Many-body effects in praesodymium core-level spectroscopies of PrO2.

PMID- 9946690
TI  - Spin-phonon interaction in small particles of MgO:Ni2+

PMID- 9946689
TI  - Three-photon absorption spectra in KI and RbI.

PMID- 9946692
TI  - Weak-coupling magnetopolarons in a slab of a polar crystal.

PMID- 9946691
TI  - Band gap in NiO: A cluster study.

PMID- 9946693
TI  - Dispersion of the photoanisotropy induced in an FA(II) KCl:Li crystal.

PMID- 9946695
TI  - Theoretical model for the electrodiffusion of M+ (M=Li,Na,K) ions in a quartz
      crystal.

PMID- 9946694
TI  - Dynamical Jahn-Teller effect and fluorescence line narrowing of the 4A2-4T2 zero
      phonon transition in KZnF3:Cr.

PMID- 9946696
TI  - Investigation of intrinsic optical damage in potassium bromide at 532 nm.

PMID- 9946697
TI  - Optical dielectric function of high-stage potassium graphite intercalation
      compounds: Experiment and theory.

PMID- 9946698
TI  - Laser vaporization of solids into an inert gas: A measure of high-temperature
      cluster stability.

PMID- 9946699
TI  - Size-dependent change in the d bands of Cu particles.

PMID- 9946700
TI  - Electron mobility in quasi-one-dimensional conductors: A theoretical study.

PMID- 9946701
TI  - Numerical study of conductance fluctuations based on the Kubo formula.

PMID- 9946702
TI  - Radiative decay of excitons bound to chalcogen-related isoelectronic impurity
      complexes in silicon.

PMID- 9946703
TI  - Anomalous surface reconstruction: Observation of Si(111) 2 x 1 on sputtered and
      annealed Si(111) surfaces.

PMID- 9946704
TI  - Thin

PMID- 9946705
TI  - Correlation of scanning-tunneling-microscope image profiles and charge-density
      wave amplitudes.

PMID- 9946706
TI  - Magnetic-field dependence of PbTe-EuTe transistor characteristics.

PMID- 9946708
TI  - Vibronic coupling for substitutional iron impurities in ZnTe.

PMID- 9946707
TI  - Potential-well shape U(z)=U0||z/(Lz/2)||2/3 with the GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs system.

PMID- 9946709
TI  - Erratum: Electronic properties and superconductivity of rapidly quenched Al-Si
      alloys

PMID- 9946710
TI  - Photoemission yields of coldly deposited silver films.

PMID- 9946711
TI  - Electronic-structure method for general space-filling cell potentials.

PMID- 9946712
TI  - Configuration dependence of hopping matrix elements in the Anderson model.

PMID- 9946713
TI  - Long-range order and lattice mismatch in metallic superlattices.

PMID- 9946714
TI  - Possibility of LiBeH3 being metallic.

PMID- 9946715
TI  - Interaction phenomena between deep levels and minibands in semiconductor
      superlattices.

PMID- 9946716
TI  - Optical investigation of biexcitons and bound excitons in GaAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9946718
TI  - Breakdown of the virtual-crystal approximation in Ge2x(GaAs)1-x.

PMID- 9946717
TI  - Resonant photoluminescence studies of the growth-induced defects in GaAs grown by
      molecular beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9946719
TI  - Connection between the Meyer-Neldel relation and multiple-trapping transport.

PMID- 9946721
TI  - Low-temperature charge-density-wave dynamics.

PMID- 9946720
TI  - Symmetrically strained Si/Ge superlattices on Si substrates.

PMID- 9946722
TI  - Identification of a second energy level of EL2 in n-type GaAs.

PMID- 9946724
TI  - Theory of collective excitations in a two-dimensional array of quantum dots.

PMID- 9946723
TI  - Relevance of persistent photoconductivity in semi-insulating and n-type
      semiconducting GaAs to the charge state of metastable EL2 defects.

PMID- 9946726
TI  - Spin dynamics in the mixed-valence compound HgSe:Fe.

PMID- 9946725
TI  - Excitonic interaction in GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9946727
TI  - Quantized conductance of magnetoelectric subbands in ballistic point contacts.

PMID- 9946728
TI  - Optical multistability in a nonlinear Fibonacci multilayer.

PMID- 9946729
TI  - X-ray interference method for studying interface structures.

PMID- 9946731
TI  - 57Fe Mossbauer-effect study of preferential site occupancy in quasicrystalline
      Al86Cr

PMID- 9946730
TI  - Connection between spin-singlet and hierarchical wave functions in the fractional
      quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9946732
TI  - Chemical potential and carrier density in bismuth thin films under three
      dimensional quantizations.

PMID- 9946734
TI  - Bonding and magnetism in Fe-M (M=B,C,Si,N) alloys.

PMID- 9946733
TI  - Orientational order in dense random sphere packings.

PMID- 9946735
TI  - Electron-stimulated desorption of O+ ions from a gas-covered CdS(0001) surface.

PMID- 9946736
TI  - X-ray photoemission and Auger-electron spectroscopic study of the electronic
      structure of intercalation compounds MxTiS2 (M=Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni).

PMID- 9946737
TI  - Heats of solution and lattice-expansion and trapping energies of hydrogen in
      transition metals.

PMID- 9946738
TI  - Instability of quasicrystalline order in the local Kalugin-Kitaev-Levitov model.

PMID- 9946739
TI  - Extended appearance-potential fine-structure measurements of clean and oxidized
      iron surfaces.

PMID- 9946741
TI  - Electronic structure of KHgC4 and related materials.

PMID- 9946740
TI  - Local-field effects in Langmuir-Blodgett films of hemicyanine and behenic acid
      mixtures.

PMID- 9946742
TI  - Electronic structure of a modulation-doped spherical semiconductor
      heterostructure with mesoscopic dimensions.

PMID- 9946743
TI  - Electronic structure of small metal clusters: Thomas-Fermi statistical theory.

PMID- 9946744
TI  - Influence of electromagnetic field variations on the surface-effect mechanisms of
      photofield emission.

PMID- 9946746
TI  - High-energy-spectroscopy study of the Pd-Ce system.

PMID- 9946745
TI  - Short-range structure of Al-Mn and Al-Mn-Si aperiodic alloys.

PMID- 9946747
TI  - Linear ac response of a depinned charge-density wave.

PMID- 9946748
TI  - Thermopower and resistivity of amorphous metallic In-Sb near the metal-insulator
      transition.

PMID- 9946749
TI  - Structures and adsorption energies of commensurate rare-gas monolayers on
      MgO(100).

PMID- 9946750
TI  - Cluster coherent-potential approximation in ternary random alloys.

PMID- 9946751
TI  - Calculation of surface-polaron ground-state energy and effective potential.

PMID- 9946752
TI  - Total and surface density of states on the Bethe lattice.

PMID- 9946754
TI  - Simulated annealing with floating Gaussians: Hellmann-Feynman forces without
      corrections.

PMID- 9946753
TI  - Growth and characterization of epitaxial bismuth films.

PMID- 9946756
TI  - Single-impurity model for charge-density-wave dynamics.

PMID- 9946755
TI  - Electron-gas self-energy at metallic density.

PMID- 9946758
TI  - Photoemission spectra and band structures of simple metals.

PMID- 9946757
TI  - Self-consistent solution of the Kahana equation for a positron in an electron
      gas.

PMID- 9946759
TI  - Consistent treatment for a single electron in a thermal crystal with an applied
      electric field.

PMID- 9946760
TI  - c(2 x 2)S/Cr(001) surface and near-surface structure determined using angle
      resolved photoemission extended fine structure.

PMID- 9946761
TI  - Rate equations for dynamic processes at solid surfaces: Competition between
      charge transfer and thermalization of the adatom-metal-surface bond.

PMID- 9946762
TI  - Electronic structure of the light-impurity (boron)-vacancy complex in iron.

PMID- 9946764
TI  - Diffraction from domain-wall systems.

PMID- 9946763
TI  - Two-dimensional resonant tunneling.

PMID- 9946765
TI  - Core-level study of the phase transition on the Ge(111)-c(2 x 8) surface.

PMID- 9946766
TI  - Biexcitonic nonlinearity in GaAs/GaxAl1-xAs quantum wells and quantum-well wires.

PMID- 9946767
TI  - Photoemission studies of the reactions of ammonia and N atoms with Si(100)-(2 x
      1) and Si(111)-(7 x 7) surfaces.

PMID- 9946768
TI  - Thermal and electron-beam-induced reaction of disilane on Si(100)-(2 x 1).

PMID- 9946769
TI  - Composition dependence of the Gamma 8- Gamma 6 transition in mercury cadmium
      telluride: A reexamination.

PMID- 9946770
TI  - Mechanism for photogeneration of metastable charged solitons in polyacetylene.

PMID- 9946771
TI  - Atomic configuration and electronic properties of the metastable state of the EL2
      center in GaAs.

PMID- 9946772
TI  - Metastable conduction states in Mo2S3: Pulse conductivity and thermoelectric
      power.

PMID- 9946774
TI  - Resonant tunneling via Landau levels in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs heterostructures.

PMID- 9946773
TI  - Covalent and metallic bonding within the quasi-ion approach.

PMID- 9946775
TI  - Microscopic structure of the NL10 heat-treatment center in silicon: Study by
      electron-nuclear double resonance.

PMID- 9946777
TI  - Surface-structure analysis of Au overlayers on Si by impact-collision ion
      scattering spectroscopy: sqrt 3 x sqrt 3 and 6 x 6 Si(111)/Au.

PMID- 9946776
TI  - Excitonic molecule with electron-hole exchange interaction.

PMID- 9946778
TI  - Theory of quasiparticle surface states in semiconductor surfaces.

PMID- 9946779
TI  - Interference effects in nonlinear charge-density-wave dynamics.

PMID- 9946780
TI  - Second-order nonlinear effects in asymmetric quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9946781
TI  - Synthesis of diamonds by use of microwave plasma chemical-vapor deposition:
      Morphology and growth of diamond films.

PMID- 9946782
TI  - Phonon ionization of neutral donors in lightly doped GaAs: A model for the
      conductance oscillations in semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor tunnel
      structures.

PMID- 9946784
TI  - First- and second-nearest-neighbor divacancies in silicon: Origin and ordering of
      gap levels.

PMID- 9946783
TI  - Impurity states in a polar-crystal slab.

PMID- 9946785
TI  - Photoluminescence line shape in degenerate semiconductor quantum wells.

PMID- 9946787
TI  - Percolation threshold of thermal conduction in AxIVB

PMID- 9946786
TI  - Effect of Fe on the conduction band of HgSe.

PMID- 9946788
TI  - Plasmon- and phonon-assisted recombinations in germanium.

PMID- 9946789
TI  - Energy-resolved study of the spin precession in photoemission from activated
      (110) GaAs.

PMID- 9946790
TI  - Time-resolved recombination dynamics of photoionized hydrogenlike impurities.

PMID- 9946792
TI  - Evolution of the electronic structure of polyacetylene and polythiophene as a
      function of doping level and lattice conformation.

PMID- 9946791
TI  - Zeeman spectroscopy of the defect-induced bound-exciton lines in GaAs grown by
      molecular-beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9946794
TI  - Sequential resonant tunneling characteristics of AlAs/GaAs multiple-quantum-well
      structures.

PMID- 9946793
TI  - Infrared absorption studies of the divacancy in silicon: New properties of the
      singly negative charge state.

PMID- 9946795
TI  - Surface magnetoplasmon polaritons in truncated semiconductor superlattices.

PMID- 9946796
TI  - Magnetoplasmon-phonon coupling in a GaxIn

PMID- 9946797
TI  - Screening properties of the two-dimensional electron gas in the quantum Hall
      regime.

PMID- 9946798
TI  - Optical and analytical transmission-electron-microscopy studies of
      thermochemically reduced MgO crystals.

PMID- 9946800
TI  - Three-photon spectroscopy of excitons and polaritons in alkali halides.

PMID- 9946799
TI  - Dependence of the covalency of the (MnF6)4- complex ion upon the Mn2+-F-
      distance.

PMID- 9946801
TI  - Fourth-order relaxation processes in crystalline CO2.

PMID- 9946802
TI  - Chemical dependence of the multiple-tip effect in scanning tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9946803
TI  - Self-consistent Sommerfeld droplet as a simple model for an accurate prediction
      of the electronic properties of small metal particles.

PMID- 9946804
TI  - Virial test of the interpolation formulas for the correlation energy of a
      paramagnetic electron liquid.

PMID- 9946805
TI  - Magnetoplasmons and the repeated magnetoroton spectrum.

PMID- 9946807
TI  - Relation of resonant Raman line shape to electronic structure in quantum wells.

PMID- 9946806
TI  - Quasi-two-dimensional electron gas in a cylindrical quantum well under a strong
      magnetic field.

PMID- 9946808
TI  - Dynamical group SO(3,2;r) of the polariton waves.

PMID- 9946810
TI  - Comments on the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of metals at high
      temperatures.

PMID- 9946809
TI  - Validity of the recursion method for calculating the energy gap of (GaAs)1-xGe2x:
      Comments on a paper by Gu, Newman, and Fedders.

PMID- 9946811
TI  - Bulk-plasmon-enhanced photoemission from Nb(100) surface resonances.

PMID- 9946812
TI  - Interpretation of the complete excitation spectrum for pinned charge-density
      waves.

PMID- 9946813
TI  - Picosecond infrared spectroscopy of hot carriers in a modulation-doped
      Ga0.47In0.53As multiple-quantum-well structure.

PMID- 9946815
TI  - Determination of valence-band effective-mass anisotropy in GaAs quantum wells by
      optical spectroscopy.

PMID- 9946814
TI  - Resonant-tunneling conductivity in one-dimensional disordered systems.

PMID- 9946816
TI  - Far-infrared study of confinement effects on acceptors in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum
      wells.

PMID- 9946817
TI  - Boundary conditions and interface states in heterostructures.

PMID- 9946818
TI  - Second-harmonic generation in submicrometer GaAs-AlxGa

PMID- 9946819
TI  - Thermoelectric power and thermal conductivity of first-stage graphite-acceptor
      intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9946820
TI  - Structure of a (RhCl6)4- defect in AgCl.

PMID- 9946822
TI  - Optical generation and bottlenecking of nonzero-wave-vector magnons via Er3+
      centers in antiferromagnetic MnF2.

PMID- 9946821
TI  - Planar channeling radiation from 54-110-MeV electrons in diamond and silicon.

PMID- 9946823
TI  - Electronic structure, hyperfine interactions, and radial densities in the Fe1+
      tetrahedral sulfide as calculated by the multiple-scattering method.

PMID- 9946824
TI  - Sign of the hyperfine parameters of anomalous muonium in diamond.

PMID- 9946825
TI  - Collapse of Mossbauer spectra in strong applied radio-frequency fields.

PMID- 9946826
TI  - Dechanneling and stopping power of relativistic channeled particles.

PMID- 9946827
TI  - Deuteron magnetic resonance in tantalum, niobium, and vanadium deuterides.

PMID- 9946828
TI  - Electronic structure investigated by NMR and superconductivity of cubic Laves
      phase hydrides: V2HfHx (0 <= x <= 4.5) and V2Hf0.5Zr0.5Hx (0 <= x <= 4.8).

PMID- 9946829
TI  - Perturbative results for the short-range order parameter, specific heat, and
      resistivity of granular superconductors.

PMID- 9946830
TI  - Determination of the zeroth moment of the effective roton-maxon interaction in
      liquid He II.

PMID- 9946833
TI  - Explanation of the phase diagram of beta -di

PMID- 9946832
TI  - High-resolution second-sound velocity measurements near the lambda point of
      helium.

PMID- 9946831
TI  - Magnetization and peak effect of several single crystals of V3Si.

PMID- 9946834
TI  - Neutron scattering study of the heavy-fermion compound CeRu2Si2.

PMID- 9946835
TI  - Superconducting and normal-state properties of MoNx thin films.

PMID- 9946836
TI  - Multiple-spin-exchange calculation of the T=0 properties of solid 3He.

PMID- 9946837
TI  - Quasiclassical theory of superconductivity near magnetically active interfaces.

PMID- 9946838
TI  - Shadow wave function for many-boson systems.

PMID- 9946839
TI  - Spin-dependent correlations in the ground state of liquid 3He.

PMID- 9946840
TI  - Hole polaron propagation and pairing in a model for doped CuO2.

PMID- 9946841
TI  - Mechanism for high-temperature superconductivity.

PMID- 9946843
TI  - New coherent states in periodic arrays of ultrasmall Josephson junctions.

PMID- 9946842
TI  - Lack of Cu3+, Pb4+, and Bi5+ ions in metallic and superconducting oxides.

PMID- 9946844
TI  - Effect of Mn on the superconductivity of YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9946845
TI  - Charge-transfer mechanisms for high-Tc superconductivity.

PMID- 9946846
TI  - Evidence of nonphononic superconductivity in Nb3Ge.

PMID- 9946847
TI  - Electron-spin-resonance studies of the Ag-, Eu-, and Gd-doped Y-Ba-Cu-O high-Tc
      superconductors.

PMID- 9946849
TI  - Intrinsic multipeak structure in quasiparticle tunneling conductance of high-Tc
      superconductors.

PMID- 9946848
TI  - Superconducting properties of La2-xBax

PMID- 9946850
TI  - Experimental study of La1Ba2Cu3Ox.

PMID- 9946851
TI  - Neutron spectroscopic determination of the crystalline electric field in
      HoBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9946852
TI  - Wigner-Seitz local-environment study of the high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9946853
TI  - Electronic structure of CuO2 sheets and spin-driven high-Tc superconductivity.

PMID- 9946854
TI  - Evidence for anisotropic pairing in YBa2Cu3O7- delta from the Landau theory of
      fluctuation specific heat.

PMID- 9946855
TI  - Valence bands, oxygen in planes and chains, and surface changes for single
      crystals of M2CuO4 and MBa2Cu3Ox (M=Pr,Nd,Eu,Gd).

PMID- 9946856
TI  - Stability of fluxon motion in long Josephson junctions at high bias.

PMID- 9946857
TI  - Spin-exchange and dipole relaxation rates in atomic hydrogen: Rigorous and
      simplified calculations.

PMID- 9946858
TI  - Dynamic symmetry breaking in mixed-valence systems.

PMID- 9946859
TI  - Interfacial wetting transition in a model with competing multispin interactions.

PMID- 9946860
TI  - Monte Carlo method for the Ising model in a transverse field.

PMID- 9946861
TI  - Susceptibility and specific-heat studies on the directionally anisotropic
      Heisenberg antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9946863
TI  - Diffusion of spin order in inhomogeneous systems.

PMID- 9946862
TI  - Early stages of spinodal decomposition for the Cahn-Hilliard-Cook model of phase
      separation.

PMID- 9946864
TI  - Conductance fluctuations in disordered systems: Dependence on the degree of
      disorder.

PMID- 9946865
TI  - Domain-growth kinetics for the Q-state Potts model in two and three dimensions.

PMID- 9946867
TI  - Metastability of the uniform magnetization in three-dimensional random-field
      Ising model systems. I. Fe0.7Mg

PMID- 9946868
TI  - Metastability of the uniform magnetization in three-dimensional random-field
      Ising model systems. II. Fe0.47Zn

PMID- 9946866
TI  - Trapping problem on a line with a dichotomous disorder.

PMID- 9946870
TI  - Metal-spin-density-wave transition in a quasi-one-dimensional conductor: Pressure
      and magnetic field effects.

PMID- 9946869
TI  - Universality in two- and three-dimensional growth and deposition models.

PMID- 9946872
TI  - Effect of simultaneous heavy-ion and electron bombardment on the amorphization
      kinetics of intermetallics.

PMID- 9946871
TI  - Neutron scattering study of spin fluctuations in Y(Mn1-xAlx

PMID- 9946873
TI  - Magnetic properties of thin Pd1-yNiy

PMID- 9946874
TI  - Dynamics of kink-kink collisions in the double-sine-Gordon system.

PMID- 9946875
TI  - Thermodynamic description of depolarized light scattering from viscoelastic
      liquids.

PMID- 9946878
TI  - Modulated order in classical magnetoelastic chains.

PMID- 9946876
TI  - NbTe4: A model for a class of incommensurate-to-incommensurate phase transitions.

PMID- 9946877
TI  - Low-temperature properties of the

PMID- 9946879
TI  - Current oscillations in near-commensurate systems.

PMID- 9946880
TI  - Finite-temperature band theory of ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic interfaces
      including exchange anisotropy.

PMID- 9946881
TI  - Linear spin-(1/2 magnetic chains: Susceptibilities, correlation functions, and
      applications to (C6H11NH3)CuBr3 and deuterated CuCl2

PMID- 9946882
TI  - Mean-field Potts glass model: Initial-condition effects on dynamics and
      properties of metastable states.

PMID- 9946884
TI  - Localization of phonons in mixed crystals.

PMID- 9946885
TI  - Renormalization-group analysis of chiral transitions.

PMID- 9946883
TI  - Theory of auto-oscillations in high-power ferromagnetic resonance.

PMID- 9946886
TI  - Scaling of splay and total rigidity for elastic percolation on the triangular
      lattice.

PMID- 9946887
TI  - Spin excitations in multilayered ferromagnetic electron gases.

PMID- 9946889
TI  - Modeling of phase diagrams for bcc magnetic alloys.

PMID- 9946888
TI  - Series study of random animals in general dimensions.

PMID- 9946890
TI  - Critical dynamics of metallic spin glasses.

PMID- 9946892
TI  - Transfer-matrix scaling for anomalous dynamics of a vector spin-glass chain.

PMID- 9946891
TI  - Crystallization and melting in metal-semiconductor multilayers.

PMID- 9946893
TI  - Josephson effect and Anderson's theorem.

PMID- 9946894
TI  - Direct evidence for ambient-controlled hopping conduction in inhomogeneous a-Si
      and a-Si:H from gas-diffusion experiments.

PMID- 9946895
TI  - Energy distribution of electrons excited in solids by moving particles.

PMID- 9946897
TI  - Electron-energy-loss spectroscopy of cleaved single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9946896
TI  - Effect of oxygen stoichiometry on softening of Raman active lattice modes in
      YBa2Cu3Ox.

PMID- 9946898
TI  - Spin-singlet pairing mechanism in magnon-pairing theories.

PMID- 9946899
TI  - Microwave study of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9946900
TI  - Optical reflectivity studies of polycrystalline La4BaCu

PMID- 9946901
TI  - Simple model for the Hall effect in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9946902
TI  - Electronic band properties of CaSr2Bi

PMID- 9946904
TI  - Two-carrier percolation model of normal-state transport properties of single
      crystal YBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9946903
TI  - Zero resistance at 107 K in the (Bi,Pb)-Ca-Sr-Cu oxide system.

PMID- 9946905
TI  - Identification of a superoxide in superconducting La2CuO4+ delta by x-ray
      photoelectron spectroscopy.

PMID- 9946906
TI  - Oxygen isotope effect on critical temperature and phonon modes in YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9946907
TI  - Transmission-electron-microscopy study of high-temperature superconducting phases
      in the Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O system.

PMID- 9946908
TI  - Superconducting properties of a 27-A

PMID- 9946909
TI  - Experimental features of the antiferromagnetism in Ba2GdCu3O7-y.

PMID- 9946910
TI  - Bond-percolation threshold and lattice structure.

PMID- 9946911
TI  - Interaction energy of disclinations in pentagonal quasicrystals.

PMID- 9946912
TI  - Critical exponents of the gauge glass.

PMID- 9946914
TI  - Free-electron-like Stoner excitations in Fe.

PMID- 9946913
TI  - Analytic approximation to the ground-state energy of the Anderson model.

PMID- 9946915
TI  - Kinetic behavior and memory effect in the lock-in phase of A2BX4 incommensurate
      ferroelectric compounds.

PMID- 9946916
TI  - Comment on "Multicritical behavior of a square-lattice-gas model with anisotropic
      repulsive interactions: A transfer-matrix scaling study"

PMID- 9946918
TI  - Erratum: Theory of charge-imbalance relaxation in anisotropic heavy-fermion
      superconductors

PMID- 9946917
TI  - Equivalences between a dimer, a vertex, and a spin model.

PMID- 9946919
TI  - Erratum: High-field magnetoconductivity of electrons on hydrogen

PMID- 9946921
TI  - Channeling measurement of solute vibration amplitude in an alloy.

PMID- 9946920
TI  - T4 to T2 resistivity transition and superconducting fluctuations in disordered VN
      films.

PMID- 9946922
TI  - Temporal fluctuations of multiply scattered light in a random medium.

PMID- 9946924
TI  - Simple theory of the reverse ac Josephson effect.

PMID- 9946923
TI  - Optical anisotropy of YBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9946925
TI  - Inhomogeneous excited states in superconductors.

PMID- 9946926
TI  - Zero-temperature properties of the two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet: A
      numerical study.

PMID- 9946927
TI  - X-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy evidence for peroxide in 1:2:3 copper oxides
      containing disordered or excess oxygen.

PMID- 9946928
TI  - Superconducting properties of single-crystal Bi2Sr

PMID- 9946930
TI  - Angular dependence of the upper critical field of Bi2.2Sr2Ca0.8Cu2O8+ delta.

PMID- 9946929
TI  - Calculated photoemission and x-ray emission spectra of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8.

PMID- 9946931
TI  - Microwave collective transport in single-crystal Eu2CuO

PMID- 9946933
TI  - Effect of structural instability between 80 and 300 K on superconductivity of
      YBa2Cu

PMID- 9946932
TI  - Raman scattering from single crystals of the 84-K superconductor
      Bi2.2Ca0.8Sr2Cu2O8+ delta.

PMID- 9946934
TI  - Thermal recovery of oxygen-deficient superconducting YBa2Cu

PMID- 9946935
TI  - Optical and electrical properties of an organic superconductor di

PMID- 9946936
TI  - Effect of microstructure on positron-annihilation parameters in YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9946937
TI  - Oxygen-vacancy ordering and microstructure in annealed YBa2Cu3O7- delta
      superconductors.

PMID- 9946938
TI  - Two-band model for anisotropic Hall effect in high-Tc Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9946939
TI  - Electronic band properties of Ba2Tl

PMID- 9946940
TI  - Superexchange mechanism and d-wave superconductivity.

PMID- 9946942
TI  - Charging effects in coupled superconducting tunnel junctions and their
      implications for tunneling measurements of high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9946941
TI  - Photoemission study of a high-Tc superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu oxide.

PMID- 9946944
TI  - Low-frequency dynamics of orientational glasses.

PMID- 9946943
TI  - Coherent phase slip in arrays of underdamped Josephson tunnel junctions.

PMID- 9946945
TI  - Random perturbations to the ordered quantum antiferromagnetic ground state.

PMID- 9946947
TI  - Surface exponent in percolation and central-force percolation: A test for splay
      rigidity.

PMID- 9946946
TI  - Layer critical points of multilayer ethane adsorbed on graphite.

PMID- 9946948
TI  - Quasiperiodic anisotropic XY model.

PMID- 9946949
TI  - Two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet: Effect of anisotropy on the ground
      state.

PMID- 9946951
TI  - Interface roughening due to random impurities at low temperatures.

PMID- 9946950
TI  - Quasiequilibrium states of spin glasses.

PMID- 9946952
TI  - Spin-correlation function of the S=1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain at T=0.

PMID- 9946954
TI  - Multilayer reconstruction of the W(001) surface.

PMID- 9946953
TI  - Theoretical spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectra from Fe(110).

PMID- 9946955
TI  - Two-band character of the first-order longitudinal Hall effect.

PMID- 9946956
TI  - Effect of isotope concentration on the lattice parameter of germanium perfect
      crystals.

PMID- 9946957
TI  - Spectral theory for two-component porous media.

PMID- 9946959
TI  - Specific heat of the dissipative two-state system.

PMID- 9946958
TI  - New method for calculation of quantum-mechanical transmittance applied to
      disordered wires.

PMID- 9946961
TI  - Quantum interference effects and the magnitude of the resistivity and thermopower
      of Ca-Al metallic glasses.

PMID- 9946960
TI  - Interpretation of diffuse He-atom scattering from steps.

PMID- 9946962
TI  - Quantum size and surface effects in the electrical resistivity and high-energy
      electron reflectivity of ultrathin lead films.

PMID- 9946964
TI  - Resonance Raman scattering and optical absorption studies of MnO4- in KClO4 at
      high pressure.

PMID- 9946963
TI  - Comparative high-energy photoelectron diffraction study of Pt(111), Ni(111), and
      Pt50Ni

PMID- 9946965
TI  - Vacancy properties in beta -Li-Al.

PMID- 9946966
TI  - Coexistence of strong 3d antiferromagnetism and mixed-valent Kondo regime
      transition in Ce(MnxCr

PMID- 9946967
TI  - Critical behaviors of melting and high-temperature structures in stage-1 rubidium
      graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9946969
TI  - Stability and formation of Al-Cu-(Li,Mg) icosahedral phases.

PMID- 9946968
TI  - Palladium diffusion and cluster nucleation on Ta(110).

PMID- 9946971
TI  - Exchange-enhanced weak-localization and electron-electron interaction in
      amorphous paramagnetic Zr-Fe.

PMID- 9946970
TI  - Far-infrared absorptivity of UPt3.

PMID- 9946972
TI  - Theoretical study of the electronic structure of ordered and disordered Cu3Au.

PMID- 9946973
TI  - Cu{001}c(2 x 2)-Pd: An ordered surface alloy.

PMID- 9946974
TI  - Renormalized polarizability in the Maxwell Garnett theory.

PMID- 9946975
TI  - Electron-hole pair excitation in multilayered conducting heterostructures.

PMID- 9946976
TI  - Valence-band and surface electronic structure of CdTe.

PMID- 9946977
TI  - L2,3 edge of silicon: Theory and experiment.

PMID- 9946978
TI  - Structure of submonolayer gold on silicon (111) from x-ray standing-wave
      triangulation.

PMID- 9946980
TI  - Quantum theory of cyclotron-resonance line shape of a two-dimensional hole gas
      due to hole-phonon interaction in microstructures.

PMID- 9946981
TI  - Electronic properties of polyacene.

PMID- 9946979
TI  - Growth structure of chemisorbed oxygen on GaAs(110) and InP(110) surfaces.

PMID- 9946982
TI  - Polaritons in semiconductor multilayered materials.

PMID- 9946983
TI  - Electron-spin resonance in the two-dimensional electron gas of GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs
      heterostructures.

PMID- 9946984
TI  - Magnetoconductance in the variable-range-hopping regime due to a quantum
      interference mechanism.

PMID- 9946986
TI  - Static nontunneling models for the shallow donors D(H,O) and D(Li,O) in
      germanium.

PMID- 9946985
TI  - Optical properties of a neutral Cu-C complex defect in GaP.

PMID- 9946987
TI  - Photoexcitation and doping studies of poly(3-hexylthienylene).

PMID- 9946988
TI  - Photoluminescence of two-dimensional excitons in an electric field: Lifetime
      enhancement and field ionization in GaAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9946989
TI  - Piezospectroscopy of the ground and excited states of zinc double acceptors in
      germanium.

PMID- 9946991
TI  - Effects of external stress on the electronic structure and optical properties of

PMID- 9946990
TI  - Inelastic electron scattering in amorphous silicon nitride and aluminum oxide
      with multiple-scattering corrections.

PMID- 9946992
TI  - Ultrasonic propagation-time measurements in Zn1-xMnxSe down to low temperatures:
      Shear-wave anomalies and the spin-glass transition.

PMID- 9946993
TI  - Short-period GaAs-AlAs superlattices: Optical properties and electronic
      structure.

PMID- 9946994
TI  - High-order reconstructions of the Ge(100) surface.

PMID- 9946995
TI  - Soft-x-ray emission and inelastic electron-scattering study of the electronic
      excitations in amorphous and crystalline silicon dioxide.

PMID- 9946996
TI  - Optical vibrational modes of ZnSe-ZnSxSe

PMID- 9946997
TI  - Effective charge and ionicity in Cd1-xMnxTe.

PMID- 9946999
TI  - Activation of boron-dopant atoms in ion-implanted diamonds.

PMID- 9946998
TI  - Reformulated Hamiltonian for nonparabolic bands in semiconductor quantum wells.

PMID- 9947002
TI  - Acoustic phonons in multiconstituent superlattices.

PMID- 9947000
TI  - Magnetic-field-induced localization in narrow-gap semiconductors Hg1-xCdxTe and
      InSb.

PMID- 9947001
TI  - Electron drift mobility in doped amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9947003
TI  - Subpicosecond time-resolved Raman spectroscopy of LO phonons in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs
      multiple-quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9947004
TI  - Collective excitations of a multiple-quantum-well system with barrier of finite
      height.

PMID- 9947005
TI  - Analytic correlation functions for the quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9947006
TI  - Interpretation of "optical time-of-flight" measurements in Si.

PMID- 9947008
TI  - Shear elasticity of KxRb

PMID- 9947007
TI  - Doping-induced luminescence in polyacetylene.

PMID- 9947009
TI  - Electrodiffusion of alkali-metal ions and protons in quartz: A diffusion
      compensation model.

PMID- 9947010
TI  - Electron-gas theory of some phases of magnesium oxide.

PMID- 9947011
TI  - Imperfections in amorphous chalcogenides. I. Electrically neutral defects in
      liquid sulfur and arsenic sulfides.

PMID- 9947012
TI  - Imperfections in amorphous chalcogenides. II. Detection and structure
      determination of neutral defects in As-S, Ge-S, and Ge-As-S glasses.

PMID- 9947014
TI  - Selection of lamellar thickness in polymer crystal growth: A rate-theory model.

PMID- 9947013
TI  - Imperfections in amorphous chalcogenides. III. Interacting-lone-pair model for
      localized gap states based on a tight-binding energy-band calculation for As2S

PMID- 9947015
TI  - Ab initio calculation of the refractive indices and related properties of CaCO3.

PMID- 9947016
TI  - Hyper-Raman tensors of the zone-center optical phonons in SrTiO3 and KTaO3.

PMID- 9947018
TI  - Density-functional analysis of Wigner crystallization.

PMID- 9947017
TI  - Recursion-method study of the electronic states of a two-dimensional square
      quantum well.

PMID- 9947019
TI  - Kinetics of the hydrogen chemisorption process for Nb.

PMID- 9947020
TI  - (hk0) x-ray diffraction of stage-1 SbCl4F-intercalated graphite.

PMID- 9947022
TI  - Quantum size effects on the optical band gap of microcrystalline Si:H.

PMID- 9947021
TI  - Theoretical and experimental study of Raman scattering and infrared reflectivity
      in indium phosphide.

PMID- 9947024
TI  - Evidence for the onset of Frohlich-mode conductivity in K0.30MoO

PMID- 9947023
TI  - Thermoelectric power of a one-dimensional electron-gas system.

PMID- 9947025
TI  - Mass spectroscopy of SbCl5-intercalated graphite.

PMID- 9947026
TI  - Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure spectroscopy study of glassy
      Fe79Si11B10.

PMID- 9947027
TI  - Pinned mode in polyacetylene: A distribution of soliton-lattice densities.

PMID- 9947029
TI  - First-principles study of the coverage dependence of the electronic structure of
      alkali-metal-metal surfaces: Na on Al(001).

PMID- 9947028
TI  - Novel ultrasonic attenuation peak in alpha '-PdDx.

PMID- 9947030
TI  - Nonlinear dynamics of localization in a class of one-dimensional quasicrystals.

PMID- 9947031
TI  - Simple theory of electronic structure: Clusters to crystals.

PMID- 9947032
TI  - Charge transfer and positron states at alkali-metal-covered nickel surfaces.

PMID- 9947034
TI  - Photoionization threshold of the deep donor in Si-doped AlxGa1-xAs.

PMID- 9947033
TI  - Origin and structural sensitivity of surface Auger extended fine structure.

PMID- 9947035
TI  - Localization and wave-vector conservation for optical phonons in AlxGa1-xAs and
      thin layers of GaAs.

PMID- 9947036
TI  - Oxidation of Si(111)-(7 x 7) as studied by scanning tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9947037
TI  - Atomic nature of reconstructed Si(110).

PMID- 9947038
TI  - Picosecond imaging of photoexcited carriers in quantum wells: Anomalous lateral
      confinement at high densities.

PMID- 9947039
TI  - Angle-integrated photoemission studies of Ni/Nb(110) and modification of the
      surface by heat treatment.

PMID- 9947040
TI  - Multifractal spectral and wave-function properties of the quasiperiodic modulated
      spring model.

PMID- 9947042
TI  - Scattering of electrons from atomic surface defects near simple metal surfaces.

PMID- 9947041
TI  - Optical investigation of quasi-one- and two-dimensional systems A0.9Mo

PMID- 9947043
TI  - Outer-core emission spectra of heavy alkali metals.

PMID- 9947044
TI  - Surface lattice dynamics of Cu(111).

PMID- 9947045
TI  - Photoemission from Ar, Kr, and Xe on Pb(111).

PMID- 9947047
TI  - Bands and interbands in LaPd3 and CePd3.

PMID- 9947046
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility of tetrathiafulvalene tetracyanoquinodimethane under
      pressure.

PMID- 9947049
TI  - Inequivalence of the physical and Kohn-Sham Fermi surfaces.

PMID- 9947048
TI  - Temperature dependence of resistance noise in metal-insulator mixtures below the
      percolation threshold.

PMID- 9947050
TI  - Electrical conductivity, thermoelectric power, and ESR of a new family of
      molecular conductors, dicyanoquinonediimine-metal

PMID- 9947051
TI  - Point-contact spectroscopy in incommensurate chromium.

PMID- 9947052
TI  - Calculation of phonon dispersion in superlattices using the matching procedure.

PMID- 9947053
TI  - Bulk and surface phonons in fcc-fcc superlattices using the matching procedure.

PMID- 9947055
TI  - Bulk band dispersion in Ti2O

PMID- 9947054
TI  - Topological short-range disorder in Au1-xNix solid solutions: An extended x-ray
      absorption fine-structure spectroscopy and computer-simulation study.

PMID- 9947057
TI  - Exact eigenstates on a two-dimensional Penrose lattice and their fractal
      dimensions.

PMID- 9947056
TI  - Occupied quasiparticle bandwidth of potassium.

PMID- 9947059
TI  - Empty-lattice test for non-muffin-tin multiple-scattering equations.

PMID- 9947058
TI  - Partial densities of states of ordered Cu3Au.

PMID- 9947060
TI  - EL2 and the electronic structure of the AsGa-Asi pair in GaAs: The role of
      lattice distortion in the properties of the normal state.

PMID- 9947062
TI  - Photoconductivity in trans-polyacetylene: Transport and recombination of
      photogenerated charged excitations.

PMID- 9947061
TI  - Exciton mixing in quantum wells.

PMID- 9947063
TI  - Structure and single-phase regime of boron carbides.

PMID- 9947065
TI  - Time-resolved study of vibrations of a-Ge:H/a-Si:H multilayers.

PMID- 9947064
TI  - Interface roughness and the dispersion of confined LO phonons in GaAs/AlAs
      quantum wells.

PMID- 9947067
TI  - Microscopic structure of the SiO2/Si interface.

PMID- 9947066
TI  - Dimerization enhancement in one-dimensional Hubbard and Pariser-Parr-Pople
      models.

PMID- 9947068
TI  - Resonant Raman-active acoustic phonons in ion-implanted GaAs.

PMID- 9947070
TI  - Band structure of semiconductor alloys.

PMID- 9947069
TI  - Diffusion of impurities in amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9947071
TI  - Comparison of the structural, electrical, and optical properties of amorphous
      silicon-germanium alloys produced from hydrides and fluorides.

PMID- 9947073
TI  - Effect of doping percentages on the conductivity and energy gap of a-Si thin
      films.

PMID- 9947072
TI  - Experimental surface electronic band structure of the (101-bar0) surfaces of CdS
      and CdSe.

PMID- 9947074
TI  - Exciton binding energy in (Al,Ga)As quantum wells: Effects of crystal orientation
      and envelope-function symmetry.

PMID- 9947075
TI  - Transfer-matrix algorithm for the calculation of the band structure of
      semiconductor superlattices.

PMID- 9947076
TI  - Thermionic emission and Gaussian transport of holes in a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs multiple
      quantum-well structure.

PMID- 9947077
TI  - Optical spectra in conducting polymers: Breaking of symmetries.

PMID- 9947078
TI  - Heat capacity of the two-dimensional electron gas in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs multiple
      quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9947079
TI  - Electric-field-induced quenching of shallow and deep bound excitons in silicon.

PMID- 9947080
TI  - Ab initio study of graphite --> diamondlike transitions in BN.

PMID- 9947081
TI  - Simulations of atomic processes at semiconductor surfaces: General method and
      chemisorption on GaAs(110).

PMID- 9947083
TI  - Transient photoconductivity in oriented trans-polyacetylene prepared by the
      Naarmann-Theophilou method.

PMID- 9947082
TI  - Gauge-invariant two-photon transitions in quantum wells.

PMID- 9947084
TI  - Systematic calculations of the band structures of the rare-gas crystals neon,
      argon, krypton, and xenon.

PMID- 9947085
TI  - Laser-induced grating spectroscopy of alexandrite crystals.

PMID- 9947086
TI  - Distribution of tunneling-level barrier heights in (KBr)1-x(KCN)x: Comparison of
      dielectric response and specific heat.

PMID- 9947087
TI  - Equilibrium orientations of diatomic-molecular impurities in cubic crystals
      determined by a polarized Raman study of the stretching mode.

PMID- 9947088
TI  - Prediction of a high-pressure phase transition and other properties of solid CO2
      at low temperatures.

PMID- 9947089
TI  - Ultrasonic attenuation peaks near the diffuse solid-electrolyte transition
      temperature in PbF2 and BaF2.

PMID- 9947091
TI  - Small-angle x-ray scattering study of aqueous solutions of sulfonated calix

PMID- 9947090
TI  - Second-harmonic generation in quinquethienyl monolayers.

PMID- 9947092
TI  - Transformation of spatially direct to spatially indirect excitons in coupled
      double quantum wells.

PMID- 9947094
TI  - Density matrices for states in the lowest Landau level of a two-dimensional
      electron gas.

PMID- 9947093
TI  - Final-state screening in photoemission from adsorbed xenon layers.

PMID- 9947095
TI  - Bound states trapped by the soliton in the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model.

PMID- 9947096
TI  - Broadening of the Landau levels in quasi-two-dimensional conductors caused by
      impurity scattering.

PMID- 9947097
TI  - Tetrahedral semiconductors: Constancy of the midgap energies with respect to the
      vacuum level.

PMID- 9947098
TI  - EPR observation of a platinum pair complex in Si.

PMID- 9947099
TI  - Saturation of the density of states of tunneling systems in defective crystalline
      neutron-irradiated quartz.

PMID- 9947100
TI  - Comment on volume relaxation around defects in silicon upon electron emission.

PMID- 9947101
TI  - Reply to "Comment on volume relaxation around defects in silicon upon electron
      emission"

PMID- 9947102
TI  - Comment on "Filling three-dimensional space with tetrahedra: A geometric and
      crystallographic problem"

PMID- 9947103
TI  - Comment on "Time evolution of Bloch electrons in a homogeneous electric field"

PMID- 9947104
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Time evolution of Bloch electrons in a homogeneous electric
      field' "

PMID- 9947105
TI  - Comment on "Exact calculations of quasibound states of an isolated quantum well
      with uniform electric field: Quantum-well Stark resonance"

PMID- 9947106
TI  - Defect parameters obtained from positron-annihilation and self-diffusion
      experiments in silicon.

PMID- 9947107
TI  - Dependence of core-level photoemission spectra on overlayer growth mode: Al on
      InP(110).

PMID- 9947109
TI  - Ordering of isovalent intersemiconductor alloys.

PMID- 9947108
TI  - X-ray diffraction study of epitaxial Nb-Ta overlayers on sapphire.

PMID- 9947110
TI  - Carrier-sign reversal in Bi-doped bulk amorphous semiconductors Ge20Te

PMID- 9947111
TI  - Low-temperature phonon-drag thermoelectric power in heterojunctions.

PMID- 9947112
TI  - Raman scattering by interface-phonon polaritons in a GaAs/AlAs heterostructure.

PMID- 9947114
TI  - X-ray-induced secondary-electron emission from solid xenon.

PMID- 9947113
TI  - Silent soft mode in hexagonal barium titanate observed by hyper-Raman scattering.

PMID- 9947115
TI  - Anisotropic broadening of the linewidth in the EPR spectra of Cr3+ ions in
      various doped yttrium aluminum garnet single crystals.

PMID- 9947116
TI  - Deuterium NMR study of D2O dynamics in glassy and liquid LiCl:D2O.

PMID- 9947118
TI  - Excitation mechanism of cathodoluminescence of oxisulfides.

PMID- 9947117
TI  - Quantum diffusion of positive muons in copper.

PMID- 9947119
TI  - Mossbauer-effect-temperature study of 1,1'-diacetylferrocene in a cold smectic-B
      liquid crystal.

PMID- 9947120
TI  - Electronic structure and isomer shifts of Sn halides.

PMID- 9947121
TI  - Hydrogen trapping by solute atoms in Nb-Mo(3 at. %) alloys as observed by the
      channeling method.

PMID- 9947122
TI  - Elastic electron backscattering from surfaces.

PMID- 9947123
TI  - Ab initio study of electronic properties in free and matrix-isolated iron
      dihalides.

PMID- 9947124
TI  - Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride
      glass.

PMID- 9947126
TI  - Theory of the Knight shift in solids: Effect of electron-phonon interaction.

PMID- 9947125
TI  - Electric field dependence of capture and emission rates by truncated cascade
      recombination.

PMID- 9947127
TI  - Models of flux pinning in the quasistatic limit.

PMID- 9947128
TI  - Energetics and structure of 4He droplets at a finite temperature.

PMID- 9947129
TI  - X-ray measurements of thermal vacancies in hcp 4He.

PMID- 9947130
TI  - Intensities of multipole-induced zero-phonon transitions in solid parahydrogen.

PMID- 9947131
TI  - Destruction by fluctuations of superconducting long-range order in the Abrikosov
      flux lattice.

PMID- 9947132
TI  - Exact states and variational states of a periodic two-dimensional cluster of the
      Heisenberg model.

PMID- 9947133
TI  - Modulational instability of a boson system.

PMID- 9947134
TI  - Low-temperature heat-capacity study of the U6X (X=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) compounds.

PMID- 9947135
TI  - Nonequilibrium conditions and diffusive transfer of primary excitations in
      superconducting tunnel-junction detectors.

PMID- 9947136
TI  - Hydrodynamics of superfluid 4He in a pseudospin model.

PMID- 9947137
TI  - Spin diffusion in paramagnetic quantum fluids.

PMID- 9947138
TI  - Theoretical study of lattice instabilities in YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9947140
TI  - Positron annihilation in the high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9947139
TI  - Possibility of a common origin to ferroelectricity and superconductivity in
      oxides.

PMID- 9947141
TI  - Free energy of thallium-based superconductors.

PMID- 9947142
TI  - Susceptibility, crystal-structure, and specific-heat studies of the high-Tc
      superconductor and quenched YBa2(Cu0.91Fe0.09) 3Ox.

PMID- 9947143
TI  - Parallel valence- and core-level photoemission studies of the metal-to-nonmetal
      transition in YBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9947145
TI  - Pairing interaction in CuO clusters.

PMID- 9947144
TI  - Experimental electronic structure of Bi2CaSr2Cu2O8+ delta.

PMID- 9947146
TI  - Synthesis and properties of nonstoichiometric samples of YBa2Cu3O7-x; 0.04 <= x
      <= 1.00.

PMID- 9947147
TI  - Statistics of holons in the quantum hard-core dimer gas.

PMID- 9947148
TI  - Plasmons and high-temperature superconductivity.

PMID- 9947149
TI  - NMR measurement of the exchange coupling between Cu(2) atoms in YBa2Cu3O7- delta
      (Tc=90 K).

PMID- 9947150
TI  - Theory of upper critical field, fluctuation conductivity, and fluctuation
      specific heat for high-Tc superconductors in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9947151
TI  - Raman scattering from triple perovskites with the Ba2YCu3Ox structure: Normal
      mode assignments from substitutions on the Ba site.

PMID- 9947152
TI  - Charge-fluctuation mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity and the isotope effect
      in oxide superconductors.

PMID- 9947154
TI  - Diffusion of oxygen in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7- delta ceramic oxides.

PMID- 9947153
TI  - Anistropic Cu Knight shift and magnetic susceptibility in the normal state of
      YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9947156
TI  - Normal modes of tetragonal YBa2Cu3O6 and orthorhombic YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9947155
TI  - Correlation between superconductivity and normal-state properties in the
      La1.85Sr0.15 (Cu1-xZnx)O4 system.

PMID- 9947157
TI  - Metastability in EuBa2(Cu1-xSnx)3O7-y studied by 119Sn and 151Eu Mossbauer
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9947158
TI  - Interfacial effects and superconductivity in high-Tc materials.

PMID- 9947159
TI  - Raman spectrum of the superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8.

PMID- 9947161
TI  - Evidence against a spin-glass transition in three dimensions.

PMID- 9947160
TI  - Magnetic and structural properties of YBa2Cu3O7-xFy as prepared by a NF3 gas
      anneal.

PMID- 9947162
TI  - Exact determination of the Peierls-Nabarro frequency.

PMID- 9947163
TI  - Finite-size effects in two-dimensional continuum percolation.

PMID- 9947164
TI  - Ground-state phase diagrams for one-dimensional chains with nonlinear
      interactions.

PMID- 9947166
TI  - Variational calculation for the spin-(1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a square
      lattice.

PMID- 9947165
TI  - Gorsky-Bragg-Williams approach to the study of long-period superlattice phases in
      binary alloys.

PMID- 9947167
TI  - Magnetic behavior and magnetic phase diagram of the insulating mixed ferromagnet
      Fe

PMID- 9947168
TI  - Magnetic transitions in helimagnets.

PMID- 9947169
TI  - Neutron investigation of incommensurability and metastability in NH4HSeO

PMID- 9947170
TI  - Lattice parameter and orientation of xenon on graphite at low pressures.

PMID- 9947171
TI  - Generalized Fibonacci superlattices, dynamical trace maps, and magnetic
      excitations.

PMID- 9947173
TI  - Dodecagonal order in a two-dimensional Lennard-Jones system.

PMID- 9947172
TI  - Finite-size effects at wetting transitions.

PMID- 9947174
TI  - Polymorphism phase transition and the relative stability of various phases in the
      LiIO3 crystal.

PMID- 9947175
TI  - Monte Carlo studies of critical free energies and the simple-cubic Ising model.

PMID- 9947176
TI  - Magnetism in fcc rhodium and palladium.

PMID- 9947177
TI  - Self-similarities in one-dimensional periodic and quasiperiodic systems.

PMID- 9947178
TI  - Phenomenological theory of incommensurate phases in biphenyl.

PMID- 9947180
TI  - Effects of spin-dependent impurity scattering in itinerant ferromagnets.

PMID- 9947179
TI  - Universality classes of the theta and theta ' points.

PMID- 9947181
TI  - Perturbing influence of doubly excited configurations upon the electric-dipole
      transition amplitudes of rare-earth ions in crystals.

PMID- 9947182
TI  - Reentrant and successive phase transitions in the Ising model with competing
      interactions.

PMID- 9947183
TI  - Magnetic resonance study and computer simulation for the induced unidirectional
      anisotropy of reentrant Ni-Mn alloys.

PMID- 9947185
TI  - Approach to the ground state in disordered magnetic systems: Simulated annealing
      study.

PMID- 9947184
TI  - Transport properties of a 100-A

PMID- 9947186
TI  - Squeezed-state approach for phonon coupling in tunneling systems at zero
      temperature.

PMID- 9947187
TI  - Q dependence of the magnetic response in URu2Si2.

PMID- 9947188
TI  - Magnetic properties of the semi-infinite Ising model with a surface
      amorphization.

PMID- 9947189
TI  - Mechanism of pressure-induced martensitic phase transformations: A molecular
      dynamics study.

PMID- 9947190
TI  - Monte Carlo study of the two-dimensional spin-1/2 quantum Heisenberg model: Spin
      correlations in La2CuO

PMID- 9947192
TI  - Dynamical correlations from mobile vortices in two-dimensional easy-plane
      ferromagnets.

PMID- 9947191
TI  - Neutron scattering measurements of critical exponents in CsMnBr3: A Z2 >= 1
      antiferromagnet.

PMID- 9947193
TI  - Charge-density oscillations in intermediate-valence and Kondo systems.

PMID- 9947194
TI  - Magnetotransport of field-induced spin-density waves.

PMID- 9947195
TI  - Cubic zero-field splitting of a 6S-state ion.

PMID- 9947196
TI  - Small-angle neutron scattering study of adsorbed water in porous Vycor glass:
      Supercooling phase transition and interfacial structure.

PMID- 9947197
TI  - Fracture of disordered, elastic lattices in two dimensions.

PMID- 9947198
TI  - Percolation in negative field and lattice animals.

PMID- 9947200
TI  - de Haas-van Alphen effect in the Anderson lattice for large orbital degeneracy.

PMID- 9947199
TI  - Effects of a zinc-blende-diamond order-disorder transition on the crystal,
      electronic, and vibrational structures of metastable (GaAs)1-x(Ge2)x alloys.

PMID- 9947201
TI  - Structural phase transition and high-pressure elastic behavior of III-V
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9947202
TI  - Ferroelastic phase transition and phonons in a diatomic-molecular monolayer.

PMID- 9947203
TI  - q=5 Potts model on the quenched anisotropically site-diluted Penrose lattice.

PMID- 9947205
TI  - Theoretical determination of the superconducting phase of UPt3.

PMID- 9947204
TI  - Weyl-Heisenberg group and magnetic translations in finite phase space.

PMID- 9947206
TI  - Model for the 12.0-mT hydrogen hyperfine doublet in silica.

PMID- 9947207
TI  - Order parameters in the resonating-valence-bond model.

PMID- 9947208
TI  - Field-dependent viscosity in partially polarized normal liquid 3He.

PMID- 9947209
TI  - Tc enhancement in superconductor and spin-density-wave coexistence.

PMID- 9947210
TI  - Critical current anisotropy in high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9947211
TI  - Ultrasonic velocity anomalies in superconducting sinter-forged YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9947212
TI  - Significance of the Cu-O chain and a percolation model for superconductivity in
      YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9947213
TI  - Hall coefficient of single-crystal Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy.

PMID- 9947214
TI  - Electron-energy-loss spectra of the high-Tc superconductors Y-Ba-Cu-O and La-Sr
      Cu-O.

PMID- 9947215
TI  - Dynamics of Gaussian interface models.

PMID- 9947216
TI  - Ordering in the centered-square-lattice Ising model.

PMID- 9947218
TI  - Nonuniversal Ising-like transition in two-dimensional XY spin systems induced by
      an external magnetic field.

PMID- 9947217
TI  - Critical behavior of two-dimensional magnetic systems with dipole-dipole
      interactions.

PMID- 9947219
TI  - Comment on "Magnetism in Au82.5Fe17.5"

PMID- 9947220
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Magnetism in Au82.5Fe17.5"

PMID- 9947221
TI  - Erratum: Fourier-transform method for accurate analysis of Mossbauer spectra

PMID- 9947222
TI  - Erratum: Cooperative weak links in sintered Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor

PMID- 9947224
TI  - Integer charge transport in Josephson junctions.

PMID- 9947223
TI  - Erratum: Nature of the valence photoemission features of single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7
      x

PMID- 9947225
TI  - Low-coverage alkali-metal-induced surface structural changes in III-V
      semiconductors: Photoemission extended x-ray absorption fine-structure study of
      the Na/InP(110) interface.

PMID- 9947226
TI  - Directional correlation between the primary particle and ejected molecular ions
      in electronic sputtering of large organic molecules.

PMID- 9947228
TI  - Near-neighbor defect contribution to the hyperfine field of Fe in Fe.

PMID- 9947227
TI  - New form of scanning optical microscopy.

PMID- 9947229
TI  - Temperature dependence of the Raman spectra for Bi2CaSr2Cu2O8.

PMID- 9947230
TI  - Chain-site versus plane-site Cu substitution in YBa2Cu3-xMxO7 (M=Co,Ni): Hall and
      thermopower studies.

PMID- 9947231
TI  - 17O NMR spectroscopy of magnetically ordered YBa2Cu3O7-x microcrystals.

PMID- 9947232
TI  - Power-law temperature dependence of the electrodynamic properties in oriented
      YBa2Cu3O7- delta and Y2Ba4Cu8O16- delta films.

PMID- 9947233
TI  - Specific heat of model high-temperature superconductors: Effects of magnetic
      fields.

PMID- 9947234
TI  - Character of doped oxygen holes in high-Tc Cu oxides.

PMID- 9947235
TI  - Low-field dependence of the microwave absorption in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-x
      near Tc.

PMID- 9947236
TI  - Electron tunneling and the energy gap in Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox.

PMID- 9947237
TI  - Thermal properties of single-crystal La2CuO4- Delta.

PMID- 9947238
TI  - Structure in the magnetic-field-dependent microwave absorption of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O
      single crystals.

PMID- 9947240
TI  - Frequency-dependent conductivity from carriers in Mott insulators.

PMID- 9947239
TI  - Charge-density waves and superconductivity in the Ba1-xKxBiO3-y system.

PMID- 9947241
TI  - Possible role of the alkaline-earth ions in high-temperature superconductivity.

PMID- 9947243
TI  - Sound velocity and attenuation in single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9947242
TI  - Nature of the states near the Fermi level of the layered superconductors of
      Bi2Ca1Sr2Cu2O8 and Bi2Sr2CuO6.

PMID- 9947244
TI  - Absence of metallic character at certain Cu sites in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9947245
TI  - Antiferromagnetism of CuO2 layers.

PMID- 9947246
TI  - Attractive and repulsive pairing interaction vertices for the two-dimensional
      Hubbard model.

PMID- 9947247
TI  - Ultrasonic attenuation measurements in sinter-forged YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9947248
TI  - Static magnetic order in Bi2Sr2YCu2Ox and spin freezing in Bi2SrYCaCu2Ox detected
      by muon-spin rotation.

PMID- 9947250
TI  - Instability of the long-range resonating-valence-bond state in the mean-field
      approach.

PMID- 9947249
TI  - Magnetic penetration depth in single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9947251
TI  - Paramagnetic susceptibility of YBa2Cu3O7- delta at high temperatures.

PMID- 9947252
TI  - 130-K superconductivity and microwave absorption in Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O.

PMID- 9947253
TI  - Tight-binding approach to the orbital magnetic moment and magnetocrystalline
      anisotropy of transition-metal monolayers.

PMID- 9947254
TI  - Variational calculations for the Sutherland model.

PMID- 9947255
TI  - Magnetic correlations in random-anisotropy-axis models.

PMID- 9947256
TI  - Random resistor network with an exponentially wide distribution of bond
      conductances.

PMID- 9947257
TI  - Percolationlike exponent for the conductivity of highly disordered resistor
      networks.

PMID- 9947258
TI  - Phase boundary and magnetization in field-induced spin-density-wave systems.

PMID- 9947259
TI  - Self-ordering in diffusion-controlled reactions: Exciton fusion experiments and
      simulations on naphthalene powder, percolation clusters, and impregnated porous
      silica.

PMID- 9947260
TI  - Nonuniversality of transport exponents in continuum percolation systems: Effects
      of finite jump distance.

PMID- 9947261
TI  - Evidence for a temperature-induced order-disorder phase transition on W(100).

PMID- 9947262
TI  - Effect of the morphology of patterns on the scaling functions: Off-critical
      quenches.

PMID- 9947263
TI  - Polarized experimental and theoretical K-edge x-ray absorption studies of SO42-,
      ClO3-, S2O

PMID- 9947264
TI  - Secondary electron emission from thin foils under fast-ion bombardment.

PMID- 9947265
TI  - Isomer shift of 133Cs implanted in various elements.

PMID- 9947266
TI  - Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times for mixtures of ortho- and para-H2. II. Low
      ortho-H2 concentration.

PMID- 9947268
TI  - Optically detected multipulse nuclear-quadrupole-resonance studies of trivalent
      praseodymium in zero and weak static magnetic fields.

PMID- 9947267
TI  - Ab initio calculations of NMR satellite data for 3d impurities in Cu.

PMID- 9947269
TI  - Resonant enhancement of direct two-photon absorption in Tb3+:LiYF4.

PMID- 9947271
TI  - Locally resolved isotropic and anisotropic 13C Knight shifts in the organic
      conductor (fluoranthenyl)2X (X=AsF6, PF6).

PMID- 9947270
TI  - Coil detection of optically generated magnons in MnF2:Er3+

PMID- 9947272
TI  - Multiple small-angle scattering from a polydispersed random medium.

PMID- 9947273
TI  - Quantum effect of magnetic flux on the energy levels of rigid XH3 rotators.

PMID- 9947274
TI  - Molecular-dynamical calculations of irradiation-produced point defects in bcc
      metals.

PMID- 9947275
TI  - Optical study and analysis of Pu4+ in single crystals of ZrSiO4.

PMID- 9947276
TI  - Short-range order in Au-Fe alloys studied by high-temperature Mossbauer
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9947277
TI  - Paramagnetic hyperfine interactions of iron in solid ammonia from Mossbauer
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9947278
TI  - Crystal-field splitting and magnetic relaxation in CeCu20.2Si2.

PMID- 9947279
TI  - High-field specific heat of CeCu2Si2 and CeAl3.

PMID- 9947280
TI  - Cooper-pair mass.

PMID- 9947282
TI  - Quantum vortex dynamics in granular superconducting films.

PMID- 9947281
TI  - Superconductivity and spin-density waves.

PMID- 9947283
TI  - Suppression of the transition temperature in a one-dimensional superconductor.

PMID- 9947284
TI  - Upper critical field of organic superconductors.

PMID- 9947285
TI  - Charging effects and quantum properties of small superconducting tunnel
      junctions.

PMID- 9947286
TI  - Critical current of an inhomogeneous superconductor as a percolation-breakdown
      phenomenon.

PMID- 9947287
TI  - Perturbative analysis of long Josephson junctions having uniform bias and
      spatially varying penetration depth.

PMID- 9947288
TI  - Superconducting Tc enhancement due to negative-U impurities: Monte Carlo study of
      a local exciton model.

PMID- 9947290
TI  - Finite-size scaling and the convective conductance and specific heat of planar
      helium films near the superfluid transition.

PMID- 9947289
TI  - Intensities of zero-phonon Uv(0) and Qv(0)+Uv'(0) transitions in solid H2, D2,
      and HD.

PMID- 9947291
TI  - Healing length near the lambda point in liquid helium.

PMID- 9947292
TI  - Sounds in one-dimensional superfluid helium.

PMID- 9947293
TI  - Neutral fermions in effective-gauge-field theories of doped Mott insulators.

PMID- 9947294
TI  - Modifications of the physical properties of the high-Tc superconductors YBa2Cu3O7
      delta (0.1 <= delta <0.7) by 3.5-GeV xenon ion bombardment.

PMID- 9947295
TI  - Temperature dependence of the local structure of YBa2Cu3O7- delta with varying
      oxygen content: An x-ray-absorption study.

PMID- 9947296
TI  - Transport in crystalline La2CuO4+ delta : Enormous anomalies at TN for small hole
      doping.

PMID- 9947297
TI  - Reflectivity and conductivity of YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9947298
TI  - Formation of a large singlet bipolaron: Application to high-temperature
      bipolaronic superconductivity.

PMID- 9947299
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility of YBa2Cu3O6+x: Effects of spin frustration and
      correlation.

PMID- 9947301
TI  - Temperature-, magnetic-field-, and power-dependent microwave resistance of
      YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9947302
TI  - Oxygen concentration effect on Tc of the Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O superconductor.

PMID- 9947300
TI  - Interacting hole-spin model for oxide superconductors.

PMID- 9947303
TI  - Flux creep and activation energies at the grain boundaries of Y-Ba-Cu-O
      superconductors.

PMID- 9947304
TI  - Symmetry of holes in high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9947305
TI  - Photon-stimulated desorption and total-electron yield from DyBa2Cu3O7-x between
      15-180 eV.

PMID- 9947306
TI  - Band structure of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 studied by angle-resolved photoemission.

PMID- 9947307
TI  - Superconductivity and electronic structure of Bi-based compounds.

PMID- 9947308
TI  - Superconductivity, intergrain, and intragrain critical current densities of
      materials.

PMID- 9947309
TI  - Magnetic properties of Gd2CuO4 crystals.

PMID- 9947310
TI  - Microstructure, lattice parameters, and superconductivity of YBa2(Cu1-xFex)3O7-
      delta for 0 <= x <= 0.33.

PMID- 9947311
TI  - Variation of electronic and atomic structures in YBa2(Cu1-xFex)3O7- delta.

PMID- 9947312
TI  - Oxygen isotope effect in YBa2Cu3O7 prepared by burning YBa2Cu3 in 16O and 18O.

PMID- 9947313
TI  - ESR experiments and spectra simulations in YBa2Cu3O7-x, Y2BaCuO5, and BaCuO2+x.

PMID- 9947314
TI  - Electronically driven instabilities of La2-xMxCuO4.

PMID- 9947316
TI  - Temperature dependence of far-infrared difference reflectivity of YBa2Cu

PMID- 9947315
TI  - Linear charge-density-wave instability in YBa2Cu3O7- delta and the pair-breaking
      effect from Coulomb scattering with superconducting electrons.

PMID- 9947318
TI  - Langevin and Fokker-Planck equation with nonconventional boundary conditions for
      the description of domain-wall dynamics in ferromagnetic systems.

PMID- 9947317
TI  - Oxygen-vacancy phase equilibria in YBa2Cu3Oz calculated by the cluster variation
      method.

PMID- 9947319
TI  - Field theory of the two-dimensional Ising model: Conformal invariance, order and
      disorder, and bosonization.

PMID- 9947321
TI  - 14N nuclear-quadrupole-resonance study of solitons and charge-density waves
      during the Peierls transition in potassium tetracyanoquinodimethane.

PMID- 9947320
TI  - Dynamics of diluted antiferromagnetic Ising spin systems on the fcc lattice.

PMID- 9947323
TI  - Monte Carlo calculation of the size distribution of supported clusters.

PMID- 9947322
TI  - Density-functional theory of crystal-melt interfaces.

PMID- 9947324
TI  - Nonlinear sigma models for triangular quantum antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9947325
TI  - Thue-Morse quantum Ising model.

PMID- 9947326
TI  - Measurement of the fourth moment of the current distribution in two-dimensional
      random resistor networks.

PMID- 9947327
TI  - Order-disorder critical behavior of orientationally ordered incommensurate
      overlayers of cesium and potassium on the Cu(111) surface.

PMID- 9947328
TI  - Infinite set of crossover exponents of the XY model and f( alpha ) approach.

PMID- 9947329
TI  - Surface retarded modes in multilayered structures: Parallel magnetization.

PMID- 9947331
TI  - Anisotropic Kondo effect in a valence-fluctuating system: CeNiIn.

PMID- 9947330
TI  - Bulk and surface retarded modes in multilayered structures: Antiparallel
      magnetization.

PMID- 9947332
TI  - Electron-phonon interaction mechanism of magnetovolume and magnetoelasticity
      effects in itinerant electron ferromagnets.

PMID- 9947333
TI  - Harmonic magnons in Cd1-xMnxTe and Zn1-xMnxTe.

PMID- 9947334
TI  - W{100} clean surface phase transition studied by core-level-shift spectroscopy:
      Order-order or order-disorder transition.

PMID- 9947336
TI  - Equilibrium polymerization on the equivalent-neighbor lattice.

PMID- 9947335
TI  - Motion of a single hole in a quantum antiferromagnet.

PMID- 9947337
TI  - Time evolution of the nonadiabatic nonlinear quantum dimer.

PMID- 9947338
TI  - Magnetism and local order: Ab initio tight-binding theory.

PMID- 9947339
TI  - Metastable states of Ising spin glasses and random ferromagnets.

PMID- 9947340
TI  - Critical scattering of electrons in CeSb1-xTex.

PMID- 9947341
TI  - Excited-state absorption by Eu2+ in KBr, KCl, and NaCl.

PMID- 9947342
TI  - Thickness and polarization dependence of the magnetooptic signal from ultrathin
      ferromagnetic films.

PMID- 9947343
TI  - Magnetovolume instabilities and ferromagnetism versus antiferromagnetism in bulk
      fcc iron and manganese.

PMID- 9947344
TI  - Band magnetism in the Hubbard model.

PMID- 9947346
TI  - Fluctuations in transmission of waves through disordered slabs.

PMID- 9947345
TI  - Electron-spin-resonance study of two-dimensional antiferromagnet stage-2 MnCl2
      graphite intercalation compound.

PMID- 9947347
TI  - Conductance and exchange coupling of two ferromagnets separated by a tunneling
      barrier.

PMID- 9947348
TI  - Critical behavior in quantum spin chains with composite spin.

PMID- 9947349
TI  - Detection of spin-flip ESR transitions and Arrhenius behavior for the AsO4 4-
      center in the KH2AsO4-type ferroelectric compounds at high temperatures.

PMID- 9947350
TI  - Sublattice-ordered phases of Griffiths's three-component model.

PMID- 9947351
TI  - Global phase diagram for binary alloys with one magnetic component.

PMID- 9947352
TI  - Sublattice-ordered phases in a lattice model for a micellar solution.

PMID- 9947354
TI  - Correspondence between quasiperiodic Schrodinger equations and tight-binding
      Hamiltonians.

PMID- 9947353
TI  - Diffusion and localization in hierarchical potentials.

PMID- 9947356
TI  - Exact-diagonalization study of the effective model for holes in the planar
      antiferromagnet.

PMID- 9947355
TI  - Soliton dynamics and fluctuations in sine-Gordon-like magnetic chains.

PMID- 9947357
TI  - Magnetic phase diagram and anisotropy of pseudoternary (ErxDy1-x)2Fe14B
      compounds.

PMID- 9947359
TI  - Information dimension in fractal structures.

PMID- 9947358
TI  - Monte Carlo studies of anisotropic surface tension and interfacial roughening in
      the three-dimensional Ising model.

PMID- 9947360
TI  - Kohn-Sham density-functional approach to dense magnetic polarons in magnetic
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9947361
TI  - Orientational phase transitions in systems of adsorbed molecules.

PMID- 9947362
TI  - Effect of correlations on the localization properties of electrons and phonons in
      the long-wavelength limit.

PMID- 9947363
TI  - Potts model in a random field.

PMID- 9947364
TI  - Sequences of second-order, first-order, and reentrant phase transitions in
      anisotropic systems with cubic symmetry.

PMID- 9947365
TI  - Solitons in one-dimensional antiferromagnetic chains.

PMID- 9947366
TI  - Fluctuation effects in the herringbone orientational phase transition.

PMID- 9947367
TI  - Proton conductivity in quasi-one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded systems: Nonlinear
      approach.

PMID- 9947368
TI  - Finite-temperature real-time field theories for spin (1/2.

PMID- 9947369
TI  - Relevance of the imaginary-time branch in real-time formalisms for thermodynamic
      equilibrium: Study of the Heisenberg model.

PMID- 9947370
TI  - Collisions of solitary-wave-like objects in a damped driven ferromagnetic system:
      The Bloch wall.

PMID- 9947371
TI  - Numerical investigation of the role of topological defects in the three
      dimensional Heisenberg transition.

PMID- 9947373
TI  - Fluctuations in granular superconductors.

PMID- 9947372
TI  - Effective Lagrangian for holes in the spin-liquid state.

PMID- 9947374
TI  - Nuclear-spin-lattice relaxation in rhenium metal.

PMID- 9947375
TI  - Measurement of cross-relaxation times in Tm2+:SrF2 by optical means.

PMID- 9947376
TI  - Perturbation treatment of the reverse ac Josephson effect.

PMID- 9947378
TI  - Nature of the magnetic order of Gd in superconducting and nonsuperconducting
      GdBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9947377
TI  - Superconductivity in the system Bi2Sr2-xLaxCuO6+ delta : Hole formation by (LaO)+

PMID- 9947379
TI  - Percolation models in granular high-Tc superconductors in the transition region.

PMID- 9947380
TI  - Infrared reflectivity and vibrational structure of superconducting
      Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x.

PMID- 9947381
TI  - Enhanced pairing in the repulsive Hubbard model with next-nearest-neighbor
      hopping.

PMID- 9947382
TI  - Electric birefringence of a binary liquid mixture near the critical consolute
      point.

PMID- 9947383
TI  - Domain growth and scaling in the two-dimensional Langevin model.

PMID- 9947384
TI  - Exact ground state of a class of quantum spin systems.

PMID- 9947385
TI  - Effect of exchange interaction on spin reorientation in the Nd2Fe14B system.

PMID- 9947386
TI  - Influence of external dc electric bias on the nonlinear pyroelectric current.

PMID- 9947387
TI  - Application of real-space renormalization techniques to one-dimensional models.

PMID- 9947388
TI  - Electronic damping of spin waves in disordered itinerant ferromagnets.

PMID- 9947389
TI  - Isobaric electrical resistance along the critical line in nickel: An experimental
      test of universality.

PMID- 9947390
TI  - Scaling of the negative moments of the harmonic measure in diffusion-limited
      aggregates.

PMID- 9947391
TI  - Ultrasonic attenuation and fractal surfaces in porous media.

PMID- 9947392
TI  - Reply to comment "Ultrasonic attenuation and fractal surfaces in porous media"

PMID- 9947393
TI  - Erratum: Coexistence of antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in a mean-field
      theory of high-Tc superconductors

PMID- 9947394
TI  - Ferromagnetic spin interactions between benzene anions: Molecular-orbital
      analysis and the Hubbard model.

PMID- 9947395
TI  - Magnetic pairing in a lattice of Kondo ions: Application to UPt3.

PMID- 9947396
TI  - Flux creep and critcal-current anisotropy in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+ delta.

PMID- 9947397
TI  - Possibility of a resonating-valence-bond state in the high-Tc superconductor
      Bi4Ca3Sr3Cu4O16+x.

PMID- 9947398
TI  - Surface study of the 83-K superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 by low-energy electron
      diffraction and angle-resolved inverse photoemission spectroscopy.

PMID- 9947400
TI  - Hall-effect anomaly in the high-Tc copper-based perovskites.

PMID- 9947399
TI  - Approaching the Mott-Hubbard insulator in the 85-K superconductor
      Bi2(Sr,Ca)3Cu2O8+d by doping with Tm.

PMID- 9947401
TI  - Empty states near the Fermi level in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8.

PMID- 9947402
TI  - NMR evidence for localized spins on Cu(2) sites from Cu NMR in YBa2Cu3O7 and
      YBa2Cu3O6.75 single crystals.

PMID- 9947404
TI  - Flux creep in a polycrystalline Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 superconductor.

PMID- 9947403
TI  - Soft phonon mode in the high-Tc superconductor Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O.

PMID- 9947405
TI  - Photoemission and inverse resonant photoemission studies of Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10+y.

PMID- 9947407
TI  - Phonon echoes in powders of high-Tc superconducting YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9947406
TI  - Eight new high-temperature superconductors with the 1:2:4 structure.

PMID- 9947408
TI  - Inverse photoemission study of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8.

PMID- 9947409
TI  - Direct evidence for the quantum interlayer defect-assisted percolation model of
      cuprate high-Tc superconductivity.

PMID- 9947410
TI  - Resonant-photoemission study of Ba0.6K0.4BiO3.

PMID- 9947411
TI  - Theory for oxygen content and ordering in YBa2Cu3O6+x in equilibrium with oxygen
      gas.

PMID- 9947412
TI  - Origin of resonating-valence-bond states for a Hubbard-type model.

PMID- 9947413
TI  - Spin susceptibility in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 from 63Cu Knight shift.

PMID- 9947414
TI  - Exact mapping from a two-band model for Cu oxides to the single-band Hubbard
      model.

PMID- 9947416
TI  - Spin-fluctuation resonance in mixed-valence materials.

PMID- 9947415
TI  - Low-temperature structure of Ba0.6K0.4BiO3.

PMID- 9947417
TI  - Neutron-spectroscopy measurement of a fracton density of states.

PMID- 9947419
TI  - Time-dependent local perturbation in a free-electron gas: Exact results.

PMID- 9947418
TI  - Multiple-scattering approach to oxygen K near-edge structures in electron-energy
      loss spectroscopy of alkaline earths.

PMID- 9947421
TI  - Exciton-polariton dynamics and photoluminescence line shapes in cadmium
      telluride.

PMID- 9947420
TI  - Electron localization and interaction effects in Au/Si multilayered systems.

PMID- 9947423
TI  - Effect of magnetic field on the heat capacity of Ni3Al alloys.

PMID- 9947422
TI  - Model of metallic cohesion: The embedded-atom method.

PMID- 9947424
TI  - Electronic structure of a NbC0.9(100) surface: Angle-resolved photoemission
      study.

PMID- 9947426
TI  - Atomistic simulation of defect-induced amorphization of binary lattices.

PMID- 9947425
TI  - Electron transmission across an interface of different one-dimensional crystals.

PMID- 9947427
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission and inverse photoemission from Ag(100).

PMID- 9947428
TI  - Hole mobilities in hydrazone-polycarbonate dispersions.

PMID- 9947429
TI  - Electronic theory for solid-solution hardening and softening of dilute Al-based
      alloys: Elastic-moduli enhancement of Al-Li alloys.

PMID- 9947430
TI  - Dynamics of adsorbate core-hole decay. II. Lifetimes.

PMID- 9947431
TI  - Impurity effects on metallic cohesion: Lithium-row atoms in nickel clusters.

PMID- 9947432
TI  - Dynamics of the charge-density-wave mode in (NbSe4)2I.

PMID- 9947433
TI  - Exact solution of a quantum electron-phonon system for a two-site periodic
      cluster.

PMID- 9947434
TI  - Resonance electron scattering from adsorbed molecules: Angular distribution of
      inelastically scattered electrons and application to physisorbed O2 on graphite.

PMID- 9947435
TI  - Weak localization and enhanced electron-electron interaction in amorphous
      Ca70(Mg,Al)30.

PMID- 9947437
TI  - Hopping transport of localized pi electrons in amorphous carbon films.

PMID- 9947436
TI  - Surface-plasmon coupling in cylindrical pores.

PMID- 9947438
TI  - Raman scattering study of SbSBr at high pressure.

PMID- 9947439
TI  - X-ray Raman scattering as a substitute for soft-x-ray extended x-ray-absorption
      fine structure.

PMID- 9947440
TI  - Ordering kinetics of a chemisorbed overlayer: O/W(110).

PMID- 9947441
TI  - Hydrogen hopping rates and hydrogen-hydrogen interactions in PdHx.

PMID- 9947442
TI  - Coulomb interaction and optical absorption in polydiacetylene chains.

PMID- 9947443
TI  - Effect of impurities on the charge-density-wave dynamics in Ta1-xNbx

PMID- 9947444
TI  - Line asymmetry in the x-ray photoelectron spectra of Ar and K implanted in Al.

PMID- 9947445
TI  - Electrical conductivity of ZnS crystals: ZnS crystals as quasi-one-dimensional
      conductors.

PMID- 9947446
TI  - Coupled plasmon and phonon excitations in the space-charge layer on GaAs(110)
      surfaces.

PMID- 9947447
TI  - Dynamical screening in the cooling theory of high-density electron-hole plasmas.

PMID- 9947449
TI  - Classical-trajectory calculations on Ar+ sputtering of a Si(001) surface using an
      ab initio potential.

PMID- 9947448
TI  - Screening of positrons in semiconductors and insulators.

PMID- 9947450
TI  - Two-dimensional excitons in magnetic fields.

PMID- 9947451
TI  - Calculated optical and structural properties of InP under pressure.

PMID- 9947452
TI  - Perimeter magnetoplasmons in tunneling-ring semiconductor superlattices.

PMID- 9947453
TI  - Self-consistent study of the resonant-tunneling diode.

PMID- 9947454
TI  - Optical investigation of the exciton transfer between growth islands of different
      well widths in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9947455
TI  - Geometric and electronic structure of antimony on the GaAs(110) surface studied
      by scanning tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9947456
TI  - Electronic structure of TiSi2.

PMID- 9947457
TI  - Optical properties of quinolinium ditetracyanoquinodimethanide

PMID- 9947459
TI  - Gauge-invariant tight-binding approach to magnetotunneling in superlattices.

PMID- 9947458
TI  - Electronic structure of the Si/GaP(110) interface.

PMID- 9947460
TI  - Photoluminescence of disorder-induced localized states in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs
      superlattices.

PMID- 9947461
TI  - Electronic structure and deep impurity levels in structure-modulated zinc-blende
      wurtzite semiconductor superlattices.

PMID- 9947462
TI  - Interface electronic structures in an InAs/GaAs lattice-mismatched system.

PMID- 9947463
TI  - Model calculations of the quantum ballistic transport in two-dimensional
      constriction-type microstructures.

PMID- 9947464
TI  - Hot-electron magnetophonon resonance in a two-dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9947465
TI  - Renormalization group and dynamical maps for the hierarchical tight-binding
      problem.

PMID- 9947466
TI  - Ab initio calculation of pressure coefficients of band gaps of silicon:
      Comparison of the local-density approximation and quasiparticle results.

PMID- 9947467
TI  - Growth mechanism and clustering phenomena: The Ge-on-Si system.

PMID- 9947468
TI  - Monte Carlo studies of nonequilibrium phonon effects in polar semiconductors and
      quantum wells. I. Laser photoexcitation.

PMID- 9947470
TI  - Vibrational excitations in a-Si1-xCx:H alloys.

PMID- 9947469
TI  - Monte Carlo studies of nonequilibrium phonon effects in polar semiconductors and
      quantum wells. II. Non-Ohmic transport in n-type gallium arsenide.

PMID- 9947471
TI  - Dependence on uniaxial stress of deep levels in III-V compound and group-IV
      elemental semiconductors.

PMID- 9947472
TI  - X-ray-absorption spectroscopy of ZnTe, CdTe, and HgTe: Experimental and
      theoretical study of near-edge structures.

PMID- 9947474
TI  - Effects of temperature on dislocation properties in Xe monolayers.

PMID- 9947473
TI  - Auger effect in the Mn2+ luminescence of CdF2:(Mn,Y) crystals.

PMID- 9947476
TI  - Hi0(Li) and Di0(Li) defects in CaO studied by EPR: Reorientational and
      vibrational features.

PMID- 9947475
TI  - Thermal transport near the glass transition in bulk As-Se glasses.

PMID- 9947477
TI  - Surface vibrations, soft modes, and structural phase transitions of (001) slabs
      of KMnF3 and KZnF3.

PMID- 9947478
TI  - Electronic structure of lithium beryllium hydride.

PMID- 9947479
TI  - Ab initio study of the x-ray edge in alkali metals and alloys.

PMID- 9947480
TI  - Observation of the effect of refraction on x rays diffracted in a grazing
      incidence asymmetric Bragg geometry.

PMID- 9947481
TI  - Photoacoustic measurement of the thermal diffusivity of Pb1-xSnxTe alloys.

PMID- 9947482
TI  - Fractional quantum Hall effect in tilted magnetic fields.

PMID- 9947483
TI  - Local empirical pseudopotential approach to the optical properties of Si/Ge
      superlattices.

PMID- 9947484
TI  - Structures of the heat-treatment centers NL8 and NL10 in silicon.

PMID- 9947486
TI  - dc conductivity and gap energies in the fractional quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9947485
TI  - Intraband absorption of infrared radiation in a semiconductor quantum dot.

PMID- 9947487
TI  - Determination of atom positions at stacking-fault dislocations on Au(111) by
      scanning tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9947488
TI  - Many-body optical-edge singularity in absorption spectra of GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs
      modulation-doped quantum wells.

PMID- 9947489
TI  - Temperature-induced structural phase transition in CaBr2 studied by Raman
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9947490
TI  - Investigation with low-energy electron diffraction of the adsorbate-induced metal
      relaxations in the Cu(100)-(2 x 2)-S surface structure.

PMID- 9947492
TI  - Comment on "Binding and formation energies of native defect pairs in GaAs"

PMID- 9947491
TI  - Reply to "Investigation with low-energy electron diffraction of the adsorbate
      induced metal relaxations in the Cu(100)-(2 x 2)-S surface structure"

PMID- 9947493
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Binding and formation energies of native defect pairs in
      GaAs' "

PMID- 9947494
TI  - Erratum: Band structure of a semimagnetic semiconducting alloy: A photoemission
      study of Cd1-xMnxTe

PMID- 9947495
TI  - Influence of Au overlayers on valence-band offsets for buried CaF2/Si(111)
      interfaces.

PMID- 9947497
TI  - Co/Si(111) interface investigated by bremsstrahlung isochromat spectroscopy and x
      ray-induced photoemission spectroscopy.

PMID- 9947496
TI  - Surface-plasmon-induced desorption by the attenuated-total-reflection method.

PMID- 9947498
TI  - dc and ac soliton conductivity of disordered charge-density-wave systems and long
      Josephson junctions.

PMID- 9947500
TI  - Breakdown of the linear approximation to the Boltzmann transport equation in
      quasi-one-dimensional semiconductors.

PMID- 9947499
TI  - Asymptotic biexciton "binding energy" in quantum dots.

PMID- 9947501
TI  - Infrared photoelectron tunneling spectroscopy of strongly coupled quantum wells.

PMID- 9947502
TI  - Optical investigations of the high-density electron gas in pseudomorphic InxGa1
      xAs quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9947503
TI  - Microstructure and Schottky-barrier height of the Yb/GaAs interface.

PMID- 9947504
TI  - Nonlinear conductance of quantum point contacts.

PMID- 9947505
TI  - Comparison of models for the even-denominator fractional quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9947506
TI  - Direct evidence of the occupied valence states for adsorbed Cs atoms on the
      Si(111) surface.

PMID- 9947507
TI  - Structure and dynamics of the Be-H complex in GaAs.

PMID- 9947508
TI  - Excess elastic energy and the instability of bulk and epitaxial lattice
      mismatched monolayer (001) superlattices.

PMID- 9947509
TI  - Negative magnetoresistance in the variable-range-hopping regime in n-type GaAs.

PMID- 9947510
TI  - Dynamical conductivity of a quasi-one-dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9947512
TI  - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of the chemical structure of
      polyaniline.

PMID- 9947513
TI  - Electronic properties of stable icosahedral alloys.

PMID- 9947511
TI  - Suppression of Shubnikov-de Haas resistance oscillations due to selective
      population or detection of Landau levels: Absence of inter-Landau-level
      scattering on macroscopic length scales.

PMID- 9947514
TI  - Calculated ground-state and optical properties of potassium under pressure.

PMID- 9947515
TI  - Electronic structure of the Ag/Si interface: Angle-resolved, energy-dependent,
      photoemission study.

PMID- 9947517
TI  - Damping and undamping in a simple model of quantum self-trapping.

PMID- 9947516
TI  - Pseudospherical integration scheme for electronic-structure calculations.

PMID- 9947519
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation study of a microscopic model for H diffusion in amorphous
      Pd1-ySiyHx alloys.

PMID- 9947518
TI  - Quasicrystallinity in the Ti2Ni(Si) system.

PMID- 9947520
TI  - Theoretical evaluation of structure factors and computation of coordination
      number, compressibility, and self- and mutual-diffusion coefficients of the Hg-Tl
      alloy.

PMID- 9947522
TI  - Low-temperature ultrasonic relaxation and resonance in RbCl:OH.

PMID- 9947521
TI  - Surface-plasmon dispersion relation for the inhomogeneous charge-density medium.

PMID- 9947523
TI  - Empty-electronic-state evolution for Sc and electron dynamics at the 3p-3d giant
      dipole resonance.

PMID- 9947524
TI  - Nonlocal resistance and magnetoresistance in bulk metals.

PMID- 9947525
TI  - Near-surface Ag distribution in intercalated Ag-TiS2.

PMID- 9947526
TI  - Structural dependence of the 5d-metal surface energies as deduced from surface
      core-level shift measurements.

PMID- 9947527
TI  - Applications of the quadratic Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker band-theory method.

PMID- 9947529
TI  - Quasiparticle excitation spectrum for nearly-free-electron metals.

PMID- 9947528
TI  - Connection between blazes from gratings and enhancements from random rough
      surfaces.

PMID- 9947530
TI  - Kramers-Kronig analysis of reflection electron-energy-loss spectra measured with
      a cylindrical mirror analyzer.

PMID- 9947532
TI  - 67Zn Mossbauer study of zinc metal at high pressure.

PMID- 9947531
TI  - Work function, optical absorption, and second-harmonic generation from alkali
      metal atoms adsorbed on metal surfaces.

PMID- 9947533
TI  - Relationship between Auger and autoionization processes.

PMID- 9947535
TI  - Photoconductivity measurements of x-ray-absorption spectra of tetramethyl tin in
      2,2,4-trimethylpentane near the Sn K edge.

PMID- 9947534
TI  - Surface collective oscillations of metal clusters and spheres: Random-phase
      approximation sum-rules approach.

PMID- 9947537
TI  - Electron scattering by atomic chains: Multiple-scattering effects.

PMID- 9947536
TI  - Electronic structure of metallic and semiconducting alkali-metal-lead compounds.

PMID- 9947538
TI  - Interaction of light with an atom near the surface of a superlattice. I. Periodic
      case.

PMID- 9947539
TI  - Interaction of light with an atom near the surface of a superlattice. II.
      Quasiperiodic case.

PMID- 9947540
TI  - Influence of Coulomb correlation on Landau states in CdTe.

PMID- 9947541
TI  - Triply resonant second-order Raman scattering at the E0 and E0+ Delta 0 gap of
      GaP under uniaxial stress.

PMID- 9947542
TI  - Effects of thermal diffuse scattering and surface tilt on diffraction and
      channeling of fast electrons in CdTe.

PMID- 9947543
TI  - Time-dependent tunneling of electron wave packets in a transverse magnetic field.

PMID- 9947544
TI  - Interference photoconductivity and photoelectromagnetic effect in amorphous
      silicon.

PMID- 9947545
TI  - Possible coexistence of localized and extended states in the quantum Hall effect.

PMID- 9947547
TI  - Properties of the electron-hole plasma in GaAs-(Ga,Al)As quantum wells: The
      influence of the finite well width.

PMID- 9947548
TI  - Short-range order in amorphous germanium-nitrogen alloys studied by extended x
      ray-absorption fine-structure spectroscopy.

PMID- 9947546
TI  - Feynman-Haken path-integral approach for the two-dimensional surface optical
      polaron bound to a Coulomb impurity.

PMID- 9947550
TI  - Excitons in one-phonon resonant Raman scattering: Deformation-potential
      interaction.

PMID- 9947549
TI  - Transient optical reflectivity from bounded nonlocal media: Normal incidence.

PMID- 9947551
TI  - Electron spin resonance in amorphous silicon doped with Gd.

PMID- 9947552
TI  - Spatial dispersion effects on the optical properties of an insulator-excitonic
      semiconductor superlattice.

PMID- 9947554
TI  - Semiconductor-quasimetal transition of heavily doped trans-polyacetylene.

PMID- 9947553
TI  - Structural determination of crystalline silicon by extended energy-loss fine
      structure spectroscopy.

PMID- 9947555
TI  - Asymptotic forms of electrostatic potentials in zero-band-gap semiconductors:
      Bulk versus surface screening.

PMID- 9947556
TI  - Electron-lattice-interaction-induced localization in semiconducting compounds.

PMID- 9947557
TI  - Diffuse scattering of x rays at grazing angles from near-surface defects in
      crystals.

PMID- 9947558
TI  - Resonance Raman scattering in GaAs/AlAs thin-layer superlattices under high
      pressure.

PMID- 9947559
TI  - Hot-carrier screening in semiconductors: A Boltzmann-equation approach.

PMID- 9947560
TI  - Quantum kinetic-equation approach to semiconductor hot-carrier screening.

PMID- 9947562
TI  - Calculation and interpretation of the electronic properties of superlattices.

PMID- 9947561
TI  - Bias-induced nonlinearities in the dc I-V characteristics of neutron
      transmutation-doped germanium at liquid-4He temperatures.

PMID- 9947563
TI  - Phonon-assisted optical absorption by excitons in semiconductor quantum wells.

PMID- 9947564
TI  - Energetics and valence-band offset of the CaF2/Si insulator-on-semiconductor
      interface.

PMID- 9947565
TI  - Impurity levels, impurity bands, excited impurity bands, and band tails: The
      electronic density of states in quantum wells and heterostructures.

PMID- 9947566
TI  - Excited states and their relaxation dynamics in trans-polyacetylene.

PMID- 9947567
TI  - "Hall crystal" versus Wigner crystal.

PMID- 9947568
TI  - Spin relaxation in type-II GaAs/AlAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9947570
TI  - Raman scattering in GaAs/AlAs superlattices with Fibonacci structure.

PMID- 9947569
TI  - Coherent electron focusing with quantum point contacts in a two-dimensional
      electron gas.

PMID- 9947571
TI  - Empirical tight-binding force model for molecular-dynamics simulation of Si.

PMID- 9947572
TI  - Silicon (111) 2 x 1 surface states: K-edge transitions and surface-selective
      L2,3VV Auger line shape.

PMID- 9947573
TI  - Evaluation of the temperature-dependent dielectric function in the valence band
      of zinc-blende-type semiconductors.

PMID- 9947574
TI  - Subbands and excitons in GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wells with different shapes in
      an electric field.

PMID- 9947575
TI  - Chemical activity of hydrogen in a Si lattice.

PMID- 9947576
TI  - Far-infrared spectra of N2-Ar alloys.

PMID- 9947577
TI  - Low-energy electron diffraction study of incommensurate H2, HD, and D2 monolayers
      physisorbed on graphite.

PMID- 9947578
TI  - Dynamics of a frustrated rare-gas monolayer adsorbed on a MgO(100) substrate.

PMID- 9947580
TI  - Raman-scattering study of the Li+ and FA(Li+) centers in KBr.

PMID- 9947579
TI  - Numerical simulation of the optical spectra of Frenkel excitons in disordered
      systems.

PMID- 9947581
TI  - Phonon dispersion and lattice dynamics of KTaO3 from 4 to 1220 K.

PMID- 9947582
TI  - Pressure effects on Raman scattering from solid HF and DF.

PMID- 9947583
TI  - Deactivation of Al-M+ and Al-OH- centers in quartz by use of the Smoluchowski
      approach.

PMID- 9947584
TI  - Luminescence of Cr3+ in sillimanite.

PMID- 9947585
TI  - Onset of rigidity in Se1-xGex glasses: Ultrasonic elastic moduli.

PMID- 9947586
TI  - Staging properties of potassium-ammonia ternary graphite intercalation compounds
      at high ammonia pressure.

PMID- 9947588
TI  - Electronic structure and magnetism in VPt3.

PMID- 9947587
TI  - Role of rediffused primary electrons in secondary-electron ejection from a
      Cu(100) surface.

PMID- 9947589
TI  - Mesoscopic conductance fluctuations in the presence of spin-orbit coupling and
      Zeeman splitting.

PMID- 9947590
TI  - Angular dependence of the magnetoresistance of potassium films at 4.2 K.

PMID- 9947591
TI  - Optical enhancement of a cold-evaporated silver surface studied with second
      harmonic generation.

PMID- 9947593
TI  - Ultrasonic properties of quasi-one-dimensional blue bronze K0.3MoO3.

PMID- 9947592
TI  - Scattering of a surface-skimming bulk transverse wave by an elastic ridge.

PMID- 9947594
TI  - Resonant-tunneling lifetime comparison between double-barrier and delta -doped
      barrier structures.

PMID- 9947596
TI  - Impurity photoconductivity spectra of ZnGa2Se4:Co2+ single crystals.

PMID- 9947595
TI  - Excitons in ZnSe-ZnS strained-layer superlattices.

PMID- 9947597
TI  - Photodarkening in amorphous Ge1-xSnxSe2 films.

PMID- 9947598
TI  - Raman study of the incommensurate structural phase transition in BaMnF4.

PMID- 9947599
TI  - Mossbauer study of the Al-Fe decagonal phase.

PMID- 9947600
TI  - Resonant-tunneling effects in a parabolic quantum well obtained by application of
      crossed magnetic and electric fields in a semiconductor quantum barrier.

PMID- 9947601
TI  - Magnetoconductance measurements in the variable-range-hopping regime.

PMID- 9947602
TI  - Broken-dimer model in a-Si:H.

PMID- 9947603
TI  - Novel features of quantum conduction in a constriction.

PMID- 9947604
TI  - Doping-induced suppression of dislocation formation in semiconductors.

PMID- 9947605
TI  - Exact solutions for hydrogenic donor states in a spherically rectangular quantum
      well.

PMID- 9947606
TI  - Glass in a stretched state formed by negative-pressure vitrification: Trapping in
      and relaxing out.

PMID- 9947607
TI  - Optical-absorption and photoionization measurements from the excited states of
      Ce3+:Y3Al5O12.

PMID- 9947608
TI  - ESR of Mn2+ in AlCl3-graphite intercalated compounds.

PMID- 9947609
TI  - Electronic structure and positron annihilation in LaB6 and CeB6.

PMID- 9947610
TI  - EPR of VO2+-doped K2C2O4

PMID- 9947611
TI  - Many-electron effects in L gamma 2,3 x-ray emission spectroscopy spectrum of BaO.

PMID- 9947612
TI  - Many-electron effects in L gamma 2,3 x-ray emission spectroscopy of rare-earth
      elements.

PMID- 9947613
TI  - Forward-backward transport theories of ion-solid interactions: Variational
      approach.

PMID- 9947614
TI  - Spatial instabilities and dislocation-loop ordering in irradiated materials.

PMID- 9947615
TI  - Correlations in disordered crystals and diffuse scattering of x rays or neutrons.

PMID- 9947616
TI  - Diffuse scattering of x rays or neutrons from binary alloys and null matrices.

PMID- 9947618
TI  - Spin dynamics and magnetic properties of two-dimensional systems MPX3 from 31P
      NMR and relaxation.

PMID- 9947617
TI  - Excited-state absorption of Cr3+ in LiCaAlF6: Effects of asymmetric distortions
      and intensity selection rules.

PMID- 9947619
TI  - Dissipation in two-fluid flow of HeII.

PMID- 9947620
TI  - Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in helium films.

PMID- 9947621
TI  - Transport properties of anisotropic superconductors: Influence of arbitrary
      electron-impurity phase shifts.

PMID- 9947622
TI  - Coupled two-order-parameter approach to granular superconductors.

PMID- 9947623
TI  - Gapless fermions and gauge fields in dielectrics.

PMID- 9947625
TI  - Exact calculation of the two-electron interaction in the ground state of the
      Hubbard model.

PMID- 9947624
TI  - Dissipative quantum mechanics of a particle in the washboard potential:
      Application to the Josephson junction.

PMID- 9947626
TI  - Transport studies of La2-xSrxCuO4 near the insulator-metal-superconductor
      transition.

PMID- 9947627
TI  - Determination of dopant site occupancies in Cu-substituted YBa2Cu3O7- delta by
      differential anomalous x-ray scattering.

PMID- 9947628
TI  - Calculation of Coulomb-interaction parameters for La2CuO4 using a constrained
      density-functional approach.

PMID- 9947629
TI  - Effect of grain boundaries on magnetic field penetration in polycrystalline
      superconductors.

PMID- 9947631
TI  - Reproducible magnetic features of high-Tc superconductors in weak fields.

PMID- 9947630
TI  - Theory of Raman scattering from gap excitations in weakly coupled high
      temperature superconductors.

PMID- 9947632
TI  - Resistivity changes and defect mobility in ion-irradiated YBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9947634
TI  - Preparation, characterization, and superconducting properties of tetragonal
      LaBaCaCu3O7+ delta.

PMID- 9947633
TI  - Oxygen in-diffusion processes in tetragonal YBa2Cu3O7-x oxide.

PMID- 9947636
TI  - Formation of the 110-K superconducting phase via the amorphous state in the Bi-Sr
      Ca-Cu-O system.

PMID- 9947635
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission investigation of the electronic band properties of
      YBa2Cu3O7-x(001).

PMID- 9947637
TI  - Low-dimensional magnetic ordering and Ising- and XY-like anisotropy of Er3+ in
      the system ErBa2Cu3Ox with 6<x<7.

PMID- 9947638
TI  - Electric-quadrupole interaction at the Eu site in a high-Tc superconductor
      EuBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9947639
TI  - Superconductivity in layered materials with intralayer and interlayer couplings.

PMID- 9947640
TI  - Antiferromagnetism in (Ca0.85Sr0.15)CuO2, the parent of the cuprate family of
      superconducting compounds.

PMID- 9947641
TI  - Preparation and properties of superconducting La1+xBa2-xCu3Oy (0 <= x <= 0.5)
      ceramics sintered in N2 gas atmosphere.

PMID- 9947642
TI  - Critical currents and current-voltage characteristics in superconducting ceramic
      YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9947643
TI  - Properties of the slightly doped large-U Hubbard model.

PMID- 9947645
TI  - Mean-field theories of the two-band model and the magnetism in high-Tc oxides.

PMID- 9947644
TI  - Theory of melted flux liquids.

PMID- 9947646
TI  - Nickel impurities in the Y-Ba-Cu-O 90-K superconductor.

PMID- 9947648
TI  - High-temperature resistivity of RBa2Cu3O7-y, where R=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho,
      Er, and Tm.

PMID- 9947647
TI  - Calculation of the interaction parameters related to the Hubbard model.

PMID- 9947649
TI  - Cumulative recursive variational wave functions for the Heisenberg
      antiferromagnet.

PMID- 9947650
TI  - Applications of the polarizability model to various displacive-type ferroelectric
      systems.

PMID- 9947651
TI  - Thermodynamic functions of the S=(1/2 one-dimensional ferromagnet via the
      renormalization-group approach and Green's function technique.

PMID- 9947652
TI  - Conduction in inhomogeneous materials: Hot and high-field spots.

PMID- 9947653
TI  - Large currents in random resistor networks.

PMID- 9947654
TI  - Field dependence of the ac susceptibility of the spin-density-wave incommensurate
      system YGd.

PMID- 9947655
TI  - Critical behavior of hydrogen.

PMID- 9947656
TI  - Melting and magnetic ordering in transition-metal microclusters.

PMID- 9947657
TI  - Pseudospin-phonon coupling model for martensitic transformation in bcc-based
      alloys.

PMID- 9947658
TI  - Critical behavior of the two-dimensional uniformly frustrated charged Coulomb
      gas.

PMID- 9947659
TI  - Brittle fracture in materials with random defects.

PMID- 9947660
TI  - Phase transitions in the perovskitelike A2BX4 structure.

PMID- 9947661
TI  - Ideal quasicrystal facets: A Monte Carlo study.

PMID- 9947663
TI  - Molecular-dynamics studies of crystal defects and melting.

PMID- 9947662
TI  - Antiferromagnetic correlations of heavy-fermion systems studied in the Zou
      Anderson model with spin-orbit coupling.

PMID- 9947664
TI  - Roughness, spatial, and temporal correlations of an interface in a driven
      nonequilibrium lattice gas.

PMID- 9947665
TI  - Quantum and nonlocal coherent effects in Boltzmann gases.

PMID- 9947666
TI  - Universal critical amplitude ratios in CHF3.

PMID- 9947668
TI  - Long-range hopping in substitutionally disordered solids.

PMID- 9947667
TI  - Monte Carlo study of phase transitions in a confined lattice gas.

PMID- 9947669
TI  - Effective-medium approximation for the dynamical excitations of percolating
      antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9947670
TI  - Magnetic behavior of CeFe2: Effects of Ru, Rh, and Pd substitutions.

PMID- 9947671
TI  - Fourier-accelerated Langevin simulation of the frustrated XY model.

PMID- 9947672
TI  - Diffusive disordering kinetics in one dimension.

PMID- 9947673
TI  - Early-time spinodal decomposition in the surface layer.

PMID- 9947674
TI  - Magnetic ordering in erbium iron manganese boron compounds.

PMID- 9947675
TI  - Extended Hubbard model in two dimensions.

PMID- 9947677
TI  - Critical dynamics of the kinetic Ising model on regular fractals.

PMID- 9947676
TI  - Effect of quantum fluctuations on the Peierls dimerization in the one-dimensional
      molecular-crystal model.

PMID- 9947678
TI  - Dynamical scaling in the domain growth of a chemisorbed overlayer: W(112)(2 x 1)
      O.

PMID- 9947679
TI  - Impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering studies of the ferroelectric phase
      transition in tris-sarcosine calcium chloride.

PMID- 9947680
TI  - Characterization of strange attractors in spin-wave chaos.

PMID- 9947682
TI  - Methods of evaluation of elastic constants and several other properties using
      radial distribution functions.

PMID- 9947681
TI  - Magnetostriction of rare-earth random magnetic anisotropy spin glasses.

PMID- 9947683
TI  - Molecular-dynamics simulations for molecular-beam epitaxy: Overlayer growth
      pattern in two-component Lennard-Jones systems.

PMID- 9947684
TI  - Reassessment of critical exponents and corrections to scaling for self-avoiding
      walks.

PMID- 9947685
TI  - Magneto-optic rotation and ellipticity of ultrathin ferromagnetic films.

PMID- 9947686
TI  - Transverse wall instabilities on a driven, damped two-dimensional lattice system.

PMID- 9947688
TI  - Size-dependent properties of two-dimensional solids.

PMID- 9947687
TI  - Unified model of conductivity and membrane potential of porous media.

PMID- 9947690
TI  - Quantum correction to the equation of state of an electron gas in a
      semiconductor.

PMID- 9947689
TI  - Correlated percolation with long-range interactions.

PMID- 9947691
TI  - Holographic investigation of Pb0.9La0.1(Zr0.65Ti0.35)0.975O3 close to the diffuse
      phase transition.

PMID- 9947692
TI  - Phase transition of transverse Ising model in a random field.

PMID- 9947693
TI  - Monte Carlo study of self-avoiding walks on a critical percolation cluster.

PMID- 9947695
TI  - M4,5N4,5X Auger line shapes of La compounds from one-step model calculations.

PMID- 9947694
TI  - Virial theorem for Ginzburg-Landau theories with potential applications to
      numerical studies of type-II superconductors.

PMID- 9947696
TI  - Ejection of atoms upon self-trapping of an atomic exciton in solid argon.

PMID- 9947698
TI  - Algorithm for computer simulations of flux-lattice melting in type-II
      superconductors.

PMID- 9947697
TI  - Direct observation of an incommensurate solid-solid interface.

PMID- 9947699
TI  - Quasiparticle states in f-electron compounds from the multiband Hubbard model.

PMID- 9947701
TI  - Explanation of the superconducting suspension effect.

PMID- 9947700
TI  - Asymptotic limit for the thermodynamics of a boson-exchange superconductor.

PMID- 9947703
TI  - Umklapp electron-electron scattering resistivity of half-filled copper-oxygen
      chains and planes.

PMID- 9947702
TI  - Electromagnetic interactions between fluctuations near the superconducting phase
      transition.

PMID- 9947704
TI  - Photoemission and oxygen K-edge absorption studies of Ba(Pb,Bi)O3.

PMID- 9947705
TI  - Nonlinear temperature dependence of the normal-state resistivity in YBa2Cu4O8+/-
      delta films.

PMID- 9947706
TI  - Trapped flux, diamagnetic shielding, and Meissner effect in a disk of YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9947708
TI  - Nature of copper in the new cuprate superconductors Pb2Sr2Ca1-xLxCu3O8+ delta.

PMID- 9947707
TI  - Irreversibility in the microwave absorption of ceramic Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9947709
TI  - Space symmetry of the basic structure and incommensurate modulations in
      (Pb,Bi)2Sr2CaCu2Ox superconductor single crystals.

PMID- 9947711
TI  - Prototype symmetry of the ferroelastic superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9947710
TI  - Critical current in polycrystalline Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O films.

PMID- 9947713
TI  - Electric-field-dependent resistance moments in one-dimensional disordered
      systems.

PMID- 9947712
TI  - Zero-temperature scaling for Potts spin glasses.

PMID- 9947714
TI  - Impurity pinning of charge-density waves and spin-density waves.

PMID- 9947716
TI  - Peripheral roughening in a monolayer: A molecular-dynamics study.

PMID- 9947715
TI  - Spreading pressure study of the commensurate solid to domain-wall fluid
      transition of monolayer 4He on graphite.

PMID- 9947717
TI  - Interface growth in a two-dimensional Ising model.

PMID- 9947718
TI  - Preasymptotic dynamical exponent in conserved order-parameter phase ordering
      dynamics.

PMID- 9947720
TI  - Comment on "Temporal fluctuation of multiply scattered light in a random medium"

PMID- 9947719
TI  - Comment on "Mossbauer sidebands from a single parent line"

PMID- 9947721
TI  - Erratum: "Zero-temperature phase diagram of mixed-stack charge-transfer crystals"

PMID- 9947722
TI  - Impurity-induced magnetic fields in unconventional superconductors.

PMID- 9947723
TI  - Positron annihilation in high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9947724
TI  - Search for superconductivity in an extended Hubbard model.

PMID- 9947725
TI  - Electronic structure of YBa2Cu3O7- delta including strong correlation effects.

PMID- 9947726
TI  - Random-phase approximation in the fractional-statistics gas.

PMID- 9947727
TI  - Heat capacity of superconducting Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 near Tc.

PMID- 9947728
TI  - Microstructure of Pb2Sr2ACu3O8 superconductors: New structures and
      superstructures.

PMID- 9947729
TI  - Elastic constants of the polycrystalline Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor.

PMID- 9947731
TI  - Binding of holes in one-band models of oxide superconductors.

PMID- 9947730
TI  - High-energy spin and charge excitations in La2CuO4.

PMID- 9947732
TI  - Electronic structure of BaPb1-xBixO3.

PMID- 9947733
TI  - Electron and hole doping in Nd-based cuprates with single-layer CuO2 sheets: Role
      of doped Ce ions and 30-K superconductivity.

PMID- 9947734
TI  - Quasi-two-dimensional phase fluctuations in bulk superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 single
      crystals.

PMID- 9947735
TI  - Nonbolometric optical response of YBa2Cu3O7- delta epitaxial films.

PMID- 9947737
TI  - Hysteresis loops of Cu-Mn thin spin-glass systems.

PMID- 9947736
TI  - Nonlinear microwave absorption in ceramic superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9947738
TI  - Surface melting in a two-dimensional model.

PMID- 9947740
TI  - Exact real-space renormalization-group approach for the local electronic Green's
      functions on an infinite Fibonacci chain.

PMID- 9947739
TI  - Antiferromagnetic ordering in Co-Cu single-crystal superlattices.

PMID- 9947741
TI  - Critical approach to the coherence transition in Kondo lattices.

PMID- 9947742
TI  - Ferroelectricity in perovskitelike NaCaF3 predicted ab initio.

PMID- 9947743
TI  - Surface areas of fractally rough particles studied by scattering.

PMID- 9947744
TI  - Boundary-condition effects on the surface magnetization of Ising ferromagnets.

PMID- 9947745
TI  - Charged solitons in the Hartree-Fock approximation to the large-U Hubbard model.

PMID- 9947746
TI  - Basal-plane birefringence and magnetic ordering in hexagonal antiferromagnets
      CsNiX3 (X=C1, Br).

PMID- 9947748
TI  - Thermodynamic parameters of the T=0, spin-1/2 square-lattice Heisenberg
      antiferromagnet.

PMID- 9947747
TI  - Localization and long-range order in magnetic chains.

PMID- 9947749
TI  - Critical behavior of surface-layer magnetization at bulk Tc: Extraordinary
      transition.

PMID- 9947750
TI  - Energy gap, dynamic correlations, and correlation length in two-dimensional
      antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9947751
TI  - Atomistic growth mechanisms for the molecular-beam epitaxy of a model system.

PMID- 9947752
TI  - Magnetic properties of icosahedral alloys: The case of Al65Cu20Fe15.

PMID- 9947753
TI  - Effect of pressure on the Fermi surface of noble metals.

PMID- 9947754
TI  - Correlation effects in hopping conductivity.

PMID- 9947755
TI  - Optical effects of multipole interaction in aggregated structures: Rigorous
      scattering solution for a periodic chain of cylinders.

PMID- 9947756
TI  - Metal-insulator transition in thin nickel films.

PMID- 9947758
TI  - Extended fine Auger structure spectroscopy of Ag and Cu.

PMID- 9947757
TI  - Ag2O band structure and x-ray-absorption near-edge spectra.

PMID- 9947759
TI  - Optical properties of a suspension of metal spheres.

PMID- 9947760
TI  - Spin-dependent photoemission intensities from platinum (111).

PMID- 9947761
TI  - Conduction-electron g factors in the noble metals.

PMID- 9947763
TI  - Electronic structure of Ni-Cu alloys studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry.

PMID- 9947762
TI  - Ion-beam mixing of Al-V films: Structure and Hall effect.

PMID- 9947764
TI  - Decay of molecules at corrugated thin metal films.

PMID- 9947766
TI  - Inflation rules, band structure, and localization of electronic states in a two
      dimensional Penrose lattice.

PMID- 9947767
TI  - Spontaneous decay of long-wavelength surface acoustic phonons.

PMID- 9947768
TI  - Anisotropy of electrical conductivity in aluminum trichloride-intercalated
      graphite.

PMID- 9947765
TI  - Effect of an ac electric field on phase coherence in thin metal films.

PMID- 9947769
TI  - Conductance fluctuations in thin silver films.

PMID- 9947770
TI  - Resonant enhancement of the electron-energy-loss cross section due to excitation
      of surface plasmons.

PMID- 9947771
TI  - Exchange-correlation potentials in density-functional and spin-density-functional
      theory.

PMID- 9947773
TI  - Properties of the surface diffusion of sulfur on nickel and the effects of
      surface defects.

PMID- 9947772
TI  - Silver-island films deposited on a substrate above its softening temperature.

PMID- 9947774
TI  - Corrected effective-medium method. IV. Bulk cohesive and surface energies of
      second- and third-row metals and multilayer relaxation of Al, Fe, and Ni.

PMID- 9947776
TI  - Scanning tunneling microscopy of the subsurface structures of tungsten
      ditelluride and molybdenum ditelluride.

PMID- 9947775
TI  - Nb2 dimer: Examination of singlet or triplet character.

PMID- 9947777
TI  - High-pressure Raman study of the Peierls distortion in linear-chain gold
      complexes AuX2(dibenzylsulfide) (X2=Cl2,Br2).

PMID- 9947779
TI  - Low-temperature electronic transport properties of W, Mo, Ta, and Zr thin films.

PMID- 9947778
TI  - Diagrammatic approach to the effective dielectric response of composites.

PMID- 9947781
TI  - Electronic damping of adsorbate fundamental and overtone vibrations at metal
      surfaces.

PMID- 9947780
TI  - Macroscopic approach to the theory of reflectivity.

PMID- 9947782
TI  - Magnetic and structural properties of stage-1 NiCl2-graphite intercalation
      compounds.

PMID- 9947783
TI  - Raman spectra of c-Si1-xGex alloys.

PMID- 9947784
TI  - Energetics of DX-center formation in GaAs and AlxGa1-xAs alloys.

PMID- 9947785
TI  - Nonequilibrium simulation method for the study of directed thermal processing.

PMID- 9947786
TI  - Zeeman splittings of optical transitions at the L point of the Brillouin zone in
      semimagnetic semiconductors.

PMID- 9947787
TI  - Evidence for a stress-induced incommensurate-to-commensurate charge-density-wave
      transition in TaS3.

PMID- 9947788
TI  - Lightly doped and compensated quantum well: A Monte Carlo simulation.

PMID- 9947789
TI  - Nonequilibrium effects in the channeling of energetic particles through ultrathin
      Si/Ge/Si heterostructures: A Monte Carlo study.

PMID- 9947790
TI  - Dependence of transition-metal impurity levels on host composition in III-V
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9947791
TI  - Photochemical etching of silicon: The influence of photogenerated charge
      carriers.

PMID- 9947792
TI  - Excitonic spectra of asymmetric, coupled double quantum wells in electric fields.

PMID- 9947794
TI  - Total-energy study of the equation of state of HgTe and HgSe.

PMID- 9947793
TI  - Chemisorption bonding, site preference, and chain formation at the K/Si(001)2 x 1
      interface.

PMID- 9947795
TI  - Positron trapping at vacancies in electron-irradiated Si at low temperatures.

PMID- 9947796
TI  - Massive polarons in large-energy-gap polymers.

PMID- 9947797
TI  - Instability of the free surface of undoped a-Si:H studied by photoluminescence
      and electron-spin-resonance measurements.

PMID- 9947798
TI  - Hall coefficient of insulating n-type CdSe.

PMID- 9947800
TI  - Post-transit time-of-flight currents as a probe of the density of states in
      hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9947799
TI  - Coupling of plasmons to polar phonons in GaAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9947801
TI  - Biexciton states in semiconductor quantum dots and their nonlinear optical
      properties.

PMID- 9947803
TI  - Optical-absorption spectrum of CdGa2Se4:Co2+

PMID- 9947802
TI  - Magnetic-field-dependent self-consistent electronic structure of an inversion
      layer in the two-subband state.

PMID- 9947805
TI  - Quasistationary-energy-level calculation for thin double-barrier GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs
      heterostructures.

PMID- 9947804
TI  - Charge transfer and core-hole screening in PbTe.

PMID- 9947806
TI  - Light-induced effects on the rapidly cooled state in hydrogenated amorphous
      silicon.

PMID- 9947807
TI  - Structural properties of epitaxial NiSi2 on Si(111) investigated with x-ray
      standing waves.

PMID- 9947808
TI  - Electronic and nonlinear-optical properties of some mixed thiogallates,
      selenogallates, and tellurogallates as candidates for laser device applications.

PMID- 9947810
TI  - Anisotropic hyperpolarizabilities in alkali halide crystals.

PMID- 9947809
TI  - Decay process of the Mg 2p core exciton in magnesium halides studied by
      photoelectron spectroscopy.

PMID- 9947811
TI  - Dynamical structure factor of alpha -AgI.

PMID- 9947813
TI  - Incommensurate phase in lead monoxide alpha -PbO below 208 K.

PMID- 9947812
TI  - X-ray-absorption and -emission spectra of a K2PdCl6 crystal studied by the self
      consistent-charge extended Huckel method.

PMID- 9947814
TI  - Stress-induced splitting of the vibrational absorption of the CN- ion in alkali
      halide crystals.

PMID- 9947815
TI  - Luminescence of F and F+ centers in magnesium oxide.

PMID- 9947816
TI  - Correlation in the Auger spectrum of polyethylene.

PMID- 9947817
TI  - Self-consistent tight-binding theory of elasticity in ionic solids.

PMID- 9947819
TI  - Chemical order in the glassy AsxS1-x system: An x-ray-absorption spectroscopy
      study.

PMID- 9947818
TI  - Multilayer structure of nitrogen adsorbed on graphite.

PMID- 9947820
TI  - Far-infrared difference-band absorption in potassium iodide.

PMID- 9947821
TI  - Calculation of the lifetimes for intermediate Rydberg states.

PMID- 9947822
TI  - Tin at high pressure: An energy-dispersive x-ray-diffraction study to 120 GPa.

PMID- 9947824
TI  - Exact solution of approximate density functionals for the kinetic energy of the
      electron gas.

PMID- 9947823
TI  - Coexistence of localized, critical, and extended states in a one-dimensional
      substitutional non-Fibonaccian quasicrystal: A multifractal analysis.

PMID- 9947825
TI  - Layer rigidity and spacing in intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9947826
TI  - Secular equation of Korringa, Kohn, and Rostoker for the case of non-muffin-tin,
      space-filling potential cells.

PMID- 9947827
TI  - Photoquenching effect and thermal recovery process for midgap levels in GaAs: An
      EL2 family in GaAs.

PMID- 9947829
TI  - Theoretical contribution to the study of an a-Si/Ge0.2Si0.8(111) interfacial
      structure.

PMID- 9947828
TI  - Azimuthal dependence of the vibrational excitation in Si(111)-(2 x 1).

PMID- 9947831
TI  - Absence of a persistent photocurrent in undoped semi-insulating Bridgman GaAs
      containing EL2 and carbon.

PMID- 9947830
TI  - Thermally induced oxidation of GaAs(110) by a Rb oxide overlayer.

PMID- 9947832
TI  - Theory of positron diffusion in semiconductors.

PMID- 9947833
TI  - Short-range local order of the Co/Si(111) interface studied by the extended Auger
      fine-structure technique.

PMID- 9947834
TI  - Optical absorption of KTa1-xNbxO3 single crystals.

PMID- 9947835
TI  - Infrared-to-visible conversion following sub-band-gap excitation in MgS:Eu,Sm.

PMID- 9947837
TI  - Cation impurity effects on F2+:O2- color-center formation in NaCl.

PMID- 9947836
TI  - Orientation of NCO- in KBr derived from polarized Raman scattering.

PMID- 9947838
TI  - Comment on "Energy-band equation for a general periodic potential"

PMID- 9947839
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Energy-band equation for a general periodic potential' "

PMID- 9947840
TI  - Comment on "Optically detected magnetic resonance in oxygen-doped GaP"

PMID- 9947842
TI  - Comment on "Electron drift mobility in doped amorphous silicon"

PMID- 9947841
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Optically detected magnetic resonance in oxygen-doped GaP'
      "

PMID- 9947843
TI  - Erratum: Structural and optical properties of MgGa2Se

PMID- 9947844
TI  - Brillouin light-scattering intensities for thin magnetic films with large
      perpendicular anisotropies.

PMID- 9947845
TI  - Evaluation of the exchange-correlation potential at a metal surface from many
      body perturbation theory.

PMID- 9947846
TI  - Quantum-mechanical origin of the asymptotic effective potential at metal
      surfaces.

PMID- 9947847
TI  - Intrinsic negative-resistance effect in mixed-stack charge-transfer crystals.

PMID- 9947848
TI  - Magnetotransport and nonadditivity of point-contact resistances in series.

PMID- 9947849
TI  - Density of states in short-period Si/Ge superlattices.

PMID- 9947850
TI  - Resonant conduction in ballistic quantum channels.

PMID- 9947851
TI  - Destabilization of the Si(111) pi -bonded chain structure upon Cs adsorption.

PMID- 9947852
TI  - Evidence for an inhomogeneity size effect in narrow GaAs/ AlxGa1-xAs
      constrictions.

PMID- 9947853
TI  - Subband structure of a nearly free, uniform-density, dilute electron system in a
      wide quantum well.

PMID- 9947854
TI  - Dynamic morphology of the nonequilibrium solid-melt interface in silicon.

PMID- 9947856
TI  - Fermi-level-dependent mobility-lifetime product in a-Si:H.

PMID- 9947855
TI  - Optical activity of the EL2 metastable state under hydrostatic pressure.

PMID- 9947857
TI  - Low-energy excitations in the mixed crystal Ba1-xLaxF2+x.

PMID- 9947859
TI  - Temperature dependence of resonance signatures in atom-surface scattering.

PMID- 9947858
TI  - Trajectory analysis of low-energy and hyperthermal ions scattered from Cu(110).

PMID- 9947861
TI  - Quantum-solid behavior and the electronic structure of the light alkali metals.

PMID- 9947860
TI  - Simple octagonal and dodecagonal quasicrystals.

PMID- 9947863
TI  - Effect of spin-density waves on the lattice dynamics of lead.

PMID- 9947862
TI  - Continuum model of thin-film deposition and growth.

PMID- 9947864
TI  - X-ray-absorption study of the interaction of hydrogen with clusters of supported
      palladium.

PMID- 9947866
TI  - Magnetic and structural investigation of the composition dependence of the local
      order in amorphous Tb-Fe.

PMID- 9947865
TI  - Determinantal solution of the density matrix in quantum transport theory.

PMID- 9947867
TI  - Lattice-gas model for the formation of palladium-silver hydrides at pressures up
      to 100 GPa.

PMID- 9947868
TI  - Faceting in bond-oriented systems with icosahedral and decagonal symmetry.

PMID- 9947869
TI  - X-ray determination of the modulation potential in a stage-2 potassium-graphite
      intercalation compound.

PMID- 9947870
TI  - Selectively excited emission and Tb3+-->Ce3+ energy transfer in yttrium aluminum
      garnet.

PMID- 9947871
TI  - Exact theories for light, x-ray, electron, and neutron diffractions from planar
      media with periodic structures.

PMID- 9947872
TI  - Surface-extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure experiments at atmospheric
      pressure by means of a photocathode proportional counter with monolayer
      sensitivity.

PMID- 9947873
TI  - Structure of the energy spectrum for a two-dimensional quasicrystal: Perturbation
      method.

PMID- 9947875
TI  - Fermi surface in local-density-functional theory and in gradient expansions.

PMID- 9947874
TI  - Valence admixture in the EuxRh1-x amorphous alloys.

PMID- 9947876
TI  - Surface transverse elastic waves in N-layer superlattices.

PMID- 9947877
TI  - Long-range carrier-mediated Cu-Cu interactions and low-temperature transitions in
      the quasi-one-dimensional CuxNi1-x(phthalocyanine)I alloys.

PMID- 9947878
TI  - Pressure-induced neutral-to-ionic phase transition in organic charge-transfer
      crystals of tetrathiafulvalene-p-benzoquinone derivatives.

PMID- 9947879
TI  - Spectroscopy and transient photoconductivity of partially crystalline
      polyaniline.

PMID- 9947880
TI  - Diffraction of He and Ne from Ni(113): A comparative study.

PMID- 9947881
TI  - Nonlocal corrections to Fresnel optics: How to extend d-parameter theory beyond
      jellium models.

PMID- 9947883
TI  - Reduction of low-frequency noise in metals by a magnetic field: Observability of
      the transition between random-matrix ensembles.

PMID- 9947882
TI  - Internal oxidation of In and Cd impurities in silver.

PMID- 9947884
TI  - Photoemission studies of interface chemistry and Schottky barriers for ZnSe(100)
      with Ti, Co, Cu, Pd, Ag, Au, Ce, and Al.

PMID- 9947885
TI  - Low-temperature resistivity from electron-dual-phonon processes for alkali
      metals.

PMID- 9947886
TI  - Energetics of transition-metal alloy formation: Ti, Zr, and Hf alloyed with the
      heavier 4d and 5d elements.

PMID- 9947887
TI  - X-ray photoelectron diffraction study of perpendicular and tilted CO on clean and
      potassium-modified Ni(110).

PMID- 9947889
TI  - Theory of hydrogen diffusion and reactions in crystalline silicon.

PMID- 9947888
TI  - Quantum theory of transient transport in semiconductors: A Monte Carlo approach.

PMID- 9947890
TI  - Microscopic structure of the hydrogen-boron complex in crystalline silicon.

PMID- 9947891
TI  - Optical free-carrier absorption of an electron-hole plasma in silicon.

PMID- 9947892
TI  - Structural and electronic properties of arsenic chalcogenide molecules.

PMID- 9947893
TI  - Stimulated recombination in highly excited GaAs.

PMID- 9947894
TI  - Intersubband Auger recombination and population inversion in quantum-well
      subbands.

PMID- 9947895
TI  - Influence of the pair distribution function on the site dependence of donor
      properties in ZnSe.

PMID- 9947896
TI  - Theory of line shapes of exciton resonances in semiconductor superlattices.

PMID- 9947897
TI  - Variations of energy gap, resistivity, and temperature coefficient of resistivity
      in annealed beta -Ag2Se thin films.

PMID- 9947898
TI  - Determination of subband structure, depolarization shift, and depletion charge in
      an AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs heterostructure.

PMID- 9947899
TI  - Electro-optical effects in InxGa1-xAs/GaAs strained-layer superlattices.

PMID- 9947900
TI  - Scattering experiments in two-dimensional systems in the presence of quantizing
      magnetic fields.

PMID- 9947902
TI  - Effects of irradiation on elastic properties of TaS3.

PMID- 9947901
TI  - Optical investigations on the mobility of two-dimensional excitons in GaAs/Ga1
      xAlxAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9947904
TI  - Calculation of the band gap for small CdS and ZnS crystallites.

PMID- 9947903
TI  - Photoinduced magnetization in dilute magnetic (semimagnetic) semiconductors.

PMID- 9947905
TI  - Diamagnetism as a probe of exciton localization in quantum wells.

PMID- 9947906
TI  - Anomalies in the cyclotron resonance in high-mobility GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs
      heterojunctions.

PMID- 9947908
TI  - Effect of carrier-carrier interaction on intervalley transfer rates of
      photoexcited electrons in GaAs.

PMID- 9947907
TI  - Variational calculation of two-dimensional-polaron energy levels in a magnetic
      field.

PMID- 9947909
TI  - Hierarchical structure in quasicrystal diffraction patterns: X-ray scattering on
      periodic approximants of Fibonacci superlattices.

PMID- 9947910
TI  - Photoluminescence in (Ga,In)P at high pressure.

PMID- 9947911
TI  - Mott transition of the excitons in GaSe.

PMID- 9947913
TI  - Breathing-mode lattice relaxation accompanying emission and capture by deep
      electronic levels in silicon.

PMID- 9947912
TI  - Stability of group IV-VI semiconductor alloys.

PMID- 9947914
TI  - Multisubband photoluminescence in sawtooth doping superlattices.

PMID- 9947915
TI  - Phonon softening of amorphous semiconductor superlattice films.

PMID- 9947916
TI  - Properties of the electron-hole plasma in II-VI compounds as a function of
      temperature.

PMID- 9947917
TI  - Electronic structure of Si-skeleton materials.

PMID- 9947918
TI  - Extrinsic contributions to photoreflectance of AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs quantum wells: An
      investigation of the "donor-related" feature.

PMID- 9947919
TI  - Many-body theory of magneto-optical spectra in doped quantum wells.

PMID- 9947920
TI  - Bias-induced metastable transverse conduction in doping-modulated amorphous
      silicon superlattices.

PMID- 9947921
TI  - Comprehensive study of the valence band of standard alkali-metal and indium
      phosphorus oxide salts through x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and extended
      Huckel theory tight-binding analysis: A contribution towards the elucidation of
      local order in oxides on InP surfaces.

PMID- 9947922
TI  - Time scales and optical dephasing measurements: Investigation of dynamics in
      complex systems.

PMID- 9947923
TI  - Diffusion of tritons, deuterons, and protons in LiNbO3 crystals.

PMID- 9947924
TI  - Simulation of ionic transition-metal crystals: The cluster model and the cluster
      lattice interaction in the light of the theory of electronic separability.

PMID- 9947925
TI  - Raman scattering and photoluminescence in Cu2O under hydrostatic pressure.

PMID- 9947926
TI  - Study of the F band in mixed ionic crystals using discrete lattice models.

PMID- 9947928
TI  - Theoretical calculations of He scattering intensities from MgO.

PMID- 9947927
TI  - Crystal-field splitting of core excitons in ionic crystals.

PMID- 9947929
TI  - Surface structure of donor graphite intercalation compounds by scanning tunneling
      microscopy.

PMID- 9947930
TI  - Screening of the electron-ion potential in metals.

PMID- 9947931
TI  - 4f binding-energy shifts of the light-actinide dioxides and tetrafluorides.

PMID- 9947933
TI  - Transition of interband optical absorption in reduced-dimensional semiconductor
      structures.

PMID- 9947932
TI  - Duality in Fermi-level pinning at Cu/InP(110) and Ag/InP(110) interfaces.

PMID- 9947934
TI  - Relationship between the conductivity and the glass temperature for hopping
      systems.

PMID- 9947935
TI  - Thermal activation energy of steady-state photoconductivity in undoped amorphous
      silicon and silicon-germanium alloys.

PMID- 9947936
TI  - Resonant photoemission in single-crystal black phosphorus.

PMID- 9947937
TI  - Helium diffraction from the MgO(001) surface.

PMID- 9947938
TI  - Preparation and observation of Si10 clusters on a Au(001)-(5 x 20) surface.

PMID- 9947939
TI  - Collective intersubband resonances of inversion electrons on GaAs.

PMID- 9947940
TI  - Electron paramagnetic resonance of thermal donors in germanium.

PMID- 9947941
TI  - Electrical depopulation of double quantum wells.

PMID- 9947942
TI  - Threshold energy for photogeneration of self-trapped excitons in SiO2.

PMID- 9947943
TI  - Quantum oscillations and negative differential resistance in nonresonant
      magnetotunneling.

PMID- 9947945
TI  - Mechanisms for the optically detected magnetic resonance background signal in
      epitaxial GaAs.

PMID- 9947944
TI  - Phonon coupling and X- Gamma mixing in GaAs-AlAs short-period superlattices.

PMID- 9947947
TI  - Electron-spin resonance of Mn2+ in Ge-rich bismuth-modified amorphous
      semiconductors (Ge42S58)99.5-xBixMn0.5.

PMID- 9947946
TI  - Mesoscopic properties of on-facet AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs submicron channels.

PMID- 9947948
TI  - Optical Ramsey fringes in photochemical hole burning.

PMID- 9947949
TI  - Mossbauer spectrometry study of the hyperfine fields and electronic structure of
      Fe-Co alloys.

PMID- 9947950
TI  - Level-crossing effects in N,N-diethylmorpholinium tetracyanoquinodimethane.

PMID- 9947951
TI  - Interference effect in electron-energy-loss spectroscopy.

PMID- 9947952
TI  - Ion neutralization in stimulated desorption.

PMID- 9947953
TI  - Electron paramagnetic resonance of Cr(CN)63- in NaCl: Evidence for motion of the
      associated cation vacancies.

PMID- 9947954
TI  - Weak localization in tunnel junctions.

PMID- 9947955
TI  - Vacancies in solid 3He.

PMID- 9947956
TI  - Theory of the superfluid density tensor in unconventional superconductors:
      Impurity scattering and band-structure effects.

PMID- 9947957
TI  - Thermal expansion of monocrystalline heavy-fermion CeCu6.

PMID- 9947958
TI  - Theory of superconducting-quasiparticle interface states.

PMID- 9947959
TI  - Metal-superconductor supercurrents in the scanning tunneling microscope.

PMID- 9947960
TI  - Transient electrodynamic response of thin-film superconductors to laser
      radiation.

PMID- 9947961
TI  - Muon spin rotation in the magnetic and superconducting ground states of
      (U,Th)Be13 and (U,Th)Pt3.

PMID- 9947962
TI  - Power spectra of noise-induced hopping between two overlapping Josephson steps.

PMID- 9947963
TI  - Rotational states of H2, HD, and D2 on graphite.

PMID- 9947964
TI  - Intensities of Rv'(0) transitions in solid HD.

PMID- 9947966
TI  - Fluctuations of critical current and phase slippage in Josephson junctions.

PMID- 9947965
TI  - Induced dipole-moment function of HD.

PMID- 9947967
TI  - Infrared conductivity and electron-molecular-vibration coupling in the organic
      superconductor di

PMID- 9947968
TI  - Thermodynamic properties of impure anisotropic quasi-one-dimensional
      superconductors.

PMID- 9947969
TI  - Field structure of vortex lattices in uniaxial superconductors.

PMID- 9947970
TI  - Chiral spin states and superconductivity.

PMID- 9947971
TI  - Equivalence of fractional quantum Hall and resonating-valence-bond states on a
      square lattice.

PMID- 9947973
TI  - Properties of localized condensation on a ladder superconducting network.

PMID- 9947972
TI  - Green's functions for the Bloch electrons on coupled chains in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9947974
TI  - Pressure dependence of the superconducting and Neel temperatures in a La2CuO4+
      delta crystal.

PMID- 9947975
TI  - Structural and dynamic properties of the magnetic order in the 90-K
      superconductor HoBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9947976
TI  - Crystallographic thermal expansion and elasticity across the superconducting
      transition in YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9947977
TI  - Phase diagram of the Hubbard model: A variational wave-function approach.

PMID- 9947979
TI  - Charge fluctuations between CuO2 layers in high-temperature superconductors.

PMID- 9947978
TI  - Flux creep in Y(Gd)Ba2Cu3O7- delta : Magnetic field dependence.

PMID- 9947980
TI  - Chemical states of Ba in YBa2Cu3O7- delta studied by x-ray photoelectron
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9947982
TI  - Plasmon dispersion relations and the induced electron interaction in oxide
      superconductors: Numerical results.

PMID- 9947981
TI  - Superconductivity in sulfur-containing R-Ba-Cu-O compounds.

PMID- 9947983
TI  - Superconducting state in an oxygen hole metal.

PMID- 9947984
TI  - Nonlinear electrodynamics in the granular superconductor YBa2Cu3O7: Experiments
      and interpretation.

PMID- 9947986
TI  - Thermal conductivity of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors: Correlation with the low
      temperature specific-heat behavior.

PMID- 9947985
TI  - Large-n limit of the Hubbard-Heisenberg model.

PMID- 9947988
TI  - Electronic structure of high-Tc cuprates from core-level photoemission
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9947987
TI  - Conductivity and Hall coefficient in La2CuO4+y near the insulator-metal
      transition.

PMID- 9947989
TI  - Superconductivity originating from a repulsive potential: Proposal of a new
      exciton mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity in the dilute electron gas.

PMID- 9947990
TI  - Structure and magnetic properties of nonsuperconducting doped Co and Fe Bi2Sr2Cu1
      xMxOy phases.

PMID- 9947991
TI  - Ion-beam-induced metal-insulator transition in YBa2Cu3O7- delta : A mobility
      edge.

PMID- 9947992
TI  - Distorted chain sites for Co- and Fe-substituted YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9947993
TI  - Vertex correction to the Eliashberg equation for the superconducting critical
      temperature.

PMID- 9947994
TI  - Vibronic pairing models for high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9947995
TI  - Assessment of Fermi-liquid description for the normal state of high-Tc
      superconductors.

PMID- 9947996
TI  - Orthorhombic distortion and cation ordering in Y2Ba4Cu8O16 and Er2Ba4Cu8O16 high
      Tc thin films.

PMID- 9947997
TI  - Superconductivity in a narrow-band system with intersite electron pairing in two
      dimensions. II. Effects of nearest-neighbor exchange and correlated hopping.

PMID- 9947999
TI  - Influence of Ni, Fe, and Zn substitution on the superconducting and
      antiferromagnetic state of YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9947998
TI  - Dynamic spin fluctuations and the bag mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity.

PMID- 9948001
TI  - Evidence of frustrated magnetism in CeAl3 from muon-spin-rotation spectroscopy.

PMID- 9948000
TI  - Reversible and irreversible magnetization in the high-Tc superconductor
      Tl2CA2Ba2CU3O10.

PMID- 9948002
TI  - Cellular dynamics during directional solidification: Interaction of multiple
      cells.

PMID- 9948003
TI  - Computer algorithm for many-body wave functions.

PMID- 9948004
TI  - Spin dynamics of Gd at high temperatures.

PMID- 9948006
TI  - Experimental study of phase separation in films of molecular dimensions.

PMID- 9948005
TI  - Structures of the commensurate phases in TaTe4.

PMID- 9948007
TI  - Evolution of a magnetic bubble after quantum nucleation.

PMID- 9948009
TI  - Grain-boundary ordering, segregation, and melting transitions in a two
      dimensional lattice-gas model.

PMID- 9948008
TI  - Critical behavior of an array of Josephson junctions with variable couplings.

PMID- 9948010
TI  - Magnetic phases of EuxSr1-xAs3 investigated by specific-heat, susceptibility, and
      elastic neutron-scattering measurements.

PMID- 9948011
TI  - Universality, low-temperature properties, and finite-size scaling in quantum
      antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9948012
TI  - Magnetization steps in dilute magnetic semiconductors to 55 T: Mn2+ pair
      saturation in Cd1-xMnxTe and steps in Zn1-xMnxSe, Zn1-xMnxTe, and Cd1-xMnxSe.

PMID- 9948013
TI  - Quantization conditions for the periodic Toda chain: Inadequacy of Bethe-ansatz
      methods.

PMID- 9948014
TI  - Stochastic theory of diffusional planar-atomic clustering and its application to
      dislocation loops.

PMID- 9948015
TI  - X-ray diffraction and equation of state of solid neon to 110 GPa.

PMID- 9948017
TI  - Random-walk simulation of diffusion-controlled processes among static traps.

PMID- 9948016
TI  - Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model in a transverse field: Absence of replica symmetry
      breaking due to quantum fluctuations.

PMID- 9948018
TI  - Vortices in the classical two-dimensional anisotropic Heisenberg model.

PMID- 9948020
TI  - Mode locking in quasicrystals.

PMID- 9948019
TI  - Magnetic behavior in Mg-stabilized bcc beta -Gd and beta -Dy.

PMID- 9948021
TI  - Field dependences of surface magnetization in a semi-infinite Ising model with a
      nonrandom surface or surface amorphization.

PMID- 9948022
TI  - Theory of the spin liquid state of the Heisenberg antiferromagnet.

PMID- 9948024
TI  - Electronic structure of CO adsorbed on small Cu clusters: Theoretical study on
      excited states.

PMID- 9948023
TI  - Low-field Hall effect near the percolation threshold.

PMID- 9948025
TI  - Coexistence curve of fluoroform near its critical point.

PMID- 9948027
TI  - Internal stress tensor in constant-pressure molecular dynamics of anisotropic
      molecular solids.

PMID- 9948026
TI  - Phase transition in type-1 fcc Ising antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9948028
TI  - Monte Carlo study of finite-size effects at a weakly first-order phase
      transition.

PMID- 9948030
TI  - Structure-related induced anisotropy in metallic glasses.

PMID- 9948029
TI  - Zero modes and the quantized Hall conductance of the two-dimensional lattice in a
      magnetic field.

PMID- 9948032
TI  - Transport properties of disordered continuum systems.

PMID- 9948031
TI  - Numerical study of late-stage coarsening for off-critical quenches in the Cahn
      Hilliard equation of phase separation.

PMID- 9948034
TI  - Four-dimensional description of the structure and phase transitions of KFeF4
      (phase II and superstructure phase III).

PMID- 9948033
TI  - Monte Carlo renormalization-group study of spinodal decomposition: Scaling and
      growth.

PMID- 9948035
TI  - Magnetization by rotation and gyromagnetic gyroscopes.

PMID- 9948036
TI  - Effect of interlayer exchange coupling on spin-wave spectra in magnetic double
      layers: Theory and experiment.

PMID- 9948037
TI  - Theoretical approach to magnetic force microscopy.

PMID- 9948039
TI  - First-principles calculations of dynamic permeability in porous media.

PMID- 9948038
TI  - First-principles calculation of crystal-field parameters in Nd2Fe14B.

PMID- 9948040
TI  - Correlation and exchange of three-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional electron
      gases in a strong magnetic field.

PMID- 9948041
TI  - Incommensurate phase of Te adsorbed on (001) GaAs.

PMID- 9948042
TI  - Spectroscopic spin-boson model in the adiabatic limit: Application to optical
      line shapes.

PMID- 9948043
TI  - Possibility of coexistence of local-moment and itinerant-electron magnetism in
      alpha -manganese: A perturbed-angular-correlation study.

PMID- 9948044
TI  - Pseudospinodal critical phenomena, renormalized instantons, and the one-loop
      equation of state.

PMID- 9948046
TI  - Smectic elastic constants of lamellar fluid membrane phases: Crumpling effects.

PMID- 9948045
TI  - Correlation functions of the Ising spin glass on the Bethe lattice.

PMID- 9948047
TI  - New disordered phase of a ferromagnetic binary Ising system.

PMID- 9948049
TI  - Molecular-dynamics study of phase transitions between incommensurate and
      commensurate phases.

PMID- 9948048
TI  - Spin-disorder effects in the electrical resistivity of Ni-based amorphous alloys.

PMID- 9948051
TI  - Thermal melting of arachidic acid monolayers in ultrathin multilayers: A high
      resolution x-ray diffraction study.

PMID- 9948050
TI  - Scaling approach to two-magnon excitations in quantum spin chains.

PMID- 9948052
TI  - Classical statistical mechanics of the nonlinear adiabatic shell model: Monatomic
      chain with quartic core-shell interaction.

PMID- 9948053
TI  - Correlated random walks on lattices: A solvable alternative to Fokker-Planck
      equations in periodic potentials.

PMID- 9948054
TI  - One-dimensional Ising ferromagnet

PMID- 9948055
TI  - Thermodynamics of spin glasses in the Hartree-Fock approximation.

PMID- 9948056
TI  - Effect of crystal fields on the Hall effect in Kondo-type systems.

PMID- 9948057
TI  - Hole motion in a quantum Neel state.

PMID- 9948058
TI  - Thermally activated methyl and t-butyl group reorientation in solids.

PMID- 9948059
TI  - Critical behavior of the static and dynamic correlation functions near the
      optical Anderson transition.

PMID- 9948060
TI  - Fractionization phenomenon in the sine-Gordon system.

PMID- 9948061
TI  - Tunneling alpha 2F( omega ) in thin-film Nb as a function of thickness.

PMID- 9948062
TI  - Superconducting energy gap in Coulomb staircase tunneling structures.

PMID- 9948064
TI  - Specific heat of Bi2Sr2CuO6 and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 in the superconducting state.

PMID- 9948065
TI  - Vibrating-reed studies on non-single-phase Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O superconducting
      ceramics.

PMID- 9948063
TI  - Thermodynamic fluctuations in the 110-K Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor: Evidence
      for two-dimensional behavior.

PMID- 9948067
TI  - Substitution-induced superstructures in Cu(1)-doped YBa2(Cu1-xMx)3O7 ceramic
      (M=trivalent cation).

PMID- 9948066
TI  - Fluctuation conductivity of Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O thin films.

PMID- 9948068
TI  - Gadolinium interaction in GdBa2Cu3Oy compounds.

PMID- 9948069
TI  - Hole pairing within an extended Anderson impurity model applicable to the high-Tc
      cuprates.

PMID- 9948070
TI  - Coexistence of antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in YBa2(CU1-xFex)3O7 only
      for x around 0.10.

PMID- 9948071
TI  - Model for local para-Cooperons possibly relevant for high-temperature
      superconductors.

PMID- 9948072
TI  - Quantum effects and competing interactions in crystals of the mixed rubidium and
      ammonium dihydrogen phosphate system.

PMID- 9948073
TI  - Spin disorder in paramagnetic fcc iron.

PMID- 9948074
TI  - Monte Carlo study of surface critical behavior in the XY model.

PMID- 9948075
TI  - Surface anisotropy and surface spin canting in the semi-infinite ferromagnet.

PMID- 9948076
TI  - Volume-change phase transition in solids at valence instability.

PMID- 9948077
TI  - Pair correlations for double-chain and triple-chain Ising models with competing
      interactions.

PMID- 9948078
TI  - Properties of magnetic superlattices with antiferromagnetic interfacial coupling:
      Magnetization, susceptibility, and compensation points.

PMID- 9948079
TI  - Pyroelectric detection of high-order commensurate phases with a narrow range of
      stability in betaine calcium chloride dihydrate.

PMID- 9948080
TI  - Comment on "Peierls instability in the two-dimensional half-filled Hubbard model"

PMID- 9948081
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Peierls instability in the two-dimensional half-filled
      Hubbard model' "

PMID- 9948082
TI  - Comment on "Crystal structure of lithium beryllium hydride"

PMID- 9948084
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Identification of a superoxide in superconducting La2CuO4+
      delta by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy' "

PMID- 9948083
TI  - Comment on "Identification of a superoxide in superconducting La2CuO4+ delta by x
      ray photoelectron spectroscopy"

PMID- 9948085
TI  - Comment on simple scaling theory for three-dimensional critical wetting with
      short-ranged forces.

PMID- 9948087
TI  - Erratum: Possibility of a common origin to ferroelectricity and superconductivity
      in oxides

PMID- 9948086
TI  - Erratum: Perturbation theory of superconducting micronetworks near the phase
      transition boundary

PMID- 9948088
TI  - Universality in two-point functions at wetting: Exact scaling function for energy
      density correlations.

PMID- 9948089
TI  - Ejection of excimers from the surface of solid argon upon exciton self-trapping.

PMID- 9948090
TI  - 35Cl spin-lattice relaxation and temperature-dependent phason gaps in
      substitutionally disordered incommensurate systems.

PMID- 9948092
TI  - X-ray study of in-plane epitaxy of YBa2Cu3Ox thin films.

PMID- 9948091
TI  - Superconductivity and spin-density waves in heavy-fermion systems.

PMID- 9948093
TI  - Nonlinear optical response of granular Y-Ba-Cu-O films.

PMID- 9948094
TI  - Direct measurements of the effects of inhomogeneities on the normal-state
      transport properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x thin films.

PMID- 9948095
TI  - Oxygen-diffusion-induced phase boundary migration in copper oxide thin films.

PMID- 9948096
TI  - Collective excitations in the normal state of Cu-O-based superconductors.

PMID- 9948097
TI  - Magnetic transitions in the system YBa2Cu2.8Co0.2O6+y.

PMID- 9948099
TI  - Preparation and Raman analysis of single-phase Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9948098
TI  - Plasmons and interband transitions in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8.

PMID- 9948100
TI  - High-energy spectroscopic study of YBa2Cu2.7Fe0.3O6.9 with photon energy near the
      O 1s threshold.

PMID- 9948101
TI  - Low-temperature specific heat of single-crystal Bi2CaSr2Cu2O8 and
      Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3O10.

PMID- 9948102
TI  - ac conductivity of the strongly correlated Hubbard model in the low-temperature
      limit.

PMID- 9948103
TI  - New class of frustrated quantum spin systems with an exactly known ground state.

PMID- 9948104
TI  - Geometric scaling of the optical memory effect in coherent-wave propagation
      through random media.

PMID- 9948105
TI  - Monte Carlo studies of the critical free energies for the three-dimensional Ising
      model with surfaces, edges, and corners.

PMID- 9948106
TI  - Critical-like behavior in quantum adsorption.

PMID- 9948107
TI  - Novel stochastic approach for Gutzwiller matrix elements: Two-dimensional Hubbard
      model.

PMID- 9948109
TI  - Quantum dynamics of a pulsed spin system: Long-time behavior of semiclassical
      wave functions.

PMID- 9948108
TI  - Instabilities in the quantum Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Ising spin glass in
      transverse and longitudinal fields.

PMID- 9948110
TI  - Comparison of nonlinear optical responses of periodic and quasiperiodic
      superlattices.

PMID- 9948111
TI  - Brillouin scattering from unsupported Al films.

PMID- 9948112
TI  - Electron transport properties of amorphous (ZR0.64Ni0.36)1-xAlx alloys.

PMID- 9948114
TI  - Elastic constants of nickel: Variations with respect to temperature and pressure.

PMID- 9948113
TI  - First-principles potentials in modeling structure and thermodynamics of Fe-Ni
      alloys.

PMID- 9948115
TI  - Nuclear quadrupole interaction in glassy Hf1-xCux alloys and their local
      structures.

PMID- 9948117
TI  - Tight-binding models and density-functional theory.

PMID- 9948116
TI  - Effect of pressure and crystal structure on energy levels of Pr3+ in LaCl3.

PMID- 9948118
TI  - Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure study of copper under high pressure.

PMID- 9948119
TI  - Crystal-field effects and magnetic behavior in RNi5 and RCo5+x rare-earth
      compounds.

PMID- 9948120
TI  - Alloy models with the embedded-atom method.

PMID- 9948122
TI  - Excitonic states in pure and impurity-doped magnesium oxide.

PMID- 9948121
TI  - High-frequency rectification in UPt3 point contacts.

PMID- 9948123
TI  - Theory of phonons in three- and four-layer superlattices.

PMID- 9948124
TI  - Phonon-mediated indirect interactions between adatoms on surfaces.

PMID- 9948125
TI  - Adsorbed layer and multilayer materials: The energetics and bonding of Pd and Ag
      on Nb(001) and Nb(110).

PMID- 9948126
TI  - Graphite under pressure: Equation of state and first-order Raman modes.

PMID- 9948127
TI  - Comparative study of angle-resolved valence-band photoemission from half
      monolayer structures of C, N, and O on Ni(100).

PMID- 9948128
TI  - Optical properties of In1-xGaxAsyP1-y alloys.

PMID- 9948129
TI  - Thermal amplitudes of surface atoms on Si(111) 2 x 1 and Si(001) 2 x 1.

PMID- 9948130
TI  - Si-P-H complexes in crystal silicon: A theoretical study.

PMID- 9948132
TI  - Interaction of optical phonons with a one-component plasma.

PMID- 9948131
TI  - Dispersive nature of hole transport in polyvinylcarbazole.

PMID- 9948133
TI  - Empirical application of Dyson's equation to the L2,3 soft-x-ray-emission
      transition densities of states of c-Si and a-Si:H.

PMID- 9948135
TI  - Fermi-level movement and atomic geometry at the Al/GaAs(001) interface.

PMID- 9948134
TI  - Metallization and Fermi-level movement at the Cs/GaAs(110) interfaces.

PMID- 9948136
TI  - Saturation of intersubband transitions in p-type semiconductor quantum wells.

PMID- 9948137
TI  - Coupled plasmon and phonon in the accumulation layer of InAs(110) cleaved
      surfaces.

PMID- 9948138
TI  - Noble-metal adsorption on Si(111): Medium-energy ion-scattering results for the
      Ag ( sqrt 3 x sqrt 3)R30 degrees reconstruction.

PMID- 9948139
TI  - Intrawell and interwell coupling of plasmons in multilayer modulation-doped
      GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9948140
TI  - Probing the Co coordination at the Si/CoSi2(111) interface by photoemission.

PMID- 9948141
TI  - Magnetic-field-induced localization in degenerately doped n-type Ge.

PMID- 9948142
TI  - Generalized quantum Langevin equations for high-electric-field transport.

PMID- 9948143
TI  - Stochastic simulation of molecular-beam epitaxial growth of a model compound
      semiconductor: Effects of kinetics.

PMID- 9948144
TI  - Photoemission study of CaF2- and SrF2-GaAs(110) interfaces formed at room
      temperature.

PMID- 9948145
TI  - Band bendings, band offsets, and interface instabilities in p+-GaAs/n--ZnSe
      heterojunctions.

PMID- 9948146
TI  - Adsorption of potassium and oxygen on GaAs(110): Charge transfer and enhanced
      oxidation.

PMID- 9948147
TI  - Adsorption and interaction of Sb on Si(001) studied by scanning tunneling
      microscopy and core-level photoemission.

PMID- 9948148
TI  - Pressure dependence of deep electronic levels in semiconductors: Phosphorus
      vacancy pair (or Si E center) and divacancy in silicon.

PMID- 9948149
TI  - Alkali-metal-promoted oxidation of the Si(100)2 x 1 surface: Coverage dependence
      and nonlocality.

PMID- 9948150
TI  - Operator ordering in effective-mass theory.

PMID- 9948151
TI  - Ab initio pseudopotential calculations of optical-phonon deformation potentials
      in zinc-blende semiconductors.

PMID- 9948152
TI  - Femtosecond dynamics of excitonic absorption in the infrared InxGa1-xAs quantum
      wells.

PMID- 9948153
TI  - Resonant tunneling of holes in double-barrier heterostructures in the envelope
      function approximation.

PMID- 9948155
TI  - Hyperpolarizabilities of conjugated polymers.

PMID- 9948156
TI  - Electron self-energy in two dimensions.

PMID- 9948154
TI  - Effect of nonparabolicity in GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs semiconductor quantum wells.

PMID- 9948157
TI  - Surface-phonon dispersion curves of KBr(001) via helium-atom scattering:
      Comparison with calculations.

PMID- 9948158
TI  - Surface phonon modes of the RbBr(001) crystal surface by inelastic He-atom
      scattering.

PMID- 9948159
TI  - Characterization of the water of crystallization in CsMnCl3

PMID- 9948160
TI  - Structural models of glassy As2S3: Intermediate-range order and photostructural
      changes.

PMID- 9948161
TI  - Electronic properties of fractal-glass models.

PMID- 9948162
TI  - Polarons in acetanilide.

PMID- 9948163
TI  - Determination of the dielectric, piezoelectric, and elastic constants of crystals
      in class 32.

PMID- 9948164
TI  - Relativistic effects in the electronic structure of Cu{001}

PMID- 9948165
TI  - Universal energy-level statistics for disordered metals.

PMID- 9948166
TI  - Comparison of optimization methods for electronic-structure calculations.

PMID- 9948167
TI  - Sequential precursors in dissociative chemisorption: O2 on Pt(111).

PMID- 9948168
TI  - Observation of graphitic and amorphous structures on the surface of hard carbon
      films by scanning tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9948169
TI  - Behavior of magnesium clusters under electron attachment and detachment.

PMID- 9948170
TI  - Phonon dispersion of bcc transition metals using the temperature-dependent pair
      potential.

PMID- 9948172
TI  - Direct-band-gap absorption in germanium under pressure.

PMID- 9948171
TI  - Electron-energy-loss spectra of the Si(100)-(2 x 1) surface exposed to NH3.

PMID- 9948174
TI  - Tunneling-controlled photoluminescence in nonresonantly coupled single quantum
      wells.

PMID- 9948173
TI  - Electronic and structural properties of a discommensurate monolayer system:
      GaAs(110)-(1 x 1)Bi.

PMID- 9948175
TI  - Multiphonon hopping of electrons on defect clusters in amorphous germanium.

PMID- 9948177
TI  - Filamentation instability of electromagnetic waves in compensated magnetoactive
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9948176
TI  - Direct observation of tunneling between Landau levels in barrier-separated two
      dimensional electron-gas systems.

PMID- 9948178
TI  - Binding energies of excitons in semiconductor quantum wells: Quantum subband
      interference effect.

PMID- 9948179
TI  - Subband structure of PbTe quantum wells.

PMID- 9948180
TI  - Directional emission of nonthermal halogen atoms by electron bombardment of
      alkali halides.

PMID- 9948182
TI  - Erratum: Calculation of the diamagnetic shift in resonant-tunneling double
      barrier GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures

PMID- 9948181
TI  - Glass transition in computer-simulated iron.

PMID- 9948184
TI  - Defractalization of films adsorbed on fractal surfaces.

PMID- 9948183
TI  - Multiple lattice phases and polaron-lattice-spinless-defect competition in
      polyaniline.

PMID- 9948185
TI  - Effect of high-energy ion irradiation on the elastic moduli of Ag/Co
      superlattices.

PMID- 9948186
TI  - Electronic instabilities of the quasi-two-dimensional monophosphate tungsten
      bronze P4W12O44.

PMID- 9948187
TI  - Biexciton lifetime in CuCl observed with weak picosecond pulse excitation.

PMID- 9948189
TI  - Quasiclassical behavior of ballistic electrons in a perpendicular magnetic field.

PMID- 9948188
TI  - Dopant concentration dependences and symmetric Fermi-level movement for metal/n
      type and p-type GaAs(110) interfaces formed at 60 K.

PMID- 9948190
TI  - Bonding of Se and ZnSe to the Si(100) surface.

PMID- 9948191
TI  - Two types of conductance minima in electrostatic Aharonov-Bohm conductance
      oscillations.

PMID- 9948192
TI  - Population process of the upper subband in AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9948194
TI  - Photoquenching and photoinduced-recovery properties of the EL2 defect in GaAs:
      Evidence against the identification of EL2 with the isolated AsGa defect.

PMID- 9948193
TI  - Outgoing multiphonon resonant Raman scattering and luminescence near the E0+
      Delta 0 gap in epitaxial CdTe films.

PMID- 9948196
TI  - ac response of the charge-density-wave mode in K0.3MoO3.

PMID- 9948195
TI  - Origin of surface anisotropies in the optical spectra of III-V compounds.

PMID- 9948197
TI  - Extended interstitials in silicon and germanium.

PMID- 9948198
TI  - Optical transitions in ultra-high-purity zinc selenide.

PMID- 9948199
TI  - Density of states in a two-dimensional electron gas in the presence of a one
      dimensional superlattice potential.

PMID- 9948200
TI  - Carrier-induced transition from excitonic to free-carrier-like radiative
      recombination in a semiconductor quantum well studied by magnetoluminescence.

PMID- 9948201
TI  - Symmetry breaking in nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon: Infrared observation of the
      Raman-active G and D bands.

PMID- 9948202
TI  - Properties of D- centers in polar crystals.

PMID- 9948204
TI  - Calculated electronic structure and magnetic properties of Y-Fe compounds.

PMID- 9948203
TI  - Solid-state amorphization in Al-Pt multilayers by low-temperature annealing.

PMID- 9948206
TI  - Stationary waves in a nonlinear periodic medium: Strong resonances and localized
      structures. II. The continuous model.

PMID- 9948205
TI  - Stationary waves in a nonlinear periodic medium: Strong resonances and localized
      structures. I. The discrete model.

PMID- 9948207
TI  - Electromodulation of the surface-plasmon dispersion relation and adsorption of
      anions at the electrochemical interface.

PMID- 9948208
TI  - Relativistic Stoner theory applied to PuSn3.

PMID- 9948209
TI  - Density-functional approach to nonlinear-response coefficients of solids.

PMID- 9948210
TI  - Ion-surface interaction potentials from alkali-ion-metal scattering below 500 eV.

PMID- 9948211
TI  - Nonlocal corrections to Fresnel optics: Jellium-model calculations above the bulk
      plasmon threshold.

PMID- 9948212
TI  - Interpretation of the optical properties of Nb.

PMID- 9948213
TI  - Surface states on NiAl(110).

PMID- 9948215
TI  - Molecular dynamics of a dilute solution of hydrogen in palladium.

PMID- 9948214
TI  - Intensity correlation function for light elastically scattered from a randomly
      rough metallic grating.

PMID- 9948216
TI  - Electronic structure of finite or infinite systems in the tight-binding model
      with overlap.

PMID- 9948217
TI  - Computer simulation of exciton trapping in Cu2+-doped crystals of (CH3)4NMnCl3
      and (CH3)4NMnBr3 : Significance of trap efficiency in one-dimensional systems.

PMID- 9948218
TI  - Calculation of the electronic work function of Cu and Ag from an extended jellium
      model.

PMID- 9948220
TI  - Current-density-functional theory and the de Haas-van Alphen effect.

PMID- 9948219
TI  - Surface structure of the C(0001)-(2 x 2)Cs system: Low-energy electron
      diffraction dynamical calculation.

PMID- 9948222
TI  - Surface state and surface resonance at the center of the surface Brillouin zone
      Gamma -bar of Cu{001}

PMID- 9948221
TI  - Temperature and concentration variation of the Hall coefficient in amorphous Y-Al
      alloys.

PMID- 9948223
TI  - Correlation and clustering in the optical properties of composites: A numerical
      study.

PMID- 9948224
TI  - Transition of a Si-As solution to the amorphous phase induced by pulsed-laser
      quenching.

PMID- 9948225
TI  - Hydrogen passivation of shallow acceptors and donors in c-Si: Comparisons and
      trends.

PMID- 9948226
TI  - Point defects in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs superlattices.

PMID- 9948228
TI  - Phonon-assisted tunneling in persistent-photocurrent decay.

PMID- 9948227
TI  - Ultrafast mobility in photoinjected polar semiconductors.

PMID- 9948229
TI  - Theoretical and experimental studies of the photoemission current from GaAs(110).

PMID- 9948230
TI  - Spectroscopic study of an acceptor confined in a narrow GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum
      well.

PMID- 9948232
TI  - Optical excitation of the metastable EL2() level.

PMID- 9948231
TI  - Temperature dependence of the cyclotron-resonance linewidth in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs
      heterojunctions.

PMID- 9948234
TI  - Fermi-level pinning at nickel disilicide-silicon interface.

PMID- 9948233
TI  - Interface-structure analysis of amorphous semiconductor heterojunctions by in
      situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

PMID- 9948235
TI  - Structure of the 0.767-eV oxygen-carbon luminescence defect in 450 degreesC
      thermally annealed Czochralski-grown silicon.

PMID- 9948237
TI  - Jahn-Teller effect with the recursion method: Dipole-carrying states and the
      absorption spectrum of CdTe:Fe2+

PMID- 9948236
TI  - Discrete and continuous disorder in superlattices.

PMID- 9948238
TI  - Conformational effects in organopolysilanes: A first-principles approach.

PMID- 9948240
TI  - Cathodoluminescence of defects in diamond films and particles grown by hot
      filament chemical-vapor deposition.

PMID- 9948239
TI  - Submillimeter study of the cyclotron-resonance linewidth in CdTe.

PMID- 9948241
TI  - Resonant Raman scattering and piezomodulated reflectivity of InP in high magnetic
      fields.

PMID- 9948243
TI  - Numerical simulations of hopping conductivity using nonflat densities of states.

PMID- 9948244
TI  - Hydrogen passivation studies on Pd-n-type-Si diodes.

PMID- 9948242
TI  - Theory of structure and hyperfine properties of anomalous muonium in elemental
      semiconductors: Diamond, silicon, and germanium.

PMID- 9948246
TI  - Position-dependent effective mass for inhomogeneous semiconductors.

PMID- 9948245
TI  - Order of the X conduction-band valleys in type-II GaAs/AlAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9948247
TI  - Site occupancy and valence state of optically active cobalt ions in yttrium iron
      garnet.

PMID- 9948248
TI  - Brillouin-scattering study of the orientational glass transition in (KCl)1
      x(KCN)x mixed crystals.

PMID- 9948249
TI  - Experimental and theoretical studies of energy transfer in F-center-OH-(OD-)
      defect pairs in KCl.

PMID- 9948252
TI  - Electrical properties of a LiTaO3 single crystal.

PMID- 9948250
TI  - Thermal conductivity of amorphous materials above the plateau.

PMID- 9948251
TI  - Photoemission study of the valence-band electronic structure in FexO, Fe3O4, and
      alpha -Fe2O3 single crystals.

PMID- 9948253
TI  - Temperature dependence of elastic constants of some fluorite crystals.

PMID- 9948254
TI  - Thermal conductivity of deformed potassium chloride.

PMID- 9948256
TI  - Hall mobility of positive carriers in the semimetallic compound LiGa.

PMID- 9948255
TI  - Ab initio calculations of magnetic states of a Mo monolayer.

PMID- 9948257
TI  - High-order corrections to the image potential.

PMID- 9948258
TI  - Peak mobilities in low-symmetry silicon inversion layers.

PMID- 9948259
TI  - Tight-binding prediction of tetrahedral semiconductor ionization potentials.

PMID- 9948260
TI  - Piezoelectric scattering at low lattice temperatures.

PMID- 9948261
TI  - Observation of an intrinsic 5 x 5 reconstruction on the clean Si(111) surface.

PMID- 9948262
TI  - Fermi-level tuning in Y1-xUxPd3.

PMID- 9948263
TI  - Dependence of the light-hole-heavy-hole splitting on layer thickness and
      substrate orientation in GaAs-(GaAl)As single-quantum wells.

PMID- 9948265
TI  - Even-denominator quantum Hall effect and the hierarchy of spin-singlet nu
      =2/(2q+1) fluids.

PMID- 9948264
TI  - Density dependence of radiative and nonradiative recombination rates in a gated
      GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs modulation-doped quantum well.

PMID- 9948266
TI  - Nonlocal resonant optical phonons and the local properties of ultrathin Ge layers
      on Si(100).

PMID- 9948267
TI  - Dissociation energies of shallow-acceptor-hydrogen pairs in silicon.

PMID- 9948268
TI  - Temperature dependence and anharmonicity of the Debye-Waller factor in sodium
      metal using Mossbauer gamma -ray diffraction.

PMID- 9948269
TI  - Magnetoresistance in thin palladium-carbon mixture films.

PMID- 9948271
TI  - First-principles calculation of impurity-solution energies in Cu and Ni.

PMID- 9948270
TI  - Difference-equation approach to the electronic structures of surfaces,
      interfaces, and superlattices.

PMID- 9948272
TI  - Modification of the surface electronic structure of Cu(111) by monolayer Ni
      adsorption and the effects on H2 chemisorption.

PMID- 9948273
TI  - Screw dislocations and spiral growth in quasicrystals.

PMID- 9948274
TI  - Contributions from two-particle scattering to the extraordinary Hall effect in
      Kondo systems.

PMID- 9948276
TI  - Equilibrium faceting shapes for quasicrystals.

PMID- 9948275
TI  - Luminescence R-line spectrum of ruby crystals shocked to 125 kbar along the
      crystal c axis.

PMID- 9948277
TI  - Molecular-dynamics simulations of shock-induced detonations in solids.

PMID- 9948278
TI  - Surface-plasmon energy shifts due to submonolayer molecular adsorption on silver
      and aluminum.

PMID- 9948279
TI  - Oxidative bonding of (0001) alpha -Al2O3 to close-packed surfaces of the first
      transition-metal series, Sc through Cu.

PMID- 9948280
TI  - Adsorbate-induced reconstruction of Rh(110)1 x 2-H.

PMID- 9948281
TI  - Transport phenomena in polymer-graphite composite materials.

PMID- 9948282
TI  - Symmetry-dependent alignment of the electron-spin polarization vector due to
      electronic band hybridization observed in photoemission from Ag(100).

PMID- 9948283
TI  - Spin-dependent correlations and thermodynamic functions for electron liquids at
      arbitrary degeneracy and spin polarization.

PMID- 9948284
TI  - Sample-dependent resolution in scanning tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9948285
TI  - Resonance photoemission at the 2p excitation threshold of Ni{001}

PMID- 9948287
TI  - Internal oxidation after coimplantation of antimony and oxygen in silver.

PMID- 9948286
TI  - Numerical study of optical absorption in two-dimensional metal-insulator and
      normal-superconductor composites.

PMID- 9948288
TI  - Determination of AB crystal structures from atomic properties.

PMID- 9948289
TI  - Structural changes and crystallization of amorphous hydrogenated silicon
      generated by laser irradiation.

PMID- 9948290
TI  - Theoretical analysis of Raman spectra of finite-stage Si/Si-Ge Fibonacci
      superlattices.

PMID- 9948291
TI  - Magnetotunneling measurement of space-charge accumulation in delta -doped quantum
      wells.

PMID- 9948292
TI  - Applicability of the deformation-potential approximation to deep donors in
      silicon.

PMID- 9948293
TI  - Low-field transport coefficients in GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs heterostructures.

PMID- 9948295
TI  - Energy levels and charge distributions of nonideal dangling and floating bonds in
      amorphous Si.

PMID- 9948294
TI  - Angle-resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopic study of Si(001)-(2 x 1)/K
      and Si(001)-(2 x 1)/Cs surfaces.

PMID- 9948296
TI  - Temperature dependence of the Urbach optical absorption edge: A theory of
      multiple phonon absorption and emission sidebands.

PMID- 9948298
TI  - Role of hydrogen in the formation of metastable defects in hydrogenated amorphous
      silicon.

PMID- 9948297
TI  - Weak localization of polaritons and the generation of phase-conjugated light
      waves.

PMID- 9948300
TI  - Simulations of adatom geometries on the Si(111) surface using a model potential.

PMID- 9948299
TI  - Hot-phonon effects and interband relaxation processes in photoexcited GaAs
      quantum wells.

PMID- 9948302
TI  - Dwell time and phase times for transmission and reflection.

PMID- 9948301
TI  - Importance of carrier-carrier scattering for the ambipolar transport of optically
      generated carriers in a thin semiconductor slab.

PMID- 9948303
TI  - Long-wavelength optical phonons in Zn1-xMnxSe.

PMID- 9948304
TI  - Potential model for silicon clusters.

PMID- 9948306
TI  - Dynamical simulation of molecular-beam epitaxial growth of a model crystal.

PMID- 9948305
TI  - Oscillatory behavior in the photoluminescence excitation and photoconductivity
      spectra of GaAs-AlAs superlattices.

PMID- 9948307
TI  - Optical second-harmonic generation from magnetized surfaces.

PMID- 9948308
TI  - Core-level photoemission measurements of valence-band offsets in highly strained
      heterojunctions: Si-Ge system.

PMID- 9948309
TI  - Aharonov-Bohm and quantum Hall effects in singly connected quantum dots.

PMID- 9948311
TI  - Diffusivity and solubility of Ni (63Ni) in monocrystalline Si.

PMID- 9948310
TI  - Motional binding in InAs with a realistic surface potential.

PMID- 9948312
TI  - Localized vibrational modes in superlattices.

PMID- 9948313
TI  - Structural phase transitions in chalcogenide glasses.

PMID- 9948314
TI  - Structural phase transitions in GaAs to 108 GPa.

PMID- 9948315
TI  - Saturation of a resonant phonon-band mode by far-infrared excitation.

PMID- 9948316
TI  - Effects of charge-density-wave depinning on the elastic properties of NbSe3.

PMID- 9948317
TI  - X-ray standing-wave and tunneling-microscope location of gallium atoms on a
      silicon surface.

PMID- 9948319
TI  - Temperature dependence of the nonradiative decay of the Na 2p core exciton in
      sodium halides.

PMID- 9948318
TI  - Deuterium diffusion and magnetic resonance investigations in LiTaO3 single
      crystals.

PMID- 9948320
TI  - Determination of the number of scatterers in a finite volume by the statistical
      analysis of scattered light intensity.

PMID- 9948321
TI  - Electronic- and vibrational-structure calculations in models of the compressed
      SiO2 glass system.

PMID- 9948322
TI  - Solid krypton: Equation of state and elastic properties.

PMID- 9948323
TI  - Correlation of the 5.0- and 7.6-eV absorption bands in SiO2 with oxygen vacancy.

PMID- 9948324
TI  - Intermediate-coupling polaron in a polar-crystal slab.

PMID- 9948325
TI  - Thermal-diffuse scattering of x rays by phasons.

PMID- 9948326
TI  - Phason velocities in TaS2 by x-ray diffuse scattering.

PMID- 9948327
TI  - Optical absorption spectra for silver spherical particles.

PMID- 9948328
TI  - Low-temperature photocurrent studies of electron-state coupling in asymmetric
      coupled quantum wells.

PMID- 9948329
TI  - Absence of discontinuity in the exchange-correlation potential in the band-gap
      problem at finite temperature.

PMID- 9948330
TI  - Structural compromise of the arsenic-terminated silicon (111) surface.

PMID- 9948331
TI  - Resonant tunneling spectroscopy of two coupled quantum wells.

PMID- 9948332
TI  - Elastic properties of SixSe1-x glasses.

PMID- 9948334
TI  - Thermal desorption, indirect lateral interactions, and the 2 pi resonance model
      of CO chemisorbed on transition metals.

PMID- 9948333
TI  - Normally unoccupied states on C(111) (diamond) (2 x 1): Support for a relaxed pi 
      bonded chain model.

PMID- 9948336
TI  - Brillouin cross sections and localized phonons in CaF2/Si heterostructures.

PMID- 9948335
TI  - Erratum: Anisotropy and infrared response of the GaAs-AlAs superlattice

PMID- 9948337
TI  - Ferromagnetism versus antiferromagnetism of the Cr(001) surface.

PMID- 9948339
TI  - Growth and magnetic characterization of Mn films and superlattices on Ag(001).

PMID- 9948338
TI  - Interference of surface relaxations in unsupported thin films.

PMID- 9948341
TI  - Electronic structure of CeCu6 and LaCu6.

PMID- 9948340
TI  - Pseudoexcitons in mixed-valence metals.

PMID- 9948342
TI  - Evidence for spin splitting in InxGa

PMID- 9948343
TI  - Plasmons and phonons bound to neutral donors in semiconductor quantum-well
      structures.

PMID- 9948344
TI  - Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in HgTe/CdTe superlattices grown by laser
      molecular-beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9948345
TI  - Quantized hole states detected by photoemission in ultrathin epitaxial CoSi2
      films on Si(111).

PMID- 9948346
TI  - Magnetoplasma effects in a quasi-three-dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9948347
TI  - Evidence of a magnetic-field-induced insulator-metal-insulator transition.

PMID- 9948348
TI  - Surface phonon frequencies and eigenvectors on Si(111) sqrt 3 x sqrt 3:Al.

PMID- 9948349
TI  - Sb-induced bulk band transitions in Si(111) and Si(001) observed in synchrotron
      photoemission studies.

PMID- 9948350
TI  - Excited states of the light- and heavy-hole free excitons observed in
      photoreflectance.

PMID- 9948351
TI  - Time-resolved Raman scattering of nonequilibrium LO phonons in GaAs quantum
      wells.

PMID- 9948352
TI  - Theory of the structure of high-pressure GaAs II.

PMID- 9948353
TI  - One-dimensional molecular-dynamics simulation of the detonation of nitric oxide.

PMID- 9948354
TI  - Band dispersion of an interface state: CaF2/Si(111).

PMID- 9948355
TI  - Multiplet contributions to the 2p3/2 x-ray photoemission spectrum of CuO.

PMID- 9948356
TI  - Angular distribution of photoelectrons from silver bromide and metallic silver
      through the Cooper minimum.

PMID- 9948357
TI  - Nonsymmorphic icosahedral space groups and their realization by tetrahedrally
      coordinated quasicrystals.

PMID- 9948358
TI  - Systematic approach to the calculation of the polarization-dependent (and
      polarization-averaged) general term of the curved-wave multiple-scattering series
      in the x-ray-absorption cross section.

PMID- 9948359
TI  - Thermal attenuation of satellite reflections in modulated structures.

PMID- 9948360
TI  - Dynamics of phase separation in a model for diffusion-limited crystal growth.

PMID- 9948361
TI  - Elastic energy of interaction of a point defect with a grain boundary.

PMID- 9948362
TI  - Thin-source concentration-dependent diffusion: A full solution.

PMID- 9948363
TI  - Spin-resolved photoemission from the (111) face of a platinum.

PMID- 9948364
TI  - Symmetry-restricted anharmonicities and the CsCl-to-7R martensitic structural
      phase transformation of the NixAl1-x system.

PMID- 9948365
TI  - Studies of copper valence states with Cu L3 x-ray-absorption spectroscopy.

PMID- 9948367
TI  - Multiplet-dependent wave functions from the local-spin-density approximation with
      self-interaction correction.

PMID- 9948366
TI  - Formation of an interfacial alloy and epitaxial bcc Cr layers on Au(100).

PMID- 9948368
TI  - Experimental evidence for room-temperature intermetallic compound formation at
      the Pd/Al interface.

PMID- 9948369
TI  - Surface corrugation and surface-polariton binding in the infrared frequency
      range.

PMID- 9948370
TI  - First-principles determination of the bulk phase diagram for body-centered
      tetragonal copper: Application to epitaxial growth of Cu on Fe{100}

PMID- 9948371
TI  - Metallic state of the free-electron gas within the self-interaction-corrected
      local-spin-density approximation.

PMID- 9948372
TI  - Percolative c(2 x 2) adlayer structure in nonequilibrium adsorption models.

PMID- 9948373
TI  - Oxygen 2s spectroscopy.

PMID- 9948375
TI  - Hydrogen-induced phase separation in amorphous Cu0.5Ti0.5 alloys. III. Computer
      simulation studies.

PMID- 9948374
TI  - Effective electron-electron interaction in metals and superconductors.

PMID- 9948376
TI  - Electronic structure of the NiSi2(111) surface: Disorder effects.

PMID- 9948377
TI  - Effect of elastic tension on the electrical resistance of HfTe5 and ZrTe5.

PMID- 9948378
TI  - Dimer-adatom-stacking-fault (DAS) and non-DAS (111) semiconductor surfaces: A
      comparison of Ge(111)-c(2 x 8) to Si(111)-(2 x 2), -(5 x 5), -(7 x 7), and -(9 x
      9) with scanning tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9948379
TI  - Silicon electron-nuclear double-resonance study of the NL10 heat-treatment
      center.

PMID- 9948380
TI  - Phonon coupling to core spectra in homopolar semiconductors.

PMID- 9948381
TI  - Oscillatory photoconductivity and photomagnetoresistance in the diluted magnetic
      semiconductor Cd1-xMnxTe.

PMID- 9948383
TI  - Dynamical theory of transport phenomena in solids based on their electronic
      dielectric properties.

PMID- 9948382
TI  - New theoretical approach of transition-metal impurities in semiconductors.

PMID- 9948384
TI  - Densities of vibrational states in isotopically substituted polyacetylene by the
      renormalization-group technique.

PMID- 9948385
TI  - Resonant Raman studies of confined LO modes and interface modes in a small-period
      GaAs/AlAs superlattice.

PMID- 9948386
TI  - Correspondence between the dependence of frequencies and intensities of GaAs and
      AlAs longitudinal-optical modes on the photon energy in a thin-layer GaAs-AlAs
      superlattice.

PMID- 9948387
TI  - Density-functional calculation of the parameters in the Anderson model:
      Application to Mn in CdTe.

PMID- 9948388
TI  - Effect of temperature on the electron distribution in illuminated
      heterostructures.

PMID- 9948389
TI  - InSb(100) reconstructions probed with core-level photoemission.

PMID- 9948390
TI  - Velocity versus temperature relation for solidification and melting of silicon: A
      molecular-dynamics study.

PMID- 9948391
TI  - Anisotropic superexchange and spin-resonance linewidth in diluted magnetic
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9948392
TI  - Atomic arrangement and electronic structure of BC2N.

PMID- 9948393
TI  - Hole trapping, light soaking, and secondary photocurrent transients in amorphous
      silicon.

PMID- 9948394
TI  - Buildup of III-V-compound semiconductor heterojunctions: Structural and
      electronic properties of monolayer-thick III-V overlayers on III-V substrates.

PMID- 9948396
TI  - Vibrational Raman studies of amorphous solid interfaces.

PMID- 9948395
TI  - Electronic structure of AlAs-GaAs superlattices.

PMID- 9948397
TI  - Infrared quenching of persistent photoconductivity in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs
      heterostructures.

PMID- 9948398
TI  - Interface response and rescaling approach to the eigenvectors of layered
      composite systems. I. Double-layer slab.

PMID- 9948399
TI  - Interface response and rescaling approach to the eigenvectors of layered
      composite systems. II. Triple-layer slab.

PMID- 9948400
TI  - Zero-resistance state in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs heterojunctions: Evidence for nearest
      neighbor hopping processes.

PMID- 9948401
TI  - Long-wavelength phonons in TlSbS2. II. Raman-active modes under hydrostatic
      pressure.

PMID- 9948402
TI  - Possibility of finding reliable solid-state tight-binding parameters for the Si-N
      bond through quantum-chemistry calculations.

PMID- 9948403
TI  - Lattice dynamics of isolated carbon in GaAs.

PMID- 9948405
TI  - Band lineups and deformation potentials in the model-solid theory.

PMID- 9948404
TI  - Phonon-wind-driven transport of photoexcited carriers in a semiconductor quantum
      well.

PMID- 9948406
TI  - Application of the linear muffin-tin-orbital band-structure method to calculate
      optical properties of solids.

PMID- 9948407
TI  - Calculation of optical properties of trans-polyacetylene by the linear muffin-tin
      orbital method.

PMID- 9948408
TI  - Defect structure of doped CaF2 at high temperatures.

PMID- 9948410
TI  - Metal-nonmetal transition induced by reorientation of the fluorine molecules in
      stage-2 graphite-fluorine compounds.

PMID- 9948409
TI  - Defect structure in transition-metal monoxides.

PMID- 9948411
TI  - Kramers-Kronig dispersive analysis and optical properties in the infrared, and
      revised vibrational behavior of orthorhombic Na2

PMID- 9948412
TI  - Origin of the plateau in the low-temperature thermal conductivity of silica.

PMID- 9948413
TI  - Fractional quantum Hall effect in two-layered systems.

PMID- 9948415
TI  - Work function of Pt(111).

PMID- 9948414
TI  - Polarized curved-wave extended x-ray-absorption fine structure: Theory and
      application.

PMID- 9948416
TI  - Quasicrystalline Ti-Ni-Fe-Si: Mossbauer indications for high transition-metal
      site symmetry.

PMID- 9948418
TI  - Why solids are not really crystalline.

PMID- 9948417
TI  - Susceptibility line shape of a field-induced two-dimensional hole gas.

PMID- 9948419
TI  - Generalized model for the optical absorption edge in a-Si:H.

PMID- 9948420
TI  - Modified Thomas-Fermi theory for depletion and accumulation layers in n-type
      GaAs.

PMID- 9948422
TI  - Eu2+-->Mn2+ energy transfer in monocrystalline NaCl and NaBr.

PMID- 9948421
TI  - Photoemission studies of the metal-nonmetal transition of sodium on solid
      ammonia.

PMID- 9948423
TI  - Comment on "Quasicrystal structure of rapidly solidified Ti-Ni-based alloys"

PMID- 9948425
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Atomic model for the EL2 defect in GaAs"

PMID- 9948424
TI  - Comment on "Atomic model for the EL2 defect in GaAs"

PMID- 9948426
TI  - Exchange interaction in type-II quantum wells.

PMID- 9948427
TI  - Identification of a trigonal cation antisite defect in gallium arsenide.

PMID- 9948428
TI  - Resonant hyper-Raman scattering due to the forbidden LO phonon in SrTiO3.

PMID- 9948430
TI  - Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times for mixtures of ortho- and para-H2: High
      ortho-H2 concentration.

PMID- 9948429
TI  - Optical dephasing, hyperfine structure, and hyperfine relaxation associated with
      the 580.8-nm 7F0-5D0 transition of europium in Eu3+:Y2O3.

PMID- 9948431
TI  - Electronic excitation spectra and energy losses of slow ions in solids.

PMID- 9948433
TI  - Low-temperature localized motion of hydrogen and electronic structure transition
      in hexagonal-close-packed scandium.

PMID- 9948432
TI  - Deuteron NMR and a model for phase transitions in monoclinic RbD2PO4.

PMID- 9948434
TI  - Initial state effects in deep inelastic neutron scattering.

PMID- 9948436
TI  - Mn2+ EPR study of phase transitions in dicalcium lead propionate Ca2Pb(C2H5COO)6:
      Determination of critical exponent below the ferroelectric phase transition and
      comparison with EPR studies on Ca2Ba(C2H5COO)6 and Ca2Sr(C2H5COO)6.

PMID- 9948435
TI  - Stage-III recovery in alpha -iron studied by means of nuclear magnetic resonance
      on oriented 131I nuclei.

PMID- 9948438
TI  - Technique for measuring the elementary pinning force in thin films.

PMID- 9948437
TI  - Secondary electron emission by channeled positrons and electrons.

PMID- 9948439
TI  - Tunneling in artificial Al2O3 tunnel barriers and Al2O3-metal multilayers.

PMID- 9948441
TI  - Path-integral simulation of the superfluid transition in two-dimensional 4He.

PMID- 9948440
TI  - Electromagnetic response of disordered superconductors.

PMID- 9948442
TI  - Angle dependence of the upper critical field of superconducting superlattices.

PMID- 9948443
TI  - Resistance anomaly near the localized-delocalized crossover point in the CeSix
      system.

PMID- 9948444
TI  - Fermi-surface geometry and pressure effects on the spin-fluctuation contributions
      to the specific heat: Anisotropic spin-fluctuation model for heavy-fermion UPt3.

PMID- 9948446
TI  - Localization of shear horizontal surface acoustic waves on a disordered surface.

PMID- 9948445
TI  - Van Hove correlation functions for identical fermions.

PMID- 9948448
TI  - Thermal detection of flux-flow noise in type-II superconductors.

PMID- 9948447
TI  - Theory of superconducting wire networks and Josephson-junction arrays in magnetic
      fields.

PMID- 9948449
TI  - Gutzwiller approximation for the Emery model.

PMID- 9948450
TI  - Ultrasonic attenuation investigation of the reentrant superconductor
      Er0.705H0.295Rh4B4.

PMID- 9948451
TI  - Shock-vortex interaction in superfluid helium.

PMID- 9948452
TI  - Quasispin-operator description of the Josephson tunnel junction and the Josephson
      plasma frequency.

PMID- 9948453
TI  - Specific heat of a d-wave superconductor stabilized by antiferromagnetic
      fluctuations.

PMID- 9948455
TI  - Phenomenological theory of the superconductivity phase diagram of U1-xThx

PMID- 9948454
TI  - Quasi-one-dimensional disordered bipolaronic superconductor.

PMID- 9948456
TI  - First-principles calculation of the superconducting gap function due to electron
      electron interaction for YBa2Cu

PMID- 9948459
TI  - Competing order parameters for increased Tc in "polytype" multilayer Cu-O
      systems.

PMID- 9948457
TI  - Neutron crystal-field spectroscopy and magnetic properties of DyBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9948458
TI  - Temperature dependence of the critical current in high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9948461
TI  - Infrared study of anisotropy in single-crystal La2-xSrxCuO4.

PMID- 9948460
TI  - Raman-active phonons in the high-temperature superconductors and results in
      Bi2Sr2CuO6.

PMID- 9948462
TI  - Photoemission study of Bi2(Sr,Ca)3Cu2Oy.

PMID- 9948463
TI  - Point-contact tunneling in monophasic and polyphasic Y-Ba-Cu-O samples:
      Experiment and model.

PMID- 9948465
TI  - Theory of nuclear relaxation in superconducting high-Tc oxides.

PMID- 9948464
TI  - Oxygen isotope study of YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9948466
TI  - Raman study of pure and doped (Li,Sr) single crystals of La2CuO4-y.

PMID- 9948467
TI  - Cyclic four-spin exchange on a two-dimensional square lattice: Possible
      applications in high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9948469
TI  - Quadrupolar relaxation and hopping motion of oxygen in YBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9948468
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission from epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-x(001) films.

PMID- 9948470
TI  - Hall coefficients and optical properties of La2-xSrxCuO4 single-crystal thin
      films.

PMID- 9948471
TI  - Cu nuclear quadrupole resonance of YBa2Cu3Ox with varying oxygen content.

PMID- 9948472
TI  - Synthesis and magnetic properties of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu oxide 80- and 110-K
      superconductors.

PMID- 9948473
TI  - Successive antiferromagnetic phase transitions in single-crystal La2CoO4.

PMID- 9948475
TI  - Multiple superconducting transition in ceramic YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9948474
TI  - Two-dimensional quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet at low temperatures.

PMID- 9948476
TI  - Relaxation-time enhancement in the heavy-fermion systems CePd3 and UPt3.

PMID- 9948477
TI  - Conformal invariance and critical behavior of the O(n) model on the honeycomb
      lattice.

PMID- 9948478
TI  - Cascade effects in a nonequilibrium phase transition with metallurgical
      relevance.

PMID- 9948479
TI  - Molecular theory for the rheology of glasses and polymers.

PMID- 9948480
TI  - Ferromagnetic instability in the heavy-electron compound URu2Si2 doped with Re or
      Tc.

PMID- 9948482
TI  - Magnetic susceptibility and low-temperature heat capacity of CePd3B0.3.

PMID- 9948481
TI  - Dielectric and polarization measurements on BaTiO3 at high pressures to the
      tricritical point.

PMID- 9948483
TI  - Determination of effective-pair interactions in random alloys by configurational
      averaging.

PMID- 9948484
TI  - Neutron spin-echo study of sodium nitrite near the incommensurate transition.

PMID- 9948485
TI  - Thermodynamics of freezing in two dimensions: The compressibility of monolayer
      xenon on graphite.

PMID- 9948486
TI  - Elastic softening versus amorphization in a simple model of ion-induced radiation
      damage.

PMID- 9948488
TI  - Ground-state properties of the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg
      model.

PMID- 9948487
TI  - Dynamics of incommensurate structures and inelastic neutron scattering.

PMID- 9948489
TI  - Critical behavior of n-->0 gauge-invariant theory: Self-avoiding random surfaces.

PMID- 9948490
TI  - Simulated growth of wetting films with a conserved order parameter.

PMID- 9948491
TI  - Amplitude-mode polaritons in the incommensurate phase of quartz.

PMID- 9948492
TI  - Microwave conductivity of pinned spin-density waves and charge-density waves.

PMID- 9948493
TI  - Monte Carlo studies of slow relaxation in diluted antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9948494
TI  - Raman study of the alpha --> beta structural phase transition of solid N2.

PMID- 9948495
TI  - Ferromagnetism in hexagonal-close-packed elements.

PMID- 9948497
TI  - Magnetic dimensional resonances in Fe3O4 spheres.

PMID- 9948496
TI  - Role of noise in the initial stage of solidification instability.

PMID- 9948498
TI  - Weak localization in normal-metal loops: Influence of boundary conditions.

PMID- 9948499
TI  - 133Cs nuclear magnetic resonance study of one-dimensional fluctuations in CsH2PO4
      and its ferroelectric and antiferroelectric transitions at high pressure.

PMID- 9948500
TI  - Crystal-field excitations in CeX2Si2 (X=Au, Ag, Pd, and Ru).

PMID- 9948501
TI  - Spin-(1/2 antiferromagnetic XXZ chain: New results and insights.

PMID- 9948503
TI  - P-T-H phase diagram of heavy-electron UCd11.

PMID- 9948502
TI  - Magnetic properties of the diluted magnetic semiconductor Zn1-xFexSe.

PMID- 9948505
TI  - Magnetic properties of interacting copper trimer systems.

PMID- 9948504
TI  - Magnetic excitations in semiconductor superlattices.

PMID- 9948507
TI  - Finite-size effects in Heisenberg antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9948506
TI  - Collective excitations in anisotropic ferromagnetic-nonmagnetic superlattices.

PMID- 9948508
TI  - Critical and paramagnetic spin fluctuations in Heisenberg magnets.

PMID- 9948509
TI  - Wetting in a two-dimensional random-bond Ising model.

PMID- 9948510
TI  - Diffusion in the Lennard-Jones glass model studied by equilibrium and
      nonequilibrium molecular dynamics.

PMID- 9948511
TI  - Compressibility and stability of icosahedral Al-Mn up to 28 GPa.

PMID- 9948513
TI  - Generalized master equations from the nonlinear Schrodinger equation and
      propagation in an infinite chain.

PMID- 9948512
TI  - Eu2CuO4: An anisotropic Van Vleck paramagnet.

PMID- 9948514
TI  - Dynamic structure factor for the Fibonacci-chain quasicrystal.

PMID- 9948515
TI  - Scaling and multiscaling laws in random fuse networks.

PMID- 9948516
TI  - Surface impurity problem in the Hubbard model: A renormalization-group study.

PMID- 9948517
TI  - Surface trapping of excitons in rare-gas solids.

PMID- 9948518
TI  - Difference in ranges of positrons and electrons in rare-earth metals.

PMID- 9948519
TI  - Antisymmetric part of the dynamic structure function of liquid 4He.

PMID- 9948520
TI  - Model-independent bounds for the potential and kinetic energy of liquid 4He at
      zero temperature.

PMID- 9948521
TI  - Observation of the persistent-current splitting of a third-sound resonator.

PMID- 9948523
TI  - Normal modes and nonlinear effects in Josephson arrays.

PMID- 9948522
TI  - van der Waals study of liquid-vapor coexistence in 4He.

PMID- 9948524
TI  - Pressure effect on superconducting transition-temperature relaxation behavior of
      the Zr70Cu30 amorphous alloy on annealing at elevated pressures.

PMID- 9948525
TI  - New type of superconductivity in very high magnetic fields.

PMID- 9948526
TI  - Slope of specific-heat jump at Tc in a very strong-coupling superconductor.

PMID- 9948527
TI  - Tunneling inversion with an excitonic contribution.

PMID- 9948528
TI  - Superconductivity in YBa1.95Cs0.05Cu3O7-y granular ceramics.

PMID- 9948529
TI  - Particle-size and temperature dependence of microwave noise in superconducting
      YBa2Cu3O7-y: Evidence for random Josephson junctions.

PMID- 9948530
TI  - Unoccupied electronic structure of single-crystal La2CuO4.

PMID- 9948531
TI  - Superconductivity and acoustic plasmons in the two-dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9948532
TI  - Observation of trapped O2 in high-Tc metal oxide superconductors.

PMID- 9948534
TI  - X-ray, neutron-, and electron diffraction study of the incommensurate structure
      in single cystals of Bi2.2Sr1.9CaCu2O8+x.

PMID- 9948533
TI  - Muon-spin-rotation measurement of magnetic field penetration and flux pinning in
      superconducting EuBa2Cu3Ox.

PMID- 9948535
TI  - Correspondence between two-dimensional bosons and a bulk superconductor in a
      magnetic field.

PMID- 9948536
TI  - Enhancement of Cu-O vibrational modes and superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O7- delta
      studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution electron-energy
      loss spectroscopy.

PMID- 9948537
TI  - Oxygen-deficiency dependence of the thermopower of YBa2Cu3O7-y.

PMID- 9948538
TI  - Fluctuation conductivity of high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9948539
TI  - Calculation of Raman- and infrared-active modes of Bi2CaSr2Cu2O8.

PMID- 9948540
TI  - Noise in the microwave absorption of YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9948541
TI  - c-axis thermal expansion of the Tl2Ba2CaCu2Ox superconductor.

PMID- 9948543
TI  - Oxygen stoichiometry, disordering, and the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal transition
      in YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9948542
TI  - Anisotropic electronic Raman scattering in untwinned YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9948544
TI  - Local structure distortion in a YBa2-0.52Sr0.52Cu3O7 superconductor.

PMID- 9948546
TI  - Evidence of Josephson junctions in sintered YBa2Cu3O7 samples by means of
      microwave absorption in a low magnetic field.

PMID- 9948545
TI  - Zero resistance up to 162 K in a multiphase Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O system.

PMID- 9948547
TI  - Superparamagnetic relaxation in Co0.7Cu0.15Fe0.15Cr2S4.

PMID- 9948548
TI  - Two-layer film of Fe(CO)5 adsorbed on a (0001) graphite plane: Mossbauer studies.

PMID- 9948549
TI  - Phase transition in random-anisotropy magnets.

PMID- 9948551
TI  - Critical behavior of the SU(3) ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain.

PMID- 9948550
TI  - Effective-medium theory for the fracture of fractal porous media.

PMID- 9948553
TI  - Effect of finite size on magnetoresistance.

PMID- 9948552
TI  - Computer studies of magnetization for amorphous Fe1-xZrxHy alloys.

PMID- 9948554
TI  - Observation of a metastable state in monolayers of carbon tetrafluoride on
      graphite.

PMID- 9948556
TI  - 1/n expansion for quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9948555
TI  - Electron correlations in one dimension: The Hubbard model.

PMID- 9948557
TI  - Specific heat of disordered Xe films at low temperatures.

PMID- 9948558
TI  - Linear dichroism study of the structural phase transition of BaMnF4.

PMID- 9948559
TI  - Flory formula as an extended law of large numbers.

PMID- 9948560
TI  - Comment on a mean-field theory of quantum antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9948561
TI  - Current-driven plasma instabilities in superconductors.

PMID- 9948563
TI  - New paramagnetic center in amorphous silicon doped with rare-earth elements.

PMID- 9948562
TI  - Calculation of the paramagnetic host spin-lattice relaxation time from impurity
      ion EPR linewidth.

PMID- 9948564
TI  - Observation of the localized Si dangling-bond Pb defect at the Si/Si3N4
      interface.

PMID- 9948565
TI  - Static and dynamic spin fluctuations in superconducting La2-xSrxCuO4.

PMID- 9948566
TI  - Bulk modulus and its pressure derivative of YBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9948567
TI  - Fermi-liquid versus non-Fermi-liquid behavior in a two-band model of high
      temperature superconductivity.

PMID- 9948569
TI  - Flux expulsion and penetration in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9948568
TI  - Mean-field calculation for the weak ferromagnetic transition in La2-xSrxCuO4.

PMID- 9948570
TI  - Two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet with next-nearest-neighbor coupling.

PMID- 9948572
TI  - Calculated photoemission, inverse photoemission, and x-ray emission spectra of
      high-Tc superconductors: Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 and Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10.

PMID- 9948571
TI  - Reaction of Rb and oxygen overlayers with single-crystalline Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+ delta
      superconductors.

PMID- 9948573
TI  - Magnetostriction of single-crystal La2CuO4.

PMID- 9948574
TI  - Static and dynamic Cu NMR tensors of YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9948575
TI  - Quantized topological point defects in two-dimensional antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9948576
TI  - Effect of Ag on the surface barrier for depletion of oxygen from polycrystalline
      YBa2Cu3O7 oxides.

PMID- 9948577
TI  - Hole concentrations, Hall number, and Tc relationships in substituted YBa2Cu3Oy.

PMID- 9948579
TI  - Critical current density obtained from particle-size dependence of magnetization
      in YBa2Cu3O7- delta powders.

PMID- 9948578
TI  - Superconductivity above 77 K in the R-Tl-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system (R represents rare
      earths).

PMID- 9948580
TI  - Attractive interactions from repulsive forces in a multiband Hubbard model.

PMID- 9948582
TI  - Extraordinary effect of aluminum substitution on the upper critical field of
      Ba2YCu3O7.

PMID- 9948581
TI  - Resonant inverse photoemission of Bi2Ca1+xSr2-xCu2O8+y and YBa2Cu3O7-x,
      unoccupied oxygen states, and plasmons.

PMID- 9948583
TI  - Temperature dependence of lower critical fields in Y-Ba-Cu-O crystals.

PMID- 9948585
TI  - Solvable models of corner wetting in two and three dimensions.

PMID- 9948584
TI  - Fermi-surface instabilities of a generalized two-dimensional Hubbard model.

PMID- 9948587
TI  - Current conservation and the nonlinear sigma model in mesoscopic systems.

PMID- 9948586
TI  - Percolation and phase transitions of hard-core particles on lattices: Monte Carlo
      approach.

PMID- 9948589
TI  - Magnetically driven lattice instabilities.

PMID- 9948588
TI  - Superconducting pairing of holes in the antiferromagnetic state of the two
      dimensional Hubbard model.

PMID- 9948590
TI  - Experimental Fermi surface of Mo(011).

PMID- 9948591
TI  - Force-balance theory of resistivity.

PMID- 9948592
TI  - Divergences in the force-balance theory of resistivity.

PMID- 9948593
TI  - Adiabatic and isothermal resistivities.

PMID- 9948594
TI  - Calculated electronic structure of Au13 clusters.

PMID- 9948595
TI  - Structural phase stability in lithium to ultrahigh pressures.

PMID- 9948596
TI  - Antilocalization and electron-electron interaction in thin granular palladium
      carbon mixture films.

PMID- 9948597
TI  - Persistence of the Au(100)-(1 x 1) M-bar3 surface state at the Cr/Au(100)
      interface: Epitaxial growth of a gold-chromium alloy.

PMID- 9948599
TI  - Fermi-surface structure of potassium in the charge-density-wave state.

PMID- 9948598
TI  - Noise and ac-dc interference phenomena in the charge-density-wave conductor
      K0.3MoO

PMID- 9948600
TI  - Static electric polarizabilities and collective resonance frequencies of small
      metal clusters.

PMID- 9948601
TI  - Structural phase transitions with little phonon softening and first-order
      character.

PMID- 9948602
TI  - Golden-rule approach to the soft-x-ray-absorption problem. V. Thermal broadening
      and comparison with experiments in quantum wells.

PMID- 9948603
TI  - Low-temperature properties of an Yb impurity in a metallic host with an axial
      crystalline field.

PMID- 9948604
TI  - Optical second-harmonic generation with grating-coupled surface plasmons from a
      quartz-silver-quartz grating structure.

PMID- 9948606
TI  - Phonon spectra of alkali metals in real space.

PMID- 9948605
TI  - Quantum oscillations in the point-contact magnetoresistance.

PMID- 9948607
TI  - Theory of ortho-para conversion in hydrogen adsorbed on metal and paramagnetic
      surfaces at low temperatures.

PMID- 9948609
TI  - Optical absorption of linear-chain gold complexes under pressure: AuX2
      dibenzylsulfide (X2=Cl2,Br2,ClBr).

PMID- 9948610
TI  - Local environment of arsenic impurities in semi-insulating polycrystalline
      silicon.

PMID- 9948608
TI  - Adsorption distance of S on Ni(001): An electron-energy-loss-spectroscopy cross
      section analysis of the Ni(001)-c(2 x 2)S system.

PMID- 9948612
TI  - Resonant tunneling in zero-dimensional nanostructures.

PMID- 9948611
TI  - Photoluminescence spectra of oxygen-doped ZnSe grown by molecular-beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9948614
TI  - Theoretical phase stability of incommensurable spin structures on the {001}
      surfaces of MnO-type antiferromagnetic semiconductors.

PMID- 9948613
TI  - Optical characterization of a deep (Cu-C)-related complex defect in GaP.

PMID- 9948615
TI  - Brillouin-zone integration by Fourier quadrature: Special points for superlattice
      and supercell calculations.

PMID- 9948617
TI  - Effect of pressure on the optical absorption in GaP and GaxIn1-xP (x=0.36 and
      0.5).

PMID- 9948616
TI  - Isoelectronic delta doping in a ZnSe superlattice: Tellurium as an efficient hole
      trap.

PMID- 9948618
TI  - Equilibrium theory of strained epitaxial layers.

PMID- 9948620
TI  - Optical detection of electron-nuclear double resonance for a donor in oxygen
      doped GaP.

PMID- 9948619
TI  - Theory of relative native- and impurity-defect abundances in compound
      semiconductors and the factors that influence them.

PMID- 9948622
TI  - Core-level photoemission studies of the alpha -Sn/InSb(100) heterostructure
      system.

PMID- 9948621
TI  - Optical transitions involving unconfined energy states in InxGa

PMID- 9948623
TI  - Cyclotron resonance of a magnetopolaron in a semiconductor quantum well.

PMID- 9948625
TI  - Stability of the strained-layer superlattice (GaP)1/(InP)1 (001).

PMID- 9948624
TI  - Infrared absorption properties of the EL2 and the isolated AsGa defects in
      neutron-transmutation-doped GaAs: Generation of an EL2-like defect.

PMID- 9948627
TI  - Pressure dependence of structural and electronic properties of polysilane alloys.

PMID- 9948626
TI  - Resonance Raman scattering induced by interface roughness in a short-period
      GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs superlattice.

PMID- 9948628
TI  - Cr, Co, Pd, Au, and In overlayers on PbS(100): Adatom interactions and interface
      formation.

PMID- 9948629
TI  - Inelastic mean free paths for electrons at disordered interfaces.

PMID- 9948630
TI  - Band gaps and spin-orbit splitting of ordered and disordered AlxGa1-xAs and
      GaAsxSb1-x alloys.

PMID- 9948632
TI  - Pseudopotential approach to long-period narrow-gap superlattices.

PMID- 9948631
TI  - Quasiparticle lifetime of excited carriers in a semiconductor superlattice.

PMID- 9948633
TI  - Electronic structures and doping of InN, InxGa1-xN, and InxAl1-xN.

PMID- 9948634
TI  - Hydrogen-related center with tetrahedral symmetry in ion-implanted silicon.

PMID- 9948635
TI  - Nonlinear refractive index of optical crystals.

PMID- 9948636
TI  - First-principles calculation of the shock-wave equation of state of isotopic
      lithium hydrides.

PMID- 9948639
TI  - Anharmonic resonant modes and the low-temperature specific heat of glasses.

PMID- 9948637
TI  - High-temperature phase transitions in LiKSO4.

PMID- 9948638
TI  - X-ray absorption spectroscopy on solid krypton up to 20 GPa.

PMID- 9948640
TI  - Correlation satellites in deep metal 3p core x-ray photoemission of tetravalent
      oxides MO2 (M=Ce,Pr,Tb,Hf) and of LaF3.

PMID- 9948641
TI  - Exact asymptotic behavior of the charge and spin susceptibilities in an
      interacting Fermi liquid.

PMID- 9948643
TI  - Surface extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure spectroscopy measurement using
      the evanescent-wave effect of fluorescent x rays.

PMID- 9948644
TI  - Ab initio pseudopotential solid-state calculations of highly electronegative
      first-row elements.

PMID- 9948642
TI  - Cr-Gd exchange coupling constants in Cr-doped GdAlO3.

PMID- 9948646
TI  - Evidence of anomalous intermediate-range ordering in superionic borate glasses
      from neutron diffraction.

PMID- 9948645
TI  - Ground- and excited-state impurity bands in quantum wells.

PMID- 9948647
TI  - Comment on "Time-resolved photoluminescence of Fe3+ ions in fluorozirconate
      glass"

PMID- 9948648
TI  - Erratum: Short-range order in a partially crystallized Fe0.86B

PMID- 9948649
TI  - Luttinger parameters for GaAs determined from the intersubband transitions in
      GaAs/AlxGa

PMID- 9948650
TI  - Mean-field analysis of two antiferromagnetically coupled Anderson impurities.

PMID- 9948651
TI  - Localization-dependent thermalization of excitons in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum
      wells.

PMID- 9948652
TI  - Fluctuations in submicrometer semiconducting devices caused by the random
      positions of dopants.

PMID- 9948654
TI  - Pressure dependence of the Pb center at the <111> Si/SiO2 interface.

PMID- 9948653
TI  - Resonant tunneling in a transverse magnetic field: Transition from the electric
      to the magnetic quantum limit.

PMID- 9948655
TI  - Phase-coherent control of photocurrent directionality in semiconductors.

PMID- 9948657
TI  - Soliton contributions to the third-order susceptibility of polyacetylene.

PMID- 9948656
TI  - Magnetic field studies of elastic scattering and optic-phonon emission in
      resonant-tunneling devices.

PMID- 9948658
TI  - Effect of under- and overcoordination on the electronic structure of amorphous
      silicon.

PMID- 9948659
TI  - Neutralization of noble-gas ions at very low energies.

PMID- 9948660
TI  - Characterization of the incommensurate phase of

PMID- 9948661
TI  - Shadow-cone-enhanced secondary-ion mass-spectrometry studies of Ag{110}

PMID- 9948663
TI  - Theory of Auger core-valence-valence processes in simple metals. I. Total yields
      and core-level lifetime widths.

PMID- 9948662
TI  - pi -d backbonding band dispersion and final-state effects for the (2 x 1) p2mg
      phase of CO on Ni(110).

PMID- 9948664
TI  - Theory of Auger core-valence-valence processes in simple metals. II. Dynamical
      and surface effects on Auger line shapes.

PMID- 9948665
TI  - Calculation of Coulomb interaction strengths for 3d transition metals and
      actinides.

PMID- 9948666
TI  - Effects of the dispersion of sizes in the dielectric response of composites.

PMID- 9948667
TI  - Classical versus quantum models of charge-density-wave depinning in quasi-one
      dimensional metals.

PMID- 9948668
TI  - Multipole vibrations of small alkali-metal spheres in a semiclassical
      description.

PMID- 9948670
TI  - Elastic constants of the beta -Cu-Zn alloy system: A Monte Carlo study.

PMID- 9948669
TI  - Multipolar expansions for the empty-lattice problem.

PMID- 9948671
TI  - Half-integer and integer quantum-flux periods in the magnetoresistance of one
      dimensional rings.

PMID- 9948672
TI  - Computation of total and partial structure factors, coordination number, and
      compressibility with self- and mutual-diffusion coefficients of Hg-In alloy.

PMID- 9948673
TI  - ac conductivity of emeraldine polymer.

PMID- 9948675
TI  - Far-infrared absorption by aluminum small particles.

PMID- 9948674
TI  - Microwave transport in the emeraldine form of polyaniline.

PMID- 9948676
TI  - Exact results for the scattering of electromagnetic waves with a nonlinear film.

PMID- 9948678
TI  - Diffuse inelastic scattering of atoms from surfaces.

PMID- 9948677
TI  - Electronic structure of HfN0.93(100) studied by angle-resolved photoemission.

PMID- 9948679
TI  - Structural, thermal, and magnetic properties of icosahedral Al-Cr-Mn-Si alloys.

PMID- 9948680
TI  - Model for a vibrating disordered binary alloy.

PMID- 9948681
TI  - Incipient oxidation of magnesium: A high-resolution electron-energy-loss and
      photoemission study.

PMID- 9948682
TI  - Influence of misfit and bonding on the mode of growth in epitaxy.

PMID- 9948684
TI  - Formation of Frohlich bipolarons.

PMID- 9948683
TI  - Renormalization-group method for studying the spectra of disordered square
      lattices.

PMID- 9948686
TI  - Local density of states in double-barrier resonant-tunneling structures. II.
      Finite-width barriers.

PMID- 9948685
TI  - Comparative photoemission study of the adsorption of NO2, N2O, and NH3 on a-Si
      surfaces at low temperature.

PMID- 9948687
TI  - Picosecond photoinduced-absorption studies of band-tail thermalization in
      hydrogenated amorphous silicon-carbon alloys.

PMID- 9948688
TI  - Spectroscopy of bound excitons in cubic ZnS at moderate to high excitation
      densities.

PMID- 9948689
TI  - Transient photoconductivity in Ge:Be due to Be+ formation.

PMID- 9948691
TI  - Simulation of silicon clusters and surfaces via tight-binding molecular dynamics.

PMID- 9948690
TI  - Raman scattering on periodic Fibonacci superlattices: The building up of a
      quasiperiodic order.

PMID- 9948692
TI  - Optical third-harmonic generation in polyacetylene.

PMID- 9948693
TI  - Optical studies of bonding in coevaporated amorphous silicon-tin alloys.

PMID- 9948694
TI  - Initial stages of oxygen adsorption on Si(111): The stable state.

PMID- 9948695
TI  - Transport properties of polycrystalline Tl0.33MoO3 compounds.

PMID- 9948697
TI  - Valence-band levels and optical transitions in quantum wells in a parallel
      magnetic field.

PMID- 9948696
TI  - Electronic structure of Ge/Si monolayer strained-layer superlattices.

PMID- 9948698
TI  - Fermi-Dirac statistics and the nature of the compensating donors in boron-doped
      diamond layers.

PMID- 9948699
TI  - Harmonic generation of Alfven and helicon waves in semiconductors.

PMID- 9948700
TI  - Transmission spectroscopy on sawtooth-doping superlattices.

PMID- 9948702
TI  - Subband-Landau-level coupling in GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs heterojunctions.

PMID- 9948701
TI  - Exact quantum-mechanical propagator for an electron in a saddle-point potential
      and a magnetic field.

PMID- 9948703
TI  - Electronic properties of micro-n-i-p-i structures in silicon.

PMID- 9948704
TI  - Photoemission spectroscopy of heterojunctions of hydrogenated amorphous silicon
      with silicon oxide and nitride.

PMID- 9948705
TI  - Influences of particle-hole Hartree interaction on magnetoresistances in
      disordered two-dimensional hole systems.

PMID- 9948706
TI  - Anomalous asymmetry of the electric field gradient at the Ti site in
      Ba2(Ti0.95Hf0.05) (Ge2xSi2-2x)O8 ceramics measured by perturbed-angular
      correlation spectroscopy.

PMID- 9948707
TI  - Temperature-dependent Raman study of ammonium perchlorate single crystals:
      Evidence for NH4+ quantum rotation below 30 K.

PMID- 9948708
TI  - Multiphonon dephasing of the 1086-cm-1 mode in calcite.

PMID- 9948709
TI  - Comparison of the interactions of H2 and rare-gas atoms with surfaces of
      insulators.

PMID- 9948710
TI  - Phenomenological piezoelectricity of polymer insulators.

PMID- 9948711
TI  - Electron-irradiation effects on the infrared absorption properties of the EL2
      defect in GaAs.

PMID- 9948712
TI  - Spectral representation for the polarizability of a collection of dielectric
      spheres.

PMID- 9948713
TI  - Structure factor of alkaline-earth metals: Evaluation through the charged-hard
      sphere approximation.

PMID- 9948715
TI  - Dispersion relation for coupled surface plasmon and surface optical-phonon waves
      in polar semiconductors for some finite geometries.

PMID- 9948714
TI  - Connection between topology and pi -electron structure in amorphous carbon.

PMID- 9948716
TI  - Hydrogen vibrations in CdS.

PMID- 9948717
TI  - Analytic solution for the metal-insulator transition in a one-dimensional
      conductor.

PMID- 9948718
TI  - Dependence of energy shifts on the field direction in a graded Ga1-xAlxAs quantum
      well.

PMID- 9948720
TI  - Ultrasonic-phase-velocity measurements in electron-irradiated quartz.

PMID- 9948719
TI  - Selective adsorption in 4He-MgO scattering.

PMID- 9948721
TI  - Comment on "Luminescence of fused silica: Observation of the O2- emission band"

PMID- 9948722
TI  - Transient transport in a quasi-one-dimensional hopping model with a power-law
      distribution of transition rates.

PMID- 9948723
TI  - Onset of surface corrugation in molecular scattering from Ag(111).

PMID- 9948724
TI  - Atomic and electronic structure of the Na/Si(001)-2 x 1 surface.

PMID- 9948725
TI  - Resonant quasiconfined optical phonons in semiconductor superlattices.

PMID- 9948726
TI  - Ultraviolet photoemission study of the initial adsorption of Pb on Si(100)2 x 1.

PMID- 9948727
TI  - Grating-assisted Raman scattering of plasmons in layered two-dimensional electron
      systems.

PMID- 9948728
TI  - Effects of high atom densities on the NMR relaxation times in solid T2 and DT.

PMID- 9948729
TI  - Planar channeling in superlattices: Resonance channeling.

PMID- 9948730
TI  - Spontaneous interfacial polarization transfer between 19F and 1H.

PMID- 9948731
TI  - Two-dimensional angular correlation of annihilation radiation study of positron
      interactions with surfaces of aluminum.

PMID- 9948732
TI  - Two-dimensional physisorbed N2 on grafoil studied by positron annihilation
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9948733
TI  - EPR studies of a new family of organic conductors:
      Dimethyl(ethylenedithio)diselenadithiafulvalene compounds (DMET)2X

PMID- 9948734
TI  - Electron paramagnetic resonance study of Fe3+ in alpha -quartz: Hydrogen
      compensated center.

PMID- 9948735
TI  - First-principles study of the conduction-electron-mediated interactions between
      nuclear spins in copper metal.

PMID- 9948736
TI  - Theory of deep inelastic neutron scattering. II. Application to normal and
      superfluid 4He.

PMID- 9948737
TI  - Population dynamics of a Bose gas near saturation.

PMID- 9948738
TI  - NMR investigation of the electronic structure of expanded liquid cesium.

PMID- 9948740
TI  - Reexamination of magnetic effects in the Bose gas.

PMID- 9948739
TI  - Fluorescence and magnetic resonance spectra of Nd3+ and Er3+ ions in single
      crystals of LaCl3.

PMID- 9948741
TI  - Critical properties of the Z(p)-symmetric spin models from an exact finite
      lattice approach.

PMID- 9948742
TI  - Calculation of the phase diagram of 3He-4He solid and liquid mixtures.

PMID- 9948744
TI  - Possibility of the vortex-antivortex transition temperature of a thin-film
      superconductor being renormalized by disorder.

PMID- 9948743
TI  - Influence of local correlations on dynamical susceptibilities of electronic
      systems.

PMID- 9948745
TI  - Isotope effects and pressure dependence of the Tc of superconducting
      stoichiometric PdH and PdD synthesized and measured in a diamond anvil cell.

PMID- 9948747
TI  - Vibrational analysis of tetragonal La2-xMxCuO4 (M=Sr,Ba).

PMID- 9948746
TI  - Crystal-field splittings in the cubic Heusler alloys HoPd2Sn and ErPd2Sn.

PMID- 9948748
TI  - Polaronic state of electrons on the surface of liquid-helium films: A self
      consistent treatment.

PMID- 9948750
TI  - Superconducting classes of heavy-fermion materials.

PMID- 9948749
TI  - Determination of the perpendicular penetration depth in superconducting thin
      films from the observation of nonuniform supercurrent flow.

PMID- 9948751
TI  - Spin dynamics of CeX2Si2 (X=Au, Pd, Rh, Ru).

PMID- 9948752
TI  - Low-temperature properties of an almost-localized Fermi liquid.

PMID- 9948753
TI  - Superfluid 3He-B in a weak link.

PMID- 9948754
TI  - 3He as an almost-localized Fermi liquid: The superfluid transition temperature.

PMID- 9948755
TI  - Density profile of the weakly interacting Bose gas confined in a potential well:
      Nonzero temperature.

PMID- 9948757
TI  - Pauli limiting of the upper critical magnetic field.

PMID- 9948756
TI  - Density profile of the weakly interacting Fermi gas confined in a potential well:
      Nonzero temperature.

PMID- 9948758
TI  - Correlation between electronegativity and superconductivity.

PMID- 9948759
TI  - Superconducting and normal-state properties of La1.85Sr0.15Cu1-xGaxBO4.

PMID- 9948760
TI  - c-axis stress dependence of normal and superconducting state properties of
      YBa2Cu3O7.

PMID- 9948761
TI  - Tight-binding Hamiltonians for high-temperature superconductors and applications
      to coherent-potential-approximation calculations of the electronic properties of
      La2-xBaxCuO4-y.

PMID- 9948763
TI  - In-plane paraconductivity in a single crystal of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9948762
TI  - Magnetic-field-dependent microwave properties of YBa2Cu3Ox single crystals.

PMID- 9948765
TI  - Mossbauer isomer-shift anomalies in a superconductor.

PMID- 9948764
TI  - dc transport and optical conductivity in a resonating-valence-bond crystal.

PMID- 9948766
TI  - Exact two-particle effective interaction and superconductivity in the two-level
      Hubbard model.

PMID- 9948767
TI  - Oxygen isotope effects in yttrium-barium-copper oxides.

PMID- 9948768
TI  - Magnetic ordering in the high-temperature superconductor ErBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9948769
TI  - Photoelectron energy-loss study of the Bi2CaSr2Cu2O8 superconductor.

PMID- 9948770
TI  - Phase transformations in YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

PMID- 9948771
TI  - Phonon Raman scattering in (La1-xSrx)2CuO4 single crystals.

PMID- 9948772
TI  - Bismuth cuprate high-Tc superconductors using cationic substitution.

PMID- 9948773
TI  - Neutron scattering study of soft optical phonons in La2-xSrxCuO4-y.

PMID- 9948775
TI  - Dynamic spin susceptibility in the resonant-valence-bond state in high-Tc
      superconductors.

PMID- 9948774
TI  - Monte Carlo simulations of a disordered, three-dimensional system of Josephson
      junctions.

PMID- 9948777
TI  - Phenomenological description of piezoresistivity in semiconducting perovskite
      ferroelectrics.

PMID- 9948776
TI  - Magnetic neutron scattering study of single-crystal cupric oxide.

PMID- 9948778
TI  - Evidence for a phase transition in the zero-temperature anisotropic two
      dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet.

PMID- 9948779
TI  - Parametric excitation of Walker modes in ferromagnetic spheres.

PMID- 9948780
TI  - In situ study of staging disorder in cesium-intercalated graphite.

PMID- 9948782
TI  - Metamagnetism in La2CuO4.

PMID- 9948781
TI  - Late stages of spinodal decomposition in a three-dimensional model system.

PMID- 9948783
TI  - Two-magnon contribution to the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in amorphous
      ferromagnetic metals.

PMID- 9948784
TI  - Field distributions and tricritical points in a random-field Ising model: Mean
      field renormalization-group approach.

PMID- 9948785
TI  - Specific heat of the random-field Ising system Fe0.46Zn0.54F2.

PMID- 9948786
TI  - New Li2-xCuxFeS2 (0 <= x <= 1) and CuxFeS2 (~0.25 <= x <= 1) phases.

PMID- 9948787
TI  - Critical x-ray scattering at the Peierls transition of the blue bronze.

PMID- 9948788
TI  - Monte Carlo study of the quantum spin-(1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the
      square lattice.

PMID- 9948790
TI  - Percolation renormalization-group calculations of equations of state for the
      Potts model.

PMID- 9948789
TI  - Melting of a free bilayer.

PMID- 9948791
TI  - Field-enhanced disorder in a ferromagnet with random-axis anisotropy.

PMID- 9948792
TI  - Raman activation of acoustic modes in commensurate A2BX4 crystals by zone
      folding.

PMID- 9948794
TI  - Goldstone and amplitude modes in incommensurate systems studied by 35Cl nuclear
      quadrupole resonance.

PMID- 9948793
TI  - Ground-state energy of the d=1,2,3 dimensional Hubbard model in the weak-coupling
      limit.

PMID- 9948795
TI  - Theory of photoinduced structure changes.

PMID- 9948796
TI  - Weak localization effects in the amorphous alloys V1-xXx (X=Si,Ge,Sn).

PMID- 9948797
TI  - Multicritical points in the magnetic phase diagrams of axial and planar
      antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9948798
TI  - Internal oscillation frequencies and anharmonic effects for the double sine
      Gordon kink.

PMID- 9948800
TI  - Critical-point wetting near grain boundaries and defect planes.

PMID- 9948799
TI  - Effective conductivity of anisotropic two-phase composite media.

PMID- 9948801
TI  - Exact mapping of the resonant-valence-bond state to a classical O(4) model in a
      logarithmic potential: Mean-field theory, magnetic correlations, and excitations.

PMID- 9948802
TI  - Current distribution in random resistor networks.

PMID- 9948803
TI  - Nonlinear oscillations in electrochemical growth of Zn dendrites.

PMID- 9948804
TI  - Computer simulations of epitaxial growth.

PMID- 9948805
TI  - Long-range order without broken symmetry: Two-dimensional Heisenberg
      antiferromagnet at zero temperature.

PMID- 9948806
TI  - Monte Carlo study of the spin-1 antiferromagnetic chain with both bilinear and
      biquadratic exchange interactions.

PMID- 9948807
TI  - Finite-size scaling theory for domain growth in the time-dependent Ginzburg
      Landau model: Layered system.

PMID- 9948808
TI  - Magnetic scattering in AuCo and AgCo with weak localization.

PMID- 9948809
TI  - New growth model: The screened Eden model.

PMID- 9948810
TI  - Transport properties of CoCl2-graphite intercalation compounds.

PMID- 9948811
TI  - Analysis of small-angle scattering patterns from precipitating alloys.

PMID- 9948812
TI  - Destruction of chiral ordering by a random field in the f=1/2 frustrated XY
      model.

PMID- 9948813
TI  - Nonlinear behavior and 1/f noise near a conductivity threshold: Effects of local
      microgeometry.

PMID- 9948814
TI  - Magnetic line groups. II. Corepresentations of the magnetic line groups isogonal
      to the point groups Cn, S2n, and Cnh.

PMID- 9948815
TI  - Correlation functions of one-dimensional quantum systems.

PMID- 9948816
TI  - Gutzwiller dynamic susceptibility: Consequences for the transport properties of
      transition metals.

PMID- 9948817
TI  - Ground-state morphology of random frustrated XY systems.

PMID- 9948819
TI  - Ferromagnetic q=4,5 Potts models on the two-dimensional Penrose and square
      lattices.

PMID- 9948818
TI  - Fulton-Gouterman ground states for soft tunneling systems.

PMID- 9948821
TI  - Microwave absorption of a superconducting lead sphere.

PMID- 9948820
TI  - Generalized Smoluchovski equation with gelation.

PMID- 9948822
TI  - High-temperature lattice-liquid in-plane structure of LiC6: A neutron scattering
      study.

PMID- 9948823
TI  - Superfluid transition of 4He films adsorbed on multiply connected surfaces.

PMID- 9948824
TI  - Pressure dependence of superconductivity in amorphous ZrxNi100-x alloys.

PMID- 9948826
TI  - Two-band model with an occupation-influenced hopping rate: Kondo enhancement and
      superconductivity.

PMID- 9948825
TI  - Size difference of anisotropic muonium relaxation rates in n- and p-type
      semiconductors.

PMID- 9948827
TI  - Incommensurate superlattices in the Pb-substituted Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors.

PMID- 9948828
TI  - Superconductivity in the Tl-Nd-Sr-Cu-O and the Tl-Pb-Nd-Sr-Cu-O systems.

PMID- 9948829
TI  - Tunneling measurements on Bi2CaSr2Cu2O8.

PMID- 9948830
TI  - Effect of annealing in oxygen on the structure formation of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin
      films.

PMID- 9948831
TI  - Copper isotope effect in Raman scattering on superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-x.

PMID- 9948832
TI  - Transport hysteresis of the oxide superconductor Y1Ba2Cu3O7-x in applied fields.

PMID- 9948833
TI  - Extension of Bean's model for high-Tc superconductors.

PMID- 9948834
TI  - Contact angle for two-dimensional Ising ferromagnets.

PMID- 9948835
TI  - Phase diagram of the half-filled 3D Hubbard model.

PMID- 9948836
TI  - Relation between half-width of neutron spectra and transport properties of
      fluids.

PMID- 9948837
TI  - Molecular dissociation in a two-dimensional model fluid: Evidence of a diffuse
      transition.

PMID- 9948839
TI  - Resonant activation of a Brownian particle out of a potential well: Remarks on
      some recent theoretical and experimental investigations.

PMID- 9948838
TI  - Cancellation of orbital and spin magnetism in UFe2.

PMID- 9948840
TI  - Erratum: "Self-consistent full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave local
      density electronic-structure studies of magnetism and superconductivity in Cl5
      compounds ZrZn2 and ZrV2"

PMID- 9948841
TI  - Coexisting static magnetic order and superconductivity in CeCu2.1Si2 found by
      muon spin relaxation.

PMID- 9948843
TI  - Configurational dephasing in a weak-localization experiment.

PMID- 9948842
TI  - Direct determination of cobalt site preferences in Nd2Fe14B at infinite dilution.

PMID- 9948844
TI  - Low-temperature properties of superconducting materials on sublattice structures.

PMID- 9948845
TI  - Theoretical and experimental analysis of the superconducting transition effects
      on the Fermi-edge photoemission spectra.

PMID- 9948847
TI  - Determination of the critical exponents of superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O.

PMID- 9948846
TI  - Exact diagonalization study of the frustrated Heisenberg model: A new disordered
      phase.

PMID- 9948849
TI  - Magnetoresistance and thermodynamic fluctuations in single-crystal YBa2Cu3Oy.

PMID- 9948848
TI  - Electronic structure of high-Tc Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 by x-ray photoelectron
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9948850
TI  - Effects of interlayer interactions on the critical temperature of high-Tc
      compounds.

PMID- 9948852
TI  - Resonant excitation of an oxygen valence satellite in photoemission from high-Tc
      superconductors.

PMID- 9948851
TI  - Diffuse scattering in YBa2Cu

PMID- 9948853
TI  - Harmonic generation and flux quantization in granular superconductors.

PMID- 9948854
TI  - Possible high-Tc superconductivity in thin wires.

PMID- 9948855
TI  - Electronic band properties of Pb2Sr2YCu3O8.

PMID- 9948856
TI  - Magnetic relaxation in sintered Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3Ox and YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductors.

PMID- 9948857
TI  - Angle-resolved photoemission spectra of single-crystal Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox.

PMID- 9948858
TI  - Nonlinear electrodynamics and nonresonant microwave absorption in ceramic
      superconductors.

PMID- 9948860
TI  - Low-field flux-flow resistivity in Bi2.2Sr2Ca0.8Cu2BO8(+) delta.

PMID- 9948859
TI  - Oxygen partial-density-of-states change in the YBa2Cu3Ox compounds for x

PMID- 9948861
TI  - Synchronization of perturbed sine-Gordon soliton oscillators.

PMID- 9948862
TI  - Ferromagnetism in icosahedral Al-Mn-Si alloys.

PMID- 9948863
TI  - Approach to metallic behavior in metal-molten-salt solutions.

PMID- 9948865
TI  - Support for the Haldane conjecture: Gap for magnetic excitations in the quasi-one
      dimensional S=1 Heisenberg antiferromagnet AgVP2S6.

PMID- 9948864
TI  - Permeability versus conductivity for porous media with wide distribution of pore
      sizes.

PMID- 9948866
TI  - Kinetic equation for noninteracting electrons in the presence of strongly
      disordered magnetic impurities.

PMID- 9948868
TI  - CeRhIn: A new mixed-valent cerium compound.

PMID- 9948867
TI  - Enhanced magnetoresistance in layered magnetic structures with antiferromagnetic
      interlayer exchange.

PMID- 9948870
TI  - Magnetic anisotropy of Gd(0001)/W(110) monolayers.

PMID- 9948869
TI  - Dynamics on ultrametric spaces with random transfer rates.

PMID- 9948871
TI  - Electronic-structure calculation for metals by local optimization.

PMID- 9948872
TI  - Optical effects of methylated hydrazine intercalation in lead iodide.

PMID- 9948873
TI  - First-principles calculational methods for surface-vacancy formation energies,
      heats of segregation, and surface core-level shifts.

PMID- 9948874
TI  - Dynamical evaluation of Hartree-Fock exchange approximations.

PMID- 9948875
TI  - Corrections to the continuum approximation for the large polaron bound to a
      defect: The ground-state energy.

PMID- 9948876
TI  - Unoccupied electronic states of CuO: An oxygen 1s x-ray-absorption spectroscopy
      investigation.

PMID- 9948877
TI  - Mobility, interdiffusion, and tracer diffusion in lattice-gas models of two
      component alloys.

PMID- 9948878
TI  - Unoccupied surface states on Pd(111) observed in very-low-energy electron
      diffraction and inverse photoemission: Theoretical interpretation.

PMID- 9948879
TI  - Pd2: A dimer with two Kohn-Sham triplet ground states.

PMID- 9948881
TI  - Koshino-Taylor coefficient in electrical resistivity.

PMID- 9948880
TI  - Ground-state properties of fcc and bcc lanthanum.

PMID- 9948883
TI  - Dynamic correlations in electron liquids. II. Single-particle Green's functions.

PMID- 9948882
TI  - Dynamic correlations in electron liquids. I. General formalism.

PMID- 9948884
TI  - Total energies and bonding for crystallographic structures in titanium-carbon and
      tungsten-carbon systems.

PMID- 9948885
TI  - Theoretical analysis of orbital and correlation effects on the electronic
      absorption spectrum of the MnS4 center in zinc-blende crystals.

PMID- 9948886
TI  - Nonclassical particle dynamics in high magnetic fields.

PMID- 9948887
TI  - Electromigration and the local transport field in mesoscopic systems.

PMID- 9948888
TI  - Conjugate gradient minimization of the energy functional: A new method for
      electronic structure calculation.

PMID- 9948889
TI  - Ground state of the two-dimensional electron gas.

PMID- 9948890
TI  - Interplay of surface misfit and monatomic steps on crystal surfaces. III. Model
      for the {110} surface of an anisotropic bcc crystal.

PMID- 9948891
TI  - Direct determination of the self-diffusion mechanism in bcc beta -titanium.

PMID- 9948892
TI  - First-principles total-energy study of hydrogen adsorption on Be(0001).

PMID- 9948893
TI  - Lattice relaxation around substitutional defects in semiconductors.

PMID- 9948895
TI  - Influence of thin interfacial silicon oxide layers on the Schottky-barrier
      behavior of Ti on Si(100).

PMID- 9948894
TI  - Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of electron dynamics in dissipative solid-state
      systems using real-time path integrals.

PMID- 9948896
TI  - Schottky-barrier formation and atomic mixing at Au/ZnSe(100) and Co/ZnSe(100)
      interfaces with Co and Au interlayers.

PMID- 9948898
TI  - Intense small wave-vector scattering from voids in amorphous silicon: A
      theoretical simulation.

PMID- 9948897
TI  - Atom-resolved surface chemistry studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9948899
TI  - Dangling bonds in doped amorphous silicon: Equilibrium, relaxation, and
      transition energies.

PMID- 9948901
TI  - Transient photomodulation spectroscopy of nanocrystalline hydrogenated silicon.

PMID- 9948902
TI  - Fermi-level pinning and intrinsic surface states in cleaved GaP.

PMID- 9948900
TI  - Failure of the transitivity rule for (GaAs)3/(Ge)6 (110) and (AlAs)3/(Ge)6 (110)
      superlattice valence-band offsets.

PMID- 9948903
TI  - Correlated defect creation and dose-dependent radiation sensitivity in amorphous
      SiO2.

PMID- 9948904
TI  - Metastable conduction states in Mo2S3: Conductivity fluctuations.

PMID- 9948905
TI  - Quantum lattice fluctuations and optical properties of nondegenerate conjugated
      polymers.

PMID- 9948906
TI  - Electron correlations in the ground state of silicon.

PMID- 9948907
TI  - Band-edge states in short-period (GaAs)m/(AlAs)n superlattices.

PMID- 9948909
TI  - Inelastic electron scattering from the surfaces of semiconductor multilayers:
      Study of subband structure within the quantum well.

PMID- 9948908
TI  - Optical and electrical studies of interface traps in the Si/SiO2 system by
      modified junction space-charge techniques.

PMID- 9948910
TI  - Magnetocapacitance measurements of subband separation in an accumulation layer on
      n--type GaAs.

PMID- 9948912
TI  - Interaction of Si2H6 with a Si(111)-77 surface.

PMID- 9948911
TI  - Band-gap-dependent electron and hole transport in p-type HgTe-CdTe superlattices.

PMID- 9948913
TI  - Cooling of hot carriers in three- and two-dimensional Ga0.47In0.53As.

PMID- 9948915
TI  - Photopyroelectric spectroscopy of a-Si:H thin semiconducting films on quartz.

PMID- 9948914
TI  - High-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy study of the uv-laser
      photodissociation of adsorbed Al2(CH3)6 on Si(100)21 and Si(111)77 surfaces.

PMID- 9948916
TI  - Lattice dynamics of Si calculated with a semiempirical approach.

PMID- 9948917
TI  - Electronic structure of CdTe(110) as studied by angle-resolved photoemission.

PMID- 9948918
TI  - Electron scattering by confined LO polar phonons in a quantum well.

PMID- 9948920
TI  - Local moments near the metal-insulator transition.

PMID- 9948919
TI  - Shallow positron traps in GaAs.

PMID- 9948921
TI  - Spatially resolved and energy-resolved defect kinetics in a-Si:H: A comprehensive
      study by phase-shift analysis of modulated photocurrents.

PMID- 9948923
TI  - Binding energy of ionized-donor-bound excitons in two-dimensional semiconductors.

PMID- 9948922
TI  - Electronic structures of polymeric CSe2, CSe, and C2Se.

PMID- 9948925
TI  - Dependence of transient resonant-tunneling characteristics on barrier thickness
      in AlAs/GaAs multiple-quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9948924
TI  - Correlations in phonon-transmission spectra in periodic and quasiperiodic
      superlattices.

PMID- 9948926
TI  - Thermal effects in the equilibrium structure and size distribution of small Si
      clusters.

PMID- 9948927
TI  - Vibron solitons.

PMID- 9948928
TI  - Theory of anisotropic donor states in quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9948929
TI  - Pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect for distortions involving oxygen and nitrogen
      impurities in silicon.

PMID- 9948930
TI  - Molecular-dynamics simulation of positive-ion and neutral halogen desorption
      following Na K-shell Auger cascades in the NaF crystal.

PMID- 9948931
TI  - Auger-induced valence processes in alkali halides following alkali core-hole
      creation.

PMID- 9948932
TI  - Thermal irreversibility in optically labeled low-temperature glasses.

PMID- 9948933
TI  - Methane adsorbed on graphite. IV. Multilayer growth at low temperature.

PMID- 9948935
TI  - Intercalant vibrations in a graphite intercalation compound observed by infrared
      reflectivity at a graphite-germanium interface.

PMID- 9948934
TI  - Hydrogen-bond melting in B-DNA copolymers in a mean-field self-consistent phonon
      approach.

PMID- 9948936
TI  - Light-induced oxidation and band-edge shifts in thermally evaporated films of
      germanium chalcogenide glasses.

PMID- 9948938
TI  - Localized-orbital approach to the electronic structure of anomalous muonium in
      diamond.

PMID- 9948937
TI  - Near-infrared photoluminescence bands in diamond.

PMID- 9948939
TI  - Vibrational properties of large-period crystals with finite-range interactions.

PMID- 9948940
TI  - Erratum: Metal-insulator transitions in doped silicon and germanium

PMID- 9948941
TI  - Quantum bound states in a classically unbound system of crossed wires.

PMID- 9948943
TI  - Conductance oscillations in two-dimensional Sharvin point contacts.

PMID- 9948942
TI  - Lack of mirror symmetry between x-ray absorption and emission edges of simple
      metals.

PMID- 9948944
TI  - Spin-polarized metastable-atom deexcitation spectroscopy: A new probe of the
      dynamics of metastable-atom-surface interactions.

PMID- 9948945
TI  - Electronic structure of alkali-metal overlayers on the semi-infinite jellium
      surface.

PMID- 9948946
TI  - Scanning tunneling microscopy of charge-density waves in NbSe3.

PMID- 9948947
TI  - Structural effects on the superconducting and magnetic behavior of aluminum-rich
      metallic glasses.

PMID- 9948948
TI  - Lattice-recoil effects in stimulated desorption from metal surfaces.

PMID- 9948949
TI  - Hall effect in quantum wires.

PMID- 9948951
TI  - Band-gap renormalization in quasi-two-dimensional systems induced by many-body
      electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions.

PMID- 9948950
TI  - Coupling of excitons with free electrons in light scattering from GaAs quantum
      wells.

PMID- 9948952
TI  - Core-level electron-energy-loss spectroscopy as a local probe for the electronic
      structure of the Co/Si(111) interface.

PMID- 9948953
TI  - Electronic structure of the single-domain Si(001)21-K surface.

PMID- 9948954
TI  - Radial distribution functions of amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9948956
TI  - Electronic transport through very short and narrow channels constricted in GaAs
      by highly resistive Ga-implanted regions.

PMID- 9948955
TI  - Excitonic transitions in strained-layer InxGa1-xAs/InP quantum wells.

PMID- 9948957
TI  - Unification of the properties of the EL2 defect in GaAs.

PMID- 9948959
TI  - Pressure dependence of the valence-band discontinuity in GaAs/AlAs and
      GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum-well structures.

PMID- 9948958
TI  - Many-polaron interaction effects in two dimensions.

PMID- 9948960
TI  - Symmetry of conduction states for GaAs-AlAs type-II superlattices under uniaxial
      stress.

PMID- 9948961
TI  - Electron-paramagnetic-resonance measurements of Si-donor-related levels in AlxGa1
      xAs.

PMID- 9948962
TI  - Phonon sideband of photoluminescence as a probe of exciton states in a quantum
      well.

PMID- 9948963
TI  - Excitons associated with subband dispersion in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs superlattices.

PMID- 9948964
TI  - Modeling solid-state chemistry: Interatomic potentials for multicomponent
      systems.

PMID- 9948965
TI  - Surface rotational phonon and its role in the reconstruction of cleavage surfaces
      of tetrahedrally coordinated compound semiconductors.

PMID- 9948966
TI  - Band bending and the apparent barrier height in scanning tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9948967
TI  - Metallic properties of the Ge(001) surface.

PMID- 9948968
TI  - Photoemission study of the growth and modification of the Al/Ta(110) interface.

PMID- 9948969
TI  - Self-consistent calculation of the surface electronic structure of the (1 x 2)
      reconstructed Au(110) surface.

PMID- 9948971
TI  - Vibrational properties of epitaxial films on metals. I. fcc Cu on the Ni(001)
      surface.

PMID- 9948970
TI  - Hydrogen ordering in alpha -LuDx investigated by diffuse neutron scattering.

PMID- 9948972
TI  - Vibrational properties of epitaxial films on metals. II. fcc Ni on the Cu(001)
      surface.

PMID- 9948974
TI  - Spherical-wave corrections in photoelectron diffraction.

PMID- 9948973
TI  - Theoretical study of hydrogen adsorption on Ru(0001): Possible surface and
      subsurface occupation sites.

PMID- 9948975
TI  - Band-narrowing effects in URh3Bx.

PMID- 9948977
TI  - Random-deposition models for thin-film epitaxial growth.

PMID- 9948976
TI  - Electronic structure, cohesive, and magnetic properties of the actinide-iridium
      Laves phases.

PMID- 9948978
TI  - Inelastic neutron scattering of amorphous Ni0.95Tb0.05.

PMID- 9948979
TI  - Effective dielectric constant of dilute suspensions of spheres.

PMID- 9948980
TI  - Dephasing effects in a two-dimensional magnetic-breakdown linked-orbit network:
      Magnesium.

PMID- 9948981
TI  - Molecular orbital theory for chemisorption and physisorption: The case of He on
      metals.

PMID- 9948982
TI  - Electromagnetic modes of corrugated thin films and surfaces with a transition
      layer. II. Minigaps.

PMID- 9948984
TI  - Medium-energy ion scattering study of the initial stage of oxidation of Fe(001).

PMID- 9948983
TI  - Polarons and soliton pairs (bipolarons) in halogen-doped quasi-one-dimensional
      mixed-valence platinum complexes.

PMID- 9948985
TI  - Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of a Ni monolayer on Ag(001): Ni
      adsorption versus Ag surface segregation.

PMID- 9948987
TI  - Dynamical diffraction of x rays at grazing angle.

PMID- 9948986
TI  - Brillouin scattering in incommensurate Rb2ZnBr

PMID- 9948988
TI  - Compound formation and superconductivity in Au-Si: X-ray absorption measurements
      on ion-beam-mixed Au-Si films.

PMID- 9948990
TI  - Nonlinear lattice relaxation of photogenerated charge-transfer excitation in
      halogen-bridged mixed-valence metal complexes. I. Soliton and self-trapped
      exciton.

PMID- 9948989
TI  - Optical properties of Mo.

PMID- 9948991
TI  - Nonlinear lattice relaxation of photogenerated charge-transfer excitation in
      halogen-bridged mixed-valence metal complexes. II. Polaron channel.

PMID- 9948993
TI  - Measurement of the effect of uniaxial stress on the spectrum of CaF2:Pr3+:D-
      using spectral hole burning.

PMID- 9948992
TI  - Phase stabilities of the Co3Ti and Ni3V alloys.

PMID- 9948994
TI  - Electromagnetic-resonance-induced optical response of a thin nonlinear dielectric
      film.

PMID- 9948996
TI  - Local modes in Rb1-cKc alloys using microscopic force constants.

PMID- 9948995
TI  - Structure and melting of lead overlayers on Cu(100) studied with thermal-energy
      atom scattering.

PMID- 9948997
TI  - Electronic theory for phase stability of nine AB binary alloys, with A=Ni, Pd, or
      Pt and B=Cu, Ag, or Au.

PMID- 9948998
TI  - Anisotropic magnetoconductivity of a three-dimensional disordered electron gas.

PMID- 9948999
TI  - Photon localization in a disordered multilayered system.

PMID- 9949000
TI  - Structure of the Cs-induced (1 x 3) reconstruction of Au(110).

PMID- 9949001
TI  - Finite-element method for electronic structure.

PMID- 9949003
TI  - Three-dimensional Patterson function for the Al6CuLi3 quasicrystal.

PMID- 9949002
TI  - Cantor spectra and scaling of gap widths in deterministic aperiodic systems.

PMID- 9949004
TI  - Raman scattering in (GaP)1/(InP)1 strained-layer superlattices.

PMID- 9949005
TI  - Temperature effects on the band-gap energy in p-type III-V semiconductors.

PMID- 9949006
TI  - Electronic Raman scattering in Cd1-xCoxSe.

PMID- 9949008
TI  - Collective and vibrational excitations on the n-doped GaAs(110) surface.

PMID- 9949007
TI  - Conductivity as a function of conjugation length: Theory and experiment for
      conducting polymer complexes.

PMID- 9949009
TI  - Shell-model interpolation of frozen phonons in cubic silicon carbide.

PMID- 9949010
TI  - Resonant Raman scattering from diluted polyacetylene chains.

PMID- 9949011
TI  - LO-phonon confinement and polaron effect in a quantum well.

PMID- 9949012
TI  - Intrinsic exciton states in indirect-band-gap GaAsxP1-x: Composition dependence
      and effects of impurities.

PMID- 9949013
TI  - Semiconductor photoelastic constants measured by light scattering in
      superlattices.

PMID- 9949014
TI  - Quantum-mechanical resonant tunneling in the presence of a boson field.

PMID- 9949016
TI  - Electron transport in a disordered semiconductor superlattice.

PMID- 9949015
TI  - Indium-doped GaAs: Investigation of deep traps.

PMID- 9949017
TI  - Fractional quantum Hall effect in a two-dimensional hole gas.

PMID- 9949018
TI  - Phase transitions in polypyrrole and polythiophene conducting polymers
      demonstrated by magnetic susceptibility measurements.

PMID- 9949019
TI  - Anisotropy of the electronic structures of the GaP(110) surface: A high
      resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy study.

PMID- 9949021
TI  - Effect of relaxation of the second-nearest neighbors on the thermodynamic
      properties of semiconducting alloys: Application to GaAsySb1-y.

PMID- 9949020
TI  - Surface segregation in pseudobinary alloys.

PMID- 9949022
TI  - Quantum theory of plasmons in lateral multiwire superlattices in the presence of
      subband quantization: Intersubband plasmons.

PMID- 9949024
TI  - Antisites, antistructures, and bond-switching reactions in layered chalcogenides.

PMID- 9949023
TI  - Photoemission and inverse photoemission of transition-metal silicides.

PMID- 9949026
TI  - Structural correlations and phonon density of states in GeSe2: A molecular
      dynamics study of molten and amorphous states.

PMID- 9949025
TI  - Phonons in GaAs/AlAs superlattices.

PMID- 9949027
TI  - Photon-energy-sensitive Si L2,3VV Auger satellite.

PMID- 9949028
TI  - Defects at the Si(111)/SiO2 interface investigated with low-energy electron
      diffraction.

PMID- 9949029
TI  - k

PMID- 9949030
TI  - New interpretation of activation enthalpies for electrical conductivity and
      nuclear spin relaxation in glassy ionic conductors.

PMID- 9949031
TI  - Properties of laser-induced gratings in Eu-doped glasses.

PMID- 9949032
TI  - Alkali-metal oxides. I. Molecular and crystal-field effects in photoemission.

PMID- 9949033
TI  - Alkali-metal oxides. II. Unoccupied and excited states.

PMID- 9949034
TI  - Raman and infrared studies of the CN- stretching-mode anharmonicity and its
      relation to phase transitions in pure alkali cyanides.

PMID- 9949036
TI  - Spin-resolved photoemission from the (100) face of tantalum carbide.

PMID- 9949035
TI  - Molecular-dynamics study of the temperature-dependent two-dimensional Rb liquid
      in graphite.

PMID- 9949037
TI  - Electron emission due to positronium annihilation in solid Ar, Kr, and Xe.

PMID- 9949038
TI  - Multiple-scattering approach to the M-edge x-ray-absorption spectra of UO2 and
      UCl4.

PMID- 9949039
TI  - Absolute thermoelectric power in ferromagnetic amorphous FexNi80-xB20 alloys.

PMID- 9949040
TI  - 1H NMR study of residual HNO3-intercalated graphite.

PMID- 9949041
TI  - Electronic properties of CoO(100) surfaces: Defects and chemisorption.

PMID- 9949042
TI  - Correlation between the activation enthalpy and Kohlrausch exponent for ionic
      conductivity in alkali aluminogermanate glasses.

PMID- 9949043
TI  - Neutron inelastic scattering from fumed silica.

PMID- 9949044
TI  - Neutron powder diffraction study in the mixed molecular system (NaCN)1-x(KCN)x.

PMID- 9949045
TI  - Photoemission studies of the interaction of Li and solid molecular oxygen.

PMID- 9949047
TI  - Anisotropic introduction of intrinsic defects in GaAs monitored by Raman
      scattering.

PMID- 9949046
TI  - Photoemission study of the bulk magnetic phase transition in Cr.

PMID- 9949048
TI  - Current bistability in double-barrier resonant-tunneling devices.

PMID- 9949049
TI  - Two-stream instability in two-dimensional degenerate systems.

PMID- 9949050
TI  - Hot-carrier quantum distribution function in crossed electric and magnetic
      fields.

PMID- 9949051
TI  - Theory of time-resolved luminescence of bound excitons in semiconductor alloys.

PMID- 9949052
TI  - Raman coupling-parameter variation in amorphous silicon.

PMID- 9949053
TI  - Surface core-level binding-energy shifts for the cleaved GaP(110) surface.

PMID- 9949054
TI  - Suppression of the Aharonov-Bohm effect in the quantized Hall regime.

PMID- 9949056
TI  - Phase stability of ZrO2-Al

PMID- 9949055
TI  - Heat capacity of magnetite in the range 0.3 to 10 K.

PMID- 9949058
TI  - Highly anisotropic metals in magnetic fields: Localization and critical point.

PMID- 9949057
TI  - Transition from commensurate to incommensurate xenon rafts on platinum (111)
      observed with molecular dynamics.

PMID- 9949059
TI  - Scanning tunneling microscopy and the electronic and structural properties of
      intercalated graphite surfaces.

PMID- 9949060
TI  - Electron resonances in alkali-metal overlayers on metals.

PMID- 9949061
TI  - Electron paramagnetic resonance identification of the SbGa heteroantisite defect
      in GaAs:Sb.

PMID- 9949062
TI  - Excitonic lifetimes in thin InxGa1-xAs/InP quantum wells.

PMID- 9949064
TI  - Electron-hole liquids and band-gap renormalization in short-period semiconductor
      superlattices.

PMID- 9949063
TI  - Quantum Hall effect in wide parabolic GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs wells.

PMID- 9949065
TI  - Cyclotron resonance in donor and acceptor delta -doped AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs
      heterostructures.

PMID- 9949067
TI  - Transport of the photoexcited electron-hole plasma in GaAs quantum wells.

PMID- 9949066
TI  - Negative differential conductance in GaAs/AlAs superlattices.

PMID- 9949068
TI  - Negative spin-orbit bowing in semiconductor alloys.

PMID- 9949070
TI  - Spin-orbit splitting of the valence bands in silicon determined by means of high
      resolution photoconductive spectroscopy.

PMID- 9949069
TI  - Empirical relation between gate voltage and electrostatic potential in the one
      dimensional electron gas of a split-gate device.

PMID- 9949071
TI  - Erratum: Liquid-solid transition and the fractional quantum-Hall effect

PMID- 9949072
TI  - Erratum: Precision determination of small energy shifts in Mossbauer spectroscopy

PMID- 9949073
TI  - Erratum: Density of states for interacting tunneling units in the absence of long
      range order

PMID- 9949075
TI  - Erratum: Spin-orbit and paramagnon effects on magnetoconductance and tunneling

PMID- 9949074
TI  - Erratum: Electron mobility in modulation-doped heterostructures

PMID- 9949076
TI  - Erratum: Magnetoresistance maximum at the metal-insulator transition of granular
      aluminum

PMID- 9949077
TI  - Erratum: Connection between the formation volume and formation Gibbs energy in
      noble-gas solids

PMID- 9949078
TI  - Erratum: Reference-plane position for atom-surface van der Waals interactions

PMID- 9949080
TI  - Erratum: Hybridization and screening effects in the Mg KL1V Auger spectra of Mg
      Ni, Mg-Cu, Mg-Zn, Mg-Pd, Mg-Ag, and Mg-Al alloys

PMID- 9949079
TI  - Erratum: Role of elastic and electronic interactions in trapping of hydrogen by
      impurities in transition metals

PMID- 9949081
TI  - Erratum: Chain model of Si (111)2 x 1 surface: Optical properties and surface
      state excitons

PMID- 9949082
TI  - Erratum: Surface phonon dispersion of c(2 x 2) S on Ni(100)

PMID- 9949083
TI  - Erratum: Exciton transfer at low temperature in GaxIn1-xP:N and GaAs1-xPx:N

PMID- 9949084
TI  - Erratum: Screening of polar interaction in quasi-two-dimensional semiconductor
      microstructures

PMID- 9949086
TI  - Erratum: Analytic continuation and appearance of a new phase for n<1 in n
      component ( phi2)2 field theory

PMID- 9949085
TI  - Erratum: Temperature dependence of spin dynamics in the impurity-doped one
      dimensional antiferromagnetic (CH3)4NM2+C13:Cd2+

PMID- 9949087
TI  - Erratum: Band offsets from two special GaAs-AlxGal-x As quantum-well structures

PMID- 9949088
TI  - Erratum: Incompressible states of the fractionally quantized Hall effect in the
      presence of impurities: A finite-size study

PMID- 9949090
TI  - Erratum: Eigenstates of Wannier exccitons near a semiconductor surface

PMID- 9949089
TI  - Erratum: Fermi surface, effective masses, and Dingle temperatures of ZrTe5 as
      derived from the Shubnikov-de Haas effect

PMID- 9949091
TI  - Erratum: Theoretical study of the surface energy and surface relaxation of the
      W(001) surface

PMID- 9949092
TI  - Erratum: Indirect band gap of coherently strained GexSil-x bulk alloys on <001>
      silicon substrates

PMID- 9949093
TI  - Erratum: Diffuse interface model of diffusion-limited crystal growth

PMID- 9949094
TI  - Erratum: Second-order quadrupolar echo

PMID- 9949095
TI  - Erratum: Analysis of quasielastic light scattering in LiNbO3 near TC

PMID- 9949096
TI  - Erratum: Inverse dielectric function of a periodic superlattice

PMID- 9949097
TI  - Erratum: Quasiclassical approximation to final-state effects in the scattering of
      neutrons from a hard-core fluid

PMID- 9949098
TI  - Erratum: Wetting of a glass substrate by a binary liquid mixture

PMID- 9949100
TI  - Erratum: Density-functional approximation for the correlation energy of the
      inhomogeneous electron gas

PMID- 9949099
TI  - Erratum: Electronic response function of coupled chains of finite radius

PMID- 9949102
TI  - Erratum: Electron-phonon interactions and charge-density-wave formations in
      strong magnetic fields

PMID- 9949101
TI  - Erratum: Photoemission study of the hydrogenation of the intermetallic compounds
      YFe3 and YFe2

PMID- 9949103
TI  - Erratum: Electrical study of Schottky barriers on atomically clean GaAs(110)
      surfaces

PMID- 9949104
TI  - Erratum: Numerical simulations of modulated systems

PMID- 9949105
TI  - Erratum: Criterion for the observability of macroscopic quantum coherence

PMID- 9949106
TI  - Erratum: Effect of adsorbate binding sites on surface-reconstruction phase
      diagrams: O/W(001) and H/W(001)

PMID- 9949107
TI  - Erratum: Dipole-dipole interactions and two-dimensional magnetism

PMID- 9949108
TI  - Erratum: Optical nonlinearity, band-structure parameters, and refractive indices
      of some mixed chalcopyrite crystals

PMID- 9949110
TI  - Erratum: Electronic and vibrational spectra of two-dimensional quasicrystals

PMID- 9949109
TI  - Erratum: Electron-phonon interactions and charge-density-wave formations in
      strong magnetic fields

PMID- 9949111
TI  - Erratum: Correlation functions of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model using a
      modified Lanczos method

PMID- 9949112
TI  - Erratum: Electron correlation and the band gap in ionic crystals

PMID- 9949113
TI  - Erratum: Quantum-mechanical theory of stress and force

PMID- 9949114
TI  - Erratum: Relaxation of the rocksalt (001) surface: Alkali halides, MgO, and PbS

PMID- 9949115
TI  - Erratum: Influence of the electron-phonon interaction on the Aharonov-Bohm effect

PMID- 9949116
TI  - Erratum: Localization by electric fields in one-dimensional tight-binding systems

PMID- 9949117
TI  - Erratum: Oxide traps in Si-SiO2 structures characterized by tunnel emission with
      deep-level transient spectroscopy

PMID- 9949118
TI  - Erratum: Electrical resistivity of icosahedral Mg-Al-Zn alloys

PMID- 9949119
TI  - Erratum: Conduction-band-edge charge densities in elemental and compound
      semiconductors

PMID- 9949120
TI  - Erratum: Localization, superconducting fluctuations, and superconductivity in
      thin films and narrow wires of aluminum

PMID- 9949121
TI  - Erratum: Correlation effects in S=12 random-exchange Heisenberg antiferromagnetic
      chains

PMID- 9949122
TI  - Erratum: Green's-function calculations of 5s-5p x-ray photoemission spectra of Ra
      (Z=88) and Th (Z=90)

PMID- 9949123
TI  - Erratum: Embedded-atom-method functions for the fcc metals Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd,
      Pt, and their alloys

PMID- 9949125
TI  - Erratum: Density-functional approach to second-harmonic generation at metal
      surfaces

PMID- 9949124
TI  - Erratum: Influence of doping on the etching of Si(111)

PMID- 9949127
TI  - Erratum: Photoemission from supported metal clusters: The problem of the support

PMID- 9949126
TI  - Erratum: Surface plasmons on n-type semiconductors: Influence of depletion and
      accumulation layers

PMID- 9949128
TI  - Erratum: Comment on "Solvated polaron in an ionic lattice"

PMID- 9949129
TI  - Erratum: Superconductivity from nonphonon interactions

PMID- 9949130
TI  - Erratum: Far-infrared spectroscopy of RBa2Cu3Ox with variations in R and x

PMID- 9949131
TI  - Erratum: X-ray absorption measurements on high-Tc superconductors: Cu-valence and
      cation-bond-length effects

PMID- 9949133
TI  - Erratum: Long-range order in AlxGa1-xAs

PMID- 9949132
TI  - Erratum: Photon-stimulated desorption of neutral O2 from YBa2Cu2O7-x by core
      level excitation

PMID- 9949134
TI  - Erratum: Universality relationships in condensed matter: Bulk modulus and sound
      velocity

PMID- 9949135
TI  - Erratum: Stopping of Havar, nickel, Kapton, and Mylar for 5-19-MeV 16O ions

PMID- 9949136
TI  - Erratum: Nitrogen-ion energy loss in Havar, nickel, Kapton, and Mylar foils

PMID- 9949137
TI  - Erratum: Surface electromagnetic modes in metal spheres

PMID- 9949138
TI  - Erratum: Light scattering in strongly scattering media: Multiple scattering and
      weak localization

PMID- 9949139
TI  - Erratum: Hyperuniversality and the renormalization group for finite systems

PMID- 9949140
TI  - Erratum: Temperature dependence of spin dynamics in the impurity-doped quasi-two
      dimensional antiferromagnet C2H5(NH3)2MnCl4 2+:Cu2+

PMID- 9949141
TI  - Erratum: Vortex lattice structures in uniaxial superconductors

PMID- 9949143
TI  - Erratum: Resonant Raman studies of confined LO modes and interface modes in a
      small-period GaAs/AlAs superlattice

PMID- 9949142
TI  - Erratum: Self-consistent-field X alpha scattered-wave calculation of the
      electronic structure of arsenic chalcogenide molecules

PMID- 9949144
TI  - Erratum: Temperature dependence and anharmonicity of the Debye-Waller factor in
      sodium metal using Mossbauer gamma -ray diffraction

PMID- 9949146
TI  - Erratum: Analytic calculation of ground-state properties of correlated fermions
      with the Gutzwiller wave function

PMID- 9949145
TI  - Erratum: Effective-medium theory of long-wavelength spin waves in magnetic
      superlattices

PMID- 9949147
TI  - Erratum: Theory of interlayer spacing in ternary graphite intercalation compounds

PMID- 9949149
TI  - Erratum: Electron-diffraction study of SbCl5-intercalated graphite

PMID- 9949148
TI  - Erratum: Diffusion path and Haven's ratio of mobile ions in alpha -Ag2Te

PMID- 9949151
TI  - Erratum: Current- and spin-density-functional theory for inhomogeneous electronic
      systems in strong magnetic fields

PMID- 9949150
TI  - Erratum: "Theoretical explanation of zero-field splitting and its pressure, and
      temperature dependence in NiSIF6

PMID- 9949152
TI  - Sentinel-lymph-node biopsy.

PMID- 9949153
TI  - Sentinel-lymph-node biopsy.

PMID- 9949154
TI  - Hepatitis viruses and hematopoietic cell transplantation: A guide to patient and
      donor management.

PMID- 9949155
TI  - Interferon-gamma upregulates CCR5 expression in cord and adult blood mononuclear
      phagocytes.
AB  - The C-C chemokine receptors CCR5 and CCR3 are fusion coreceptors for human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry into macrophages. The regulation of their
      expression influences infectivity by HIV. We report here that interferon-gamma
      (IFN-gamma) a cytokine that has bidirectional effects on HIV infection of
      macrophages, significantly upregulated CCR5 and CCR3 cell surface expression in
      human mononuclear phagocytes isolated from placental cord blood and adult
      peripheral blood. Monocytes treated with IFN-gamma showed increased chemotaxis to
      the CCR5 ligands macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and MIP
      1beta, confirming the functional relevance of IFN-gamma-induced CCR5 expression.
      However, IFN-gamma suppressed HIV entry into macrophages. Interestingly, we
      demonstrated that IFN-gamma inhibited cell surface expression of CD4, the major
      receptor for HIV. This finding may explain the suppressive effect of IFN-gamma on
      HIV entry into macrophages, despite its enhancing effect on the expression of
      CCR5 and CCR3 by these cells. In addition, IFN-gamma-induced secretion of C-C
      chemokines (RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta) by mononuclear phagocytes may also
      suppress HIV entry into macrophages. These data provide further evidence for
      cytokine-mediated regulation of CCR5 expression and are consistent with a novel
      paradigm in which cytokines regulate HIV infection and leukocyte migration by
      reciprocal and opposing effects on the expression of CD4 and chemokine receptors.

PMID- 9949156
TI  - Coreceptor/chemokine receptor expression on human hematopoietic cells: biological
      implications for human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 infection.
AB  - The recent discovery of chemokine receptors as coreceptors for human
      immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) entry offers new avenues for investigating
      the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related cytopenias.
      To this end, we sought to (1) phenotype human hematopoietic cells for CD4 and the
      HIV-1 coreceptors CXCR4, CCR5, CCR3, and CCR2b; (2) correlate CD4 and chemokine
      receptor expression with their susceptibility to HIV-1 infection; and (3) examine
      any potential interplay between inflammatory cytokines released during HIV-1
      infection and regulation of chemokine receptor expression. Fluorescence-activated
      cell sorting (FACS) analysis of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC), cells
      derived from serum-free expanded hematopoietic lineages (colony-forming unit
      granulocyte-macrophage [CFU-GM], colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte [CFU-Meg], and
      burst-forming unit-erythroid [BFU-E]), and CD34(+) cells showed differential
      expression of chemokine receptors and CD4 with some lineage specificity.
      Significantly, FACS-sorted CXCR4(+)/CD34(+) cells had the same clonogeneic
      potential as CXCR4(-)/CD34(+) cells. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain
      reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of FACS-sorted human candidate stem cells (HSC;
      CD34(+), c-kit+, Rho123(low)) showed the presence of CXCR4 mRNA but not CD4 mRNA.
      Infection studies with HIV-1 Env-pseudotyped luciferase reporter viruses
      indicated that X4 Env (CXCR4-using) pseudotypes infected megakaryocytic cells,
      whereas R5 Env (CCR5-using) pseudotypes did not. Similarly, R5 but not X4 Env
      pseudotyped viruses infected granulocyte-macrophage cells in a CD4/CCR5-dependent
      manner. Erythroid cells were resistant to R5 or X4 viral infection. Finally, we
      found that gamma-interferon treatment upregulated CXCR4 expression on primary
      hematopoietic cells. In summary, the delineation of chemokine receptor expression
      on primary hematopoietic cells is a first step towards dissecting the chemokine
      chemokine receptor axes that may play a role in hematopoietic cell proliferation
      and homing. Furthermore, susceptibility of hematopoietic cells to HIV-1 infection
      is likely to be more complicated than the mere physical presence of CD4 and the
      cognate chemokine receptor. Lastly, our results suggest a potential interplay
      between gamma-interferon secretion and CXCR4 expression.

PMID- 9949157
TI  - Endogenous interleukin-8 (IL-8) surge in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
      induced peripheral blood stem cell mobilization.
AB  - The relationship between stem cell mobilization with granulocyte colony
      stimulating factor (G-CSF) and the endogenous production of interleukin-8 (IL-8),
      macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), tumor necrosis factor-alpha
      (TNF-alpha), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was studied in normal donors for
      allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation. G-CSF was
      administered to 20 normal donors at a dose of 10 microg/kg/d for 5 days with
      aphereses on days 5 and 6 of G-CSF treatment. Cytokine serum levels were measured
      using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and during G-CSF
      treatment. Before treatment, the average level of IL-8 was 7.1 pg/mL, increasing
      to 207.0 pg/mL on day 5 and 189.1 pg/mL on day 6. Serum IL-8 levels correlated
      CD34(+) cell numbers (P =.0151 and P =.0005 on days 5 and 6, respectively) and
      colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) numbers (P =.0019 and P
      =.0010 on days 5 and 6, respectively). Furthermore, preapheresis serum IL-8
      levels correlated with the yield of CD34(+) cells (P =.0027). In contrast, before
      treatment, the average levels of MIP-1alpha, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma were 70.1,
      4.03, and 3.84 pg/mL, respectively, and no significant changes in the levels of
      these cytokines were observed during G-CSF treatment. These studies suggest that
      IL-8 production may be critical to G-CSF-induced stem cell mobilization, although
      the underlying mechanism could not be clarified.

PMID- 9949158
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation in adult thalassemic patients.
AB  - One hundred seven adult patients with thalassemia aged from 17 through 35 years
      and transplanted from HLA-identical siblings between November 1988 and September
      1996 were evaluated on December 31, 1997. The outcome experience of 20
      consecutive patients transplanted between November 13, 1988 and January 10, 1991
      and reported in September 1992 is updated after 5 additional years. The
      experience on 87 patients transplanted between May 1991 and September 1996 is
      described and evaluated as of the end of December 1997. Of 107 patients, 69
      survive between 1.5 and 9 years after transplantation. Sixty-six of these
      patients do not have thalassemia and are identified as ex-thalassemic after bone
      marrow transplantation. The youngest survivor is 20 years old, 6 are older than
      30 years, and the oldest is 37 years of age. Patients with chronic active
      hepatitis at the time of transplant were significantly more likely to die than
      patients without (P =.05; relative risk, 2.05). Marrow transplantation is a valid
      treatment option for older patients with thalassemia who have suitable donors and
      show deterioration with conventional therapy.

PMID- 9949159
TI  - Expression of alpha4-integrin defines the earliest precursor of hematopoietic
      cell lineage diverged from endothelial cells.
AB  - Embryonic stem cells can differentiate in vitro into hematopoietic cells through
      two intermediate stages; the first being FLK1(+) E-cadherin- proximal lateral
      mesoderm and the second being CD45(-) VE-cadherin+ endothelial cells. To further
      dissect the CD45(-) VE-cadherin+ cells, we have examined distribution of alpha4
      integrin on this cell population, because alpha4-integrin is the molecule
      expressed on hematopoietic stem cells. During culture of FLK1(+) E-cadherin-
      cells, CD45(-) VE-cadherin+ alpha4-integrin- cells differentiate first, followed
      by alpha4-integrin+ cells appearing in both CD45(-) VE-cadherin+ and CD45(-) VE
      cadherin- cell populations. In the CD45(-) VE-cadherin+ cell population, alpha4
      integrin+ subset but not alpha4-integrin- subset had the potential to
      differentiate to hematopoietic lineage cells, whereas endothelial cell
      progenitors were present in both subsets. The CD45(-) VE-cadherin- alpha4
      integrin+ cells also showed hematopoietic potential. Reverse transcription
      polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that differential expression of the
      Gata2 and Myb genes correlated with the potential of the alpha4-integrin+ cells
      to give rise to hematopoietic cell differentiation. Hematopoietic CD45(-) VE
      cadherin+ alpha4-integrin+ cells were also present in the yolk sac and embryonic
      body proper of 9.5 day postcoitum mouse embryos. Our results suggest that the
      expression of alpha4-integrin is a marker of the earliest precursor of
      hematopoietic cell lineage that was diverged from endothelial progenitors.

PMID- 9949160
TI  - Lineage-restricted expression of protein kinase C isoforms in hematopoiesis.
AB  - The pattern of expression of several protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms (alpha,
      betaI, delta, epsilon, eta, and zeta) during the course of hematopoietic
      development was investigated using primary human CD34(+) hematopoietic cells and
      stable cell lines subcloned from the growth factor-dependent 32D murine
      hematopoietic cell line. Each 32D cell clone shows the phenotype and growth
      factor dependence characteristics of the corresponding hematopoietic lineage.
      Clear-cut differences were noticed between erythroid and nonerythroid lineages.
      (1) The functional inhibition of PKC-epsilon in primary human CD34(+)
      hematopoietic cells resulted in a twofold increase in the number of erythroid
      colonies. (2) Erythroid 32D Epo1 cells showed a lower level of bulk PKC catalytic
      activity, lacked the expression of epsilon and eta PKC isoforms, and showed a
      weak or absent upregulation of the remaining isoforms, except betaI, upon
      readdition of Epo to growth factor-starved cells. (3) 32D, 32D GM1, and 32D G1
      cell lines with mast cell, granulo-macrophagic, and granulocytic phenotype,
      respectively, expressed all the PKC isoforms investigated, but showed distinct
      responses to growth factor readdition. (4) 32D Epo 1.1, a clone selected for
      interleukin-3 (IL-3) responsiveness from 32D Epo1, expressed the epsilon isoform
      only when cultured with IL-3. On the other hand, when cultured in Epo, 32D Epo1.1
      cells lacked the expression of both epsilon and eta PKC isoforms, similarly to
      32D Epo1. (5) All 32D cell lines expressed the mRNA for PKC-epsilon, indicating
      that the downmodulation of the epsilon isoform occurred at a posttranscriptional
      level. In conclusion, the PKC isoform expression during hematopoiesis appears to
      be lineage-specific and, at least partially, related to the growth factor
      response.

PMID- 9949161
TI  - Inhibitory effect of the transcription factor encoded by the mi mutant allele in
      cultured mast cells of mice.
AB  - The mi locus of mice encodes a transcription factor of the basic-helix-loop-helix
      leucine zipper protein family (MITF). The MITF encoded by the mutant mi allele
      (mi-MITF) deletes 1 of 4 consecutive arginines in the basic domain. The mice of
      mi/mi genotype express mi-MITF, whereas the mice of tg/tg genotype have a
      transgene at the 5' flanking region of the mi gene and do not express any MITF.
      To investigate the function of mi-MITF in cultured mast cells (CMCs), we took two
      approaches. First, mRNA obtained from mi/mi CMCs or tg/tg CMCs was subtracted
      from complementary (c) DNA library of normal (+/+) CMCs, and the (+/+-mi/mi) and
      (+/+-tg/tg) subtraction libraries were obtained. When the number of clones that
      hybridized more efficiently with +/+ CMC cDNA probe than with mi/mi or tg/tg CMC
      cDNA probe was compared using Southern analysis, the number was larger in the
      (+/+-mi/mi) library than in the (+/+-tg/tg) library. Second, we compared mRNA
      expression of six genes between mi/mi and tg/tg CMCs by Northern analysis. The
      transcription of three genes encoding mouse mast cell proteases was impaired in
      both mi/mi and tg/tg CMCs. On the other hand, the transcription of three genes
      encoding c-kit receptor, tryptophan hydroxylase, and granzyme B was markedly
      reduced in mi/mi CMCs, but the reduction was significantly smaller in tg/tg CMCs.
      These results indicated the inhibitory effect of mi-MITF on the transactivation
      of particular genes in CMCs.

PMID- 9949162
TI  - The nuclear topography of ABL, BCR, PML, and RARalpha genes: evidence for gene
      proximity in specific phases of the cell cycle and stages of hematopoietic
      differentiation.
AB  - The mechanisms whereby chromosomal translocations are consistently associated
      with specific tumor types are largely unknown. A generally accepted hypothesis is
      that the physical proximity of the involved chromosomal regions may be one
      important factor in the genesis of these phenomena. Accordingly, a likely
      possibility is that such a proximity may occur in a cell-lineage and cell
      differentiation stage-specific manner. In this work, we have addressed this issue
      using as models the ABL and BCR genes of t(9;22) and the PML and RARalpha genes
      of t(15;17). By using in situ hybridization and confocal microscopy, we have
      measured the distances between these two pairs of genes in three-dimensionally
      preserved hematopoietic cells belonging to different cell lineages, at various
      stages of differentiation, and at various stages of the cell cycle, with the
      following results. (1) Intergenic distances vary periodically during the cell
      cycle and a significant association of ABL with BCR and of PML with RARalpha is
      seen at the transition between S and G2, which persists during G2 and prophase
      (such a behavior is not observed for distances between ABL or PML and the beta
      globin genes, used as a control). (2) The proportion of cells in which PML and
      RARalpha or ABL and BCR are closely associated is higher in hematopoietic
      precursors than in B-lymphoid cells (whereas the distances between ABL or PML and
      the beta-globin genes are not affected by cell type). (3) When intergenic
      distances in unstimulated bone marrow CD34(+) cells were compared with those in
      CD34(+) cells treated with interleukin-3 (IL-3), a trend towards a higher
      proximity of the ABL and BCR genes in the former and of the PML and RARalpha
      genes in the latter is observed. (4) Analysis of B-lymphoid cells during mitosis
      shows that intergenic distances at metaphase are strongly influenced by physical
      constraints imposed by the chromosomal location of the gene, by the size of the
      respective chromosome, and by the geometry of the metaphase plate. These findings
      suggest that intrinsic spatial dynamics, established early in hematopoiesis and
      perpetuated differentially in distinct cell lineages, may facilitate the
      collision of individual genes and thus reciprocal recombination between them at
      subsequent stages of hematopoietic differentiation.

PMID- 9949163
TI  - Transforming growth factor-beta1 polarizes murine hematopoietic progenitor cells
      to generate Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells through a monocyte/macrophage
      differentiation pathway.
AB  - We have recently demonstrated that CD11b-/dullCD11c+ and CD11b+hiCD11c+ dendritic
      cell (DC) precursor subsets represent two distinct DC differentiation pathways
      from murine bone marrow lineage-phenotype negative (Lin-)c-kit+ hematopoietic
      progenitor cells (HPCs) stimulated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating
      factor (GM-CSF) + stem cell factor (SCF) + tumor necrosis factor alpha
      (TNFalpha). We show here that transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1)
      significantly inhibits the generation of these CD11b-/dullCD11c+ and
      CD11b+hiCD11c+ DC precursors. Phenotypically, this inhibitory effect was
      accompanied by markedly suppressed expression of Ia and CD86 antigens as well as
      major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II transactivator (CIITA) and CC
      chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) mRNAs in Lin-c-kit+ HPC cultures stimulated with GM
      CSF + SCF + TNFalpha at day 6. TGF-beta1 could also suppress mature DC
      differentiation from CD11b+hiCD11c+ DC precursors, but not the differentiation
      from CD11b-/dullCD11c+ DC precursors. In the absence of TNFalpha, TGF-beta1
      markedly suppressed the expression of CIITA and CCR7 mRNAs in GM-CSF + SCF
      stimulated Lin-c-kit+ HPCs at either day 6 or day 12 and induced the
      differentiation solely into monocytes/macrophages as evident in morphology,
      active phagocytic, and endocytic activities. These cells expressed high levels of
      F4/80 and E-cadherin antigens, but low or undetectable levels of Ia, CD86, and
      CD40 molecules. However, upon the stimulation with TNFalpha + GM-CSF, these cells
      could further differentiate into mature DCs expressing high levels of Ia and E
      cadherin, characteristics for Langerhans cells (LCs), and gained the capacity of
      enhancing allogenic MLR. Taken together, all of these findings suggest that TGF
      beta1 polarizes murine HPCs to generate LC-like DCs through a monocyte/macrophage
      differentiation pathway.

PMID- 9949164
TI  - Cooperative activity of alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 integrins in mediating human
      B-cell lymphoma adhesion and chemotaxis on fibronectin through recognition of
      multiple synergizing binding sites within the central cell-binding domain.
AB  - We have quantitated the relative contributions of the constitutively active
      alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 integrins and the domains embodying their cognate
      binding sites in mediating human B-cell lymphoma adhesion and chemotaxis on
      fibronectin. By cooperating, the central cell-binding and IIICS carboxy-terminal
      domains were entirely responsible for the adhesion activity displayed by
      fibronectin, and their relative contribution to this process was estimated to be
      30% versus 70%. Assessment of the leukocyte-substrate binding strength (ie,
      dynes/cell) indicated a 10-fold higher avidity of the cell-IIICS domain
      interaction. The two integrins interchangeably recognized both domains, but
      differed quantitatively in their participation in the adhesive event, as well as
      in domain preference. The use of 3Fn (according to the nomenclature proposed by
      Bork and Koonin [Curr Opin Struct Biol 6:366, 1996] for the type III fibronectin
      modules) module-specific antibodies and recombinant polypeptides showed that
      alpha4 integrins recognized both the RGD sequence (3Fn10) and an apparently novel
      synergistic site located within the 3Fn8 module; even in this case, the integrins
      displayed a distinct binding site preference. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)/IL-2
      induced chemotaxis also involved cooperative function of the central cell-binding
      and IIICS domains, but the mechanisms regulating this phenomenon differed
      markedly from those controlling cell adhesion. First, the relative contribution
      of the individual domains was comparable, but neither of the individual domains
      promoted migration to the extent observed on intact fibronectin. Secondly,
      alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 integrins were both involved in the domain-binding
      necessary for initiation of migration, but the relative contribution of each
      receptor in the chemotactic process was less disparate than for initial cell
      adhesion. Thirdly, the mode by which chemotactic B-lymphoma movement was
      supported by the central cell-binding domain differed from that sustaining cell
      adhesion in that it involved independent recognition of either the 3Fn8 or the
      3Fn9 module, which acted in synergy with the 3Fn10 module. Our data provide novel
      evidence concerning the relative importance of the constitutively active
      alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 integrins for the interaction of B-cell lymphoma
      cells with fibronectin, and they emphasize a multiple and diverse recognition of
      sites responsible for either anchorage or locomotion of tumor leukocytes on this
      matrix molecule.

PMID- 9949165
TI  - A histomorphometric evaluation of heparin-induced bone loss after discontinuation
      of heparin treatment in rats.
AB  - Although it is well established that long-term heparin therapy causes
      osteoporosis, it is unknown whether heparin-induced bone loss is reversible when
      heparin treatment is stopped. To address this question, we randomized rats to
      once daily subcutaneous injections of either unfractionated heparin (1.0 U/g or
      0.5 U/g) or saline for 28 days and then followed the rats for an additional 28
      days off treatment. Based on histomorphometric analysis of the distal third of
      the right femur proximal to the epiphyseal growth plate, 1.0 U/g heparin caused a
      30% loss in cancellous bone volume over the first 28 days. This was accompanied
      by a 137% increase in osteoclast surface and a 60% decrease in both osteoblast
      and osteoid surface. One month after cessation of heparin treatment, no recovery
      in these parameters was observed. Similarly, serum levels of alkaline
      phosphatase, a biochemical marker of bone formation, which continued to decrease
      over the course of heparin treatment, showed no signs of recovery in the
      subsequent 28 days off treatment. To explore the mechanism responsible for the
      prolonged effect of heparin on bone, we repeated the experiment giving 125I
      labeled heparin in place of unlabeled heparin. 125I-labeled heparin was found to
      accumulate in bone during the course of its administration, and be retained in
      bone for at least 56 days after stopping heparin treatment. These findings
      suggest that heparin-induced osteoporosis is not rapidly reversible because
      heparin is sequestered in bone for an extended period.

PMID- 9949166
TI  - Characterization of two naturally occurring mutations in the second epidermal
      growth factor-like domain of factor VII.
AB  - We investigated the mechanisms responsible for severe factor VII (FVII)
      deficiency in homozygous Italian patients with either Gly97Cys or Gln100Arg
      mutations in the second epidermal growth factor domain of FVII. Transient
      expression of complementary DNA coding for the mutations in COS-1 cells showed
      impaired secretion of the mutant molecules. Using stably transfected Chinese
      hamster ovary (CHO) cells, we performed pulse-chase labeling studies,
      immunohistochemistry, and experiments with inhibitors of protein degradation,
      showing that FVII-Cys97 did not accumulate intracellularly but was degraded in a
      pre-Golgi, nonlysosomal compartment by a cysteine protease. In stably transfected
      CHO cells expressing FVII-Arg100, the level of intracellular FVII was not
      increased by several inhibitors of protein degradation, but FVII-Arg100 was
      retained in the endoplasmic reticulum for a longer period of time than wild-type
      FVII. FVII-Arg100 had a lower apparent molecular weight than did wild-type FVII
      under nondenaturing conditions, which is attributable to misfolding due to
      abnormal disulfide bond formation.

PMID- 9949168
TI  - Maturation of embryonic stem cells into endothelial cells in an in vitro model of
      vasculogenesis.
AB  - A primitive vascular plexus is formed through coordinated regulation of
      differentiation, proliferation, migration, and cell-cell adhesion of endothelial
      cell (EC) progenitors. In this study, a culture system was devised to investigate
      the behavior of purified EC progenitors in vitro. Because Flk-1(+) cells derived
      from ES cells did not initially express other EC markers, they were sorted and
      used as EC progenitors. Their in vitro differentiation into ECs, via vascular
      endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin)+ platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1
      (PECAM-1)+ CD34(-) to VE-cadherin+ PECAM-1(+) CD34(+) stage, occurred without
      exogenous factors, whereas their proliferation, particularly at low cell density,
      required OP9 feeder cells. On OP9 feeder layer, EC progenitors gave rise to sheet
      like clusters of Flk-1(+) cells, with VE-cadherin concentrated at the cell-cell
      junction. The growth was suppressed by Flt-1-IgG1 chimeric protein and dependent
      on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) but not placenta growth factor
      (PIGF). Further addition of VEGF resulted in cell dispersion, indicating the role
      of VEGF in the migration of ECs as well as their proliferation. Cell-cell
      adhesion of ECs in this culture system was mediated by VE-cadherin. Thus, the
      culture system described here is useful in dissecting the cellular events of EC
      progenitors that occur during vasculogenesis and in investigating the molecular
      mechanisms underlying these processes.

PMID- 9949167
TI  - Sialylation of the sialic acid binding lectin sialoadhesin regulates its ability
      to mediate cell adhesion.
AB  - The macrophage-specific cell surface receptor sialoadhesin, which is a member of
      the newly recognized family of sialic acid binding lectins called siglecs, binds
      glycoprotein and glycolipid ligands containing a2-3-linked sialic acid on the
      surface of several leukocyte subsets. Recently, the sialic acid binding activity
      of the siglec CD22 has been demonstrated to be regulated by sialylation of the
      CD22 receptor molecule. In the present work, we show that desialylation of in
      vivo macrophage sialylconjugates enhances sialoadhesin-mediated lectin activity.
      Herein, we show that receptor sialylation of soluble sialoadhesin inhibits its
      binding to Jurkat cell ligands, and that charge-dependent repulsion alone cannot
      explain this inhibition. Furthermore, we show that the inhibitory effect of
      sialic acid is partially dependent on the presence of an intact exocyclic side
      chain. These results, in conjunction with previous findings, suggest that
      sialylation of siglecs by specific glycosyltransferases may be a common mechanism
      by which siglec-mediated adhesion is regulated.

PMID- 9949169
TI  - Enhanced endothelial cell apoptosis in splenic tissues of patients with
      thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - Idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a thrombotic
      microangiopathy of obscure etiology. The fundamental pathologic lesion is a
      hyaline thrombus composed of platelets and some fibrin accompanied by endothelial
      cell proliferation and detachment, in the absence of an inflammatory response. We
      have previously demonstrated that plasmas from patients with both idiopathic TTP
      and a related disorder, sporadic hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), induce
      apoptosis and expression of the apoptosis-associated molecule Fas (CD95) in vitro
      in those lineages of microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) that are affected
      pathologically. We now demonstrate the presence of enhanced MVEC apoptosis in
      splenic tissues from patients with TTP, documented by terminal deoxynucleotidyl
      transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and morphology. This is
      accompanied by elevated Fas expression. It contrasts with the absence of
      apoptosis in splenic tissues obtained after splenectomy for trauma or immune
      thrombocytopenic purpura. TUNEL-positive cells, identified by
      immunohistochemistry as MVECs or macrophages, presumably engulfing apoptotic ECs,
      are noted in numerous areas, including those apart from microthrombi. Thus, it is
      unlikely that EC apoptosis is simply a sequela of thrombus formation. Based on
      these data, we propose that MVEC apoptosis is of pathophysiologic significance in
      idiopathic TTP/sporadic HUS.

PMID- 9949170
TI  - A reduced sensitivity for activated protein C in the absence of factor V Leiden
      increases the risk of venous thrombosis.
AB  - Activated protein C (APC) resistance caused by the factor V Leiden mutation is
      associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis. We investigated whether a
      reduced response to APC, not due to the factor V point mutation, is also a risk
      factor for venous thrombosis. For this analysis, we used the Leiden Thrombophilia
      Study (LETS), a case-control study for venous thrombosis including 474 patients
      with a first deep-vein thrombosis and 474 age- and sex-matched controls. All
      carriers of the factor V Leiden mutation were excluded. A dose-response
      relationship was observed between the sensitivity for APC and the risk of
      thrombosis: the lower the normalized APC sensitivity ratio, the higher the
      associated risk. The risk for the lowest quartile of normalized APC-SR (<0.92),
      which included 16.5% of the healthy controls, compared with the highest quartile
      (normalized APC-SR > 1.05) was greater than fourfold increased (OR = 4.4; 95%
      confidence interval, 2.9 to 6.6). We adjusted for VIII:C levels, which appeared
      to affect our APC resistance test. The adjusted (age, sex, FVIII:C) odds ratio
      for the lowest quartile was 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 4.2). So, after
      adjustment for factor VIII levels, a reduced response to APC remained a risk
      factor. Our results show that a reduced sensitivity for APC, not caused by the
      factor V Leiden mutation, is a risk factor for venous thrombosis.

PMID- 9949171
TI  - CD8 T-cell infiltration in extravascular tissues of patients with human
      immunodeficiency virus infection. Interleukin-15 upmodulates costimulatory
      pathways involved in the antigen-presenting cells-T-cell interaction.
AB  - Interleukin (IL)-15 regulates the proliferative activity of the CD8(+) T-cell
      pool in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, thereby
      contributing to the maintenance of the CD8(+) T-cell-mediated immune response
      against HIV in extravascular tissues, including the lung. However, the effects of
      IL-15 on antigen-presenting cells (APC) during HIV infection are still unclear.
      In this study, we evaluated whether IL-15 regulates the macrophage stimulatory
      pathways governing inflammatory events that take place in the lung of patients
      with HIV infection. As a first step we evaluated the in vitro effects of IL-15 on
      lung macrophages retrieved from the respiratory tract of eight normal subjects.
      Although macrophages from uninfected individuals expressed the IL-15 binding
      proteins (IL-15Ralpha and the common gammac) at resting conditions, they did not
      express IL-15 messenger RNA (mRNA). However, a 24-hour stimulation with IL-15
      induced the expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-15 itself,
      suggesting a role for this cytokine in the activation of the pulmonary macrophage
      pool during inflammation. As a confirmation of the role of IL-15 in this setting,
      at resting conditions, alveolar macrophages of patients with HIV infection and T
      cell alveolitis expressed IL-15, IFN-gamma, and IL-15 binding proteins; showed an
      upmodulation of costimulatory molecules, B7 and CD72, which are involved in the
      APC of macrophages; and behaved as effective accessory cells because they
      elicited a strong proliferation of T cells. The accessory effect was inhibited by
      pretreatment with anti-CD72, anti-B7 (CD80 and CD86), and anti-IL-15 monoclonal
      antibodies (MoAb). We then investigated the relationship between IL-15 and the
      expression of costimulatory molecules by macrophages. A 24-hour stimulation of IL
      15Ralpha+/gammac+ macrophages with IL-15 upregulated the expression of CD80 and
      CD86. The evidence that IL-15 upregulates the expression of coligands that favor
      the contact between T cells and APC, per se, triggers T-cell activation and
      proliferation and acts as a chemoattractant for T cells, suggests that IL-15
      plays a key role in Tc1-mediated defense mechanisms taking place in extravascular
      tissues of patients with HIV disease.

PMID- 9949172
TI  - Muc-1 core protein is expressed on multiple myeloma cells and is induced by
      dexamethasone.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) that selectively identify Muc-1 core protein (MoAbs
      DF3-P, VU-4H5) determinants were used to identify the Muc-1 glycoform present on
      7 multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines, 5 MM patient plasma cells, 12 MM patient B
      cells, as well as 32 non-MM cell lines and normal hematopoietic cells. Flow
      cytometry studies demonstrated that all MM cell lines, MM patient plasma cells,
      and MM patient B cells expressed Muc-1 core protein epitopes. Circulating B cells
      from 4 normal donors also expressed Muc-1 core protein. In contrast, Muc-1 core
      protein was absent on 28 of 32 non-MM neoplastic cell lines, 17 of which
      expressed Muc-1. Splenic and tonsillar B cells, CD34(+) stem cells, resting T
      cells, and bone marrow plasma cells obtained from normal donors both lacked Muc-1
      glycoforms. We next studied the effects of estrogen, progesterone, and
      glucocorticoid receptor agonists and antagonists on Muc-1 expression, because
      consensus sequences for the response elements of these steroids are present on
      the Muc-1 gene promoter. These studies showed that dexamethasone (Dex) induced
      Muc-1 expression on MM cell lines, as determined by both flow cytometry and
      Western blot analyses. Dex also induced upregulation of Muc-1 on prostate and
      ovarian cancer cell lines. Time and dose-response studies demonstrated that Dex
      induced maximal cell surface Muc-1 expression by 24 hours at concentrations of
      10(-8) mol/L. Dex induced Muc-1 upregulation could be blocked with a 10-fold
      excess of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486, confirming that Dex was
      acting via the glucocorticoid receptor. No changes in Muc-1 expression were
      observed on MM cells treated with estrogen and progesterone receptor agonists and
      antagonists or with RU486. These studies provide the framework for targeting Muc
      1 core protein in vaccination and serotherapy trials in MM. In addition, the
      finding that Muc-1 expression on MM cells can be augmented by Dex at
      pharmacologically achievable levels suggests their potential utility in enhancing
      treatments targeting Muc-1 in MM.

PMID- 9949173
TI  - Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 enhance the effect of IL-1beta on production of IL
      1 receptor antagonist by human primary hepatocytes and hepatoma HepG2 cells:
      differential effect on C-reactive protein production.
AB  - Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is produced by hepatocytes with
      characteristics of an acute-phase protein. To examine the role of IL-4 and IL-13
      in production of IL-1Ra, human primary hepatocytes and HepG2 human hepatoma cells
      were cultured in the presence of IL-4 or IL-13 in combination with IL-1beta
      and/or IL-6. The results indicated that both IL-4 and IL-13 amplified the
      stimulatory effect of IL-1beta on production of IL-1Ra protein and messenger RNA
      (mRNA) by both human primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. IL-1Ra refers to three
      different peptides, one secreted (sIL-1Ra) and two intracellular (icIL-1RaI and
      icIL-1RaII), derived from the same gene. sIL-1Ra and icIL-1RaI are the products
      of two different mRNA, whereas icIL-1RaII is synthesized by alternative
      translation initiation mainly from sIL-1Ra mRNA. Our results show that both sIL
      1Ra and icIL-1RaII, but not icIL-1RaI, are produced by HepG2 cells and human
      hepatocytes. Transient transfection experiments as well as mRNA stability studies
      indicated that IL-4 stimulated sIL-1Ra production primarly at the level of
      transcription. Gel retardation assays showed that IL-4 induced the formation of a
      STAT6-DNA complex with a STAT6 binding element within the sIL-1Ra promoter, but
      had no effect on IL-1-induced NF-kappaB binding activity. In contrast to IL-1Ra,
      production of C-reactive protein by human primary hepatocytes was stimulated by
      IL-6 and decreased by the addition of IL-4.

PMID- 9949174
TI  - Increased sensitivity of acute myeloid leukemias to lovastatin-induced apoptosis:
      A potential therapeutic approach.
AB  - We recently demonstrated that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)
      reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo cholesterol synthesis, was a
      potential mediator of the biological effects of retinoic acid on human
      neuroblastoma cells. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, lovastatin, which is used
      extensively in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, induced a potent apoptotic
      response in human neuroblastoma cells. This apoptotic response was triggered at
      lower concentrations and occurred more rapidly than had been previously reported
      in other tumor-derived cell lines, including breast and prostate carcinomas.
      Because of the increased sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells to lovastatin-induced
      apoptosis, we examined the effect of this agent on a variety of tumor cells,
      including leukemic cell lines and primary patient samples. Based on a variety of
      cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays, the 6 acute lymphocytic leukemia cell lines
      tested displayed a weak apoptotic response to lovastatin. In contrast, the
      majority of the acute myeloid leukemic cell lines (6/7) and primary cell cultures
      (13/22) showed significant sensitivity to lovastatin-induced apoptosis, similar
      to the neuroblastoma cell response. Of significance, in the acute myeloid
      leukemia, but not the acute lymphocytic leukemia cell lines, lovastatin-induced
      cytotoxicity was pronounced even at the physiological relevant concentrations of
      this agent. Therefore, our study suggests the evaluation of HMG-CoA reductase
      inhibitors as a therapeutic approach in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

PMID- 9949175
TI  - Activating mutation in the catalytic domain of c-kit elicits hematopoietic
      transformation by receptor self-association not at the ligand-induced
      dimerization site.
AB  - The c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) is constitutively activated by naturally
      occurring mutations in either the juxtamembrane domain or the kinase domain.
      Although the juxtamembrane domain mutations led to ligand-independent KIT
      dimerization, the kinase domain mutations (Asp814 --> Val or Tyr) did not. In an
      effort to determine if the kinase domain mutant could transfer oncogenic
      signaling without receptor dimerization, we have constructed the truncated types
      of c-kitWild and c-kitTyr814 cDNAs (c-kitDel-Wild and c-kitDel-Tyr814 cDNAs,
      respectively), in which ligand-binding and ligand-induced dimerization domains
      were deleted. When c-kitDel-Wild and c-kitDel-Tyr814 genes were introduced into a
      murine interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent cell line Ba/F3, KITDel-Tyr814 was
      constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine and activated, whereas KITDel-Wild was
      not. In addition, Ba/F3 cells expressing KITDel-Tyr814 (Ba/F3(Del-Tyr814)) grew
      in suspension culture without the addition of exogenous growth factor, whereas
      Ba/F3 cells expressing KITDel-Wild (Ba/F3(Del-Wild)) required IL-3 for growth.
      The factor-independent growth of Ba/F3(Del-Tyr814) cells was virtually abrogated
      by coexpression of KITW42 that is a dominant-negative form of KIT, but not by
      that of KITWild, suggesting that KITDel-Tyr814 may not function as a monomer but
      may require receptor dimerization for inducing factor-independent growth.
      Furthermore, KITDel-Tyr814 was found to be coimmunoprecipitated with KITWild or
      KITW42 by an ACK2 monoclonal antibody directed against the extracellular domain
      of KIT. Moreover, KITW42 was constitutively associated with a chimeric
      FMS/KITTyr814 receptor containing the ligand-binding and receptor dimerization
      domain of c-fms receptor (FMS) fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain
      of KITTyr814, but not with a chimeric FMS/KITWild receptor even after stimulation
      with FMS-ligand. These results suggest that constitutively activating mutation of
      c-kit at the Asp814 codon may cause a conformation change that leads to receptor
      self-association not in the extracellular domain and that the receptor self
      association of the Asp814 mutant may be important for activation of downstream
      effectors that are required for factor-independent growth and tumorigenicity.

PMID- 9949176
TI  - Molecular analysis of 11q13 breakpoints in multiple myeloma.
AB  - The t(11;14)(q13;q32) chromosomal translocation, which is the hallmark of mantle
      cell lymphoma (MCL), is found in approximately 30% of multiple myeloma (MM)
      tumors with a 14q32 translocation. Although the overexpression of cyclin D1 has
      been found to be correlated with MM cell lines carrying the t(11;14),
      rearrangements of the BCL-1/cyclin D1 regions frequently involved in MCL rarely
      occur in MM cell lines or primary tumors. To test whether specific 11q13
      breakpoint clusters may occur in MM, we investigated a representative panel of
      primary tumors by means of Southern blot analysis using probes derived from MM
      associated 11q13 breakpoints. To this end, we first cloned the breakpoints and
      respective germ-line regions from a primary tumor and the U266 cell line, as well
      as the germ-line region from the KMS-12 cell line. DNA from 50 primary tumors was
      tested using a large panel of probes, but a rearrangement was detected in only
      one case using the KMS-12 breakpoint probe. Our results confirm previous findings
      that the 11q13 breakpoints in MM are scattered throughout the 11q13 region
      encompassing the cyclin D1 gene, thus suggesting the absence of 11q13 breakpoint
      clusters in MM.

PMID- 9949177
TI  - GCKR links the Bcr-Abl oncogene and Ras to the stress-activated protein kinase
      pathway.
AB  - The Bcr-Abl oncogene, found in Philadelphia chromosome-positive myelogenous
      leukemia (CML), activates Ras and triggers the stress-activated protein kinase
      (SAPK or Jun NH2-terminal kinase [JNK]) pathway. Interruption of Ras or SAPK
      activation dramatically reduces Bcr-Abl-mediated transformation. Here, we report
      that Bcr-Abl through a Ras-dependent pathway signals the serine/threonine protein
      kinase GCKR (Germinal Center Kinase Related) leading to SAPK activation. Either
      an oncogenic form of Ras or Bcr-Abl enhances GCKR catalytic activity and its
      activation of SAPK, whereas inhibition of GCKR impairs Bcr-Abl-induced SAPK
      activation. Bcr-Abl mutants that are impaired for GCKR activation are also unable
      to activate SAPK. Consistent with GCKR being a functional target in CML, GCKR is
      constitutively active in CML cell lines and found in association with Bcr-Abl.
      Our results indicate that GCKR is a downstream target of Bcr-Abl and strongly
      implicate GCKR as a mediator of Bcr-Abl in its transformation of cells.

PMID- 9949178
TI  - Both Stat3-activation and Stat3-independent BCL2 downregulation are important for
      interleukin-6-induced apoptosis of 1A9-M cells.
AB  - A unique subclone of a bone marrow-derived stromal cell line, BMS2.4, produces
      soluble factors that inhibit proliferation of several types of hematopoietic cell
      lines. An understanding of these molecules may be informative about negative
      regulatory circuits that can potentially limit blood cell formation. We used
      expression cloning to identify interleukin-6 (IL-6) as one factor that suppressed
      growth of a pre-B-cell variant line, 1A9-M. Moreover, IL-6 induced macrophage
      differentiation and apoptosis of 1A9-M cells. During this process, IL-6
      downregulated expression of BCL2 in 1A9-M cells and stimulated BCL-XL expression,
      but had no effect on p53, Bax, or Bak gene expression. Mechanisms for
      transduction of IL-6-induced signals were then evaluated in IL-6-stimulated 1A9-M
      cells. Whereas the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) was
      phosphorylated and activated, there was no effect on either Stat1 or Stat5. The
      importance of BCL2 and Stat3 on IL-6-induced macrophage-differentiation and
      apoptosis was studied with 1A9-M cells expressing human BCL2 or a dominant
      negative form of Stat3, respectively. IL-6-induced apoptosis, but not macrophage
      differentiation, was blocked by continuously expressed BCL2. A dominant-negative
      form of Stat3 inhibited both macrophage-differentiation and apoptosis induced by
      IL-6. However, diminished Stat3 activity did not prevent IL-6-induced
      downregulation of the BCL2 gene. Therefore, activation of Stat3 is essential for
      IL-6-induced macrophage-differentiation and programmed cell death in this model.
      Whereas overexpression of BCL2 abrogates the apoptotic response, Stat3
      independent signals appear to downregulate expression of the BCL2 gene.

PMID- 9949179
TI  - Fusion of ETV6 to neurotrophin-3 receptor TRKC in acute myeloid leukemia with
      t(12;15)(p13;q25).
AB  - Chromosome translocations involving band 12p13 are known to be involved in a
      variety of hematologic malignancies, some of them resulting in rearrangement of
      the ETV6/TEL gene. Applying the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method,
      we found a cryptic translocation t(12;15)(p13;q25) in an adult acute myeloid
      leukemia (AML) patient. Hybridization with cosmid probes showed that the ETV6
      gene was rearranged in this translocation. A patient-specific cDNA library was
      screened with ETV6 cDNA, and a novel fusion transcript was identified between the
      ETV6 and TRKC/NTRK3 gene located on 15q25. TRKC is a receptor tyrosine kinase
      that is activated by neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). It is known to be expressed broadly
      in neural tissues but not in hematologic cells, so far. ETV6-TRKC chimeric
      transcript encoded the pointed (PNT) domain of the ETV6 gene that fused to the
      protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK) domain of the TRKC gene. Two types of fusion
      transcript were determined, one that included the entire PTK domain of TRKC and
      the other in which the 3'-terminal 462 bp of TRKC was truncated within the PTK
      domain. Western blot analysis showed the expression of both chimeric proteins of
      52 and 38 kD in size. Our results suggest that chimeric PTK expressed in the
      leukemic cells may contribute to cellular transformation by abnormally activating
      TRK signaling pathways. Moreover, this is the first report on truncated
      neurotrophin receptors associated in leukemia.

PMID- 9949180
TI  - Proliferation and apoptosis-related gene expression in experimental acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome-related simian lymphoma.
AB  - Lymphomas in 10 cynomolgus monkeys infected with a simian immunodeficiency virus
      (SIVsm) were studied with regard to proliferative activity and apoptosis-related
      gene expression. All were diffuse large-cell lymphomas, showed mono or
      oligoclonality and a 9/10 diploid cellular DNA content. Expression of a simian
      homologue to Epstein-Barr virus (HVMF-1) was shown in nine cases. The lymphomas
      showed moderate to high proliferative activity by Ki67 immunostaining and DNA
      flow cytometry, and a low number of apoptotic cells detected by TdT-mediated dUTP
      nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Immunohistochemistry showed abundant tumor
      infiltrating TIA-1(+) cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) and macrophages. Bcl-2, Mcl-1,
      and also Bax and Bak, but not p53 were demonstrable in the tumor cells by
      immunostaining. Our findings suggest a causal relationship between HVMF-1
      infection and a low apoptotic index of the lymphomas due to the expression of Bcl
      2. The apparent inefficient function of tumor-infiltrating CTL could be due to
      inactivation of CTL and/or resistance of the lymphoma cells to CTL effects. The
      tumors showed immunoreactivity for CD18, CD29, and CD49d, but not for CD11a,
      mimicking the phenotype of human Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related lymphomas. In
      summary, our observations indicate a high similarity between this simian model of
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphomas (ARL) and human ARL
      and other immunosuppression-related lymphomas.

PMID- 9949181
TI  - Cytogenetic profile of lymphoma of follicle mantle lineage: correlation with
      clinicobiologic features.
AB  - Conventional chromosome analysis (CCA) and interphase fluorescence in situ
      hybridization (FISH) was performed in 42 patients with mantle-cell lymphoma
      (MCL), with BCL1 rearrangement. The t(11;14)(q13;q32) or 11q abnormalities were
      detected by CCA in 34 cases, 20 of which had additional aberrations. A normal
      karyotype was observed in 8 cases. Probes detecting the chromosome aberrations
      that were observed in at least 3 cases by CCA, ie, +12, 13q14 deletion, and 17p
      deletion, were used for interphase FISH analysis. FISH detected total or partial
      +12, 13q14 deletion and 17p- in 28.5%, 52.4%, and 26% of the cases, respectively.
      The presence of these anomalies was not a function of karyotype complexity. Based
      on the results of CCA/FISH, three groups of increasing karyotype complexity were
      recognized: group 1, including 11 patients without detectable aberrations in
      addition to BCL1 rearrangement; group 2, including 14 patients with 1 to 2
      additional anomalies; and group 3, including 17 patients with three or more
      additional anomalies. Clinical parameters associated with shorter survival were
      male sex (P =.006) and primary lymph-node involvement compared with primary bone
      marrow involvement (P =.015). Trisomy 12 was the only single cytogenetic
      parameter predictive of a poor prognosis (P =.006) and the best prognostic
      indicator was the derived measure of karyotype complexity (P <.0001), which
      maintained statistical significance in multivariate analysis (P<.0001). We
      arrived at the following conclusions: 13q14 deletion occurs at a high incidence
      in MCL; 17p deletion and total/partial +12 are relatively frequent events in MCL,
      the latter aberration being associated with a shorter survival; and the degree of
      karyotype complexity has a strong impact on prognosis in this neoplasia.

PMID- 9949182
TI  - The t(6;8)(q27;p11) translocation in a stem cell myeloproliferative disorder
      fuses a novel gene, FOP, to fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.
AB  - In patients with an atypical stem-cell myeloproliferative disorder with lymphoma
      (B or T cell), myeloid hyperplasia, and eosinophilia, the chromosome 8p11-12
      region is the site of a recurrent breakpoint that can be associated with three
      different partners, 6q27, 9q32-34, and 13q12. Rearrangements are supposed to
      affect a pluripotent stem cell capable of myeloid and lymphoid differentiation
      and to involve the same 8p11-12 gene. The t(8;13) translocation has recently been
      shown to result in a fusion between the FGFR1 gene that encodes a tyrosine kinase
      receptor for fibroblast growth factors and a novel gene, FIM (also called RAMP or
      ZNF198), belonging to a novel family of zinc finger genes. In the present study,
      we have cloned the t(6;8)(q27;p11) translocation in two patients and found a
      fusion between FGFR1 and a novel gene, FOP (FGFR1 Oncogene Partner), located on
      chromosome band 6q27. This gene is alternatively spliced and ubiquitously
      expressed. It encodes a protein containing two regions of putative leucine-rich
      repeats putatively folding in alpha-helices and separated by a hydrophobic
      spacer. The two reciprocal fusion transcripts were evidenced by reverse
      transcription-polymerase chain reaction in the tumoral cells of the patients. The
      predicted chimeric FOP-FGFR1 protein contains the FOP N-terminus leucine-rich
      region fused to the catalytic domain of FGFR1. It may promote hematopoietic stem
      cell proliferation and leukemogenesis through a constitutive phosphorylation and
      activation of the downstream pathway of FGFR1.

PMID- 9949183
TI  - p21(cip-1/waf-1) deficiency causes deformed nuclear architecture, centriole
      overduplication, polyploidy, and relaxed microtubule damage checkpoints in human
      hematopoietic cells.
AB  - A recent hypothesis suggests that tumor-specific killing by radiation and
      chemotherapy agents is due to defects or loss of cell cycle checkpoints. An
      important component of some checkpoints is p53-dependent induction of p21(cip
      1/waf-1). Both p53 and p21 have been shown to be required for microtubule damage
      checkpoints in mitosis and in G1 phase of the cell cycle and they thus help to
      maintain genetic stability. We present here evidence that p21(cip-1/waf-1)
      deficiency relaxes the G1 phase microtubule checkpoint that is activated by
      microtubule damage induced with nocodazole. Reduced p21(cip-1/waf-1) expression
      also results in gross nuclear abnormalities and centriole overduplication. p53
      has already been implicated in centrosome regulation. Our findings further
      suggest that the p53/p21 axis is involved in a checkpoint pathway that links the
      centriole/centrosome cycle and microtubule organization to the DNA replication
      cycle and thus helps to maintain genomic integrity. The inability to efficiently
      upregulate p21(cip-1/waf-1) in p21(cip-1/waf-1) antisense-expressing cells in
      response to microtubule damage could uncouple the centrosome cycle from the DNA
      cycle and lead to nuclear abnormalicies and polyploidy. A centrosome duplication
      checkpoint could be a new target for novel chemotherapy strategies.

PMID- 9949184
TI  - Activation of nitric oxide release and oxidative metabolism by leukotrienes B4,
      C4, and D4 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - Because arachidonate metabolites are potent mediators of inflammation, we have
      studied the effects of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and the cysteinyl leukotrienes C4
      and D4 (LTC4 and LTD4) on the release of nitric oxide (NO), in vitro, by human
      polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN). Two independent and highly sensitive real
      time methods were used for these studies, ie, the NO-dependent oxidation of
      oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) to methemoglobin and a NO-sensitive microelectrode. When
      activated with LTB4, LTC4, or LTD4, but not with other lipoxygenase products such
      as 5S-HETE, 5-oxo-ETE or 5S, 12S-diHETE, PMN produced NO in a stimulus- and
      concentration-dependent manner. The rank order of potency was LTB4 = LTC4 > LTD4,
      corresponding to 232 +/- 50 pmol of NO/10(6) PMN for 100 nmol/L LTB4 after 30
      minutes. The kinetic properties of the responses were similar for all three
      leukotrienes with a maximum response at 13 +/- 3 minutes. Cysteinyl leukotriene
      and LTB4 antagonists inhibited the agonist-induced NO production by 70%, and
      treatment with Bordetella pertussis toxin, or chelation of cytosolic Ca2+,
      [Ca2+]i, also efficiently inhibited this response. In contrast, treatment of PMN
      with cytochalasin B (5 microg/mL) enhanced the LTB4-induced NO formation by 86%.
      Thus, this is the first demonstration that the cysteinyl leukotrienes LTC4 and
      LTD4, as well as LTB4, activate NO release from human PMN by surface receptor, G
      protein and [Ca2+]i-dependent mechanisms. This effect differs from activation of
      the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, for which only
      LTB4 is an activator.

PMID- 9949185
TI  - Previous uptake of apoptotic neutrophils or ligation of integrin receptors
      downmodulates the ability of macrophages to ingest apoptotic neutrophils.
AB  - Clearance of apoptotic neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocyte [PMN]) by
      macrophages is thought to play a crucial role in resolution of acute
      inflammation. There is increasing evidence that ingestion of apoptotic cells
      modulates macrophage behavior. We therefore performed experiments to determine
      whether ingestion of apoptotic PMN modulated the uptake process itself. Rat bone
      marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) ingested apoptotic PMN by a process that was
      enhanced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and attenuated by interferon (IFN)-gamma,
      interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10. It was inhibitable by the tetrapeptide arg-gly-gln
      ser (RGDS), therefore implicating the alphavbeta3/CD36/thrombospondin pathway.
      Interaction of apoptotic PMN with BMDM for 30 minutes, 48 hours before
      rechallenge reduced uptake of apoptotic PMN by 50% compared with previously
      unchallenged BMDM. Blocking initial uptake with RGDS abrogated the effect of
      preexposure. Comparable and sustained attenuation of uptake was obtained by
      ligating alphavbeta3 with the monoclonal antibody (MoAb), F11, after a delay of
      more than 90 minutes, whereas MoAbs to CD25 and CD45 had no effect. Ligation of
      alpha6beta1 and alpha1beta2, integrins not previously implicated in the
      engulfment of apoptotic cells also decreased uptake with similar kinetics to F11.
      Therefore, apoptotic PMN regulate their own uptake through an integrin-dependent
      process, which can be reproduced by ligation of other integrins expressed by
      macrophages.

PMID- 9949186
TI  - Oncostatin M production and regulation by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
AB  - Oncostatin M (OSM) is an interleukin-6 (IL-6) family cytokine known in particular
      to induce the synthesis of acute-phase proteins by hepatocytes. Because human
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) can secrete numerous cytokines, the potential
      production of OSM by PMN was investigated. Highly purified PMN were found to
      contain an intracellular stock of preformed OSM that was rapidly mobilized by
      degranulating agents such as phorbol myristate acetate and granulocyte-macrophage
      colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Moreover, PMN produced OSM after a few hours
      of stimulation by various agonists. The most potent effect was observed with the
      combination of lipopolysaccharide and GM-CSF, which had a concentration- and time
      dependent effect at both the protein and mRNA levels. Actinomycin D strongly
      reduced OSM mRNA induction, suggesting the involvement of gene transcription.
      Cycloheximide inhibited OSM protein synthesis but did not affect the release of
      preformed stores. In addition, OSM production was downregulated by dexamethasone,
      whereas IL-10 had no effect. The OSM produced by PMN was biologically active, as
      demonstrated by its ability to induce alpha1-acid glycoprotein synthesis by HepG2
      cells. OSM secretion thus occurs through a two-step mechanism in PMN, consisting
      of early release of a preformed stock, followed by de novo protein synthesis.
      This would allow rapid and sustained OSM release to occur at inflammatory sites,
      and may contribute to the modulation of local inflammation.

PMID- 9949187
TI  - Anionic polysaccharides inhibit adhesion of sickle erythrocytes to the vascular
      endothelium and result in improved hemodynamic behavior.
AB  - The abnormal adherence of sickle red blood cells (SS RBC) to vascular endothelium
      may play an important role in vasoocclusion in sickle cell anemia. Thrombospondin
      (TSP), unusually large molecular weight forms of von Willebrand factor, and
      laminin are known to enhance adhesion of SS RBC. Also, these endothelial proteins
      bind to sulfated glycolipids and this binding is inhibited by anionic
      polysaccharides. Reversible sickling may expose normally cryptic membrane
      sulfatides that could mediate this adhesive interaction. In this study, we have
      investigated the effect of anionic polysaccharides, in the presence or absence of
      TSP, on SS RBC adhesion to the endothelium, using cultured human umbilical vein
      endothelial cells (HUVEC) (for the adhesion assay) and the ex vivo mesocecum of
      the rat (for hemodynamic evaluation). The baseline adhesion (ie, without added
      TSP) of SS RBC to HUVEC was most effectively inhibited by high molecular weight
      dextran sulfate (HDS), whereas low molecular weight dextran sulfate (LDS) and the
      glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) also had significant inhibitory
      effects. Heparin was mildly effective whereas other glycosaminoglycans
      (chondroitin sulfates B and C, heparan sulfate, and fucoidan) were ineffective.
      Similarly, HDS and CSA resulted in an improved hemodynamic behavior of SS RBC.
      Soluble TSP caused significant increases in SS RBC adhesion and in the peripheral
      resistance. Both HDS and CSA prevented TSP-enhanced adhesion and hemodynamic
      abnormalities. Thus, anionic polysaccharides can inhibit SS RBC-endothelium
      interaction in the presence or absence of soluble TSP. These agents may interact
      with RBC membrane component(s) and prevent TSP-mediated adhesion of SS RBC to the
      endothelium.

PMID- 9949188
TI  - Tenascin-C inhibits beta1 integrin-dependent cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth
      on fibronectin by a disialoganglioside-mediated signaling mechanism.
AB  - We have previously shown that the extracellular matrix molecule tenascin-C
      inhibits fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth by an
      interaction with a cellular RGD-independent receptor which interferes with the
      adhesion and neurite outgrowth promoting activities of the fibronectin
      receptor(s). Here we demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of tenascin-C on
      beta1integrin-dependent cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth is mediated by the
      interaction of the protein with membrane-associated disialogangliosides, which
      interferes with protein kinase C-related signaling pathways. First, in substratum
      mixtures with fibronectin, an RGD sequence-containing fragment of the molecule or
      synthetic peptide, tenascin-C inhibited cell adhesion and spreading by a
      disialoganglioside-dependent, sialidase-sensitive mechanism leading to an
      inhibition of protein kinase C. Second, the interaction of intact or trypsinized,
      i.e., cell surface glycoprotein-free, cells with immobilized tenascin-C was
      strongly inhibited by gangliosides or antibodies to gangliosides and tenascin-C.
      Third, preincubation of immobilized tenascin-C with soluble disialogangliosides
      resulted in a delayed cell detachment as a function of time. Similar to tenascin
      C, immobilized antibody to GD2 (3F8) or sphingosine, a protein kinase C
      inhibitor, strongly inhibited RGD-dependent cell spreading. Finally, the degree
      of tenascin-C-induced inhibition of cell adhesion was proportional to the degree
      of disialoganglioside levels of expression by different cells suggesting the
      relevance of such mechanism in modulating integrin-mediated cell-matrix
      interactions during pattern formation or tumor progression.

PMID- 9949189
TI  - Bovine mammary gland UDP-GalNAc:GlcNAcbeta-R beta1-->4-N
      acetylgalactosaminyltransferase is glycoprotein hormone nonspecific and shows
      interaction with alpha-lactalbumin.
AB  - We have identified a novel N -acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity in
      lactating bovine mammary gland membranes. Acceptor specificity studies and
      analysis of products obtained in vitro by 400 MHz1H-NMR spectroscopy revealed
      that the enzyme catalyses the transfer of N -acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) from
      UDP-GalNAc to acceptor substrates carrying a terminal, beta-linked N 
      acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residue and establishes a beta1-->4-linkage forming a
      GalNAcbeta1-->4GlcNAc ( N, N '-diacetyllactosediamine, lacdiNAc) unit. Therefore,
      the enzyme can be identified as a UDP-GalNAc:GlcNAcbeta-R beta1-->4-N
      acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (beta4-GalNAcT). This enzyme resembles
      invertebrate beta4-GalNAcT as well as mammalian beta4-galactosyltransferase
      (beta4-GalT) in acceptor specificity. It can, however, be clearly distinguished
      from the pituitary hormone-specific beta4-GalNAcT by its incapability of acting
      with an elevated activity on a glycoprotein substrate carrying a hormone-specific
      peptide motif. Furthermore, the GalNAcT activity appeared not to be due to a
      promiscuous action of a beta4-GalT as could be demonstrated by comparing the
      beta4-GalNAcT and beta4-GalT activities of the mammary gland, bovine colostrum,
      and purified beta4-GalT, by competition studies with UDP-GalNAc and UDP-Gal, and
      by use of an anti-beta4-GalT polyclonal inhibiting antibody. Interestingly, under
      conditions where mammalian beta4-GalT forms with alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) the
      lactose synthase complex, the mammary gland beta4-GalNAcT was similarly induced
      by alpha-LA to act on Glc with an increased efficiency yielding the lactose
      analog GalNAcbeta1-->4Glc. This enzyme thus forms the second example of a
      mammalian glycosyltransferase the specificity of which can be modified by this
      milk protein. It is proposed that the mammary gland beta4-GalNAcT functions in
      the synthesis of lacdiNAc-based, complex-type glycans frequently occurring on
      bovine milk glycoproteins. The action of this enzyme is to be considered when
      aiming at the production of properly glycosylated protein biopharmaceuticals in
      the milk of transgenic dairy animals.

PMID- 9949190
TI  - Incorporation of 15N from ammonium into the N-linked oligosaccharides of an
      immunoadhesin glycoprotein expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - Elevated ammonium concentrations in the medium of cultivated cells have been
      shown to increase the intracellular levels of uridine-5'-diphospho-N
      acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and uridine-5'-diphospho-N-acetylgalactosamine
      (UDP-GalNAc; Ryll et al., 1994). These sugar nucleotides are substrates for
      glycosyltransferases in the glycosylation pathway. In our experiments,
      recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells producing an immunoadhesin glycoprotein
      (GP1-IgG) have been cultivated under controlled cell culture conditions in the
      presence of different ammonium concentrations.15N-Labeled ammonium chloride
      (15NH4Cl) was added exogenously to the cell culture media to determine if
      ammonium was incorporated into UDP-GlcNAc and cytidine-5'-monophospho-N
      acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NANA) pools, and subsequently incorporated into GP1
      IgG as N-linked glycans. The intracellular pools of UDP-activated hexosamines
      (UDP-GNAc) were followed during the time course of the experiment. To assess the
      extent of15NH4+incorporation into the glycans of GP1-IgG, the glycoprotein was
      first purified to homogeneity by protein A chromatography. Enzymatically released
      N-glycans were then analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time
      of-flight mass spectrometry. N-Glycans synthesized in the presence of15NH4Cl
      revealed an N-glycan-dependent increase in mass-to-charge of 2.5-4.8 Da. These
      results indicate that 60-70% of the total nitrogen containing monosaccharides had
      incorporated15N. Presumably,15NH4+was incorporated into GlcNAc and N
      acetylneuraminic acid as proposed earlier (Ryll et al., 1994). This might be a
      universal and previously not described reaction in mammalian cells when exposed
      to nonphysiological but in cell culture commonly found concentrations of
      ammonium. The data presented here are of significance for glycoprotein production
      in mammalian cell culture, since it has been shown previously that elevated
      levels of UDP-activated hexosamines affect N-glycan characteristics such as
      branching and degree of amino sugar incorporation. In addition, our results
      demonstrate that isotope labeling in combination with MALDI-TOF-MS can be used as
      an alternate tool to radioactive labeling of sugar substrates in metabolic
      studies.

PMID- 9949191
TI  - Coexpression of alpha1,2 galactosyltransferase and UDP-galactose transporter
      efficiently galactosylates N- and O-glycans in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - We have studied in vivo neo-galactosylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and
      analyzed the critical factors involved in this system. Two heterologous genes,
      gma12(+) encoding alpha1, 2-galactosyltransferase (alpha1,2 GalT) from
      Schizosaccharomyces pombe and UGT2 encoding UDP-galactose (UDP-Gal) transporter
      from human, were functionally expressed to examine the intracellular conditions
      required for galactosylation. Detection by fluorescence labeled alpha-galactose
      specific lectin revealed that 50% of the cells incorporated galactose to cell
      surface mannoproteins only when the gma12(+) and hUGT2 genes were coexpressed in
      galactose media. Integration of both genes in the Delta mnn1 background cells
      increased galactosylation to 80% of the cells. Correlation between cell surface
      galactosylation and UDP-galactose transport activity indicated that an exogenous
      supply of UDP-Gal transporter rather than alpha1,2 GalT played a key role for
      efficient galactosylation in S.cerevisiae. In addition, this heterologous system
      enabled us to study the in vivo function of S. pombe alpha1,2 GalT to prove that
      it transfers galactose to both N - and O -linked oligosaccharides. Structural
      analysis indicated that this enzyme transfers galactose to O -mannosyl residue
      attached to polypeptides and produces Galalpha1,2-Man1-O-Ser/Thr structure. Thus,
      we have successfully generated a system for efficient galactose incorporation
      which is originally absent in S. cerevisiae, suggesting further possibilities for
      in vivo glycan remodeling toward therapeutically useful galactose containing
      heterologous proteins in S. cerevisiae.

PMID- 9949192
TI  - Interactions of neural glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans with protein ligands:
      assessment of selectivity, heterogeneity and the participation of core proteins
      in binding.
AB  - The method of affinity coelectrophoresis was used to study the binding of nine
      representative glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding proteins, all thought to play
      roles in nervous system development, to GAGs and proteoglycans isolated from
      developing rat brain. Binding to heparin and non-neural heparan and chondroitin
      sulfates was also measured. All nine proteins-laminin-1, fibronectin,
      thrombospondin-1, NCAM, L1, protease nexin-1, urokinase plasminogen activator,
      thrombin, and fibroblast growth factor-2-bound brain heparan sulfate less
      strongly than heparin, but the degree of difference in affinity varied
      considerably. Protease nexin-1 bound brain heparan sulfate only 1.8-fold less
      tightly than heparin (Kdvalues of 35 vs. 20 nM, respectively), whereas NCAM and
      L1 bound heparin well (Kd approximately 140 nM) but failed to bind detectably to
      brain heparan sulfate (Kd>3 microM). Four proteins bound brain chondroitin
      sulfate, with affinities equal to or a few fold stronger than the same proteins
      displayed toward cartilage chondroitin sulfate. Overall, the highest affinities
      were observed with intact heparan sulfate proteoglycans: laminin-1's affinities
      for the proteoglycans cerebroglycan (glypican-2), glypican-1 and syndecan-3 were
      300- to 1800-fold stronger than its affinity for brain heparan sulfate. In
      contrast, the affinities of fibroblast growth factor-2 for cerebroglycan and for
      brain heparan sulfate were similar. Interestingly, partial proteolysis of
      cerebroglycan resulted in a >400-fold loss of laminin affinity. These data
      support the views that (1) GAG-binding proteins can be differentially sensitive
      to variations in GAG structure, and (2) core proteins can have dramatic, ligand
      specific influences on protein-proteoglycan interactions.

PMID- 9949193
TI  - An essential saccharide binding domain for the mAb 2C7 established for Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae LOS by ES-MS and MSn.
AB  - A study of bacterial surface oligosaccharides were investigated among different
      strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to correlate structural features essential for
      binding to the MAb 2C7. This epitope is widely expressed and conserved in
      gonococcal isolates, characteristics essential to an effective candidate vaccine
      antigen. Sample lipooligosaccharides (LOS), was prepared by a modification of the
      hot phenol-water method from which de-O-acetylated LOS and oligosaccharide (OS)
      components were analyzed by ES-MS-CID-MS and ES-MSnin a triple quadrupole and an
      ion trap mass spectrometer, respectively. Previously documented natural
      heterogeneity was apparent from both LOS and OS preparations which was admixed
      with fragments induced by hydrazine and mild acid treatment. Natural
      heterogeneity was limited to phosphorylation and antenni extensions to the alpha
      chain. Mild acid hydrolysis to release OS also hydrolyzed the beta(1-->6)
      glycosidic linkage of lipid A. OS structures were determined by collisional and
      resonance excitation combined with MS and multistep MSn which provided sequence
      information from both neutral loss, and nonreducing terminal fragments. A
      comparison of OS structures, with earlier knowledge of MAb binding, enzyme
      treatment, and partial acid hydrolysis indicates a generic overlapping domain for
      2C7 binding. Reoccurring structural features include a Hepalpha(1-->3)Hepbeta(1-
      >5)KDO trisaccharide core branched on the nonreducing terminus (Hep-2) with an
      alpha(1-->2) linked GlcNAc (gamma-chain), and an alpha-linked lactose (beta
      chain) residue. From the central heptose (Hep-1), a beta(1-->4) linked lactose
      (alpha-chain), moiety is required although extensions to this residue appear
      unnecessary.

PMID- 9949194
TI  - Purification and characterization of Dolichos lablab lectin.
AB  - The mannose/glucose-binding Dolichos lablab lectin (designated DLL) has been
      purified from seeds of Dolichos lablab (hyacinth bean) to electrophoretic
      homogeneity by affinity chromatography on an ovalbumin-Sepharose 4B column. The
      purified lectin gave a single symmetric protein peak with an apparent molecular
      mass of 67 kDa on gel filtration chromatography, and five bands ranging from 10
      kDa to 22 kDa upon SDS-PAGE. N-Terminal sequence analysis of these bands revealed
      subunit heterogeneity due to posttranslational proteolytic truncation at
      different sites mostly at the carboxyl terminus. The carbohydrate binding
      properties of the purified lectin were investigated by three different
      approaches: hemagglutination inhibition assay, quantitative precipitation
      inhibition assay, and ELISA. On the basis of these studies, it is concluded that
      the Dolichos lablab lectin has neither an extended carbohydrate combining site,
      nor a hydrophobic binding site adjacent to it. The carbohydrate combining site of
      DLL appears to most effectively accommodate a nonreducing terminal alpha-d
      mannosyl unit, and to be complementary to the C-3, C-4, and C-6 equatorial
      hydroxyl groups of alpha-d-mannopyranosyl and alpha-d-glucopyranosyl residues.
      DLL strongly precipitates murine IgM but not IgG, and the recent finding that
      this lectin interacts specifically with NIH 3T3 fibroblasts transfected with the
      Flt3 tyrosine kinase receptor and preserves human cord blood stem cells and
      progenitors in a quiescent state for prolonged periods in culture, make this
      lectin a valuable tool in biomedical research.

PMID- 9949195
TI  - Protein glycosylation mutants of procyclic Trypanosoma brucei: defects in the
      asparagine-glycosylation pathway.
AB  - We employed a genetic approach to study protein glycosylation in the procyclic
      form of the parasite Trypanosoma brucei. Two different mutant parasites, ConA 1-1
      and ConA 4-1, were isolated from mutagenized cultures by selecting cells which
      resisted killing or agglutination by concanavalin A. Both mutant cells show
      reduced concanavalin A binding. However, the mutants have different phenotypes,
      as indicated by the fact that ConA 1-1 binds to wheat germ agglutinin but ConA 4
      1 and wild type do not. A blot probed with concanavalin A revealed that many
      proteins in both mutants lost the ability to bind this lectin, and the blots
      resembled one of wild type membrane proteins treated with PNGase F. This finding
      suggested that the mutants had altered asparagine-linked glycosylation. This
      conclusion was confirmed by studies on a flagellar protein (Fla1) and procyclic
      acidic repetitive protein (PARP). Structural analysis indicated that the N-
      glycan of wild type PARP is exclusively Man5GlcNAc2 whereas that in both mutants
      is predominantly a hybrid type with a terminal N- acetyllactosamine. The
      occupancy of the PARP glycosylation site in ConA 4-1 was much lower than that in
      ConA 1-1. These mutants will be useful for studying trypanosome glycosylation
      mechanisms and function.

PMID- 9949196
TI  - Expression of human alpha-l-fucosyltransferase gene homologs in monkey kidney COS
      cells and modification of potential fucosyltransferase acceptor substrates by an
      endogenous glycosidase.
AB  - Previous investigations on the monkey kidney COS cell line demonstrated the weak
      expression of fucosylated cell surface antigens and presence of endogenous
      fucosyltransferase activities in cell extracts. RT-PCR analyses have now revealed
      expression of five homologs of human fucosyltransferase genes, FUT1, FUT4, FUT5,
      FUT7, and FUT8, in COS cell mRNA. The enzyme in COS cell extracts acting on
      unsialylated Type 2 structures is closely similar in its properties to the
      alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase encoded by human FUT4 gene and does not resemble the
      product of the FUT5 gene. Although FUT1 is expressed in the COS cell mRNA, it has
      not been possible to demonstrate alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase activity in cell
      extracts but the presence of Le(y) and blood-group A antigenic determinants on
      the cell surface imply the formation of H-precursor structures at some stage. The
      most strongly expressed fucosyltransferase in the COS cells is the alpha1,6
      enzyme transferring fucose to the innermost N -acetylglucosamine unit in N 
      glycan chains; this enzyme is similar in its properties to the product of the
      human FUT8 gene. The enzymes resembling the human FUT4 and FUT8 gene products
      both had pH optima of 7.0 and were resistant to 10 mM NEM. The incorporation of
      fucose into asialo-fetuin was optimal at 5.5 and was inhibited by 10 mM NEM. This
      result initially suggested the presence of a third fucosyltransferase expressed
      in the COS cells but we have now shown that triantennary N- glycans with terminal
      nonreducing galactose units, similar to those present in asialo-fetuin, are
      modified by a weak endogenous beta-galactosidase in the COS cell extracts and
      thereby rendered suitable substrates for the alpha1,6-fucosyltransferase.

PMID- 9949197
TI  - Distribution of emerin and lamins in the heart and implications for Emery
      Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Emerin is a nuclear membrane protein which is missing or defective in Emery
      Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). It is one member of a family of lamina
      associated proteins which includes LAP1, LAP2 and lamin B receptor (LBR). A panel
      of 16 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been mapped to six specific sites
      throughout the emerin molecule using phage-displayed peptide libraries and has
      been used to localize emerin in human and rabbit heart. Several mAbs against
      different emerin epitopes did not recognize intercalated discs in the heart,
      though they recognized cardiomyocyte nuclei strongly, both at the rim and in
      intranuclear spots or channels. A polyclonal rabbit antiserum against emerin did
      recognize both nuclear membrane and intercalated discs but, after affinity
      purification against a pure-emerin band on a western blot, it stained only the
      nuclear membrane. These results would not be expected if immunostaining at
      intercalated discs were due to a product of the emerin gene and, therefore, cast
      some doubt upon the hypothesis that cardiac defects in EDMD are caused by absence
      of emerin from intercalated discs. Although emerin was abundant in the membranes
      of cardiomyocyte nuclei, it was absent from many non-myocyte cells in the heart.
      This distribution of emerin was similar to that of lamin A, a candidate gene for
      an autosomal form of EDMD. In contrast, lamin B1 was absent from cardiomyocyte
      nuclei, showing that lamin B1 is not essential for localization of emerin to the
      nuclear lamina. Lamin B1 is also almost completely absent from skeletal muscle
      nuclei. In EDMD, the additional absence of lamin B1 from heart and skeletal
      muscle nuclei which already lack emerin may offer an alternative explanation of
      why these tissues are particularly affected.

PMID- 9949198
TI  - Truncated CBP protein leads to classical Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome phenotypes in
      mice: implications for a dominant-negative mechanism.
AB  - A mouse model of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) was generated by an insertional
      mutation into the cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding
      protein (CBP) gene. Heterozygous CBP-deficient mice, which had truncated CBP
      protein (residues 1-1084) containing the CREB-binding domain (residues 462-661),
      showed clinical features of RTS, such as growth retardation (100%), retarded
      osseous maturation (100%), hypoplastic maxilla with narrow palate (100%), cardiac
      anomalies (15%) and skeletal abnormalities (7%). Truncated CBP is considered to
      have been acting during development as a dominant-negative inhibitor to lead to
      the phenotypes of RTS in mice. Our studies with step-through-type passive
      avoidance tests and with fear conditioning test showed that mice were deficient
      in long-term memory (LTM). In contrast, short-term memory (STM) appeared to be
      normal. These results implicate a crucial role for CBP in mammalian LTM. Our CBP
      +/- mice would be an excellent model for the study of the role of CBP in
      development and memory storage mechanisms.

PMID- 9949199
TI  - Intranuclear inclusions and neuritic aggregates in transgenic mice expressing a
      mutant N-terminal fragment of huntingtin.
AB  - Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited, neurodegenerative disorder caused by
      the expansion of a glutamine repeat in the N-terminus of the huntingtin protein.
      To gain insight into the pathogenesis of HD, we generated transgenic mice that
      express a cDNA encoding an N-terminal fragment (171 amino acids) of huntingtin
      with 82, 44 or 18 glutamines. Mice expressing relatively low steady-state levels
      of N171 huntingtin with 82 glutamine repeats (N171-82Q) develop behavioral
      abnormalities, including loss of coordination, tremors, hypokinesis and abnormal
      gait, before dying prematurely. In mice exhibiting these abnormalities, diffuse
      nuclear labeling, intranuclear inclusions and neuritic aggregates, all
      immunoreactive with an antibody to the N-terminus (amino acids 1-17) of
      huntingtin (AP194), were found in multiple populations of neurons. None of these
      behavioral or pathological phenotypes were seen in mice expressing N171-18Q.
      These findings are consistent with the idea that N-terminal fragments of
      huntingtin with a repeat expansion are toxic to neurons, and that N-terminal
      fragments are prone to form both intranuclear inclusions and neuritic aggregates.

PMID- 9949200
TI  - An alpha-tectorin gene defect causes a newly identified autosomal recessive form
      of sensorineural pre-lingual non-syndromic deafness, DFNB21.
AB  - In our efforts to identify new loci responsible for non-syndromic autosomal
      recessive forms of deafness, DFNB loci, we have pursued the analysis of large
      consanguineous affected families living in geographically isolated areas. Here,
      we report on the study of a Lebanese family comprising nine members presenting
      with a pre-lingual severe to profound sensorineural isolated form of deafness.
      Linkage analysis led to the characterization of a new locus, DFNB21, which was
      assigned to chromosome 11q23-25. Already mapped to this chromosomal region was
      TECTA. This gene encodes alpha-tectorin, a 2155 amino acid protein which is a
      component of the tectorial membrane. This gene recently has been shown to be
      responsible for a dominant form of deafness, DFNA8/12. Sequence analysis of the
      TECTA gene in the DFNB21-affected family revealed a G to A transition in the
      donor splice site (GT) of intron 9, predicted to lead to a truncated protein of
      971 amino acids. This establishes that alpha-tectorin mutations can be
      responsible for both dominant and recessive forms of deafness. Comparison of the
      phenotype of the DFNB21 heterozygous carriers with that of DFNA8/12-affected
      individuals supports the hypothesis that the TECTA mutations which cause the
      dominant form of deafness have a dominant-negative effect. The present results
      provide genetic evidence for alpha-tectorin forming homo- or heteromeric
      structures.

PMID- 9949201
TI  - The Friedreich's ataxia mutation confers cellular sensitivity to oxidant stress
      which is rescued by chelators of iron and calcium and inhibitors of apoptosis.
AB  - Expansions of an intronic GAA repeat reduce the expression of frataxin and cause
      Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease.
      Frataxin is a mitochondrial protein, and disruption of a frataxin homolog in
      yeast results in increased sensitivity to oxidant stress, increased mitochondrial
      iron and respiration deficiency. These previous data support the hypothesis that
      FRDA is a disease of mitochondrial oxidative stress, a hypothesis we have tested
      in cultured cells from FRDA patients. FRDA fibroblasts were hypersensitive to
      iron stress and significantly more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide than controls.
      The iron chelator deferoxamine rescued FRDA fibroblasts more than controls from
      oxidant-induced death, consistent with a role for iron in the differential
      kinetics of death; however, mean mitochondrial iron content in FRDA fibroblasts
      was increased by only 40%. Treatment of cells with the intracellular Ca2+chelator
      BAPTA-AM rescued both FRDA fibroblasts and controls from oxidant-induced death.
      Treatment with apoptosis inhibitors rescued FRDA but not control fibroblasts from
      oxidant stress, and staurosporine-induced caspase 3 activity was higher in FRDA
      fibroblasts, consistent with the possibility that an apoptotic step upstream of
      caspase 3 is activated in FRDA fibroblasts. These results demonstrate that FRDA
      fibroblasts are sensitive to oxidant stress, and may be a useful model in which
      to elucidate the FRDA mechanism and therapeutic strategies.

PMID- 9949202
TI  - Allele-specific late replication and fragility of the most active common fragile
      site, FRA3B.
AB  - FRA3B at 3p14.2 is the most active of the common fragile sites in the human
      genome and is expressed when cells are exposed to the DNA replication inhibitor,
      aphidicolin. Several lines of evidence suggest that fragile sites are regions of
      late replication. To elucidate the relationship between the timing of replication
      across the FRA3B region and its corresponding fragility, we labeled cells with 5
      bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and adopted an immunofluorescent procedure to
      visualize late replicating DNA (BrdU-substituted DNA) in metaphase chromosomes.
      We also chose 21 markers along the FRA3B region and analyzed the timing of
      replication using BrdU-labeled DNA from different stages of the cell cycle sorted
      by flow cytometry. Our results show that there are two distinct alleles that
      replicate at different stages in the cell cycle and that breaks/gaps
      preferentially occurred on the chromosome 3 with the late replication allele.
      These results provide direct evidence that allele-specific late replication is
      involved in the fragility of the most active common fragile site, FRA3B.

PMID- 9949203
TI  - Human cochlear expressed sequence tags provide insight into cochlear gene
      expression and identify candidate genes for deafness.
AB  - To identify candidate genes for human hearing disorders and to understand better
      human hearing at the molecular level, we constructed a human cochlear cDNA
      library. An aliquot of the unsubtracted cochlear library was contributed to the
      IMAGE Consortium at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for the generation of
      expressed sequence tags (ESTs) by the Merck/WashU EST project. Over 4000 ESTs
      were developed from the cochlear cDNA library and deposited in the GenBank EST
      database. Sequence clustering shows that the majority of clones are in low copy
      numbers, demonstrating the high complexity of the library. The sequences of 1388
      cochlear ESTs (33%) match 517 known human genes. Among these are genes previously
      shown to cause both syndromic and non-syndromic hearing loss. A number of the
      cochlear ESTs show high homology to non-human genes, suggesting new gene family
      members or human homologs of animal genes. We also report the chromosomal map
      positions of 437 cochlear ESTs. These provide positional candidate genes for 18
      different non-syndromic hearing disorders. A Human Cochlear EST Database web site
      (http://www.bwh.partners. org/pathology ) has been created to provide access to
      the cochlear clone data for gene discovery investigations.

PMID- 9949204
TI  - Single sperm analysis of the CAG repeats in the gene for dentatorubral
      pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA): the instability of the CAG repeats in the DRPLA
      gene is prominent among the CAG repeat diseases.
AB  - Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is known to show the most prominent
      genetic anticipation among CAG repeat diseases. To investigate the mechanism
      underlying the meiotic instability of expanded CAG repeats in the gene for DRPLA,
      we determined the CAG repeat sizes of 427 single sperm from two individuals with
      DRPLA. The mean variance of the change in the CAG repeat size in sperm from the
      DRPLA patients (288.0) was larger than any variances of the CAG repeat size in
      sperm from patients with Machado-Joseph disease (38. 5), Huntington's disease
      (69.0) and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (16.3), which is consistent with
      the clinical observation that the genetic anticipation on the paternal
      transmission of DRPLA is the most prominent among CAG repeat diseases. The
      variance of the change in CAG repeat size was significantly different between the
      two DRPLA patients (F-test, P < 0.0001). However, the segregation ratio of single
      sperm with an expanded allele to ones with a normal allele is not statistically
      different ( P = 0.161) from the expected 1:1 segregation ratio, and thus
      segregation distortion of expanded alleles in meiosis in male patients with DRPLA
      was not demonstrated.

PMID- 9949205
TI  - Methylation profiling of CpG islands in human breast cancer cells.
AB  - CpG island hypermethylation is known to be associated with gene silencing in
      cancer. This epigenetic event is generally accepted as a stochastic process in
      tumor cells resulting from aberrant DNA methyltransferase (DNA-MTase) activities.
      Specific patterns of CpG island methylation could result from clonal selection of
      cells having growth advantages due to silencing of associated tumor suppressor
      genes. Alternatively, methylation patterns may be determined by other, as yet
      unidentified factors. To explore further the underlying mechanisms, we developed
      a novel array-based method, called differential methylation hybridization (DMH),
      which allows a genome-wide screening of hypermethylated CpG islands in tumor
      cells. DMH was used to determine the methylation status of >276 CpG island loci
      in a group of breast cancer cell lines. Between 5 and 14% of these loci were
      hypermethylated extensively in these cells relative to a normal control. Pattern
      analysis of 30 positive loci by Southern hybridization indicated that CpG islands
      might differ in their susceptibility to hypermethylation. Loci exhibiting pre
      existing methylation in normal controls were more susceptible to de novo
      methylation in these cancer cells than loci without this condition. In addition,
      these cell lines exhibited different intrinsic abilities to methylate CpG islands
      not directly associated with methyltransferase activities. Our study provides
      evidence that, aside from random DNA-MTase action, additional cellular factors
      exist that govern aberrant methylation in breast cancer cells.

PMID- 9949206
TI  - Dystonia associated with mutation of the neuronal sodium channel Scn8a and
      identification of the modifier locus Scnm1 on mouse chromosome 3.
AB  - The mouse mutant medJ contains a splice site mutation in the neuronal sodium
      channel Scn8a that results in a very low level of expression. On a C57BL/6J
      genetic background, medJ homozygotes exhibit progressive paralysis and juvenile
      lethality. The C3H genetic background has an ameliorating effect, producing
      viable adults with a novel dystonic phenotype. The dystonic mice exhibit movement
      induced, sustained abnormal postures of the trunk and limbs. A dominant modifier
      locus responsible for the difference between strains was mapped to a 4.5 +/- 1.3
      cM interval on mouse chromosome 3. Our findings establish a role for ion channels
      in dystonia and demonstrate the impact of genetic background on its severity and
      progression. This new model suggests that SCN8A on chromosome 12q13 and SCNM1 on
      chromosome 1p21-1q21 may contribute to human inherited dystonia.

PMID- 9949207
TI  - Characterization of the expression of DMPK and SIX5 in the human eye and
      implications for pathogenesis in myotonic dystrophy.
AB  - The pathogenic mechanisms underlying myotonic dystrophy (DM), which results from
      a (CTG) n repeat expansion mutation in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the
      myotonic dystrophy protein kinase gene ( DMPK ), remain obscure. The
      multisystemic nature and variable expressivity of the symptoms are unlikely to be
      explained by a defect in this gene alone. However, the location of the DM
      associated (CTG) n repeat in the promoter region of SIX5, immediately downstream
      of DMPK, implicates it as a second candidate with a pathological role in DM. We
      hypothesize that dysfunction of SIX5, which is homologous to the Drosophila eye
      development gene sine oculis ( so ), is primarily responsible for the ophthalmic
      features of DM. We report an expression pattern for SIX5 in the normal adult eye
      that matches the sites of the ocular pathology in DM. SIX5 transcripts were
      detected in the adult corneal epithelium and endothelium, lens epithelium,
      ciliary body epithelia, cellular layers of the retina and the sclera. SIX5
      expression was not detected in fetal eyes. We also report a restricted but
      partially overlapping expression pattern for DMPK transcripts and DMPK protein in
      normal fetal and adult eyes. DMPK transcripts were detected in fetal eyes and in
      adult conjunctival and corneal epithelia, uvea, cellular layers of the retina,
      optic nerve and in the sclera. DMPK protein was detected in the adult retina,
      conjunctival and ciliary body epithelia and in the smooth muscle of the ciliary
      body, pupillary sphincter and uveal blood vessels. We propose that the expression
      patterns of these two genes indicate their relative contribution to the
      ophthalmological dysfunction seen in DM. Furthermore, the expression of SIX5 and
      not DMPK in the adult lens implicates a role for SIX5 dysfunction in the
      development of adult onset cataracts, the most frequently occurring eye phenotype
      in DM.

PMID- 9949208
TI  - Circular dystrophin RNAs consisting of exons that were skipped by alternative
      splicing.
AB  - Exon skipping by alternative splicing and circular RNA formation are proposed to
      be interrelated events. Since multiple patterns of alternative splicing have been
      demonstrated in both the 5' and 3' regions of the dystrophin gene, the dystrophin
      transcript in skeletal muscle cells provides a model system in which this idea is
      tested. Nine circular RNAs that were expected to result from known exon skipping
      patterns in the 5' region of this gene were in fact identified, but three other
      circular RNAs expected to result from other known exon skipping reactions in this
      region could not be detected. The identification of two unexpected circular RNAs
      led to the discovery of two novel alternative splicing reactions. One circular
      RNA originating in the 3' region of the gene was identified but it lacked one
      small sized exon compared with the expected exon structure. Circular RNAs from
      the 5' region of the dystrophin gene could not be detected in Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy patients who have deletions of one or more exons in this segment of the
      gene, even though alternative splicing products were identified. These results
      showed that circular RNA formation is not necessarily linked to exon skipping and
      suggest that an undetermined factor regulates circular RNA formation.

PMID- 9949209
TI  - Genetic mapping of the copper toxicosis locus in Bedlington terriers to dog
      chromosome 10, in a region syntenic to human chromosome region 2p13-p16.
AB  - Abnormal hepatic copper accumulation is recognized as an inherited disorder in
      man, mouse, rat and dog. The major cause of hepatic copper accumulation in man is
      a dysfunctional ATP7B gene, causing Wilson disease (WD). Mutations in the ATP7B
      genes have also been demonstrated in mouse and rat. The ATP7B gene has been
      excluded in the much rarer human copper overload disease non-Indian childhood
      cirrhosis, indicating genetic heterogeneity. By investigating the common
      autosomal recessive copper toxicosis (CT) in Bedlington terriers, we have
      identified a new locus involved in progressive liver disease. We examined whether
      the WD gene ATP7B was also causative for CT by investigating the chromosomal co
      localization of ATP7B and C04107, using fluorescence in situ hybridization
      (FISH). C04107 is an anonymous microsatellite marker closely linked to CT.
      However, BAC clones containing ATP7B and C04107 mapped to the canine chromosome
      regions CFA22q11 and CFA10q26, respectively, demonstrating that WD cannot be
      homologous to CT. The copper transport genes CTR1 and CTR2 were also excluded as
      candidate genes for CT since they both mapped to canine chromosome region
      CFA11q22. 2-22.5. A transcribed sequence identified from the C04107-containing
      BAC was found to be homologous to a gene expressed from human chromosome 2p13
      p16, a region devoid of any positional candidate genes.

PMID- 9949210
TI  - Germinal and somatic mutations in the PKD2 gene of renal cysts in autosomal
      dominant polycystic kidney disease.
AB  - Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations in
      one of three genes: PKD1 on chromosome 16 accounts for approximately 85% of cases
      whereas PKD2 on chromosome 4 accounts for approximately 15%. Mutations in the
      PKD3 gene are rare. All patients present with similar clinical phenotypes, and
      the cardinal symptom is the formation of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys.
      Previous work has provided data supporting the notion that cysts in ADPKD1 are
      focal in nature and form after loss of function of polycystin 1. This became
      evident by demonstrating that the normal PKD1 allele was inactivated somatically
      by loss of heterozygosity or by mutagenesis in a subset of renal or liver cysts
      examined. We show in this report, for the first time, multiple novel somatic
      mutations within the PKD2 gene of epithelial cells, in both kidneys of an ADPKD2
      patient. From a total of 21 cysts examined, seven (33%) had the same C insertion
      within the inherited wild-type allele. In two other cysts, a nonsense mutation
      and a splice site AG deletion had occurred in a PKD2 allele that could not be
      identified as the inherited wild-type or mutant. We suggest that the autosomal
      dominant form of ADPKD2 occurs by a cellular recessive mechanism, supporting a
      two-hit model for cyst formation.

PMID- 9949211
TI  - Distinct mutation patterns of breast cancer-associated alleles of the HRAS1
      minisatellite locus.
AB  - DNA sequence analysis of 130 alleles of the HRAS1 minisatellite has demonstrated
      that breast cancer-associated variants arise as a consequence of both replication
      errors and gene conversions. Unlike mutations at other variable number of tandem
      repeats (VNTRs), high-risk variants of the HRAS1 minisatellite do not demonstrate
      positional polarity. Instead, most mutations occur at three hotspots, with
      replication errors confined to one hotspot, gene conversions to a second and a
      mixed pattern of mutation at the third. DNA sequence analysis of 66 low-risk a1
      alleles revealed no evidence for hypermutation. Therefore, while the HRAS1
      minisatellite may serve as a reporter for a broad-based group of mutational
      mechanisms, these results are consistent with a direct pathogenetic contribution
      by high-risk alleles as the biological basis underlying cancer association of
      this VNTR.

PMID- 9949212
TI  - The Batten disease gene product (CLN3p) is a Golgi integral membrane protein.
AB  - Batten disease (juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) is a recessive
      neurodegenerative disorder of childhood. The gene, CLN3, was recently identified
      and found to encode a novel 438 amino acid protein of unknown function. In order
      to gain insight into the function of the Batten disease protein (CLN3p), we
      investigated its subcellular localization. Protein constructs incorporating CLN3p
      fused to the green fluorescence protein or an eight amino acid peptide tag were
      transiently expressed in fibroblasts, HeLa and COS-7 cells. A juxtanuclear,
      asymmetric localization pattern was observed that correlated with the Golgi
      apparatus in all three cell types. However, a proportion of transiently
      transfected cells exhibited a punctate vesicular distribution throughout the
      cytoplasm in addition to or without the Golgi localization. In order to account
      for localization patterns arising from intracellular protein transport disruption
      due to exaggerated overexpression in transiently transfected cells, we isolated a
      stably transfected cell line expressing only one copy of the CLN3 -GFP DNA
      construct. Fluorescence and biochemical analyses using this cell line
      demonstrated that CLN3p is an integral membrane protein that localizes primarily
      in the Golgi apparatus. The functional implications of this finding are
      discussed.

PMID- 9949213
TI  - The ancestral gene for transcribed, low-copy repeats in the Prader-Willi/Angelman
      region encodes a large protein implicated in protein trafficking, which is
      deficient in mice with neuromuscular and spermiogenic abnormalities.
AB  - Transcribed, low-copy repeat elements are associated with the breakpoint regions
      of common deletions in Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. We report here the
      identification of the ancestral gene ( HERC2 ) and a family of duplicated,
      truncated copies that comprise these low-copy repeats. This gene encodes a highly
      conserved giant protein, HERC2, that is distantly related to p532 (HERC1), a
      guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) implicated in vesicular trafficking. The
      mouse genome contains a single Herc2 locus, located in the jdf2 (juvenile
      development and fertility-2) interval of chromosome 7C. We have identified single
      nucleotide splice junction mutations in Herc2 in three independent N-ethyl-N
      nitrosourea-induced jdf2 mutant alleles, each leading to exon skipping with
      premature termination of translation and/or deletion of conserved amino acids.
      Therefore, mutations in Herc2 lead to the neuromuscular secretory vesicle and
      sperm acrosome defects, other developmental abnormalities and juvenile lethality
      of jdf2 mice. Combined, these findings suggest that HERC2 is an important gene
      encoding a GEF involved in protein trafficking and degradation pathways in the
      cell.

PMID- 9949214
TI  - Identification of a human homologue of the sea urchin receptor for egg jelly: a
      polycystic kidney disease-like protein.
AB  - Previous studies have shown sequence similarity between a region of the autosomal
      dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) protein, polycystin-1 and a sea urchin
      sperm glycoprotein involved in fertilization, the receptor for egg jelly (suREJ).
      We have analysed sequence databases for novel genes encoding PKD/REJ-like
      proteins and found a significant region of homology to a large open reading frame
      in genomic sequence from human chromosome 22. Northern analysis showed that this
      is a functional gene [termed the polycystic kidney disease and receptor for egg
      jelly related gene ( PKDREJ )], but unlike polycystin-1, has a very restricted
      expression pattern; the approximately 8 kb transcript was found exclusively in
      testis, coincident with the timing of sperm maturation. The PKDREJ transcript was
      cloned by screening a testis cDNA library and RT-PCR which revealed a 7660 bp
      mRNA terminating with a 900 bp 3'UTR and a polyA tail. Comparison with genomic
      sequence showed that PKDREJ is intronless; sequencing the mouse orthologue
      revealed a similar structure. The predicted human PKDREJ protein has 2253 amino
      acids (calculated molecular mass 255 kDa) and sequence similarity over
      approximately 2000 amino acids with polycystin-1, corresponding to the predicted
      membrane associated region and the area of homology ( approximately 1000 amino
      acids) with the suREJ protein (the REJ module). The suREJ protein binds the
      glycoprotein coat of the egg (egg jelly), triggering the acrosome reaction, which
      transforms the sperm into a fusogenic cell. The sequence similarity and
      expression pattern suggests that PKDREJ is a mammalian equivalent of the suREJ
      protein and therefore may have a central role in human fertilization.

PMID- 9949215
TI  - Editorial: The changing landscape of pediatrics.

PMID- 9949216
TI  - Basement membranes in development.

PMID- 9949217
TI  - Cervical ribs: useful marker of monosomy X in fetal hydrops.
AB  - Cervical ribs were observed in six hydropic fetuses with 45X karyotype. To test
      the usefulness of this observation in the macerated hydropic fetus where
      chromosome culture is problematic, a group of 36 hydropic fetuses was examined.
      Cases were chosen to include fetuses with several karyotypic and pathological
      abnormalities known to be associated with fetal hydrops. Whole-body
      anteroposterior radiographs were evaluated without knowledge of the fetal
      karyotype or pathological findings. Twenty-five fetuses had an abnormal
      karyotype, seven had a normal karyotype and in four culture failed. In the last
      group, the number of X, 21 and 18 chromosomes per nucleus was estimated using
      FISH. Radiographic analysis demonstrated that among the 16 fetuses with 45,X
      karyotype or a single copy of X and female phenotype, 12 had a pair of cervical
      ribs. Three other fetuses had a single cervical rib. Only one fetus had no
      cervical ribs. The last fetus had tubular hypoplasia of the aortic arch and
      persistent mesocolon. Twelve of the sixteen 45,X fetuses had tubular hypoplasia
      of the aortic arch. Seven had other cardiovascular anomalies, five had renal
      anomalies, and five had anomalies of intestinal rotation. Cervical rib appears to
      be more common than other frequently recorded associations of 45,X. It is a
      useful and easily demonstrated mark in the evaluation of the macerated hydropic
      fetus.

PMID- 9949218
TI  - Abnormalities in central nervous system development in osteogenesis imperfecta
      type II.
AB  - Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type II is a perinatally lethal condition resulting
      from mutations in type I collagen genes. In addition to characteristic skeletal
      anomalies, OI type II has recently been shown to be associated with
      neuropathological alterations, specifically perivenous microcalcifications, and
      impaired neuroblast migration. In light of these findings, and because type I
      collagen promotes neuritic maturation both in vitro and in vivo, we sought to
      determine if additional central nervous system (CNS) developmental anomalies
      could be found in previously autopsied OI type II cases, and if specific
      abnormalities correlate with OI subtypes. We retrospectively studied brains of
      nine patients diagnosed with OI. Of these, seven were OI type II: five were OI
      type IIA, one was type IIB, and one was type IIC. One OI type I specimen and one
      OI type III brain were included for comparison, as well as five controls. The IIC
      brain showed hippocampal malrotation, agyria, abnormal neuronal lamination,
      diffuse hemorrhage, and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). The IIB brain had
      white matter gliosis, PVL, and perivascular calcifications, but was normally
      developed. Of the five type IIA brains, two showed migrational defects with
      coexisting PVL and gliosis, two were normally developed with similar white matter
      injuries, and one was grossly normal. These findings support the contention that
      collagen mutations might negatively impact CNS development.

PMID- 9949219
TI  - Correlation of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and pathologic findings in fetal
      anomalies.
AB  - This retrospective study compared the prenatal ultrasound (US) diagnosis with
      autopsy findings in 61 intact fetuses following induced abortion and 36
      fragmented fetuses from dilatation and evacuation (D&E). In intact fetuses,
      complete agreement between US diagnosis and autopsy findings was achieved in
      65.6% of cases in the central nervous system (CNS) and 47.5% in other somatic
      organ systems (SOS). There were major differences between US and autopsy findings
      involving the CNS in 6.5% of cases and SOS in 27.9%. Correlation was better for
      evaluation of renal anomalies (complete agreement in 63.6% of 11 suspected cases,
      2 false-positive and no false-negative cases) than congenital heart disease
      (complete agreement in 27.3% of 11 suspected cases, 5 false-positive and 3 false
      negative cases). In D&E specimens, a prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defect
      (NTD) was confirmed in 90% of cases. However, due to fragmentation of fetal
      parts, the US diagnosis in the CNS could not be confirmed totally (69.4%) or
      partially (2.8%) in fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities (ChA) or multiple
      congenital anomalies (MCA). Nonetheless, the US diagnosis of SOS was confirmed in
      six cases on D&E, including Meckel-Gruber syndrome, cystic hygroma, renal
      agenesis with contralateral renal dysplasia, cardiac defect, fetal hydrops, and
      tracheal atresia. Our results show that a thorough autopsy of an intact fetus
      after abortion is necessary to confirm prenatal diagnosis and allow proper
      management and counseling. The pathologic examination of D&E specimens can
      reliably confirm the US diagnosis of NTD, but it is very limited in identifying
      other fetal anomalies.

PMID- 9949220
TI  - Effects of cocaine on the placenta.
AB  - Adverse perinatal outcomes of gravidas using cocaine is well documented, but the
      effects on the placenta have been difficult to elucidate due to confounding
      factors such as concurrent use of other drugs. This study compares pathologic
      findings of 26 placentas from women who used only cocaine during pregnancy with
      findings from 26 controls. All women were from a similar socioeconomic class and
      were controlled for gestational age and tobacco use. None of the cocaine
      placentas were from women whose toxicology screens were positive for drugs other
      than cocaine. In the 26 cocaine placentas, there was 1 infarct, 3 chronic
      villitis, and 1 segmental fibrosis, with none present in the controls. In the
      control group, there was 1 decidual vasculopathy and 1 thrombus in a maternal
      vessel, but none were in the cocaine placentas. Each group had 1 thrombus in a
      fetal vessel. The study group showed 6 cases of chorioamnionitis and 1 funisitis;
      the control group had 10 and 4 cases, respectively. None of the above or seven
      other features showed a statistically significant difference between the cases
      and controls. Cocaine is a potent vasoconstrictive agent that blocks re-uptake of
      norepinephrine at the adrenergic nerve terminals. Our study suggests that cocaine
      does not cause an increased incidence of any of the 15 clearly recognizable
      placental features examined.

PMID- 9949221
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of erythropoietin and its receptor in the
      developing human brain.
AB  - We have previously shown erythropoietin (Epo) and its receptor (Epo-R) to be
      present in the fetal human central nervous system (CNS), and Epo to be present in
      the spinal fluid of normal preterm and term infants. To investigate the cellular
      specificities and developmental patterns of expression of these polypeptides in
      the human brain-areas that have not been well researched-we designed the
      following study. Human brains ranging in maturity from 5 weeks post-conception to
      adult were preserved at the time of elective abortion, surgical removal (tubal
      pregnancy, or removal for temporal lobe epilepsy), or autopsy.
      Immunohistochemistry was used to localize Epo and Epo-R reactivity in brains of
      different stages of development. Astrocytes, neurons, and microglia were
      identified in sequential tissue sections by specific antibodies. At 5 to 6 weeks
      post-conception, both Epo and Epo-R localized to cells in the periventricular
      germinal zone. At 10 weeks post-conception, Epo immunoreactivity was present
      throughout the cortical wall, with the most intense immunoreactivity present in
      the ventricular and subventricular zones. Epo-R, in contrast, was localized
      primarily to the subventricular zone, with little staining evident in the
      ventricular zone. In late fetal brains, Epo-R reactivity was most prominent in
      astrocytic cells, although modest reactivity was observed in certain neuron
      populations. In contrast, Epo staining localized primarily to neurons in fetal
      brains, although a subpopulation of astrocytes was also immunoreactive. In
      postnatal brains, both astrocyte and neuron populations were immunoreactive with
      antibodies to Epo-R and Epo. From these results it is clear that Epo and its
      receptor are present in the developing human brain as early as 5 weeks post
      conception, and each protein shows a specific distribution that changes with
      development. We speculate that Epo is important in neurodevelopment, and that it
      also plays a role in brain homeostasis later in life, functioning in an autocrine
      or paracrine manner.

PMID- 9949222
TI  - Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of bone in children and adolescents.
AB  - Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) of bone is a rare entity. We have
      examined three lesions that fit standard histopathologic criteria for MPNST of
      soft tissues but that arose in the skeleton of three children aged 6 to 13 years.
      None was affected by neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1). Histologic features typical of
      MPNST included spindle cells with comma-shaped nuclei, tactoid bodies, nuclear
      palisading, hyaline bands, and schwannoma-like and curlicue foci. Epithelioid
      foci were seen in two cases, and heterologous differentiation in one.
      Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for S-100 (1 positive/3 tested),
      vimentin (3/3), glial fibrillary acidic protein (2/3), CD34 (1/1), and CD68
      (1/2). Studies for CD99 (0/3), epithelial membrane antigen (0/3), cytokeratin
      (0/3), CD57 (0/3), and HMB-45 (0/2) were negative. Ultrastructural findings in
      one of two cases examined included interlacing, attenuated cytoplasmic processes,
      microtubules, and rare dense-core granules. We conclude that MPNST may arise as a
      primary bone neoplasm in children without NF1.

PMID- 9949223
TI  - Cerebral mantle thickness: a measurement useful in anatomic diagnosis of fetal
      ventriculomegaly.
AB  - The ultrasonographic diagnosis of cerebral ventriculomegaly carries grave
      implications, in that affected fetuses may suffer abnormal postnatal development
      or therapeutic abortion. It is important for pathologists to corroborate the
      clinical diagnosis, but because diagnostic methodologies and criteria differ so
      radically, this can be problematic. The clinical diagnosis is made primarily by
      serial ultrasound examinations of the cerebral ventricles, spaces that can be
      altered postmortem, particularly when the brain is autolysed or deformed
      artifactually. We therefore sought to learn if examination of tissue, rather than
      spaces, can identify accurately those fetuses diagnosed with cerebral
      ventriculomegaly by prenatal ultrasound. The thickness of the cerebral mantle was
      obtained in 100 control fetuses aged 14 to 26 postmenstrual weeks. Statistical
      analysis revealed significant correlation of cerebral mantle thickness with crown
      rump length, foot length, and head circumference. Twenty fetuses diagnosed with
      ventriculomegaly showed mantle thicknesses that were less than the control mean.
      In a few cases, mantle thickness fell between the mean and -1 SD; in several
      others, thickness was diminished by -1 SD to -2 SD; in one-half of cases, mantle
      thickness was 2 SDs or more below the expected mean. Head circumference was
      within 2 SDs of the control mean in most cases, and increased beyond 2 SDs in
      only two cases. Head circumference is an unreliable indicator of ventriculomegaly
      in the midgestational fetus. By contrast, cerebral mantle thickness is a simple
      and useful way of corroborating ultrasonographic diagnoses at autopsy and may
      also prove useful in clinical settings.

PMID- 9949224
TI  - Unusual case of tracheal agenesis.
AB  - We describe the clinical presentation and pathological features of an unusual
      case of tracheal agenesis. The axial derivatives of the primitive foregut between
      the larynx and stomach were represented by a single structure featuring
      sequential segmentation into regions showing exclusively tracheal or esophageal
      differentiation in a pattern that is not easily classified by existing nosologic
      systems nor explained by the conventional hypothesis of dysontogenesis.

PMID- 9949225
TI  - Seckel-like syndrome in three siblings.
AB  - Seckel syndrome has been described as the prototype of the primordial bird-headed
      type of dwarfism. Since Seckel originally defined the disorder, less than 60
      cases have been reported. In addition to the characteristic craniofacial
      dysmorphism and skeletal defects, abnormalities have been described in the
      cardiovascular, hematopoietic, endocrine, and central nervous systems. This
      pleiotropy has implied genetic heterogeneity and prompted reviews of previously
      reported cases of Seckel syndrome. As a result, the characteristic diagnostic
      features of Seckel syndrome have been highly debated. Although deletions in
      chromosome 2q have been described, to date, no genetic defect has been defined.
      We report three cases of Seckel-like syndrome in siblings from nonconsanguinous
      Caucasian parents. In addition to the typical Seckel phenotypic features, all
      three cases were characterized by severe hydrocephalus. We review the literature
      and propose that there is a spectrum of Seckel conditions that share some common
      key features, but also demonstrate a wide range of phenotypic features.

PMID- 9949227
TI  - ABSTRACTS: abstracts from the interim meeting of the society for pediatric
      pathology, toronto, canada, september 18, 1998 

PMID- 9949226
TI  - Variant EWS-WT1 chimeric product in the desmoplastic small round cell tumor.
AB  - Chromosome translocations found in neoplasms often result in the creation of
      hybrid genes encoding chimeric proteins. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor
      (DSRCT) is a recently described aggressive malignancy associated with a unique
      chromosomal translocation t(11;22)(p13;q12). This translocation has recently been
      characterized, revealing the rearrangement and fusion of the WT1 gene on
      chromosome 11 to the EWS gene on chromosome 22. Fusion of these two genes results
      in the production of a putative oncogenic protein composed of the zinc finger DNA
      binding domains of WT1 linked to the potential transcriptional regulatory domains
      of EWS. The typical chimeric transcript consists of the first 7 exons of EWS and
      the last 3 exons of WT1. We report here the first case of DSRCT with a variant
      EWS-WT1 chimeric product that includes 9 exons of EWS and 3 exons of WT1.

PMID- 9949228
TI  - Tuberous sclerosis.

PMID- 9949230
TI  - [Presinilin 1 gene polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease in Chinese].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To detect the relationship between Presinilin 1(PS1) intronic
      polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease(AD) in Chinese. METHODS: PS1 intronic
      polymorphism was genotyped in 58 early-onset AD cases(EOAD), 65 late-onset AD
      cases (LOAD) and 157 age-matched controls by using PCR methods and RFLP typing.
      Then the association between PS1 polymorphism and AD was analyzed. RESULTS: (1)
      In EOAD cases, the frequency of allele 1 increased and the frequencies of allele
      2 and genotype 2/2 decreased markedly, but in LOAD cases, no differences were
      observed. (2) EOAD was significantly associated with allele 1 (RR=2.29), P<
      0.05), allele 2 (RR=0.44) and genotype 2/2(RR=0.23, P<0.05) of PS1 polymorphism,
      while LOAD showed no association with PS1 polymorphism. (3)PS1 polymorphism was
      associated with AD predominantly in non-ApoE epsilon4, female, early-onset cases.
      CONCLUSION: PS1 polymorphism was only associated with EOAD in Chinese, and this
      may be influenced by age of onset and sex.

PMID- 9949231
TI  - [Linkage studies of a familial spastic paraplegia pedigree from Tibet].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To study the location of disease-related gene in a hereditary spastic
      paraplegia family with autosomal dominant inheritance in Tibet. METHODS: The AD
      HSP family in Tibet was analyzed by linkage studies using 9 highly polymorphic
      microsatellite DNA markers at three chromosomal regions. RESULTS: The maxium Lod-
      Score of D14S264 was 0.5163(theta=0.05); of D14S75, 2. 1072 (theta=0);+D14S69,
      0.2840 (theta=0.10); of D14S266, 0.9311 (theta=0);of D14S66, 0.7991(theta=0);OF
      GABRB3, 0(theta =0.40);of D15S128, 0(theta=0.40); of D2S2255, 0 (theta=0.40);and
      of D2S2347,0(theta=0.40). CONCLUSION: In this Tibetian family, the disease
      related gene is linked to D14S75 locus of SPG3 region.

PMID- 9949232
TI  - [Identification of mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene and exon 5
      novel mutation Y166X(C-->G) in Yunnan].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To identify the mutations of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in
      Yunnan so as to enhance the gene diagnosis of classical phenylketonuria (PKU) in
      that south-western province of China. METHODS: Exons 4,5,6,7,10,11 and 12 of the
      phenylalanine hydroxylase(PAH) were analyzed in 13/14 children affected with
      classical PKU from Yunnan by using PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism
      (PCR-SSCP),PCR-ASO dot blot hybridization,allele specific polymerase chain
      reaction(ASPCR) and PCR-direct sequencing. RESULTS: Five missense mutations, i.e.
      R243Q. (5/26), Y204C(3/28), G247V(1/26),R413P(2/28) and T418P(1/28);three
      nonsense mutations,i.e. Y166X(C-->G)(2/26),W326X(1/28) and Y356X(2/26);and one
      silent mutation(V399V)(2/26) were identified. The nonsense mutation Y166X(C-->G)
      should be a novel mutation as compared with the PAH Mutation Database.
      CONCLUSION: Five kinds of popular PAH gene mutation (R243Q,Y204C,V399V,Y356X and
      R413P) identified in the people of Yunnan are similar to those in the northern
      people, but such characteristic is different from that in the southern people.
      This finding will enhance the efficacy in gene diagnosis of PKU and will be of
      reference value for studies of population and regional difference in the pattern
      of PAH mutation distribution.

PMID- 9949233
TI  - [Inhibition of Bcl-2 expression in HL60 cells by incubation with antisense
      phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To observe whether the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in HL60
      cells could be decreased by incubation with antisense phosphorothioate
      oligodeoxnucleotides (ASPO) at different concentrations
      (5micromol/L,10micromol/L,and 20micromol/L). METHODS: The expressions of Bcl-2
      protein and mRNA in HL60 cells were individually determined by
      immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and RT-PCR. RESULTS: In the presence of ASPO,
      the levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein could be decreased. The inhibitory effect
      appeared in the first 24 hours of incubation and became intense as the
      concentration increased and the time prolonged,but it abated after 72 hours of
      incubation. Inhibition was not noted in the presence of sense phosphorothioate
      oligodeoxynucleotides(SPO). CONCLUSION: The data suggested that ASPO could
      inhibit the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in HL60 cells and the inhibitory
      effect depended on the specific sequences, the concentration and the time of
      incubation, but it could not last very long.

PMID- 9949234
TI  - [Mutations of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene in achondroplasia].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether mutation in the exon 10 of the fibroblast growth
      factor receptor 3(FGFR3) gene in common in Chinese patients with achondroplasia.
      METHODS: Genomic DNA from seven sporadic cases of achondroplasia was studied by
      using PCR-SSCP and restriction enzymes. RESULTS: All patients carried the same
      glycine-to-arginine mutation at codon 380(G380R) of the transmembrane domain of
      FGFR3. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the G380R mutation of FGFR3 is also a
      frequent mutation causing achondroplasia in Chinese. Detecting FGFR 3 gene
      mutation with PCR-SSCP and restriction enzymes analysis is a convenient, rapid
      and reliable molecular diagnostic assay for prenatal and early diagnosis of
      achondroplasia.

PMID- 9949235
TI  - [Long-term follow-up of combined therapy with large-dose zinc sulfate and low
      dose penicillamine in children with hepatolenticular degeneration].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To summarize the long-term effect of combined treatment with large
      dose zinc sulfate and low-dose penicillamine in children with hepatolenticular
      degeneration (HLD). METHODS: The patients who had symptoms were treated with
      large-dose zinc sulfate (100-150mg, <6yr; 150-200mg, 6-8yr; 200-300mg, 9-10yr;
      300mg,>10yr; 3 times a day) in addition to low-dose penicillamine(8-10mg/kg/d) at
      the beginning of treatment. Zinc sulfate alone was given to the presymptomatic
      patients and it was used as maintenance therapy when clinical improvement was
      obtained. 31 children were followed up for 4-11 years. RESULTS: In 3
      presymptomatic patients, no clinical abnormalities were found. Among 28 patients
      with symptoms, 23 patients (82%) had their symptoms and signs subsided or much
      improved, 2 patients(7%) remained unchanged, and 3(11%) died. Blood
      concentrations of copper were persistently lower than normal. Urine copper
      excretion of 24 hours was significantly lower than that before the combined
      therapy in all patients, and it became normal in 5 cases(16%) after 6 months of
      treatment, and in 26 cases(84%) after 1-2 years of treatment. Higher blood
      concentrations of zinc were found in 20 cases(65%), and higher urine zinc
      excretion was noted in 25 cases(81%) once or more times during the therapy.
      CONCLUSION: Combined therapy of large-dose zinc sulfate and low-dose
      penicillamine is an effective, safe and cheap treatment for children with HLD.

PMID- 9949236
TI  - [Pathogenic gene linkage analysis and hemopoietic characteristics in a kindred
      with sideroblastic anemia].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Analysis of pathogenic gene linkage and hemopoietic characteristics in
      a kindred with sideroblastic anemia. METHODS: PCR amplification of the
      microsatellites DXS991,DXS1199 in chromosome Xp11.22 linked gene ALAS2 and of the
      microsatellite DXS1226 in Xp22. 13 linked another irrelevant gene and analysis of
      gene linkage in a kindred with 2 patients and 7 normal persons. The bone marrow
      hemopoietic cells from 2 patients were cultured in condition culture matrix with
      various cytokines added in and the CFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-Meg formations were
      observed at different times. RESULTS: The kindred study revealed that pathogenic
      gene linked with DXS991 and DXS1199 but did not link with DXS1226.Hemopoietic
      cell culture showed that erythroid colonies of the two patients grew more
      vigorously than controls and they could grew in the absence of Epo except in
      common condition matrix. The erythroid colonies withered after a week and were
      smaller than the controls after 13 days. CONCLUSION: The kindred is subject to an
      X-linked sideroblastic anemia(XLSA) with the pathogenic gene ALAS2 involved. In
      XLSA,the function of stem cells is primarily normal before erythropoiesis, then
      the erythroid progenitors become dysplasia.

PMID- 9949237
TI  - [Genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and susceptibility of lung cancer].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the possible association between the polymorphisms of CYP1A1
      and the susceptibility of lung cancer so as to provide clues for genetic markers
      of lung cancer. METHODS: CYP1A1 rare genotypes MspI C and VV were detected with
      the methods of PCR-RFLP and ASA in a case-control study including 59 cases of
      lung cancer, 59 hospital controls and 73 healthy controls. RESULTS: The
      frequencies of rare genotypes C and VV of the lung cancer cases were not
      significantly different from those of the controls, though the frequency of
      C(25.4%) of the lung cancer cases was higher than that (16.5%) of the controls.
      However, in the non-smoking group with genotype(C),the risk of lung cancers was
      2.43-2.91 times greater than that of the controls. Heterozygote B was
      overpresented in healthy controls (61.6%),compared to that of lung cancer
      cases(37.3%), P <0.01,odds ratio 0.37 (95% confidence interval 0.17-0.80).
      CONCLUSION: Genotype C may be one of the susceptibly genetic markers of lung
      cancer in the non-smoking population. The risk of lung cancer can be decreased in
      persons with heterozygote.

PMID- 9949238
TI  - [Detection of insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme
      gene in preeclampsia].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for sensitive, specific and rapid detection of
      the angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) genotypes and to study the relationship
      between the ACE gene polymorphism and preeclampsia. METHODS: Sixty patients with
      preeclampsia and 76 normal pregnant women as controls were investigated. A pair
      of primers, for the intron 16 of ACE gene was designed. A sensitive and specific
      method for detecting the ACE polymorphism of the insertion/deletion was
      established. Determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),a 490bp(I) and
      190bp(D) PCR product was identified,corresponding to the PCR amplification of the
      allele with or without the insertion. RESULTS: The subjects were classified,
      according to the presence or absence of a 287bp insertion in intron 16 of the ACE
      gene, as II, DD, or heterozygotes for deletion/insertion (DI). The frequency of
      allele gene (0.75) and the percentage of the ACE DD genotype (65%) in the
      preeclampsia group were significantly higher as compared with the frequency
      10.308 and the percentage (10.5%) in the control group respectively. CONCLUSION:
      Genotype II of ACE is a marker for reduced risk for preeclampsia and DD is a risk
      gene.

PMID- 9949239
TI  - [A DNA probe suitable for the detection of chromosome 21 copy number in human
      interphase nuclei by fluorescence in situ hybridization].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To prepare DNA probe which can be used to accurately detect chromosome
      21 copy number in human interphase nuclei by fluorescence in situ hybridization
      (FISH). METHODS: A probe was produced by universal primer PCR from YAC clone
      881D2 and characterized by FISH to metaphases and interphase nuclei of peripheral
      lymphocytes from 8 normal individuals and 5 patients suffering from trisomy 21.
      RESULTS: A DNA probe was produced and its characteristics were :(1) Most of the
      probes ranged in size from 350bp to 750bp; (2) The hybridization signals of the
      probes were located near centromere on long arm of human chromosome 21; (3) In
      1524 metaphases scored, about 99.95% of hybridization signals were located on
      chromosome 21; (4) The signals were very bright and recognizable easily in both
      metaphases and interphases nuclei; (5) The expected copy number of chromosome 21
      was detected by FISH with the probe in more than 98.40% of interphase nuclei and
      99.60% of metaphases. CONCLUSION: The DNA probe reported here is suitable for the
      detection of chromosome 21 copy number in interphase nuclei and for the study of
      segregation of chromosome 21 during mitoses of human lymphocytes in culture.

PMID- 9949240
TI  - [Rapid detection of an HPFH deletion by PCR amplification with three primers
      bridging the breakpoint].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To establish a rapid and reliable PCR method for detecting a
      deletional hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) found in Chinese.
      METHODS: Based on some novel DNA sequences across the 3'breakpoint of a HPFH
      deletion observed in our laboratory, we designed a PCR amplification with three
      primers bridging the breakpoint. In this system, oligonucleotide primers have
      been chosen which allow specific identification of both normal and deletional
      chromosomes under identical condition in either the same or parallel PCR
      reactions. RESULTS: The expected two specific amplification bands were produced;
      one was 565bp in length and stood for the normal alleles,the other,37bp in length
      represented the mutant alleles of beta-globin gene cluster. This duplex system
      could directly genotype DNA samples bearing this type of HPFH deletion.
      CONCLUSION: This rapid and inexpensive method could be used as a routine method
      in the molecular screening of carriers and for the prenatal diagnosis of this
      disease.

PMID- 9949241
TI  - [Isolating the ends of yeast artificial chromosome by inverse polymerase chain
      reaction].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To establish a highly efficient method for isolating yeast artificial
      chromosome(YAC) ends. METHODS: Based on the sequence of TAC vector, the frequent
      cutting enzymes were used to cleave within the vector and the genomic insert to
      generate relatively small fragments,which were ligated and subsequently amplified
      using vector primers that are in inverse orientation. The PCR products were
      purified and sequenced. RESULTS 8 YAC termini were isolated from YAC
      776E2,964C5,11D8 and 8D1. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that inverse PCR be an
      efficient method for isolating YAC termini.

PMID- 9949242
TI  - Posttraumatic headache: caveats and controversies.
AB  - Posttraumatic headache (PTHA) although quite common, is still poorly understood
      in many ways. This article will provide opinions, insights, and analysis of some
      of the ongoing controversies and issues in PTHA assessment and treatment. Topics
      germane to nomenclature problems, classification criteria, paradoxes regarding
      headache incidence relative to injury severity, lack of identified medical
      specialty for referral of patients with PTHA, medicolegal issues, PTHA
      perpetuating factors, impairment and disability assessment, and research needs
      are addressed. Recommendations for addressing some of the concerns brought up in
      this commentary will be focused on in the article's concluding comments. These
      caveats and controversies will hopefully serve to familiarize readers with some
      of the inherent difficulties in PTHA management and treatment.

PMID- 9949243
TI  - Epidemiology and pathogenesis of posttraumatic headache.
AB  - This article presents an overview of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of
      posttraumatic headache. It reviews definitions of mild head injury (MHI), mild
      traumatic brain injury (MTBI), and concussion, and discusses the confusion that
      often occurs with these terms. Headache types and their pathophysiology are
      examined in detail. Just as the exact pathophysiology is unknown for migraine and
      other types of headache, the exact pathophysiology of headache after trauma is
      also still unknown in many cases. Possible connections between head or neck
      injuries and headache are reviewed, as well as hypothesized neurochemical changes
      that may occur in both migraine and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Psychological
      and legal factors are also considered.

PMID- 9949244
TI  - Clinical assessment of posttraumatic headaches.
AB  - The evaluation of the person with posttraumatic headache remains a difficult
      clinical task. The rehabilitation clinician seeing the person with posttraumatic
      headache may encounter a large spectrum of potential etiologies for cephalgia. We
      believe an ordered approach to the history, physical, and laboratory examination
      may lead to a more accurate and focused diagnosis in some cases. In an attempt to
      provide a directed approach to posttraumatic headaches, this discussion is
      divided into extracranial and intracranial sources. A brief table guide to the
      etiology of pain by site is presented, and the key eight steps of examination are
      reviewed.

PMID- 9949245
TI  - Medical management of posttraumatic headaches: pharmacological and physical
      treatment.
AB  - Posttraumatic headache can be a very difficult syndrome to manage, especially if
      chronic. As with most other types of headache, medications are the primary
      treatment modality, although there is very limited evidence-based data to support
      any given approach. A number of physical interventions also are available to be
      used in conjunction with medication, particularly for headaches with a
      musculoskeletal component. This article will review the general principles of
      pharmacological treatment for headache and the physical approach to treatment of
      headaches and head and facial pain. The major categories of medications commonly
      used for treatment of many varieties of headache will be discussed. In addition,
      the problems encountered in diagnosing and treating chronic daily headache and
      analgesic rebound headache are addressed. The approach to treatment of such
      syndromes as myofascial pain, cervico-zygapophyseal joint pain, neuritic pain,
      and craniocervical somatic pain are outlined.

PMID- 9949246
TI  - Posttraumatic headache: neuropsychological and psychological effects and
      treatment implications.
AB  - Posttraumatic headache (PTHA) is a frequent occurrence following trauma to the
      head, brain, and/or neck. Estimates of persistence for 6 months are as high as
      44%. Review of available studies examining the effect of headache on
      neuropsychological test findings reveals that chronic headache pain, and chronic
      pain generally, exerts a significant and negative effect that poses a challenge
      to differential diagnostic efforts in the evaluation of mild brain injury. Given
      that PTHA is the most common postconcussive symptom and most frequent type of
      posttraumatic pain associated with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), it follows
      that resolution of the postconcussion syndrome, and successful posttraumatic
      adaptation, may frequently rely on success in coping with PTHA symptomatology.
      Viewing PTHA from a biopsychosocial perspective, a general outline is offered for
      improving both assessment and treatment of PTHA. In addition, the most promising
      psychology-based treatment interventions are reviewed.

PMID- 9949247
TI  - Headache level during neuropsychological testing and test performance in patients
      with chronic posttraumatic headache.
AB  - This study addresses (1) the relationship between headache presence/intensity at
      time of testing and neurocognitive performance, and (2) the probability that
      testing triggers or intensifies pain. Subjects were 125 patients with chronic
      posttraumatic headache (mean = 2.67 years post injury) who completed a 4-hour
      test battery emphasizing memory. Comparisons of 34 individual tests/subtests and
      the five Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) indices of relative memory
      impairment for 73 patients with no headache or mild headache versus 52 patients
      with moderate to severe pain revealed no significant differences. Testing
      intensified existing headaches for 55% but triggered headache for only 1 of 20
      (5%; P =.00003). Results support the validity of neuropsychological test
      performance regardless of pain level, although testing can be painful.

PMID- 9949249
TI  - The Wireless Communications and Public Safety Act of 1998.

PMID- 9949248
TI  - Posttraumatic tension pneumocephalus.
AB  - This case presentation will review tension pneumocephalus as a rare etiology of
      delayed posttraumatic headache (PTHA). It demonstrates that clinicians must be
      aware of even the uncommon causes of PTHA if appropriate diagnostic assessment
      and treatment are to be rendered. The case involves a 26-year-old right-handed
      white male who was 4 years post severe traumatic brain injury with facial
      fractures and an initial Glasgow Coma Scale score of 5. The patient's main
      postinjury functional impairments were cognitive-behavioral dysfunction,
      dysmetria, left hemiparesis, and posttraumatic epilepsy. Approximately 3 years
      post injury, the patient started to have complaints of right unilateral frontal
      headache. This complaint was addressed conservatively by several treating
      physicians. Due to the progressive nature of the patient's complaints, a second
      opinion was obtained with the author. On assessment, the patient complained of
      unilateral right headache and described the pain as making him feel as if his
      head was going to "bust open." A computed tomography (CT) scan showed findings
      consistent with a tension pneumocephalus. The patient was referred to
      neurosurgery, at which time the tension pneumocephalus was evacuated and a dural
      leak, felt to be responsible for the condition, patched. The patient's headache
      complaints resolved postoperatively. Clinicians should be aware of uncommon
      conditions that may be present in patients presenting with late PTHA,
      particularly conditions such as tension pneumocephalus which may have a
      significant clinical morbidity.

PMID- 9949250
TI  - A view from the inside: the diving bell and the butterfly.

PMID- 9949251
TI  - Reliability of the Agitated Behavior Scale.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the interrater
      reliability of the Agitated Behavior Scale. DESIGN: Ratings made by research
      assistants and nursing staff were compared. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Forty-five
      persons with brain injury and 23 persons with progressive dementia were studied
      at an acute rehabilitation unit and a long-term-care facility. RESULTS: Ratings
      of persons with brain injury by research assistants yielded a correlation
      coefficient for the Total score of.920. The correlation coefficients for the
      factors Disinhibition, Aggression, and Lability were.902,.909, and.726,
      respectively. Lower coefficients were obtained when the ratings of the research
      assistants and nursing staff were correlated; these ranged from.364 to.604. The
      ratings by research assistants of long-term-care facility residents yielded
      coefficients ranging from.860 to.906 for the Total and factor scores. CONCLUSION:
      This study shows that the Agitated Behavior Scale is a reliable instrument for
      measuring agitation in persons with traumatic brain injury, as well as with long
      term-care facility residents experiencing dementia.

PMID- 9949252
TI  - Management of spasticity in children: part 1: chemical denervation.

PMID- 9949253
TI  - Health care is too important to all of us to be treated as a commercial
      commodity.

PMID- 9949254
TI  - Ion channels, cell volume, and apoptotic cell death.

PMID- 9949255
TI  - Rat renal expression of mRNA coding for aldose reductase and sorbitol
      dehydrogenase and its osmotic regulation in inner medullary collecting duct
      cells.
AB  - Sorbitol plays an important role in the osmoregulation of several renal cell
      types, especially the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. Very little
      information is available concerning the expression of the enzymes of sorbitol
      metabolism (aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH)) on the RNA
      level under different osmotic conditions. We employed a RT-PCR-based strategy to
      investigate the regulation of mRNA coding for AR and SDH. For AR two primers
      (derived from the sequence of the rat eye lens) were chosen which amplify a 668
      bp product. For SDH (considering the sequence of rat liver) three primers were
      chosen, amplifying a 367- and a 1, 068-bp fragment. Digestion with restriction
      enzymes and sequencing of the products clearly indicate that the specific mRNA of
      AR and SDH was amplified. By relative quantitative determination of the
      amplification products a more than 4-fold increase in mRNA for AR in IMCD cells
      was observed within 24 h after increasing the extracellular osmolarity from 600
      to 900 mosm/l. Decreasing the osmolarity from 600 to 300 mosm/l resulted in a
      reduction in the mRNA level by 70%. The complete adaptation of the AR activity
      needed 3 (increasing osmolarity) and 6 days (decreasing osmolarity). Osmotically
      induced alterations in the levels of mRNA coding for SDH could not be observed.
      These results suggest that the adaptation of sorbitol synthesis occurs by a rapid
      regulation of transcription or stability of specific mRNA. For a complete
      synthesis or degradation of AR 3-6 days are necessary. Thus sorbitol synthesis in
      IMCD is more rapidly adapted to increasing osmolarities than to decreasing
      osmolarities.

PMID- 9949256
TI  - Expression of IGF-I and IGF-II receptors in rat C6 glioma cells as a function of
      the growth phase.
AB  - In the present study, we examined the specific binding of IGF-I and IGF-II to
      their receptors in C6 glioma cells taken during different growth phases in
      culture: phase A, early stage of the exponential growth (48 h after seeding);
      phase B, late stage of the exponential phase (96 h after seeding); phase C,
      confluent phase (at 144 h after seeding); and phase D, stopped at 48 h post
      confluence. Scatchard analysis revealed higher Ka values for the IGF-IR during
      the exponential phases (A and B). The affinity of IGF-I for its receptor during
      the post-confluent phase (D) decreased to about half that at phase A (p < 0.01).
      Although lower at the later phase (D), the number of binding sites of the IGF-IR
      in the different tested growth stages in culture (A, B, and C) was not
      statistically different (p > 0.05). Conversely, the number of binding sites of
      the IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor appeared to increase during time in
      culture. The Ka values of the IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor decreased
      significantly during the culture time, phase D showing the largest decrease (50%)
      as compared with phase A (p < 0.005). These binding data suggest that IGF-I and
      IGF-II receptors are differentially expressed in rat C6 glioma cells in culture
      and are a function of the growth phase.

PMID- 9949257
TI  - Sodium, PMA and calcium play an important role on intracellular pH modulation in
      rat mast cells.
AB  - In a series of experiments aimed to understand the signaling pathways that
      regulate intracellular pH (pHi) in rat mast cells, the effect of different
      intracellular mechanisms on the activity of the Na+/H+ exchanger was studied.
      After promoting an artificial acidification with sodium propionate we determined
      the variations on pHi rate recovery. pHi was measured with the dye 2, 7
      bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester. We studied the
      effect that the inhibition of some cellular exchangers with different drugs
      induced on pHi. When the Na+/H+ exchanger was inhibited in the presence of
      amiloride, the recovery rate constant was twofold smaller than the control value.
      After the recovery, the final pH was lower than the initial value when the cells
      were treated either with amiloride or with 4, 4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'
      disulfonic acid (an anionic antiport inhibitor). No effect was observed when the
      Na+/K+-ATPase or the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger were inhibited. The suppression of
      intracellular and extracellular calcium did not induced any change in pHi. The
      addition of thapsigargin, an activator of capacitative calcium influx, or the
      phorbol esther 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C
      (PKC) activator, increased the activity of the antiporter. Both effects were
      abrogated by inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase with ouabain. The increase in cAMP
      levels did not affect the effect of PMA on pHi recovery, but it blocked the
      effect of thapsigargin. Our results indicate that rat mast cells regulate pHi by
      the combination of some anionic exchanger and the Na+/H+ antiporter. And also
      that the modulation of this exchanger is the consequence of the connection
      between different intracellular mechanisms, Na+/K+-ATPase-PKC-calcium, among
      which cAMP seems not to have a direct role.

PMID- 9949258
TI  - Effect of phenobarbital treatment on characteristics determining susceptibility
      to oxidants of homogenates, mitochondria and microsomes from rat liver.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate the possible oxidative changes associated
      with alterations in cytochrome P450 levels in rat liver. Accordingly, extent of
      peroxidative processes, cytochrome and antioxidant content, capacity to face an
      oxidative stress were determined in liver microsomes, mitochondria, and
      homogenates from normal and phenobarbital (PB)-treated rats. Liver content of
      microsomal and mitochondrial proteins was also determined by the values of the
      activities of marker enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase and cytochrome oxidase,
      respectively) in liver homogenate and in two cellular fractions. The increase in
      the liver content of microsomal and mitochondrial proteins indicated that PB
      caused proliferation of both smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial
      population. Treatment with PB also gave rise to a general increase in
      peroxidative reactions (evaluated measuring malondialdehyde and hydroperoxides
      (HPs)), in the different cell compartments, even though HPs were not found
      significantly increased in mitochondrial fraction. The increase in peroxidative
      processes was associated with significant decreases in antioxidant concentration
      (expressed in terms of equivalent concentration of an antioxidant, such as the
      desferrioxamine), in all preparations from PB-treated rats. The response to
      oxidative stress in vitro (evaluated determining the parameters characterizing
      light emission from preparations stressed with sodium perborate) showed a
      substantial PB-induced increase in the susceptibility to oxidative challenge only
      in liver homogenate. The lack of changes in the mitochondrial preparations is
      likely due to decrease in concentration of both free radical producing species
      and antioxidants. The lack of changes in microsomal fraction is apparently in
      contrast with its lower oxidant capacity and higher content of cytochromes which
      are able to determine sensitivity to pro-oxidants. However, it could be due to
      the ability of cytochrome P450 to interact with the active oxygen species formed
      at its active center.

PMID- 9949259
TI  - Possibilities and shortcomings of maintenance therapy in gastroesophageal reflux
      disease.
AB  - An overview is given of the current possibilities and shortcomings of medical
      therapy in reflux disease. With H2-receptor antagonists and prokinetics, roughly
      60% of the patients can be maintained in remission; with proton pump inhibitors,
      remission can be maintained in approximately 90%. Whether there is a specific
      symptom pattern that benefits from cisapride is insufficiently evaluated. H2
      receptor antagonists insufficiently reduce food-stimulated acid secretion and
      suffer from a degree of tachyphylaxis. Proton pump inhibitors suffer from acid
      rebound and occasionally cannot prevent nocturnal acid breakthrough. In general,
      medical intractability is virtually nonexistent with the current pharmaceutical
      possibilities and is therefore no longer per se an indication for surgery.

PMID- 9949260
TI  - Laparoscopic antireflux surgery--It's a wrap!
AB  - The surgical management of gastroesophageal reflux disease has been simplified by
      the availability of minimally invasive techniques to treat this condition. The
      indications and selection of patients remain the same as for open surgery and
      initial results with laparoscopic antireflux surgery show long-term results equal
      to, or better than open procedure. These procedures are technically demanding
      requiring surgeons skilled in advanced laparoscopy. The evaluation of patients,
      selection of patients for surgery, surgical techniques and anticipated outcomes
      are discussed.

PMID- 9949261
TI  - Left colon substitution with His' angle following total gastrectomy. Surgical
      technique using stapling devices.
AB  - To resolve the disadvantages of jejunal Roux-en-Y reconstruction following total
      gastrectomy, we attempted the use of left colon substitution with all anastomoses
      conducted using mechanical stapling devices. A His' angle was formed to reduce
      regurgitation esophagitis. About 25 cm of the left colon with the ascending
      branch of the left colic artery with an adequate blood supply was brought up to
      the remnant esophagus without tension on the mesentery. The colon graft was
      interposed between the esophagus and duodenum in an isoperistaltic fashion. Three
      anastomoses, esophagocolic, duodenocolic and colocolic, were completed with a
      circular stapling device. An end-to-side esophagocolonostomy was positioned about
      3 cm distal from the blind end of the proximal colon stump. The proximal end of
      the left colon was pexied to the esophagus using 3-4 stitches to make a new His'
      angle. Gastrointestinal continuity was restored by a side-to-end
      colonoduodenostomy and an end-to-end colonocolonostomy. Fifteen gastric cancer
      patients underwent left colon substitution following total gastrectomy. The
      circular staple used for esophagocolonostomy and colonoduodenostomy was 25 mm in
      all patients, and for colonocolonostomy was 29 mm in 9 patients and 33 mm in 6
      patients. No problems were encountered in any steps of the procedure, and faulty
      stapling was avoided. Neither anastomotic leakage nor necrosis of the interposed
      colon segment was seen, nor was late anastomotic stricture, in any patient.
      Barium radiograms of the interposed colon segment showed that the capacity and
      passage of the interposed colon were adequate, and regurgitation did not occur.
      Diet volume was satisfactory and weight loss minimal.

PMID- 9949262
TI  - Glucagon ameliorates pancreatic subcellular redistribution of lysosomal enzyme in
      rats with acute pancreatitis of closed duodenal loop.
AB  - The protective effects of glucagon on the exocrine pancreas were investigated in
      rats with a closed duodenal loop (CDL). A CDL in rats caused marked
      hyperamylasemia, pancreatic edema and pancreatic histological damage such as
      acinar cell vacuolization and interstitial edema. A CDL also caused
      redistribution of the lysosomal enzyme, cathepsin B, from the lysosomal fraction
      to the zymogen fraction as well as the activation of trypsinogen in pancreatic
      tissue. Moreover, a CDL caused a marked motality rate (40% at 48 h). However,
      treatment with glucagon at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg (subcutaneous injection) every 8 h
      (3 times) significantly inhibited these pancreatic injuries, improving the
      survival rate (95% at 48 h). These results indicate the important role of
      lysosomal enzymes in the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis, and also
      suggest the possible usefulness of glucagon in the treatment of clinical
      pancreatitis.

PMID- 9949263
TI  - Duodenal leiomyosarcoma.
AB  - Malignant stromal tumours of the duodenum are rare. The efficacy of surgical
      resection for duodenal leiomyosarcoma was assessed in 5 patients treated over an
      11-year period, probably the largest series treated by a single surgeon. There
      were 3 women and 2 men with an age range of 27-52 years. Tumours were large (8.5
      21 cm diameter) and partly cystic (4 cases). They arose from the second (2),
      third (2) and fourth parts of the duodenum. Resection was a major undertaking and
      comprised either partial duodenectomy (n = 4) or Whipple resection. Two patients
      required a right hemicolectomy in addition. Two patients with positive resection
      margins had adjuvant radiotherapy. Operative time ranged from 4.0 to 6.25 h and
      blood loss from 1.8 to 4.5 litres. Two patients developed complications: a
      transient low-output biliary fistula and an infected haematoma requiring
      percutaneous drainage. The 2 patients with incomplete resection died of recurrent
      disease at 3 and 15 months. The 3 survivors are free of disease at 24, 60 and 66
      months. The results support a policy of aggressive resection despite the
      technical difficulties posed by these large and vascular tumours.

PMID- 9949264
TI  - Management of common bile duct stones by laparoscopic cholecystectomy and
      endoscopic sphincterotomy: pre-, per- or postoperative sphincterotomy?
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment of common
      bile duct stones (CBDS) by endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) and laparoscopic
      cholecystectomy (LC), ES being performed either pre-, per- or postoperatively.
      METHODS: Between January 1990 and June 1997, 386 patients with a median age of 60
      (range 18-92) years were treated for suspected or confirmed CBDS. The CBDS were
      uncomplicated in 264 cases (70%) but associated with a complication in 122 cases
      (30%), namely, cholangitis (69 cases) or acute pancreatitis (53 cases). ES
      combined with LC was carried out in 233 cases (60%): ES was preoperative
      (sequential treatment in two stages) in 197 cases (51%); peroperative in 30 cases
      (7%), or postoperative in 6 cases (2%). Laparoscopic extraction was performed in
      58 cases (15%) and conventional surgery in 82 cases (21%). RESULTS: With respect
      to sequential treatment, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography showed the
      presence of CBDS in 117 cases (60%) and preoperative ES allowed the release of
      the CBDS in 82% of these cases. The complication rate of sequential treatment was
      8% (15 cases) after ES and 7% (13 cases) after LC, with 1 death (0.5%). A
      peroperative ES performed after LC enabled evacuation of the CBDS in 28 cases
      (93%) without any complications or mortality. Postoperative ES was successful in
      100% of cases with residual lithiasis in 16% (1 case) and a complication rate of
      16% (1 case). CONCLUSION: Along with conventional surgery and laparoscopic
      extraction, ES combined with LC represents an effective alternative in the
      management of CBDS. Since it can be performed peroperatively, it allows a one
      stage, minimally invasive treatment of most uncomplicated CBDS.

PMID- 9949265
TI  - Role of chemoembolization in synchronous liver metastases from pancreatic
      endocrine tumours.
AB  - Endocrine tumours of the pancreas, even in case of liver involvement, are
      generally characterized by a slower evolution and a better prognosis, if compared
      with ductal carcinoma. This fact gives reason to a radical surgical approach,
      whenever possible, and to the research of any effective adjuvant treatment. For
      this purpose, hepatic transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been proposed in
      recent years for the treatment of metastatic endocrine tumours. Out of 80
      patients suffering from endocrine tumours of the pancreas, observed between
      January 1985 and December 1996, 28 (35%) presented liver metastases at the time
      of diagnosis. Twelve of these patients were submitted to palliative resection of
      pancreatic tumour and one or more cycles of TACE. Overall survival was 50%
      (6/12); median survival was 35.4 months (range 4-75). These results suggest that
      chemoembolization, combined with surgical resection of primary malignancy,
      appears to be able to control the disease for a certain time and to increase the
      survival rate.

PMID- 9949266
TI  - Diagnostic accuracy in 2,351 patients undergoing appendicectomy for suspected
      acute appendicitis: A retrospective study 1986-1993.
AB  - AIMS: To investigate the pre-operative findings, accuracy, perforation rate and
      complication rate in 2,351 patients who underwent appendicectomy during 1986
      1993. METHOD: The 2,351 records from patients who underwent surgery were analysed
      to determine whether the pre-operative investigations introduced can improve the
      diagnostic accuracy when analysed in total. RESULTS: The total diagnostic
      accuracy which was 70.9% in 1986 increased to a statistically significant figure
      of 87.1% in 1993. In female patients, the figure increased from 61.7 to 82.4% and
      in males from 82.0 to 91.2% during the studied period. The complication rate was
      in total 10.4% including a mortality of 0.21% (5 patients). CONCLUSION: We
      believe that with a combination of increased interest in patients with acute
      appendicitis, a wider use of active in-hospital observation, a more standardised
      pre-operative laboratory investigation and the use of ultrasonography, a high
      diagnostic accuracy could be reached without an increased rate of complications
      and perforations.

PMID- 9949267
TI  - Laparoscopic colorectal surgery: A five-year experience.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and outcome of 300
      laparoscopic colorectal procedures performed within 5 years for both benign and
      malignant disorders. The specific purpose was to identify the impact of the
      learning curve on reducing morbidity and on improving the outcome of laparoscopic
      colorectal surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All cases were divided into 3 groups:
      the first 100, the second 100 and the third 100 procedures were analyzed.
      Statistical analysis was performed by Student's t test and chi2 test. RESULTS:
      The laparoscopic procedure had to be converted to open surgery in 22 cases (mean
      conversion rate 7.3%). Thus, a total of 278 procedures could be performed
      laparoscopically. The mean major complication rate was 8.6%, minor complications
      occurred in 9.7%. The overall morbidity rate was 18.3%. In 44 cases, laparoscopic
      resections were performed for the cure of colorectal malignancy. The mean lymph
      node harvest was 12.8 nodes, no port-site recurrence was documented at a mean
      follow-up of 22 months. Analyzing our 5-year experience, the incidence of
      conversion showed a decline from 8.0% (1st and 2nd 100) to 6.0% in the last 100
      procedures (p > 0.05). The major complication rate was significantly decreased
      from 15 to 6.0% (1st vs. 2nd 100) and was 5.0% in the 3rd group. The minor
      complication rate, overall morbidity rate and laparotomy rate have also been
      reduced (p > 0.05). The duration of surgery was shortened from 251.4 to 213.5 min
      (1st vs. 2nd 100, p < 0.05) and was 196.9 min in the last 100 procedures.
      Postoperative hospital stay was decreased from 16.3 to 14.3 days (1st 100 vs. 2nd
      100, p > 0.05) and could be shortened to 11.2 days (2nd vs. 3rd 100, p < 0.05).
      CONCLUSION: With increasing experience, laparoscopic colorectal surgery can be
      performed with reduced morbidity and improved outcome. To evaluate the role of
      laparoscopic colorectal procedures, particularly for the cure of malignancy,
      prospective randomized trials are necessary.

PMID- 9949268
TI  - Long-term results after 75 anastomoses in the upper extraperitoneal rectum with
      the biofragmentable anastomosis ring.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Anastomoses in the rectum have a higher risk for complications
      compared with other gastrointestinal regions. Stapling devices and sophisticated
      developments in surgical suture materials did not lead to a substantial decrease
      of local complications. The bioabsorbable anastomosis ring (BAR) is a new
      alternative technique for creating gastrointestinal anastomoses. Accordingly, the
      aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the postoperative course and long
      term results of patients after anterior rectum resection using BAR. METHODS: From
      1991 to 1996 75 BAR anastomoses were performed in the upper rectum at the
      Department of Surgery, University Hospital Wurzburg. Thirty-eight patients
      suffered from malignant, 37 from benign disease. Mean age was 61.4 years with no
      relevant differences in the gender. Mean follow-up was 31 months (4-63 months).
      The clinical course was evaluated, a questionnaire completed and/or a 3-monthly
      reevaluation with endoscopy conducted. Mortality, anastomostic bleeding, leakage
      and development of anastomotic stenosis were evaluated. RESULTS: Sixty-seven
      patients could be reexamined. There was no postoperative mortality and no
      anastomotic bleeding. Six patients (8%) developed an anastomotic leakage, of whom
      3 (4%) required reoperation. None of the patients revealed a detectable stenosis
      in the anastomotic region during follow-up. CONCLUSION: The BAR procedure is a
      safe and suitable anastomotic technique after anterior rectum resection.

PMID- 9949269
TI  - Increased risk of wound complications and poor healing following laparotomy in
      HIV-seropositive and AIDS patients.
AB  - The number of individuals in the UK who are HIV seropositive is increasing as is
      their presentation with abdominal complications. Poor wound healing following
      anorectal surgery in HIV-positive patients has been well reported. This study
      reviews the incidence of wound complications following laparotomy. The hospital
      records of all HIV-positive patients who underwent laparotomy at a London
      teaching hospital over a 10-year period were reviewed and compared to an equal
      number of matched non-HIV patients. Between April 1986 and April 1996, 64
      laparotomies were carried out on 53 patients. There was a significantly greater
      incidence of wound complications (chi2 = 12.75, 1 d.f., p = 0.0003) and wound
      breakdown (chi2 = 10.45, 1 d.f., p = 0.012) in the HIV group following laparotomy
      than in the non-HIV control group.

PMID- 9949270
TI  - Glucagonoma syndrome: survival 24 years following diagnosis.
AB  - The symptoms of necrolytic migratory erythema, diabetes, stomatitis, weight loss
      and diarrhoea represent the glucagonoma syndrome which has been recognized since
      the early 1970s. Because of its rarity (1 case/20-200 million population) late
      diagnosis is frequent which leads to a poor prognosis. The case described,
      originally reported in 1974, is the longest survivor to be documented in the
      literature, and is one of the original patients with a glucagonoma that helped to
      define the syndrome.

PMID- 9949271
TI  - Arterial ring encircling the bile duct with coexisting anomalous liver
      irrigation.
AB  - Analysis of the arterial system of the liver in a 64-year-old male cadaver
      revealed an anomaly of the branching of the proper hepatic artery. The right
      branch of the hepatic artery was missing, replaced by two segmental arteries, so
      that a 'trifurcation' occurred, consisting of two segmental arteries, anterior
      segmental and posterior segmental, and the left branch of the hepatic artery.
      These segmental arteries formed an arterial ring around the common hepatic duct,
      completely encircling it. A single cystic artery unusually originated from the
      posterior segmental artery. An extremely rare anatomical variation of the dorsal
      liver segment irrigation proves the fact that anatomical anomalies are usually
      multiple. The arterial blood supply for the dorsal liver segment is through four
      separate vessels ('quadruple type'), two originating from the left branch of the
      hepatic artery and two from the posterior segmental artery. These four arteries
      presented numerous anastomotic bridges among themselves.

PMID- 9949272
TI  - Effective intra-arterial chemotherapy for acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas.
AB  - A 41-year-old man with a huge pancreatic tumor (acinar cell carcinoma) was
      treated by intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU),
      mitomycin C (MMC) and cisplatin (CDDP). The tumor was significantly reduced, and
      he underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy with complete excision of the tumor.
      Unfortunately multiple metastatic liver tumors were noted 5 months after
      resection. These tumors could also be markedly reduced by intra-arterial
      chemotherapy and the survival period was prolonged to 18 months. He suddenly died
      of sepsis but not from the pancreatic carcinoma. This case shows that intra
      arterial infusion chemotherapy with 5-FU, MMC and CDDP can be an effective
      regimen for the treatment of acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas.

PMID- 9949273
TI  - Pseudomyxoma peritonei: Sudden cardiac death complicating post operative
      intraperitoneal treatment with 5-fluorouracil.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Pseudomyxoma peritonei, a tumor which spreads chiefly along
      peritoneal surfaces, has recently been treated by resection followed by
      intraperitoneal infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Reports on the cardiotoxicity
      of this drug, given intravenously, indicate an incidence of 1.4-2.9%. Although
      several deaths have been reported following 5-FU therapy by continuous
      intravenous infusion, none has apparently been reported following bolus
      intravenous injection. METHOD: Radical resection of an extensive pseudomyxoma
      peritonei was performed. Following convalescence, intraperitoneal infusion of 5
      FU was initiated in a daily dose of 20 mg/kg body weight (1,440 mg), planned for
      administration in multiple 5-day cycles. RESULTS: After three uneventful daily
      infusions of 5-FU, the patient suddenly died, apparently of a sudden cardiac
      event. Autopsy provided no explanation for his death. The coronary arteries were
      free of disease and no residual tumor was found. A review of the literature
      reveals no report of a cardiac death from 5-FU following its intraperitoneal
      administration. CONCLUSIONS: The fatality suggests the potential toxicity of 5-
      FU when administered intraperitoneally, a factor to be considered in decisions to
      use this drug intraperitoneally.

PMID- 9949274
TI  - The influence of the maternal heart rate on the uterine artery pulsatility index
      in the pregnant ewe.
AB  - We investigated the influence of the maternal heart rate on the uterine artery
      pulsatility index in pregnant ewes. We used an external pacemaker to alter the
      heart rate of 5 pregnant ewes at 16-17 weeks of pregnancy and examined the effect
      of changes in the maternal heart rate on the uterine artery flow velocity
      waveforms and the pulsatility index, as determined by Doppler velocimetry. The
      uterine artery pulsatility index showed a significant negative correlation with
      the maternal heart rate. There were no significant changes in other hemodynamic
      parameters. The maternal heart rate had a significant influence on the uterine
      artery pulsatility index.

PMID- 9949275
TI  - The complexity of pregnancy anemia in Dar-es-Salaam.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To investigate the main causes of anemia in pregnancy in Dar-es
      Salaam and identify appropriate investigations at all levels of care. MATERIALS:
      All pregnant women booking for antenatal care at 2 clinics (n = 2,235) were
      screened for anemia. Investigations for etiology of anemia were done in all
      anemic women (Hb <10.5 g/dl) (n = 361). METHODS: Blood cell counts, microscopy of
      blood films, S-ferritin, C-reactive protein, HIV, stool parasite and bone marrow
      analysis were performed. RESULTS: Iron deficiency dominated in 86% and malaria in
      1/3 of anemia cases. Since 42% had indication of ongoing inflammation, S-ferritin
      was less useful as indicator of iron deficiency but blood film microscopy
      identified most cases.

PMID- 9949276
TI  - Factors influencing vaginal fetal fibronectin concentrations during pregnancy.
AB  - In order to evaluate factors influencing fetal fibronectin concentrations during
      pregnancy a total of 312 vaginal samples for fetal fibronectin measurements and
      microbiological culture were collected and later included in a stepwise
      regression analysis. Preterm premature rupture of membranes, a modified Bishop
      score >/=6 (p < 0.0001), a low vaginal polymorphonuclear leukocyte count (p < 0.
      002), the presence of Enterococcus faecalis (p < 0.0001), Prevotella species (p <
      0.05), a bacterial vaginosis-associated flora (p < 0. 05), and a non-lactobacilli
      dominated vaginal flora (p < 0.05) were associated with an elevated vaginal fetal
      fibronectin concentration.

PMID- 9949277
TI  - Total fibronectin in maternal plasma as a predictor for preeclampsia.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability of measuring total maternal plasma fibronectin
      in predicting the risk of developing preeclampsia. METHOD: In a cohort of 657
      initially normotensive pregnant nulliparous women blood samples were collected at
      26, 30 and 34 weeks of gestation. After delivery 3 groups were selected for
      measurement of total plasma fibronectin. The first group comprised 24 women who
      developed preeclampsia; the second 21 women who developed gestational
      hypertension, and the third 89 age-matched controls who remained normotensive.
      RESULTS: In women who developed preeclampsia the fibronectin levels were higher
      at 26 (p < 0.01), 30 (p < 0.001) and 34 weeks of gestation (p < 0.001) than in
      pregnant controls. In the general population of pregnant nulliparous women the
      estimated risk of subsequent preeclampsia correlated with the fibronectin level
      at each measurement. In women with fibronectin levels within the 25th percentile
      at the 26th week of gestation, the risk was </=1.9% and within the 90th
      percentile >/=6.2%. The change in fibronectin levels between 26 and 34 weeks of
      gestation was the only variable that remained statistically associated with
      preeclampsia (p = 0.0002) in multivariate analysis. In this model the risk
      figures for the corresponding percentiles were </=1.0 and >/=5.8%, respectively.
      CONCLUSION: Longitudinal assessment of the change in total fibronectin levels
      predicted preeclampsia slightly better than cross-sectional analysis of
      fibronectin at any gestational age. Nevertheless, measurement of total
      fibronectin in maternal plasma could not be proven to be a useful clinical
      predictor for preeclampsia in a general obstetric population of nulliparous
      women.

PMID- 9949278
TI  - Endothelial cell lesion in preeclampsia. Morphofunctional study using umbilical
      endothelial cells.
AB  - Morphofunctional study of umbilical cords from pregnancies complicated by
      preeclampsia shows both activation and lesion of endothelium. The cellular
      findings in umbilical cords from pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia can be
      summarized as: (i) higher number of cells with secretion bladders and increase in
      the number and size of both secretion bladders and microvilli-like protrusions;
      (ii) increase in collagen, fibrin, fibronectin and lipidic vesicles in the vessel
      wall; (iii) vacuolization of endothelial cells; (iv) presence of lipidic vacuoles
      and lipophages in the vessel wall; (v) erosion and disorganisation of the
      endothelium that exposes extracellular proteins to the blood flow. Endothelial
      cell cultures from preeclamptic pregnancies show kinetic disorders and cell
      detachment. The results confirm that an endothelial cell lesion occurs in
      preeclampsia and this cellular disorder can be reproduced in vitro.

PMID- 9949279
TI  - Characterization of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors mediating circular smooth
      muscle contraction in the human umbilical artery.
AB  - The study was performed to characterize pharmacologically the contractile 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors in the circular smooth muscle of the isolated
      human umbilical artery. Effects of agonists and antagonists for different 5-HT
      receptor subtypes were studied in intact endothelium vessel segments. All
      agonists induced concentration-dependent circular smooth muscle contractions. The
      potency was in declining order 5-HT > alpha-methyl-5-HT > sumatriptan >/= 2
      methyl-5-HT. The effects of 5-HT and alpha-methyl-5-HT were antagonized by
      ketanserin, as well as methiothepin. The contractile effect of sumatriptan was
      antagonized by methiothepin but not by ketanserin. The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist,
      MDL 72222, did not affect the contraction by any of the agonists, including 2
      methyl-5-HT. It is concluded that the 5-HT-induced contraction in the circular
      smooth muscle of the human umbilical artery seems to be mediated by a mixed
      population of 5-HT1-like receptors and 5-HT2 receptors.

PMID- 9949280
TI  - Clinical application of intrauterine sonography with high-frequency, real-time
      miniature transducer in gynecologic disorders. Preliminary report.
AB  - Our purpose was to determine whether intrauterine sonography with high-frequency,
      real-time miniature transducer (20 MHz) is useful for the diagnosis of
      gynecologic disorders. The study consisted of 37 women: 8 normal volunteers, 2
      with molar pregnancy, 4 fibromyoma, 4 endometrial polyp, 1 intrauterine adhesion,
      1 septate uterus, 5 atypical hyperplasia, 8 endometrial cancer, and 4 with
      cervical cancer. Comparison of diagnostic efficacy for gynecologic disorders
      between transvaginal and intrauterine sonography was made. The probe was easily
      introduced into the endometrial cavity in all patients. No notable complications
      were encountered. In subjects with a normal uterus, higher resolution for
      endometrial texture was obtained with intrauterine sonography than with
      transvaginal scanning. In patients with molar pregnancy, typical vesicular echoes
      were clearly identified. In patients with fibromyoma, myoma nodules were not
      clearly visualized because of poor attenuation of ultrasound. In subjects with
      endometrial polyp, intrauterine adhesion, and septate uterus, intrauterine
      lesions were clearly identified. In patients with atypical hyperplasia, high
      echogenicity of the endometrium was characterized. Myometrial invasion of the
      endometrial cancer was estimated correctly in 6 of 8 patients (75%). Intrauterine
      sonography could clearly detect early cervical invasion of the cervical cancer in
      all 4 patients, but transvaginal sonography could not do it. Intrauterine
      sonography with a high-frequency, real-time miniature transducer might be a
      useful diagnostic modality in gynecologic disorders, especially in the evaluation
      of early cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and possibly in infertility
      practice.

PMID- 9949282
TI  - Regional localization of immunoreactive c-fos and prolactin in human endometrium
      during the normal menstrual cycle.
AB  - The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cyclic changes and
      regional localization of immunoreactive c-fos and prolactin (PRL) in the human
      endometrium, using immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactive PRL was found in the
      epithelium of 9.1% of the proliferative specimens and in 55.6% of the secretory
      specimens (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). In the endometrial stroma,
      immunoreactive PRL was present in 9.1 and 66.7% of the proliferative and
      secretory samples, respectively (p < 0.01). Immunoreactive c-fos predominated in
      the stroma and was identified in 54.5% of the specimens in the proliferative
      phase, but in only 7.1% of those in the secretory phase (p < 0.05). The
      progesterone/estradiol ratio was lower in the patients expressing immunoreactive
      c-fos (median = 13.1 ng/ml) compared to those who did not (median = 84.5 ng/ml, p
      < 0.05). We conclude that immunoreactive c-fos is found mostly in stromal cells
      during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, and is sharply reduced
      during the secretory phase, when the endometrium is under progesterone
      stimulation - attested by PRL production.

PMID- 9949281
TI  - Glutathione S-transferase in human endometrium: quantitation and interindividual
      variability in isoform content.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The goals of the present study were to determine whether human
      endometrium contains glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), to identify the isoforms
      present (if any) and to assess the causes of any intersubject variability which
      was observed. METHOD: Hysterectomy patients (n = 32, 13 with endometrial
      carcinoma) were examined in the core study. The ability of cytosol from these
      endometria to conjugate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was measured. Additional
      studies with chemical inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies to GSTpi were also
      performed. RESULTS: The pattern of inhibition caused by ethacrynic acid and
      cibacron blue strongly suggests substantial interindividual variability in type
      (alpha and pi dominant) and amount ( approximately 10-fold) of this important
      group of enzymes. Significantly lower GST activity was seen in cancer patients
      who were smokers when compared with all other subjects (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION:
      There are substantial interindividual differences in the GST content of human
      endometrium. Furthermore, lower GST activity in tissues from endometrial
      carcinoma patients with a history of smoking may have contributed to the
      neoplastic transformation of this tissue.

PMID- 9949283
TI  - The role of oxytocin in relation to female sexual arousal.
AB  - Oxytocin is clearly involved in human reproduction and serves an important role
      in sexual arousal. Oxytocin serum levels were measured before and after sexual
      stimulation in 12 healthy women. Values of oxytocin 1 min after orgasm were
      significantly higher (p < 0.05) than baseline levels. This finding supports the
      hypothesis that oxytocin plays a major part in human sexual response both in
      neuroendocrine function and postcoital behavior.

PMID- 9949284
TI  - Recurrence and survival analyses of 1,115 cervical cancer patients treated with
      radical hysterectomy.
AB  - Many clinicopathological factors of cervical cancer are still controversial in
      their prognostic significance. The case records of 1,115 patients who received
      radical hysterectomy at the Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, from 1980 to 1989
      were collected to evaluate prognosis-related factors by univariate and
      multivariate analyses. The pathology was reviewed retrospectively by one
      pathologist. Ten parameters known to be prognostic in the literature were
      included for analysis. Univariate analysis showed that patients with all these
      factors had higher recurrence rates. However, when the effects of parametrial
      invasion, progressive stage and stromal invasion were weighed against the
      presence of lymph node metastasis, their influence on recurrence became
      unimportant. Nevertheless, these factors still influenced prognosis when there
      was no lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis of both recurrence and
      survival time in the patients with squamous cell carcinoma shared a consensus
      that pelvic lymph node metastasis and deep stromal invasion were significant risk
      factors. We conclude that these simplified and consistent results obtained by
      multivariate analysis provide a basis for subclassification of patients to
      predict prognosis and change therapy.

PMID- 9949286
TI  - Intermittent cisplatin therapy for stage-III ovarian cancer patients following
      clinical remission.
AB  - Intermittent cisplatin (CDDP) administration as consolidation therapy for stage
      III ovarian cancer was studied. No patients with residual disease at surgery or
      at second-look operation or patients with <8 U/ml of CA125 after remission
      induction chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. Fifteen subjects received
      intermittent chemotherapy, and 10 control patients did not. CDDP of 20 mg/m2 for
      5 days was administered every 3-4 months for 5 years. A significant increase in 5
      year survival rate was found in the intermittent chemotherapy group when compared
      with the control group. Side effects from the intermittent chemotherapy were
      controllable. Intermittent CDDP therapy seems to be an effective consolidation
      therapy for stage-III ovarian cancer patients.

PMID- 9949285
TI  - Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. Immunohistochemical evidence of low
      proliferative activity and virtual absence of mutation of the p53 tumor
      suppressor gene.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Because the use of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis
      of granulosa cell tumor (GCT) has not been fully explored, routinely processed
      (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded) tissue from 11 GCT, adult type, was
      investigated immunohistochemically (ABC method) with a broad spectrum of
      antibodies against various markers, including p53 and Ki-67. All of the tumors
      exhibited typical morphology, were limited to the ovary (stage I), and 7 cases
      followed a benign clinical course. RESULTS: All the tumors exhibited strong
      expression of vimentin, but most other antigens (including smooth muscle actin)
      were expressed infrequently by a minority of tumor cells or not at all. Tumor
      cells in 9 GCT expressed inhibin A. All the tumors exhibited very low
      proliferative activity, fewer than 10% of the tumor cell nuclei being stained by
      the antibody MIB-1 (Ki-67 antigen). The antibody D07 revealed marked
      overexpression of p53 protein in only one tumor. Clinical outcome was not found
      to be related to immunophenotypic differences. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of GCT
      should be based primarily on the typical morphology revealed by conventional
      stains, but additional immunohistochemical staining with a small panel of
      selected antibodies (for example, against keratin, vimentin, and inhibin A) may
      be helpful in a few cases. The very low proliferative activity and the lack of
      overexpression of p53 protein are consistent with the benign clinical behavior of
      the majority of GCT.

PMID- 9949287
TI  - Endoscopic management of a case of complete septate uterus with unilateral
      pyometra.
AB  - We report a case with an unusual mullerian anomaly: complete uterine septum and
      pyometra in the right hemicavity and pyocolpos along with a longitudinal vaginal
      septum. A patient with recurrent low-grade fever and lower abdominal pain was
      admitted. Pyometra and pyocolpos were detected in the right uterine hemicavity
      and in the right hemivagina. The septa were resected, the cavities were
      irrigated, and the patient was treated with antibiotics. The patient conceived 8
      months later. Patients with abnormal vaginal findings should be approached with
      caution; precise knowledge of urogenital anatomy and urogenital anomalies is
      necessary in the management of these patients.

PMID- 9949288
TI  - Sequential steps in hematogenous metastasis of cancer cells studied by in vivo
      videomicroscopy.
AB  - Understanding metastatic spread of cancer is of upmost importance to developing
      successful strategies to treat this disease. In this review, we present a picture
      of the process of hematogenous metastasis from the initial arrest of cancer
      cells, their extravasation, postextravasation migration, and their replication to
      form tumors, based on experimental results using in vivo videomicroscopy. The
      cancer cells are initially arrested by size constraints within minutes of
      entering the circulation and with little hemodynamic destruction. Within 24-48 h
      >80% of these cancer cells extravasate as single cells by adhesion to and
      spreading along the vessel wall, often using pseudopodial projections to move
      into the surrounding tissue without disrupting the microcirculation. Some of the
      extravasated cells also use pseudopodial projections to migrate to specific
      structures in the tissue where they can replicate. Many cancer cells can persist
      as dormant cells, neither dividing nor undergoing apoptosis. Only a small
      fraction of extravasated cells begin to divide to form micrometastases, and only
      a very small fraction of these micrometastases continue to grow to form tumors.
      Possible clinical implications are that (1) initial arrest and extravasation may
      be difficult to prevent and thus may be poor therapeutic targets; (2) dormant
      single cells will not be affected by conventional cancer therapies which are
      designed to treat actively growing cells; and (3) regulation of growth of cells
      after extravasation is key to determining whether clinically evident metastases
      form - this stage of metastasis thus offers promising targets for new
      antimetastasis drugs.

PMID- 9949289
TI  - Hyaluronidases in tissue invasion.
AB  - Hyaluronidases are broadly distributed enzymes with varying substrate
      specificities, a wide range of pH optima, and different catalytic mechanisms.
      They may be used by organisms to invade one another. Hyaluronidases have also
      been invoked as mechanisms for tumor invasion and metastatic spread. In this
      review, we will concentrate more on the different kinds of hyaluronidases
      involved in tissue invasion other than cancer metastasis, present some of the
      rapidly accumulating new data, and address the paradox that both hyaluronidase as
      well as its hyaluronan substrate are associated with invasion.

PMID- 9949290
TI  - Use of tetracycline as an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase activity secreted
      by human bone-metastasizing cancer cells.
AB  - Bone metastases are a common complication in prostate and breast cancer patients.
      It leads to extensive morbidity and eventually mortality. Matrix
      metalloproteinases are implicated in various steps of development of metastasis,
      through their ability to degrade the extracellular matrix. Increased matrix
      metalloproteinase activity of tumor cells has been associated with a higher
      metastatic potential. Inhibitors of metalloproteinases have been shown to
      effectively reduce or prevent the formation of metastases. The family of
      tetracyclines is able to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase activity through
      chelation of the zinc ion at the active site of the enzyme. Using tumor cell
      lines relevant to bone metastases, i.e. PC-3, MDA-MB-231, Hs696, B16/F1, we
      showed that tetracycline and derivatives of tetracycline, namely doxycycline and
      minocycline, also induced cytotoxicity. The effective concentrations are
      relatively high for plasma, but are clinically achievable in the bone, since
      tetracyclines are osteotropic. All four bone-metastasizing tumor cells produced
      and secreted various matrix metalloproteinases. Doxycycline was able to inhibit
      the activity of 72- and 92-kDa type IV collagenase secreted by bone-metastasizing
      cells by 79-87%. These characteristics could make tetracycline a unique candidate
      as a therapeutic agent to prevent bone metastases in cancer patients with a high
      likelihood for development of bone metastasis. Studies using animal models of
      experimental bone metastasis will be necessary to confirm this.

PMID- 9949293
TI  - Complications of subcutaneous infusion port in the general oncology population.
AB  - Subcutaneous infusion ports (SIPs) represent a valid method for long-term
      chemotherapy. The SIPs have several advantages over other methods of venous
      access: they are easy to implant under local anaesthesia, have less discomfort
      for the patients, allow low costs, can be implanted in day hospital, and can be
      managed ambulatorily. However, SIPs have delayed complications, frequently
      related to clinical conditions of the neoplastic patients, and immediate
      complications, often due to the placement technique. From March 1992 to March
      1997 we placed, under local anaesthesia and under fluoroscopic control, 102 SIPs
      in 99 general oncology patients for long-term chemotherapy (88% solid, 12%
      haematological tumours). The percutaneous venous access devices were in the
      subclavian vein in 96% of the cases and in the internal jugular vein in 4% of
      them. Immediate complications were: 1 haemopneumothorax, which required thoracic
      aspirations and two blood transfusions, 1 loop of the tunneled part of the
      catheter without alterations in SIP function, and 1 left jugular thrombosis in a
      patient with subclavian veins already thrombosed. The venous access was in the
      subclavian vein in the first 2 cases, and it was not necessary to suspend the
      therapeutic program. In the third instance, implanted in jugular vein, it was
      necessary to remove the SIP. Delayed complications were: 1 necrosis of the skin
      over the port, 1 infection of subcutaneous pocket, 2 infections of the system, 1
      catheter deconnection, and 3 catheter ruptures with embolization of the catheter
      tip. The SIPs were removed in all cases but 1 in whom infection was successfully
      treated by appropriate antibiotic therapy. Embolization of the catheter required
      removal from the pulmonary artery under fluoroscopic guidance in the cardiac
      catheterization laboratory. In conclusion, infection and thrombosis are the two
      major complications of SIP in general oncology patients. In these cases it is not
      necessary to remove systematically the system, but a correct therapy (antibiotic,
      fibrinolytic agents) can be utilized with good results. The catheter rupture is
      often due to the wear over the costoclavicular angle. The interventional
      radiology is the method of choice in the treatment of the catheter embolization
      by rupture or dislocation. The experience of the surgical and nursing staff is
      probably the most important factor in decreasing the total rate of complications.

PMID- 9949291
TI  - Modulation of tumor cell motility by plasmin.
AB  - Using a pure chemotactic model, we investigated the effect of plasmin on tumor
      cell motility. In the presence of various extracellular matrix proteins, plasmin
      facilitated motility of human melanoma LOX and lung cancer Lu-99 cells. Laminin
      contributed most to the action of plasmin. The cell motility induced by plasmin
      and laminin was chemokinetic in nature and was almost completely suppressed by
      alpha2-antiplasmin. To further characterize the action of plasmin, various signal
      transduction kinase inhibitors were tried out. The results suggested that plasmin
      may modulate cell motility through protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein
      kinase cascades in cooperation with laminin.

PMID- 9949292
TI  - Detection and clinical correlations of ras gene mutations in human ovarian
      tumors.
AB  - In epithelial ovarian neoplasms K-ras codon 12 gene mutations show a wide
      variation fluctuating between 4-39% in invasive carcinomas and 20-48% in
      borderline malignant tumors. In this study, we showed the pattern of point
      mutations in codon 12 of the K-ras, H-ras and N-ras genes, using polymerase chain
      reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in 74 tissue specimens
      of Greek patients with epithelial ovarian tumors. K-ras and H-ras gene mutations
      were detected in 11/48 (23%) and 3/48 (6%) cases with primary invasive ovarian
      carcinomas, respectively, while N-ras gene mutations were not found. No mutation
      of K-, H- and N-ras genes was detected in 23 ovarian cystadenomas. In 1 out of 3
      borderline ovarian tumors (33%) we found an H-ras gene mutation. The prevalence
      of mutations in K-ras gene was 1/8 (13%) in mucinous, 7/29 (24%) in serous, 1/3
      (33%) in endometrioid and 2/8 (25%) in clear-cell adenocarcinomas and in H-ras
      gene 1/8 (13%) in mucinous and 2/29 (7%) in serous adenocarcinomas. Analysis of
      the results revealed no significant correlation between ras gene mutations and
      clinicopathological parameters or clinical outcome of this primary invasive
      ovarian carcinoma population. Our present data suggest that ras gene mutations in
      invasive ovarian carcinomas occur in 29% of Greek patients and are not associated
      with the differentiation of the epithelial cells or the response of patients to
      adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy.

PMID- 9949294
TI  - Intensified adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil therapy: a
      dose-finding study for ambulatory patients with breast cancer.
AB  - Escalating doses of cyclophosphamide were given every 3 weeks as adjuvant
      treatment for women operated for breast cancer to determine the maximum tolerated
      dose of cyclophosphamide that can be given with constant doses of methotrexate
      (40 mg/m2) and 5-FU (600 mg/m2; CMF) as an outpatient treatment without the
      routine use of granulocyte colony-stimulating growth factor (G-CSF). The dose of
      cyclophosphamide was increased by 250 mg/m2 starting from the dose of 1,000
      mg/m2. Mesna was given to prevent cystitis. The criteria for dose-limiting
      toxicity were grade IV granulocytopenia lasting for longer than 48 h,
      granulocytopenic infection or other grade IV toxicities. G-CSF and ofloxacin were
      used if grade IV granulocytopenia continued for longer than 48 h or if
      granulocytopenic infection occurred. At the dose level of 1,500 mg/m2 (500
      mg/m2/week) 22 (92%) of the 24 patients had grade IV granulocytopenia during the
      6 CMF cycles given, but only 3 (13%) had granulocytopenic fever. G-CSF was used
      in 28% of the cycles at this dose level. Other toxicities included complete
      alopecia (79%), nausea and vomiting. Sixteen (80%) of the premenopausal women
      became postmenopausal. At the dose level of 1,750 mg/m2 all 3 patients treated
      had to be hospitalized after the first cycle due to neutropenic infection (n = 2)
      or intractable vomiting even though prophylactic G-CSF was used. We conclude that
      intravenous CMF with a cyclophosphamide dose of 1,500 mg/m2 given at 3-week
      intervals with the selective use of prophylactic G-CSF is feasible as adjuvant
      treatment for patients with breast cancer.

PMID- 9949295
TI  - Elevation of the pacing threshold: a side effect in a patient with pacemaker
      undergoing therapy with doxorubicin and vincristine.
AB  - A 56-year-old female patient with an IgG plasmocytoma first diagnosed 5 years
      before underwent 3 cycles of chemotherapy according to the VAD scheme. A VVI
      pacemaker had been implanted 3 years earlier. After each cycle, the output of the
      pacemaker had to be increased as the pacing threshold had increased, resulting in
      a slow pulse. This case demonstrates that patients with a pacemaker that undergo
      chemotherapy with cardiotoxic agents must be followed carefully.

PMID- 9949296
TI  - Hemolytic-uremic syndrome during therapy with estramustine phosphate for advanced
      prostatic cancer.
AB  - 3 weeks after commencing treatment with estramustine phosphate, typical
      manifestations of hemolytic-uremic syndrome occurred in a 66-year-old patient
      with prostate cancer. Urinary tract obstructions were excluded and no renal
      damage could be identified. An improvement in renal function was achieved by
      stopping estramustine phosphate and infusing adequate amounts of fluids and
      electrolytes. Anemia and thrombocytopenia also progressively improved after the
      discontinuation of chemotherapy. Nausea and vomiting, hepatotoxicity, impotence,
      reduced libido and hypercalcemia are major side effects of estramustine
      phosphate, and would be difficult to explain our observations without considering
      the role played by estramustine phosphate. Our observations suggest that
      estramustine phosphate might play either a direct role or produce a side effect
      within the context of latent paraneoplastic syndrome. The improvement in renal
      function which occurred when treatment stopped might confirm our hypothesis.

PMID- 9949297
TI  - Rivizor--a new third-generation aromatase inhibitor for the treatment of advanced
      breast cancer after tamoxifen failure.
AB  - Rivizor (vorozole) is a new, highly potent and selective third-generation
      aromatase inhibitor for treatment of advanced breast cancer. In an open-label
      study, 30 postmenopausal women failing tamoxifen therapy received Rivizor 2.5 mg
      once daily until disease progression. Rivizor produced clinical benefit (partial
      response or no change) in 16 of 27 evaluable patients (59.3%). Five patients
      (18.5%) had a partial response (UICC criteria) which lasted for a median of 15
      months (range 14-42.5 months), 11 patients had disease stabilization for a median
      of 14 months (7-24 months), and 11 patients had disease progression. Median time
      to first response was 3.9 months (3-27.5 months): estimated median survival time
      for all patients was 22.8 months (2-52.8 months) and estimated median time to
      disease progression was 10.8 months (1.4-42.4 months). Estradiol levels decreased
      to below limits of detection from 1st month of treatment until study end.
      Androstenedione, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and free
      testosterone levels were unaffected by Rivizor. ACTH stimulation tests
      demonstrated that Rivizor does not interfere with adrenal mineralocorticoid and
      glucocorticoid steroid synthesis. Adverse events were mild-to-moderate. Rivizor
      might be an effective and well-tolerated alternative treatment for postmenopausal
      advanced breast cancer patients following tamoxifen failure.

PMID- 9949298
TI  - nm23 in the primary and metastatic sites of gastric carcinoma. Relation to AFP
      producing carcinoma.
AB  - Tumor metastasis is the major cause of treatment failure and death in cancer
      patients. The present study was designed to extrapolate the association of nm23
      expression with acquisition of metastatic potential of gastric carcinoma with
      special reference to the alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric carcinoma (APGC).
      The primary tumor with surrounding normal mucosa and metastatic lymph nodes of 30
      patients with APGC and 29 randomly selected matched controls of non-AFP gastric
      carcinoma (NAGC) were immunostained for nm23 and an image analyzer system was
      used for quantitative evaluation. Overexpression of nm23 was noted in 71% (42/59)
      of the primary tumors and 18% (10/55) of the metastatic tumors and there was no
      difference between the APGC and NAGC groups. The overexpression of nm23 in the
      primary tumors correlated with tumor invasion, metastasis and progression in all
      cases and similar results were obtained in the APGC and NAGC groups except for
      the tumor stage which was insignificant in the APGC group. The patient survival
      was adversely affected by the overexpression of nm23 in the primary sites and
      downregulation in the metastatic sites in all cases but lost their significance
      in the multivariate analysis. However, nm23 status did not affect patient
      survival in the APGC group.

PMID- 9949299
TI  - Infrequent presence of anti-c-Myc antibodies and absence of c-Myc oncoprotein in
      sera from lung cancer patients.
AB  - To clarify the host immune response and explore a new serological marker of lung
      cancer, we examined serum c-Myc antigens and auto-antibodies against c-Myc in 68
      lung cancer patients and 30 healthy volunteers using bacterially synthesized
      glutathione S-transferase c-Myc fusion proteins and immunoblotting. The detection
      rate of anti-c-Myc antibodies was 13.2% (9/68) in lung cancer patients and 3.3%
      (1/30) in healthy volunteers. These anti-c-Myc antibodies were directed toward
      exon 2 alone (4/68), exon 3 alone (1/68), and both exon 2 and exon 3 (4/68) of c
      Myc. Circulating c-Myc antigen was not detected in any individuals with lung
      cancer and normal controls. Age, sex, performance status, histology, stage,
      smoking history, and prior treatment of the patients with and without anti-c-Myc
      antibodies were not significantly different. The low incidence of anti-c-Myc
      antibodies and c-Myc antigens in peripheral blood suggests that these
      examinations are not useful in the serological diagnosis of lung cancer.

PMID- 9949300
TI  - Expression of DCC protein in colorectal tumors and its relationship to tumor
      progression and metastasis.
AB  - A loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the DCC gene locus was detected in colorectal
      tumors, and this LOH might be related to metastasis. The aim of this study was to
      determine DCC protein expression in colorectal cancer and to evaluate its
      prognostic value. Allelic loss of the DCC locus was observed in 16 of the 23
      patients (66.7%). In all 16 patients with LOH, DCC expression was decreased in
      the cancer tissue compared with the adjacent normal mucosa. All 23 colorectal
      tumors had decreased expression of this protein relative to the adjacent normal
      colonic mucosa in Western blot analysis. The levels of DCC protein were
      significantly lower in cancer tissues than in adenoma tissues. Decreased DCC
      protein expression was also observed by immunohistochemistry in the colorectal
      cancer cases. There were significant correlations between DCC protein expression
      and histologic type, venous invasion, and hematogenous metastasis. Patients with
      DCC-protein-negative tumors had a greater relative risk of recurrence compared
      with those whose tumors were DCC protein-positive. The 5-year survival rate was
      91.0% in patients with DCC-protein-positive tumors, and 58.8% in those with DCC
      protein-negative tumors; these differences between the two groups of patients
      were significant (p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis using the Cox regression
      model, DCC protein expression emerged as an independent prognostic indicator.
      These findings suggested that a decrease in DCC expression may have an important
      role in the progression of colorectal cancers and may be a biologic marker of
      prognostic significance.

PMID- 9949301
TI  - N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase activity and isoenzymes in human gastric
      adenocarcinoma.
AB  - The enhancement of lysosomal beta-hexosaminidase degradative activity in
      different human cancer tissues is fairly well documented. Gastric tumors have
      attracted considerable attention on the basis of their social incidence and
      clinical recurrence. Here we report a comparative study of beta-hexosaminidase
      activity and of its isoenzymes beta-hexosaminidase A (HA) and beta-hexosaminidase
      B (HB) from gastric adenocarcinoma and normal mucosa. Tumor beta-hexosaminidase
      activity from crude extracts and chromatographically resolved HA and HB forms
      were analyzed as regards their physicochemical and enzymatic properties and were
      compared to similar samples obtained from control tissue. The existence of one
      active site in the beta-hexosaminidase enzyme responsible for both N-acetyl-beta
      D-glucosaminidase and N-acetyl-beta-D- galactosaminidase activities was
      determined. Apart from their relative contributions to beta-hexosaminidase
      activities, two major differences appeared in tumor HA and HB forms with respect
      to the corresponding controls: (1) the presence of an atypical heat-stable HB
      isoenzyme in gastric adenocarcinoma, and (2) a significantly increased Vmax of
      the HA form acting on both p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide and p
      nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide substrates. The results show that the
      beta-hexosaminidase HA and HB isoenzymes from gastric adenocarcinoma display
      different patterns of response from the same forms from other human tumors.

PMID- 9949302
TI  - Human small cell lung cancer cells produce brain natriuretic peptide.
AB  - The tumoral production of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was studied using 9
      small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines which were established from patients
      with small cell lung cancer. BNP cDNA fragment was generated from 20 microg total
      RNA which was prepared from the human right cardiac atrium by reverse
      transcription-based polymerase chain reaction. Expression of BNP mRNA was
      detected in 30 microg total cellular RNA from these cell lines by RNase
      protection assays in 5 of 9 SCLC cell lines. Radioimmunoassays using 125I
      radiolabeled human BNP(1-32) and antihuman BNP(1-32) antibody detected
      immunoreactivity in cell pellets from SCLC cell lines which had detectable BNP
      mRNA. BNP immunoreactivity in the cell pellets corresponds with the data from BNP
      mRNA analyses. We conclude that SCLC cells have detectable BNP mRNA by RNase
      protection assay and BNP immunoreactivity in the cells.

PMID- 9949304
TI  - Detection of loss of heterozygosityat microsatellite loci in esophageal squamous
      cell carcinoma.
AB  - Microsatellite alterations at 3 genetic loci (chromosomes 2p, 3p and 17p) were
      analyzed in 25 tumors (20 primary tumors and 5 metastatic lymph nodes) from 20
      patients after surgical treatment for esophageal cancer. DNA samples from tumors
      were compared with control DNA from lymphocytes obtained from the peripheral
      blood of the individual patients. Microsatellite alterations [microsatellite
      instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH)] were detected in 15% of 20
      primary tumors with marker D2S123 (chromosome 2p), 55% with marker D3S1067
      (chromosome 3p) and 50% with marker TP53 (chromosome 17p). The 3-year disease
      free survival rate of the 10 patients who had tumors without alterations or with
      an alteration at only 1 of 3 microsatellite loci was 75% and it was better than
      that of the 10 patients who had tumors with alterations at 2 or 3 microsatellite
      loci (48%, p = 0.049). This finding suggests that esophageal cancer with
      alterations at multiple microsatellite loci might have strong malignant
      potential. However, MSI was only detected in one of 20 patients, which suggests
      that MSI might not play an important role in the development of this cancer.
      Three of 5 metastatic lymph nodes showed no LOH even though primary tumors of
      these patients exhibited LOH with 1 or 2 markers, and 1 metastatic lymph node had
      LOH that was detected with D3S1067 even though the primary tumor of this patient
      had no LOH with all markers. Thus, clonal heterogeneity might exist in esophageal
      squamous-cell carcinomas.

PMID- 9949303
TI  - Ovarian cancer: loss of heterozygosity frequently occurs in the ATM gene, but
      structural alterations do not occur in this gene.
AB  - Ataxia-telangiectasia is a multisystem recessive disease characterized clinically
      by cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasias, immunodeficiency,
      sensitivity to radiomimetic agents and an increased predisposition to cancer.
      This pleiotropic disorder is caused by mutations in the ATM gene, which is
      located at the human chromosomal region 11q23. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at
      11q22-q23 is a frequent event in ovarian cancer, suggesting the presence of a
      tumor suppressor gene in this region. We have found that LOH in the ATM gene
      occurred in 44% of informative cases in a series of 22 primary ovarian tumors.
      LOH of this region occurred at the same frequency during the advanced stages (III
      IV; 3/9, 33%) as in the early stages (I-II; 4/13, 31%) of ovarian cancer. To
      investigate the role of ATM in ovarian cancer, we used a PCR-based single-strand
      conformation polymorphism assay for mutation detection of the entire coding
      sequence of the ATM gene (65 exons) in 22 ovarian tumors. No somatic alterations
      of the ATM gene were found in these ovarian cancer samples including those with
      LOH present in the ATM gene. Our study has identified a region (11q23) which
      probably contains a frequently altered tumor suppressor gene in ovarian cancer,
      and this gene does not appear to involve the coding sequences of the ATM gene.

PMID- 9949305
TI  - Serial transplants of DMBA-induced mammary tumors in Fischer rats as a model
      system for human breast cancer. VI. The role of different forms of tumor
      associated stress for the regulation of pineal melatonin secretion.
AB  - Previous studies on human breast cancer patients showed a decline in circulating
      melatonin levels corresponding to primary tumor growth and an increase when
      relapse occurred. The aim of the current investigation was to study in an
      experimental model possible mechanisms involved. Inbred female F344 Fischer rats
      were used for serial passages derived from a chemically induced mammary
      adenocarcinoma. Animals with slow-growing carcinosarcomas at passage 2 showed a
      significant elevation of nocturnal urinary melatonin (23. 00-07.00 h; +50%, p <
      0.05) and a nominal increase in plasma melatonin (+41%; 02.00-03.00 h). By
      contrast, these parameters were significantly depressed in animals with fast
      growing sarcomas (urinary melatonin: -22%, p < 0.025; plasma melatonin: -56%, p <
      0. 01). At passage 2 nocturnal pineal N-acetylserotonin (02.00-03.00 h) was
      significantly enhanced (+62%, p < 0.05) probably due to an increased activity of
      serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (SNAT, +45%), the rate-limiting step of pineal
      melatonin biosynthesis converting serotonin to N-acetylserotonin. The activation
      of SNAT may be due to a stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (urinary
      noradrenaline; NA: +243%, p < 0.005) when the cellular immune system responded
      towards tumor growth (urinary biopterin, +214%, p < 0.005). At passage 12 SNAT
      and N-acetylserotonin were unaffected but a depletion of plasma tryptophan (-34%,
      p < 0.0001), the precursor amino acid of melatonin, was found. The marginal
      decline in pineal serotonin (-18%, p < 0.05) disputes that the drastic depletion
      in circulating melatonin (-56%, p < 0.01) can be exclusively explained by a
      reduced availability of tryptophan. Therefore, the involvement of an additional
      mechanism has to be postulated, such as a degradation of melatonin via
      indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, an extrahepatic enzyme which has been detected in
      tumor tissue and is related to tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). TDO occurs only
      in the liver, is highly specific for L-tryptophan and is induced by
      glucocorticoids which would account for the observed depletion of plasma
      tryptophan resulting from a tumor-associated activation of the hypothalamo
      pituitary-adrenal axis (urinary corticosterone +208%, p < 0.01). These findings
      present first explanations for the previously observed modulation of melatonin
      levels in cancer patients but also illustrate the high degree of complexity of
      mechanisms involved in the interactions between tumor growth and the
      immunoneuroendocrine system.

PMID- 9949306
TI  - Methods and effectiveness of environmental control.
AB  - In recent years the role of allergen exposure and atopy, and the interaction
      between them in the clinical expression of allergic disease, has been examined in
      a quantitative manner in epidemiologic studies. Such analyses suggest that
      avoidance of exposure to domestic allergens is a critical element in integrated
      strategies for both the prevention and the management of asthma. The promise of
      primary intervention in high-risk infants, as shown in the Isle of White study,
      has been confirmed in a recent study in Japan, and at least 4 similar trials are
      in progress. Applying these principles to the management of symptoms in patients
      with chronic asthma has proved more difficult, and it is likely that many earlier
      studies were poorly designed to test the hypothesis that allergen avoidance was
      clinically useful. Recent studies with patients moved to high altitudes during
      seasonal reductions in mite exposure and randomized controlled interventions in
      houses have all shown improvements in clinical manifestations of asthma. These
      recent trials have also demonstrated something that was less certain-that massive
      reductions in domestic allergen exposure can be achieved and that people will
      adopt the significant changes to their domestic environment and lifestyles if the
      risks and benefits are known. In the future, it seems likely that better study
      designs, as well as improvements in methods to monitor exposure and clinical
      outcomes, will provide further support for the role of allergen avoidance in the
      prevention and management of asthma.

PMID- 9949307
TI  - Molecular mechanisms of CD8+ T cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity:
      implications for allergies, asthma, and autoimmunity.
AB  - Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) is defined as the recruitment of T cells into
      tissues to be activated by antigen-presenting cells to produce cytokines that
      mediate local inflammation. CD8+ T cells are now known to mediate DTH responses
      in allergic contact dermatitis, drug eruptions, asthma, and autoimmune diseases.
      This inflammatory effector capability of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells was previously
      poorly recognized, but there is now considerable evidence that these diseases may
      be mediated by CD8+ DTH. The difference between CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells
      mediating DTH relates to the molecular mechanisms by which antigens are processed
      and presented to the T cells. Antigens external to the cell are phagocytosed and
      processed for presentation on MHC class II molecules (eg, HLA-DR) to CD4+ T
      cells. In contrast, internal cytoplasmic antigens are processed by the endogenous
      pathway for presentation on MHC class I molecules (eg, HLA-A, -B, and -C) to CD8+
      T cells. External allergens can also enter the endogenous pathway to be presented
      to CD8+ T cells. These include many contact sensitizers, chemical and protein
      respiratory allergens, viral antigens, metabolic products of drugs, and
      autoantigens. The resulting CD8+ T-cell response explains the role of CD8+ T-cell
      DTH mechanisms in allergic contact dermatitis, asthma, drug eruptions, and
      autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 9949308
TI  - The gelatin story.

PMID- 9949309
TI  - A murine model of IgE-mediated cow's milk hypersensitivity.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is one of the leading causes of food allergy
      in children. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of CMA has
      been hampered by the lack of suitable animal models. OBJECTIVE: We sought to
      develop a mouse model of IgE-mediated cow's milk hypersensitivity (CMH) that
      mimics the clinical features of immediate CMA in humans. METHODS: Three-week-old
      C3H/HeJ mice were sensitized by intragastric administration of cow's milk (CM)
      plus cholera toxin and boosted 5 times at weekly intervals. RESULTS: CM-specific
      IgE antibody levels were significantly increased at 3 weeks and peaked at 6 weeks
      after the initial feeding. Intragastric challenge with CM at week 6 elicited
      systemic anaphylaxis accompanied by vascular leakage, significantly increased
      plasma histamine, and increased intestinal permeability to casein. Histologic
      examination of intestinal tissue revealed marked vascular congestion, edema, and
      sloughing of enterocytes. The role of IgE in mediating CMH was confirmed by
      abrogation of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions by heat inactivation of
      immune sera. Development of IgE-mediated CMH in this model is likely to be TH2
      cell mediated because in vitro stimulation of spleen cells from mice allergic to
      CM induced significant increases in the levels of IL-4 and IL-5, but not IFN
      gamma. CONCLUSION: This model should provide a useful tool for evaluating the
      immunopathogenic mechanisms involved in CMA and for exploring new therapeutic
      approaches.

PMID- 9949310
TI  - Gene expression of the GATA-3 transcription factor is increased in atopic asthma.
AB  - BACKGROUND: High expression of IL-5 by T cells in the airways of asthmatic
      individuals is believed to play a fundamental role in the eosinophilia associated
      with this disease. Recently, the transcription factor GATA-3 was shown to be
      critical for IL-5 gene expression in TH2 cells in vitro. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was
      to examine the expression of GATA-3 mRNA and its colocalization within the
      airways of asthmatic and nonasthmatic individuals. METHODS: We investigated the
      association between GATA-3 gene expression, airway inflammatory cells, and IL-5
      gene expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchial biopsy specimens
      from atopic asthmatic subjects (n = 10) and normal control subjects (n = 10).
      RESULTS: We report that GATA-3 mRNA expression is significantly increased in the
      airways of asthmatic subjects compared with those of normal control subjects (P
      <.001). Numbers of cells expressing GATA-3 transcripts correlated significantly
      with reduced airway caliber (P <.05) and airways hyperresponsiveness (P <.05) in
      asthmatic subjects. Colocalization studies showed that the majority
      (approximately 60% to 90%) of GATA-3 mRNA+ cells in asthmatic airways were CD3(+)
      T cells, with smaller contributions from major basic protein+ eosinophils and
      tryptase+ mast cells. The density of GATA-3 mRNA+ cells correlated significantly
      with the numbers of cells expressing IL-5 mRNA (P <.001, r = 0.879 for
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; P <. 05, r = 0.721 for biopsy specimens).
      Furthermore, double in situ hybridization demonstrated that approximately 76% of
      GATA-3 mRNA+ cells coexpressed IL-5 mRNA and that 91% of IL-5 mRNA+ cells
      coexpressed GATA-3 mRNA. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide the first
      evidence of increased GATA-3 gene expression in association with IL-5 mRNA+ cells
      in asthmatic airways. These findings support a causal association between
      augmented GATA-3 expression and dysregulated IL-5 expression in atopic asthma.

PMID- 9949311
TI  - The clinical pharmacology of brompheniramine in children.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Brompheniramine has been widely used in the treatment of allergic
      rhinitis and other disorders during the past 4 decades. There are no published
      studies of its clinical pharmacology in children. OBJECTIVES: This study was
      performed to test the hypothesis that brompheniramine would have a prompt onset
      of action and a 24-hour duration of action in children. METHODS: Before
      brompheniramine 4 mg was ingested, and at intervals from 0.5 to 30 hours
      thereafter, blood samples were obtained for quantitation of plasma
      brompheniramine concentrations by means of HPLC. Concurrently, epicutaneous tests
      with histamine phosphate were performed; wheals and flares were traced at 10
      minutes, and the areas were measured by using a computerized digitizing system.
      RESULTS: In 14 children, mean age 9.5 +/- 0.4 years (SEM), the peak
      brompheniramine concentration was 7.7 +/- 0.7 ng/mL, and the time at which peak
      concentrations occurred was 3.2 +/- 0.3 hours. The terminal elimination half-life
      was 12.4 +/- 1.1 hours, and the oral clearance was 20.2 +/- 2.1 mL/min/kg.
      Compared with predose areas, the wheals and flares produced by histamine
      phosphate 1 mg/mL were significantly decreased from 0.5 to 30 hours and from 1 to
      30 hours, respectively (P <.05), with mean maximum inhibition at 12 (52% +/- 9%)
      and 6 hours (72% +/- 10%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In children a single dose
      of brompheniramine produces prompt, long-lasting peripheral H1 -blockade. Revised
      dosage regimens may be needed in this population.

PMID- 9949312
TI  - Evaluation of materials used for bedding encasement: effect of pore size in
      blocking cat and dust mite allergen.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Mattress and pillow encasings are recommended for patients allergic
      to dust mites. Many encasements block allergen and are vapor permeable but do not
      allow free passage of air through the material. Recently, breathable fabrics made
      from tightly woven synthetic fibers or nonwoven synthetics have been recommend as
      encasements. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop a method for
      testing encasement materials made of breathable fabrics. METHODS: Dust samples
      containing a known quantity of allergen (Der f 1, Der p 1, and Fel d 1) were
      pulled across a variety of fabrics using a modified dust trap. Airflow through
      the dust trap was controlled with a vacuum pump. Five minutes after dust was
      introduced, the pump was shut off. A filter located downstream of the fabric
      collected allergen passing through the fabric during the test and was assayed
      with ELISA for the relevant allergen. Fabrics to be tested were obtained from
      manufacturers and specialty catalogs. RESULTS: As the average pore size
      decreases, the airflow through a fabric becomes restricted, and the pressure
      differential created by the vacuum pump increases. Dust mite allergens (Der f 1
      and Der p 1) were blocked below detectable limits by fabrics of less than 10
      microm in pore size. Fabrics with an average pore size of 6 microm or less
      blocked cat allergen (Fel d 1). CONCLUSION: The method we developed provided a
      rigorous and reliable test for leakage of common indoor allergens through
      breathable barrier fabrics. Our results show that tightly woven fabrics and
      nonwoven synthetic fabrics can block common indoor allergens but still allow
      airflow.

PMID- 9949313
TI  - Sputum analysis, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway function in asthma:
      results of a factor analysis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown weak associations among FEV1, bronchial
      hyperresponsiveness (BHR), sputum eosinophils, and sputum eosinophil cationic
      protein (ECP), suggesting that they are nonoverlapping quantities. The
      statistical method of factor analysis enables reduction of many parameters that
      characterize the disease to a few independent factors, with each factor grouping
      associated parameters. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate,
      by using factor analysis, that reversible airway obstruction, BHR, and
      eosinophilic inflammation of the bronchial tree, as assessed by cytologic and
      biochemical analysis of sputum, may be considered separate dimensions that
      characterize chronic bronchial asthma. METHODS: Ninety-nine clinically stable
      patients with a previous diagnosis of asthma underwent spirometry, sputum
      induction, and histamine inhalation tests. RESULTS: Most patients were
      nonobstructed (FEV1, 91% +/- 20%); a low level of bronchial reversibility (FEV1
      increase after beta2 -agonist, 7.8% +/- 9.2%) and BHR (histamine PC20 FEV1
      geometric mean, 0.98 mg/mL) were found. Sputum eosinophil differential count
      (12.4% +/- 17.7%) and sputum ECP (1305 +/- 3072 microg/mL) were in the normal
      range of our laboratory in 38 and 22 patients, respectively. Factor analysis
      selected 3 different factors, explaining 74.8% of variability. Measurements of
      airway function and age loaded on factor I, PC20 FEV1 and beta2 -response loaded
      on factor II, and sputum ECP and eosinophils loaded on factor III. Additional
      post hoc factor analyses provided similar results when the sample was divided
      into 2 subgroups by randomization, presence of airway obstruction, degree of BHR,
      percentage of sputum eosinophils, or concentration of sputum ECP. CONCLUSIONS: We
      conclude that airway function, baseline BHR, and airway inflammation may be
      considered separate dimensions in the description of chronic asthma. Such
      evidence supports the utility of routine measurement of all these dimensions.

PMID- 9949314
TI  - IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA expression in induced sputum of asthmatic subjects: comparison
      with bronchial wash.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The local production of TH2 -type cytokines is thought to orchestrate
      the ongoing eosinophilic inflammation and contribute to the pathophysiologic
      features of allergic asthma. Previous studies investigating cytokine expression
      in asthmatic individuals have used invasive fiberoptic bronchoscopy techniques.
      To date, there have been no reports of cytokine mRNA expression in induced sputum
      as a means of quantifying local inflammatory events. OBJECTIVES: We examined
      whether IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma mRNA expression could be detected in cells from
      induced sputum in subjects with mild asthma and normal control subjects. In
      addition, we compared the profile of inflammatory cells and cytokine mRNA in
      sputum and bronchial wash fluid. METHODS: Cells positive for IL-4, IL-5, and IFN
      gamma mRNA were determined by using in situ hybridization on cytospun aliquots of
      sputum induced by successive inhalations of hypertonic saline. Inflammatory cells
      were quantified by using immunologic cell surface markers and
      immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA were detected in the sputum of
      all asthmatic subjects, and the number of cells expressing these cytokines was
      significantly higher than that found in control subjects. Colocalization studies
      showed CD3-positive T cells were the major sources of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA.
      CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that induced sputum can be used to detect
      mRNA for TH2 -type cytokines in bronchial asthma and that the increase in IL-4
      and IL-5 mRNA expression is similar to that seen with more invasive techniques.
      The qualitative differences in inflammatory cell numbers between sputum induction
      and bronchial wash are consistent with their sampling of different airway
      compartments.

PMID- 9949315
TI  - An evaluation of zafirlukast in the treatment of asthma with exploratory subset
      analyses.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Consensus asthma guidelines recommend antileukotriene agents as
      alternative therapy to existing anti-inflammatory medications; however, the full
      therapeutic potential of these medications has not yet been determined.
      OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of the
      oral leukotriene receptor antagonist zafirlukast (20 mg twice daily) in subgroups
      of patients who have asthma with the use of integrated data from four 13-week
      trials. METHODS: The trials had comparable designs, entry criteria, and clinical
      assessments. Patient subgroups were characterized by demographic and baseline
      asthma characteristics. Analysis of covariance models were tested for overall
      treatment effect and for interactions between treatment and subgroup
      characteristics. RESULTS: Patients with mild-to-moderate asthma (12 to 76 years
      old) who were treated with albuterol alone were randomized (nZ = 879; nP = 605)
      and included in subset analyses. Significant overall treatment effects, favoring
      zafirlukast, were noted for measures of daytime and nighttime symptoms, beta2 
      agonist use, and pulmonary function (P <.05). A significant, quantitative,
      treatment-by-age interaction was noted for beta2 -agonist use (P <. 03),
      suggesting greater reductions in rescue medication use with increasing patient
      age. Compared with placebo, similar size and/or direction of response was noted
      with zafirlukast in the various subgroups, indicating a benefit with zafirlukast
      regardless of subgroup. Significant treatment-by-strata interactions (P <.05),
      favoring zafirlukast, were noted for various outcome measures in subgroups with
      the greatest amount of baseline beta2 -agonist use (>8 puffs/day) and with
      greater baseline peak flow variability (>/=20%) and baseline airflow obstruction
      (FEV1 /forced vital capacity ratio, <0.70). The overall treatment failure rate
      was significantly lower in the zafirlukast group compared with the placebo group
      (P <.003). No associations were observed between any adverse events and subgroups
      defined by demographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Exploratory subset analyses
      showed that zafirlukast is similarly efficacious in patients with asthma who have
      differing demographic characteristics and degrees of subjective symptoms.
      Additionally, zafirlukast appears to be incrementally beneficial in patients with
      more moderate disease, defined by a greater requirement for as-needed rescue
      medication and more abnormal pulmonary function at baseline. Over 13 weeks,
      zafirlukast was well tolerated and demonstrated a safety profile clinically
      indistinguishable from placebo.

PMID- 9949316
TI  - T-cell receptor contact and MHC binding residues of a major rye grass pollen
      allergen T-cell epitope.
AB  - BACKGROUND: T cells are pivotal in the elicitation of allergic diseases.
      Analogues of T-cell epitope peptides with a modification at a T-cell receptor
      (TCR) contact site can alter selected T-cell effector functions. Thus the ability
      to modulate allergen-specific T-cell responses towards TH1 -like by stimulation
      with peptide analogues may downregulate allergic inflammation. OBJECTIVES: The
      purpose of this study was to characterize the minimal epitope recognized by
      cloned T cells of a dominant Lol p 5 epitope, p105-116, and identify the critical
      residues involved in TCR and MHC contact. METHODS: Using peptides with
      progressive truncation of N- and C-terminal residues in T-cell proliferation
      assays, we identified the core epitope recognized by cloned CD4(+) T cells. An
      additional series of peptides with single amino acid substitutions were used in T
      cell proliferation and live-cell MHC binding assays. Taken together, these
      results allowed identification of MHC binding and TCR contact residues of p105
      116. RESULTS: The core epitope of p105-116 was identified as residues 107-114.
      Within this core epitope, 3 residues were found to be important for MHC binding,
      positions 107, 110, and 112, whereas those at positions 108, 109, 110, 111, and
      113 were putative TCR contact residues. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of the
      TCR and MHC contact residues of a dominant Lol p 5 T-cell epitope and analogues
      of this peptide capable of modulating T-cell responses will allow the evaluation
      of these peptides' potential as immunotherapeutic agents for rye grass pollen
      allergic disease.

PMID- 9949317
TI  - Rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma caused by vine pollen: a case report.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The vine (Vitis vinifera) is a cultivated plant that is found in some
      European and American countries. Its pollen gathers in small quantities during a
      short pollination period in the months of May and June. Allergy to vine pollen
      has not been previously documented. OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe a case
      report of allergy to vine pollen documented on the basis of anamnesis, cutaneous,
      provocation, and specific IgE determination tests. METHODS: An allergenic extract
      was obtained from collected V vinifera pollens by aqueous standard procedures.
      Pollen counts and pollination periods of this and other common pollens in the
      area where the patient became symptomatic were studied. Cutaneous tests and the
      presence of specific IgE to the pollen extracts were performed by prick, CAP, and
      RAST techniques. Bronchial and conjunctival tests with the involved pollen
      extracts were also carried out to identify the sensitizing allergens. Five
      healthy subjects and 5 pollinic patients were used as control subjects and
      underwent the same tests. RESULTS: Skin prick test responses with vine pollen at
      different concentrations were positive for the studied patient and negative for
      the control subjects. Patient serum revealed a total IgE titer of 334 IU/mL and a
      specific IgE value of 1.3 PRU/mL (RAST class 2) to vine pollen. Bronchial and
      conjunctival provocation test responses were also positive when the patient was
      challenged with V vinifera extract. CONCLUSION: Exposure to the pollen of the
      vineyard plants (V vinifera) can induce immunologic sensitization and
      rhinoconjunctivitis/asthma.

PMID- 9949318
TI  - Fluticasone propionate powder: oral corticosteroid-sparing effect and improved
      lung function and quality of life in patients with severe chronic asthma.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Many patients with severe asthma are dependent on oral
      corticosteroids for maintenance control of their disease. Treatments that allow
      patients to be weaned off oral corticosteroids may help to minimize the risk of
      side effects associated with their chronic use. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated
      whether inhaled fluticasone propionate powder could maintain pulmonary function
      while reducing the dose of oral prednisone in patients with chronic, severe
      asthma. METHODS: Oral prednisone-dependent (5 to 40 mg/day) adolescents and
      adults with asthma (n = 111; mean FEV1 = 61% of predicted value) were randomized
      to placebo or twice daily fluticasone propionate 500 or 1000 microg administered
      by means of a multidose powder inhaler for 16 weeks in a double-blind, parallel
      group study. Patients underwent controlled prednisone reduction on the basis of
      predetermined asthma stability criteria. RESULTS: Oral prednisone was eliminated
      by 75% and 89% of patients in the twice daily 500 and 1000 microg fluticasone
      propionate groups, respectively, versus 9% of the placebo group (P <.001). FEV1,
      morning and evening peak expiratory flow, asthma symptoms, albuterol use, and
      nighttime awakenings improved with fluticasone propionate treatment, achieving
      statistical significance (P </=.009) primarily in the 1000 microg twice daily
      group. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression observed at baseline
      improved when patients were weaned off oral prednisone to fluticasone propionate.
      Adverse events ascribed to drug treatment were primarily topical effects of
      inhaled corticosteroids or those associated with prednisone withdrawal. Patient
      quality of life assessed by means of the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire was
      clinically and significantly improved after fluticasone propionate treatment (P
      </=.003). CONCLUSION: Fluticasone propionate powder (500 or 1000 microg twice
      daily) effectively improved lung function, adrenal function, and asthma-specific
      quality of life in patients with severe chronic asthma previously treated with
      oral prednisone while allowing most patients to be weaned off oral corticosteroid
      therapy.

PMID- 9949319
TI  - The relevance of TH1 and TH2 cells in immediate and nonimmediate reactions to
      gelatin-containing vaccine.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The immune mechanism of gelatin allergy, especially the participation
      of TH1 and TH2 cells and their cytokine secretion, has not been investigated.
      OBJECTIVE: We investigated the characteristics of T lymphocytes from patients
      allergic to gelatin-containing vaccine by secondary in vitro stimulation of
      circulating mononuclear cells with gelatin. METHODS: We studied 8 children with a
      history of immediate-type reactions and 8 with nonimmediate-type reactions after
      inoculation of gelatin-containing vaccine. The expression of IFN-gamma (TH1 ), IL
      2 (TH1 ), IL-4 (TH2 ), and IL-13 (TH2 ) mRNA was examined semiquantitatively by
      using a reverse transcriptase PCR. IgE antibody to bovine gelatin was measured
      with the fluorometric ELISA system, and gelatin-specific T-cell responses were
      detected by an in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay. RESULTS: Patients with an
      immediate reaction all had gelatin-specific IgE antibody, whereas others did not.
      However, all patients exhibited positive T-lymphocyte responses specific to
      gelatin. Lymphocytes from subjects with nonimmediate-type reactions generally
      expressed very weak or sometimes no IFN-gamma, IL-2, or IL-13 genes and
      especially no IL-4 gene. On the other hand, the lymphocytes of subjects with
      immediate-type reactions significantly expressed not only IL-4 and IL-13 but also
      IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA. CONCLUSION: Our observations suggest that both gelatin
      specific TH2 and TH1 responses are involved in the pathogenesis of the immediate
      reaction to gelatin. The gelatin-specific IL-4 and/or IL-13 responses
      consistently observed in patients with an immediate reaction may be associated
      with the production of gelatin-specific IgE antibody.

PMID- 9949320
TI  - Estrogen enhances immunoglobulin production by human PBMCs.
AB  - BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that estrogen may enhance humoral immune
      responses and may be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
      OBJECTIVE: We studied the in vitro effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2 ) on
      spontaneous immunoglobulin production by human PBMCs. METHODS: PBMCs from healthy
      human volunteers were cultured with E2. Levels of IgG and IgM and cytokine
      activity were measured by ELISA. Proliferation was determined by [3H]-thymidine
      uptake. The cell viability was assessed by a trypan blue exclusion test. RESULTS:
      E2 enhanced IgG and IgM production of PBMCs both from men and women without
      altering cell viability and proliferation. The stimulatory effect of E2 was
      revealed at 10(-10) mol/L, increased in a dose-dependent fashion, and was
      maximized at 10(-8) mol/L. IgG production of PBMCs in the presence of E2 (10(-8)
      mol/L) was 220% of control cells, and that of IgM was 211%. Immunoglobulin
      production of E2 -treated B cells was slightly higher than that of control cells;
      IgG production was 161% of control cells, and that of IgM was 157%. Anti-IL-10
      antibody partially blocked the E2 effect on immunoglobulin production of PBMCs;
      anti-IL-10 reduced IgG production in the presence of E2 from 206% to 154% of
      control cells, and that of IgM from 206% to 152%. E2 increased IL-10 production
      of monocytes up to 250% of control level, but it did not affect that of T cells
      or B cells. Exogenous IL-10 (1 U/mL) further enhanced E2 -induced increase of
      immunoglobulin production by B cells, although this level of IL-10 alone was
      ineffective for B cells. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that E2 may increase
      immunoglobulin production of human PBMCs mainly by increasing IL-10 production of
      monocytes. The results also support that E2 may act as an important stimulator
      for human humoral immunity.

PMID- 9949321
TI  - Production of chemokines and proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines by
      human alveolar macrophages activated by IgE receptors.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The alveolar macrophage (AM) expresses the low affinity IgE receptor
      and has the ability to produce not only several proinflammatory cytokines (TNF
      alpha, IL-1, IL-6) but also antiinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 receptor antagonist
      [IL-lra], IL-10), chemokines (IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1]), and
      macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this
      study was to evaluate the capacity of the AM from patients with allergic asthma
      and control subjects to produce chemokines and antiinflammatory versus
      proinflammatory cytokines after activation by IgE receptors and to define the
      role of CD23 in this activation. METHODS: AMs were collected by bronchoalveolar
      lavage from 13 patients with allergic asthma and 14 healthy subjects. Adherent
      AMs were activated either by the successive addition of IgE and anti-IgE or by
      monoclonal mouse IgG anti-CD23 or by a control monoclonal mouse antibody. TNF, IL
      1beta, IL-1ra, IL-10, IL-8, MCP-1, and MIP-1alpha levels were evaluated in
      supernatants of AMs incubated for 18 hours and in some cases after 4 hours of
      incubation. RESULTS: Activation by IgE and anti-IgE antibodies significantly
      increased the production of TNF, IL-1beta, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-lalpha, and IL-10 in
      both control subjects and patients with asthma, whereas the increase for IL-1ra
      was only significant for the control subjects. Whereas F(ab) fragments of anti
      CD23 antibodies inhibited IgE plus anti-IgE-induced cytokine production,
      activation by monoclonal IgG anti-CD23 antibodies reproduced the effect of IgE
      immune complexes. At 4 hours, the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines was
      increased by activation by IgE receptors, in contrast to antiinflammatory
      cytokines. In addition, analysis of the balance between proinflammatory and
      antiinflammatory cytokines showed that IgE-dependent activation largely favored
      the proinflammatory cytokines, particularly in patients with asthma. CONCLUSION:
      IgE-dependent activation by the FcepsilonRII receptor upregulates the synthesis
      of both chemokines and antiinflammatory cytokines in addition to proinflammatory
      cytokines. However, AMs from patients with allergic asthma may promote airway
      inflammation after activation by IgE receptors through its preferential effect on
      proinflammatory cytokines.

PMID- 9949322
TI  - Signals involved in the early TH1/TH2 polarization of an immune response
      depending on the type of antigen.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The early production of distinct cytokines by epidermal cells (ECs)
      in response to antigen exposure may govern the development of TH1 -like immune
      responses, such as contact sensitivity, or TH2 -like immune responses, such as
      IgE-dependent allergies of the immediate type, depending on the type of antigen.
      OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the signals induced by protein
      allergens with those induced by haptens in ECs and subsequently in local draining
      lymph node cells (LNCs) or splenocytes. METHODS: BALB/c mice were primed in vivo
      with the protein allergens ovalbumin or birch pollen or the haptens 2, 4
      dinitrofluorobenzene or trinitrochlorbenzene, respectively, and cytokine and
      immunoglobulin secretions of responding splenocytes were measured by ELISA after
      in vitro coculture with ECs. Induction of cytokine mRNA expression in ECs and
      LNCs was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-PCR. RESULTS: In the presence of
      protein allergens, ECs enhance the induction of a TH2 immune response (IL-4 and
      IgE production of splenocytes), whereas a TH1 immune response (IFN-gamma and
      IgG2a production) was only induced in the context of haptens. Heat inactivation
      of ovalbumin did not diminish the development of a TH2 immune response. One
      direct effect of antigen on ECs was the earlier expression of IL-10 mRNA after
      stimulation with protein allergens (30 minutes) than with haptens (2 hours) in
      vitro. By using an in vivo approach, sensitization of the skin with
      trinitrochlorbenzene, but not with ovalbumin, resulted in an early induction of
      IL-1beta, IL-12p40, and IFN-gamma mRNA in LNCs, whereas IL-18 was induced by
      both. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the type of antigen strongly
      influences the type of immune response by eliciting distinct signals already in
      the epithelium.

PMID- 9949323
TI  - Upregulation of TNF-alpha and IL-3 expression in lesional and uninvolved skin in
      different types of urticaria.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although mast cells are known to secrete a broad spectrum of
      proinflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, the role of these molecules in
      mast cell-dependent cutaneous inflammation is not clear. OBJECTIVE: We decided to
      study biopsy specimens from lesional and nonlesional skin of patients with acute,
      chronic recurrent, delayed pressure, and cold urticaria; from fleeting wheals of
      prick test reactions to allergens; and from normal skin of nonallergic subjects.
      METHODS: Cryostat sections were stained by immunohistochemistry with antibodies
      against IL-3, IL-8, TNF-alpha, and mast cell-specific tryptase. In serial
      sections with tryptase and each cytokine, reactivity of mast cells was studied as
      well. RESULTS: Compared with normal skin and prick test reactions,
      immunoreactivity for TNF-alpha and IL-3 was significantly increased on
      endothelial and perivascular cells of the upper dermis in all urticaria lesions.
      In nonlesional skin comparable upregulation was noted on endothelial cells and
      for TNF-alpha on perivascular cells of patients with delayed pressure urticaria.
      In addition, TNF-alpha was expressed throughout the epidermis in lesional and
      nonlesional skin of patients with all types of urticaria, but not in normal
      control subjects. Sequential biopsy specimens from patients with cold urticaria
      showed upregulation of TNF-alpha and IL-3 on endothelial cells 30 minutes after
      elicitation of lesions with an ice cube. In contrast to these findings, epidermal
      immunoreactivity, as well as endothelial and perivascular cell expression of IL
      8, were only slightly altered in urticaria compared with normal skin. In
      sequentially stained sections, few tryptase-positive mast cells reacted to TNF
      alpha, few reacted to IL-3 in pressure urticaria only, and practically none
      stained for IL-8. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the cytokines studied
      here are involved in the pathology of urticaria, possibly by inducing
      subthreshold inflammation in endothelial cells of uninvolved skin.

PMID- 9949324
TI  - Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis in Japan: a nationwide epidemiologic survey.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Pulmonary fibrosis inevitably develops in patients with chronic
      hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). OBJECTIVE: We conducted a nationwide
      epidemiologic study in Japan to evaluate the frequency and clinical
      characteristics of chronic HP. METHODS: This report is on 36 cases of chronic HP,
      including 10 patients with summer-type HP, 5 patients with home-related HP, 7
      patients with bird fancier's lung, 5 patients with isocyanate-induced HP, 4
      patients with farmer's lung, and 5 patients with other types of chronic HP.
      Chronic HP was further subgrouped into 2 types: one type of patients were first
      seen with chronic disease (9 patients), and the other type became chronic with
      fibrosis after repeated acute episodes (27 patients). RESULTS: The upper lung
      field was frequently involved in chronic HP (17%). Ground-glass opacities were
      observed in 57% and air space consolidation in 30% of the patients. Honeycombing
      was apparent in 37%. Twenty-six of 28 patients had antibodies to the presumptive
      antigens. Five of 8 patients with chronic HP were positive for antigen-induced
      lymphocyte proliferation. In 2 cases patients did not have detectable antibodies
      to causative antigens, although antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was
      detectable. The ratio of CD4 to CD8 in BAL lymphocytes was lowest in isocyanate
      induced HP (mean 0.22) and tended to be high in farmer's lung and bird fancier's
      lung. Granulomas were observed in 39% and Masson bodies in 42% of specimens on
      histologic examination. Administration of prednisolone was effective in 58% of
      patients. CONCLUSIONS: The insidious form of chronic HP has probably been
      misdiagnosed as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis when a good history was not taken
      and immunologic (especially antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation) and BAL
      testing were not counted.

PMID- 9949325
TI  - A clinical analysis of gelatin allergy and determination of its causal
      relationship to the previous administration of gelatin-containing acellular
      pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The number of patients with allergic reactions after administration
      of gelatin-containing live vaccines is increasingly reported in Japan. These
      allergic reactions appear to be caused by gelatin allergy. It is still unknown
      how the patients were sensitized to gelatin. OBJECTIVE: To determine the
      incidence of gelatin allergy and to identify contributing factors to gelatin
      allergy, we investigated the following clinical aspects: the development of IgE
      antibodies to gelatin and the relationship of the patients' past history of
      acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid (DTaP) to
      the development of gelatin allergy. METHODS: We evaluated 366 patient reports,
      submitted from 1994 to 1997, of adverse reactions after immunization with
      monovalent measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines containing 0.2% gelatin as
      stabilizer. On the basis of physician reports, the patients were categorized as
      to the nature of the adverse reaction. We determined the presence of IgE
      antibodies to gelatin and obtained past immunization history. RESULTS: The 366
      reported patients were categorized as follows: 34 with anaphylaxis, 76 with
      urticaria, 215 with nonurticarial generalized eruption, and 41 with local
      reactions only. In 206 patients from whom serum was available, IgE antibodies to
      gelatin were detected in 25 of 27 (93%) with anaphylaxis, 27 of 48 (56%) with
      urticaria, and 8 of 90 (9%) with a generalized eruption. None of a group of 41
      patients with only local reactions at the injected site and none of a control
      group of 29 subjects with no adverse reaction had such antibodies. Among 202
      patients for whom prior vaccine information was available, all had received DTaP
      vaccines. Among those for whom the prior DTaP vaccine could be determined to
      contain gelatin or be free of gelatin, 155 of 158 (98%) subjects had received
      gelatin-containing DTaP vaccines. This rate is higher than would be expected on
      the basis of the market share of gelatin-containing (vs gelatin-free) DTaP
      vaccines (75%). Furthermore, before 1993, when a trivalent measles, mumps, and
      rubella vaccine (with the same 0.2% gelatin content as the monovalent vaccines)
      was used and administered before DTaP vaccination, no reports of anaphylaxis to
      the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine were received. CONCLUSION: Most
      anaphylactic reactions and some urticarial reactions to gelatin-containing
      measles, mumps, and rubella monovalent vaccines are associated with IgE-mediated
      gelatin allergy. DTaP immunization histories suggest that the gelatin-containing
      DTaP vaccine may have a causal relationship to the development of this gelatin
      allergy.

PMID- 9949326
TI  - Decreased release of histamine and sulfidoleukotrienes by human peripheral blood
      leukocytes after wasp venom immunotherapy is partially due to induction of IL-10
      and IFN-gamma production of T cells.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Recent studies provide evidence that venom immunotherapy (VIT) alters
      the pattern of cytokine production by inducing an allergen-specific T-cell shift
      in cytokine expression from TH2 (IL-4, IL-5) to TH1 (IFN-gamma) cytokines and
      also inducing the production of IL-10. OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to
      analyze whether these changes in cytokine production of T cells already observed
      1 week after the initiation of VIT in subjects with wasp venom allergy also
      influence the reactivity of effector cells, such as mast cells and basophils.
      METHODS: All subjects included in this study had a history of severe systemic
      allergic reactions to wasp stings and positive skin test responses with venom and
      venom-specific IgE in the sera. Peripheral blood leukocytes were isolated before
      and after the initiation of VIT (rush therapy reaching a maintenance dose of 100
      microg venom injected subcutaneously within 1 week) and preincubated with or
      without addition of IL-10, IFN-gamma, IL-10 + IFN-gamma, anti-IL-10, or anti-IFN
      gamma. After stimulation with wasp venom, histamine and sulfidoleukotriene
      release were assessed by ELISA and compared with spontaneous release and total
      histamine content. RESULTS: After the induction of VIT, venom-induced absolute
      and relative histamine and sulfidoleukotriene release were reduced. This was at
      least partially due to the induction of IFN-gamma and IL-10 production, because
      (1) neutralization of IL-10 and IFN-gamma by mAbs partially restored the release
      after the initiation of VIT and (2) the addition of exogenous IFN-gamma and IL-10
      caused a statistically significant diminution of the venom-induced histamine and
      sulfidoleukotriene release before VIT. Depletion of CD2(+) T cells also restored
      the releasability after VIT. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that T cells
      (producing IL-10 and IFN-gamma after VIT) play a key role for the inhibition of
      histamine and sulfidoleukotriene release of effector cells.

PMID- 9949327
TI  - Regulation of immunoglobulin production in hyper-IgE (Job's) syndrome.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The hyper-IgE (HIE), or Job's, syndrome is a rare, complex disorder
      characterized by high levels of serum IgE in childhood and chronic dermatitis
      with recurrent, often severe sinopulmonary and skin infections. Although the
      etiology of HIE syndrome is unknown, there is evidence that patients with HIE
      have abnormalities in cellular immune responses, as well as in the production of
      polyclonal and antigen-specific antibodies. Furthermore, there appears to be a
      common (but still undefined) mechanism underlying the regulation of IgE and IgG4
      in this condition. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the role of cytokines or
      cytokine receptor blockade in regulating IgE and IgG4 production in HIE. METHODS:
      PBMCs were isolated from patients with HIE (n = 9) and normal individuals (n =
      8), and IgE and IgG4 production was assessed spontaneously, in the presence of
      recombinant IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and IFN-gamma, under conditions in
      which the IL-4R was blocked or when these cytokines were neutralized by specific
      monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. RESULTS: In PBMCs from patients with HIE, a
      significant (P <.01) reduction in the spontaneously produced IgE (and IgG4) was
      induced by either IFN-gamma or IL-12, although neither cytokine could totally
      abrogate the immunoglobulin production. Whereas spontaneous IgE (and IgG4)
      production was not affected by exogenous IL-4 and IL-13, neutralizing antibodies
      to IL-4 and IL-13 also significantly (P <.01) reduced the production of IgE and
      IgG4, a finding supported by the observation of increased expression of IgE
      germline transcripts in these patients. In contrast to the neutralization of IL-4
      and IL-13 protein, anti-IL-4R antibodies or soluble IL-4R completely suppressed
      IgE and IgG4 production in HIE. Similarly, IL-8 or antibodies to IL-6 and TNF
      alpha, cytokines known to affect IL-4-dependent IgE production, completely
      inhibited both IgE and IgG4 production. CONCLUSION: These data show that
      overproduction of IgE and IgG4 can be regulated by a number of cytokines
      affecting the IL-4-dependent pathway of IgE/IgG4 production in HIE and suggest
      new targets for therapeutic intervention.

PMID- 9949329
TI  - A case of anaphylaxis to gelatin included in erythropoietin products.

PMID- 9949328
TI  - Engagement of the B-cell antigen receptor by antigen negatively regulates IgE
      production by antigen-specific B cells.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Functional differentiation of B lymphocytes can be regulated at
      different levels. Such B-cell responses, to a large extent, are under the control
      of T cells and the release of soluble factors from these cells. Crosslinking of B
      cell antigen receptors also can direct B-cell differentiation, although the
      mechanisms are not well defined and the effects on specific antibody production
      have not been examined. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine whether
      crosslinking of the B-cell antigen receptor by antigen or antibody to the B-cell
      receptor could modulate specific antibody production, especially IgE production.
      METHODS: Antigen-specific human B cells were isolated and incubated with antigen
      or antibody to the B-cell antigen receptor. Specific antibody production was
      examined, as were surface isotype expression and levels of Ig heavy chain mRNA in
      T cell-independent cultures. RESULTS: The addition of antigen or anti-IgM
      antibody enhanced IgM and IgG antibody production in the presence of anti-CD40
      and IL-4 but downregulated IgE synthesis. These changes in isotope production
      paralleled changes in the frequencies of surface Ig+ B cells and Ig mRNA levels.
      Exogenous IL-6 abolished the antigen-mediated downregulation of IgE production.
      CONCLUSIONS: These studies indicate that signals delivered by means of the B-cell
      antigen receptor regulate antibody production in a distinct manner, resulting in
      enhanced IgM and IgG responses but leading to the inhibition of IgE production.
      Endogenous IL-6 production by B cells may counter the negative regulatory effects
      of antigen on IgE synthesis. We suggest that although antigen-mediated T/B-cell
      interactions play a major role in IgM- and IgG-specific antibody production,
      antigen-independent interactions may be more effective for T-cell dependent, IL-4
      induced IgE production by antigen-specific B cells. Furthermore, these findings
      provide a basis for further understanding of allergic responses and modulation by
      immunotherapy, where repeated exposure to large concentrations of allergen,
      administered by means of injection, enhance IgG responses and downregulate IgE
      synthesis.

PMID- 9949330
TI  - The prevalence of allergic disease and linoleic acid in the diet.

PMID- 9949332
TI  - Asthma and pregnancy: background, recommendations, and issues. Introduction to
      the workshop.

PMID- 9949331
TI  - Safety of intranasal steroids.

PMID- 9949333
TI  - Interrelationships between asthma and pregnancy: a literature review.
AB  - Pregnancy can affect the course of asthma, and asthma can affect pregnancy
      outcomes. Asthma course may improve, worsen, or remain unchanged during
      pregnancy. The mechanisms involved have not been defined, and the course in an
      individual woman is largely unpredictable. Therefore pregnant women with asthma
      must be followed up particularly closely so that any change in course can be
      matched by an appropriate change in therapy. The data also suggest that asthma is
      associated with increased frequencies of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The
      mechanisms of this are not totally clear either, but some data support the
      hypothesis that improved pregnancy outcomes are associated with well-controlled
      disease. The risk of using medications to control asthma during pregnancy appears
      to be much less than the risk of adverse outcomes related to severe uncontrolled
      asthma.

PMID- 9949334
TI  - Teratology: general considerations and principles.
AB  - Approximately 3% to 5% of children born in the United States manifest
      developmental defects. Between 2% and 3% of these birth defects can be classified
      as teratogen-induced malformations, which result from environmental or iatrogenic
      exposures during pregnancy. The final manifestations of drug-induced abnormal
      development can be death, malformation, growth retardation, or functional
      disorder. In considering the potential teratogenic effects of drugs, it is
      important to remember that susceptibility to a drug-induced malformation depends
      on: (1) the genotype of the conceptus, (2) the developmental stage at which
      exposure occurs, (3) the mechanisms of action of the drug, (4) the access of the
      drug to developing tissues, and (5) the dose of the drug. Nearly all teratogen
      induced birth defects are preventable if the dose-response relationship for
      teratogen exposure and the teratogenic activity of the drug can be clearly
      defined.

PMID- 9949335
TI  - Fetal oxygenation, assessment of fetal well-being, and obstetric management of
      the pregnant patient with asthma.
AB  - Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease affecting pregnant women.
      To provide the best obstetric care, it is necessary to understand fetal
      oxygenation and how it can be affected by maternal asthma. During pregnancy,
      fetal well-being should be closely monitored, and asthma care should be carefully
      integrated with obstetric care. Optimal fetal assessment includes establishing
      gestational age, assessment of fetal growth, and monitoring fetal activity.
      Evaluation for high-risk patients may include the non-stress test, contraction
      stress test, or biophysical profile.

PMID- 9949336
TI  - An overview of the recommendations of the Working Group on Asthma and Pregnancy.
      National Asthma Education and Prevention Program.
AB  - Asthma is the most common potentially serious medical disease complicating
      pregnancy, and uncontrolled asthma during pregnancy may produce both maternal and
      fetal complications. The Working Group on Asthma and Pregnancy was established by
      the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) to address the
      issues surrounding asthma management during pregnancy, working within the
      background of the NAEPP's published asthma guidelines. The Working Group's
      report, published in 1993, presents recommendations and information for
      diagnosing and managing asthma during pregnancy. Some key points are: (1) asthma
      should be treated as aggressively in pregnant women as in nonpregnant women; (2)
      asthma care and obstetric care should be carefully integrated and should include
      monitoring of fetal growth and development, maternal symptoms, and maternal lung
      function; (3) as for nonpregnant women with asthma, medications used to treat
      asthma during pregnancy should include a short-acting symptom reliever medication
      (usually an inhaled short-acting beta2 -agonist) and long-term daily medication
      to address the underlying inflammation for all patients with more than mild,
      intermittent disease.

PMID- 9949337
TI  - Methodological issues in the study of rare exposures and rare outcomes in
      perinatal epidemiology.
AB  - Epidemiologic study of rare exposures and rare outcomes is complicated. For
      perinatal epidemiology, a prospective cohort study design is preferred for
      reproductive outcomes with incidences of at least 5%. Case-control studies are
      generally used to investigate rare outcomes with incidences from 5 per 1000 to
      less than 1 per 1000. However, obtaining data on large numbers of rare cases can
      be difficult. The use of nested case-control designs or nested prospective
      studies may be particularly useful in perinatal epidemiology.

PMID- 9949338
TI  - Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) studies of inhaled corticosteroids during
      pregnancy.
AB  - Few prospective clinical trials exist to address the use of asthma medications
      during pregnancy in relation to neonatal outcomes. There is a need to identify
      favorable pregnancy outcomes in relation to the successful treatment of pregnant
      women with asthma. To this end, 3 studies have been initiated: (1) a
      retrospective analysis of inhaled steroid use in a maternal-fetal medicine
      research center, (2) a large observational cohort study assessing the effects of
      different types of asthma treatments on perinatal outcomes, and (3) a randomized
      clinical trial comparing theophylline and inhaled beclomethasone in the treatment
      of pregnant women with moderately severe asthma. Preliminary information on all 3
      studies is described.

PMID- 9949339
TI  - Databases in the assessment of the effects of drugs during pregnancy.
AB  - There is limited information on the effects of marketed drugs in pregnant women,
      largely because premarketing studies are not conducted in this population unless
      the agent is intended for specific use during pregnancy. Current information on
      the use of available medications during pregnancy includes 3 types of data: (1)
      case reports, (2) case-control studies, and (3) cohort studies. Assessments of
      pregnancy risk related to medication use most commonly involve case reports, and
      each year the Food and Drug Administration catalogs approximately 1000 suspected
      adverse drug experiences during pregnancy. The Food and Drug Administration,
      working with Michigan Medicaid, has developed a database of several hundred
      thousand pregnancy outcomes. Results of this study for asthma medications used
      between 1980 and 1992 are presented. However, interpretation of the results is
      complicated, and substantially more data are required, particularly as new
      medications become available.

PMID- 9949340
TI  - The Pregnancy Registry program at Glaxo Wellcome Company.
AB  - Registries can be used to provide an early warning system for potential
      teratogenic effects associated with the use of specific medications during
      pregnancy. Glaxo Wellcome has developed 5 international registries: (1) the
      Acyclovir Pregnancy Registry, (2) the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry, (3) the
      Lamotrigine Pregnancy Registry, (4) the Sumatriptan Pregnancy Registry, and (5)
      the Bupropion Pregnancy Registry. The purpose of these registries is to gain more
      information about the potential teratogenicity of these drugs during pregnancy.
      Two potential limitations of such registry data are recognized: (1) the utility
      of the data collected depends on the size of the sample; and (2) the registered
      patients may not be representative of all patients using the medication. However,
      these types of registry reports can be a valuable and cost-effective way to
      collect data regarding the use of medications during pregnancy when conventional
      methods (eg, cohort studies) are not appropriate or feasible.

PMID- 9949341
TI  - The American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Registry for Allergic,
      Asthmatic Pregnant Patients (RAAPP).
AB  - There are few data available to assess the safety during pregnancy of agents
      currently used to treat asthma and allergic disorders. The American College of
      Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Registry for Allergic, Asthmatic Pregnant
      Patients (RAAPP) was established to provide data to assess the hypothesis that
      the aggressive treatment of asthma and allergy in pregnant women will encourage
      positive outcomes for mother and baby. Currently in progress is a pilot study of
      800 patients who require inhaled corticosteroids during pregnancy. The major
      outcome variable for the pilot study is small for gestational age, defined as a
      birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age. After evaluation of
      these data, the Registry will probably be opened to general enrollment of any
      pregnant patient with allergy and/or asthma, regardless of medication use. When
      completed, RAAPP will enable physicians to evaluate the safety of medications
      commonly used by allergists to treat allergy and asthma during pregnancy.

PMID- 9949343
TI  - The educational process in otolaryngology.

PMID- 9949342
TI  - The Organization of Teratology Information Services (OTIS) Registry Study.
AB  - Some population-based studies of the risks of gestational medication use are
      limited by differential recall or enrollment of mothers of children with
      abnormalities. Prospective acquisition of exposure information, before knowledge
      of pregnancy outcome, is the most unbiased manner in which to obtain denominator
      based outcome information. The Organization of Teratology Information Services
      (OTIS) Registry Study will prospectively evaluate pregnancy outcomes in relation
      to exposures to asthma medications. Patients will be enrolled by participating
      Teratology Information Services. Information regarding medication exposure,
      asthma severity, and other important medical events will be assessed during
      pregnancy by means of standardized interviews, supplemented by medical records.
      Outcome information will be obtained from copies of the pediatric records. Data
      analysis will evaluate relative risks of adverse outcomes in exposed compared
      with unexposed asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects.

PMID- 9949344
TI  - Partial labyrinthectomy with hearing preservation: frequency-specific data using
      tone-burst auditory brain stem response.
AB  - Surgical approaches to the inner ear with hearing preservation have valuable
      implications for neurotologic surgery. In a previous study in guinea pigs, we
      demonstrated that click-evoked auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) were
      preserved after transection and plugging of 1 or more semicircular canals but
      were lost after entering the vestibule (Smouha EE, et al. Otolaryngol Head Neck
      Surg 1996; 114:777-784). A limitation of that study was that click-evoked ABR
      might not represent the function of the entire cochlea. In this study we used
      tone-burst ABR to determine thresholds across a broad range of frequencies (2 to
      24 kHz) before and after surgical entry into the labyrinth at the lateral
      semicircular canal, ampulla, and vestibule. Serial measurements were made, and a
      sham surgery group was used as a control. The results obtained with tone-burst
      ABR generally agreed with those previously obtained with click stimuli. Toneburst
      ABR thresholds were similar across most frequencies tested. Transection of the
      lateral semicircular canal resulted in preservation of ABR thresholds.
      Ampullectomy had a variable effect on ABR thresholds. Vestibulotomy usually
      resulted in substantial hearing loss. We conclude that hearing can be preserved
      across a range of frequencies after selective surgery of the inner ear. Surgical
      entry into the membranous labyrinth near the vestibule is the critical factor
      contributing to hearing loss after partial labyrinthectomy.

PMID- 9949345
TI  - Validation of a voice outcome survey for unilateral vocal cord paralysis.
AB  - Current methods to assess voice outcomes in patients with unilateral vocal cord
      paralysis (UVCP) are limited by expense, reliability, or lack of a true patient
      relevant focus. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a patient
      based, disease-specific instrument, the Voice Outcome Survey (VOS), that is
      brief, reliable, and sensitive to real clinical change in patients with UVCP.
      Fifty-six consecutive patients with uncompensated UVCP and without complicating
      comorbid illness received the VOS, the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36-Item
      Health Survey (SF-36), and a voice laboratory analysis before and 6 months after
      type I thyroplasty. Overall, reliability of the VOS was excellent (r = 0.87, P <
      0.0001). The VOS index was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated to subscales of
      the SF-36 including social functioning (SF) (r = 0.56) and physical role
      functioning (r = 0.35), as well as changes in objective voice measures such as
      phonation time (r = 0.51) and average intensity (r = 0.44). The VOS index was the
      most sensitive measure to clinical change after surgery (standardized response
      means: VOS, 1.92; phonation time, 0.68; SF, 0.58; physical role functioning,
      0.53; intensity, 0.51). The VOS is a brief, valid, reliable, and highly sensitive
      measure of disease-specific health status in patients with UVCP.

PMID- 9949346
TI  - Establishing the etiology of childhood hearing loss.
AB  - The cause of hearing loss in children is often difficult to identify. We
      evaluated a cohort of 114 children (47 boys, 67 girls) referred with newly
      diagnosed hearing loss (non-otitis media) to identify factors predictive of
      etiology and type of hearing loss. Clinical (history and physical examination),
      laboratory, and radiographic data were collected. One hundred children (87.7%)
      had sensorineural hearing loss, and 14 (12.3%) had conductive or mixed hearing
      loss. The cause of hearing loss was identified in 54 children (48%). Patients
      with isolated aural atresia (n = 7) or with a known diagnosis of congenital
      cytomegalovirus infection (n = 21) were excluded from further data analysis. We
      conducted statistical analysis to identify factors predictive of the cause and
      type of hearing loss. Clinical factors that aided in identifying a cause included
      abnormal physical examination findings (p = 0.001) and craniofacial anomalies (p
      = 0.006). Computed tomography of the temporal bones was the only diagnostic test
      predictive of cause (p < 0.001). Factors predictive of the type of hearing loss
      detected (sensorineural vs. conductive or mixed) were abnormal physical
      examination findings (p = 0.01) and craniofacial anomalies (p = 0.004). An
      exhaustive laboratory or radiographic workup did not prove beneficial in
      identifying the etiology of hearing loss in our series.

PMID- 9949347
TI  - Posturography does not test vestibulospinal function.
AB  - The clinical usefulness of posturography is unknown, despite its costing more
      than +500 per test in some areas of the United States, including Boston. We cross
      sectionally and prospectively studied blinded vestibulo-ocular and
      vestibulospinal tests from 29 stable patients with chronic vestibular
      hypofunction; 22 patients were affected bilaterally (BVH), and 7 were affected
      unilaterally (UVH). Vestibulo-ocular function was assessed by
      electronystagmographic caloric stimulation and sinusoidal vertical axis rotation
      gains at 0.05 Hz. Vestibulospinal function was assessed by moving-platform and
      visualsurround posturography sensory organization tests (SOTs), paced and free
      gait in a gait laboratory, and clinical tests of timed gait and standing.
      Posturography SOT moving-platform tests 4 through 6, designed to assess
      vestibular function, correlated significantly (r < or = 0.72, P > or = 0.01) with
      vestibulo-ocular tests in 5 of 6 comparisons among BVH patients. Posturography
      SOT results, however, correlated poorly with other vestibulospinal measures:
      correlations were statistically significant for only 7 of 18 comparisons with
      clinical balance and gait function (r < or = 0.69, P > or = 0.01) and with 2 of
      12 comparisons for gait laboratory dynamic stability measures (r < or = 0.55, P >
      or = 0.01) among the BVH patients. When both the platform and visual surround
      moved (SOT 6), however, correlations were statistically significant with static
      standing clinical measures (r = 0.51 to 0.69, P < 0.01) and with whole-body
      maximum moment arm during paced gait (r = 0.55, P < 0.01). Posturography scores
      for the UVH patients did not significantly correlate with any vestibulo-ocular or
      other vestibulospinal measures. These data indicate that among patients with BVH
      posturography SOT scores relate at best modestly with accepted measure of
      vestibulo-ocular function, less well with clinical measures of balance control,
      and poorly with dynamic gait-performance measures. We conclude that posturography
      SOT does not assess vestibulospinal function.

PMID- 9949348
TI  - Morphometric analysis of horizontal canal nerves of chronically diabetic rats.
AB  - Horizontal canal nerves of 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month-diabetic rats were compared
      with those of age-matched controls. The myelin sheaths of the horizontal canal
      nerves in diabetic rats were thinner than those of age-matched controls (mean +/-
      SD 0.63 +/- 0.04 micron (n = 16) vs. 0.71 +/- 0.05 micron (n = 9); p < 0.0001,
      one-tailed t test). Regression analysis revealed that myelin sheath thickness did
      not correlate with severity of diabetes, but myelin thinning did occur as a
      function of the duration of diabetes (p < 0.05, regression ANOVA). The
      progression of myelin thinning over time is consistent with the possibility of an
      accelerated decline in vestibular function with age in diabetic patients. That
      myelin thinning did not correlate with the severity of diabetes suggests that
      this thinning is not directly related to the aging effects attributed to
      nonenzymatic glycosylation of myelin proteins. Multivariate analysis revealed a
      significant difference between diabetic and control groups when fiber diameter
      and intrasheath diameter were considered together (p < 0.008, canonical
      discriminant-function analysis). Diabetic and control groups did not differ
      significantly in total nerve fiber counts. In the diabetic group, however, nerve
      fiber counts were higher in animals with higher blood glucose levels (p < 0.02,
      linear-regression ANOVA; r2 = 0.49). The finding of higher nerve fiber counts in
      more severely diabetic rats is consistent with an earlier transmission electron
      microscopic finding of false myelinated nerve fiber profiles in micrographs from
      more severely diabetic rats. These false profiles are believed to represent
      phagocytosis-like Schwann cell reactions against their own myelin, triggered by
      excess myelin glycosylation.

PMID- 9949349
TI  - Tracheal transplantation: defining the vascular territory of the canine cranial
      thyroid artery.
AB  - The management of long-segment tracheal stenosis remains an unsolved clinical
      problem that has significant implications for the survival of some patients and
      the quality of life of others. However, recent advances in microvascular tissue
      transfer may allow tracheal transplantation to be used as a treatment option.
      Studies in dogs have demonstrated that the reanastomosis of the cranial thyroid
      artery (CTA) after the transplantation of a short segment of trachea sustains
      cartilage viability. However, the distal perfusion zone of the CTA within the
      canine trachea has not been described. Hence it is unclear what length of trachea
      can be safely harvested, with use of the CTA as the donor artery, without risking
      ischemia of the distal trachea. This study determined the perfusion territory of
      the CTA by use of latex or dye infusion via the thyroid branches of the CTA.
      Findings in five perfusion-fixed cadaver mongrel dogs (8 to 12 kg) were studied.
      In each dog, both common carotid arteries were dissected and the CTAs identified.
      The right CTA was ligated and the left common carotid artery was ligated cranial
      to the CTA. The left common carotid artery was perfused for 10 minutes under 100
      mm Hg pressure with black india ink/saline solution (20:1000 ml) or with blue
      latex solution. Perfusion territories were determined by grossly and
      microscopically measuring the region of stain in the endolaryngeal and
      endotracheal airways. The results demonstrated that up to 18 ipsilateral rings of
      the canine trachea are perfused after injection of dye under physiologic pressure
      into the CTA. Contralateral staining was also noted, but to a lesser degree.
      These results suggest that the canine CTA may perfuse, on average, a 16- to 17
      ring tracheal segment.

PMID- 9949350
TI  - Mohs '98: single-procedure Mohs surgery with immediate reconstruction.
AB  - For more than 50 years, the Mohs technique has offered both the highest cure rate
      for skin cancers and the maximum preservation of surrounding normal tissue. Mohs
      skin cancer excision is traditionally performed by a Mohs dermatologist, followed
      by a secondary repair by a head and neck or plastic surgeon. This study comprises
      a review of 300 cases involving single-procedure Mohs therapy with immediate one
      anesthetic reconstruction. The data reviewed include types of reconstructions,
      cosmetic results, complications, and recurrence rates. In addition to offering
      the psychologic and quality advantages of immediate closure, the procedure allows
      patients to return to work sooner. With changes in technique ranging from the
      chemosurgery of the 1930s to the fresh-tissue methods of the 1970s, single
      procedure Mohs is the logical next step in the evolution of Mohs surgery.

PMID- 9949351
TI  - Microscopic detection of occult malignancy in the adult tonsil.
AB  - Microscopic evaluation of all adult tonsillar specimens has been considered
      essential despite the low incidence of unsuspected pathologic conditions. We
      evaluate whether routine histologic examination of clinically benign adult
      tonsillar specimens is indicated. We retrospectively reviewed pathology results
      from all tonsillectomies performed on patients ages 18 years or older at our
      institution from 1989 through 1996. Three groups were created on the basis of
      indications for tonsillectomy: (1) routine tonsillectomies for benign disease,
      (2) asymmetric tonsils, and (3) search for unknown primary lesions. Demographic
      data and pathologic findings in each group were analyzed. In 1280 tonsillectomies
      performed for benign disease there were no malignancies (0%) and 32 cases (2.50%)
      with clinically unsuspected benign pathologic conditions. In 31 cases of
      tonsillar asymmetry, two cases with malignant lymphoma (6.5%) and three cases
      with benign pathology (9.7%) were identified. In nine patients with squamous cell
      carcinoma metastatic to the neck, two occult primary lesions were identified in
      the ipsilateral tonsil. Our results suggest that histologic evaluation of adult
      tonsils removed for benign disease may be clinically unnecessary. The elimination
      of microscopic examination of tonsils removed from patients whose clinical
      presentation is entirely consistent with benign disease poses minimal risk of
      missing clinically significant pathologic conditions. Substantial costs for
      negative examinations may be avoided.

PMID- 9949352
TI  - Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: avoiding complications.
AB  - This study evaluates our complications arising directly or indirectly from
      placement or management of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes and
      provides recommendations for avoidance of complications. Seventy-one patients
      received PEG tube placement by otolaryngologists between January 1991 and May
      1997. Records were reviewed for diagnoses, combined procedures, and
      complications. Addressing potential causes of complications prompted modification
      of our technique of PEG tube placement and management. Twenty-three patients
      received PEG for dysphagia/aspiration unrelated to neoplasia, 11 received PEG
      with staging endoscopy, 11 received PEG after treatment for head and neck
      neoplasm, and 26 received PEG at the time of primary resection. Major
      complications included retained PEG hub and delayed colon abscess ultimately
      resulting in death. Minor complications included skin abscesses, cellulitis, and
      early and late vasovagal response with PEG tube removal. An airway emergency, on
      attempted oral airway intubation, resulted in an aborted PEG attempt and
      constituted another complication outside the 4 groups stated above. The major
      complication was not found within a literature review. We have modified our
      management for avoidance of this complication. We believe the causes of the minor
      complications have been identified, and with additional modifications in our
      technique, we have not had any similar complications recently. The recommended
      techniques are discussed in detail.

PMID- 9949353
TI  - Cyclin D1 expression as a prognostic parameter in papillary carcinoma of the
      thyroid.
AB  - Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid is the most common thyroid cancer. At the time
      of clinical presentation, most papillary carcinomas are still confined to the
      thyroid gland, and appropriate surgical treatment achieves a 95% 5-year survival
      rate. Certain carcinomas, however, behave in a much more aggressive fashion.
      Because specific therapies do not exist, for those tumors that have escaped local
      control, patients with disseminated disease have little or no chance of permanent
      cure or long-term survival. Cyclin D1, a protein that plays a critical role in
      the control of the cell cycle, has been shown to be overexpressed in a variety of
      human neoplasias and may serve as a prognostic parameter of disease progression.
      To explore the role played by cyclin D1 in the pathogenesis of thyroid papillary
      carcinoma, we have quantitated, by computerized image analysis, the
      immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded
      tissue from 35 conventional papillary carcinomas of the thyroid and correlated
      the results with established clinicopathologic parameters and available survival
      data.

PMID- 9949355
TI  - Learning curve in endoscopic sinus surgery.
AB  - The existence of a long learning curve for endoscopic sinus surgery has been
      proposed as a reason for rigorous and extensive training to prepare physicians to
      perform this surgery. In this article, the author--who participated in this type
      of training program--examines his experience over a 5-year period to assess the
      effect of rigorous training on the learning curve for endoscopic sinus surgery.
      Beginning with the first day of practice after training, 5 years with 393 cases
      were evaluated for complications and the need for revision surgery. The results
      were analyzed in 100-case groups. The results show no difference in major and
      serious complications or revision surgery rates. However, a statistically
      significant difference in the minor-complication rate, specifically frontal-sinus
      stenosis, was found from the first half to the second half of the experience.
      These findings show that, with rigorous training of the physician, the learning
      curve can largely be completed during residency training, allowing the new
      practitioner to perform endoscopic sinus surgery safely and with good results.

PMID- 9949354
TI  - Role of gastroesophageal reflux in pediatric upper airway disorders.
AB  - Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) into the laryngopharynx causes or contributes
      significantly to a variety of upper respiratory problems in children. The pH
      probe, laryngeal examinations, and broncholveolar lavage results for children
      with subglottic stenosis, recurrent croup, apnea, chronic cough, laryngomalacia,
      recurrent choanal stenosis, vocal fold nodules, and chronic
      sinusitis/otitis/bronchitis were reviewed in an effort to quantify the role of
      GER in each of these disorders. This review suggests that GER plays a causative
      role in subglottic stenosis, recurrent croup, apnea, and chronic cough. It is an
      important inflammatory cofactor in laryngomalacia and possibly in true vocal cord
      nodules and problematic recurrent choanal stenosis. GER is also an important
      inflammatory cofactor in chronic sinusitis/otitis/bronchitis but may be the
      result of chronic illness in the older patients.

PMID- 9949356
TI  - Alternative to endoscopic sinus surgery in the management of pediatric chronic
      rhinosinusitis refractory to oral antimicrobial therapy.
AB  - We determined the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of a treatment regimen
      consisting of maxillary sinus aspiration and irrigation with or without
      adenoidectomy, followed by culture-directed intravenous antibiotics and oral
      prophylaxis, for children with chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to oral
      antimicrobial therapy. Twenty-seven children (age 1-12 years, mean 6.7 years)
      with symptomatic (mean duration 16 months) and computed tomography-proven sinus
      disease, which persisted despite at least 1 month of oral antibiotics, were
      treated. Twenty-four patients (89%) had complete resolution of their presenting
      symptoms after intravenous therapy; in 3 (11%), intravenous therapy failed and
      endoscopic sinus surgery was required. Follow-up data were available for 26 of
      the children (96%); 23 of them had initial complete resolution. At last follow-up
      (mean 282 days, range 26-1095 days), 10 of these 23 patients (44%) remained
      asymptomatic, and 13 (57%) had had at least one other episode of sinusitis (mean
      1.0, range 1-3) treated with oral antibiotics, with resolution. Treatment-related
      complications included superficial thrombophlebitis (7%), diarrhea (7%),
      intravenous catheter guide-wire kink requiring venotomy (4%), and serum sickness
      like syndrome (4%). These preliminary results suggest that this treatment plan is
      relatively safe and feasible and that it may be a reasonable alternative to
      endoscopic sinus surgery in children with chronic rhinosinusitis unresponsive to
      orally administered antimicrobial therapy.

PMID- 9949357
TI  - Ozone effects on the immediate-phase response to allergen in the nasal airways of
      allergic asthmatic subjects.
AB  - Epidemiologic and clinical trials have suggested that exposure to ozone increases
      airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammatory response to inhaled nasal allergen
      challenge in allergic asthmatic subjects. Previous studies have demonstrated an
      increased late-phase response to nasal allergen challenge; however, the early
      phase response is unknown. We sought to characterize the early-phase response by
      measuring mast-cell inflammatory mediators and cellular influx at time points
      immediately following ozone exposure and subsequent allergen challenge. A cohort
      of mild, asymptomatic dust mite--sensitive asthmatic subjects was identified.
      Each subject underwent two separate exposures to both 0.4 ppm ozone and clean air
      in a randomized manner. Nasal lavage was performed before and after each
      exposure. Nasal allergen was then administered to a defined clinical end point,
      followed by nasal lavage. Differential cell counts and mast-cell products were
      identified in each lavage specimen. The mast-cell mediators tryptase and
      prostaglandin D2 were analyzed, as was a marker of epithelial cell permeability,
      albumin. Although allergen produced an increase in early-onset mediator release
      (mast cell-derived), no enhancement was noted after exposure to ozone. Neutrophil
      and eosinophil inflammatory mediators were not increased after ozone exposure or
      enhanced after allergen exposure, although ozone did enhance eosinophilic influx
      after exposure to allergen. Ozone exposure does not promote early-phase--response
      mediator release or enhance the response to allergen challenge in the nasal
      airways of extrinsic asthmatic subjects. Ozone, however, may promote an
      inflammatory cell influx, which helps induce a more significant late-phase
      response in this population.

PMID- 9949358
TI  - In vitro testing in pediatric food allergy.
AB  - Food allergies are an important cause of morbidity in the pediatric population.
      We used a questionnaire to assess the value of in vitro testing in evaluating
      children for food allergy. The patient population was divided into two groups:
      those who tested positive (Class I or greater) for food allergy (combined
      food/inhalant allergy or food allergy alone) and those who tested negative for
      food allergy (inhalant only or negative test). Although we recognize that a
      significant proportion of food allergies may not be IgE-mediated, for the
      purposes of this study we considered a patient food allergy--positive if in vitro
      testing was positive and food allergy--negative if testing was negative. Thirty
      eight of 77 patients tested (49%) were positive for food allergies. Those with
      food allergies did not have pretreatment scores significantly different from
      those of patients negative for food allergies (55 vs. 65, p = 0.11). Similarly,
      we detected no statistically significant difference between the symptom
      improvement scores of the two groups (37 vs. 40, p = 0.57). We conclude that in
      vitro testing for food allergies is warranted in children with allergic symptoms,
      for several reasons: The prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergy in children may
      be higher than previously thought, and children with food allergies experience
      the same severity of symptoms as those without. It must be remembered that in
      vitro testing only detects IgE levels, and therefore a negative test does not
      mean that the patient does not have food allergies. However, when positive, in
      vitro testing gives the physician the opportunity to modify the treatment plan,
      helping avoid time-consuming and demanding oral food challenges. Our
      questionnaire also showed that food allergy and non-food allergy patients had
      similar pretreatment and posttreatment symptom scores.

PMID- 9949359
TI  - Detection of the nasal cycle with acoustic rhinometry: techniques and
      applications.
AB  - Acoustic rhinometry is an appropriate method for detecting and recording the
      nasal cycle in normal subjects in terms of the cross-sectional areas and volume
      of the nasal cavity. In this study, we tried to detect and to define the nasal
      cycle in normal subjects so that we might develop a reliable and reproducible
      technique to be used in conjunction with studies on the physiology and pathology
      of nasal disease. We used normal volunteer adult subjects and performed bilateral
      acoustic rhinometry measurements every 15 minutes over 4 hours, along with the
      use of a visual analog scale for assessment of the subjective feeling of
      congestion (or patency) just before each acoustic rhinometry measurement. Volume
      and cross-sectional area changes were observed along with subjective patency
      score changes in each subject. The subjective feeling of patency was not related
      to the volume and cross-sectional area changes measured simultaneously. The
      technique of recording the nasal cycle with acoustic rhinometry in nasal research
      is presented.

PMID- 9949360
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea in children with achondroplasia: surgical and anesthetic
      considerations.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in a large
      population of children with achondroplasia and to evaluate the effectiveness of
      adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy as treatment. METHODS: Retrospective review of
      95 children with achondroplasia. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients (38%) had clinical
      evidence of obstructive sleep apnea. Thirty-four patients underwent surgery, with
      more than 1 procedure required in 10 children (29%). Adenotonsillectomy was the
      initial procedure for 22 of 34 patients, and further therapy was required in only
      18% of this group. Adenoidectomy was the initial procedure for 10 of 34, with 90%
      requiring further surgery for recurrent obstructive sleep apnea. Tonsillectomy
      alone was performed in 2 patients: 1 was effectively treated and 1 later required
      adenoidectomy. Endotracheal intubation was accomplished in all patients without
      complication; 53% required a smaller endotracheal tube than would be predicted by
      their age. Eight postoperative complications were recorded. CONCLUSIONS:
      Obstructive sleep apnea is very common in children with achondroplasia. Surgery
      is effective, but recurrent symptoms are common, particularly when the initial
      procedure is adenoidectomy. The complication rate is higher than that observed in
      a general pediatric population but is readily managed with standard therapy.
      Anesthesia can be given safely to these patients with special consideration for
      limited neck extension and appropriate endotracheal tube size.

PMID- 9949361
TI  - Association of adhesive macromolecules with terminal sprouts at the neuromuscular
      junction after botulinum treatment.
AB  - Small quantities of botulinum toxin (BTX) are useful in the treatment of certain
      movement disorders, such as laryngeal spasmodic dysphonia, blepharospasm, and
      cervical dystonia. However, the corrective paralytic effects of BTX are only
      temporary, in part because of the formation of remodeled neuromuscular junctions.
      Here, we questioned whether various factors within and near the neuromuscular
      junction could contribute to the remodeling seen after BTX treatment. BTX was
      injected subcutaneously in the region of the levator auris longus muscle. At 1
      week intervals, levator auris longus muscles were removed and examined
      histochemically. As previously described, BTX treatment results in a progressive
      elongation of end plates. The neural cell adhesion molecule was not associated
      with the elongated end plates but was associated with the BTX-induced nerve
      sprouts after long intervals (3 to 4 weeks). Similarly, after BTX, laminin-1
      (composed of alpha 1, beta 1, and gamma 1 chains) reactivity was associated with
      the nerve sprouts, but not with the end plates. Laminin beta 2 reactivity at the
      end plate dispersed somewhat within 1 week but remained diffusely associated with
      the elongating end plates for up to 5 weeks. Together these results suggest that
      neural cell adhesion molecule and laminins may participate in the sprouting
      observed after BTX treatment and that alterations in laminin beta 2 expression
      may participate in initial loss of contacts.

PMID- 9949362
TI  - Effects of estrogen and tamoxifen on growth of human vestibular schwannomas in
      the nude mouse.
AB  - Vestibular schwannomas have been noted to have increased frequency and
      aggressivity in female patients, suggesting a possible role of estrogen. This
      study evaluated the effects of estrogen and tamoxifen on the growth of human
      vestibular schwannoma tissue implanted in subcutaneous pockets of nude mice.
      Animals were implanted with 1 of 3 human vestibular schwannomas and observed for
      28 days. Mice were then separated into 3 treatment groups: controls, estrogen
      (receiving 1.7 mg of 17B-estradiol), and estrogen + tamoxifen (receiving 1.7 mg
      of 17B-estradiol + 10 mg of tamoxifen), and treated for 28 days. Mice treated
      with estrogen showed increased growth that was statistically significant (P <
      0.05) when compared with that of both the controls and the animals treated with
      estrogen + tamoxifen. Controls and animals treated with estrogen + tamoxifen
      showed a general trend of decreased volume during the treatment period. These
      early results support the hypothesis that estrogen modulates the growth of
      vestibular schwannomas in the nude mouse model and that these effects can be
      blocked by tamoxifen administration.

PMID- 9949363
TI  - Multiple otopathologic disorders: a diagnostic dilemma.

PMID- 9949364
TI  - Seasonal patterns of idiopathic facial paralysis: a 16-year study.
AB  - The annual frequency of Bell's palsy in 16 consecutive years was investigated in
      a 465,000-person health area in Madrid, Spain. The annual incidence of Bell's
      palsy per 100,000 population was found to be 24.1. The male-to-female ratio was
      46:54. Seasonal difference in the incidence was noted in our series with fewer
      cases during summer. According to these results, the illness in Spain seems to
      have a similar incidence to that in Western countries. In addition to this,
      Bell's palsy does not have an infectious epidemiologic pattern in our country,
      but its frequency decreases in warm weather.

PMID- 9949366
TI  - Medialization laryngoplasty.
AB  - Medialization laryngoplasty was performed in 25 patients between 1993 and 1997.
      The underlying pathology resulting in glottal incompetence was vocal cord
      paralysis in 22 patients and vocal cord bowing in 3 patients. Two types of
      implants were used: self-carved Proplast in 19 patients and prefabricated
      hydroxyapatite prostheses in 6 patients. Preoperative and postoperative results
      were compared in terms of dysphagia, vocal quality as graded by three experienced
      voice specialists, and computer measurements of the glottal gap. All patients
      showed improvement both subjectively and on the objective measurements used.
      Swallowing returned to normal in all patients who had isolated recurrent
      laryngeal nerve paralysis. The voice improved in all patients but was rarely
      judged as entirely normal.

PMID- 9949365
TI  - Effect of parenteral pentoxifylline and topical nitroglycerin on skin flap
      survival.
AB  - Flap necrosis is still a significant complication in all types of flap surgery.
      The effect of parenteral pentoxifylline and nitroglycerin in improving survival
      of ischemic skin flaps was tested in Wistar rats. In the control group (n = 15)
      the mean viable length of the flaps was calculated to be 6.160 +/- 0.936, and
      nonnecrotic flap area was found to be 1859.1 +/- 269.3. In the group treated with
      pentoxifylline and nitroglycerin (n = 15), the mean viable length of the flap was
      calculated to be 6.907 +/- 0.617, and the mean nonnecrotic flap area was found to
      be 2078.5 +/- 172.7. In this study results showed that the use of parenteral
      pentoxifylline and topical nitroglycerin is effective on skin flap survival.

PMID- 9949367
TI  - Microbiology of sinusitis in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - As a result of increasing use of bone marrow transplantation and new cytotoxic
      chemotherapy, more patients have become susceptible to sinus disease caused by
      unusual organisms. Sinusitis caused by fungi and gram-negative bacteria can be
      difficult to treat, may lead to severe complications, and should be managed
      promptly in the bone marrow transplant patient. Here we present the results of 41
      cultures of the paranasal sinuses obtained from 18 bone marrow transplant
      patients in whom sinusitis developed. The most common agents were gram-negative
      bacteria (56.7%), followed by gram-positive bacteria (26.7%) and fungi (16.6%).
      In 13 samples the cultures were negative. Nasal cultures were performed
      ipsilateral to the sinus drained in 28 cases. Concordance was obtained in only 5
      (17.8%) samples. The antibiogram of the isolated agents from the maxillary
      sinuses in this series revealed that the most efficient antibiotics were those
      that covered gram-negative bacteria. Treatment was usually prolonged in these
      patients, and different antibiotics were necessary to clear infections from the
      sinuses. In conclusion, treating sinusitis in bone marrow transplant patients may
      be challenging. Considerations about the microbiology and antibiogram
      susceptibilities of this specific population should be kept in mind when dealing
      with such cases.

PMID- 9949368
TI  - Fibrous dysplasia as a cause of periorbital abscess.

PMID- 9949369
TI  - Merkel cell carcinoma of the pinna.

PMID- 9949370
TI  - Amyloidosis of the palate.

PMID- 9949371
TI  - Infection control in long-term care: news from the front.

PMID- 9949372
TI  - Infection control programs in skilled nursing long-term care facilities: an
      assessment, 1995.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In 1989 the Health Care Financing Administration mandated that long
      term care facilities (LTCFs) maintain infection control programs; however, few
      data are available to guide the design of these programs. The purpose of this
      study was to assess the current status of infection control programs in LTCFs by
      using methodology adapted from Phase I of the Centers for Disease Control and
      Prevention Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control. METHODS: A
      descriptive study of infection control programs in skilled nursing LTCFs was
      undertaken in a representative sample of 136 New England skilled nursing LTCFs
      that have >/=25 beds, with use of a self-report Infection Surveillance and
      Control Questionnaire. RESULTS: Nearly all (98%) the LTCFs reported having
      personnel responsible for infection control, with a median of 8 hours per week
      spent on infection control activities. Ninety percent of these persons were
      registered nurses; 52% had formal training in infection control. Twenty-five
      percent of the respondents reported that their infection control program was
      either "inactive" or nonexistent in 1988, and 60% rated their programs as either
      "moderately active" (43%) or "very active" (17%) during that year. By 1994, most
      LTCFs (67%) rated themselves as "very active," and only 3% as inactive or
      nonexistent. The mean scores on the questionnaire's surveillance and control
      indices were 23 (out of a possible 30) and 47 (out of a possible 60),
      respectively, which indicates medium infection surveillance and control activity.
      On the basis of the data provided by 72% of the respondents (n = 98), a crude
      estimate of 13.97 infections per 1000 resident-days was calculated, which is a
      higher rate than previously reported for LTCFs. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from the
      study indicate that it is feasible to use methodology adapted from Phase I of the
      Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial
      Infection Control to assess infection control programs in LTCFs; however, further
      research into the efficacy of nosocomial infection control in skilled nursing
      LTCFs is needed.

PMID- 9949373
TI  - Antimicrobial prescribing in long-term care facilities: prospective evaluation of
      potential antimicrobial use and cost indicators.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Few studies exist regarding methods of monitoring antimicrobial
      prescribing in the long-term care setting. METHODS: Data were collected monthly
      in 4 long-term care facilities (LTCFs) for 20 to 26 months. The data included
      incidence (No. of antimicrobial courses started per 1000 resident care days) of
      antimicrobial use, antimicrobial utilization ratio (ratio of the number of
      antimicrobial-days to the number of resident care days), cost of antimicrobial
      day, and cost of therapy per resident care day. In one facility, physician
      specific data were also collected. RESULTS: Seasonal variation in the incidence
      of antimicrobial use was identified, with the highest rates occurring in the
      winter months. Significant differences in the mean incidence of antimicrobial
      use, mean antimicrobial utilization ratio, mean cost per antimicrobial-day, and
      mean cost per resident care day were identified among the 4 LTCFs during the
      study period. A significant correlation existed between incidence of
      antimicrobial use or antimicrobial utilization ratio and the overall infection
      rate or site-specific rates when the data from all 4 LTCFs were aggregated for
      analysis. Monthly variation in cost per antimicrobial-day was best explained by
      the monthly variation in prescribing of high-cost (>$15 per day) agents. With
      these same parameters for use and cost, considerable variation in prescribing and
      cost of therapy was noted among 7 physicians in the same facility. CONCLUSIONS:
      The parameters evaluated detected significant differences in prescribing and cost
      of antimicrobials among 4 LTCFs. If these findings are verified in larger
      studies, these parameters may be useful for monitoring trends in prescribing and
      for interfacility comparisons after adjustment for case-mix differences.

PMID- 9949375
TI  - Joint Commission standards for long-term care infection control: putting together
      the process element. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare
      Organizations.
AB  - Infection control in long-term care is being recognized more and more as the
      essential entity it has always been. As a surveyor for the long-term care program
      of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, I have
      noted that some confusion exists in the field as to what aspects of an infection
      control program are to be surveyed at specific standards. The standards are
      designed to allow flexibility to ensure that infection control programs meet the
      specific needs of the resident population and that these programs can continue to
      evolve. This article attempts to provide some clarity for the infection control
      professionals who are preparing for Joint Commission survey.

PMID- 9949374
TI  - Regional data set of infection rates for long-term care facilities: description
      of a valuable benchmarking tool.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Surveillance for nosocomial infections has been clearly established
      as a key element of all infection control programs. Surveillance programs in long
      term care facilities (LTCFs) have been described, but published infection rates
      vary widely depending on the type of facility studied, nature of resident
      population, definitions used for LTCF-acquired infections, and type of data
      analysis. The aim of this initial study was to create a standardized regional
      data set of infection rates that could provide an external benchmark for
      interfacility comparison. METHODS: The study included 6 LTCFs in close geographic
      proximity with similar patient populations. Surveillance in each facility was
      conducted by a licensed nurse supervised by an infectious diseases physician.
      Standard definitions for infections and uniform reporting forms were used. Data
      were pooled in an aggregate cumulative fashion, and data analysis was patterned
      after the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System. RESULTS: The data
      set consisted of 328,065 resident-days of care during 30 months, with a total of
      1252 infections for a pooled mean rate of 3.82 infections per 1000 resident-days
      of care. Infections for specific categories were 496 urinary tract infections
      (rate 1.51), 376 respiratory tract infections (rate 1.15), 88 gastroenteritis
      infections (rate 0.27), 283 skin and soft tissue infections (rate 0.86), 2
      bloodstream infections (rate 0.06), and 3 unexplained febrile illnesses (rate 0.
      09). Data analysis for comparison included interfacility means +/-2 standard
      deviations and percentiles of distribution. CONCLUSIONS: A regional data set of
      infection rates for LTCFs allowed for meaningful interfacility comparison of
      overall and specific endemic rates and is a valuable benchmarking tool for
      participating facilities.

PMID- 9949376
TI  - Guide to writing for publication in AJIC: American Journal of Infection Control.

PMID- 9949377
TI  - APIC position paper: immunization. Association for Professionals in Infection and
      Epidemiology, Inc.
AB  - The Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc.
      (APIC) is a multidisciplinary organization of more than 11,000 health care
      professionals who practice infection control and epidemiology within a variety of
      health care settings. As an authority in infection control, APIC endorses the
      Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations that are
      published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and
      Mortality Weekly Report. APIC supports the immunization initiative of the Healthy
      People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives, which
      contains a national strategy for significantly improving the health of the
      nation, including preventing infectious diseases through immunization.

PMID- 9949379
TI  - APIC position paper: responsibility for interpretation of the PPD tuberculin skin
      test. Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc.
AB  - The Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc
      (APIC) is a multidisciplinary, voluntary, international organization of
      professionals who practice infection control and the application of epidemiology
      in all health settings. APIC is an international leader in prevention and control
      of infection transmission.

PMID- 9949378
TI  - APIC position paper: hepatitis C exposure in the health care setting. Association
      for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc.
AB  - The Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc
      (APIC), is a multidisciplinary, voluntary, international organization of
      professionals who practice infection control and the application of epidemiology
      in all health settings. APIC is an international leader in prevention and control
      of infection transmission.

PMID- 9949380
TI  - Faucet aerators: A source of patient colonization with Stenotrophomonas
      maltophilia.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Multiple nosocomial outbreaks have been linked to contaminated water
      sources within the hospital. We report in this article a cluster of patients in a
      surgical intensive care unit who were colonized or infected with Stenotrophomonas
      maltophilia. METHODS: This study was conducted at an acute care academic
      hospital. Patients colonized or infected with S maltophilia were identified by
      prospective surveillance. Environmental isolates were obtained by culturing
      multiple water sources by using standard techniques. Patient and environmental
      isolates were examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: Patients
      were colonized with 2 isolates of S maltophilia, which were found by pulsed-field
      gel electrophoresis to be identical to strains isolated from the faucet aerators
      present in sinks in the patients' rooms. Multiple different strains, as defined
      by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, were isolated from patients during this
      outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that low level contamination of our potable
      water led to contamination of the faucet aerators with subsequent bacterial
      amplification on the aerator, which led to contamination of water after aeration.
      Cultures should be performed on faucet aerators when water sources are suspected
      as the reservoir for a nosocomial outbreak. If additional clusters of infected or
      colonized patients are linked to contaminated aerators, consideration should be
      given to routine disinfection or removal of the aerators.

PMID- 9949381
TI  - Team approach to infection prevention and control in the nursing home setting.

PMID- 9949382
TI  - Efficacy of triclosan.

PMID- 9949386
TI  - Phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity in familial Milroy lymphedema.
AB  - Familial Milroy lymphedema (ML) is classified as an autosomal dominant disorder
      characterized by peripheral edema of the lower extremities at birth or in early
      childhood. The variety of phenotypes are not well described, and the genomic
      location and functional expression of the gene or genes underlying this and
      related familial lymphedema syndromes remain largely unknown. In this
      collaborative study between the University of Arizona and the University of Sao
      Paulo, we collected clinical pedigrees on 6 ML families, carried out clinical
      examination of affected and unaffected individuals, and, in representative
      affected members of two of the families performed dynamic lymphangioscintigraphy
      (LAS) of the lower and upper limbs to delineate further the ML
      lymphangiodysplastic phenotype. To localize the gene for ML, we conducted a
      genome-wide search in 4 of the families using 387 polymorphic dinucleotide-repeat
      markers at approximate 10 cM spacing in 54 subjects (affected, unaffected
      bloodline relatives, and spouses). In all 6 families (86 subjects), we
      specifically examined the suggested linkage to the vascular endothelial growth
      factor (VEGF)-C receptor (Flt4) gene localized to the chromosome region 5q34-q35.
      The findings provide evidence for a spectrum of ML clinical and LAS phenotypes
      and also suggest ML locus heterogeneity.

PMID- 9949387
TI  - Liposuction reduces arm lymphedema without significantly altering the already
      impaired lymph transport.
AB  - In a prospective study, 20 patients with arm lymphedema after breast cancer
      treatment underwent liposuction combined with Controlled Compression Therapy
      (CCT) or CCT alone. Indirect lymphoscintigraphy (ILS) was used to study lymph
      kinetics before and after intervention. Lymphoscintigrams from the contralateral,
      non-edematous arm were characterized by prompt transit of the radiotracer (99mTc
      albumin nanocolloid) to the axillary nodes, whereas tracer accumulation as dermal
      backflow characterized tracer transport in the lymphedematous arm. Neither
      liposuction with CCT nor CCT alone, changed this ILS profile. Liposuction
      combined with CCT reduced arm edema volume by (median) 115% (range 92-179%),
      whereas CCT alone decreased arm edema volume by only 54% (range 7-81%) (p =
      0.008). Because liposuction in conjunction with CCT was not associated with
      further impairment to an already restricted lymph transport, we recommend this
      therapy (liposuction with external compression) for chronic arm lymphedema, as it
      reduces edema volume safely, rapidly, and more efficiently than external
      compression alone. Moreover, it does not worsen an already impaired lymph
      transport in the lymphedematous upper extremity.

PMID- 9949388
TI  - Changes of tissue fluid hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) in peripheral lymphedema.
AB  - Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid or HA) is an important component of the extracellular
      matrix which is synthesized in the tissue, transported in lymph and catabolized
      mainly in lymph nodes and the liver. In 39 patients with chronic peripheral
      lymphedema, the HA content in lymphedematous interstitial fluid was measured
      using radioimmunoassay. For comparison, the concentration of HA in serum and
      normal tissue fluid were also determined. These samples were also tested for
      protein concentration. The results showed that the HA concentration in
      interstitial fluid of a lymphedema limb was 22 x 10(3) +/- 10(3) (aspiration) and
      30 x 10(3) +/- 4 x 10(3) (wick) ng/ml which were significantly higher than that
      in interstitial fluid, serum and lymph of normal limbs (control) and interstitial
      fluid of limbs with venous edema (p < 0.001). The protein concentration in these
      fluids did not show significant differences between lymphedema and those with
      normal limbs. The findings suggest that HA stagnates in the limb with impaired
      lymph drainage which may exert a deleterious effect on the interstitium.

PMID- 9949389
TI  - Transaxial computer tomography of lower extremity lymphedema.
AB  - We examined retrospectively 11 patients with isolated unilateral lower limb
      lymphedema (clinical criteria confirmed by isotope lymphography) using computer
      tomography. In conjunction with earlier observations, the findings of soft tissue
      stranding, skin thickening, fat deposition in the epifascial compartment and
      perimuscular fascial thickening and edema relate to lymph stasis. This
      noninvasive and relatively simple imaging technique allows analysis of soft
      tissue changes in leg lymphedema and can be used to evaluate lymphatic
      insufficiency and its extent as well as document the response to treatment.

PMID- 9949390
TI  - Levels of eicosanoids (6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and 8-epi-PGF2 alpha) in human and
      porcine lymphatics and lymph.
AB  - Prostaglandin (PG)I2 is the primary eicosanoid synthesized by human lymphatics
      and 8-epi-PGF2 alpha, an isoprostane formed during free radical catalyzed
      peroxidation, is the most potent stimulator of lymphatic contraction tested thus
      far. We now examine the respective concentrations in the lymphatic wall of both
      human and porcine lymphatics and lymph fluid using specific immunoassays.
      Although both compounds are detectable in the lymphatic wall and lymph fluid,
      PGI2- (via its main metabolite 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha) is greater in the lymphatic wall
      whereas 8-epi-PGF2 alpha dominates in lymph fluid. Because inflammation is
      associated with oxidative injury, which in turn stimulates release of
      isoprostane, eicosanoid derivatives may modulate lymphatic tone during acute
      tissue reaction.

PMID- 9949392
TI  - In the next decade automated computer analysis will be an accepted sole method to
      separate "normal" from "abnormal" radiological images.

PMID- 9949391
TI  - Excision of subcutaneous tissue and deep muscle fascia for advanced lymphedema.
AB  - In advanced peripheral lymphedema particularly involving the legs, complex
      physical therapy (massage/bandage-wrapping compression, remedial exercises, and
      maintenance use of a low stretch elastic compression garment), is not uniformly
      successful. In six patients with morbid lymphedema of the legs, we described our
      positive experience using a modified Auchincloss/Homans excisional operation.

PMID- 9949393
TI  - Multi-slice helical CT: scan and reconstruction.
AB  - The multi-slice CT scanner refers to a special CT system equipped with a multiple
      row detector array to simultaneously collect data at different slice locations.
      The multi-slice CT scanner has the capability of rapidly scanning large
      longitudinal (z) volume with high z-axis resolution. It also presents new
      challenges and new characteristics. In this paper, we study the scan and
      reconstruction principles of the multi-slice helical CT in general and the 4
      slice helical CT in particular. The multi-slice helical computed tomography
      consists of the following three key components: the preferred helical pitches for
      efficient z sampling in data collection and better artifact control; the new
      helical interpolation algorithms to correct for fast simultaneous patient
      translation; and the z-filtering reconstruction for providing multiple tradeoffs
      of the slice thickness, image noise and artifacts to suit for different
      application requirements. The concept of the preferred helical pitch is discussed
      with a newly proposed z sampling analysis. New helical reconstruction algorithms
      and z-filtering reconstruction are developed for multi-slice CT in general.
      Furthermore, the theoretical models of slice profile and image noise are
      established for multi-slice helical CT. For 4-slice helical CT in particular,
      preferred helical pitches are discussed. Special reconstruction algorithms are
      developed. Slice profiles, image noises, and artifacts of 4-slice helical CT are
      studied and compared with single slice helical CT. The results show that the
      slice profile, image artifacts, and noise exhibit performance peaks or valleys at
      certain helical pitches in the multi-slice CT, whereas in the single-slice CT the
      image noise remains unchanged and the slice profile and image artifacts steadily
      deteriorate with helical pitch. The study indicates that the 4-slice helical CT
      can provide equivalent image quality at 2 to 3 times the volume coverage speed of
      the single slice helical CT.

PMID- 9949394
TI  - Moving segments region of interest attenuator for x-ray fluoroscopy.
AB  - Region of interest (ROI) imaging has previously been proposed as a means of
      reducing x-ray fluoroscopy radiation dose. Previous ROI attenuators made of
      partially attenuating metal plates change beam quality, which may lead to
      uncertainty in image restoration procedures. The design and construction of a
      prototype moving segments ROI attenuator (MS-ROI), which maintains beam quality
      across the whole field of view is described. The x-ray beam intensity is halved
      by 36 lead segments which are rapidly rotated between the x-ray tube and patient,
      with a central hole projecting a circular ROI at full intensity. Image processing
      techniques with automatic detection of the ROI boundary were used to homogenize
      image brightness across the whole image. Images restored using these techniques
      were judged to be visually acceptable, with a good match between pixel values
      inside and outside the ROI. Image contrast within the ROI was improved by 18% due
      to reduced scatter and veiling glare from the periphery. The introduction of the
      MS-ROI attenuator also results in a 48% increase in statistical noise in the area
      outside the ROI, with no significant change in object contrast. The patient
      entrance dose measured using the dose area product (DAP) method was reduced by
      53.4% under manual exposure control, with the dose to operators reduced by 48.4%
      under automatic brightness control. Further work is needed to determine whether
      the attenuator can be used with pulsed fluoroscopy, and to reduce vibrational
      effects on the ROI boundary. The MS-ROI attenuator provides a more constant ratio
      of central-to-peripheral image intensity, and maintains uniform beam quality and
      image contrast across the whole image in comparison to simple metal plate
      attenuators.

PMID- 9949395
TI  - Performance characteristics of a Kodak computed radiography system.
AB  - The performance characteristics of a photostimulable phosphor based computed
      radiographic (CR) system were studied. The modulation transfer function (MTF),
      noise power spectra (NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of the Kodak
      Digital Science computed radiography (CR) system (Eastman Kodak Co.-model 400)
      were measured and compared to previously published results of a Fuji based CR
      system (Philips Medical Systems-PCR model 7000). To maximize comparability, the
      same measurement techniques and analysis methods were used. The DQE at four
      exposure levels (30, 3, 0.3, 0.03 mR) and two plate types (standard and high
      resolution) were calculated from the NPS and MTF measurements. The NPS was
      determined from two-dimensional Fourier analysis of uniformly exposed plates. The
      presampling MTF was determined from the Fourier transform (FT) of the system's
      finely sampled line spread function (LSF) as produced by a narrow slit. A
      comparison of the slit type ("beveled edge" versus "straight edge") and its
      effect on the resulting MTF measurements was also performed. The results show
      that both systems are comparable in resolution performance. The noise power
      studies indicated a higher level of noise for the Kodak images (approximately 20%
      at the low exposure levels and 40%-70% at higher exposure levels). Within the
      clinically relevant exposure range (0.3-3 mR), the resulting DQE for the Kodak
      plates ranged between 20%-50% lower than for the corresponding Fuji plates.
      Measurements of the presampling MTF with the two slit types have shown that a
      correction factor can be applied to compensate for transmission through the
      relief edges.

PMID- 9949396
TI  - Signal formation and decay in CdTe x-ray detectors under intense irradiation.
AB  - The response of Cd(Zn)Te Schottky and resistive detectors to intense x-rays is
      investigated in a commercial computed tomography (CT) system to assess their
      potential for medical diagnostics. To describe their signal height, responsivity,
      signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and detective quantum efficiency the devices are
      modeled as solid-state ionization chambers with spatially varying electric field
      and charge collection efficiency. The thicknesses and pixel areas of the discrete
      detector elements are 0.5-2 mm and a few mm2, respectively. The incident spectrum
      extends from 26 to 120 keV and comprises 10(10) quanta/s cm2. It photogenerates a
      carrier concentration in the semiconductor that is two to three orders of
      magnitude above the intrinsic concentration, but remains to a similar extent
      below the charge densities on the device electrodes. Stable linear operation is
      achieved with the Schottky-type devices under high bias. Their behavior can be
      modeled well if negatively charged near-midgap bulk defects with a concentration
      of 10(11)-10(13) cm-3 are assumed. The bulk defects explain the amount and time
      constant (about 100 ms) of the detrapping current measured after x-ray pulses
      (afterglow). To avoid screening by the trapped space charge the bias voltage
      should exceed 100(V) x [detector thickness/mm]2. Dark currents are of the order
      of the generation-recombination current, i.e., 300 pA/mm3 detector volume. With
      proper device design the signal height approaches the theoretical maximum of 0.2
      A/W. This high responsivity, however, is not exploited in CT since the SNR is
      determined here by the incident quantum noise. As a consequence of the detrapping
      current, the response speed does not meet CT requirements. A medium-term effort
      for crystal growth appears necessary to achieve the required reduction of the
      trap density by an order of magnitude. Scintillation based detectors are,
      therefore, still preferred in fast operating medical diagnostic systems.

PMID- 9949397
TI  - Method for determining photonuclear production of radioisotopes using high-energy
      electron beams.
AB  - Linear accelerators can produce electrons at high power and energy. These
      electrons can be targeted at materials to produce radionuclides. Monte Carlo
      simulation is used to follow the path of the linac electrons (15-35 MeV) through
      materials. The production of photons and their passage through the material is
      modeled. The method of using this Monte Carlo information to calculate activation
      in the materials is presented. It is found that kilowatt power levels can produce
      mCi amounts of radioactivity in minutes. This work permits systematic evaluation
      of the potential for designing linear accelerators for in-house production of
      radionuclides.

PMID- 9949398
TI  - Characterization of the output for helical delivery of intensity modulated slit
      beams.
AB  - The UW tomotherapy workbench utilizes a convolution/superposition based dose
      calculation and optimization program. It specifies the energy fluence that must
      be delivered from each leaf for each phantom projection angle. This requires that
      the spectrum of the radiation emitted from the one-dimensional MLC (multileaf
      collimator) attached to the linear accelerator be determined. The steps involved
      in that process are described. The spectrum along the central axis of the slit
      beam was determined, as well as the softening with off-axis position. Moreover,
      the magnitude of the energy-fluence output had to be quantified on a per MU
      (monitor unit) basis. This was done for a single leaf along the central axis of
      the beam. Factors, which modify that energy-fluence output, were investigated.
      The output increases with off-axis position due to the horns of the beam. The
      output for a leaf of interest will also increase if additional leaves are open
      due to the absence of the tongue-and-groove effect and penumbra blurring. The
      energy-fluence increase per leaf increase by 4.9% if an adjacent leaf is open. No
      other factors related to the state of additional leaves were found to
      significantly increase the energy-fluence output for an individual leaf.

PMID- 9949399
TI  - Physical characteristics of a miniature multileaf collimator.
AB  - A preliminary study of the physical characteristics of a miniature multileaf
      collimator (mMLC) used with 4 MV x rays is reported. The mMLC attached to the
      accessory mount of a class C or D Varian linear accelerator (Varian Oncology
      Systems, Palo Alto, CA) with a source to aperture distance of 65 cm. The field
      penumbra using the small leaves was found to be consistent with the anticipated
      field penumbra using photon jaws at the same source to aperture distance as the
      mMLC. The percentage depth dose values of square fields were found to be
      consistent with the fields collimated with the upper and lower jaws. Output
      factors for the very small fields were found to vary rapidly. Circular fields
      could be produced with depth dose characteristics similar to those produced using
      conical tertiary collimators, commonly used for radiosurgery, but with a broader
      penumbra.

PMID- 9949400
TI  - Design for an accelerator-based orthogonal epithermal neutron beam for boron
      neutron capture therapy.
AB  - This paper is concerned with the proposed Birmingham accelerator-based epithermal
      neutron beam for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In particular, the option
      of producing a therapy beam at an orthogonal direction to the incoming protons is
      considered. Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations, both with and without a
      head phantom, have shown that an orthogonal beam geometry is not only acceptable
      but is indeed beneficial, in terms of a lower mean neutron energy and an enhanced
      therapeutic ratio for the same useful neutron fluence in the therapy beam.
      Typical treatment times for various beam options have been calculated, and range
      from 20 to 48 min with a 5 mA beam of 2.8 MeV protons, if the maximum photon
      equivalent dose delivered to healthy tissue is to be 12.6 Gy Eq. The effects of
      proton beam diameter upon the therapy beam parameters have also been considered.

PMID- 9949401
TI  - Toward a final design for the Birmingham boron neutron capture therapy neutron
      beam.
AB  - This paper is concerned with the proposed Birmingham accelerator-based epithermal
      neutron beam for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Details of the final
      moderator design, such as beam delimiter, shield, and beam exit surface shape are
      considered. Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations with a head and body
      phantom have shown that a simple flat moderator beam exit surface is preferable
      to the previously envisioned spherical design. Dose rates to individual body
      organs during treatment have been calculated using a standard MIRD phantom. We
      have shown that a simple polyethylene shield, doped with natural lithium, is
      sufficient to provide adequate protection to the rest of the body during head
      irradiations. The effect upon the head phantom dose distributions of the use of
      such a shield to delimit the therapy beam has been evaluated.

PMID- 9949402
TI  - Experimental determination of the thermal neutron flux around two different types
      of high intensity 252Cf sources.
AB  - The application of neutron emitting radioisotopes in brachytherapy facilitates
      the use of the higher biological effectiveness of neutrons compared to photons in
      treating some cancers. Different types of high intensity 252Cf sources are in use
      for the treatment of different cancers. To improve the therapy of bulky tumors
      the dose can be augmented by the additional use of the boron capture reaction of
      thermal neutrons. This requires information about the thermal neutron dose
      component around the Cf source. In this work, a Mg/Ar-ionization chamber
      internally coated with 10B was used to measure the thermal neutrons. These
      measurements were performed on two different 252Cf sources, one in use in the
      Gershenson Radiation Oncology Center at Harper Hospital in Detroit, MI, and one
      at the University Hospital of Chiang Mai in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The results of
      these measurements are compared and indicate that the differences in the
      construction of the sources influence the thermal dose component.

PMID- 9949403
TI  - Clinical brachytherapy with neutron emitting 252Cf sources and adherence to AAPM
      TG-43 dosimetry protocol.
AB  - Using Monte Carlo methods, neutron dosimetry for 252Cf Applicator Tube (AT) type
      medical sources available from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has for the
      first time been determined in terms of TG-43 formalism. This approach, as
      compared to previous "along-away" formalisms, demonstrates the relative angular
      independence of dose rate data, when the geometry factor has been removed. As the
      ORNL-made 252Cf AT type sources are considerably physically larger than most
      clinical sources used today, the radial dose function increases for radii less
      than 3.0 mm due to breakdown of the line source model. A comparison of the 252Cf
      neutron radial dose function with those for other medical sources revealed
      similarities with that from 137Cs. Differences with respect to previous 252Cf AT
      source neutron dosimetry data generally increased at increasing distances. This
      was attributed to differences in the various 252Cf AT source models and phantom
      compositions. The current status of 252Cf medical source fabrication and
      calibration procedures at ORNL is presented.

PMID- 9949404
TI  - Scatter and attenuation measurements at distances greater than 10 cm from an
      192Ir source.
AB  - Most algorithms developed by various investigators for use in brachytherapy
      treatment planning have typically been designed to calculate the dose within a 10
      cm range of a radiation source. These algorithms predict the dose well at
      distances < 10 cm from the source but were not developed and should not be
      utilized to predict the dose at distances > 10 cm. On the contrary, treatment
      planning systems and manual calculations will produce erroneous results when dose
      points > 10 cm are calculated using these algorithms. The spread in the data
      generated by the above algorithms is 16% at 15 cm and 42% at 20 cm. Physical
      measurements were performed at distances between 5 and 50 cm from a high activity
      192Ir source in water. The measured data correlated well with the predicted data
      from 5 to 10 cm, which had a 5% spread. Beyond 10 cm the measured data fell
      central to the range of the predicted data, with the spread of the predicted data
      increasing from 5% to 80% with increasing distance from the source. The measured
      data was fitted with a model incorporating a buildup factor and an attenuation
      factor. The best fit values are in reasonable agreement with those obtained by
      two of the investigators, Thomason and Tripathi.

PMID- 9949405
TI  - Commissioning a p-type silicon diode for use in clinical electron beams.
AB  - Commissioning measurements were carried out on a p-type silicon diode detector
      for use in patient monitoring in high energy electron beams. Characteristics
      specific to the diode were examined. The variation in diode sensitivity with dose
      per pulse was found to be less than 1% over a range 0.069-0.237 mGy/pulse. The
      diode exhibited a sensitivity variation with accumulated dose of 10% per kGy and
      a sensitivity variation with surface temperature of 0.26%/degree C. The
      dependence of the diode response on the direction of the incident electron beam
      was investigated. Results were found to exceed the manufacturer's specifications.
      Output factors measured with the diode agree to within 1.5% of those measured
      with an NACP-02 air ionization chamber. The detector showed a variation in
      response with energy of 0.8% over the energy range 4-15 MeV. Prior to introducing
      the diode into clinical use, an assessment of beam perturbation directly behind
      the diode was made. The maximum reduction in local dose directly behind the diode
      at a depth of 1.0 cm below the surface was approximately 13% at 4 and 15 MeV.

PMID- 9949406
TI  - Bad blood and biologicals: the need for new radiopharmaceutical source materials.

PMID- 9949407
TI  - PET imaging using dual-headed gamma cameras: an update.
AB  - Interest in clinical fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging with dual-headed gamma
      cameras continues to grow. In 1996, Jarritt and Acton published a review article
      of the use of gamma-camera systems for FDG imaging [1]. Since that article was
      published, considerable progress has been made in the adaptation of dual-headed
      camera systems for coincidence imaging. We review the basic principles of dual
      headed coincidence imaging and some of the major limitations and challenges in
      the development of such technology. Since much of the current clinical experience
      with FDG imaging is based on the use of dedicated position emission tomographic
      (PET) systems, some comparisons of the performance limitations between dual
      headed gamma-camera and dedicated PET systems are provided.

PMID- 9949408
TI  - Whole-body 18F-FDG PET for the evaluation of patients with Hodgkin's disease and
      non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - Whole-body metabolic information provided by 18F-FDG PET could help in the
      evaluation of lymphoma patients at diagnosis and follow-up. We studied 60
      patients, 42 at initial presentation and 18 for disease recurrence (23 aggressive
      non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 21 low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 16 Hodgkin's
      disease). All patients underwent a clinical examination, computed tomography (CT)
      and a non-attenuated PET scan within 1 week. The patients received 222-296 MBq (6
      8 mCi) 18F-FDG intravenously and emission scans were recorded 45-90 min later.
      18F-FDG PET detected more lymph nodes than the clinical examination or CT, but
      this rarely resulted in upstaging (two patients). The concordance between PET and
      CT for the evaluation of the spleen, liver and digestive tract was quite good.
      Discordance was noted in 12 patients for the evaluation of bone marrow
      infiltration, but confirmation by MRI or focal biopsy was not always obtained. We
      conclude that non-attenuated 18F-FDG PET is an easy and efficient whole-body
      method for the evaluation of patients with lymphomas. Compared with conventional
      techniques, however, it does not appear to offer much improvement for staging but
      provides a satisfactory base for follow-up.

PMID- 9949409
TI  - The practice of medical and surgical synovectomy: a UK survey.
AB  - Radiation, chemical and surgical synovectomy are therapeutic options in the
      treatment of chronic synovitis, but the evidence for their efficacy is limited.
      The aim of this survey was to compare the frequency of, and the factors affecting
      the use of, the three types of synovectomy in the last 2 years in the UK.
      Questionnaires were sent to all consultant rheumatologists and orthopaedic
      surgeons in the UK. Completed questionnaires were received from 294 rheumatology
      and 832 orthopaedic NHS consultants currently practising in the UK. Replies from
      the rheumatologists showed that surgical synovectomy was used most frequently,
      followed by radiation synovectomy (175 and 160 consultants respectively). Only 33
      consultants had used chemical synovectomy. Only 314 of the 832 (38%) orthopaedic
      consultants who replied had performed surgical synovectomies in the last 2 years;
      195 had used an arthroscopic procedure and 193 an open procedure. For all three
      therapies, the knee was the most commonly treated joint.

PMID- 9949410
TI  - Detection of CBF deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders by an expert system: a
      99Tcm-HMPAO brain SPET study using automated image registration.
AB  - The aims of this study were to develop an objective method for assessing rCBF
      deficits using a statistical image analysis protocol and to validate its
      effective use in clinical practice. 99Tcm-HMPAO brain SPET images were acquired
      for 40 normal subjects, 10 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 10 patients with
      depression. Automated image registration was used to standardize the size and
      shape of the brain structures for all subjects. The images of the first 30 normal
      subjects were used to construct a normal database. The CBF images of the other 10
      normal subjects and the 20 patients were compared voxel by voxel with the normal
      database to map CBF abnormalities by statistical evaluation. The results were
      compared with the clinical reports of CBF images. The expert system detected all
      rCBF deficits reported by the nuclear physicians. Some additional areas with
      special information, like atrophy and bilateral asymmetry, were also identified
      by the expert system. We conclude that this expert system can delineate CBF
      deficits with sufficiently high accuracy, differentiating normal from abnormal
      CBF images using voxel-based comparisons. The use of an expert system improves
      rCBF SPET image evaluation.

PMID- 9949411
TI  - Variability study of a non-invasive approach to the absolute quantification of
      cerebral blood flow with 99Tcm-ECD using aortic activity as the arterial input
      estimate.
AB  - The absolute measurement of regional cerebral blood flow can be made non
      invasively if dynamic scanning is performed immediately following the intravenous
      injection of 99Tcm-labelled HMPAO or ECD. By application of an elementary one
      step kinetic model in which the arterial input curve is estimated from a region
      of interest over the anterior aortic arch projection, a brain perfusion index
      (BPI) can be calculated which is correlated to the total hemispheric blood flow.
      The aim of this study was to assess the variability of the BPI approach as
      applied to the calculation of cerebral blood flow. For 46 patients (30 men, 16
      women) aged 23.7-74.4 years (mean 60.3), we calculated hemispheric BPI factors.
      For two subgroups of 10 patients chosen at random, several data-processing
      parameters, including the number of noise suppression steps and the linear slope
      interval for the Patlak fit, were assessed. To determine the influence of region
      of-interest selection and to estimate intra- and inter-observer differences,
      three independent observers conducted a repeat analysis of all 46 patients. From
      five patients who underwent the same injection procedure twice, an estimate of
      intra-subject reproducibility was calculated. Temporal noise reduction of the
      input data significantly decreased the intra-observer variability. Visual
      estimation of the linear interval in the Patlak curve is much less reproducible
      than automatic interval selection; very high interval borders in particular
      significantly decrease the calculated BPI. The intra-observer coefficients of
      variation for the BPI were 5.3, 5.6 and 7.9% respectively, corresponding to 2.8,
      3.0 and 4.1% when converted to hemispheric CBF. The slight inter-observer
      differences found could be attributed to differing processing parameters. For the
      five patients in whom the procedure was repeated, the hemispheric BPI
      reproducibility index was on average 2.6%. Determination of absolute hemispheric
      blood flow can be performed in a precise manner by means of a dynamic scan during
      the first 2 min after tracer injection after careful optimization of the
      processing parameters.

PMID- 9949412
TI  - Assessment of chemotherapy-induced changes in bone sarcomas: clinical experience
      with 99Tcm-MDP three-phase dynamic bone scintigraphy.
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of three-phase dynamic bone
      scintigraphy (TPBS) in the assessment of the response of bone sarcomas to pre
      operative chemotherapy and to correlate serial scintigraphic changes with
      histological findings. The study group comprised 27 patients (osteogenic sarcoma,
      n = 20; Ewing's sarcoma, n = 5; malignant fibrous histiocytoma, n = 2) with a
      mean age of 19.2 years. All patients received 99Tcm-methylene diphosphonate TPBS
      before and after pre-operative chemotherapy. Each phase of the imaging procedure
      was interpreted qualitatively and quantitatively. The percentage of tumour
      necrosis was analysed on resection materials following surgery. Histologically,
      12 patients were non-responsive (tumour necrosis less than 90%) and 15 patients
      were responsive (tumour necrosis more than 90%). A decrease in the tumour blood
      flow ratio and extension were the most notable findings in the responders. The
      mean change in the tumour blood flow ratio following therapy was 58.7 +/- 8.3%
      and 19.9 +/- 26.6% (P < 0.005) in responders and non-responders respectively. The
      accuracy of three-phase imaging and static bone scintigraphy was 88% and 74%
      respectively. Since bone scintigraphy is a valuable technique owing to its
      ability to detect distant metastases in clinically early disease, TPBS should be
      helpful in monitoring therapy effects without any additional cost or radiation
      dose.

PMID- 9949413
TI  - The use of image registration in the analysis of bone scans for the assessment of
      temporomandibular joint uptake.
AB  - Bone scanning is a commonly used technique in the assessment of patients with
      facial asymmetry. Uptake in the temporomandibular joints can be assessed
      quantitatively, either as a right-to-left ratio or as the uptake in the joint
      relative to some other bony structure. We used image registration techniques in
      the development of an automatic method of quantitative analysis and compared this
      with a manual region of interest method. Both image warping and region warping
      were studied. Normal ranges were established in a series of 25 subjects with no
      evidence of temporomandibular disorder. The results of this study indicate that,
      by using image registration and standard regions of interest, the results from
      normal subjects show a smaller standard deviation and improved correlation
      between observers when compared with manual analysis.

PMID- 9949414
TI  - Effects of alternative reconstitution procedures on the labelling efficiency and
      in vitro stability of 99Tcm-labelled radiopharmaceuticals.
AB  - Adding normal saline (NS) separately before 99Tcm-sodium pertechnetate to MDP
      cold kits has been shown to reduce substantially the radiation dose to the hand.
      A similar dose reduction will probably prove to be valid with the preparation of
      most other 99Tcm-labelled radiopharmaceuticals. However, it is unknown how this
      altered reconstitution procedure may affect the labelling efficiency and in vitro
      stability of the 99Tcm-labelled radiopharmaceuticals. We have evaluated the
      effects on the labelling efficiency and in vitro stability of 99Tcm-labelled MDP,
      mertiatide and sestamibi reconstituted with three different methods: adding
      normal saline before 99Tcm activity (NS/Tc); adding 99Tcm activity before normal
      saline (Tc/NS); and the standard reconstitution method of adding both 99Tcm
      activity and normal saline together. The labelling efficiency and in vitro
      stability were evaluated by measuring the radiochemical purity of each
      radiopharmaceutical tested at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 (except 99Tcm-MDP) and 24 h after
      reconstitution. For 99Tc-mertiatide, there was a very slight difference in the
      labelling efficiency, mostly due to the Tc/NS method being approximately 0.29%
      lower across time post-reconstitution than the standard method. For 99Tcm
      labelled MDP and sestamibi, there were no differences between the three methods
      in terms of labelling efficiency and in vitro stability. In conclusion, both
      alternative methods (i.e. NS/Tc and Tc/NS) appear not to have any detrimental
      effect on the labelling efficiency and in vitro stability of the 99Tcm-labelled
      radiopharmaceuticals that we tested. However, of the two alternative kit
      reconstitution methods, we recommend the NS/Tc method, since it may reduce the
      hand radiation dose.

PMID- 9949415
TI  - In vivo stability and metabolism of 99Tcm-labelled anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies
      and Fab' fragments.
AB  - In a comparative study, the in vivo metabolic profile of 99Tcm-anti-CD4
      monoclonal antibodies (MAb) and Fab' fragments (direct thiol-reduction method)
      was investigated in rats with adjuvant arthritis. Plasma samples were obtained 1,
      4 and 15 h following intravenous injection and urine was collected over 15 h. The
      composition of the radiolabelled molecules was analysed by gel filtration
      chromatography. The profile of the complete MAb was as follows. (1) Serum: a
      predominant peak of 150 kDa (complete MAb; approximately 80%); three minor peaks
      of 125, 100 and 50 kDa (presumably H2L1, H2 and H1 chains; 14%); and two small
      peaks of approximately 1500 and 300 Da (presumably 99Tcm-glutathione and Cys
      99Tcm-Cys; 5%). (2) Urine: minor peaks of 125, 100 and 50 kDa (15%), major peaks
      of 1500 and 300 Da (50%), and an additional 25-kDa peak (30%). The profile of the
      Fab' was as follows. (1) Serum: three minor peaks of 150 kDa [conceivably F(ab')2
      plus soluble-CD4], 110 kDa [F(ab')2] and 95 kDa (Fab' plus soluble-CD4; together
      30%); a predominant peak of 55 kDa (Fab'; 61%); and two minor peaks of 1500 and
      300 Da (8%). (2) Urine: predominantly a 55 kDa (16%) and 1500 and 300 Da peaks
      (74%). Also, the anti-CD4 Fab' showed higher urine excretion and lower plasma
      levels than the complete anti-CD4 MAb, but still more favourable tissue-to-blood
      ratios following scintigraphy of the arthritic joints. Thus, the complex
      metabolic profile of the anti-CD4 Fab' does not appear to interfere with specific
      targeting of the inflamed synovial membrane.

PMID- 9949416
TI  - Effects of the method of drawing regions of interest on the differential
      diagnosis of extrapyramidal syndromes using 123I-iodolisuride SPET.
AB  - Various parameters are currently used for the semi-quantitative assessment of
      dopamine D2 receptors and differ according to the delineation of the striatal
      region of interest (ROI) and the choice of the reference ROI. The aim of this
      study was to assess the value of different ROI approaches in differentiating
      patients with normal or increased numbers of D2 dopamine receptors (group 1 =
      Parkinson's disease, n = 8) from patients with decreased dopamine D2 receptors
      (group 2 = other extrapyramidal syndromes, n = 9) using 123I-iodolisuride SPET
      (ILIS-SPET). 123I-iodolisuride (190 +/- 31 MBq) and 99Tcm-ethyl cysteinate dimer
      (99Tcm-ECD) perfusion SPET were performed in the same position, with a dual
      headed gamera camera equipped with fan beam collimators. Both a geometric
      approach (ellipse, circle or rectangle) and an anatomical approach using the CT
      scan and perfusion SPET as anatomical guides were used to draw striatal and
      reference ROIs. A total of 33 different parameters were calculated for each
      patient, indicating the ratio of counts between the striatal and reference ROIs
      (frontal, occipital cortex or cerebellum) and the asymmetry between the right and
      left striatum. More significant differences between group 1 and group 2 were
      found by using geometric ROIs than by using anatomical ROIs. The most
      discriminant ratios were the caudate/occipital, caudate/frontal and
      striatum/occipital ratios (P = 0.001, P = 0.002, P = 0.003 respectively). A close
      correlation was found between the striatum/caudate and striatum/occipital ratios,
      but not between the striatum/frontal and striatum/occipital ratios or between the
      striatum/frontal and striatum/caudate ratios. We conclude that the occipital
      cortex is the best reference for the semi-quantitative evaluation of dopamine D2
      receptors as the frontal cortex could include some dopamine D2 receptor-bound
      radioligand, and that the caudate/occipital ratio is an appropriate parameter for
      differentiating Parkinson's disease from non-Parkinson extrapyramidal syndrome by
      123I-iodolisuride SPET.

PMID- 9949417
TI  - The use of delay tanks in the management of radioactive waste from thyroid
      therapy.
AB  - An underground system of tanks was installed to delay the discharge of 131I waste
      from the thyroid therapy unit to the on-site sewage treatment plant. As a
      consequence, the level of radioactivity discharged to sewage has fallen by a
      factor of 530, reducing the radiation dose to hospital and auxiliary service
      staff. Cancer patients are no longer required to collect their urine, hence
      increasing the hygiene for all concerned. A model was developed of iodine waste
      which estimates the dose rate above the delay tanks and the activity of iodine
      discharged. The maximum effective dose to a member of the public due to the
      holding tanks is 40 microSv.year-1. There is now better management of the
      radioactive waste from the iodine therapy ward.

PMID- 9949418
TI  - A 'one-stop' vascular clinic: initial experience of an out-patient immediate
      access radioisotope limb blood flow service.
AB  - The availability of an 'immediate-access' nuclear medicine service has
      facilitated the introduction of a 'one-stop' vascular clinic, enabling
      radioisotope limb blood flow and Doppler ankle:brachial index tests to be
      performed within 2 h of each other for new patient referrals. The test results
      are available to assist clinical management decisions during the same clinical
      session. A patient satisfaction survey was undertaken in 71 patients to assess
      their perspective of this service provision. Fifty-one (72%) patients returned
      the questionnaire. All respondents preferred to have attended the 'one-stop'
      clinic to having to return for investigations on a separate occasion. The patient
      satisfaction survey has identified patient perceived advantages of improved
      diagnostic efficiency, reduced number of visits, reduced patient worry and the
      minimization of patient travel costs. During the study period, 83% of allocated
      gamma-camera imaging slots were utilized, demonstrating that immediate-access
      nuclear medicine service provision linked to specific clinics can be a
      practicable solution to reducing waiting times for investigative tests. This is
      believed to be the first reported immediate-access nuclear medicine service, as
      opposed to the emergency investigations normally offered to clinically urgent
      requests.

PMID- 9949419
TI  - A way to reduce the radius of rotation in brain SPET with a single-head system.
AB  - To optimize spatial resolution in single photon emission tomography (SPET), it is
      essential to minimize the radius of rotation. In brain studies, different methods
      have been used to avoid shoulder interference when the radius of rotation is
      minimized: rectangular fields of view, modifications to the shielding around
      circular detectors and fan or cone beam collimators. However, few single-head
      systems can adopt these developments, particularly older cameras. A non-standard
      image acquisition method to reduce the radius of rotation in brain SPET with a
      single-head gamma camera is presented. The method applies a defined
      transformation to the original acquired images, maintaining the whole of the
      brain inside the field of view without shoulder interference and meeting the
      condition: pixel size < or = FWHM/3. With this method, it is possible to reduce
      the radius of rotation to 16 cm and to obtain a transaxial spatial resolution of
      15.98 mm, which is 3.5 mm less than with the standard method used in our
      laboratory. This procedure was implemented for a Siemens Gammasonics ZLC 3700
      gamma camera and has been validated in single-slice brain phantom studies. The
      method has the advantage of not requiring any complex or costly hardware.

PMID- 9949420
TI  - Radiopharmaceutical kit modification.

PMID- 9949421
TI  - Volumetric bone mineral density derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
      measurements.

PMID- 9949422
TI  - The 1998 Wendell Hughes Lecture. Evisceration: is sympathetic ophthalmia a
      concern in the new millennium?
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate a possible relationship between evisceration and
      sympathetic ophthalmia. METHODS: Data from Mt. Sinai Medical Center and
      University Hospitals of Cleveland were collected and histopathologic specimens
      were reviewed for 51 of 90 patients who underwent evisceration between 1980 and
      1996 and who returned for follow-up examinations. Additionally, a survey was sent
      to members of the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive
      Surgery, the Uveitis Society, and the Eastern Ophthalmic Pathology Society to
      determine the number of enucleations and eviscerations performed and the
      documented incidence of sympathetic ophthalmia after evisceration. RESULTS: No
      clinical or histopathologic evidence of sympathetic ophthalmia after evisceration
      was found among patients treated at the two medical centers. The collective
      surveys showed a strong preference for enucleation over evisceration, but did not
      document evidence of sympathetic ophthalmia after evisceration. CONCLUSIONS:
      Evisceration is an effective and safe procedure with a low risk for sympathetic
      ophthalmia.

PMID- 9949424
TI  - Use of mitomycin C in repeat dacryocystorhinostomy.
AB  - PURPOSE: The usefulness of a single intraoperative application of mitomycin C was
      investigated in repeat dacryocystorhinostomy for membranous failure. METHODS:
      Mitomycin C (0.3 mg/ml for 3 minutes) was topically applied to the fistula site
      in eight patients undergoing repeat dacryocystorhinostomy for membranous failure.
      RESULTS: All patients remain asymptomatic and anatomic patency confirmed by probe
      and irrigation with a mean follow-up period of 14.6 months (range, 6-26 months).
      No postoperative complications associated with the use of mitomycin C were
      observed. CONCLUSIONS: In patients who do not maintain a patent fistula after
      dacryocystorhinostomy because of membranous occlusion of the rhinostomy site, the
      adjunctive use of mitomycin C may increase the success rate of repeat
      dacryocystorhinostomy.

PMID- 9949423
TI  - Eyelid crease incision for lateral orbitotomy.
AB  - PURPOSE: The authors describe a surgical incision and technique for lateral
      orbitotomy that is intended to minimize visible scarring and deformity. METHODS:
      This is a noncomparative, interventional, retrospective case series. Other
      surgical approaches for lateral orbitotomy are briefly reviewed. The authors'
      technique includes incision placement within the natural upper eyelid crease,
      with minimal extension in a relaxed skin tension line; dissection to the superior
      and lateral orbital rims in the submuscular plane; and wide dissection within the
      subperiosteal space. Criteria are described for inclusion of a bone flap in the
      technique. RESULTS: The eyelid crease incision has been used for exposure of the
      superolateral diagonal half of the orbit in approximately 600 cases. A variety of
      pathologic conditions affecting the orbital bones or the subperiosteal,
      extraconal, or intraconal spaces have been treated. Surgical exposure has been
      adequate to achieve the goals of surgery in individual cases, and the cosmetic
      results have been preferable to those the authors achieved using other surgical
      incisions. CONCLUSIONS: The eyelid crease incision for lateral orbitotomy allows
      dissection in relatively avascular planes, involves minimal transection of
      orbicularis muscle and lymphatic channels, and results in negligible
      postoperative scarring. Depending on the size and location of the lesion and the
      goal of surgery, the eyelid crease incision may be used without a bone flap.
      However, when a bone flap is needed, the incision does not restrict its size.

PMID- 9949425
TI  - Positron emission tomography in patients with benign essential blepharospasm.
AB  - PURPOSE: To identify possible abnormalities in regional cerebral glucose
      metabolism in patients with benign essential blepharospasm or Meige syndrome
      using positron emission tomography. METHODS: Ten patients with benign essential
      blepharospasm and one patient with Meige syndrome were examined using positron
      emission tomography with deoxyglucose labeled with fluorine 18. The severity of
      muscle spasm at the time of positron emission tomography was recorded in each
      patient. In five patients, positron tomography was performed on two occasions
      (once before and again 1 to 2 weeks after botulinum injection) to look for
      reproducibility of the findings on positron emission tomography also to see if
      there was any correlation between the severity of symptoms and positron emission
      tomography findings. RESULTS: The mean reference ratio for fluorodeoxyglucose F18
      metabolism was significantly elevated in the striatum compared with the frontal,
      temporal, or parietal regions. Glucose metabolism was also elevated in the
      thalami. There was no correlation between the severity of blepharospasm and the
      degree of hyperactivity in the striatum. In the patients who underwent positron
      emission tomography scanning on two occasions, there was no significant
      difference between the two studies in any of the regions analyzed. CONCLUSIONS:
      The authors' findings support the hypothesis that benign essential blepharospasm
      and Meige syndrome may be associated with overactivity of the striatum and the
      thalamus. Positron emission tomography may prove to be a useful research tool and
      a possible adjunct diagnostic technique for benign essential blepharospasm and
      Meige syndrome.

PMID- 9949427
TI  - Orbital development after enucleation in early childhood.
AB  - PURPOSE: To identify growth retardation in the orbits of children who have
      undergone enucleation and orbital implantation. METHODS: Children who underwent
      unilateral enucleation for retinoblastoma were examined. Any patient who had
      received external beam radiation or chemotherapy was excluded. Follow-up time was
      5.5 to 10 years (mean, 8.33 years). Several linear measurements were made on the
      enucleated orbit and the fellow orbit. These measurements were compared using the
      paired Student t test and multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS: There was
      no statistically significant difference in any of the measured orbital dimensions
      between the enucleated and fellow orbits. CONCLUSIONS: Enucleation in children,
      when combined with a large orbital implant, does not cause orbital growth
      retardation.

PMID- 9949426
TI  - Role of local amphotericin B therapy for sino-orbital fungal infections.
AB  - PURPOSE: Sino-orbital fungal infections are serious complications of diabetes and
      immunosuppression. Standard treatments include surgical debridement of the
      involved tissues with possible orbital exenteration, intravenous antifungal
      therapy, and improvement of the host's immunocompetence and metabolic state, when
      possible. The role of conservative orbital debridement combined with local
      amphotericin B irrigations in the treatment of these patients was evaluated.
      METHODS: The records of seven consecutive patients with sino-orbital fungal
      infections, who were treated with limited surgical debridement and local and
      systemic amphotericin B therapy, were reviewed. The underlying disorders of these
      patients included acute lymphoblastic leukemia, immunosuppression after renal
      transplantation, diabetes mellitus, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The
      fungal species identified included Rhizopus, Mucor, and Aspergillus. RESULTS:
      Follow-up ranged from 4 months to 4 years. All patients retained their
      preoperative visual acuities. Only one patient ultimately underwent an orbital
      exenteration for progressive orbital fungal infection. The remaining patients had
      either complete or incomplete (without further progression) resolution of their
      fungal infection. Two of the seven patients died of unrelated causes, and no
      patient died of uncontrolled fungal spread. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative orbital
      debridement with local amphotericin B irrigations is an effective adjunct in the
      control of sino-orbital fungal infections, especially in patients with reversible
      immunosuppression and good preoperative visual acuities.

PMID- 9949428
TI  - Predicting the ideal implant size before enucleation.
AB  - PURPOSE: This study of volume replacement in anophthalmic sockets compares the
      volume replaced by the implant and prosthesis with the volume removed from the
      socket and evaluates A-scan ultrasonography as a tool to predict an ideal implant
      size before enucleation. METHODS: In this retrospective study of 59 anophthalmic
      patients, the volume replaced by the implant and the prosthesis was compared with
      the volume of the enucleated eye. The volume removed was estimated by calculating
      the volume of the fellow eye using A-scan ultrasonography. Enophthalmos and
      superior sulcus deformity were measured and correlated with the percent volume
      replacement in the anophthalmic sockets. RESULTS: Greater enophthalmos and
      superior sulcus deformity were found in patients with less than 100% volume
      replacement compared with those with 100% or more volume replacement. The axial
      length determined by A-scan ultrasonography of the fellow eye suggested that a
      larger implant size should have been placed in 76.3% of those patients with less
      than 100% volume replacement. Sixty-three percent of adult patients could have
      received an implant more than 22 mm in diameter to fill 80% of the volume removed
      at enucleation. CONCLUSIONS: A-scan ultrasonography of the fellow eye provides a
      useful tool for predicting the implant size before surgery for optimal volume
      replacement.

PMID- 9949429
TI  - Unusual orbital foreign bodies.
AB  - PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features of patients with unusual orbital
      foreign bodies. METHODS: The clinical histories, preoperative photographs,
      imaging studies, and surgical pathologic findings of five patients with unusual
      orbital foreign bodies are presented. Additionally, published reports pertaining
      to similar cases were reviewed. RESULTS: The five patients treated by the authors
      had good outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: An orbital foreign body may be overlooked because
      a small penetrating wound may be accompanied by minimal or no signs of
      inflammation early in the clinical course. A careful history and physical
      examination, imaging studies, and a strong suspicion are helpful for establishing
      the diagnosis of an orbital foreign body.

PMID- 9949430
TI  - Bilateral eyelid edema: an uncommon presentation of Rosai-Dorfman disease.
AB  - PURPOSE: Rosai-Dorfman disease (sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy)
      is a rare entity with ophthalmic manifestations in 11% of patients. Orbital and
      eyelid involvement as the presenting features is even more unusual. METHODS: The
      authors report the clinical findings of a 41-year-old man with Rosai-Dorfman
      disease presenting as eyelid edema. Biopsy of the involved tissue was analyzed by
      light microscopy. RESULTS: Histologically the orbicularis muscle contained a
      patchy infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and large pale histiocytes. The
      histiocytes had lymphocytes within them, a condition referred to as
      lymphocytophagocytosis. CONCLUSIONS: Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare clinical
      entity that may occasionally manifest with eyelid edema. Biopsy reveals a
      characteristic histopathologic picture.

PMID- 9949431
TI  - Porous polyethylene channel implants: a modified porous polyethylene sheet
      implant designed for repairs of large and complex orbital wall fractures.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a modified porous polyethylene implant
      in orbital fracture repair. A porous polyethylene channel implant (PPCI) has
      internal channels that accept mini- or microplates from conventional plating
      systems, facilitating fixation to bone in the reconstruction of large, complex
      orbital fractures. METHODS: The authors used 29 PPCIs to repair 25 orbits.
      Seventeen cases involved repair of an acute (less than two weeks after injury)
      fracture of one or more orbital walls. Eight cases represented delayed
      reconstruction of orbital walls for late enophthalmos or for residual defects
      after previous operations. RESULTS: A PPCI provides a stable platform for orbital
      soft tissue. Excellent results were obtained in all patients with acute orbital
      fractures, whereas good or excellent corrections of enophthalmos and hypoglobus
      were achieved in all patients who underwent late repair. There were no instances
      of orbital infection, implant exposure or migration, worsening diplopia, visual
      loss, or loss of structural support during 31 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A
      PPCI allows controlled placement of a porous polyethylene sheet with secure
      fixation to stable bone. The implant design allows it to be cantilevered from the
      orbital rim to serve as a stable platform when fractures are too large to support
      the implant in the posterior orbit. PPCIs are ideally suited for reconstruction
      of defects resulting from displacement of orbital walls and for repair of
      posterior floor fractures, medial wall fractures, and combined floor and medial
      wall defects.

PMID- 9949432
TI  - Management of relative proptosis with a porous polyethylene orbital rim onlay
      implant.
AB  - PURPOSE: The position of the globe relative to the orbital rim plays a
      significant role in the relationship between the eyelids and the cornea. A
      prominent globe (relative proptosis) may cause eyelid retraction and exposure
      keratopathy. Simple horizontal lower eyelid tightening exacerbates eyelid
      retraction. Optimal correction with an orbital decompression or advancement of
      the orbital rim entails considerable risk. A technically simpler alternative,
      placement of an orbital rim onlay implant, was evaluated. METHODS: Fourteen
      patients with symptomatic relative proptosis underwent placement of a porous
      polyethylene orbital rim onlay implant. RESULTS: Lower eyelid position, exposure
      keratopathy, and ocular discomfort were improved in all patients. Two patients
      required minor surgical revisions. CONCLUSIONS: Porous polyethylene orbital rim
      onlay implants are a satisfactory option to treat the sequelae of relative
      proptosis.

PMID- 9949433
TI  - Recent advances in molecular and molecular cytogenetic techniques have enabled
      the diagnosis of some inherited diseases from a single cell.

PMID- 9949434
TI  - Clinical evaluation of preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

PMID- 9949435
TI  - Genetic concerns for the subfertile male in the era of ICSI.
AB  - The treatment of severe male factor infertility has seen remarkable advances in
      the last five years with the introduction and widespread use of intracytoplasmic
      sperm injection (ICSI). Although ICSI represents one of the most important
      advances in the treatment of the subfertile male, significant concerns exist
      regarding the potential for transmission of abnormal genes to the offspring
      because many of the natural barriers to conception have been bypassed. Because
      these couples were not able to conceive prior to ICSI, the long-term genetic
      consequences in these offspring are largely undefined at this time. Genetic
      abnormalities related to male infertility need to be considered in terms of being
      (1) causative for male infertility and (2) potentially transmissible to the
      offspring. Reasons for pursuing a genetic evaluation include (1) establishing a
      diagnosis, (2) establishing a possible genetic origin, (3) clarifying the pattern
      of inheritance, and (4) providing information on natural history, variation and
      expression. The three most common known genetic factors related to male
      infertility are cystic fibrosis gene mutations leading to congenital absence of
      the vas deferens, Y-chromosome microdeletions leading to spermatogenic
      impairment, and karyotype abnormalities. When congenital bilateral absence of the
      vas deferens with azoospermia is encountered, cystic fibrosis transmembrane
      conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations are commonly the underlying cause.
      When testicular failure is manifest by azoospermia or severe oligoszoospermia, Y
      chromosome microdeletions may be present in approximately 10-15 per cent of
      otherwise normal appearing men. Karyotyping can uncover potentially transmissible
      genetic abnormalities in the infertile male including structural chromosomal
      disorders such as Klinefelter's (classic 47,XXY), mixed gonadal dysgenesis,
      chromosomal translocations and XYY syndromes. Finally, potential male infertility
      genes in animal models are reviewed. Without question, advances in clinical and
      basic research raise scientific and social issues that must be addressed.

PMID- 9949436
TI  - The expression of genes in human preimplantation embryos.
AB  - The study of gene expression in human preimplantation embryos is establishing
      itself as a necessary dimension of developmental biology and medical genetics.
      Transcripts identified in human preimplantation embryos include housekeeping
      genes, transcription and growth factor genes, sex-determining genes, tissue
      specific genes and novel genes, as well as genes of unknown function. Strategies
      are being developed which will eventually permit the most sophisticated gene
      expression studies on single human embryos of co-ordinated transcription and
      translational regulation. There is both a need for international co-operation for
      the systematic construction of expression maps and a need to establish databases
      of expression patterns during different stages of human development.
      Understanding how genes are regulated in humans is essential for understanding
      both normal development and disease. Until recently, studies of gene expression
      and regulation during embryogenesis were almost exclusively limited to
      prokaryotes and to eukaryotes other than man. The introduction of artificial
      reproductive technologies in conjunction with the development of recombinant
      molecular technologies applicable to single cells has made possible the study of
      human development at its earliest stages (Pergament and Bonnicksen, 1994).
      Although there are still enormous technical challenges, robust strategies have
      been, and continue to be, developed for connecting DNA sequence to such
      endophenotypes as timing and level of genes expression at the single cell level.
      Questions currently being asked in human developmental genetic studies concern
      the pronucleus, the zygote and the preimplantation embryo: what genes are
      expressed? When are they expressed? What functions do they perform and how, in
      sequence or in combination? And, what elements control and regulate their
      expression? This review provides an overview of current knowledge about the
      expression of different embryonic genes during early human development and
      discusses future prospects, which includes a need for international co-operation
      similar to the Human Genome Project.

PMID- 9949437
TI  - Results of a survey of the legal status and attitudes towards preimplantation
      genetic diagnosis conducted in 13 different countries.
AB  - Considerable differences in the regulatory oversight of preimplantation genetic
      diagnostic (PGD) services exist among countries, ranging from total bans on any
      embryo manipulation to the almost complete absence of any regulations or
      authority. A survey of centres offering PGD services revealed common concerns
      about the creation of embryos for research, altering the pattern of normal embryo
      development and the potential for misuse in the clinical application of PGD.

PMID- 9949438
TI  - Application of single-needle blastomere biopsy in human preimplantation genetic
      diagnosis.
AB  - We have tested and subsequently successfully applied a single-needle approach to
      obtain blastomere biopsies from human preimplantation embryos for preimplantation
      genetic diagnosis (PGD). The method was first evaluated in a mouse system and
      shown to be compatible with a high degree of in vitro and in vivo development of
      biopsied mouse embryos. Furthermore, we showed that biopsied mouse embryos after
      transfer to recipient mice underwent implantation, normal development and
      delivery. Litters were followed through puberty and adulthood and shown to be
      normal with regard to sexual function and also a panel of biochemical and
      morphological parameters including organ histology. Successful human
      preimplantation diagnosis, followed by pregnancies and birth of healthy babies,
      was established with two out of three couples carrying a risk to transmit
      chromosomal abnormalities leading to severe disease. This is the first report of
      the successful use of a single-needle approach in human PGD. Considering its
      simplicity, we conclude that the single-needle approach is an attractive
      alternative for biopsies in PGD.

PMID- 9949439
TI  - Strategies for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of single gene disorders by DNA
      amplification.
AB  - Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an alternative to prenatal diagnosis
      for ensuring the genetic health of offspring born to families affected by
      inherited disease. This paper sets out to review current protocols for the
      diagnosis of single gene defects in human preimplantation embryos. These methods,
      which depend on DNA amplification using PCR, are subject to a variety of
      pitfalls, such as allele dropout (ADO), contamination and reduced amplification
      efficiency. Advances in single cell DNA amplification, such as improved multiplex
      PCR protocols, fluorescent-PCR and whole genome amplification (WGA), can be
      applied to address some of these problems. Different PGD strategies are discussed
      in the context of their clinical application.

PMID- 9949440
TI  - Assessment of the reliability of single blastomere analysis for preimplantation
      diagnosis of the delta F508 deletion causing cystic fibrosis in clinical
      practice.
AB  - Following the birth of a baby girl confirmed to be homozygous normal for the
      delta F508 deletion causing cystic fibrosis (CF), many single-gene defects have
      been diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for preimplantation genetic
      diagnosis (PGD). A few misdiagnoses have been reported but no large-scale studies
      have been performed to assess the accuracy of diagnosis in a clinical setting.
      Here we focus on a series of 15 delta F508 PGD cycles performed at the
      Hammersmith hospital in an 18 month period. All the spare embryos that had not
      been selected for transfer after clinical diagnosis were disaggregated and the
      blastomeres were analysed individually to confirm the clinical results and assess
      the reliability of single blastomere analysis by the nested PCR method. A total
      of 484 blastomeres from 112 embryos of different delta F508 genotypes were
      analysed. The amplification rate for nucleated blastomeres was 95 per cent and
      the overall accuracy of diagnosis was 89 per cent. Using these figures, we
      calculate that the chance of selecting an affected embryo instead of a homozygous
      unaffected or heterozygous carrier is 1.3 per cent, and 0.3 per cent of selecting
      an affected embryo as unaffected when heterozygotes were not considered for
      transfer. Misdiagnoses risks were negligible when embryos were considered for
      transfer after obtaining two concordant results from the same embryo. This study
      highlights the fact that heterozygous carrier embryos are more often associated
      with misdiagnoses, due to the failure of amplification of one of the two alleles
      in heterozygous cells (allele dropout (ADO)) and undetected contamination. In a
      recessive condition such as CF, ADO cannot result in a serious error.
      Misdiagnoses due to contamination are potentially more dangerous, they, however,
      can be limited by only selecting homozygous unaffected embryos for transfer as
      the risks are quadrupled when heterozygotes are also considered for transfer. For
      diagnoses of dominant conditions we strongly recommend the systematic analysis of
      two blastomeres per embryo and the transfer of only embryos with two independent
      concordant results.

PMID- 9949441
TI  - Multiple genetic diagnoses from single cells using multiplex PCR: reliability and
      allele dropout.
AB  - We used a multiplex fluorescent PCR system containing seven primer sets on single
      cells from three different cell types (buccal, corneal and blastomere cells) and
      more than 3500 heterozygous alleles to investigate reliability and extent of
      allele dropout in multiplex PCRs at the single cell level. All three cell types
      gave similarly high reliability, accuracy and allele dropout rates, with similar
      reliability between singleplex and multiplex PCRs. Allele dropout was also
      consistent between the three cell types and did not significantly increase as
      allele size increased. These results indicate that multiplex fluorescent PCR is a
      reliable and accurate method of obtaining multiple diagnosis (eight chromosomes
      simultaneously) from single cells and maximizes the information available from
      single cell analysis.

PMID- 9949442
TI  - Non-disclosure preimplantation genetic diagnosis for Huntington's disease:
      practical and ethical dilemmas.
AB  - Prenatal diagnosis of Huntington's Disease (HD) is controversial. Selective
      abortion is considered unacceptable by some, since, being a late-onset disorder,
      any child born carrying the HD mutation might still expect many years of disease
      free life. The test result itself has implications for the parents and other
      members of the family who may have decided not to be tested but who know that
      they may be at risk because a family member is affected. For this reason some
      potential carriers do not want to know their carrier status and may prefer
      prenatal exclusion testing. However, since half the fetuses carrying the affected
      grandparental allele may be normal, aborting these fetuses is also controversial.
      Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has been suggested as an alternative by
      which asymptomatic individuals who are at high risk of carrying HD can avail
      themselves of antenatal genetic testing without incurring the emotional, social
      and financial burdens that might result from the presymptomatic disclosure of
      their own carrier status. However, non-disclosure testing of embryos in vitro
      presents specific practical difficulties. Assurance of absolute secrecy is
      difficult in the large team required for in vitro fertilization biopsy and
      diagnosis, and changes in practice which may be required to maintain the
      deception may be unethical.

PMID- 9949443
TI  - Preimplantation diagnosis for Huntington's disease (HD): clinical application and
      analysis of the HD expansion in affected embryos.
AB  - Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by motor
      disturbance, cognitive loss and psychiatric manifestations, starting between the
      fourth and the fifth decade, followed by death within 10-20 years of onset of the
      disease. The disease-causing mutation is an expansion of a CAG triplet repeat at
      the 5' coding end of the Huntington gene. We have developed a single-cell PCR
      assay for the HD gene in order to propose preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)
      for the couples at risk. We present here our first results with our first nine
      PGD cycles and also discuss the behaviour of the disease-causing expansion in pre
      implantation embryos.

PMID- 9949444
TI  - Chromosome translocations: segregation modes and strategies for preimplantation
      genetic diagnosis.
AB  - Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) offers polymerase chain reaction tests
      for an increasing range of single gene defects, and fluorescence in situ
      hybridization tests for sex determination (for X-linked conditions) and for
      aneuploidy detection. Patients carrying chromosome translocations with a high
      reproductive risk are increasingly seeking to increase their chances of a normal
      pregnancy with the help of PGD, for which they present a special challenge. This
      paper describes the behaviour of reciprocal translocations at meiosis, discusses
      current methods of detecting meiotic outcomes at the preimplantation stage and
      outlines ways forward for preimplantation diagnosis of these common
      rearrangements. We also propose a more general strategy using recently developed
      chromosome-specific sub-telomeric probes, combined, if possible, with proximal
      probes, to form a strong diagnostic tool.

PMID- 9949445
TI  - Case report: chromatid exchange and predivision of chromatids as other sources of
      abnormal oocytes detected by preimplantation genetic diagnosis of translocations.
AB  - Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of translocations can be performed on first
      polar bodies (PB) at metaphase stage using FISH with whole-chromosome painting
      DNA probes. Here we report the use of this method in a couple in which the female
      was a carrier of a balanced translocation 46,XX,t(11;16)(q21;q22). This case
      unusual in that two polar bodies showed recombination events between the
      homologue chromosomes of 11 and 16 pairs, resulting in M-II oocytes with
      monovalent chromosomes having a normal and a derivative chromatid. For this type
      of case, PGD analysis on polar bodies cannot give a useful result, because, at
      the second meiotic division, either of these chromatids could remain in the
      oocyte, resulting in a normal, balanced or unbalanced embryo. PGD analysis on
      blastomeres can provide a solution. 11 previous cases of PGD of translocations
      performed by metaphase PB analysis are reviewed.

PMID- 9949446
TI  - Preimplantation diagnosis of the aneuploidies most commonly found in spontaneous
      abortions and live births: XY, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22.
AB  - The present preimplantation diagnosis test is able to screen for the most common
      aneuploidies from single blastomeres in about five hours with a 15 per cent
      misdiagnosis. This means that the risk of spontaneous abortion and trisomic
      offspring for women of advanced maternal age could be reduced to the same level
      as younger women for whom prenatal diagnosis is usually not necessary. Better
      probes and more fluorochromes could improve the success rate of the test.

PMID- 9949447
TI  - [Secondary immune deficiency].

PMID- 9949448
TI  - [Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C].
AB  - AIM: To study incidence, special features and mechanisms underlying onset of
      extrahepatic lesions in HCV-infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extrahepatic
      symptoms of chronic hepatitis C and its outcome--hepatic cirrhosis were studied
      in 157 patients. HCV-infection was confirmed by ELISA II and polymerase chain
      reaction (detection in the serum of anti-HCV and HCVRNA, respectively).
      Morphological studies of the liver were made in 134 patients, of other organs and
      tissues--in 20 patients. Immunological tests were made in 124 patients. Thyroid
      hormones, antibodies to thyroglobuline were measured with radioimmunoassay in 74
      patients. RESULTS: Extrahepatic manifestations were found in 70(44.6%) patients
      with chronic hepatitis C (more frequently in hepatic cirrhosis), for the most
      part in women and in long-lasting disease. 54(43.5%) women had cryoglobulinemia,
      27 of them showed it clinically. Patients with cryoglobulinemia and free of it
      exhibited varying frequency cutaneous vasculitis, Raynaud's syndrome, affection
      of the muscles and joints, nodular periartheritis, lesions of the lungs,
      myocarditis, autoimmune thyroiditis, Sjogren's syndrome, lichen ruber planus,
      porphyria cutanea tarda, immune cytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia,
      hypoplastic anemia, monoclonal immunoglobulinopathy, B-cell lymphoma. Of high
      frequency were activity of rheumatic factor (66.9%), hypocomplementemia (31.8%),
      antinuclear antibodies (9.8%) and other immunological disorders. CONCLUSION: Some
      extrahepatic lesions in HCV-infection are detailed: frequent mixed
      cryoglobulinemia and associated vasculitides of different sites, malignant
      lymphoproliferative diseases, more frequent than in HBV-infection involvement of
      the thyroid and salivary glands, some skin lesions.

PMID- 9949449
TI  - [Epidemiological and clinical features of viral hepatitis in convicts of
      penitentiaries].
AB  - AIM: Investigation of epidemiological and clinical features of viral hepatitides
      (VH) in convicts treated in clinics of penitentiaries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: VH
      were studied in 352 patients of the infection department of the special hospital
      in one of the penitentiaries of Russian Federation. 97 VH patients were followed
      up. Incidence of VH was also considered in 144 patients of the somatic
      department. Mean age of the patients was 24 years, mean duration of the last stay
      in the penitentiary 19 months. Forms of VH were diagnosed clinically, using EIA,
      ultrasound, laboratory tests. RESULTS: Serological markers HC-, HB-, HA- of viral
      infections were detected in 34.3, 32.3 and 11.4% of patients, respectively. VH of
      mixed etiology was found in 17.6% of cases. 52.1% of patients had previously
      injected narcotic drugs, 60.4% of them had concomitant infectious or parasitic
      diseases. 22.9% of the patients had serum proteins below 65 g/l. CONCLUSION:
      Convicts in the penitentiaries were infected primarily with hepatitis C, many of
      them had mixed infections and chronic hepatitis. More than half of them had
      associated infections infectious and/or parasitic diseases. At least one-fifth of
      the patients suffered from protein insufficiency. The causative agents can be
      transmitted through different routes, two or more at a time, iatrogenically among
      them. VH in convicts display special clinical features which allow to consider
      them as an independent syndrome.

PMID- 9949450
TI  - [Characteristics of viral hepatitis in addicts with consideration of lymphocyte
      membrane condition].
AB  - AIM: To study changes in the condition of lymphocyte membranes of patients with
      acute viral hepatitis B (AVHB) in narcotic addicts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 136
      patients with AVHB have been examined for endogenic intoxication (plasma levels
      of middle-size molecular peptides, urine levels of red cells). 74% of the
      examinees had practiced parenteral injections of opium substitutes. Measurements
      were made of lymphocyte levels of malonic dialdehyde and superoxide dismutase
      activity characterizing free radical lipid peroxidation, enzymes of the main
      metabolic cycles. RESULTS: AVHB addicts often display antibodies to hepatitis C
      virus, high indices of endogenic intoxication. CONCLUSION: Viral hepatitis was
      associated with enhanced intensity of lymphocyte membrane lipid peroxidation
      correlating with the disease severity and duration irrespective of concomitant
      drug addiction. Early convalescence in drug addicts ran with persisting metabolic
      disturbances in the immunocompetent cells. This is a pathogenetic sign of the
      disease transformation to the chronic form.

PMID- 9949451
TI  - [Treatment of sever polyneuropathy caused by hepatitis B virus with interferon
      alpha].

PMID- 9949452
TI  - [Plasma middle mass molecules in viral hepatitis].
AB  - AIM: The study of the level of middle mass molecules (MMM) in blood plasma of
      patients in different periods of viral hepatitis; their relation to some routine
      markers of viral hepatitides; appropriateness of MMM test in differential
      diagnosis with other jaundices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plasma MMM content was
      measured in 123 patients aged 17-65. 28 of them had mild form of viral hepatitis,
      56 had moderately severe and severe hepatitis, 39 had jaundice of other etiology.
      Healthy donors with MMM levels 1.18 +/- 0.02 optic units served as control.
      Computer correlation analysis discovered a rise in blood levels of MMM in the
      phase of jaundice development, a fall in the phase of the disease peak, rise
      again in the phase of jaundice attenuation and normalization in convalescents.
      The changes were small in mild disease, great in moderate and grave disease. In
      the absence of intoxication MMM made up 1.27 +/- 0.0.02 OU, in dramatic
      intoxication MMM level rose to 1.47 +/- 0.04 OU (p < 0.05). Correlation was not
      noted between MMM content and conventional markers of viral hepatitides. There
      was no rise in concentration of MMM in non-viral jaundice. CONCLUSION: MMM
      concentrations in plasma in viral hepatitides can be used as a prognostic and
      differential-diagnostic sign.

PMID- 9949453
TI  - [Isoenzymes of transferases in serum from diphtheria patients].
AB  - AIM: Investigation of serum spectrum of isoenzymes AlAT, AsAT, GGT in diphtheria
      in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The serum spectrum of cytoplasmic and
      mitochondrial isoenzymes AlAT, AsAT, GGT were studied in 12 bacterium carriers
      and 65 patients with diphtheria. Quite original evidence has been obtained on
      mechanism of hyperenzymemia. RESULTS: Diphtheria is associated with enhanced
      activity of cytoplasmic isoenzymes in correlation with intoxication severity.
      Spectrum of isoenzymes AlAT and especially GGT shifted to the side of
      mitochondrial fractions. There were no statistically significant differences in
      the activity and spectrum of isoenzymes in myocarditis and in its absence. In
      clinical recovery the spectrum of isoenzyme activity remained changed.
      CONCLUSION: It is suggested that dysisoenzymemia is related to active role of
      hepatocytes in utilization of diphtheria toxin, that carriers are not healthy
      people as hyperenzymemia is associated with morphological changes in the
      myocardium.

PMID- 9949454
TI  - [First case in Russia of coinfection of visceral leishmaniasis and HIV
      infection].

PMID- 9949455
TI  - [Systemic affections in cytomegaloviral infection (cytomegaloviral disease) (case
      report)].

PMID- 9949456
TI  - [Interferons and inductors of their synthesis (review)].

PMID- 9949457
TI  - [Immune mechanisms in pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
      (review)].

PMID- 9949458
TI  - [Clinical and laboratory characteristics of cryptosporidiosis in Turkmenistan].
AB  - AIM: The study of clinical symptoms of gastrointestinal lesions in subjects
      invaded with cryptosporidia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1994 to 1997 383
      patients with monocryptosporidiasis were observed. 75.7% of them were children.
      Cryptosporidia oocysts were identified in fecalia using Fulleborn technique. The
      specimens were stained according to Cill-Nilsson. RESULTS: Clinically, the
      invasion was characterized by acute onset, severe course in children, involvement
      of the whole gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. CONCLUSION:
      Monocryptosporidiasis runs in Turkmenistan a more severe course compared to
      countries with moderately hot climate.

PMID- 9949459
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiological analysis of imported malaria in Donetsk region (1979
      1997)].
AB  - AIM: The study of possibility of reappearance of malaria foci in the Donets
      region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 322 cases of imported malaria (IM) in the Donets
      region registered in 1979-1997 have been analysed clinically and
      epidemiologically. Malaria was diagnosed in immigrants from and visitors to
      Africa, Asia and Latin America, malaria-endemic Azerbaidjan, Tadzhikistan,
      Afghanistan. RESULTS: Late diagnosis of malaria occurred in immigrants and
      businessmen who got infected during their business trips. Causative agents of
      malaria imported from Azerbaijan and Asia were resistant to chemoprophylaxis with
      delagil and primaxine. Clinical forms of IM are described. CONCLUSION: There is a
      real danger of malaria reappearance in the Donetsk region as the residents are at
      risk of being infected from late-diagnosis foreign tourists, immigrants,
      refugees.

PMID- 9949460
TI  - [Terminology of systemic vasculitis (lecture)].

PMID- 9949461
TI  - [Clinical problems of nonspecific aortic arteritis].
AB  - AIM: The insight into the causes of late diagnosis and analysis of clinical
      variants of nonspecific aortic arteritis (NSAA) including rare forms--with
      involvement of the kidneys, intestine, lungs, heart. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
      Physical, laboratory and immunological tests, angiography, ultrasound
      dopplerography were employed in examination of 65 NSAA patients observed in 1955
      1996. RESULTS: Accurate diagnosis of NSAA is made late (5 years from the first
      symptoms, on the average) when ischemic damage has become irreversible. The
      causes of such situation are outlined with special emphasis on NSAA variants
      running with affection of the lesser circulation vessels, coronary flow, kidneys
      (nephritis, amyloidosis), intestine (Crohn's disease, nonspecific ulcerative
      colitis). Men suffer more than women: they develop more frequently myocardial
      infarctions, thromboembolism. However, their arteries look better. Mechanisms of
      NSAA onset and progression may be related to defects in vascular endothelium,
      hyperproduction of antibodies to cardiolipin, antiendothelial antibodies.
      CONCLUSION: Management of NSAA meets with the problem of late diagnosis which
      means greater risk of severe vascular complications and deterioration of the
      prognosis.

PMID- 9949463
TI  - [Vasculitis and vasculopathies: common signs and special features (lecture)].

PMID- 9949462
TI  - [Treatment of patients with systemic vasculitis (review)].

PMID- 9949464
TI  - [Role of cryoglobulinemia in rheumatic diseases as illustrated by citizens of
      Moscow (resident population) and Tynda (migrants to Siberia)].
AB  - AIM: To determine occurrence of cryoglobulinemia (CGE) in residents of Moscow
      with various rheumatic diseases and healthy subjects, in Tynda population
      (migrants to Siberia) with rheumatic arthritis (RA) and healthy ones. MATERIALS
      AND METHODS: CG screening was performed according to the WHO recommendations
      among 243 rheumatic patients from Moscow, 500 healthy subjects living in Moscow,
      72 RA patients from Siberia and 1750 healthy Siberia migrants. RESULTS: CGE
      occurred more frequently among Moscovites with SLE and RA (28 and 19%,
      respectively). In RA Siberians CGE was present in 52%. In healthy Siberians CGE
      occurred in 8.4% of the examinees, in Moscovites it was extremely rare. In all
      the examinees CGE was associated with cryoglobulinemia syndrome. SLE and RA
      Moscovites had mixed CGE with monoclonal components (type II), RA Siberial
      migrants had CGE type II and III (mixed polyclonal). CONCLUSION: The study of CGE
      incidence in healthy migrants to Siberia with different duration of residence,
      measurements of metal ions in RA Siberians with and without CGE in the serum,
      blood cells and cryoprecipitates provided the authors with information for a new
      hypothesis of CGE origin and design of new policy of treating CGE.

PMID- 9949465
TI  - [Can local therapy of joint syndrome with Dolgit cream be used as an alternative
      to systemic nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs in rheumatic diseases?].
AB  - AIM: The trial of therapeutic effect of local therapy with dolgit cream of the
      joint syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthrosis (OA) and juvenile
      chronic arthritis (JCA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cream dolgit was used locally
      with assessment of its effect by pains at rest, movement, palpation, swelling in
      169, 98 and 102 patients with RA, OA and JCA, respectively. RESULTS: Subjective
      improvement was recorded in 75.6% of RA and 90% of OA patients, objective--in
      80.9 and 87.2%, respectively. The cream enables a 30-50% reduction in daily dose
      of nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs in 1/3 and 1/4 OA and RA patients,
      respectively. In JCA patients dolgit relieved symptoms of local inflammation. The
      response was growing in combination of dolgit with dimexide or magnetotherapy.
      Some of the OA patients experienced local skin itch which was not registered in
      children. No other side effects arose. CONCLUSION: Cream dolgit is effective in
      the treatment of joint syndrome in rheumatic patients, is well tolerated and may
      replace systemic nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs in some patients.

PMID- 9949467
TI  - [Osteoporosis in elderly patients suffering form rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 9949466
TI  - [Combined therapy of thrombocytopenia in SLE patient with antiphospholipid
      syndrome].

PMID- 9949468
TI  - [Clinico-biochemical effectiveness of emoxpine in patients with bacterial
      bronchial asthma].
AB  - AIM: To determine effectiveness of a synthetic antioxidant drug emoxipine in
      combined treatment of bacterial bronchial asthma (BBA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A
      total of 59 BBA patients were treated who had the disease for 1-14 years. The
      previous treatment consisted of bronchodilating, mucolytic and expectorant drugs.
      19 of them received i.m. adjuvant emoxipine for 10 days in daily dose 0.3 mg/kg
      as a 1% aqueous solution. Metabolic activity of alveolar macrophages (AM) was
      measured. RESULTS: Emoxipine-treated patients had reduced content of primary
      lipid peroxidation products and schiff bases in AM, catalase level in them
      returned to normal, blood levels of alpha-tocopherol went up. CONCLUSION:
      Emoxipine is beneficial for AM antioxidant defence system in BBA patients.

PMID- 9949469
TI  - [Pathogenetic aspects of hemolysis and changes of blood rheology in hereditary
      hemochromatosis].
AB  - AIM: To establish changes of and correlations between erythrodieresis and blood
      rheology in hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC). MATERIALS AND METHODS:
      Hemorheologic indices (asymptomatic blood and plasma viscosity, that of blood at
      low shift speed, red cell deformity and aggregation) were studied in 42 HHC
      patients and 23 healthy donors. The patients were divided into groups by
      homozygous (groups 1 and 2) or heterozygous (groups 3 and 4) allel genes and sex
      (females-groups 2 and 4, males-groups 1 and 3). RESULTS: All the patients had
      increased resistance of red cells in high percentage of their high-resistance
      populations (correlation index 0.8-0.9) due to destruction and elimination from
      the circulation. These changes were more pronounced in males, similar in homo-
      and heterozygotes. The presence in the peripheral blood of red cells with high
      resistance is associated with a 25-30% decrease in the red cell rigidity, in
      groups 1 and 3 this decrease reached 30-40%. To a certain degree high deformity
      and aggregation of red cells is explained by high plasma viscosity (correlation
      index 0.4). Plasma viscosity was high in all the patients of all groups.
      CONCLUSION: HHC runs with rejuvenascence of erythroid cells. Changed activity of
      erythrodieresis and damage to red cells at the level of microcirculation may be
      involved in iron metabolism disturbance and development of tissue hemosiderosis.

PMID- 9949470
TI  - [Chronic adrenal insufficiency in female with myeloblastic leukemia].

PMID- 9949471
TI  - [Clexane in prevention of acute venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism].

PMID- 9949472
TI  - [Cardiovascular disorders in chronic renal failure].

PMID- 9949473
TI  - [Current views on pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 9949475
TI  - Experimental Rhazya stricta toxicosis in rats.
AB  - Saudi Rhazya stricta is used in folkloric medicine for the treatment of various
      disorders. R stricta leaves were fed to male Wistar albino rats at 2%, 10% or 50%
      of the diet for 6 w. Decreased growth rate, soft feces, dullness, ruffled hair
      and hepatonephrotoxicity were observed in rats on 10% and 50% Rhazya diet. Fifty
      percent Rhazya was fatal to rats, and hepatorenal lesions at 3 and 6 w confirmed
      changes in serum enzyme activity and in total protein, albumin, bilirubin and
      urea concentrations. Serum copper was decreased and zinc was increased in rats on
      50% R stricta at 3 and 6 w, and were accompanied by anemia and neutropenia. Two
      percent Rhazya diet promoted growth as the plant leaves contained 28.3% crude
      protein and 16.6% crude fat and were not deficient in copper, zinc or iron.

PMID- 9949474
TI  - Toxic effects to mink of moniliformin extracted from Fusarium fujikuroi culture
      material.
AB  - Acute and subacute effects of i.p. exposure to moniliformin in mink (Mustela
      vison) were investigated. Moniliformin was extracted from Fusarium fujikuroi
      culture material containing 9,174 ppm moniliformin. An acute LD50 between 2.2 and
      2.8 mg moniliformin/kg bw was determined for 9-mo-old female mink. Subacute
      exposure to 1.5 to 3.2 mg total moniliformin/kg bw resulted in dilated (right
      side) hearts rounded in appearance. Statistical differences observed in serum
      chloride and albumin, amylase activities, spun packed-cell volumes, red blood
      cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations, and hematocrit values between control and
      moniliformin-dosed mink were considered biologically insignificant because values
      were within ranges reported for normal mink. Electron microscopic examination of
      the right ventricular free heart wall of mink receiving acute or subacute doses
      of moniliformin revealed ultrastructural damage to myofibers, mitochondria,
      nuclei, Z- and M-lines and sarcoplasmic reticula, and increased extracellular
      collagen deposition. These results showed that mink are among the more sensitive
      mammals to moniliformin and that this mycotoxin specifically targets and damages
      the hearts of mink.

PMID- 9949476
TI  - Fructose-1,6-diphosphate in the treatment of oleander toxicity in dogs.
AB  - Oleander, a flowering plant that grows in the Mediterranean and southern US,
      contains the cardiac glycosides oleandrin, digitoxigenin and nerium, which
      inhibit Na(+)-K+ ATPase. Clinical manifestations of oleander toxicity include
      gastrointestinal irritation, marked hyperkalemia, A-V block, ventricular
      dysrhythmia, and not uncommonly death. Because fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) has
      been shown to attenuate digoxin toxicity, we determined whether this agent would
      be effective in the treatment of the toxicity of these similarly-structured
      cardiac glycosides. Anesthetized dogs (n = 12) were infused i.v. for 5 min with
      40 mg oleander extract/kg and then 6 dogs randomly selected from that group
      received a 50 mg/kg bolus of 10% FDP followed by a constant infusion. The other
      control animals received the same dosage of 10% dextrose. Within 5 min after
      oleander administration, all dogs developed dysrhythmias. The FDP-treated animals
      reverted to sinus rhythm within 1.58 +/- 0.15 h; none in the control group
      returned to sinus rhythm. One control dog died at 3 h from ventricular
      fibrillation. Marked hyperkalemia was observed in the control group; plasma K+
      remained unchanged in the FDP group. Throughout the 4 h experimental period the
      FDP group maintained normal arterial pressures; in the control dextrose group,
      pressures were profoundly depressed. Cardiac output declined in both groups but
      remained higher in the FDP group. To determine the mechanism whereby FDP
      attenuates oleander toxicity, we studied the in vitro effect of FDP on oleander
      poisoned myocardial sarcolemmal membranes. At concentrations of 1 and 2 mg
      oleander inhibited Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity and addition of 500 microM FDP
      restored myocardial sarcolemmal Na(+)-K+ ATPase function. FDP effectively
      prevented hyperkalemia, reversed dysrhythmias and improved hemodynamics in vivo
      in this canine model of oleander toxicity and also restored sarcolemmal Na(+)-K+
      ATPase activity in vitro.

PMID- 9949477
TI  - Adsorption effects of activated charcoal on metaldehyde toxicity in rats.
AB  - Metaldehyde has been widely used as a main ingredient of solid fuel for making
      fire and slug baits in Japan. It is also marketed as a color flame tablet for
      party goods (ENGELFIRE). Consequently, children have been poisoned by eating such
      tablets which they mistook for candy. As a result, poison information center
      calls are increasing. According to POISINDEX, the treatment for metaldehyde
      poisoning consists in prevention of adsorption by activated charcoal, seizure
      control and airway protection. However, the optimum dose of charcoal is not
      established. We studied the quantitative adsorption capacity of activated
      charcoal for acute oral toxicity of metaldehyde in rats. In vivo toxicity and
      absorption tests for metaldehyde in Wister rats were done. The detoxifying effect
      of activated charcoal on metaldehyde toxicity and inhibition of metaldehyde
      absorption were investigated. Ratios used of po activated charcoal given 30 min
      after dosing to 400 mg metaldehyde/kg po were 5:1, 2:1, 1:1, 0.5:1. Serum
      metaldehyde was determined by gas chromatography in the control group (no
      charcoal) and the various experimental groups. Metaldehyde mortality was
      completely prevented at the ratio of 5:1. Gastrointestinal absorption of
      metaldehyde was reduced significantly by 45.3% in comparison to the control rats.
      There was no acetaldehyde detected in the serum of the metaldehyde-dosed rats.
      Metaldehyde poisoning may be prevented by early po administration of activated
      charcoal in a ratio of > 5:1 compared to metaldehyde. The theory that
      acetaldehyde is the primary toxic agent in metaldehyde poisoning should be re
      evaluated.

PMID- 9949478
TI  - Fifteen cases of atropine poisoning after honey ingestion.
AB  - Fifteen persons developed atropine poisoning following consumption of wasp honey.
      Clinical signs, antidotal response and the presence of Datura plants near the
      wasp nests supported that the intoxications were caused by ingestion of atropine
      contaminated honey. Two deaths occurred from heatstroke because of the poisoning
      and high environment temperatures and intensive physical activity.

PMID- 9949479
TI  - Non-fatal clozapine (LEPONEX) intoxication with toxicokinetic evaluation.
AB  - A 29-y-old male attempted suicide with 3000 mg clozapine, 150 mg zopiclone,
      alprazolam and unknown quantities of alcohol. He was admitted in a deep hypotonic
      coma with respiratory depression, inhalation pneumonia and vascular collapse.
      Symptomatic treatment involved mechanical ventilation, vascular filling and
      antibiotics. The patient was discharged from the Intensive Care Unit 72 h after
      the suicide attempt with no sequelae. To detect and quantify clozapine in plasma,
      high-pressure liquid chromatography showed a 4 h absorption phase and a peak
      serum concentration of 5200 ng/ml. Three successive elimination t1/2 values of
      38, 24 and 13 h were calculated.

PMID- 9949480
TI  - Forensic analysis of acute fatal poisonings in the southern districts of
      Trinidad.
AB  - A prospective autopsy study was undertaken at General Hospital in San Fernando,
      Trinidad, to analyze deaths that occurred from poisoning during 1996 and 1997.
      During that period 105 deaths occurred from acute poisoning. The major poisons
      used were: paraquat (80 cases), organophosphate/carbamate insecticides (10
      cases), and anti-psychotic drugs (6 cases). Much less frequently, battery acid,
      ETHREL[Ethephon; (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid], phenols, ethanol, kerosene and
      flavine were the agents of choice. Suicide accounted for 99 (94.29%) deaths. Of
      these, 44.44% occurred in the 10-29 y-age-group. Ingestion of paraquat seems
      almost always fatal, since the large volumes ingested make treatment universally
      ineffective. Aspiration pneumonitis (100% of cases), and pneumothorax with
      pneumomediastinum (18.75% of cases), were remarkable autopsy findings in those
      dying from paraquat poisoning, while asphyxia due to respiratory paralysis was
      the mode of death from pesticide ingestion. Efforts to prevent suicide by
      poisoning may be more useful than treatment protocols.

PMID- 9949481
TI  - Intoxication in cattle from Cestrum diurnum.
AB  - Twenty-six Holstein calves with clinical and pathological effects suggesting a
      toxic plant intoxication were studied. A view of the plants in the region and
      blood examination (hemogram, albumin, total protein, calcium and phosphorus) and
      determination of bone calcium were done. Five calves were slaughtered and
      pathological examinations were performed. Observed metabolic, pathological and
      clinical alterations were compatible with intoxication from Cestrum diurnum.

PMID- 9949482
TI  - Methamphetamine overdose: experience with six cases.
AB  - We describe experience with 6 cases of methamphetamine overdose. Because of its
      low cost, easy availability and longer duration of action compared to cocaine,
      methamphetamine has become the drug of choice in various communities. Marked
      change in mental status was observed in all of our patients. One patient had a
      myocardial infarction that responded well to thrombolytic therapy. Clinicians
      should be familiar with the medical effects and treatment of acute
      methamphetamine toxicity.

PMID- 9949483
TI  - Effect of aluminum phosphide on blood glucose level.
AB  - Aluminum phosphide (AlP), a poison extensively used as a grain fumigant and
      rodenticide, can cause an increase or decrease in blood glucose levels Both hypo-
      and hyper-glycemic effects of AlP can be attributed to the wide variety of
      changes in magnesium, calcium, phosphate, citrate and cortisol levels. These
      biochemical changes can act as active stimulatory or inhibitory modulators to
      enzymes and hormones that catalyze and regulate glucose metabolism. According to
      the type of biochemical changes, AlP can cause either elevation, decrease or no
      change in blood glucose levels. A case of AlP-caused death is reported.

PMID- 9949484
TI  - Retama raetam W: a poisonous plant of North Africa.
AB  - Poisoning of livestock by ingestion of Retama raetam W, a common plant in arid
      countries of North Africa, is reviewed.

PMID- 9949485
TI  - Toxicity and adverse reactions to some drugs in dromedary (Camelus dromedarius).
AB  - Dromedaries are particularly susceptible to toxicity from certain drugs at doses
      harmless to other ruminants. The pharmacokinetics of drugs may be different in
      dromedary and in cattle. This paper reviews the toxicity and adverse reactions of
      certain therapeutic agents to dromedary.

PMID- 9949486
TI  - Deer velvet antler: some unanswered questions on toxicology.
AB  - Deer velvet antler is marketed as a remedy for a wide range of disorders.
      However, there is a lack of information in the scientific literature to support
      these claims, and there is also a lack of information on potential toxicity.
      Areas of potential concern include drug residues, possible deleterious androgenic
      effects on fetuses and neonates and allergic reactions.

PMID- 9949487
TI  - Calls on reproductive and developmental toxicants to a regional poison center.
AB  - We sought to characterize calls received by a regional Poison Center concerning
      reproductive hazards and to assess the quality of the responses. Data was
      extracted for a 3 mo period from all calls regarding reproductive or in utero
      developmental effects. The Poison Center responses were evaluated based on
      completeness of information gathered and final recommendations made. Two hundred
      seventy-one calls regarding 335 products were received. Ninety-seven percent of
      the calls concerned exposures during a pregnancy. Fifty-nine percent of the
      substances of concern were drugs; 32% were other chemicals; 7% were biological
      agents. Eleven percent of the exposures were occupational; 22% were
      environmental. Thirty-four percent of the exposures had not yet occurred. Sixty
      two percent were characterized as no or minimal risk. For 13% of exposures,
      callers were advised to avoid initiating or continuing the exposure. Callers were
      referred to physicians or specialty services for 11% of exposures. The majority
      of responses were felt to be appropriate. Problematic areas included inconsistent
      advice and lack of referral. Discussion of exposures in light of other risk
      factors for and background rates of adverse reproductive outcomes, as well as
      more frequent referral to a specialist with expertise in reproductive toxicology
      was recommended.

PMID- 9949488
TI  - Trends in ipecac use: a survey of poison center staff.
AB  - The steady decline in syrup of ipecac used by poisoned victims from a peak of 15%
      in 1985 to 2.3% in 1995 is of concern. A survey compared syrup of ipecac use by
      CSPI, ABAT, and ABMT/ACMT members as the first response decontamination. The
      survey asked CSPI, ABAT, and ABMT/ACMT members their professional opinion on the
      use of syrup of ipecac in a potentially toxic ingestion. The scenario was "Your 2
      y-old child/grandchild accidentally ingested a potentially lethal dose of poison
      (i.e. colchicine) 5 min ago and you have syrup of ipecac at home. Would you
      consider using it?" Of the 171 CSPI's who responded, 34.5% favored the use of
      syrup of ipecac while 63% were against and 2.3% needed more information. Of the
      26 ABAT's who responded, 50% favored it's use, 42.3% would not and 7.6% needed
      more information. From the 55 ABMT/ACMT members who responded, 81.8% would use
      ipecac while 18.1% would not. ABMT/ACMT members favored the use of syrup of
      ipecac in this scenario (P < 0.005), while the CSPI's did not (P < 0.005), and
      the ABAT's did not have statistical difference. With CSPI's providing the
      treatment recommendations from poison centers, it is important that ABMT/ACMT
      members influence the recommended treatment protocols.

PMID- 9949489
TI  - Equine granulomatous enteritis linked with aluminum?

PMID- 9949490
TI  - [Detection of tetracycline- and erythromycin-resistant urogenital Mycoplasma
      strains using PCR].
AB  - The use of PCR made it possible to obtain data on the occurrence of genital
      mycoplasms in subjects with different pathological states of their urogenital
      system. The detection rate of U.urealyticum was 10.7-25.1% in males and 23.0
      61.9% in females. The detection rate of Mycoplasma hominis was 6.2-11.4% in males
      and 3.8-22.9% in females. The detection rate of M.genitalium was 6.2-29.6% in
      males and 4.7-30.0% in females. The study carried out by means of amplification
      test systems for the detection of genes controlling resistance to tetracycline
      (tet-M and tet-O) and to erythromycin (erm) demonstrated that U.urealyticum
      contained the tet-determinant in 60% of cases and M.hominis, in 57.14% of cases.
      As revealed with the use of PCR techniques, the occurrence of erythromycin
      resistant Ureaplasma strains was not high and was equal to 2.1%.

PMID- 9949491
TI  - [Experimental evaluation of the antibacterial activity of tomato pulp oil
      extract].
AB  - The antibacterial action of the oil extract obtained from tomato pulp has been
      studied with the use of museum strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922,
      Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 5638-P and Candida albicans ATCC 885-653, recommended
      for the determination of the antibacterial activity of medicinal preparations
      (State Pharmacopoeia, edition XI), as well as Enterobacter, Streptococcus,
      Staphylococcus, Klebsiella and Escherichia clinical strains. As revealed in this
      study, tomato pulp oil extract produces a wide-spectrum antibacterial effect on
      Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms and on fungi of the genus Candida.
      The study has determined that this antibacterial action is linked with the
      presence of a complex of organic acids (succinic, citric, tartaric, etc.).

PMID- 9949492
TI  - [Capsule formation in Pasteurella multocida, serovar A].
AB  - In this work the process of capsule formation in P.multocida bovine strain,
      serovar A, has been studied. The cultures were grown on liquid and solid nutrient
      media prepared on the basis of Hottinger hydrolysate and synthetic culture medium
      199. Extracellular material was detected by the method electron cytochemistry
      with ruthenium red and polycationic ferritin. As revealed by specific staining
      and labeling, P.multocida capsule of serovar A was found to contain material of
      the polysaccharide nature. But the capsular structures of obtained from agar
      grown and broth cultures were different. The capsular layer on the surface of
      cells grown in Hottinger's broth was found to be more pronounced.

PMID- 9949493
TI  - [Effect of the thermostable toxin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis on the oxidant
      and antioxidant activity of human blood leukocytes].
AB  - Y.pseudotuberculosis thermostable lethal toxin as shown to affect the functional
      activity of human blood leukocytes. Still neutrophils and monocytes exhibited
      different reaction to the introduction of the toxin. In monocytes, the toxin in a
      dose of 0.2 microgram/4 x 10(4) cells inhibited the formation of active forms of
      oxygen (AFO) and activated the production of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In
      neutrophils, the toxin affected only the activity of glutathione reductase,
      inducing a decrease in its activity. The toxin, depending on its dose, stimulated
      a rise in the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in mononuclear
      cells, but inhibited it in neutrophils. When the toxin was introduced together
      with indomethacin (10(-7) M), the level of cAMP increased in mononuclears and
      decreased in neutrophils in comparison with the action of the toxin, introduced
      alone. Indomethacin prevented the action of the toxin on mononuclears with
      respect to AFO, SOD and cAMP, which was indicative of the mediating role of
      prostaglandins in the mechanism of the action of the toxin.

PMID- 9949494
TI  - [Immunosuppressive action of lipopolysaccharide S- and R-forms of Salmonella and
      the role of lipid A].
AB  - The immunosuppressive activity of extracellular and water-phenol
      lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of S.minnesota in S- and R-forms, as well as their gel
      filtration, polysaccharide and lipid fractions, was studied in mouse experiments
      on the model of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). The study revealed that the
      extracellular LPS of S-form S.minnesota was capable of suppressing DTH with lipid
      A playing the decisive role in this immunosuppressive activity. The extracellular
      LPS of Reform S.minnesota did not possess the capacity for immunosuppression, but
      acquired it after redox treatment.

PMID- 9949495
TI  - [Effect of technogenic pollution on bacterial biocenoses of a water reservoir].
AB  - The industrial pollution of a water reservoir (the Volga), both indirect and
      direct, not exceeding the highest admissible level, has been shown to lead to the
      transformation of water microbial associations. The total amount of bacteria
      increases simultaneously with the decrease of their specific diversity, the ratio
      of the members of different microbiocenoses changes towards an increase in the
      proportion of bacteria, resistant to stress influences, which may lead to the
      growth of the epidemic danger of the polluted areas of the water reservoir.

PMID- 9949496
TI  - [Interactions between bacteria of the genus Yersinia in a water environment].
AB  - Under the conditions of a prolonged experiment in sterile water at 4-6 degrees
      with no outside supply of any substances pathogenic Y.pseudotuberculosis,
      Y.enterocolitica and other Yersinia species in pure and binary cultures remained
      viable for the period of 12-24 months (the term of observation). In monocultures,
      all Yersinia actually returned to their initial amounts. In associations with
      Y.enterocolitica O:3, Y.frederiksenii and Y.intermedia, a delay in the lag-phase
      (1-2 weeks) was observed in Y.pseudotuberculosis, while in the other pair they
      stimulated the lag- and log-phase in Y.enterocolitica O:8. In other associations,
      the growth of different cultures was balanced; 12 and 24 months later their
      amount characteristics exceeded the initial ones by 2-4.9 and 1-3.5 orders
      respectively. The possibility of interaction with the signs of protocooperation
      between different Yersinia cells under natural conditions is discussed.

PMID- 9949497
TI  - [Analysis of Vibrio cholerae hemolysins using monolayer continuous cell
      cultures].
AB  - The comparative study of the preparations of V.cholerae hemolysins of different
      serovars with the use of continuous cell lines CHO-K1, Vero, Hela, L-929 was
      carried out. The preparations of hemolysins isolated from such strains as
      V.cholerae 569B, V.eltor 9949, V.cholerae O-mut 461/67-34 differed in their
      biological activity on experimental animal models and had different cytotoxic
      activity. The preparations exhibiting no activity when tested in vivo (V.cholerae
      and V.eltor hemolysins) were cetotoxins, but in lower doses (1000 and 100 times
      respectively) than the preparation of V.cholerae O-mut hemolysin, active in vivo.
      Hemolysins induced the formation of anticytotoxic antibodies in low titers.

PMID- 9949498
TI  - [Persistence factors in the biological characterization of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae].
AB  - The study revealed the existence of differences between various representatives
      of the genus Neisseria gonorrhoeae, as well as intraspecific variations of
      N.gonorrhoeae by the spectrum of biological characteristics, including
      antilusozyme and anticomplement activity and resistance to the bactericidal
      action of blood serum and to the preparation of human leukocyte interferon. In
      contrast to other Neisseria species, all N.gonorrhoeae were characterized by a
      high level of anticomplement activity and resistance to the host's bactericidal
      systems, while a high level of antilysozyme activity, significantly exceeding
      that of gonococci, was found to be characteristics of other species of the genus
      Neisseriaceae. Within the species N.gonorrhoeae, the properties under study were
      associated into a single factor, closely correlated to the duration of the
      infectious process, which served as the basis for the development of a
      mathematical algorithm for the identification of persisting gonococcal strains.

PMID- 9949499
TI  - [The main trends in the improvement of the activity of plague control
      institutions in the prevention of quarantine infections].

PMID- 9949500
TI  - [Organization and tactics of anti-epidemic measures under conditions of natural
      disasters (as exemplified by the earthquake of 1988 in Armenia)].

PMID- 9949501
TI  - [Legal basis of vaccine prophylaxis in Russia].

PMID- 9949502
TI  - [Vaccine prophylaxis of measles, rubella and epidemic parotitis].

PMID- 9949503
TI  - [Proteins of the complement system in normergy and anergy on mycobacterial
      antigens].
AB  - The influence of the immunization of mice with different doses of BCG
      (Mycobacterium bovis) vaccine strain on the state of their complement system was
      studied. The presence of essential differences in the functional activity of
      proteins in the development of the state of anergy and in normal immune response
      was established. The animals with the opposite sensitivity to M.bovis were found
      to have not only initially different levels of the activity of complement
      proteins, but also different variants of the reaction of their complement system
      in response to the injection of BCG vaccine. The state of anergy was
      characterized by an increase in the total activity of the classical activation
      path and simultaneously by the tendency to a decrease in functionally active
      molecules of some components of the classical path. The states of anergy and
      normal response differed in the links and character of relationships between
      components. Thus the functional state of the complement system was closely linked
      with the type of immunobiological processes in the cell element of immunity.

PMID- 9949504
TI  - [Comparative analysis of general and local immunoreactivity in patients with
      chronic vulvovaginitis of mixed etiology].
AB  - The clinical and pathogenetic importance of local immunity in patients with
      chronic vulvovaginitis (CVV) caused by fungi of the genus Candida or by mixed
      microflora was studied. 73 patients were examined during the period of
      exacerbation and 11 patients, at the phase of the remission of the disease. The
      levels of interferon, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 8 and tumor necrosis factor
      alpha in vaginal washings (VW) were determined for the evaluation of local
      reactiveness and the subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes
      was established. Patients with CVV in the phases of exacerbation and remission
      were found to have essential differences in the content of cytokines in VW, while
      the results obtained in the groups of patients at the stage of remission and
      control subjects were found to be highly similar.

PMID- 9949506
TI  - [Use of specific antibodies, labeled with colloidal gold particles, for the
      detection of Brucella antigens using dot-immunoassay].
AB  - The method of dot immunoassay with the use specific antigens, labeled with
      colloidal gold particles, for the detection of brucellar antigens was developed
      and tested under laboratory and field conditions. In this work soluble antigens
      isolated from different Brucella species and corpuscular antigens (13 strains
      belonging to 7 species of the genus Brucella, most pathogenic for humans and
      animals in the S- and R-forms) were used. The method was tested in the study of
      pathological material obtained from sick animals and humans in a farm with
      unfavorable situation for brucellosis in the Irkutsk Region. The sensitivity of
      the proposed assay system was found to be high and constituted 10 pg/ml to 1
      ng/ml for soluble brucellar antigens and 200 CFU/ml to 13.5 x 10(6) CFU/ml for
      corpuscular antigens of Brucella S- and R-forms. The specificity of the method
      was tested with the use of 10 heterologous microorganisms. False positive results
      were observed only with Yersinia enterocolitica 0:9 at a concentration of 1 x
      10(6) CFU/ml due to similarity of their polysaccharide-containing surface
      antigens. The newly developed dot immunoassay is simple for use, rapid and does
      not require expensive reagents and equipment.

PMID- 9949505
TI  - [Specificity of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to group A Streptococcus
      polysaccharide and search for cross reactions with mammalian tissues].
AB  - A panel of monoclonal antibodies (McAb) to different determinants of group A
      Streptococcus polysaccharide (A-PS) has been studied. As revealed in this study,
      A-PS contains at least 4 determinants, common with different epidermal antigens.
      McAb, cross-reacting (CR) with different mammalian tissue antigens, have not been
      found to be group-specific. Experiments on the inhibition of the immunoenzyme
      reaction of McAb with A-PS indicate that CR determinants include rhamnose and
      beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine of rhamnose alone. In addition, we have confirmed our
      earlier suggestion that group-specific high-affinity precipitating antibodies
      acted on different sites of A-PS. Contrary to earlier opinions, antibodies to
      group-specific determinants of A-PS have been found not to react with epidermal
      antigens.

PMID- 9949507
TI  - [Safety of bacteria of the genus Bacillus, forming the base of some probiotics].
AB  - The study of the safety of bacillary strains forming the base of new probiotics
      (biosporin and subalin) was made. For control, the safety of Bacillus sp. IP5832
      (the base of the preparation of bactisubtil) was studied. The results obtained in
      this investigation demonstrated that the strains contained in biosporin and
      subalin were safe when injected intravenously and intraperitoneally into animals
      in dose of 5 x 10(9) cells per 0.5 ml of physiological saline. The introduction
      of Bacillus sp. IP5832 in the same dose produced 100% lethal effect.

PMID- 9949508
TI  - [Importance of the eradication of the focus of infection and the synchronized
      correction of disturbed intestinal microflora in shigellosis patients].
AB  - The dynamic study of the characteristics of serum specific Shigella endotoxinemia
      was carried out in 60 patients with S.flexneri infection by EIA techniques. In
      addition, the level of Re-glycolipid in the blood of patients was determined in
      EIA with the use of Re-antibodies with the simultaneous study of the rectal
      microbiocenosis. The degree of dysbiotic disturbances in the intestine was found
      to be directly related to the levels of LPS of S.flexneri 2a O-antigens and Re
      glycolipid of Gram-negative bacteria, circulating in the blood. In the presence
      of decompensation disturbances of intestinal microflora, delayed Shigella
      elimination was observed in 15% of the patients and the prolongation of clinical
      manifestions, in 79.2% of the patients. This investigation demonstrated the
      expediency of complex therapy with the use of the probiotic bifidumbacterin
      forte, containing bifidobacteria adsorbed on activated carbon and capable of
      decreasing the level of endotoxinemia and correcting damaged microbiocenosis.

PMID- 9949509
TI  - [Viral hepatitis delta in the republic of Belarus].
AB  - 26,740 blood donors and persons of high risk groups with respect to HBV
      infection, residing in different regions of Belarus, were examined for the
      presence of HBsAg in 1983-1997. Of these, 1372 persons (5.1%) were found to have
      HBsAg, and out of 1081 HBsAg-positive persons anti-HDV antibodies (Ab) were
      detected in 96 persons (8.9%). In spite of a decrease in acute virus hepatitis B
      morbidity and in HBsAg carriership, the occurrence of anti-HBV Ab remained stable
      during the period of 16 years and was equal, on the average, about 4% among
      asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. Patients having tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis,
      diabetes mellitus, hematological diseases, chronic hepatitides and cirrhosis of
      the liver were an important reservoir of HBV and HDV infections for regions with
      the low level of the spread of HBV. A decrease in the detection rate of anti-HDV
      Ab in patients with cirrhosis of the liver from 47.6% to 15.4% was noted. In 1991
      1997 a decrease in the detection rate of anti-HDV Ab in patients with chronic
      hepatic lesions in comparison with 1983-1990 was observed, and in the age group
      older than 50 years this decrease was from 33.3% to 8.3%. This difference was
      particularly pronounces in patients with cirrhosis of the liver: 53.9% and 7.7%
      respectively.

PMID- 9949510
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the level of diphtheria antitoxin in blood serum using
      four methods].

PMID- 9949511
TI  - [Biological tests for the differentiation of Leptospira species].

PMID- 9949512
TI  - [Occurrence of clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae inactivating secretory
      IgA].

PMID- 9949513
TI  - [Effect of hydroxylamine hydrochloride on the bacterium Shigella dysenteriae 1
      and antigens isolated from them].

PMID- 9949514
TI  - [Fraction composition and immunochemical properties of acellular pertussis
      vaccine].

PMID- 9949515
TI  - [Practical use of adapted Salmonella bacteriophage for the treatment and
      prevention of nosocomial infections].

PMID- 9949516
TI  - [Comparative capacity of human mononuclear phagocytes loaded with small doses of
      antigen to bind it and to induce a lymphocyte proliferative response].

PMID- 9949517
TI  - [Modern views on the molecular biological foundations of the pathogenesis of
      Shigella infections].

PMID- 9949518
TI  - [Mechanisms of the uropathogenicity of bacteria].

PMID- 9949519
TI  - [Protein antigens of Branhamella (Moraxella) catarrhalis and Neisseria
      meningitidis].

PMID- 9949520
TI  - [Yeast-like fungi of the genus malassezia (Pityrosporum) and their role in human
      pathology].

PMID- 9949521
TI  - [Effect of pectin on the microflora of the gastro-intestinal tract].

PMID- 9949522
TI  - [Microbiologic and population-genetic aspects of the pathogenicity of bacteria].

PMID- 9949524
TI  - [An outbreak of hospital salmonellosis].

PMID- 9949523
TI  - [A rare epidemic outbreak of acute intestinal infections among adults (Part 1)].

PMID- 9949525
TI  - [A rare epidemic outbreak of acute intestinal infections among adults (Part 2)].

PMID- 9949526
TI  - [Festschrift in honor of Leonid Grigor'evich Voronin (1908-1983)].

PMID- 9949527
TI  - [The specific nature of the color and brightness components of the human visual
      evoked potential].
AB  - In order to gain an insight into the electrophysiological cortical mechanisms of
      color discrimination and to compare the results with psychophysiological data
      summarized in the previous publications as the spherical model of color
      discrimination a problem was specified to identify color and brightness
      components of human evoked potentials. The experiments were carried out with
      alternating pairs of light flashes constituted of five colors (white and four
      main colors; red, blue, yellow, and green). Each of the light stimuli varied by
      seven brightness levels. Color and brightness components (N87 and P120,
      respectively) were reasonably reliably detected in all cases of substitution of
      stimuli with identical or different spectra. However, the latency and amplitude
      analysis of N87 and P120 components in these cases showed that N87 reflects not
      only color but also brightness information. It makes it possible to draw on the
      analogy between the N87 as one of the earliest components and N1 in primate
      cortical evoked potential and suggest that these components reflect the activity
      of cells receiving information directly from the lateral geniculate body. This
      process can be considered as the first stage of cortical analysis of chromatic
      and achromatic light characteristics. The brightness component P120, probably,
      represents the activity of cortical cells related to the analysis of nonchromatic
      stimuli characteristics, such as form, movement, orientation, etc. These
      characteristics are also based on luminance gradients and contrasts, however, in
      contrast to N87, these characteristics are not directly related with brightness
      of light.

PMID- 9949528
TI  - [The characteristics of the color perceptive space in protanomals].
AB  - Color vision of three protanomal subjects was studied by means of direct paired
      comparison technique using 25 colors with different brightness. It was shown that
      the characteristics of their color vision could be completely and adequately
      described in the frames of the four-dimensional spherical model of color
      perception. The spatial axes could be identified as the two color-opponent
      mechanisms (red-green and blue-yellow) and the two achromatic mechanisms
      (brightness and darkness). Deformation of the color axes in protanomals (as
      compared with the normal trichromatics) was demonstrated in the "red" and
      "yellow" spectral region. The visual disturbance in protanomal subjects involves
      not only color but also achromatic mechanisms. This is manifested in the a
      deformation of perceptual brightness scale. In comparison with normal
      trichromatic subjects, the protanomals perceive the red and adjacent colors as
      achromatic while green, yellow-green, and orange as more bright but low-saturated
      colors.

PMID- 9949529
TI  - [Human visual evoked potentials during the recognition of facial emotional
      expression].
AB  - Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded in 22 right-handed healthy subjects
      in the occipital, parietal, central, frontal and posterotemporal cortical areas
      during recognition and passive viewing of positive, negative, and neutral
      emotional facial expression. Peak latencies of N90, P150, and N180 VEP components
      appeared to be significantly shorter in response to the negative emotional
      expression than during administration of other facial stimuli. The differences
      were observed both during active recognition and passive viewing. Correct
      recognition was characterized by involvement of both hemispheres and high level
      of interhemispheric correlation between the peak latencies of P150 in the
      posterotemporal and of N180 in the frontal areas. It is suggested that the facial
      expressions are primarily recognized at the subthreshold level with participation
      of the posterotemporal areas. The role of the frontal areas is discussed in the
      completion of this process and making the correct decision about the image.

PMID- 9949530
TI  - [Visual evoked potentials to illusory contours (Kanizsa's square)].
AB  - Visual evoked potentials (VEP) were studied in 10 subjects to presentation of
      illusory Kanizsa's square and control visual stimulus with similar spatial
      organization, which did not produce a visual illusion. The VEPs to the applied
      stimuli were expressed in the occipital, parietal, and inferiotemporal areas. It
      was shown that during presentation of the illusory configuration the amplitude of
      VEP variation between the N180 and P230 peaks was higher and the N300 latency
      lower than during presentation of stimuli with real configuration. The difference
      between VEPs in amplitude were observed in the left and right occipital and left
      inferiotemporal areas, and differences in latency were pronounced in the left
      occipital derivation. It is suggested that there exist two contour-encoding
      regions in the visual system which participate in different kinds of the visual
      analysis. First, associative visual fields which encode the information on single
      sings and their complexes and inferiotemporal fields which compare the sensory
      and memory codes.

PMID- 9949531
TI  - [The temporal consistency of phasic conversions in the basic frequency components
      of the EEG].
AB  - The study is dedicated to the problem of piecewise description of stationary
      segments of the EEG basic rhythms. Temporal consistency was studied of the
      moments of sharp changes in characteristics of the individual basic EEG frequency
      components within the same realization. In 6 human subjects (in the state of
      quiet wakefulness with eyes closed) a rather high number was shown of nonrandom
      paired coincidences of the moments of sharp changes in characteristics of 5 EEG
      basic rhythms. Such between-component consistency was most expressed for a
      combination of alpha2-beta1 frequency ranges. The main topographic feature of
      this phenomenon was a substantial (2-4 times) increase in the indices of between
      frequency consistency from the occipital to frontal areas. The character of
      changes in these indices was closely the same in 10 paired combinations of the
      EEG frequency bands, at least in the frontal and central derivations. The
      obtained results suggest the existence of a special operational synchrony of the
      EEG basic rhythms. In contrast to the classical phase-frequency synchronization,
      this kind of synchrony reflects the temporal consistency of quasistationary modes
      of brain activity.

PMID- 9949532
TI  - [The neurophysiological aspects of the recurrent functioning of the "hidden"
      variables of the speech apparatus].
AB  - The "hidden" recurrent structure is established of temporal organization of
      acoustic speech signal. Such "hidden" recurrence can be revealed only due to
      experimentally established existence of two qualitatively different modes in the
      temporal organization of stutterers' speech. A theoretical model of speech
      generation is developed with a logistical property of "hidden" parameters in
      order to explain this phenomenon. This model is stated in terms of chaotic
      dynamics and is based on the neurophysiological striopallidal mechanisms which
      are realized under conditions of polysensory afferent impulsation. The effects of
      speech memory and actualization of its traces are explained on the basis of our
      earlier concept of perception of the rhythmical speech sequence. This concept
      allowed us to discuss the experimentally observed phenomenon of inhibitory
      modulation under conditions of both ipsi- and contralateral global negative
      feedback.

PMID- 9949533
TI  - [The retrieval of attention-dependent long-term memory traces].
AB  - Phenomenon of memory dissociation is proposed as a paradigm for studying the
      retrieval processes of the long-term memory. The memory-dissociated states of
      brain are produced by external influence and result in selective reversible
      disturbances of the retrieval processes without substantial changes in perception
      and storage of new information. Analysis of dissociated states induced by
      pharmacological influences has led us to the following conclusions: 1) the
      reversible failures of the retrieval processes are usual for the attention
      dependent form of long-term memory, 2) hippocampus is the key structure in brain
      mechanisms that realize the engram selection during memory retrieval, 3) the
      central cholinergic and GABAergic systems regulate the retrieval of information,
      4) steady disturbances of retrieval of the long-term attention-dependent memory
      are accompanied by strongly pronounced changes in hippocampal cells including
      those at the membrane and genomic levels.

PMID- 9949534
TI  - [The cytochemical indices of the sensorimotor cortex neurons in rats differing in
      their trainability in a food-acquiring habit].
AB  - Comparative study of protein metabolism in neurons of layers III and V of the
      sensorimotor cortex was carried out in two groups of Wistar rats, which differed
      in learning results: "bad" (60% of population) and "good" learners (40%). It was
      found out that the associative neurons (layer III) were most sensitive to
      cognitive load. In "bad" learners, an increase in nuclear and cytoplasmic
      dimensions and rise in protein concentration and content took place in these
      neurons, while in the efferent neurons (layer V) the protein content increased
      only in the cytoplasm. In "good" learners, the cognitive load led to a decrease
      in all the cytochemical parameters in neurons of the layer III while in the
      neurons of the layer V the content and concentration of proteins increased both
      in nuclei and cytoplasm. It is suggested that the character of protein metabolism
      changes produced by information load can be considered as a reflection of
      individual peculiarities of cognitive activity, and the extent of cytochemical
      changes as a reflection of complicity of a cognitive task.

PMID- 9949535
TI  - [Teaching hooded crows (Corvus cornix L.) the abstract rule of choice by the
      matching/oddity of the sample].
AB  - Six hooded crows (Corvus cornix) were trained in alternative simultaneous
      matching-to-sample and oddity-from-sample tasks with visual stimuli. Bird's
      ability to acquire the abstract same/different concept was investigated. For this
      purpose three stimulus sets of the following categories were used: color (black
      and white cards), shape (Arabic numerals "1" and "2"), and numerousness
      (heterogeneous arrays of 1 or 2 elements). These three sets were used for
      training successively and repeatedly; each time the stimulus set was changed for
      the next one after the criterion (80% correct or better over 30 successive
      trials) was reached with the previous one. The training procedure was repeated
      until the criterion could be reached for each of the three stimulus sets within
      the initial 30-50 trials. After that, the abstractness of the rule acquired by
      birds was tested. First, the "partial" transfer tests were conducted, which
      consisted in presentation of novel stimuli with familiar ones (numerals and
      arrays in the range from 1 to 4). At the final stage, only sets of novel numerals
      and arrays in the range from 5 to 8 were presented. The crows demonstrated
      successful transfer in all of these tests, including the test with absolutely
      novel stimuli (in the first 24 presentations: min 75.0%, p < 0.02; max 83.3%, p <
      0.01). The level of correct choices did not differ from the baseline (p > 0.05).
      This allows us to conclude that birds are capable for formation of the abstract
      same/different concept.

PMID- 9949536
TI  - [The dynamics of the integral parameters of orienting-exploratory and searching
      behaviors in rats].
AB  - Multiple five-day testing of rats in the open field and elevated plus-maze
      revealed a regressive dynamics of the integral characteristics of the exploratory
      behavior. The integral quantitative indices of searching activity in Henderson's
      test of extrapolation deliverance (modified by N. A. Bondarenko) and in active
      shock avoidance in N. R. Grigor'ev's problem box, on the contrary, displayed a
      progressive dynamics, like quantitative characteristics of cognitive activity. We
      established the differences between the determinants and control mechanisms of
      exploratory behavior and searching activity. This allowed us to differentiate
      these forms of behavior as different functional states.

PMID- 9949537
TI  - [The mechanism of movement instrumental learning in a Hopfield environment in the
      feline motor cortex].
AB  - A model of the neuronal processes in the motor cortex is proposed, which provides
      the mechanism for instrumentalization (voluntary reproduction) of movements
      primarily evoked by stimulation of the parietal cortex. The main propositions of
      the model are as follows: the late NMDA-dependent response of the motor cortex
      neurons to stimulation of the parietal cortex reflects the discharges in the
      recurrent collaterals of the pyramidal cell axons; learning processes in the
      motor cortex are based on the long-term potentiation of the efficiency of the
      recurrent collaterals; the Hopfield's theory of neuronal nets is applied to the
      processes of motor learning in the cortex. The movement instrumentalization is
      viewed as the stable state formation in the collaterally linked neuronal
      structure; the voluntary reproduction of the previously learned movement in
      considered as the process of transition of the neuronal structure into the stable
      state. The data on acetylcholine and dopamine modulatory influences on the
      reactions of motor cortex neurons are discussed.

PMID- 9949538
TI  - [Reciprocal suppression of the AMPA and NMDA components of the excitatory
      postsynaptic potentials in the CA1 area of the rat hippocampus in vitro].
AB  - The interaction between N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)- and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5
      methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-dependent components of excitatory
      postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) was studied in rat hippocampal slices. Responses
      evoked by stimulation of the collateral commissural fibers were recorded in the
      radial layer of the CA1 area. Contribution of the NMDA component was changed by
      application of solutions with different concentrations of magnesium. In solutions
      with low magnesium concentration, when both AMPA and NMDA components contribute
      significantly to EPSP, suppression of one of the components by application of
      selective antagonist resulted in increase in the area of another component. Thus,
      the sum of pharmacologically isolated AMPA and NMDA components was significantly
      higher than the control EPSP. For example, at 0.1 mM of magnesium in the
      extracellular solution the sum of the components was 340 +/- 120% of the control
      EPSP (p < 0.01, N = 6). The data imply that under the control conditions the EPSP
      components suppress each other. The mutual suppression of the AMPA and NMDA
      component of the EPSP can be an important factor which influences the
      conductivity and plastic properties of central glutamatergic synaptic pathways.

PMID- 9949539
TI  - [The effect of atropine on the ultrastructural postsynaptic plasticity of the
      associative type in the rat neocortex].
AB  - The effect of muscarinic antagonist atropine on thickness of postsynaptic density
      of axodendritic synapses was studied in the sensorimotor region of the brain
      cortex of rats during paired repeated microapplication of glutamate and
      acetylcholine. In the applied conditioning paradigm atropine significantly
      decreased morphological dimensions of the postsynaptic density, however, the
      control values were not reached. This finding testifies to participation of both
      muscarinic and nicotinic cholinoreceptors in associative postsynaptic plasticity.

PMID- 9949540
TI  - [Electrode implantation for the recording of brain electrical activity causes
      long-term changes in rat behavior].
AB  - Comparative evaluation was carried out of behavior of rats with implanted brain
      electrodes and animals without electrodes. In rats with implanted electrodes the
      anxiety-phobic level was increased, open-field locomotor activity and rearings
      were decreased, novelty reactions on illumination changes and zoosocial
      interactions were deranged. The behavior remained altered for at least 3 weeks
      after surgery.

PMID- 9949541
TI  - [Motor and sensory asymmetry in rabbits].
AB  - The obtained results testify to the existence of motor asymmetry in rabbit
      population: right turns in free behavior dominated in 58% of animals (31 rabbits
      were examined), left turns dominated in 23%. Sensory asymmetry (preference of a
      certain eye in exploratory activity) was found in a small number of animals,
      right eyes dominated in 23% of them, and left eyes in 10%.

PMID- 9949543
TI  - Is there a borderline between reconstructive and aesthetic surgery?
AB  - Plastic and reconstructive surgery is frequently mistaken for aesthetic and
      cosmetic surgery. At present, plastic surgery is a very broad discipline in which
      aesthetic surgery is an integral part. The majority of reconstructive operations,
      in particular on the body surface, include an aesthetic component. Their purpose
      is not only the restoration of function but also the achievement of optimal
      aesthetic results. The authors demonstrate examples on the vague borderline
      between functional and aesthetic reconstruction and present their views on the
      medical indication for these operations.

PMID- 9949542
TI  - [Spatially selective neurons of the prefrontal cortex of monkeys in delayed
      reaction to stimulus approach/removal].
AB  - The neurons which selectively reacted to approaching vs. removal of the visual
      stimulus were described. These selective properties were shown to be fixed in the
      operative memory.

PMID- 9949544
TI  - Surgical treatment of ankyloses of the temporomandibular joint in children.
AB  - Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint leads in children to serious disorders
      such as loss of dentition, growth retardation of the lower jaw, facial asymmetry
      etc. During the period from 1993 till 1997 we treated 12 children incl. eight who
      had unilateral and four bilateral ankylosis. In six patients, after elimination
      of the ankylosis, reconstruction of the head was made with a total of nine
      costochondral grafts. In entire all patients the temporal muscle or a silicone
      plate was interposed between the skull base and mandible. Postoperative
      complications were minimal. Surgical treatment, which is only half of the issue
      of treatment, must be followed by long-term careful rehabilitation. The results
      which were achieved contributed in a significant way to a more favourable further
      development of the children.

PMID- 9949545
TI  - Bacteriological monitoring in the Prague Burns Center.
AB  - The microbiological aspect of the prevention of nosocomial infections at the Burn
      Center consists primarily in the surveillance of bacterial flora and its
      antibiotical resistance. The Prague Burn Center is regularly monitoring the
      microbial flora. Patients are examined not only by the conventional methods of
      taking swabs of burned sites, but also by printing method, which allows a
      semiquantitative assessment of the colonization of burned areas. Simultaneously,
      investigation of bacterial contamination in the external environment of the
      department is carried out and the colonization of nursing staff is investigated.
      In all isolated strains the sensitivity to antibiotics is examined; this is
      significant from the point of view of current knowledge about therapeutic
      possibilities and for the antibiotic policy. The typing of bacterial strains
      makes possible to determine their epidemiological markers, and thus to
      investigate their spread within the department. The most frequent isolate is S.
      aureus and the prevalence of MRSA is relatively high. Among gramnegative rods the
      strains of P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae are most often isolated.
      Various typing methods revealed endemic spread of particular strains of rarely
      isolated species (E. agglomerans, S. marcescens, A. baumannii, etc.).

PMID- 9949546
TI  - Congenital contracture of the superficial flexor of the hand.
AB  - The authors describe a case of an inborn contracture of the superficial flexors
      of the three-phalangeal fingers in a 15-year-old girl and treatment of the
      condition. For clinical purposes a classification on congenital deformities in
      the proximal part of the flexor complex was proposed in which the described case
      is included. The classification was derived from the ontogenetic development of
      flexor tendons. There are three types of deformities: S1--the muscular belly of
      the superficial flexor of the fingers is only in the palm; S2--the muscle is
      attached to the area between the wrist and medial epicondyle; S3--the palmaris
      longus of the fingers is on the medial epicondyle, however the m. palmaris longus
      is lacking; Pl-1 the superficial flexor exists only in the form of a proximal
      muscular belly of varying length; Pl-2--the palmaris longus is on the wrist and
      the insertion tendon may be thinner than on the contralateral side. The described
      contracture deformity was classified as type S2.

PMID- 9949547
TI  - Environmental pollution and the occurrence of congenital defects in a 15-year
      period in a south Moravian district.
AB  - We have made a simple 15-year retrospective epidemiological study of a part of
      South Moravia, district Breclav, on the basis of genetic documentation of 245
      congenital defects and 28 spontaneous abortions. The whole area was worked up by
      computer-geographical methods, and the occurrence of congenital defects was
      compared both in areas of severe chronic air pollution and in less contamined
      areas. There were three municipal areas, Mikulov, Breclav-Postorna, Velke
      Bilovice and their surroundings, in which an increased number of congenital
      defects was recorded. In the municipal area of Breclav-Postorna there was also a
      greater occurrence of organic solvents and phosphoric acid and a significantly
      higher occurrence of spontaneous abortions and at the same time a higher
      occurrence of heart defects.

PMID- 9949548
TI  - Roentgencephalometric analysis of the skulls of the Luxemburgs, the second
      Bohemian Royal Dynasty.
AB  - X-ray films of the skull of the king and emperor Charles IV and his four wives
      and two sons were made under standard conditions with the mandibles fixed in a
      centric occlusion. The results of roentgenocephalometric analysis were compared
      with norms valid for the contemporary Czech population. Consistent with the
      somatic condition of Charles IV, the findings indicate an above-average large
      face with the usual anteriorotational developmental type. The facial skeleton is
      structurally harmonious, but the sagittal intermaxillary relations belong into
      skeletal class II with a relatively retruded lower jaw in relation to the upper
      one. This is associated with a greater maxillary overjet of the upper incisors.
      The disharmony was caused by a fracture of the mandibular condyles.
      Reconstruction of the condition before the injury revealed an originally normal
      anteroposterior relationship of the jaws (skeletal class I) and occlusion of the
      incisors. As to the shape of the cranium, Charles IV's wives differ in basic
      features. In two, for different reasons, we find skeletal class II (retrogenia),
      in one skeletal class III (progenia) and only in Elizabeth of Pomerania, with
      marked flattening of the cranial base and posteriorotation of the face are the
      anteroposterior relations of the two jaws normal (skeletal class I). Wenceslas IV
      differs from his parents Charles IV and Anne of Svidnic by a flat cranial base
      which pushes the lower jaw backwards, however, it does not cause its
      posteriorotation; we find, similarly as in the father and mother, an
      anteriorotational growth type of the face. In the other basic parameters of the
      cranium there are no marked differences between son and parents. In evaluating
      the similarity of the facial structure of John of Gorlitz to that of his parents,
      disagreement is caused by the flat cranial base of the mother Elizabeth of
      Pomerania associated with posteriorotation of the face. In the son we find,
      conversely, an even more marked anteriorotation than in the father and also other
      parameters of the facial configuration indicating plausible agreement with the
      findings in Charles IV. The curving of the cranial base has an impact on the
      shape of the whole cranium, but the results indicate that the heritability of the
      rotational growth type of face and the degree of cranial base curvature probably
      is not very marked.

PMID- 9949549
TI  - Effects of caffeine on NMDA-evoked 45Ca2+ release in the rate dentate gyrus in
      vivo.
AB  - Caffeine in 10(-2) M concentration per se activates ryanodine receptors (RyR) in
      vitro, thereby increasing the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). In
      general opinion, caffeine applied in vivo in much lower doses does not affect
      [Ca2+]i in neurones. However, it was recently demonstrated that caffeine in low
      concentrations in vitro potentiates evoked Ca2+ release in neurones via RyR.
      Microdialysis of the rat dentate gyrus (DG), combined with measurement of 45Ca2+
      efflux, has been used in our laboratory to study in vivo NMDA-evoked calcium
      induced calcium release (CICR) via RyR. The aim of the present microdialysis
      study was to investigate in vivo effects of caffeine, applied systemically in a
      pharmacologically-relevant dose, and locally in the dialysis medium in very high
      concentration, on the NMDA-evoked CICR in DG neurones. To ensure steady brain
      concentration of caffeine, its systemic (i.p.) administration in a dose of 40
      mg/kg was followed by a continuous i.p. infusion of 80 micrograms/kg/min and
      application of 0.4 mM caffeine in the dialysis medium. The results demonstrated
      that in the rat DG, local administration of 50 mM caffeine significantly
      stimulates a spontaneous 45Ca2+ efflux and its release induced by 5 mM NMDA.
      However, systemic administration of caffeine had no effect on spontaneous and
      NMDA-induced 45Ca2+ release in the rat DG, which supports the view that caffeine,
      applied in vivo, even in high doses, does not influence CICR in brain neurones.

PMID- 9949550
TI  - Phosphorylation of protein kinase C substrate proteins in rat hippocampal slices-
      effect of calpain inhibition.
AB  - Incubation of the acutely dissected rat hippocampal slices in calcium-containing
      media resulted in spontaneous activation-translocation of classical PKC isoforms
      and their subsequent (especially gamma-type) proteolytic degradation. These
      changes were blocked by calpain inhibitor MDL 28 170 in 100 microM concentration.
      Rat hippocampal slices were metabolically prelabelled with 32Pi and stimulated
      with NMDA/glycine, depolarization or phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) treatment. The
      basal phosphorylation of specific PKC substrates (MARCKS, neuromodulin and
      neurogranin) was significantly reduced in non-stimulated slices by MDL
      pretreatment. In contrast, only the slices where calpain activity was inhibited
      responded to further NMDA or phorbol dibutyrate stimulation by a substantial
      increase of PKC-dependent protein phosphorylation. It is concluded that the PKC
      phosphorylation system is severely affected by non-specific activation and a
      subsequent, calpain-dependent proteolysis in the acutely prepared hippocampal
      slices. Calpain inhibition by 100 microM MDL partially prevented these changes
      and increased stimulus-dependent phosphorylation of PKC-specific protein
      substrates.

PMID- 9949551
TI  - Collateral projections of trigeminal sensory neurons to both cerebellar
      paramedian lobules in the rabbit: demonstration by fluorescent double labeling
      study.
AB  - Neurons in the trigeminal sensory nuclei (TSN) were indicated to project
      simultaneously to the cerebellar paramedian lobule (PML) of both sides by way of
      axon collaterals in the rabbit. Injections of Fast Blue and Diamidino Yellow made
      in twelve rabbits into the regions of the left and right PML cortex,
      respectively, resulted in retrograde double labeling of neurons in the principal
      trigeminal (Vp) and spinal trigeminal nuclei including subnucleus oralis (Vo),
      and rostral (Vir) and caudal (Vic) subnucleus interpolaris. Sparse labeling was
      seen among the root fibers of the facial nerve immediately adjacent to Vp. The
      data indicated that out of the total population of ipsilateral and contralateral
      single labeled neurons in TSN subdivisions, double labeled neurons constituted
      about 11% in Vo, 2% in Vp and Vir, and 1% in Vic. Thus, it seems that out of TSN
      neurons sending collateral projections to PML of both hemispheres, those in Vo
      project more frequently than those in Vp, Vir and Vic. The homotopic
      (corresponding) middle (c and d) PML sublobules receive collateral projections
      from neurons of all these TSN subdivisions, whereas the caudal (a and b) and
      rostral (e and f) sublobules seem to be targets of the projection from Vp and
      Vir. The findings suggest that some TSN neurons may exert simultaneous bilateral
      modulatory influences upon the regions in various sublobules of both PML.

PMID- 9949552
TI  - Differential effects of non-REM and REM sleep on sensory gating in rats.
AB  - Sensory gating in rats can be measured with a double click paradigm. The
      diminished response towards the second click is a physiological manifestation of
      reduced sensory input. This physiological process seems to be disturbed in human
      psychoses. It is thought that gating, as measured with this paradigm, is a
      preattentive, involuntary phenomenon which is not modulated by attention. If this
      is indeed the case, than it is hypothesized that gating should not be modulated
      by non-REM sleep. In the present experiment pairs of clicks (500 ms interval)
      were presented during wakefulness, non-REM as well as REM sleep and cortical
      auditory evoked potentials (AEP's) were recorded in chronically implanted rats.
      Rather similar AEP's were found after the first and second stimulus. However, the
      amplitudes of the various components of the second AEP were smaller than those of
      the first AEP, suggesting a gated response. This was the case during all three
      levels of vigilance. The amplitudes of both AEP's showed the more often reported
      changes in amplitude during sleep and REM sleep. Clear differences were seen in
      gating: compared to wakefulness a decrease in gating was found during REM sleep
      while gating was unchanged during non-REM sleep. The latter outcome seems to
      confirm that gating in rats is indeed a preattentive process. Finally, results
      were discussed in terms of neuronal properties of thalamic relay cells and it is
      suggested that firing properties of thalamic relay cells are not involved in this
      type of sensory gating.

PMID- 9949553
TI  - Synaptic excitation of principal cells in the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus
      during focal epileptic seizures in the visual cortex.
AB  - Principal cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus are intensely activated during
      focal seizures in the visual cortex. The intracellular recordings technique from
      geniculate cells was used to show that this activity is induced by a strong
      excitatory synaptic input from discharging cortico-geniculate neurones in layer 6
      of the cortex.

PMID- 9949554
TI  - Clock-spiking cells not only in the eye of the fly, but also in the antenna!
AB  - During the course of single cell olfactory recordings from the funicular part of
      the antenna of Drosophila virilis we encountered a pair of cells firing
      synchronously and consistently at a rate of about 9 to 14 spikes per second.
      Every spike was seen to consist of a spike complex made up of two separate
      biphasic components thought to originate from two separate cells. The larger
      action potential, appearing first, had a peak-to-peak (ptp) amplitude of up to
      200 microV followed closely by a smaller spike with an amplitude of about 60
      microV. The repetitive firing pattern was not affected by air or odour puffs.
      This kind of consistent spontaneous spiking activity of two closely associated
      cells resembles remarkably closely the clock-spikes hitherto known only from the
      eyes of flies. Our encounter with such cells in a sense organ other than the eye
      poses many new questions and could lead to a renewed effort to understand the
      role(s) of the clock-spiking cells as possible oscillatory components of the
      dipteran pacemaking system in particular and the insect nervous systems,
      generally.

PMID- 9949555
TI  - Insulin impairs the anticonvulsive activity of carbamazepine against maximal
      electroshock-induced seizures in mice.
AB  - In view of the data indicating that insulin can modify penetration of some drugs
      across cell membranes and tissue barriers, particularly the blood-brain barrier,
      the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of insulin on both the
      anticonvulsant activity and the brain concentration of carbamazepine in mice
      suffering from seizures induced by maximal electroshock. The antiepileptic drug
      was administered per os in single doses either alone or in combination with
      insulin given as single intraperitoneal injections. To assess the anticonvulsant
      activity of carbamazepine the ED50 values were calculated. The results indicate
      that insulin given in doses up to 2 units/kg did not affect the convulsive
      threshold, whereas insulin applied at 2 units/kg led to a significant reduction
      in the anticonvulsant activity of carbamazepine, as judged by an increase in the
      ED50 value from 16.2 to 41.3 mg/kg. This effect was accompanied by the marked
      reduction in both the brain and blood concentrations of the drug. It is likely,
      therefore, that the inhibitory activity of insulin on the anticonvulsive function
      of carbamazepine is related not only to the effect of the former on the blood
      brain transport of the latter, but also to insulin-induced modulation of the
      serum concentration of the drug.

PMID- 9949556
TI  - Possible natural circaseptan rhythm in the beach beetle Chaerodes trachyscelides
      white.
AB  - Activity rhythms in groups of captive beach beetles (Chaerodes trachyscelides
      White) have been recorded in an actograph over a period of 29 days. Under
      constant illumination and when no sand was provided for the beetles to burrow in
      abnormal behaviour occurred. With sand and in constant darkness a strictly
      nocturnal activity period with apparently circaseptan components superimposed was
      observed. The beetles in their natural habitat are confined to the debris zone
      where they feed on washed up seaweed and this debris zone moves up and down
      depending on the heights of the tides. Circaseptan elements in the beetles'
      activity may act as adaptations to the weekly alternations between spring- and
      neap-tides.

PMID- 9949557
TI  - Effect of experimental setting on learning and performance of Auditory Delayed
      Matching-to-Sample task in dogs.
AB  - Twelve dogs were trained in a new task for auditory recognition memory: auditory
      Delayed Matching-to-Sample (DMS). The animals were tested in two experimental
      settings using approach (Setting 1) or bar-press (Setting 2) responses. At the
      early stages of training, the learning took more trials in Setting 2, which was
      caused by different instrumental response and/or different relationship among
      manipulanda, stimuli, and reward in these two settings. The performance of the
      final task did not differ between settings and showed a gradual decline with
      extended delays. No differences were found in responding patterns or in dynamics
      of learning. Therefore, we conclude that the auditory DMS, trained in either
      setting, offers a valuable and reliable tool for studies of neural substrate of
      auditory recognition memory. The detailed analyses of the dogs' behaviour will
      allow to evaluate the subtle effects of experimental manipulations in future
      experiments, and for many reasons the data obtained from these two settings may
      be combined in further analyses.

PMID- 9949558
TI  - Experience-dependent changes in vibrissae evoked responses in the rodent barrel
      cortex.
AB  - A change in vibrissae complement in rodents leads to long-term changes in
      vibrissae dominance. These changes involve both potentiation of spared vibrissae
      responses and suppression of deprived vibrissae responses in adolescent animals.
      In adult animals only potentiation of spared vibrissae responses was detected.
      Suppression exhibits hetero- and homosynaptic components and appears to be
      cortical in origin, as is potentiation. The time course for potentiation and
      suppression in the barrel cortex of adolescent rats is different, with
      suppression preceeding potentiation by at least one week. There seems to be no
      critical period for potentiation in superficial layers of barrel cortex, but
      there is a critical period for suppression. Suppression cannot be evoked if
      plasticity is induced later than at 6 months of age nor maintained if
      experimental manipulations begin later than at three months. The molecular
      mechanisms that underlie plastic changes in the barrel cortex still remain
      unclear, although alpha-CamKII and to lesser extend alpha/beta-CREB appear to be
      involved.

PMID- 9949559
TI  - Effects of conditioned and predictive stimuli on the fly-away escape response in
      a two-way shuttle box.

PMID- 9949560
TI  - [Autism and inter-subjectivity].
AB  - The concept of autism as a fundamental symptom of schizophrenia has been lacking
      of psychiatric eminence in the course of time, just because of its absence of
      univocal sense, and its extraordinary richness, hardly to be apprehended by
      deterministic procedures. However, the experience which it refers to, is still
      present in the daily clinical practice. In its attempt of apprehend this
      reference, the psychopathology has developed several concepts, as diverse and
      unspecific as "Praecoxfeeling", "self disorders", or "contact disturbances". In
      this paper, we start from "Intersubjectivity" as the viewpoint from which we try
      to comprehend the immediate experience of the Other as a whole. Finally, our
      purpose would be to offer an interpretation of autism that could serve as a
      comprehensive substrate for many of the manifestations of the schizophrenic
      condition.

PMID- 9949561
TI  - [A study of personality in eating disorders].
AB  - Some evidence suggests that temperament and personality traits could influence
      the development and severity of eating disorders. This study was designed to
      study these aspects. METHODS: 72 patients with DSM-IV eating disorders including
      25 anorexia nervosa restricting type, 17 with anorexia nervosa binge eating
      purging type and 30 with bulimia nervosa were studied and compared with thirty
      healthy controls. Personality disorders and temperament were studied with the
      Eysenck's EPQ, Cloninger's TCI and SCID-II. Impulsive and clinical features were
      studied with specific rating scales. RESULTS: 61.8% of patients had at least one
      personality disorder. Avoidant personality disorder was the most commonly
      diagnosed in anorexia restricting type (25%). Borderline personality disorder was
      the most frequent in bulimia nervosa and in the binge eating-purging type of
      anorexia nervosa. Dimensionally, the group of eating disorders presented high
      scores in neuroticism and low scores in self-directedness. Higher harm avoidance
      was found in bulimic patients and higher persistence was associated with
      anorectic patients. Bulimic patients were significantly more impulsive than
      anorectic and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Temperament and personality traits differ in
      anorectic and bulimic patients. Bulimic symptoms are linked to impulsive
      temperament traits and to impulsive personality features. Anorectic symptoms are
      linked to persistent temperament traits and anxious personality features.

PMID- 9949562
TI  - [Panic disorder in the elderly].
AB  - The existence of panic disorder (PD) in old population is a source of debate.
      OBJECTIVES: This study is aimed at studying the sociodemographic and clinical
      characteristics of panic disorder in patients over 60 years of age seen in two
      outpatient psychiatric clinics. METHOD: All consecutive cases of PD (DSM-III-R)
      who contacted with two outpatient clinics in a three-year period were assessed by
      the same team. Those patients aged 60 or more at the time of interview were
      grouped and compared with a young and adult group. PASS and Marks-Matthews'
      Phobia Scale were administered to the sample. RESULTS: Fifty-three (15.6%) out of
      341 PD patients were over 60 years of age. Elderly patients reported less
      frequency and severity of symptoms, less comorbidity with social phobia (p <
      0.01) and alcoholism disorders (p < 0.01) and more with dysthymia (p < 0.05). The
      elderly patients with PD reported fewer family histories of alcoholism (p <
      0.05), depression (p < 0.05) and PD (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of PD
      patients over 60 years of age who get in touch with outpatient psychiatric
      clinics is variable but not uncommon. Some clinical characteristics of PD in the
      elderly such as medical comorbidity and less symptom severity may enhance
      misdiagnosis in clinical settings.

PMID- 9949563
TI  - [Influence of maternal feeding restrictions on the mother-daughter dyad].
AB  - Alimentary restraint, cognitive variable related to eating behavior and obesity,
      is reportedly a valuable predictor for the development of therapeutic strategies.
      This paper addresses the relationship between maternal restraint and several
      psychological variables in their daughters (alexithymia, neuroticism,
      extraversion). From the study of 35 mother-daughter dyads it can be concluded
      that daughters of highly restrained mothers tend to present high scores in the
      Restraint scale of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire of Stunkard and Messick,
      translated into Spanish and validated as Cuestionario de Conducta Alimentaria.
      Daughters of highle restrained mothers present also higher scores in the
      Neuroticism scale of the revised version of the Eysenck Personality
      Questionnaire. Daughters of mothers with low Restraint scores are in average
      higher than those of their mothers, although lower than those belonging to
      daughters of highle restrained mothers. Previous observations on the positive
      correlation between Disinhibition and Hunger of the Three Factor Eating
      Questionnaire are confirmed. These results add an additional risk factor for
      obesity (mothers with high Restraint) and contribute to delineate a set of
      psychometric indicators which might be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of
      eating and body weight disorders.

PMID- 9949564
TI  - [Biological markers of schizophrenic symptoms: functional neuroimaging].
AB  - Despite heterogeneous phenotype, lack of pathognomonic symptoms and great
      variability of symptoms during the course of the illness, functional neuroimaging
      studies have showed specific patterns of activation associated to particular
      schizophrenic symptoms or symptom dimensions. Negative symptoms have been
      associated to hypofrontality; auditory hallucinations seem to be related to
      abnormalities in brain regions involved in language and, reality distortion
      dimension has been associated to left temporal lobe impairments.

PMID- 9949565
TI  - [Origin, cognitive meaning and clinical applications in psychiatry of the P300
      component].
AB  - The P300 component studies, have been generated discussion about his source,
      cognitive meaning and clinical applications. Since the first point of view,
      different structures have been proposed as a probable source of P3a or P3b in
      oddball and memory task and in scalp and in a intracraneal recordings. There are
      many papers that lucubrate about cognitive meaning of P300 and the applications
      of this component in the diagnostic process of psychiatric pathology. We make
      critic analysis and different points of view about this component.

PMID- 9949566
TI  - [Cerebral infarction in an adolescent girl following an overdose of paroxetine
      and caffedrine combined with theodrenaline].
AB  - Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) have demonstrated to be effective,
      well tolerated and relatively safe drugs in cases of overdosage. However, and
      related to the potentiation of the serotonergic transmission elicited by them,
      these drugs have been associated by some authors with the possibility of causing
      vascular complications. Serotonin is a vasoactive substance with complex actions
      on vessel wall as a result of its interaction with specific receptors existing at
      this level. We present the case of an adolescent girl who suffered a cerebral
      infarction after consuming a toxic dose of paroxetine and two other products, one
      of them containing caffedrine and theodrenaline, and the other one a phlebotonic
      agent. In connection with the possible pathophysiological mecanism the implied
      products as well as the serotonergic vascular receptors are briefly reviewed.
      Finally, a reference is made to Calls syndrome as a possible entity related to
      the unfortunate event suffered by the patient. As a conclusion risks of the
      combined pharmacotherapy, especially in cases of overdosage and in child and
      adolescent populations, are underlined.

PMID- 9949567
TI  - [Guirod's hebephrenic syndrome: a case report].
AB  - Schizophrenia, a psychiatric disease that is highly prevalent among the general
      population, has polymorphic clinical manifestations at onset and during its
      evolution. The most frequent manifestations are an abrupt onset with positive
      symptoms, perception and thought disorders, which were included by Kurt Schneider
      in the first range symptoms. However, on other occasions the onset is insidious
      and the so-called negative symptoms are present, resulting in clinical
      manifestations that are similar to the state of absence and a less favorable
      patient prognosis. Since the last century when Kraepelin defined early dementia,
      various authors have tried to explain the nature of this disease, resulting in
      Bleauler's definition of the fundamental symptoms. A clinical case of hebephrenic
      schizophrenia is presented in which disorders in thought, affect and volition
      predominated. We discuss the psychopathological views of less well-known, but not
      for that reason less important, authors, such as Guirod and Dice, and the
      similarities and differences between their views and current classifications.

PMID- 9949568
TI  - [Optimizing intravesical B.C.G].

PMID- 9949569
TI  - [High incidence of chromosome 8 monosomy and chromosome 7 trisomy in prostatic
      primary tumor and its related lymphatic metastasis. Preliminary results].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The research on tumoral aggressivity parameters in prostate cancer,
      such DNA ploidy detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization, has significant
      relevance to refine prognostic on an individualized patient. OBJECTIVES: To
      identify chromosome numeric alterations by FISH in primary prostate cancer focus
      and its corresponding lymph node metastases. b) To describe a cytogenetic tumoral
      progression pathway. METHODS: So far, we have retrospectively studies eight
      patients with prostate cancer and lymph node metastases performing FISH analysis
      on the primary prostate cancer focus and its metastatic lymph node. DNA probes
      for chromosomes 7, 8, 10 and 12 have been used for FISH analysis. RESULTS: a)
      Seven out of eight tumours (85%) were aneuploid when studied by FISH and the most
      frequent chromosome alterations found were monosomy 8 (100%) and trisomy 7
      (85.7%). All the lymph nodes were aneuploid being monosomy 8 (87.5%) and trisomy
      7 (62.5%) the most common chromosome alterations. b) Monosomy 8 and trisomy 7
      appeared to be in the same cytogenetic tumoral progression pathway. CONCLUSION:
      Although we report about a preliminary study, monosomy of chromosome 8 and
      trisomy 7 are related with poor evolution, probably because of the loss of a
      suppressor gene or a proto-oncogen overexpression. The presence of any of them in
      a prostate cancer focus is related with poor prognosis.

PMID- 9949570
TI  - [Urologic neoplasms in patients with renal transplantation. Experience and review
      of the literature].
AB  - The presence of neoplasms in patients with renal transplant in a higher frequency
      than in general people is known since a long time. The most frequent tumours were
      the skin tumours, followed by other tumours common in immunosuppressed patients.
      The ain of this work has been study the frequency, type, diagnosis, treatment and
      evolution of the urinary system tumours in patients with renal transplant and an
      exhaustive review of literature. We have found 11 tumours of the urinary system
      over 57 tumours in 41 patients, with a frequency 26.8%. 6 were kidney tumours, 3
      of prostate and 3 of the bladder. We have analyzed the incidence, diagnosis,
      treatment and evolution of tumour and its effects on the graft. We believe that
      the posttransplant follow-up of the patient, overcoat in males, who have tumours
      in more frequency, is important for the early diagnosis.

PMID- 9949571
TI  - [Studer's type ileal neobladder. Study of complications and continence].
AB  - Analysis of early and late post-surgical complications in 44 cases of Studer's
      type bladder replacement due to carcinoma of the bladder performed over a 6-year
      period. Follow-up ranges between 6 months and 6 years. 4 patients died during the
      post-operative (9.09%): 1 myocardial infarction, 1 pulmonary embolism and 2
      intestinal fistula. 28 patients (63.64%) had post-operative complications: 4 GI
      fistula (9.09%) 5 ileus (11.36%), 2 GI bleeding (4.54%), 1 ureteral fistula
      (2.27%), 1 ureteral stenosis, 6 urethro-intestinal fistula (13.36%), 1 tubular
      necrosis, 1 ruptured ureteral catheter, 5 wound infections (11.36%), 12 urine
      infections (27.27%), 6 sepsis (13.63%), 1 lymphocele, 1 evisceration and 2
      eventrations. Repeat surgery was required in 6 cases. Within 6 months from
      discharge, 7 of 40 patients (17.5%) had some complication: 3 acute
      pyelonephritis, 4 episodes of acidosis-dehydration and 1 ureter stenosis. After 6
      months, 7 of 38 patients (18.4%) had complications: 1 acidosis, 3 vesical
      lithiasis, 2 ureteral stenosis and 1 urethro-intestinal, plus 2 cases of chronic
      urinary retention. Daytime continence was 97.2% and nighttime continence 30%;
      after 6 months evolution, no further changes were seen.

PMID- 9949572
TI  - [Effect of finasteride on the percentage of free PSA: implications in the early
      diagnosis of prostatic cancer].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the behaviour of free PSA percentage in finasteride-treated
      patients and to evaluate whether this ratio allows an increased PSA specificity
      in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Evaluation of
      PSA serum levels and free PSA ratio in 336 patients initially diagnosed with
      prostate benign hyperplasia (PBH). A group of 82 patients were treated with
      finasteride for 14 to 58 months. A second group of 254 patients received no
      treatment. All patients were within the same age range and had similar PSA serum
      levels. In total, 141 prostate biopsies were performed: 19.5 (16/82) and 49.1
      (125/254) respectively. RESULTS: Median PSA level in PBH patients was 1.6 ng/mL
      for the finasteride-treated group and 3.5 for the untreated group, p < 0.0001.
      Free PSA ratio was 18.6 and 18.8%, respectively, p > 0.05. Carcinoma detection
      rate was 25% (4/16) for the finasteride group and 27.2% (34/125) for the
      untreated group. If biopsy had been requested when PSA percentage was below 25%,
      17.7 and 19.8% respectively would have been prevented and all carcinoma detected.
      CONCLUSION: Long-term treatment with finasteride reduces PSA serum concentration
      about 50% without changing the free PSA ratio. Carcinoma detection rate was
      similar in finasteride-treated and untreated patients. Free PSA ratio allows to
      increase PSA specificity and avoid unnecessary biopsied also in finasteride
      treated patients.

PMID- 9949573
TI  - [Post-transplantation renal rupture].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Renal allograft rupture in the transplanted patient represents a
      usually early postoperatory complication threatening graft and patient survival.
      Urgent management is often required. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Renal transplanted
      patients which had rupture of the renal allograft have been reviewed
      retrospectively. Between February 1980 and June 1996 a total of 868 renal
      transplants were performed, and 21 (2.41%) suffered from allograft rupture.
      Diagnosis was based mainly on the symptoms, blood analysis to test hematocrit
      value, and ultrasounds. RESULTS: Men age of the patients was 34 years old (21
      49), 15 (71.4%) males and 6 (28.6%) females. Evolution was as follow: 4 patients
      underwent extracapsular nephrectomy due to non-functioning kidney; in 16 patients
      the graft could be preserved using different methods of renal corsetage
      (lyophilized human dura was applied in 8 cases, fascia lata in one, fascia lata
      and lyophilized human dura in 3 cases, and polyglycolic acid mesh in other 4
      patients); and finally one patient was managed conservatively. There was no intra
      and post-operatory mortality. Four patients died lately of other causes not
      related to renal transplantation. Other 4 patients underwent chronic rejection
      and fail of the renal function. Two of these four patients have already received
      their second graft. A total of 13 patients have a good renal function (61.9%).
      CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of the renal allograft rupture must be the main
      objective in order to initiate as soon as possible therapeutic measures that
      firstly should be aimed to preserve the graft (medically or surgically).
      Nephrectomy must be reserved for renal allograft rupture secondary to venous
      thrombosis and other situations threatening life.

PMID- 9949574
TI  - [Usefulness of posterior capsulectomy in the treatment of bladder neck disease].
AB  - RATIONALE: Presentation of 12-year experience accrued in the surgical treatment
      of the acquired bladder neck disease. Based on Riches' experience (1961),
      posterior capsulotomy, although exceptional in terms of indication, was effective
      in the treatment of 26 patients with early failure of standard endoscopic
      techniques. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Over a 12-year period, 945 prostatectomies were
      entered in a protocol, 305 (32.2%) open surgery and 640 (67.8%) transurethral
      resections. Incidence of sclerosis was 5.03% (48 patients). Treatment of second
      group with TUR and/or cervicotomy failed in 26 (45-58%) patients. Posterior
      capsulotomy was effective in 100% patients. RESULTS: Mean follow-up has been
      productive, and exceeds 4 years based on clinical, radiologic, endoscopic and
      urodynamic parameters.

PMID- 9949575
TI  - [Albuginea plication in the treatment of penile curvature].
AB  - Presentation of the results obtained by our team in the treatment of 22 cases of
      penial incurvation (11 congenital and 11 secondary to Peyronie's Disease) using
      the albuginea plication technique. Evaluation of post-operative results taking
      into account both subjective (extent of satisfaction, comfort during the post
      operative etc.) and objective (post-operative complications, degree of
      correction, reincurvation or failure etc.) factors was done by a follow-up
      programme through the out-patients practices using a Questionnaire-Survey system.
      Presentation of results obtained and detailed discussion of each case. The
      conclusions were as follows: Albuginea plication is a safe technique that
      achieves total penis redressment, with no post-operative complications. The
      extent of satisfaction and success obtained exceed 85%, and can be increased by
      improving the pre-operative selection and providing correct and precise
      information on what can be resolved with this technique.

PMID- 9949576
TI  - [Renal carcinoma revealed by sternal metastasis and posterior contralateral
      adrenal metastasis].
AB  - We report a exceptional case of renal cell carcinoma whose first manifestation
      was bone metastases located in the sternum. Three years after radical nephrectomy
      solitary contralateral adrenal metastasis appeared. Exeresis bone metastasis,
      radical nephrectomy and adrenalectomy were performed. The patient is alive with
      no evidence of disease with hormonal substitute treatment 5 years and 2 months
      after esternal metastasis exeresis and 1 year and 3 months after right
      adrenalectomy.

PMID- 9949577
TI  - [Renal leiomyosarcoma].
AB  - Presentation of one case of renal leiomyosarcoma, a tumour with little incidence,
      focusing the interest of this paper in the treatment and follow-up carried out.
      Incidence of this type of tumour in the kidneys is scarce, but even more so the
      number of patients treated with post-nephrectomy chemotherapy. It is therefore
      unsuitable to draw any conclusions from the review of available publications.
      However, we believe to have obtained a good result in this case treated with
      nephrectomy and chemotherapy.

PMID- 9949578
TI  - [Bone metaplasia of the bladder associated with urothelial tumor. A clinical
      case].
AB  - One case report of bone metaplasia of the bladder wall associated to urothelial
      tumour located on the urothelium coating the lesion. Suspicion diagnosis started
      from findings identified in the transurethral resection. A stone-like mass
      attached by a pedicle to the bladder wall was found during the examination. The
      pathoanatomical study confirmed the diagnosis of bone metaplasia of the bladder
      wall, identifying nests of urothelial tumour adjacent to the urothelium. No
      report of similar cases has been found in the literature referring to the
      association of urothelial tumour and bone metaplasia of the bladder wall.

PMID- 9949579
TI  - [Mucinous adenocarcinoma. Unusual prostatic tumor].
AB  - We report a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate. A 80 years-old
      patient was diagnosed with a transrectal multiple biopsy. We comment on the
      special histological patterns of the tumor as well as the established criterion
      for an appropriate diagnosis.

PMID- 9949580
TI  - [Adrenal gland myelolipoma. Report of a new case].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: We report a new case of symptomatic myelolipoma of the adrenal gland.
      We analyse clinical, diagnostic, histopathologic and therapeutic aspects. METHOD
      AND RESULTS: Surgical excision was performed by lumbotomy. The patient was
      asymptomatic after surgery. DISCUSSION: Adrenal myelolipoma is norfunctioning
      benign tumour constituted by fat tissue and small islands of haemathopoyetic in a
      variable rate. The patients are usually asymptomatic. In symptomatic patients the
      most common symptoms are nonspecific abdominal pain, haematuria and hypertension.
      The diagnosis is achieved by ultrasound, CT and PAFF. The management is
      controversial: Surgical treatment or watching are options depending on the size
      and/or symptoms.

PMID- 9949581
TI  - [Parameatal cysts of the penis].
AB  - Parameatal cysts of the penis are highly infrequent, benign cysts of varied sizes
      usually unilateral. Contribution of two cases of parameatal cysts of the penis,
      one and epidermoid inclusion, allegedly post hypospadias surgery, while the other
      one is similar to the middle raphe cysts and appears to derive from the
      endodermal debris following a defective closure of the urogenital folds.
      Treatment is by surgical excision; simple aspiration or marsupialization may
      result in relapse and unsatisfactory cosmetic results.

PMID- 9949582
TI  - [Recent advances in the treatment of laryngitis].

PMID- 9949583
TI  - [Recommendations for the management of lactose intolerance].

PMID- 9949584
TI  - [Prevention and therapy of bronchiolitis: current status].

PMID- 9949585
TI  - [Reduction in the number of hospitalizations for asthma. Quality assurance
      program for the management of asthma crises in a district hospital].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of a quality
      assurance program intended to improve the care of children with acute asthma in
      the emergency ward of a first level hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: New
      guidelines for acute asthma management in children were developed and applied
      beginning 1-1-1997. The ways to deal with an asthma crisis in 1996 and 1997 were
      compared. The quality guarantee cycle was the method for application of the
      guidelines, health workers being aware of the starting point (1996) and which
      areas could be improved. The quality of the clinical assessment of the asthma
      crisis, the adequacy of treatment, and the final destination of the patients
      (discharge or admission) were evaluated. RESULTS: Seventy-seven and 68 asthma
      crises were attended to during 1996 and 1997, respectively. We noticed
      significant improvements in the clinical assessment of the crisis (p < 0.001), in
      the correct usage of the term "asthma crisis" (p < 0.001) and in the description
      of the crisis severity (p < 0.001). The number of improper therapeutic procedures
      was reduced (p < 0.0001). Children with a mild crisis, except for those
      associated with risk factors (14% in 1996 and 6% in 1997), were discharged from
      the hospital. All children with severe crises were admitted to the hospital. Of
      the children with moderate crises, 75% need hospitalization in 1996, while only
      45.1% did during 1997 (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Following appropriate guidelines
      during acute asthma attacks implies better care of the asthmatic child and
      reduces the number of hospital admissions. The quality guarantee cycle is a
      proper way to achieve these goals.

PMID- 9949586
TI  - [Ambulatory monitoring of arterial pressure in a group of children with reflux
      nephropathy of different degrees].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to search for risk factors for the
      evolution reflux nephropathy by comparing the results of the ambulatory blood
      pressures in a group of children with reflux nephropathy of different degrees.
      PATIENTS AND METHODS: Out-patient blood pressure monitoring was performed in 31
      children (15 males and 15 females) affected to different degrees by reflux
      nephropathy. This was done during a 24-hour period on a normal schoolday by using
      a Spacelabs 90207 oscilometric monitor. An appropriately sized armband was chosen
      for each case with the readings being programmed for every 20 minutes between
      8:00 a.m. and 23:00 p.m. and every 30 minutes for the remaining readings. The
      mean blood pressure, blood pressure load and hyperbaric index over the 24 hour
      period (on all the readings obtained), activity period (0800 to 2200 hours) and
      the resting period (midnight to 6:00 a.m.) were calculated. The circadian
      variability (difference and ratio between the mean values of active and resting
      periods and the nocturnal fall in blood pressure as a percentage of the daytime
      mean value) was also determined. The children were classified into subgroups
      according to their degree of reflux nephropathy: Group 1) Degrees A and B of
      unilateral reflux nephropathy. Group 2) Degrees C and D of unilateral reflux
      nephropathy and Group 3) Bilateral nephropathy. Those monitorings with a
      percentage of erroneous readings over 30% were excluded. RESULTS: Two children
      were excluded because of a high percentage of erroneous readings. We could not
      find any significant difference among the three groups in casual blood pressure.
      We observed significant differences between the group formed by children with
      unilateral reflux nephropathy and children with bilateral reflux nephropathy in
      the blood pressure during the resting period. No significant differences were
      found among the three groups in the tensional load, hyperbaric index or the
      variables that determine the nightly descent in blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS:
      Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring allow the detection of risk factors for the
      evolution of reflux nephropathy; i.e., higher risk of blood pressure elevation,
      especially during the resting period and mainly for bilateral reflux nephropathy.

PMID- 9949587
TI  - [Comparative study of bone mineralization in children and adolescents with
      familial short stature and a control group].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to study children with familial short stature (FSS)
      to observe whether they develop bone mineralization similar to that seen in
      healthy children with an adequate height for their age and sex. PATIENTS AND
      METHODS: The study included 70 FSS patients (39 boys and 31 girls) between 6 and
      20 years of age and 246 control patients with the same mean age and sex of the
      study group. Bone mineral density was measured in the lumbar spine and forearm by
      performing dual energy X-ray absorptiometry using a Hologic ADR-1000. RESULTS:
      The main difference between the FSS population and the control group was in the
      final adult bone mass, which was 20% less in the lumbar spine and 15% less in the
      forearm in the FSS group. CONCLUSIONS: A large difference in bone mineralization
      was observed among the FSS population compared to the control group during
      infancy and adolescence and this becomes accentuated with age or growth resulting
      in bone mineralization that is not optimum for facing the losses which occur
      during adulthood.

PMID- 9949588
TI  - [Recurrent epistaxis in children as an indicator of hemostatic disorders].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To distinguish which nosebleeds in children hide an underlying
      coagulation disorder, characteristics of recurrent epistaxis were evaluated
      correlating the severity with a battery of specific tests on primary and
      secondary hemostasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Epistaxis of fifty-eight children
      were classified as mild or severe according to frequency, duration, amount of
      blood lost, proportion of life that nosebleeds have been recurrent and uni- or
      bilateral bleeding. Epidemiological characteristics were evaluated, as well as
      hemostatic tests including: platelet count, mean platelet volume, plasmatic
      fibrinogen level, prothrombine time, activated partial thromboplastin time,
      thrombin time, bleeding time, von Willebrand factor antigen and ristocetin
      cofactor, factor VIII coagulant, and platelet aggregation to different agents.
      The effect of drugs or the presence of tumors was discarded. RESULTS: In the
      group of children with mild epistaxis (n = 39) there were three cases with
      laboratory abnormalities (10.3%). In severe epistaxis (n = 19) abnormalities were
      found in eleven cases (57.9%) and specific entities were detected in six of them
      (three children with von Willebrand's disease, one Bernard-Soulier syndrome, one
      autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura and one Rendu-Osler-Weber disease). Epistaxis
      labeled as mild needed less cauterizations and packings, were more related to
      seasonal prevalence and self-handling, and poorly influenced iron metabolism.
      CONCLUSIONS: The five qualities pointed out on recurrent epistaxis in children
      allow the identification of who must be thoroughly studied by means of specific
      tests to rule out any kind of hemostatic disorder.

PMID- 9949589
TI  - [Septic osteoarthritis in children].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to assess the clinical and microbiological aspects
      of septic osteoarthritis in children admitted to our center from 1987 until July
      1997 and to determine the sensitivity of ultrasound in this age group. PATIENTS
      AND METHODS: The medical records of 36 children diagnosed as having septic
      osteoarthritis of the hip were reviewed retrospectively. The diagnosis had been
      based on clinical criteria, along with synovectomy and drainage of purulent
      material from the affected joint. An X-ray and/or ultrasound had been performed
      when the diagnosis was suspected. RESULTS: Nineteen children were diagnosed
      during the neonatal period, 8 between the ages of 1 and 12 months and 9 older
      than one year of age. Mean age at diagnosis was 16.8 +/- 6.2 months (median 29
      days, range 6 days to 13 years). The hip was involved in 32 children, the ankle
      in 3 and the elbow in 1. A microbiological diagnosis was achieved in 22 cases
      (61%) by culture from blood, CSF, and/or synovial fluid. The most common isolates
      were Gram positive cocci (S. aureus in 9 cases and coagulase negative
      Staphylococcus in 3). The diagnostic value of the X-rays was very low (18%). The
      ultrasound was initially considered abnormal in 64.5% of the patients, with a
      lower sensitivity in the neonatal period. After a mean follow-up period of 36
      months, the outcome was good in 86% of the cases, although three children
      continue with sequelae. Two preterm infants died due to sepsis associated with
      the osteoarthritis. CONCLUSIONS: At the time of diagnosis of septic arthritis of
      the hip, the ultrasound is frequently normal. Due to the poor outcome when there
      is a delay in surgery, we suggest immediate synovectomy and drainage when there
      is clinical suspicion of septic arthritis despite an apparently normal
      ultrasound.

PMID- 9949590
TI  - [Effectiveness of brain imaging in children with headache].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Headache is a common complaint in children and brain imaging has
      become widely used to evaluate this clinical condition. We studied the value of
      neuroimaging in children with chronic headaches. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A
      retrospective chart review was conducted of all children referred to the
      pediatric outpatient clinic for evaluation of headache over a 3-year period. The
      charts were reviewed for headache characteristics, clinical indications for
      performing neuroimaging, and imaging results. Special attention was paid to
      evidence of space-occupying lesions. RESULTS: A total of 160 records were
      studied, with subjects ranging in age from 4 to 14 years. Most patients were
      diagnosed as having migraine headaches (60%) or chronic tension headaches
      (29.5%). Other diagnoses were post-traumatic (6%) and unclassified (4%). Sixty
      six patients (41%) had computed tomography imaging performed. In most cases,
      brain imaging studies were performed because of clinical data (41%) like atypical
      pattern, sleep-related headache or increase of headache, because of the parents'
      concerns about brain lesions (38%) and because of an age less than 5 years (14%).
      Structural changes were found on brain imaging in 4 patients, but none indicated
      the presence of a treatable space-occupying lesion and all were deemed unrelated
      to the headache. Our findings of no relevant abnormalities in a series of 66
      neuroimaging studies indicate that the maximal rate at which such abnormalities
      might appear in this population is 4.4%. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that
      neuroimaging studies have very limited value in the clinical evaluation of
      pediatric patients with chronic headache and should be reserved for those
      patients with clinical evidence suggestive of underlying structural lesion.

PMID- 9949591
TI  - [Ovarian tumors in childhood: apropos of a review of cases].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the incidence and behavior of ovarian
      tumors in our population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1984 and 1994, all
      clinical charts with the diagnosis of ovarian tumors were reviewed
      retrospectively. Of 158 tumors in females below 14 years of age, 7 were located
      in the ovary (4.4%). Clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, histology,
      treatment and survival were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was
      11.3 years (range: 7 months-13.5 years). One child was asymptomatic, 4 complained
      of abdominal pain, 3 with vomiting and 3 with urinary symptoms. Palpable
      abdominal masses were found in all, with abdominal distension in 2, ascytes,
      general malaise and precocious puberty each in one case. Alpha-fetoprotein was
      elevated in 3 cases and CA 125 in 1. Image studies revealed pleural effusion in
      one X-ray abdominal mass in 6 abdominal X-rays, which was confirmed by echography
      in all girls. Histology revealed benign teratoma (3), endodermal sinus tumor (1),
      malignant teratoma (1), granulosa cell tumor (1) and mixed teratoma and
      dysgerminoma (1). Treatment consisted in surgical resection (7), total in 5 cases
      (stage I) and subtotal in 2 (one malignant teratoma and one TSE, stages III).
      Chemotherapy was added initially in 2 stage III tumors and after relapse in 3.
      Radiotherapy was not given. Six girls survived. CONCLUSIONS: We comment on the
      low incidence of these tumors, which can be well diagnosed by using echography.
      Mixed histology may be misdiagnosed. Chemotherapy may rescue the worse prognostic
      cases.

PMID- 9949593
TI  - [Localized scleroderma: lesion "en coup de sabre". Review of the literature and
      report of a case].

PMID- 9949592
TI  - ["Kangaroo method" in the care of premature infants admitted to a neonatal
      intensive care unit].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: More and progressively smaller preterm infants are taken out of the
      incubator and placed skin-to-skin (kangaroo care) on their mother's chest to
      promote bonding and breastfeeding. The aim of our study was to know the tolerance
      to kangaroo care and its security for preterm infants and their mothers, as well
      as its relationship to breastfeeding. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 445
      sessions of 38 stable preterm newborns in our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
      (NICU). Their mean birth weight was 1,452 +/- 415 g and gestational age 31.5 +/-
      2 weeks (mean +/- SD). The preterm infants, dressed in a diaper and cotton cap,
      were placed in skin-to-skin contact between their mother's breasts in an upright
      position and covered with a towel. The kangaroo care duration, temperature, heart
      rate, respiratory rate, StcO2, and the mother and infant behavioral responses
      were recorded. During kangaroo care, the preterm infants were nourished by their
      mother's milk directly by breastfeeding or by intermittent tube feeding,
      depending on their sucking reflex. The kangaroo care lasted 30-90 minutes, one to
      eight times a day depending on the availability of the mother. RESULTS: During
      the kangaroo care, body temperatures, heart rate, respiratory rate and StcO2
      remained stable. In the majority of cases, In the majority of cases, the preterm
      infants showed conduct patterns that indicated good tolerance toward this method,
      including open hand, sleeping, alert tranquility and even smiles. The
      breastfeeding sessions were longer than normal because the premature infants
      alternated short periods of sucking with longer sleep periods. Mothers
      participated actively looking, talking, touching, smiling and even playing with
      their preterm infants. CONCLUSIONS: Kangaroo care is a safe and well-accepted
      method for preterm infants admitted to a NICU and their mothers. Intermittent
      kangaroo care does not allow for breastfeeding by demand, therefore with the
      smallest preterm infants, we are obligated to supplement feeding with the
      mother's milk by tube gavage.

PMID- 9949594
TI  - [Proteus syndrome and encephalo-cranio-cutaneous lipomatosis, are they the same
      hamartoma? Apropos of a case].

PMID- 9949595
TI  - [Retrograde diastolic flow in the distal aortic arch in a newborn infant with
      transposition of the great vessels].

PMID- 9949596
TI  - [A patient with Pearson and Kearns-Sayre syndrome and a common 4.9 Kb deletion of
      mitochondrial DNA in blood].

PMID- 9949597
TI  - [Goltz syndrome: report of a case in a male].

PMID- 9949598
TI  - [Gaucher disease:: evaluation of the response to enzymatic therapy. Apropos of a
      case].

PMID- 9949599
TI  - [Acute diarrhea as a leading symptom of ganglioneuroblastoma].

PMID- 9949600
TI  - [Pseudo-Bartter syndrome as a complication of an undiagnosed intestinal
      malrotation].

PMID- 9949601
TI  - [What is your diagnosis? Fever, cough and mediastinal mass (benign thymic
      hyperplasia)].

PMID- 9949602
TI  - [Epidemiology and scientific methodology applied to Pediatrics II: designs in
      epidemiologic experimentation].

PMID- 9949603
TI  - [Continuous treatment with G-CSF in a case of infantile congenital neutropenia].

PMID- 9949604
TI  - [Amplification of the clinical spectrum of Robinow syndrome].

PMID- 9949605
TI  - [Pica as a form of presentation of celiac disease].

PMID- 9949606
TI  - [Growth hormone therapy in short bowel syndrome].

PMID- 9949608
TI  - Gatekeepers need education.

PMID- 9949607
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis and follow-up of a simple renal cyst].

PMID- 9949609
TI  - Misleading advertisement.

PMID- 9949610
TI  - More on old grades.

PMID- 9949611
TI  - An ASHA dues increase--a proposal.

PMID- 9949612
TI  - Is hypernasality a voice disorder?

PMID- 9949614
TI  - Exploring the damaged ear. The NIDCD National Temporal Bone Registry.

PMID- 9949615
TI  - Aging & medications. An overview.

PMID- 9949616
TI  - Rural service delivery: unique challenges, creative solutions.

PMID- 9949617
TI  - Normal communication changes in older adults.

PMID- 9949619
TI  - Recent increases in influenza and other respiratory infections.

PMID- 9949620
TI  - The state of the journal: 1998 achievements and future objectives.

PMID- 9949621
TI  - Regulation of the proliferative potential of cord blood long-term culture
      initiating cells (LTC-IC) by different stromal cell lines: implications for LTC
      IC measurement.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC) are the
      best available approximation to an in vitro assay of stem cells in humans
      although they still represent a heterogeneous population in terms of
      proliferative capacity and sensitivity to different growth factors. Human
      umbilical cord blood (CB) is rich in hemopoietic progenitor cells, as measured by
      clonogenic assays and contains stem cells capable of reconstituting the marrow
      after ablation in clinical transplantation. We evaluated the influence of culture
      conditions on the in vitro behavior of LTC-IC from CB. DESIGN AND METHODS: LTC-IC
      were evaluated in long-term cultures, comparing two types of murine stromal cell
      lines: M2-10B4 and M2-10B4 transfected with cDNAs for human G-CSF and IL-3.
      RESULTS: Two and five fold higher numbers of terminally differentiated cells were
      produced during nine weeks of culture of CB mononuclear or CD34+ cells
      respectively, in cultures containing a M2-10B4 IL-3 G-CSF cell line compared to
      cultures containing the parental cell line. Likewise, a higher number of colony
      forming cells (CFC) were detected in the supernatant of cultures with the
      transfected cell line. In contrast, the number of CFC generated within the
      stromal layer, after 5 or 9 weeks of culture, was significantly higher in
      cultures on M2-10B4 cells than those on M2-10B4 IL-3 G-CSF. INTERPRETATION AND
      CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the proliferative capacity of CB LTC-IC can be
      strongly influenced by culture conditions and that the frequency of LTC-IC
      estimated using these cell lines as stromal support is not identical.

PMID- 9949622
TI  - High incidence of the CD8/9 (+G) beta 0-thalassemia mutation in Spain.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In Spain, as in other Mediterranean regions the most
      common beta-thalassemia mutations are due to point mutations in gene regions that
      are critical for production of mRNA, such as [IVS-I-nt1 (G-->A), IVS-I-nt6 (T-
      >C), IVS-I-nt110 (G-->A)] which interrupt normal RNA processing or nonsense
      mutations [CD39 (C-->T)] which interrupt the translation of mRNA. The frameshift
      mutation CD8/9 (+G) is a very common allele in Asian Indians but is rare in the
      Mediterranean regions in which isolated alleles with this mutation have been
      found in Israel, Greece, Portugal and Turkey. DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a
      molecular analysis of 175 chromosomes corresponding to 233 beta-thalassemia
      patients (221 heterozygous, 10 homozygous and 2 compound heterozygous) who belong
      to 169 Spanish families. The study of beta-thalassemia was made by PCR-ARMS, the
      alpha genes by Southern blot, the phenotype of Hb Lepore by enzymatic
      amplification and the presence of -158 gamma G C-->T mutation by PCR and
      digestion with the restriction enzyme XmnL. RESULTS: Twenty of these 233 patients
      showed the beta-thalassemia mutation CD8/9 (+G) (17 were heterozygous, 2
      homozygous and in one patient the mutation was associated with a structural
      variant Hb Lepore Boston). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: These data reveal the
      heterogeneity of beta-thalassemia in Spain and the relatively high frequency
      (8.6%) of the frameshift mutation CD8/9 (+G). It is surprising that homozygotes
      for beta zero-thalassemia due to this mutation with very high Hb F values (around
      90%) present a phenotype of intermediate thalassemia.

PMID- 9949623
TI  - Immunophenotypic analysis of CD19+ precursors in normal human adult bone marrow:
      implications for minimal residual disease detection.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Normal B-cell differentiation has been characterized
      extensively, but discrepancies persist regarding the exact sequence of antigen
      expression. Few systematic studies focusing on identification of the minor or
      undetectable B-cell subsets in normal human bone marrow (BM) which are frequently
      found in leukemic cells have been performed. Such studies could help to monitor
      minimal residual disease (MRD) in precursor-B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia
      (precursor-B-ALL). The aim of the present study was to analyze the sequence of
      antigen expression among normal human CD19+ B cells from adult BM. Our major goal
      was to identify infrequent and undetectable B-cell phenotypes that could be used
      for the detection of MRD in patients with precursor-B-ALL. DESIGN AND METHODS:
      Adult BM samples from a total of 33 healthy volunteers were analyzed using triple
      stainings, and measured by flow cytometry. A sensitive method based on the two
      step acquisition procedure was used for the identification and characterization
      of cells present at very low frequencies. RESULTS: Five different subsets of
      CD19+ cells were identified in normal BM samples according to their degree of
      maturation: 1) CD19+/CD34+/CD10-/CD20-/CD22dlm+ (0.5 +/- 0.4% B cells); 2)
      CD19+/CD34-/CD10++/CD20-/CD22dlm+ (3.4 +/- 2.7%); 3) CD19+/CD34-/CD10+/CD20
      /CD22dlm+ (3.5 +/- 2.2%); 4) CD19+/CD34-/CD10+/CD20+,++/CD22dlm+ (21 +/- 11%),
      and 5) CD19+/CD34-/CD10-/CD20++/CD22+ (73 +/- 19%). We observed that several B
      cell phenotypes are frequent among precursor-B-ALL, but are infrequent or
      undetectable in normal human B cell differentiation. Accordingly, in all normal
      BM samples analyzed, less than 4 x 10(-5) cells co-expressed CD19 and CD117;
      CD20strong+/CD34+ and CD22strong+/CD34+ events were found at frequencies less
      than 5 x 10(-4), while CD20+/CD34+ phenotypes were found in less than 1 x 10(-3)
      BM cells. Although both CD19+/CD13+ and CD19+/CD33+ events were found at
      frequencies of up to 3 x 10(-3), they never formed a well-defined population of
      cells and therefore these latter phenotypic patterns could also be of use for MRD
      investigation in CD13+ and/or CD33+ precursor-B-ALL cases. INTERPRETATION AND
      CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that in adult BM normal B-cells display constant
      patterns of maturation as regards both their phenotypic characteristics and their
      relative distribution. Abnormalities in these patterns provide a potentially
      useful tool for monitoring MRD in precursor-B-ALL patients who achieve
      cytomorphologic complete remission.

PMID- 9949624
TI  - Influence of marrow erythropoietic activity on serum erythropoietin levels after
      autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Serum erythropoietin (sEpo) concentration depends
      primarily on the rate of renal production in response to hypoxia. However, sEpo
      levels increase inappropriately after conditioning for autologous stem cell
      transplantation (ASCT) before progressively returning to adequate levels. We
      investigated the possible influence of erythropoietic activity on these
      observations. DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty patients undergoing an ASCT, 8 with bone
      marrow (BMT) and 32 with peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC), were separated into
      3 groups. Group 1 was formed of the 8 BMT patients (median time to 1%
      reticulocytes: 39 days), group 2 of 16 PBSC patients with relatively slow
      erythroid engraftment (> or = 15 days to 1% reticulocytes, median 19 days) and
      group 3 of 16 PBSC patients with prompt erythroid recovery (< 15 days to 1%
      reticulocytes, median 13 days). Marrow erythroid activity was assessed by serum
      transferrin receptor levels (sTfR). Serum Epo (sEpo) levels were expressed in
      relation to the degree of anemia as observed/predicted (O/P) ratios of (O/P) log
      (sEpo). RESULTS: Serum sTfR levels decreased by more than 50% in all 3 groups
      after conditioning, reaching their nadir on day 7. Nadir values doubled by day 28
      in group 3, day 60 in group 2, but not within 100 days in group 1. O/P sEpo
      ratios increased inappropriately in all 3 groups after conditioning but then
      declined at very differing speeds in the 3 groups. In group 1, ratios remained
      above 1.10 through to day 28 and above 1.00 through to day 42, before leveling
      off at around 1.00 thereafter. In group 2, ratios remained above 1.00 through to
      day 14, than decreased to a minimum of 0.89 by day 42 before returning to 1.00 by
      day 100. In group 3, ratios decreased to 0.84 by day 21 and remained below 0.90
      thereafter. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that sEpo levels are not
      only influenced by tissue oxygenation but also depend on the mass of erythroid
      precursors in the bone marrow. This may be the main explanation for the observed
      changes in sEpo levels during ASCT.

PMID- 9949625
TI  - IL-6 and IL-8 levels in plasma during hematopoietic progenitor transplantation.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The relationship between cytokine concentrations and
      transplant-related complications has been studied in bone marrow transplant
      patients. The changes in TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 concentrations after
      transplantation are well documented in the literature but this is not the case
      for IL-8. The purpose of the present study was to investigate prospectively the
      plasma concentration of these cytokines and their relationship to transplant
      related complications. DESIGN AND METHODS: Pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha,
      IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8) levels in plasma were determined in a group of 53 patients
      undergoing hematopoietic progenitor transplantation. Plasma samples were
      collected weekly from day -7 to day +35 and stored at -70 degrees C until assayed
      by ELISA. The major transplant-related toxicities registered were: veno-occlusive
      disease (VOD), acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infectious episodes, renal
      failure and mucositis. RESULTS: In spite of the great variability of plasma
      cytokine profiles between the different patients, we came to various conclusions.
      Patients' TNF-alpha and IL-1 concentrations correlated well over time. IL-6 and
      IL-8 profiles were similar and correlated well with febrile episodes. In some
      cases, an increase in IL-6 preceded hematologic recovery. In our study, increased
      levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and especially IL-8 correlated with hepatic or renal
      dysfunction as evaluated by increased bilirubin and creatinine in plasma, while
      pulmonary complications correlated only with increased IL-6 levels. Allogeneic
      transplant patients had a tendency to have higher TNF-alpha concentrations than
      autologous transplant patients, probably because an allogeneic transplant is
      associated with more transplant-related toxicity. Basal disease usually had no
      effect on cytokine profiles. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: IL-6 and IL-8 were
      the only cytokines studied whose increase correlated with febrile episodes. High
      IL-8 values may be a useful predictor of renal dysfunction and pulmonary disease
      and seems to trigger off high IL-6 levels. Plasma TNF-alpha and IL-1
      concentrations during the posttransplant period have not been shown to be
      predictive of the development of transplant-related complications, and none of
      the profiles was recognized to be specific for a particular complication in this
      study.

PMID- 9949626
TI  - Functional and clinical relevance of CD44 variant isoform expression on B-cell
      chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have shown that expression of adhesion
      molecules of the Ig superfamily, of integrins and of selectins allows definition
      of high vs low risk B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). The proteoglycan
      CD44 is an adhesion molecule that may be expressed as a standard form of 85-95 KD
      or as several variant isoforms. The presence of certain CD44 variant (v) isoforms
      on neoplastic cells indicates poor prognosis in epithelial and lymphoid
      malignancies, as it is associated with tumor progression and metastasis. DESIGN
      AND METHODS: The expression of CD44 v3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 was analyzed in
      cells from 85 B-CLL patients. Indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were
      used to identify CD44v. Functional studies were performed by analysis of adhesion
      to hyaluronate (HA), one CD44 ligand, and HA-induced Ca2+ influx. A variety of
      statistical methods were used to define phenotypic and functional differences
      between the various clones, to calculate survival curves, and for multivariate
      analyses. RESULTS: In 17/85 B-CLL (20%), one or more CD44v were detectable by
      indirect immunofluorescence, whereas in 68/85 cases (80%) this technique yielded
      negative results. However, moAb "mixes" against CD44v and patching of surface
      molecules on B-CLL cells have shown that all B-CLL clones express CD44v. This has
      been confirmed by Western blot in a number of cases. Thus, two groups of patients
      whose cells bear CD44v at high or low density, are distinguished. Functions of
      the two clonotypes were investigated, namely their adhesion to a CD44 ligand and
      hyaluronate (HA), and effect on HA-induced Ca2+ influx. Cells expressing high
      density CD44v adhere to HA-coated substrates more efficiently than cells with low
      density CD44v. In all clones, HA-signaling via CD44 yields Ca2+ influx. This
      indicates that CD44 mediates activatory signals following interaction with the
      ligand. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: The clinical relevance of these findings
      has been ascertained. The 17/85 cases whose cells bore high density CD44v had
      significantly worse prognostic features than those of patients with low density
      CD44v, namely more advanced disease stage, LDT < 12 months and therapy
      requirement. Moreover, the median survival in the former group of patients was <
      5 years as opposed to > 12 years in the latter. Therefore, analysis of CD44v
      expression provides indications of biological and clinical relevance also in low
      grade lymphoproliferative disorders.

PMID- 9949627
TI  - WWW accessible system for national/regional registries of clinical results of
      cord blood transplants: a tool to facilitate cooperative clinical research.
AB  - A system, accessible via internet, has been developed to support the Spanish
      Registry of Cord Blood Transplants (RETSCU). The system includes a database of
      clinical results directly accessible by transplant centers (TCs) and cord blood
      banks (CBBs) (restricted to own cases regarding primary data and unrestricted
      regarding statistics derived from validated data) and gives open access to Web
      pages containing results approved for publication. It also includes internal mail
      for two-way and broadcast messages. Patients' data are essentially those included
      in Eurocord forms. Additional features of the system are: confidentiality;
      inalterability of validated primary data; identifiability of data sources. The
      Unix central computer is accessible via the WWW. For security, data transmission
      is encrypted and passwords are required for access. Copies are regularly updated.
      Data can be loaded from CBBs and TCs. The procedure for creating and updating
      records is user-friendly, with the possibility of errors being minimized by
      extensive automated checks. Validation of patients' records by a manager is
      required before making data available for general statistical analysis. TCs and
      CBBs may retrieve data on their own cases, regardless of validation, as
      individual records or in tables directly transferable to common statistical
      programs. Statistical analysis may be done on validated data from all the
      patients in the Registry or from groups selected according to HLA compatibility
      and disease, type of transplant (related/unrelated), or protocol. Several
      similarly designed and managed national/regional Registries might be networked
      and their data integrated into a multinational Registry. Our system would require
      some additional developments to be used in this way.

PMID- 9949628
TI  - Surface marker abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndromes.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal stem
      cell disorders associated with a variety of abnormalities of mature and maturing
      cells, including surface antigen abnormalities. Granulocytes and monocytes
      function as members of the immune system. Surface antigens serve as biological
      sensors allowing various cells to interact with different stimuli. Abnormalities
      of surface antigens may be associated with defective cell function and may
      indicate a more severe or more advanced stage of the disease. INFORMATION
      SOURCES: The author has a great interest in bone marrow changes in MDS and has
      several previous publications in this field. In addition, relevant articles
      published since 1966 were retrieved using Medline of English literature and were
      included. STATE OF THE ART AND PERSPECTIVES: Several surface antigens in MDS have
      shown abnormal expression either in the intensity of fluorescence or the
      percentage of positive cells. These abnormalities include increased, decreased or
      lineage-aberrant expression. Abnormalities of several surface markers have
      prognostic significance. MDS patients with a low percentage of bone marrow cells
      expressing CD11b had a higher risk of evolution to acute myeloid leukemia and
      shorter survival compared to patients with more than 53% of marrow cells
      expressing CD11b (29 weeks versus 160 weeks). On the other hand, an increased
      percentage of bone marrow cells expressing early or immature markers, such as CD
      13, CD33, CD34 and HLA-DR, has been associated with a worse outcome and with
      progression to a higher risk MDS or to acute myeloid leukemia. However, there are
      numerous discrepancies and inconsistencies in the literature when reviewing
      surface marker changes in MDS. These discrepancies may be related, at least in
      part, to the presence of an intracellular storage compartment of numerous surface
      antigens in the granulocytes and monocytes. Because of these storage pools, the
      techniques of preparing more mature granulocytes and monocytes, such as density
      gradient separation, and the interpretation of results must be carefully
      evaluated. Furthermore, various methods have been used to express abnormal
      results including percentage of positive or negative cells, fluorescent intensity
      (FI) of individual patients or a group of patients using a mean fluorescent
      channel (256 or 1024 channel mode), and finally the expression of FI as molecules
      of equivalent soluble fluorochromes or antibody binding capacities. Several
      mechanisms may be involved in the abnormal expression of surface antigens in MDS
      including defective granulopoiesis, defective intracellular storage pool,
      abnormal membrane of cytoplasmic granules, and the effect of high levels of
      marrow cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and transforming growth
      factor-beta. Standardization of the methods of preparing and studying mature and
      maturing granulocytes and monocytes in MDS has to be achieved in order to produce
      comparable results, thus allowing surface marker studies to be utilized as
      diagnostic and prognostic tools in MDS.

PMID- 9949629
TI  - Ocular presentation and successful outcome of invasive sphenoid sinus
      aspergillosis in acute myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - We report the case of a 73-year-old male with acute myelogenous leukemia, who
      progressively developed a cavernous sinus syndrome during the aplastic phase
      after induction chemotherapy. Although the clinical, serological and radiological
      findings suggested an invasive sphenoid sinus aspergillosis, endoscopic ethmoido
      sphenoidectomy allowed definitive diagnosis of the infection. After surgery,
      fungal eradication and reversal of the neurophtalmological damage paralleled
      complete hematologic remission. The differential diagnoses of the patient ocular
      symptoms are discussed. Early recognition, prompt intervention and immunologic
      reconstitution are essential for successful outcome of paranasal mycoses in
      immunosuppressed patients.

PMID- 9949630
TI  - Unusual bone marrow metastases in a breast cancer patient.

PMID- 9949631
TI  - Increased bcl-2/bax ratio in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated
      with a progressive pattern of disease.
AB  - In order to evaluate clinical implications of altered expression of bcl-2 and bax
      proteins in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) we studied 27 patients with
      this disease. Cytofluorometric levels of bcl-2 did not reflect the status of
      disease. In contrast bax expression was lower in progressive than in non
      progressive disease, therefore leading to a higher bcl-2/bax ratio in patients of
      the former group. If confirmed in longitudinal studies, quantitative
      cytofluorometric evaluation of bcl-2 and bax protein might help to identify
      patients with progressive disease who could possibly benefit from early therapy.

PMID- 9949632
TI  - Reversal of bone marrow fibrosis in idiopathic myelofibrosis after treatment with
      alpha-interferon.
AB  - A 14-year-old boy presenting with primary myelofibrosis (MMM) was treated with
      alpha-interferon (IFN). After 6 months his spleen was no longer palpable and
      blood counts had returned to normal. A reversal of bone marrow fibrosis was
      histologically documented. Although improvement in symptoms and blood counts has
      been reported, this is only the second description of reversal of bone marrow
      fibrosis in MMM after treatment.

PMID- 9949633
TI  - Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is a highly prevalent defect in Spanish patients
      with venous thromboembolic disease.
AB  - Recent studies suggest that mild hyperhomocysteinemia may be a risk factor for
      venous thromboembolic disease (VTED). In this work we evaluated the prevalence of
      moderate hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with VTED in our area. We found
      hyperhomocysteinemia in 23.4% of 64 patients studied compared with 7.35% of 68
      healthy controls (p = 0.014). Our results suggest that moderate
      hyperhomocysteinemia is one of the most prevalent abnormalities associated with
      VTED.

PMID- 9949634
TI  - Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling in the management of immune
      thrombocytopenic purpura during pregnancy.
AB  - Severe neonatal thrombocytopenia occurs in about 15% of deliveries from women
      with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Conflicting data exist about the real
      usefulness of percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) in evaluating the
      fetal platelet count. We report successful experience, using PUBS, in the
      management of 12 pregnant women with ITP.

PMID- 9949635
TI  - Adenovirus pneumonitis successfully treated with intravenous ribavirin.
AB  - Adenovirus infections are a frequent cause of severe complications in the post
      allogeneic bone marrow transplantation period, and to date, no established form
      of treatment exists. We report the case of an autologous bone marrow transplant
      recipient who developed adenovirus pneumonitis which was successfully treated
      with intravenous ribavirin.

PMID- 9949637
TI  - We've been good citizens.

PMID- 9949636
TI  - Portal and mesenteric venous thrombosis in a patient heterozygous for the 20210 A
      allele of the prothrombin gene.
AB  - We give the first description of portal and mesenteric venous thrombosis
      associated with the 20210 A allele of the prothrombin gene in a 48-year-old woman
      after splenectomy.

PMID- 9949640
TI  - HCFA: Y2K is top priority.

PMID- 9949639
TI  - Time is running out! Are you Y2K compliant?

PMID- 9949638
TI  - Slicing the Medicaid pie.

PMID- 9949641
TI  - Medicaid payment for pharmaceutical care?

PMID- 9949642
TI  - Treating family members? Ethics caution against it.

PMID- 9949643
TI  - Early retirement? Is it possible?

PMID- 9949644
TI  - Physician-assisted suicide: reflections on Oregon's first case.
AB  - The authors analyze Oregon's first reported assisted suicide of Mrs. A as a real
      life application of the Oregon Death with Dignity Act. They critique the
      effectiveness of the Act's safeguards as illustrated by the case of Mrs. A. They
      point out that the Act does not require that physicians be adequately trained in
      palliative care in order to participate in assisted suicide. Most physicians do
      not have such training. Without it, they are not able to effectively present
      alternatives to patients requesting assisted suicide. Most physicians also lack
      the expertise to assess patients' decision-making capacity. Nor does the Act
      ensure that physicians will be in a position to assess coercion of patients'
      decisions. The Act requires physicians to report only minimal information about
      their cases, and there are no enforcement provisions to see that even this is
      done. Under the Act, a good faith standard rather than the more usual negligence
      standard immunizes physicians from civil or criminal liability even when they act
      negligently. The authors demonstrate that the Act protects physicians more than
      patients, and encourages secrecy. The authors conclude that secrecy will need to
      be replaced by openness to permit the kind of examination the practice of
      assisted suicide warrants.

PMID- 9949645
TI  - Assisted suicide: a disability perspective. National Council on Disability.

PMID- 9949646
TI  - Physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia in The Netherlands: a report to the
      House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution.

PMID- 9949647
TI  - The Oregon Death with Dignity Act.

PMID- 9949648
TI  - A model of primary HIV-1 infection.
AB  - We construct a model based on biological principles of the interaction of HIV-1
      with the CD4+ T cells at primary infection. Most of the parameters are obtained
      from the literature, the remainder from fitting the output of the model to data
      from seven patients. On the basis of the model we find that initial viral
      containment is due to an effective immune response. The viral level after the
      initial peak, a surrogate marker of disease progression, was determined by the
      rate of reactivation of memory cells. Differences in this rate may occur because
      of inter- or intra-individual differences in the capability of memory cells to
      recognise and dispose of variants of HIV, either due to immune escape mutations
      within the virus or because the virus directly inhibits reactivation. With no
      choice of parameters could direct and indirect killing produce the gradual loss
      in CD4+ T cells with the observed viral behaviour. The loss of CD4+ T cells is
      perhaps due to defective expansion of activated cells of both HIV specific and
      nonspecific cells. As less memory cells are produced as a result then this
      compartment decreases and hence so do naive numbers through less reversion of
      memory cells to the naive phenotype.

PMID- 9949649
TI  - On the coexistence of three microbial populations competing for two complementary
      substrates in configurations of interconnected chemostats.
AB  - We examine the question of coexistence of three microbial populations competing
      for two complementary rate-limiting substrates in configurations of
      interconnected chemostats. It is known that coexistence of two populations
      competing for two rate-limiting substrates is possible in a single chemostat, but
      coexistence is not possible when three populations are involved. We examine
      whether coexistence of three populations becomes possible by considering
      configurations of two or three interconnected chemostats, thus allowing for
      effects of spatial heterogeneity. Computational analysis of the model equations
      indicates that in the case of two chemostats coexistence is possible only for
      specific discrete parameter values where the system is structurally unstable and
      therefore the coexistence state is not practically attainable, whereas in the
      case of three chemostats coexistence is possible for a whole range of parameter
      values where the system is structurally stable and therefore the coexistence
      state can be realized in practice.

PMID- 9949650
TI  - A novel algorithm for tracing the interaction of a track with molecular targets-
      use of Delaunay triangulation.
AB  - This paper describes an efficient method for tracing interactions between a
      radiation track and molecular targets in a cell or nucleus. The method is
      efficient because it ensures that a minimal subset of interactions in the track
      needs to be tested for each score. It is most useful for high-energy particles
      since the number of interactions and range of the tracks increase with particle
      energy. In this method, the set of interactions, i.e. the track, is considered as
      a collection of points in three-dimensional space. This set, together with the
      eight vertices of a bounding box, is discretised as a collection of tetrahedra,
      each of which satisfies the Delaunay criterion. Because of the geometric
      properties of these tetrahedra, only those points which are connected to vertices
      of tetrahedra through which the target passes need be tested for scoring. An
      efficient algorithm is used to follow the track through the cell or the nucleus.
      The main benefit of the method is that it eliminates the need to test those
      interactions which are geometrically distant from the target. In particular, in
      cases where there are no interactions in the target, very few interactions need
      to be checked.

PMID- 9949651
TI  - The effect of random vaccine response on the vaccination coverage required to
      prevent epidemics.
AB  - The response people have to vaccination varies because their immune systems
      differ and vaccine failures occur. Here we consider the effect that a random
      response, independent for each vaccinee, has on the vaccination coverage required
      to prevent epidemics in a large community. For a community of uniformly mixing
      individuals an explicit expression is found for the critical vaccination coverage
      (CVC) and the effect of the vaccine response is determined entirely by the mean
      E(AB), where A and B, respectively, reflect the infectivity and susceptibility of
      a vaccinated individual. This result shows that the usual concept of vaccine
      efficacy, which focuses on the amount of protection the vaccine provides the
      vaccinee against infection, is not adequate to describe the requirements for
      preventing epidemics when vaccination affect infectivity. The estimation of E(AB)
      poses a problem because A and B refer to the vaccine response of the same
      individual. Similar results are found when there are different types of
      individual, but now the mean E(AB) may differ between types. However, for a
      community made up of households it is shown that the CVC also depends on other
      characteristics of the vaccine response distribution. In practice this means that
      estimating a single measure of vaccine effectiveness is generally not enough to
      determine the CVC. For a specific community of households it is found that the
      vaccination coverage required to prevent epidemics decreases as the variation in
      the vaccine response increases.

PMID- 9949652
TI  - Sleepless in New Jersey.

PMID- 9949654
TI  - Planning for compliance.

PMID- 9949653
TI  - Pain in the back.

PMID- 9949655
TI  - Simulating memory.

PMID- 9949656
TI  - Pain management. The mind matters.

PMID- 9949657
TI  - Recommendations for occupational exposures to HIV.

PMID- 9949658
TI  - Ethical dimensions. Medical decisions for EMS.

PMID- 9949659
TI  - Chronic disseminated infection and intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin.

PMID- 9949660
TI  - Toward hospitals without paper.

PMID- 9949661
TI  - [Heparin therapy: 1998 (current use of the 80-year-old heparin)].
AB  - The 80th anniversary of the best known glycosaminoglycan, a mixture of
      mucopolysaccharides, named heparin by Howell and Holt in 1918 is celebrated this
      year. It was widely used during the last six decades in prevention and treatment
      of venous thromboembolism causing a significant decrease of death from pulmonary
      embolism and the morbidity of deep venous thrombosis. Conventional,
      unfractionated heparin is also administered on many other topics. Some more than
      ten years ago the fractionated, low-molecular-weight heparins were introduced
      into clinical practice and it seems increasingly likely that the fractionated
      preparations of this classic drug will take over the dominating role. The present
      study intends to summarize the today's possibilities of prevention and treatment
      of thromboembolism mostly on the venous side of circulation.

PMID- 9949662
TI  - [Polysomnographic screening of infants at risk for SIDS].
AB  - The authors present a Sudden Infant Death Syndrome prevention program. The study
      analyses the data of 92 children having participated in the complex prevention
      program, including polysomnography, between May 1997 and February 1998. The role
      of polysomnography and its use as a clinical method is described through the
      statistical analysis of the results of the study.

PMID- 9949663
TI  - [Paraneoplastic nephropathy associated with adult renal carcinoma (immunologic
      and clinicopathologic study)].
AB  - Rare "paraneoplastic nephropathies" are associated with a wide variety of human
      tumors. Little is known about the pathogenetical background. To our knowledge no
      systematic study about the association of potentially "immunogenic" renal cell
      cancer (RCC) and "paraneoplastic nephropathy" has been published so far. An
      immunohistochemical analysis of native kidneys and a nephrological follow up of
      60 patients with renal cell cancer (RCC) treated at the Department of Urology,
      medical University, Pecs (Hungary) between 1993-1998 has been performed. Cellular
      and humoral immunity was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Clinical/laboratory
      parameters of the patients with tumor associated nephropathy were pre- and
      postoperatively registered. Eleven IgA-nephropathy (IgA-NP) and 5 focal segmental
      glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), manifested in preoperative clinical signs in 11 out of
      16 cases were found. Clinical symptoms disappeared in 6 out of 8 IgA-NP patients
      by tumor nephrectomy in a follow up of 38.7 (18-51) months. Eleven out of 16
      tumors were stained with the identical anti human immunoglobulin (IgA or IgM)
      present in the glomerular immune complexes. The RCC-associated VHL (von Hippel
      Lindau) protein was detectable in 3 out of 8 IgA-NP patients as an antigen
      component of their nephritogenic immune complexes. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
      (TIL) considered as a local sign of cellular tumor immunity were more frequently
      present in tumors associated with nephropathy than without it (69% vs 25%).
      Pathogenetic correlation between the tumor immunity in renal cell carcinoma and
      "paraneoplastic IgA-nephropathy" has been demonstrated in some of the cases.
      Tumor nephrectomy excluding the need of post-operative single kidney biopsies
      should be a safe tool in the differential diagnosis of tumor-associated
      nephrological conditions.

PMID- 9949665
TI  - [Opening of the university medical school in Ghana].

PMID- 9949664
TI  - [Additive effect of marihuana and retrovirus in the anergy of natural killer
      cells in mice].
AB  - Among the immunosuppressive effects of marijuana, impairment of natural killer
      cell activity is significant. HIV also inhibits these cells. Friend leukemia
      virus complex and its helper component Rowson-Parr virus induce early
      immunosuppression in mice resembling human AIDS, and late leukemia, providing a
      small animal AIDS model. Leukemia susceptible BALB/c and resistant C57BL/6 mice
      were infected with these viruses. At different time points, their natural killer
      cells separated from spleens were treated with 0 to 10 micrograms/ml
      tetrahydrocannabinol, subsequently mixed with Yac-1 target cells for 4 and 18 h.
      The natural killer cell activity in both mouse strains infected by either virus
      complex or helper virus weakened on days 2 to 4 postinfection, normalized by day
      8 and enhanced on days 11 to 14. Natural killer cell activity upon the effect of
      low concentration (1.0 to 2.5 micrograms/ml) of tetrahydrocannabinol slightly
      increased in BALB/c, was unaffected in C57BL/6, especially in 18 h assays. In the
      combined effects of marijuana and retrovirus, damages by marijuana dominated over
      those of retroviruses. Inhibition or reactive enhancement of natural killer cell
      activity on the effect of viruses are similar to those of infected but marijuana
      free counterparts, but on the level of uninfected cells treated with marijuana.
      The effects of marijuana and retrovirus are additive resulting in anergy of
      natural killer cells.

PMID- 9949666
TI  - [Medals of Hungarian gerontology].

PMID- 9949667
TI  - Epidemiology and prognosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in a tertiary
      care center.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology and prognosis of P. aeruginosa
      bloodstream infections in a tertiary-care center. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis.
      SETTING: Tertiary-care teaching hospital in Mexico City. PATIENTS: All cases of
      P. aeruginosa bacteremia diagnosed from 1981 to 1994. DATA: Relevant demographic,
      clinical and therapeutic variables were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 153
      bacteremias were found between 1981 and 1994, with a mean prevalence of 4.1
      episodes per 1000 hospital discharges. Twenty-five percent of the infections
      derived from the biliary tract, and the most frequent underlying diseases were
      hematologic malignancies. The overall crude mortality was 46% (70/153) whereas
      mortality in the nosocomially-acquired episodes was 47% (58/124). Mortality
      within the first 72 h was 24% (37/153). A multivariate analysis showed six risk
      factors associated with a fatal outcome: age > or = 40 years, shock, mechanical
      ventilation, prior use of antibiotics, splenectomy and inappropriate selection of
      antibiotics. CONCLUSION: The identification of risk factors, and therefore a
      prompt instauration of specific antibiotic therapy, improved the prognosis of
      these severely ill patients.

PMID- 9949668
TI  - Effects of metformin on fibrinogen levels in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine fibrinogen levels in obese patients with type 2 diabetes
      and assess its changes with the use of metformin. METHODS: 60 obese patients (BMI
      > 27) with type 2 diabetes were studied in an open, two phase, prospective,
      randomized and comparative study. The pre-treatment phase was a period of four
      weeks of a controlled diet. In the treatment phase they were divided in two
      subgroups of 30. One received metformin as a daily single tablet of 850 mg and
      increasing the dosage to two or three tablets depending on their metabolic
      control. The second subgroup received 24 units of DNA-recombinant insulin
      subcutaneously (two thirds of dose before breakfast, and the remaining third
      before dinner). The insulin dosage was adjusted according to the metabolic
      response. A control group was formed by 60 non diabetic obese patients with only
      the controlled diet. RESULTS: The mean values of plasma glucose, fibrinogen
      levels and body mass index did not change in the pretreatment phase in controls
      and diabetics. These parameters decreased significantly in the metformin subgroup
      in the treatment phase (p < 0.001). Only glucose decreased in the insulin
      subgroup. There were no changes in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to
      improving metabolic control, metformin showed to be a good therapeutic
      alternative in modifying fibrinogen levels in type 2 diabetic patients.

PMID- 9949669
TI  - Alpha-thalassemia in a selected population of Mexico.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To identify by molecular biology the alleles of alpha-Thal in selected
      hospital populations. METHODS: Eighteen propositi with hematological and
      biochemical data suggestive of alpha-thalassemia, selected from 356 patients of
      four hospitals in two cities with probable hemoglobinopathy were investigated for
      six common alpha-Thal alleles. Molecular studies were done by PCR and digestion
      with specific restriction enzymes. RESULTS: The alpha 3.7 allele was identified
      in two cases and the family study revealed the same allele in the mother; HbS
      heterozigocity was also detected in one of them. An analysis with Apa I
      demonstrated a class I deletion in both patients. The present study showed 2/356
      (0.6%) of alpha 3.71 carriers which is a low frequency as compared with other
      countries. As no other common alpha-thalassemia alleles were found, we suspect
      that alpha-Thal in Mexico is as heterogeneous at a molecular level as beta-Thal.

PMID- 9949670
TI  - [Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in a mexican institution].
AB  - AIM: To analyze the general characteristics and outcome of laparoscopic
      adrenalectomy in our institution. METHODS: The clinical and intraoperative
      characteristics, complications and outcome of 29 consecutive patients undergoing
      lateral transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy between February 1995 and
      January 1998 were analyzed. RESULTS: Their mean age was 34 +/- 11 years, 6 were
      males and 23 females. The most common preoperative diagnosis was recurrent
      Cushing's disease followed by functioning adenomas and pheochromocytomas. There
      were 17 unilateral and 12 bilateral adrenalectomies. The mean operative time was
      2.5 +/- 1 hours for each gland. Two patients were converted to the open
      technique. There were two complications: a wound infection and a postsurgery
      hypoglycemia. The hypoglycemic patient also developed massive upper
      gastrointestinal bleeding 18 days after surgery and died. The mean postoperative
      hospital stay was 5 days. In a mean follow-up of one year, recurrence of one
      pheochromocytoma was seen. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was a safe
      operation that favored early recovery.

PMID- 9949671
TI  - [Free amino acids in plasma and milk of mexican rural lactating women].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the free amino acid pool in plasma and milk in Mexican
      rural lactating women. METHODS: Twenty-eight women with an age 24 +/- 5.0 (+/-
      SD) years, weight 50 +/- 4.9 kg and height 148 +/- 4.8 cm were studied under
      metabolic balance conditions. Subjects were divided into five groups (three
      groups of lactation at 1st, 3rd and 6th month, one post-weaning group and a
      control group of non pregnant, non lactating women). Amino acid analyses of the
      diet and of plasma and milk samples were performed using an automated amino acid
      analyzer. RESULTS: Differences were observed between the lactation groups and the
      other groups: aspartate increased at the 6th month (p < 0.05) while leucine,
      valine and isoleucine declined in the 3rd month (p < 0.05). In milk, valine,
      proline and taurine decreased at 6 months (p < 0.05), while serine and threonine
      raised at 3 months. Plasma levels were > 4 fold greater than milk levels for
      branched chain amino acids and for the basic, aromatic and neutral amino acids.
      In contrast, glutamate was 40 fold higher in milk than plasma and it was the
      predominant amino acid in the free pool of milk. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest
      that the metabolic use of amino acids and the presence of specific amino acid
      transport systems during lactation, contribute to specific concentrations of free
      amino acids in milk that were not associated with the pool of free amino acids in
      plasma.

PMID- 9949672
TI  - [Hematopoietic growth factors induce proliferation of non-hematopoietic tumor
      cells].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of hematopoietic growth factors (HGF) on the
      proliferation of non-hematopoietic cells such as fibroblasts and epithelial cells
      of normal and tumoral origin. METHODS: The lymphoid factor IL-2 and the myeloid
      HGF assayed were IL-3, G-CSF, GM-CSF and M-CSF. The cellular proliferation was
      determined by measuring the amount of crystal violet dye incorporation by cells
      through spectrophotometry. RESULTS: All myeloid HGF tested stimulated the
      proliferation of cell lines 5637, CaLo and L-929. These results suggest that the
      stromal cells can be induced to proliferate by myeloid growth factors hinting to
      a bilateral interaction between these two types of cells as it is known that
      stromal cells in turn secrete HGF. We also observed that for the mouse
      fibroblastic and epithelial cells, IL-2 was unable to induce proliferation in
      normal cells but had a strong effect on transformed cells. Finally we discuss our
      observation that tumour cells responded to IL-2 as a possible mechanism for an
      immune escape by these cells through IL-2 depletion.

PMID- 9949673
TI  - [Antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in patients with HIV in Yucatan].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of antibodies type IgG to T. gondii in
      patients with HIV infection type 1 in the Yucatan peninsula. METHODS: 95 patients
      with HIV and 100 blood donors as controls were studied. The search for IgG
      antibodies to T. gondii was done with a third generation solid-phase enzyme
      immunoassay. Clinical and demographic data were obtained. RESULTS: The prevalence
      of antibodies was higher (p = 0.003) in controls (69%, CI95 = 59-78%) than in
      patients (47%, CI = 36-57%). No relation was found between seroreactivity and the
      variables evaluated (gender, urban or rural home, age) nor with CD4 T-cell counts
      and clinical categories. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of T. gondii antibodies
      in both groups suggests that the zoonosis is endemic in the Yucatan peninsula.
      This justifies the routine determination of antibodies and the use of therapeutic
      protocols for preventing encephalitis by toxoplasma in HIV patients as a high
      percentage of them would be at risk of developing it.

PMID- 9949674
TI  - [Testicular lymphoma in two patients with AIDS and two without AIDS].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical, morphological and inmunophenotypic
      characteristics and followup of testicular non Hodgkin lymphomas seen in a
      referral center. METHODS: We reviewed the cases of testicular lymphoma seen from
      1987 to 1997. We obtained data of laboratory tests, radiological findings,
      clinical course, treatment and new immunohistochemical studies (CD45, CD20, CD43,
      Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein and antibodies UCHL-1). We performed a
      blind analysis to identify the morphological variables associated to the clinical
      course. The Fisher exact test was used for statistical significance
      identification. RESULTS: 53 patients with testicular tumors were seen. Four of
      them were lymphomas (7.5%) with a mean age of 47 years (range 33-73) and two of
      the four had AIDS. A comparative analysis showed major local invasion of surgical
      margins and systemic progression in the AIDS cases. Immunohystochemical testing
      showed that the neoplasia was formed by B cells negative for Epstein-Barr virus
      latent membrane protein. The two patients without AIDS showed no evidence of the
      disease after 64 and 144 months of followup. The AIDS cases died one and three
      months after the diagnosis of testicular lymphoma was made. CONCLUSIONS: The four
      cases of testicular lymphoma were of B cell lineage without immunohystochemical
      expression for Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein. There was a more
      aggressive clinical course in the cases associated with AIDS.

PMID- 9949675
TI  - [First two years of an external quality assurance program for urinalysis].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the first two years of a strip uroanalysis quality
      assurance scheme operating in Mexico. METHODS: The participants received 8
      shipments of four controls each as dried tablets to be dissolved and analyzed
      with urine strips. The number of participants increased from < 50 in the 1st
      shipment to > 200 in the 8th. They assayed 6-10 analytes depending on the strip
      used and sent in 763 reports. For each report we calculated a score per analyte
      (n = 4), per shipment (n = 24 to 40) and a global score in the 8 shipments (n =
      707 to 763 reports). The scores ranged from zero (excellent accuracy) to a
      maximum of 400 and were calculated by comparison with the modal value of about
      600 American and Canadian laboratories which assayed the same controls using
      exclusively Bayer strips and instrumental readings. RESULTS: The best score was
      for nitrites (global score of 3 in 741 reports) and the worst for specific
      gravity (58 in 744 reports); the other analytes had scores from 11 to 19 (Table
      1). The scores of four types of methods (Table 2) showed the best results with
      Bayer strips and instrumental readings (score of 13 in 469 reports) and the worst
      with strips of other suppliers (scores of 28 for visual and 31 for instrumental
      readings) and intermediate with visual readings of Bayer strips (score of 21).
      CONCLUSIONS: 1. Our results led us to the decision to exclude from the program
      participants who do not use Bayer strips as our program may disorient them
      instead of helping to improve their assays. 2. We confirmed that instrumental
      readings perform better than visual readings. 3. The causes of suboptimal
      performance in specific gravity need to be explored.

PMID- 9949676
TI  - [Interpretation of negative clinical trials].
AB  - Randomized clinical trials without statistically significant differences between
      treatment groups may provide useful information for clinicians. However, negative
      trials must be interpreted cautiously, since the absence of evidence of treatment
      effect is not the same as evidence of absence of treatment effect. Before the
      reader of a negative article can conclude that one intervention was not better
      than the other, the potential causes of a negative study should be explored. The
      objective of this manuscript is to critically describe some of the most common
      methodological problems that can explain the lack of difference between studied
      groups in randomized clinical trials.

PMID- 9949677
TI  - [Role of renal interstitial pressure on chronic control of arterial blood
      pressure].
AB  - Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the kidney is involved in
      the generation and maintenance of arterial hypertension. The evidence comes from:
      1) experimental models of hypertension showing that induction of all secondary
      forms of hypertension require some maneuvers to reduce the renal sodium and water
      excretion; 2) the existence of several rat models with genetic hypertension
      exhibiting a shift of the pressure-natriuresis relationship toward higher
      pressures; 3) renal transplantation experiments between normal and genetically
      hypertensive rats showing that hypertension follows the kidney; and 4) human
      genetic disease with chronic changes in arterial blood pressure levels in which
      all identified genes so far are part of a common pathway for renal sodium
      reabsorption. It is well known that pressure-natriuresis is the mechanisms by
      which any changes in arterial pressures are followed by changes in renal sodium
      excretion. However, it has been recognized now that the interstitial pressure in
      renal medulla is the linkage between arterial pressure levels and the amount of
      sodium reabsorption. Thus, the medullary interstitial pressure might be involved
      in the long-term control of systemic arterial pressure. Part of these new lines
      of evidence associating the renal medullary interstitial pressure in the control
      of arterial pressure are due to the availability of new methods such as laser
      doppler flowmetry and videomicroscopy, that allows the measurement of blood flow
      in renal cortex and medulla separately. Several studies with this methodology
      show that medullary, but not cortical pressure and blood flow correlate
      positively with natriuresis. What still remains unsolved is the mechanism by
      which renal sodium reabsorption increases or decreases after changes in the
      medullary interstitial pressure occur.

PMID- 9949678
TI  - [Clinical competence and incompetence].

PMID- 9949679
TI  - G-protein-coupled, extracellular Ca(2+)-sensing receptor: a versatile regulator
      of diverse cellular functions.

PMID- 9949680
TI  - Peptide hormones, steroid hormones, and puffs: mechanisms and models in insect
      development.

PMID- 9949681
TI  - Nuclear matrix and steroid hormone action.

PMID- 9949682
TI  - Coregulatory proteins in nuclear hormone receptor action.

PMID- 9949683
TI  - Molecular action of androgen in the normal and neoplastic prostate.

PMID- 9949684
TI  - Regulation of androgen action.

PMID- 9949685
TI  - Regulation of estrogen action: role of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases.

PMID- 9949686
TI  - Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein.

PMID- 9949687
TI  - Regulated expression of the bone-specific osteocalcin gene by vitamins and
      hormones.

PMID- 9949688
TI  - Benevolence.

PMID- 9949689
TI  - Release records and manage confidentiality?

PMID- 9949690
TI  - Pancreas divisum--the role of ERCP in children.
AB  - Pancreas Divisum (PD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the pancreas
      leading to chronic pancreatitis in children. The best diagnostic procedure to
      establish this diagnosis is Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
      (ERCP). Utilizing ERCP as a therapeutic modality (sphincterotomy, stone removal),
      enables the clinician to improve symptoms and reduce morbidity. In this report,
      we describe the clinical presentation and outcome of three children with chronic
      pancreatitis who were subsequently diagnosed with PD by ERCP. We recommend that
      ERCP should be considered in children with chronic pancreatitis of unknown
      etiology.

PMID- 9949691
TI  - Carotid artery dissection: a challenging diagnosis.
AB  - Spontaneous extracranial internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) is a rare
      vascular event. Even in the presence of existing signs and symptoms, the
      diagnosis can be missed by experienced clinicians of all specialties. This is a
      report of a patient who presented with symptomatic bilateral dissection
      manifested as partial Horner's syndrome. The diagnosis was made after several
      clinical evaluations with the use of duplex ultrasound and angiography.

PMID- 9949692
TI  - Guidelines for treating depression using non-selective serotonin reuptake
      inhibitors.
AB  - While the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are safe
      and effective agents that are frequently prescribed for the treatment of
      depression, non-SSRI antidepressants also have potential benefits to offer the
      depressed patient. A review of the literature offers guidelines for choosing
      between these two therapeutic categories.

PMID- 9949693
TI  - Women's health, chronic disease, and disease management: new words and old music?

PMID- 9949694
TI  - Chronic disease, women's health, and "disease management": the latest trend?

PMID- 9949695
TI  - Strategies for follow-up and treatment services in state breast and cervical
      cancer screening programs.
AB  - This report describes strategies used to provide diagnostic follow-up and
      treatment services to low-income women screened through the National Breast and
      Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program.

PMID- 9949696
TI  - Self-esteem differences as a function of race and weight preoccupation: findings
      and implications.
AB  - The relationship of weight and diet preoccupation and self-esteem among black and
      white college females is examined.

PMID- 9949698
TI  - Sib mating designs for mapping quantitative trait loci.
AB  - The power to separate the variance of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) from the
      polygenic variance is determined by the variability of genes identical by descent
      (IBD) at the QTL. This variability may increase with inbreeding. Selfing, the
      most extreme form of inbreeding, increases the variability of the IBD value
      shared by siblings, and thus has a higher efficiency for QTL mapping than random
      mating. In self-incompatible organisms, sib mating is the closest form of
      inbreeding. Similar to selfing, sib mating may also increase the power of QTL
      detection relative to random mating. In this study, we develop an IBD-based
      method under sib mating designs for QTL mapping. The efficiency of sib mating is
      then compared with random mating. Monte Carlo simulations show that sib mating
      designs notably increase the power for QTL detection. When power is intermediate,
      the power to detect a QTL using full-sib mating is, on average, 7% higher than
      under random mating. In addition, the IBD-based method proposed in this paper can
      be used to combine data from multiple families. As a result, the estimated QTL
      parameters can be applied to a wide statistical inference space relating to the
      entire reference population.

PMID- 9949697
TI  - Correlates of condom coupon redemption among urban sexually transmitted disease
      clinic patients.
AB  - This study expands upon coupon distribution strategies used to measure male
      condom acquisition in HIV/AIDS prevention by incorporating both female and male
      condoms and examining factors related to coupon redemption among urban STD clinic
      patients.

PMID- 9949699
TI  - Genetic analysis of extended life span in Drosophila melanogaster. I. RAPD screen
      for genetic divergence between selected and control lines.
AB  - Using lines selected for long life by Luckinbil and his co-workers, we screened
      two selected and two control lines for allelic frequency differences at 1200
      randomly chosen RAPD marker loci. Twenty-three marker loci showed frequency
      differences in excess of 80%, and five were greater than 90%. Age-specific
      effects of the five most differentiated loci were estimated by collecting
      complete survival data in segregating backcross populations. Alleles at four of
      the five marker loci were associated with significant extension of life span in
      males, while two marker loci had significant effects in females. Eighty percent
      of the total selection response in males can be explained by the identified
      QTL's, under the assumption of additivity. The N14+ marker allele accounted for a
      12-day life span extension in males, but had little effect in females. Both sex
      limited and sex-shared effects were observed. Analysis of age-specific mortality
      rates suggests that life span extension occurs by a combination of genetic
      factors that moderate both the level of mortality and the rate at which mortality
      increases with age.

PMID- 9949700
TI  - Genetic analysis of extended life span in Drosophila melanogaster. II.
      Replication of the backcross test and molecular characterization of the N14
      locus.
AB  - We are interested in localizing chromosomal regions that extend life span in
      Drosophila. Using stocks artificially selected for long life by Luckinbill and
      his colleagues, we have identified marker loci that are highly divergent in
      allelic frequencies between replicated long-lived lines and controls (Curtsinger
      et al., 1998). Several of the most divergent loci have been found to be
      associated with effects on life span in segregating backcross populations. Here
      we report an independent replication of the backcross test for the N14 marker
      locus, previously reported to extend male life spans by 12 days. The life span
      effect successfully replicates in males. N14 accounts for 30% of the total
      selection response in males. Life span extension occurs by a decrease in age
      specific mortality rates at all ages, and is not attributable to modification of
      the slope of the age-specific mortality curve. The effect in females is small or
      nonexistent. Sequencing of the N14 locus shows that it is non-coding and not
      obviously regulatory, suggesting that the phenotypic effect arises from linkage
      disequilibrium with another locus or loci that directly affect life span. N14 DNA
      hybridizes to 63F/64A on the left arm of chromosome 3. The location is consistent
      with previous whole-chromosome substitution studies, and suggests new candidate
      genes for life span extension in Drosophila, including ras2.

PMID- 9949701
TI  - Identification of enhancer-like elements in the ribosomal intergenic spacer of
      Odontophrynus americanus 2n and 4n (Amphibia, Anura).
AB  - Repetitive elements are found in the ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS) of most
      organisms. A particularly complex pattern of internal repetition occurs in the
      IGSs of O. americanus 2n and 4n, which are composed of several types of BamHI
      subrepeats (B-SRs). The most repetitive one is approximately 87 bp long, and is
      highly represented in the IGS variants of these amphibians. Sequence analyses of
      six diploid and two tetraploid B-SRs show 87% and 86% homology, respectively, and
      related secondary structure predictions. The comparison of the 2n and 4n B-SR
      sequences aligned with the 81 bp enhancer of Xenopus laevis reveals 36% homology.
      Furthermore, other B-SR features like size, number, and secondary structures
      resemble those of Xenopus enhancers, suggesting that B-SRs may function as
      regulators of O. americanus rDNA transcription. The present data also corroborate
      the close evolutionary relationship between 2n and 4n O. americanus species.

PMID- 9949702
TI  - Origin and decay of the P element-associated latitudinal cline in Australian
      Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The latitudinal cline in P transposable element-associated characteristics in
      eastern Australian populations of Drosophila melanogaster has changed between
      1986 and 1991-1994. New collections were made in 1991-1994 from localities along
      the eastern coast of Australia. P element-associated properties of 256 isofemale
      lines from 43 localities were evaluated using gonadal dysgenesis and/or singed
      weak hypermutability assays. The overall results indicate that both P activity
      and P susceptibility have declined, with all populations showing a tendency
      towards a state with little P activity potential but with P repressor function
      (neutral or 'Q'). P repressor function is strong in all populations except some
      of the most southernly. P activity potential peaks at about 27 degrees SLat, and
      drops off to the south (as in 1983-1986 collections) and to the north (in
      contrast to 1983-1986 collections); thus the cline is no longer a simple P-to-Q
      to-M pattern from north to south, but is now Q-P-Q-M. A mtDNA RFLP that
      putatively distinguishes North American and European populations varies in
      frequency among the populations but the frequency does not vary clinically with
      latitude, ruling out massive introductions from North America and Europe as
      causing the cline.

PMID- 9949703
TI  - RNA expression from a site-specific non-LTR retrotransposon microinjected into
      Xenopus oocytes.
AB  - Tx1L is a site-specific non-LTR retrotransposon (NLR) that has been identified in
      the genome of Xenopus laevis. Using microinjection into Xenopus oocytes, several
      aspects of RNA expression by these elements were investigated. With constructs
      carrying various parts of the element we saw no evidence of promoter activity,
      unlike what has been shown for several other elements of this class. Tx1L
      transcription was induced by linking a whole element to a promoter that is active
      in oocytes. Among the RNAs produced, about half had 3' ends located near the end
      of the element, suggesting that instruction for 3' end formation are encoded in
      the element or its target. Deletion of the 3' UTR of Tx1L and of surrounding
      target sequences indicated that these regions are not required for termination or
      processing of the RNA. PolyA or very A-rich sequences were added at these 3'
      ends, despite the absence of canonical polyA addition signals. A significant
      proportion of non-A residues was found in the 3' untemplated tails, and this is
      reminiscent of non-templated insertions often found at the 3' junction of new
      genomic copies of some NLRs.

PMID- 9949704
TI  - Population database of STRs in west Africa: a genetic study of TPOX, HUMVWA31/A,
      HUMTH01, and CYP19.
AB  - Four tetrameric STRs (TPOX, HUMVWA31/A, HUMTH01, and CYP19) were analysed in a
      West African population (Cabo Verde). No significant deviations from Hardy
      Weinberg proportions were observed, either in conventional or exact tests.
      Pairwise comparisons confirmed allelic independence for all the combinations of
      loci. Data is provided for the first time about CYP19 in Black populations. In
      comparisons between African and Afro-American populations, significant frequency
      differences for several alleles at the TH01 and VWA31/A loci were observed. The
      allele frequencies provided in this study contribute to a better knowledge of the
      variability of these markers among the main human groups, especially in the
      context of Subsaharan African populations.

PMID- 9949705
TI  - Ironic effects of repetition: measuring age-related differences in memory.
AB  - Four experiments examined ironic effects of repetition, effects opposite to those
      desired (cf. D. M. Wegner, 1994). For an exclusion task, participants were to
      respond "yes" to words heard earlier but "no" to words that were read earlier.
      Results from young adults given adequate time to respond showed that false alarms
      to earlier-read words decreased with their repetition. An opposite, ironic effect
      of repetition was found for elderly adults--false alarms to earlier-read words
      increased with repetition. Younger adults forced to respond quickly or to perform
      a secondary task while reading words showed the same ironic effect of repetition
      as did elderly adults. The process-dissociation procedure (L. L. Jacoby, 1991,
      1998) was used to show that factors that produce ironic effects do so by reducing
      recollection while leaving effects of repetition on familiarity unchanged.

PMID- 9949706
TI  - Age, testing at preferred or nonpreferred times (testing optimality), and false
      memory.
AB  - Two experiments investigated whether age and testing at preferred (optimal) times
      of day or nonpreferred (nonoptimal) times affected the ability to select relevant
      from irrelevant but thematically related alternatives in a verbal false memory
      paradigm. A 3rd experiment pursued the same issues with a visual false memory
      paradigm. In all 3 experiments, younger adults (n = 195) correctly recalled
      studied items more often than older adults (n = 121), whereas the 2 age groups
      correctly recognized about the same numbers of previously studied items. In all 3
      experiments, nonoptimally tested older adults had more difficulty excluding
      nonstudied but thematically related items than the other groups; thus, they
      showed the greatest evidence of false memory, although all groups did so to a
      significant extent. The results suggest that optimality and its circadian
      determinants need to be considered with some tasks for the elderly. Various
      models and mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 9949707
TI  - Priming of visual and functional knowledge on a semantic classification task.
AB  - Several lines of evidence suggest that semantic memory may be organized according
      to domain-specific attributes (e.g., visual or functional). Repetition priming
      both within and across these semantic knowledge domains was measured in 4
      experiments to determine whether retrieval of one attribute can occur
      independently of retrieval of other attributes. The authors found a strong same
      attribute priming advantage that persisted even when the classification task
      differed between study and test. Also evident was a small but consistent cross
      attribute priming effect. Cross-attribute priming was not affected by changes in
      the modality of the test item, suggesting that the effect reflects the repetition
      of conceptual, and not perceptual, processes. On the basis of these results, the
      authors suggest that conceptual priming reflects the recapitulation of both
      domain-specific and nonspecific semantic processing.

PMID- 9949708
TI  - The effects of perceptual interference at encoding on organization and order:
      investigating the roles of item-specific and relational information.
AB  - Interfering with the perceptual processing of a stimulus can improve memory. The
      perceptual-interference effect was investigated from the perspective of the item
      specific/relational encoding distinction. This perspective suggests that
      perceptual interference enhances item-specific encoding but disrupts the encoding
      of relational and order information. The results of 6 experiments were largely
      consistent with this view. In Experiments 1 and 2, perceptual interference (a
      hypothesized item-specific manipulation) and list organization (a relational
      manipulation) both enhanced free recall but had opposite effects on a measure of
      relational processing (category clustering). Increasing list organization
      increased clustering, whereas perceptual interference decreased clustering. In
      addition, perceptual interference typically decreased memory for order. Finally,
      when order information was an important determinant of free recall, the
      perceptual-interference effect was eliminated or reversed. When reliance on order
      information was lessened, the perceptual-interference effect reemerged.

PMID- 9949709
TI  - Dimensions of mood in mood-dependent memory.
AB  - In this investigation of the roles of 2 different dimensions of mood
      (pleasantness and arousal) in mood-dependent memory (MDM), participants generated
      words while listening to a selection of independently rated mood music (normative
      study and Experiment 5). Then they recalled the words while listening to another
      mood-music selection (Experiments 1-3) or to a verbal-mood scenario (Experiment
      4). Changing only the dimension of mood pleasantness from generation to recall
      decreased memory whether the intended moods were explicitly defined or not.
      However, changing only arousal decreased memory only when moods were defined.
      Thus, pleasantness-dependent memory, but not arousal-dependent memory, occurred
      consistently. Although MDM also occurred with simultaneous changes in both
      dimensions, the effect was not significantly greater than that of pleasantness
      dependent memory. The results are discussed in terms of 2-dimensional theories of
      emotion as applied to memory.

PMID- 9949710
TI  - Phonotactic influences on short-term memory.
AB  - The impact of phonotactic probabilities on serial recall was investigated in a
      series of experiments. In Experiments 1A and 1B, 7 and 8 year olds were tested on
      their serial recall of monosyllabic words and of nonwords varying in phonotactic
      frequencies. A recall advantage to words over nonwords remained when stimuli were
      balanced for phonotactic probability, but nonword recall showed superior accuracy
      for high over low probability nonwords, as in Experiment 2. The nonword frequency
      effect appears to reflect the frequency of constituent syllables rather than
      biphones. Both lexicality and high phonotactic frequency led to increased
      proportions of full over partial recall of the memory stimuli. These findings
      indicate that decayed memory traces in phonological short-term memory can be
      reconstructed using either lexical or phonotactic knowledge.

PMID- 9949711
TI  - Dissociating judgment from response processes in statement verification: the
      effects of experience on each component.
AB  - This research used the stochastic judgment model of statement verification to
      demonstrate a dissociation between judgment and response processes and
      investigated hypotheses about the effects of practice on each component. Data
      from respondents judging statements as true or false under various payoffs
      supported the dissociation and the following conclusions: Their ability to
      discriminate true from false depended on knowledge domain but not on payoffs.
      Experience with the domain did not improve this ability but did decrease the
      trial-by-trial confidence variability associated with memory search. Practice in
      a different domain had no such effect. Response criteria depended only on payoffs
      and experience. Criterion variability decreased with cumulative practice over
      domains. Most respondents had a bias to say "true" under symmetric payoffs, which
      did not dissipate with experience. Theoretical implications of the results are
      discussed.

PMID- 9949712
TI  - Mental representations of perspective and spatial relations from diagrams and
      models.
AB  - In previous research (D. J. Bryant, B. Tversky, & N. Franklin, 1992; N. Franklin
      & B. Tversky, 1990), the authors showed that spatial knowledge conveyed by
      descriptions and direct experience induces participants to take the perspective
      of a character surrounded by objects. In this study, the authors used models and
      diagrams to convey the same information. With models, as with descriptions and
      experience, participants adopted the character's perspective (the spatial
      framework analysis). With diagrams, participants took an outside perspective (the
      intrinsic computation analysis). Even when informationally equivalent, different
      depictions made salient different aspects of the world. When instructed, however,
      participants were able to take either the inside or the outside perspective in
      memory for both diagrams and models. Depth cues in depictions also govern
      participants' perspective. When diagrams contained rich pictorial depth cues,
      participants used the spatial framework analysis, and when models were viewed
      without access to depth cues, participants relied on the intrinsic computation
      analysis.

PMID- 9949713
TI  - The relationship between skill learning and repetition priming: experimental and
      computational analyses.
AB  - Skill learning and repetition priming are considered by some to be supported by
      separate memory systems. The authors examined the relationship between skill
      learning and priming in 3 experiments using a digit entering task, in which
      participants were presented with unique and repeated 5-digit strings with
      controlled sequential structure. Both skill learning and priming were observed
      across a wide range of skill levels. Performance reflected the effects of
      learning at 3 different levels of stimulus structure, calling into question a
      binary dichotomy between item-specific priming and general skill learning. Two
      computational models were developed which demonstrated that previous
      dissociations between skill learning and priming can occur within a single memory
      system. The experimental and computational results are interpreted as suggesting
      that skill learning and priming should be viewed as 2 aspects of a single
      incremental learning mechanism.

PMID- 9949714
TI  - Unusual modality effects in less-skilled readers.
AB  - University students who were skilled or less-skilled readers were compared on
      tests of auditory information processing and immediate serial recall of auditory
      and visual digits. Reading skill was defined by performance on a pseudoword
      reading task. The good readers exhibited typical modality effects with higher
      recall of auditory than visual items from the last 3 serial positions. On the
      terminal list item, the less-skilled readers showed a modality effect comparable
      with that of the skilled readers, but on other list items the modality effect
      reversed and a visual superiority was obtained. Results were discussed in terms
      of C. G. Penney's (1989) separate-streams model of short-term verbal memory.

PMID- 9949715
TI  - Building syntactic structure in speaking.
AB  - We investigated how people produce simple and complex phrases in speaking using a
      newly developed immediate recall task. People read and tried to memorize a target
      sentence, then read a prime sentence, then did a distractor task involving the
      prime sentence. Despite the delay and activity between memory and recall, people
      could still recall the target sentence although the syntactic form of the
      recalled sentence was influenced by the syntactic form of the prime sentence.
      This result replicates the syntactic priming effect found with other experimental
      paradigms. Using this task, we tested how people used abstract syntactic plans to
      produce simple and complex noun phrases. We found syntactic priming both when
      targets and prime sentences matched in complexity and when they did not match,
      suggesting that simple and complex noun phrases are built by the same syntactic
      routines during speech production.

PMID- 9949716
TI  - The effect of Arabic vowels on the reading comprehension of second- and sixth
      grade native Arab children.
AB  - This study investigated the effect of Arabic vowels on the reading comprehension
      of native Arabic speakers. This issue has not been addressed yet. Two groups of
      native Arabic speakers were randomly sampled, one from two elementary schools in
      the Haifa area, and the other from two elementary schools in Nazareth. Both
      groups in both experiments read Arabic texts in two reading conditions, vowelized
      and unvowelized; the older group (n = 74) answered 10 multiple-choice
      comprehension questions about each story, and the younger group (n = 71) answered
      seven multiple-choice comprehension questions. The results revealed that vowels
      were a significant facilitator of reading comprehension in both age groups.
      Considering these results, reading in Arabic orthography is not an autonomous
      word recognition process. An alternative approach is suggested for reading
      Arabic.

PMID- 9949717
TI  - Distraction of attention and the slope of the psychometric function.
AB  - The influential uncertainty model [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2, 1508 (1985)] attributes
      nonlinear contrast sensitivity near threshold to the inability of the observer to
      discriminate between the signal from stimulated locations and the noise from
      nonstimulated locations. We introduce an alternative interpretation, the
      distraction model, to describe the behavior of an observer who knows exactly
      which location was stimulated but may miss the test stimulus because attention
      has been distracted by irrelevant (noise) signals. For any stimulus sample, the
      observer is assumed to be certain of whether this sample is relevant or
      irrelevant to the stimulus. The non-linear effects predicted by the distraction
      model without uncertainty are similar to those predicted by the uncertainty
      model.

PMID- 9949718
TI  - Aging and the saturation of colors. 1. Colorimetric purity discrimination.
AB  - Colorimetric purity (Pc) discrimination functions were measured for 21 color
      normal observers (11 younger and 10 older observers with mean ages of 30 and 74
      years, respectively). On each two-alternative-forced-choice trial, observers saw
      two flashes of light, a broadband white light [CIE(x, y) = (0.33, 0.35)] and a
      mixture of broadband and monochromatic light (420-680 nm). The observer's task
      was to choose the flash that had a chromatic component. Foveally viewed,
      circular, 1.2 degrees-diameter stimuli were presented as 1.5-s flashes with 3-s
      interstimulus intervals in Maxwellian view. Stimuli [250 trolands (td) and 10 td]
      were equated on the basis of individual heterochromatic flicker photometry
      functions. Measured Pc discrimination sensitivity was lower in the older group
      than in the younger group at both light levels, and the performance difference
      between the age groups was approximately constant across the spectrum. The
      difference between discrimination at 10 and 250 td was relatively small for the
      younger group but larger for the older group, indicating a selective performance
      decrement for older observers at low light levels. The data were modeled as a sum
      of differential responses from S-cone and L/M-cone chromatic channels. The model
      and the data indicate similar age-related losses of sensitivity in the two
      channels, perhaps secondary to receptorial sensitivity losses.

PMID- 9949719
TI  - Aging and the saturation of colors. 2. Scaling of color appearance.
AB  - Saturation of two sets of stimuli was scaled by 21 color-normal observers (ten
      younger and 11 older observers, mean ages: 30 and 73 years). Circular fields, 1.2
      degrees in diameter, were presented in Maxwellian view as 1.5-s flashes with 3-s
      interstimulus intervals. Stimuli were mixtures of broadband light [CIE(x, y) =
      (0.35, 0.39), 200 trolands (td)] and monochromatic light (420-700 nm, 50 td).
      Monochromatic lights were equated by the 1978 2 degrees fundamental observer's
      luminosity function in one set of stimuli [J. J. Vos, Color Res. Appl. 3, 125
      (1978) and by each observer's heterochromatic flicker photometry function in the
      other set of stimuli. Comparing the two age groups reveals no sizable differences
      in saturation for either set of stimuli, neither supporting nor refuting neural
      compensation for age-related increases in ocular media density (OMD). Examining
      short-wavelength saturation as a continuous function of estimated OMD reveals a
      more complicated pattern of results, however, suggesting substantial compensation
      over a certain range of OMD values but incomplete compensation for observers with
      the highest OMD values.

PMID- 9949720
TI  - Prophylactic octreotide reduces the severity of histopathologic changes and
      hemodynamic shock in early taurodeoxycholate-induced experimental pancreatitis.
AB  - The findings related to the effects of somatostain and octreotide in experimental
      and clinical acute pancreatitis are so far inconclusive. In this study, we
      examined the early effects of prophylactic octreotide in acute experimental
      pancreatitis. Serum levels of amylase and lipase, pancreatic histopathology and
      systemic hemodynamic profiles, including mean arterial pressure, cardiac index,
      systemic vascular resistance and heart rate, were evaluated 5 hours after
      glycodeoxycholic acid (GDOC) or sodium taurodeoxycholate (TDC)-induced
      pancreatitis with or without prophylactic octreotide (10 micrograms/Kg) in rats,
      GDOC and TDC induced mild and severe pancreatitis, respectively. Octreotide
      significantly reduced serum levels of amylase and lipase at 5 hours in GDOC and
      TDC-induced pancreatitis. Octreotide significantly reduced the severity of
      pancreatic edema, necrosis and hemorrhage in TDC-induced pancreatitis. In
      addition, hemodynamic shock in TDC-induced pancreatitis was improved
      significantly by the administration of octreotide (mean arterial pressure 70.3 +/
      7.7 vs. 95.0 +/- 3.5 mmHg, p < 0.05; cardiac index 16.7 +/- 2.5 vs. 24.0 +/- 5.1
      ml.min-1. 100 g-1, p < 0.05). However, octreotide did not show significant
      beneficial effect in pancreatic histopathology and hemodynamics in GDOC-induced
      pancreatitis. Thus we conclude that prophylactic octreotide improves pancreatic
      histopathology and hemodynamic shock in TDC-induced pancreatitis.

PMID- 9949721
TI  - A statistical approach to data analysis and 3-D geometric description of the
      human head and face.
AB  - Many analytical biomechanical methods require extensive three-dimensional
      statistical description of anatomical geometry. In particular, to design personal
      protective items for the human head and face, where good fit is critical, it is
      inevitable that a three-dimensional statistical description of this complicated
      structure will be needed. The work here offers an approach to this problem. This
      approach consists of three steps: (1) osteometric scaling, (2) normative specimen
      accumulation and (3) statistical testing. Three groups of facial data (24 Asian,
      29 Black, and 29 White) were digitized. The effectiveness and accuracy of the
      statistical approach was tested on these three different experimental specimen
      sets. The method was found to be very accurate in modelling the most complicated
      human body parts--head and face. The availability of this detailed geometric
      information will also open many doors for future research and development of
      muscle controlled prostheses, repair of ligament damage, and in-vivo bone
      remodelling.

PMID- 9949723
TI  - Identification of a novel family of human Rab-like small GTP-binding proteins.
AB  - The presence of a novel family of Rab-like proteins (Rlp) in the human genome is
      reported. The gene encoding the Rlp-2 was isolated from a human lymphocyte
      genomic library. The Rlp-2 gene is intronless and was mapped to chromosome Xq21.3
      using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Several cDNA clones encoding the Rlp-1
      were identified in a human hippocampus lambda library. Northern analysis revealed
      a 2.1-kb transcript of Rlp-1 expressed predominantly in brain, heart and skeletal
      muscle. The transcript was also observed in all examined regions of the human
      brain at a similar level. An additional gene, termed Rlp-3, which is highly
      related to Rlp-1 and Rlp-2, was found in the GenBank Data Base. The predicted
      molecular mass for Rlp is approximately 31 kDa and is consistent with that of Rlp
      1 synthesized in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 9949722
TI  - The structural, biochemical, and genetic characterization of a new radiation
      induced, variegated leaf mutant of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr].
AB  - A variegated leaf mutant in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has been identified
      and characterized. E25-10 was derived by exposure of seeds of the "Williams' 82"
      cultivar to gamma-radiation. In this mutant, yellow leaf sectors contain
      defective chloroplasts, in which the thylakoid membranes are presented as long,
      parallel structures with little or no overlap. No starch grains have been
      detected in the mutant chloroplasts. Small vesicles and plastoglobuli can be
      found within the defective chloroplasts. Genetic studies revealed that a single
      nuclear-encoded gene is responsible for the mutation in E25-10. The total
      chlorophyll content is reduced in yellow leaf tissue by 70-80%. However, the
      chlorophyll a/b ratio is not altered. The absorbance spectrum of pigments in the
      mutant leaf tissue differed from that of the green extracts in the range of 400
      500 nm. This reduction in total chlorophyll and the change in the absorbance
      spectrum pattern in the yellow tissue is related to a loss of certain
      photosynthetic complexes. Green gel analysis revealed that four major pigment
      protein complexes (CP1, LHCP1, LHCP2, and CPa) of the thylakoid membranes were
      absent in the E25-10 mutant. Lithium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel analysis
      showed that at least 5-6 polypeptides (51, 44, 25, 15, 13, and 12 kDa) were
      missing in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts from the yellow tissue.
      Changes in chloroplast- and nuclear-encoded gene message levels were detected.
      The psaA transcripts which code for the P700 apoprotein in PSI were reduced in
      chloroplasts from the E25-10 mutant yellow tissue. The levels of the large
      subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) and light harvest complex
      protein (LHCP) of PSII mRNA appeared to be reduced slightly in the mutant plants.
      However, a much more significant reduction in the 16S rRNA and the small subunit
      of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcS) expression was detected in the yellow
      leaf sectors. Our results suggest that the possible lesion in E25-10 is located
      in the photosystem I even though fewer grana were observed in the defective
      chloroplasts.

PMID- 9949724
TI  - ESI/ion trap/ion mobility/time-of-flight mass spectrometry for rapid and
      sensitive analysis of biomolecular mixtures.
AB  - An ion trap/ion mobility/time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique is shown to
      be a rapid and sensitive means of analyzing peptide/protein mixtures. In this
      approach, an ion trap is used to accumulate ions that have been electrosprayed
      from a mixture into concentrated packets. The ion packets are injected into a
      drift tube where components of the mixture are separated based on differences in
      mobility through a buffer gas. Ions that exit the drift tube are dispersed in a
      time-of-flight mass spectrometer for mass-to-charge (m/z) determination. The gas
      phase separation strategy reduces congestion in the mass spectrum, and
      experimental mobilities complement m/z measurements in assigning peaks. Examples
      of the application of the approach to identification of peptides (from tryptic
      digests) and to separation of charge-state distributions from electrospray of a
      mixture containing ubiquitin and myoglobin are presented. Most peptides that are
      observed from tryptic digests of proteins such as cytochrome c and myoglobin can
      be identified from data that are acquired in under 1 min; studies of mixtures
      with known compositions indicate that detection limits are approximately 0.5-3
      pmol for individual components. Factors that may influence the distributions that
      are observed, such as storage time in the trap, injection voltages used for the
      mobility experiment, and variations in ion cross section with charge state, are
      discussed.

PMID- 9949726
TI  - Micellar liquid chromatography: a worthy technique for the determination of beta
      antagonists in urine samples.
AB  - Several beta-antagonists (acebutolol, atenolol, celiprolol, labetalol,
      metoprolol, nadolol, propranolol) were determined in urine samples with
      fluorometric detection after direct injection, in less than 15 min, with a
      micellar mobile phase of 0.1 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 15% propanol, and 1%
      triethylamine at pH 3. The limits of detection (38 criterion) were usually
      between 3 and 30 ng/mL. The addition of propanol and triethylamine and the
      reduction of the pH of the mobile phase improved the efficiency of the
      chromatographic peaks that was rather low in pure micellar eluents. The selection
      of the composition of the mobile phase was easily performed through the use of an
      interpretive procedure which considered the retention times and peak shapes of
      the beta-antagonists in six chromatograms, obtained at varying concentrations of
      SDS (0.05-0.15 M) and propanol (5-15% v/v). The chromatograms of urine samples
      from healthy volunteers, which were administered atenolol, metoprolol, and
      propranolol, showed only one peak for the former drug and several peaks for the
      other two. These peaks corresponded to the parent drug and metabolites, which
      indicated the partial and the extensive degradation of metoprolol and
      propranolol, respectively.

PMID- 9949725
TI  - Monoclonal antibody-based ELISAs for part-per-billion determination of polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons: effects of haptens and formats on sensitivity and
      specificity.
AB  - As a first step toward developing sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
      (ELISAs) for multianalyte detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),
      haptens with different lengths of carboxylic acid spacers at various positions
      were derived from naphthalene, fluorene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene,
      fluoranthene, chrysene, and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). These haptens were coupled with
      bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form competitor conjugates. All of these haptens
      were recognized to different extents by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 4D5 and
      10C10 originally derived by Gomes and Santella (Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1990, 3, 307
      310). The most sensitive indirect ELISAs were obtained by coating wells with the
      least competitive conjugates. Direct ELISAs using horseradish peroxidase
      conjugates of pyrene and BaP were less sensitive. The MAbs bound BaP with spacers
      at either C1 or C6. The cross-reactivity profiles of the eight PAHs were
      different with each PAH-BSA conjugate used as coating antigen. The ELISA results
      for BaP closely correlated with those by gas chromatography (GC), but the
      detection limit of the ELISA was approximately 150-fold more sensitive than that
      of GC, with 2-600 nM spike recoveries of 80-127% from human urine and canal and
      tap water.

PMID- 9949727
TI  - DNA biochip using a phototransistor integrated circuit.
AB  - This work describes the development of an integrated biosensor based on
      phototransistor integrated circuits (IC) for use in medical detection, DNA
      diagnostics, and gene mapping. The evaluation of various system components
      developed for an integrated biosensor microchip is discussed. Methods to develop
      a microarray of DNA probes on nitrocellulose substrate are discussed. The biochip
      device has sensors, amplifiers, discriminators, and logic circuitry on board.
      Integration of light-emitting diodes into the device is also possible. To achieve
      improved sensitivity, we have designed an IC system having each phototransistor
      sensing element composed of 220 phototransistor cells connected in parallel.
      Measurements of fluorescent-labeled DNA probe microarrays and hybridization
      experiments with a sequence-specific DNA probe for the human immunodeficiency
      virus 1 system on nitrocellulose substrates illustrate the usefulness and
      potential of the DNA biochip.

PMID- 9949728
TI  - Polymer-based lanthanide luminescent sensor for detection of the hydrolysis
      product of the nerve agent Soman in water.
AB  - The techniques of molecular imprinting and sensitized lanthanide luminescence
      have been combined to create the basis for a sensor that can selectively measure
      the hydrolysis product of the nerve agent Soman in water. The sensor functions by
      selectively and reversibly binding the phosphonate hydrolysis product of this
      agent to a functionality-imprinted copolymer possessing a coordinatively bound
      luminescent lanthanide ion, Eu3+. Instrumental support for this device is
      designed to monitor the appearance of a narrow luminescence band in the 610-nm
      region of the Eu3+ spectrum that results when the analyte is coordinated to the
      copolymer. The ligand field shifted luminescence was excited using 1 mW of the
      465.8-nm line of an argon ion laser and monitored via an optical fiber using a
      miniature spectrometer. For this configuration, the limit of detection for the
      hydrolysis product is 7 parts per trillion (ppt) in solution with a linear range
      from 10 ppt to 10 ppm. Chemical and spectroscopic selectivities have been
      combined to reduce the likelihood of false positive analyses. Chemically
      analogous organophosphorus pesticides tested against the sensor have been shown
      to not interfere with determination.

PMID- 9949729
TI  - Characterization of allosteric insulin hexamers by electrospray ionization mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - Electrospray mass spectrometry is used at pH 8.0 in combination with accurate
      mass measurements to confirm the multiplicity of insulin in stable noncovalent
      complexes with Zn(II) ions. Determination of the nature and number of ligands
      involved in Zn(II) chelation is in agreement with crystal and solution
      structures. Counting the number of ligands participating in each center allows
      deduction of the geometric configuration of the ligand field and gives indirect
      information about the conformational state of the insulin monomers in solution.

PMID- 9949730
TI  - Postcolumn reaction detection with dual-electrode capillary electrophoresis
      electrochemistry and electrogenerated bromine.
AB  - This is the first report of postcolumn amperometric reaction detection for
      capillary electrophoresis and dual-electrode detection. Bromide present in the
      run buffer is oxidized to bromine at the first electrode and subsequently
      detected at a second electrode downstream. Analytes that react with bromine cause
      a decrease in signal at the downstream electrode that is proportional to analyte
      concentration. Bromine is known to react with a variety of compounds, including
      thiols, thioethers, disulfides, amines, and unsaturated organic compounds. In
      this paper, the development of a new wire--wire on-capillary dual electrode that
      is well suited to bromine-based post-column reaction detection is described.
      System performance was evaluated using glutathione, cysteine, and methionine as
      test analytes. The final optimized system could be operated continuously for 24 h
      and was stable for day-to-day use for at least two weeks. The response for
      cysteine was linear from 0.5 to 20 microM with a limit of detection of
      approximately 80 nM.

PMID- 9949731
TI  - An array immunosensor for simultaneous detection of clinical analytes.
AB  - A fluorescence-based immunosensor has been developed for simultaneous analysis of
      multiple samples. A patterned array of recognition elements immobilized on the
      surface of a planar waveguide is used to "capture" analyte present in samples;
      bound analyte is then quantified by means of fluorescent detector molecules. Upon
      excitation of the fluorescent label by a small diode laser, a CCD camera detects
      the pattern of fluorescent antigen:antibody complexes on the sensor surface.
      Image analysis software correlates the position of fluorescent signals with the
      identity of the analyte. This immunosensor was used to detect physiologically
      relevant concentrations of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), F1 antigen from
      Yersinia pestis, and D-dimer, a marker of sepsis and thrombotic disorders, in
      spiked clinical samples.

PMID- 9949732
TI  - Characterization of transthyretin mutants from serum using immunoprecipitation,
      HPLC/electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - A mass spectrometry approach for the detection and identification of variants of
      the plasma protein transthyretin (TTR) is presented. The single amino acid
      substitutions found in TTR are closely associated with familial transthyretin
      amyloidosis (ATTR), a hereditary degenerative disease. A definitive diagnosis of
      ATTR relies on the detection and identification of TTR variants. The approach
      presented here is based on isolation of serum TTR using immunoprecipitation. The
      detection of the variant is achieved by mass measurement of the intact protein
      with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS). The liquid
      chromatography/ESIMS analysis of the tryptic digest of the protein followed by
      subsequent matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight
      mass spectrometry and MALDI postsource decay of the relevant recovered
      chromatographic fraction containing the variant peptide allows the identification
      of unknown variants. The method was successfully tested using serum from ATTR
      patients with known variants (Val30-->Met and Val122-->Ile). A new TTR variant,
      Ser23-->Asn, was detected and identified using the above method where isoelectric
      focusing and restriction enzyme analysis failed to identify the nature of the
      variant.

PMID- 9949733
TI  - Phase correction for collision model analysis and enhanced resolving power of
      fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectra.
AB  - Phase correction of FT-ICR data yields an absorption spectrum that offers a gain
      by up to a factor of 2 in mass resolving power (at half-maximum peak height),
      compared to conventional magnitude-mode display. That improvement is equivalent
      to doubling the applied magnetic field strength, without loss in signal-to-noise
      (S/N) ratio, provided that the time-domain data are padded with an equal number
      of zeroes before FFT. Our simple, visual, user-interactive algorithm quickly
      corrects for zero-order and first-order variation of phase with frequency. We
      find that the theoretical mass resolving power enhancement for pressure-limited
      absorption-mode over magnitude-mode line shape depends on the collision
      mechanism: factor of 1.40 for hard sphere vs 3(1/2) for Langevin (ion: induced
      dipole). Thus, the experimental enhancement in mass resolving power (factor of
      1.43 +/- 0.09) for isotopically resolved peaks in the FT-ICR mass spectra of
      electrosprayed bovine carbonic anhydrase (approximately 29 kDa) directly supports
      the hard-sphere collision model. Optimal implementation of phasing requires the
      following: (a) a delay between excitation and detection of less than half of one
      sampling interval to avoid baseline "roll" and Gibb's oscillations; (b) accurate
      analog-to-digital conversion; (c) a sufficiently long acquisition period to yield
      several data points per absorption-mode peak width at half-maximum peak height;
      and (d) avoidance of FT-ICR apodization functions (e.g., Hamming and Hanning)
      that suppress the initial time-domain data. Pulsed single-frequency excitation
      (duration much less than the reciprocal of the Nyquist bandwidth) can eliminate
      higher than first-order variation of phase with frequency. Phased FT-ICR spectra
      should prove especially desirable for analysis of complex mixtures, for resolving
      isotopic distributions in electrosprayed multiply charged macromolecules and for
      characterizing ion collisions (and thus ion size and shape).

PMID- 9949734
TI  - Structural analysis of glycoconjugates by on-target enzymatic digestion and MALDI
      TOF-MS.
AB  - Exoglycosidase digestion combined with matrix-assisted laser
      desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) has been
      demonstrated to be an effective method for the structural characterization of
      glycoconjugates and oligosaccharides in picomolar amounts. A sample preparation
      method is described, in which 6-aza-2-thiothymine (ATT) in water is used as
      matrix and enzymes are dialyzed before use against a low concentration of
      volatile buffer such as ammonium acetate. Under these conditions, a series of
      sequential on-target exoglycosidase treatments was carried out in one single
      analyte spot in the presence of ATT matrix. Subsequent mass spectrometric
      analysis of the resulting products yielded information on both the completeness
      of the reaction and structural features of the glycoconjugates such as
      monosaccharide sequence, branching pattern, and anomeric configurations of the
      corresponding glycosidic linkages. The results show that all exoglycosidases used
      retain their activity in the presence of ATT matrix. Hence, structural analysis
      of carbohydrates or mixtures thereof can be performed very fast, without
      intermediate desalting steps or sample splitting. This approach is illustrated by
      the analysis of underivatized glycans, oligosaccharide derivatives,
      glycopeptides, and glycolipids. Depending on the analyte, amounts of sample
      required could be limited to a few picomoles.

PMID- 9949735
TI  - Utility of wiring nitrate reductase by alkylpyrroleviologen-based redox polymers
      for electrochemical biosensor and bioreactor applications.
AB  - The purpose of this work was to see if the alkylpyrroleviologen redox polymer
      technology previously developed for a reagentless nitrate biosensor based on
      nitrate reductase (NaR) from Escherichia coli (Cosnier, S.; Innocent, C.;
      Jouanneau, Y. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 3198-3201) could be applied to the isozyme
      from Aspergillus niger. In particular, the enzyme viability after immobilization
      was of great interest, as Cosnier et al. reported a residual activity of only
      0.33% of the amount initially applied. The present work showed that A. niger NaR
      lost 99.2% of soluble activity on vacuum-drying in the presence of 2.5 nM N
      methyl-N'-(12-[pyrrol-1-yl]dodecyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium ditetrafluoroborate monomer
      (C12V2+) and that most of this loss was due to monomer inhibition (91%). The loss
      due to dehydration was only 8%. In the biosensor configuration, the enzyme gave a
      residual activity of 0.18% of the amount originally applied and a specific
      response of 1.7 mA M-1 cm-2, but all activity was lost after 4 d storage at 4
      degrees C in phosphate buffer. It was concluded that for practical biosensors and
      bioreactors, modification of the redox polymer format was needed, for example by
      covalent immobilization, to effect higher loading of viable NaR and improved
      enzyme stability.

PMID- 9949736
TI  - Use of poly(tetrafluoroethylene)s as a sample support for the MALDI-TOF analysis
      of DNA and proteins.
AB  - Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of DNA and
      proteins, directly deposited on the poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (Teflon) surface,
      is demonstrated. For DNA analysis, this technique apparently produces a more
      homogeneous coverage of the matrix/DNA over the sample surface. Moreover, it
      enhances the sensitivity and salt tolerance. As described here, this technique
      can also achieve an excellent mass resolution, similar to that observed using a
      metal probe for DNA up to 62mer. We also examined the use of Teflon as a sample
      support for protein analysis since Teflon has been used as a transfer membrane.
      Less than 25 fmol of myoglobin has been detected with this technique. In
      addition, effective MALDI-TOF analysis of salt-contaminated protein samples can
      also be accomplished by loading the protein sample onto Teflon, followed by steps
      of washing away salts, adding the matrix, and desorbing sample directly from
      Teflon.

PMID- 9949737
TI  - Assessment of risk from multimedia exposures of children to environmental
      chemicals.

PMID- 9949738
TI  - Medical waste treatment and disposal methods used by hospitals in Oregon,
      Washington, and Idaho.
AB  - This study investigated medical waste practices used by hospitals in Oregon,
      Washington, and Idaho, which includes the majority of hospitals in the U.S.
      Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Region 10. During the fall of 1993, 225
      hospitals were surveyed with a response rate of 72.5%. The results reported here
      focus on infectious waste segregation practices, medical waste treatment and
      disposal practices, and the operating status of hospital incinerators in these
      three states. Hospitals were provided a definition of medical waste in the
      survey, but were queried about how they define infectious waste. The results
      implied that there was no consensus about which agency or organization's
      definition of infectious waste should be used in their waste management programs.
      Confusion around the definition of infectious waste may also have contributed to
      the finding that almost half of the hospitals are not segregating infectious
      waste from other medical waste. The most frequently used practice of treating and
      disposing of medical waste was the use of private haulers that transport medical
      waste to treatment facilities (61.5%). The next most frequently reported
      techniques were pouring into municipal sewage (46.6%), depositing in landfills
      (41.6%), and autoclaving (32.3%). Other methods adopted by hospitals included
      Electro-Thermal-Deactivation (ETD), hydropulping, microwaving, and grinding
      before pouring into the municipal sewer. Hospitals were asked to identify all
      methods they used in the treatment and disposal of medical waste. Percentages,
      therefore, add up to greater than 100% because the majority chose more than one
      method. Hospitals in Oregon and Washington used microwaving and ETD methods to
      treat medical waste, while those in Idaho did not. No hospitals in any of the
      states reported using irradiation as a treatment technique. Most hospitals in
      Oregon and Washington no longer operate their incinerators due to more stringent
      regulations regarding air pollution emissions. Hospitals in Idaho, however, were
      still operating incinerators in the absence of state regulations specific to
      these types of facilities.

PMID- 9949739
TI  - Impact of residential nitrogen dioxide exposure on personal exposure: an
      international study.
AB  - Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations were measured during two-day winter periods
      in indoor and outdoor environments, and these concentrations were compared with
      simultaneously measured personal exposures in 18 cities in 15 countries around
      the world. Information was also gathered on activity patterns and household
      characteristics in order to determine the influences of these factors on personal
      exposures. All NO2 measurements were taken using passive filter badges. Personal
      exposures were found to vary greatly among the array of cities, with mean
      concentrations ranging between 11.0 ppb and 51.5 ppb. Personal NO2 exposures were
      more strongly correlated with indoor concentrations (r = 0.75) than with outdoor
      concentrations (r = 0.57) when all countries were considered simultaneously. Use
      of a gas stove in the home was the dominant activity influencing NO2
      concentrations, with a 67% increase in mean personal NO2 exposure and an increase
      in indoor-outdoor ratios from 0.7 to 1.2 for participants using gas stoves,
      although preliminary evidence indicates the importance of combustion space
      heaters as well. These associations indicate the global nature of the correlation
      between personal NO2 exposures and indoor NO2 sources such as gas stoves or space
      heaters, demonstrating that this relationship is not dependent on country
      specific parameters.

PMID- 9949740
TI  - Promoting the health and well-being of future generations.

PMID- 9949741
TI  - Annotation: children's disengagement from medical homes--a neglected public
      health imperative.

PMID- 9949742
TI  - Who should be offered prenatal diagnosis? The 35-year-old question.
AB  - Prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal disorders is generally offered to women who
      will be 35 years or older at the time of delivery or who have been determined via
      serum screening to be at risk similar to that of a woman older than 35 years.
      This age threshold was based on 4 major rationales that reflect considerations of
      resources and effectiveness. In this paper, we explore the current screening
      recommendations and consider new information that calls the 35-years threshold
      into question. We conclude that guidelines regarding use of prenatal diagnosis
      account for the preferences of the individual patient as well as for individual
      risk.

PMID- 9949743
TI  - The role of state policies and programs in buffering the effects of poverty on
      children's immunization receipt.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the influence of public policies on the
      immunization status of 2-year old children in the United States. METHODS: Up-to
      dateness for the primary immunization series was assessed in a national sample of
      8100 children from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey and its
      1991 Longitudinal Follow-Up. RESULTS: Documented immunization rates of this
      sample were 33% for poor children and 44% for others. More widespread Medicated
      coverage was associated with greater likelihood of up-to-dateness among poor
      children. Up-to-dateness was more likely for poor children with public rather
      than private sources of routine pediatric care, but all children living in states
      where most immunizations were delivered in the public sector were less likely to
      be up to date. Poor children in state with partial vaccine replacement programs
      were less likely to be up to date than those in free-market purchase states.
      CONCLUSIONS: While state policies can enhance immunization delivery for poor
      children, heavy reliance on public sector immunization does not ensure timely
      receipt of vaccines. Public- and private-sector collaboration is necessary to
      protect children from vaccine-preventable diseases.

PMID- 9949744
TI  - The impact of physician bonuses, enhanced fees, and feedback on childhood
      immunization coverage rates.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects on immunization
      coverage of 3 incentives for physicians--a cash bonus for practice--wide
      increases, enhanced fee for service, and feedback. METHODS: Incentives were
      applied at 4-month intervals over 1 year among 60 inner-city office-based
      pediatricians. At each interval, charts of 50 randomly selected children between
      3 and 35 months of age were reviewed per physician. RESULTS: The percentage of
      children who were up to date for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis and
      Haemophilus influenzae type b; polio; and measles-mumps-rubella immunization in
      the study's bonus group improved by 25.3 percentage points (P < .01). No
      significant changes occurred in the other groups. However, percentage of
      immunizations received outside the participating practice also increased
      significantly in the bonus group (P < .01). Levels of missed opportunities to
      immunize were high in all groups and did not change over time. Physicians'
      knowledge of contraindications was low. CONCLUSIONS: Bonuses sharply and rapidly
      increased immunization cover-age in medical records. However, much of the
      increase was the result of better documentation. A bonus is a powerful incentive,
      but more structure or education may be necessary to achieve the desired results.

PMID- 9949745
TI  - The effectiveness of the Reach for Health Community Youth Service learning
      program in reducing early and unprotected sex among urban middle school students.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a community youth service
      (CYS) program in reducing sexual risk behaviors among African American and Latino
      urban young adolescents. METHODS: A total of 1061 students at 2 urban middle
      schools were surveyed at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Students at one school
      were randomly assigned by classroom to receive either the Reach for Health CYS
      program or the Reach for Health classroom curriculum only. Students at the other
      school served as controls. RESULTS: At follow-up. CYS participants reported
      significantly less recent sexual activity (P < .05) and scored lower on a sexual
      activity index than those in the control condition (P < .03). The greatest effect
      was among eighth graders, who received the most intensive service program (P <
      .03). The benefit of the curriculum-only intervention appeared greatest among
      students in special education classes. CONCLUSIONS: Well-organized CYS that
      couples community involvement with classroom health instruction can have a
      positive impact on the sexual behaviors of young adolescents at risk for HIV,
      sexually transmitted diseases, and unintended pregnancy. This study also suggests
      the importance of including students in special education classes in health
      education programs.

PMID- 9949746
TI  - The impact of condom availability [correction of distribution] in Seattle schools
      on sexual behavior and condom use.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Ten Seattle high schools made condoms available through vending
      machines, baskets in school clinics, or both. This study measured the number of
      condoms that students obtained and subsequent changes in sexual behavior and
      condom use. METHODS: Schoolwide surveys were administered in spring 1993 and in
      spring 1995, before and during the condom availability program. These data were
      compared with data from nationally representative surveys administered at the
      same time. RESULTS: Seattle students obtained an average of 4.6 condoms per year,
      the vast majority from baskets and very few from vending machines. Relative to
      the national samples, the percentage of Seattle students who had ever had sex
      remained stable after the program began; current sexual activity decreased
      significantly; and the percentage of sexually experienced students who used a
      condom the last time they had sex decreased significantly, particularly in the 5
      schools with baskets of condoms in clinics. CONCLUSIONS: Making condoms available
      in Seattle schools enabled students to obtain relatively large numbers of condoms
      but did not lead to increases in either sexual activity or condom use.

PMID- 9949747
TI  - Interior surface materials in the home and the development of bronchial
      obstruction in young children in Oslo, Norway.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the role of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics and
      textile materials in the home in the development of bronchial obstruction during
      the first 2 years of life. METHODS: The study was a matched pair case-control
      study based on a cohort of 3754 newborns in Oslo in 1992 and 1993 who were
      followed up for 2 years. The case group consisted of 251 children with bronchial
      obstruction; the control group was matched one-to-one for date of birth. RESULTS:
      In conditional logistic regression analysis, the risk of bronchial obstruction
      was related to the presence of PVC flooring (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.89; 95%
      confidence interval [CI] = 1.14, 3.14) and textile wall materials (adjusted OR =
      1.58; 95% CI = 0.98, 2.54). The reference category was wood or parquet flooring
      and painted walls and ceiling. Further analysis revealed an exposure-response
      relationship between the assessed amount of PVC and other plasticizer-containing
      surface materials and the risk of bronchial obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: This study
      provides new evidence of the role of PVC and textile wall materials in the
      development of bronchial obstruction in young children.

PMID- 9949748
TI  - Measurement of the validity of a preschool vision screening program.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The validity (sensitivity and specificity) of a preschool vision
      screening program was measured over a 3-year period to determine how well
      strabismus and significant refractive errors could be detected. METHODS: Public
      health nurses were trained to administer tests of visual acuity, stereoacuity,
      and ocular alignment. Failure on any test, visual acuity of 6/9 or less,
      stereoacuity of less than 100 seconds of arc, or an apparent misalignment of the
      eyes resulted in referral to an eye care practitioner. An age-matched control was
      also referred. Analysis of practitioner reports used predefined study-based
      criteria for ocular abnormalities. RESULTS: More than 1100 children were screened
      each year. The annually calculated prevalence of vision problems ranged between
      10.5% and 13.8%. The estimated sensitivity varied from 60.4% to 70.9%
      (specificity, 69.6% to 79.9%). The yield indicated that a very high percentage of
      children with vision problems were identified for the first time. CONCLUSIONS:
      The validity of this screening is comparable to that of other school screenings.
      The limitations are predictable. Consideration should be given to replacing
      visual acuity tests with a rapid, objective measure of refractive error and
      ocular alignment.

PMID- 9949749
TI  - Roe v Wade and American fertility.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This article examines the effect of abortion legalization on
      fertility rates in the United States. METHODS: Fertility rates were compared over
      time between states that varied in the timing of abortion legalization. RESULTS:
      States legalizing abortion experienced a 4% decline in fertility relative to
      states where the legal status of abortion was unchanged. The relative reductions
      in births to teens, women more than 35 years of age, non-White women, and
      unmarried women were considerably larger. If women did not travel between states
      to obtain an abortion, the estimated impact of abortion legalization on birth
      rates would be about 11%. CONCLUSIONS: A complete recriminalization of abortion
      nationwide could result in 440,000 additional births per year. A reversal of the
      Roe v Wade decision leaving abortion legal in some states would substantially
      limit this impact because of the extent of travel between states.

PMID- 9949750
TI  - Implementation of condom social marketing in Louisiana, 1993 to 1996.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This article describes the implementation and impact of the first
      statewide condom social marketing intervention in the United States. METHODS: A
      statewide social marketing program made condoms freely available in 93 public
      health clinics, 39 community mental health centers, 29 substance abuse treatment
      sites, and more than 1000 businesses in neighborhoods with high rates of sexually
      transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV. Surveys about condom use were conducted
      annually. RESULTS: Between 1994 and 1996, more than 33 million condoms were
      distributed without significant opposition. Over time, self-reported condom use
      at the last sexual encounter increased among African American women (from 28% in
      1994 to 36% in 1996), particularly African American women with 2 or more sex
      partners (from 30% to 48%). Condom use at the last sexual encounter increased
      among African American men (from 40% in 1994 to an average of 54% in 1996). The
      number of reported sex partners did not increase. CONCLUSIONS: Condom social
      marketing can be successfully implemented in the United States. The widespread
      availability of free condoms is associated with increased condom use,
      particularly among persons at high risk for STDs and HIV.

PMID- 9949751
TI  - Prevalent urinary incontinence as a correlate of pregnancy, vaginal childbirth,
      and obstetric techniques.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between pregnancy, vaginal
      childbirth and obstetric techniques, and the prevalence of urinary incontinence
      among adult women aged 20 to 59 years. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey enrolled
      a random sample of 6240 women aged 20 to 59 years who were mailed a self
      administered questionnaire focusing on urinary incontinence and other health
      variables. More than 75% of the women responded. The present analysis includes
      4345 women who were not pregnant and did not experience a vaginal childbirth
      during 1994. RESULTS: Multivariate prevalence odds ratios showed increases in
      relation to urinary incontinence during pregnancy, urinary incontinence
      immediately after a vaginal childbirth, and age of 30 years or more at the second
      vaginal childbirth. No multivariate associations were found for forceps delivery
      or vacuum extraction delivery, episiotomy, or perineal suturing. CONCLUSION: Not
      only the process of childbirth itself but also processes during pregnancy seem to
      be strongly associated with prevalent urinary incontinence. Perineal suturing may
      be associated with prevalent urinary incontinence, whereas other obstetric
      techniques inspected do not seem to be so.

PMID- 9949752
TI  - Errors in gestational age: evidence of bleeding early in pregnancy.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This study explored the extent of errors in gestational age as
      ascertained by last menstrual period. METHODS: More than 1.5 million birth
      records (covering the years 1967-1994) from the population-based Medical Birth
      Registry of Norway were used to study variation in gestational age within strata
      of birthweight. RESULTS: Within 100-g strata of birthweight, it was found that
      the observed gestational age distribution could be divided into 3 distinct
      underlying distributions separated by approximately 4 weeks. This pattern was
      present through all birthweight strata, from 200 g up to 4700 g. In addition, the
      apparent misclassification causing a gestational age 4 weeks too short was much
      more common among low-birthweight births than among heavier births. CONCLUSIONS:
      The separation of the gestational age distributions by intervals of close to 4
      weeks suggests that errors in gestational age measurements are caused by factors
      related to menstrual bleeding. Furthermore, there is evidence for a strong
      relation between bleeding at the time of the next menstrual period after
      conception and low birthweight. This conclusion should be approached with caution
      because of the retrospective nature of the data.

PMID- 9949753
TI  - Acculturation and breast cancer screening among Hispanic women in New York City.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether acculturation was associated with the
      receipt of clinical breast examinations and mammograms among Colombian,
      Ecuadorian, Dominican, and Puerto Rican women aged 18 to 74 years in New York
      City in 1992. METHODS: A bilingual, targeted, random-digit-dialed telephone
      survey was conducted among 908 Hispanic women from a population-based quota
      sample. Outcome measures included ever and recent use of clinical breast
      examinations and mammograms. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to
      assess the effect of acculturation on screening use. RESULTS: When demographic,
      socioeconomic, and health system characteristics and cancer attitudes and beliefs
      were controlled for, women who were more acculturated had significantly higher
      odds of ever and recently receiving a clinical breast examination (P < or = .01)
      and of ever (P < or = .01) and recently (P < or = .05) receiving a mammogram than
      did less acculturated women. For all screening measures, there was a linear
      increase in the adjusted probability of being screened as a function of
      acculturation. CONCLUSIONS: Neighborhood and health system interventions to
      increase screening among Hispanic women should target the less acculturated.

PMID- 9949754
TI  - Smokeless tobacco cessation intervention for college athletes: results after 1
      year.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a college
      based smokeless tobacco cessation intervention targeting college athletes.
      METHODS: Sixteen colleges were matched for prevalence of smokeless tobacco use in
      their combined baseball and football teams and randomly assigned within college
      pairs to the intervention or the control group. One-year prevalence of cessation
      among smokeless tobacco users was determined by self-report of abstinence for the
      previous 30 days. Differences between groups were analyzed in a weighted version
      of the Fisher 1-sided permutation test for paired samples after adjustment for
      significant predictors of quitting other than the intervention (i.e., smokeless
      tobacco uses per week and most frequently used brand). RESULTS: Cessation
      prevalences were 35% in the intervention colleges and 16% in the control colleges
      when subjects with unknown quit status were defined as nonquitters. After
      adjustment for other significant predictors of quitting, the difference of 19%
      increased to 21%. The intervention effect increased with level of smokeless
      tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS: This intervention was effective in promoting smokeless
      tobacco cessation, especially among those who were more frequent users.

PMID- 9949755
TI  - Community measures of low-fat milk consumption: comparing store shelves with
      households.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between the proportion of milk
      in food stores that is low-fat and consumption of low-fat milk in the community.
      METHODS: Data were gathered from 503 stores across 53 New York State zip codes.
      In 19 zip codes, a telephone survey measured household low-fat milk use. Census
      data were obtained to examine sociodemographic predictors of the percentage of
      low-fat milk in stores. RESULTS: The proportion of low-fat milk in stores was
      directly related to low-fat milk consumption in households and to the median
      income and urban level of the zip code. CONCLUSIONS: These results support using
      food store shelf-space observations to estimate low-fat milk consumption.

PMID- 9949756
TI  - Predictors of injury among adult recreational in-line skaters: a multicity study.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This study examined risk factors for injury, injury prevalence,
      safety gear use, and skating habits of adult recreational in-line skaters.
      METHODS: Randomly selected in-line skaters in 6 major US cities were interviewed.
      RESULTS: Only 6% of skaters consistently wore all 4 recommended types of safety
      gear. Skaters with greater skating experience were more likely to perform tricks,
      wear less safety gear, and sustain an injury. CONCLUSION: More experienced adult
      recreational in-line skaters are at increased risk for injury. Safety gear use in
      alarmingly low in adult recreational in-line skaters, especially experienced
      skaters. Safe skating education programs should consider targeting this newly
      recognized at-risk skating population.

PMID- 9949757
TI  - Wife abuse among women of childbearing age in Nicaragua.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This study measured the prevalence, frequency, and severity of
      physical wife abuse and its risk factors in Leon, Nicaragua. METHODS: A cross
      sectional survey was conducted with a representative sample of 488 women 15 to 49
      years of age. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of spousal violence was 52% among
      ever-married women (n = 360). Spousal violence was significantly positively
      associated with poverty, parity, urban residence, and history of violence in the
      husband's family. No significant associations were found between spousal violence
      and women's age, education, marital dependency, or occupation. CONCLUSIONS: Wife
      abuse constitutes a major public health problem in Nicaragua, requiring urgent
      measures for prevention and treatment for victims.

PMID- 9949758
TI  - The influence of race on approaching families for organ donation and their
      decision to donate.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether patients' race was associated with their
      families' being approached for organ donation and agreeing to donation. METHODS:
      Logistic regression models were applied to data collected from records at 112
      hospitals. RESULTS: The odds that a family of a White patient was approached for
      donation were nearly twice those for a family of an African American. The odds of
      donation also differed by race, but the magnitude varied by patient and hospital
      characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Much attention directed toward racial disparity in
      donation has focused on attitudes of the public. The behavior of hospital staff
      also may be related to differences in rates.

PMID- 9949759
TI  - From socialist principles to motorcycle maintenance: the origin and development
      of the salaried physician model in the Israeli Public Health Services, 1918 to
      1998.
AB  - For more than 70 years, physicians in the Israeli health care system have been
      employed on a fixed salary rather than on a fee-for-service basis. The present
      report is a brief review of the origin and development of this unique salaried
      physician model and its effect on the terms of physicians' employment. Archival
      documents were reviewed. The salaried physician model was introduced to ensure
      egalitarian health care for patients rather than equal payment for physicians. It
      was accepted by physicians because it guaranteed their employment and income.
      However, over the years, the salaried physician model has evolved into a complex
      wage scale, with multiple fringe benefits that bypass formal agreements in order
      to reward individual physicians. In addition, the salaried physician model has
      encouraged illegal private practice, which is viewed today as one of the major
      problems of the Israeli Public Health Services.

PMID- 9949760
TI  - Mammography screening.

PMID- 9949761
TI  - Ethics and HIV trials.

PMID- 9949762
TI  - Celecoxib for arthritis.

PMID- 9949763
TI  - Drugs for chronic heart failure.

PMID- 9949764
TI  - Structure-mutation analysis of the ATPase site of Dictyostelium discoideum myosin
      II.
AB  - Three loop structures called the P-loop, switch I loop and switch II loop of
      myosin are major components of its ATPase site, and share structural and
      functional homology with the loop structures in other ATPases and GTPases such as
      kinesin and G-protein. Using the alanine scanning mutagenesis, structure-function
      relationship of the switch I and switch II loops in Dictyostelium myosin II was
      examined. Based on crystal structures of Dictyostelium myosin motor domain,
      functions of each residue in those loops are discussed.

PMID- 9949765
TI  - The structural study of membrane proteins by electron crystallography.
AB  - A high-resolution electron cryo-microscope equipped with a top-entry specimen
      stage has been refined by modifying a previously described superfluid helium
      stage. Instruments equipped with such a cryo-stage achieve a resolution of better
      than 2.0 A and have proved extremely powerful in the high-resolution structure
      analysis of membrane proteins. Improvement of the electron microscopic system in
      combination with improved specimen preparation techniques allowed the structure
      of bR to be analyzed to a resolution of 3.0 A. The 3D structure of bR, especially
      the surface features, revealed the structural basis for the efficient guidance of
      protons to the entrance of the transmembrane channel. Based on the characteristic
      difference of the atomic scattering factors for electrons of ionized atoms versus
      neutral atoms as well as the data analysis, charged and uncharged amino acid
      residues could be discriminated. Thus, electron crystallography is providing us
      with new and exciting insights into the structure of membrane proteins because it
      not only enables us to determine the structure of a membrane protein, but allows
      us to study its interaction with the surrounding lipid molecules and to determine
      its ionization state.

PMID- 9949766
TI  - Neural systems for control of voluntary action--a hypothesis.
AB  - Action is the means by which we and animals survive. It consists of a complex
      combination of movements which are either innately endowed or acquired by
      learning. In this article, I propose a hypothesis on the relationship between the
      organization of action and the organization of the brain. Innate and learned
      actions are controlled by different levels of neural networks: innate actions are
      controlled by reflex mechanisms and pattern generators in the spinal cord and
      brainstem, while learned actions are controlled by the cerebral cortex, basal
      ganglia, and cerebellum. However, these mechanisms are by no means independent.
      Phylogenetically, animals have acquired progressively more complex actions by
      gaining neural connections between different neural mechanisms. This is
      accomplished by the connection from newly evolving brain structures, particularly
      the cerebral cortex, to reflex or pattern generator mechanisms, as typically
      observed in the neural mechanism for saccadic eye movement. The cerebral cortex
      is a general purpose device which can be used in different ways depending on
      biological demands; in other words, it is used for learned actions. In
      consequence, a given movement (e.g., saccade) can be produced by different neural
      circuits, all converging onto the movement generation mechanism (e.g., s.c.) in
      an excitatory manner. However, such converging inputs that promote actions are
      likely to produce a chaotic explosion of neural signals. There must be some way
      to prevent the explosion and select signals that are most appropriate for the
      current behavioral context. The basal ganglia system evolved to accomplish this
      goal. It exerts a powerful inhibition on its targets in the brainstem (e.g.,
      s.c.) and the thalamo-cortical system, thereby closing the gate for the action
      promoting excitatory inputs; it also removes the sustained inhibition using
      another inhibition originating in the striatum (input structure of the basal
      ganglia), thereby opening the gate so that an appropriate action is executed.
      There are at least two additional functions of the basal ganglia. First, the
      selection mechanism of the basal ganglia is used also for the selection of
      simulated actions (e.g., thoughts) which are largely controlled by the
      association cortices. Second, it is used for learning of behavioral procedures:
      various kinds of signals from the cerebral cortex converge onto neurons in the
      basal ganglia to generate temporary association of neural signals, whose
      behavioral significance is evaluated by signals from the limbic system via
      dopaminergic neurons. The procedural memories thus created (perhaps in the
      cerebral cortex, particularly premotor cortices) are then used to guide learning
      of individual movements in which the cerebellum plays a crucial role. Thus, the
      implementation of learned actions is carried out by two distinct neural systems,
      each forming a loop circuit: 1) cerebral cortex and basal ganglia; 2) cerebral
      cortex and cerebellum. Although these neural systems are independent
      structurally, they work in parallel and cooperatively to acquire and execute
      learned procedures (actions).

PMID- 9949767
TI  - The neuronal basis of visual memory and imagery in the primate: a
      neurophysiological approach.
AB  - To understand the biological basis of memory is one of the most exciting
      frontiers of science. Single unit recording is a powerful method to investigate
      neuronal correlates of various brain functions such as memory in awake animals.
      Anatomical, neuropsychological, and neurophysiological evidence indicates that
      the IT has an important role not only for synthesizing the analyzed visual
      attribute into a unique configuration, but also for the storehouse of visual
      memory in humans and primates. We performed single unit recordings in the primate
      IT, and found neuronal correlates of visual long-term memory: the IT neurons
      could reflect learned associative relations among stimuli. The findings reviewed
      here support the hypothesis that the IT is a region of the brain where visual
      perception meets memory and imagery.

PMID- 9949768
TI  - Design of protein function by physical perturbation method.
AB  - Based on three-dimensional structure of proteins, a rational strategy to design
      the protein function by physical perturbation method was proposed and tested on
      one of the well-examined enzymes, thermolysin for higher catalytic activity. An
      attempt was made to change the electrostatic potential and the dynamic property
      of three-dimensional structure around the active sites by single-amino-acid
      mutations, and the physical property of the mutants was then evaluated. Several
      mutants were found to have remarkably higher enzymatic activity than wild type.
      The multiple mutation was introduced and the logarithm of the activity was found
      to be almost additive. A ten times higher active mutant was realized by
      simultaneously introducing three single-mutations. This strategy can be easily
      extended to not only other enzymes but also other kinds of proteins than enzymes
      to modify or control the protein function based on their three-dimensional
      structures.

PMID- 9949769
TI  - In memoriam Frank Morrell 1926-1996.

PMID- 9949770
TI  - Brain stimulation combined with electrocorticography in the surgery of epilepsy:
      historical highlights.

PMID- 9949771
TI  - Electrocorticography. Historical comments on its development and the evolution of
      its practical applications.

PMID- 9949772
TI  - Role of ECoG in 'en bloc' temporal lobe resection: the Maudsley experience.

PMID- 9949773
TI  - Role of the ECoG in tailored temporal lobe resection: the University of
      Washington experience.

PMID- 9949774
TI  - ECoG findings in extratemporal epilepsy: the MNI experience.

PMID- 9949775
TI  - Chronic electrocorticography: Cleveland clinic experience.

PMID- 9949776
TI  - Pharmacological activation.
AB  - Despite the disparate results in clinical studies a few conclusions can be made.
      Pharmacologic activation during ECoG serves a minor role in determining the
      limits of a cortical excision during surgical treatment for intractable partial
      epilepsy. The extensive preoperative evaluation including long-term EEG
      monitoring to assess the electroclinical correlation and MRI are of primary
      importance. There is sufficient information at some epilepsy centers
      demonstrating a putative beneficial effect of ECoG that its continued use can be
      justified. Pharmacologic activation of epileptiform discharges is never preferred
      to spontaneous alterations occurring in the pre-excision ECoG. It would seem
      reasonable to consider pharmacologic activation at the time of the pre-excision
      ECoG if no discharges are present. Further studies will be needed to decide on
      the 'drug of choice', but for now methohexital would be most reasonable given the
      enormous amount of information regarding its induction properties. One must keep
      in mind the clear limitations associated with the use of these drugs especially
      the possibility of 'misleading' informations as documented by Fiol et al. (1990).
      The use of post-excision ECoG in general is sufficiently dubious that the
      practice of pharmacologic activation during this recording cannot be recommended.
      Perhaps the most reasonable view of pharmacologic activation is the position
      articulated by our Dr. Norman So (1995): 'There are many who advocate the
      injection of a short-acting barbiturate like methohexital to activate spiking
      during ECoG, but given the difficulty already encountered in interpreting the
      spontaneous ECoG it seems foolhardy to complicate the picture with potentially
      non-specific drug effects'.

PMID- 9949777
TI  - The significance of electrocorticographic findings in focal cortical dysplasia: a
      review of their clinical, electrophysiological and neurochemical characteristics.

PMID- 9949778
TI  - Post-excision residual spiking after frontal lobe removal: outcome.

PMID- 9949779
TI  - Increased neocortical spiking and surgical outcome after selective amygdalo
      hippocampectomy.

PMID- 9949780
TI  - Direct intraoperative recordings from the hippocampal formation: relation with
      quantitative volumetric MRI.

PMID- 9949781
TI  - Correlation between mesial temporal and temporal neocortical interictal spiking
      in acute ECoG and chronic depth electrode recordings.

PMID- 9949782
TI  - ECoG findings in hemispherectomy.

PMID- 9949783
TI  - Applications of image-guided surgery to intraoperative electrophysiology.

PMID- 9949784
TI  - Alcohol and cardiovascular diseases: a historical overview.
AB  - Evident disparities in relationships make it desirable to consider several
      disorders separately. (1) Alcoholic cardiomyopathy was perceived 150 years ago,
      but understanding was clouded by recognition of beriberi and of synergistic
      toxicity from alcohol with arsenic or cobalt. (2) A report of a link between
      heavy drinking and hypertension in WWI French soldiers was apparently ignored for
      > 50 years. Epidemiological and intervention studies have now firmly established
      this association, but a mechanism remains elusive. (3) The 'holiday heart
      syndrome', an increased risk of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in alcoholics,
      has been widely known to clinicians for 25 years; data remain sparse about the
      total role of heavier drinking in cardiac rhythm disturbances. (4) Failure of
      earlier studies to distinguish types of stroke impeded understanding; it now
      seems probable that alcohol drinking increases risk of haemorrhagic stroke but
      lowers risk of ischaemic stroke. (5) Heberden reported angina relief by alcohol
      in 1786, and an inverse alcohol-atherosclerosis association was observed by
      pathologists early in this century. Recent population studies and plausible
      mechanisms support a protective effect of alcohol against coronary disease.
      International comparisons dating back to 1819 suggest beverage choice as a
      factor, but this issue (the 'French Paradox') remains unresolved.

PMID- 9949785
TI  - Metabolic consequences of alcohol ingestion.
AB  - Many of the pathophysiological effects of alcohol ingestion relate to the
      pathways of ethanol metabolism. However, some of the acute and chronic effects of
      ethanol use are also attributable to the direct effects of ethanol, e.g. on
      membrane fluidity. Oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde is catalysed by alcohol
      dehydrogenase (ADH). There are at least six classes of ADH, some of which show
      inter-individual variation, i.e. genetic polymorphism, that influences the rate
      of ethanol oxidation. A consequence of ethanol oxidation is an increase in the
      NADH/NAD redox potential within the cytosol and mitochondria with subsequent
      alteration in several tissue metabolites. The popular hypothesis that most, if
      not all, of the consequences of chronic alcohol ingestion can be explained by
      these redox changes is still unproven. This should be considered in the context
      that most metabolic pathways of the liver are affected by alcohol, as are several
      endocrine axes in the whole body. In fact most, if not all, tissues and organs
      are deleteriously affected by chronic ingestion. Acetaldehyde, the product of
      ethanol oxidation, is chemically highly reactive, toxic and immunogenic. However,
      the concentrations achieved in vivo usually fall short of those used to produce
      these toxic effects in experimental situations. Oxidation of acetaldehyde is also
      coupled to redox changes, although primarily affecting the intra-mitochondrial
      redox. In addition, further oxidative pathways of ethanol metabolism can lead to
      the formation of fatty acid ethyl esters, hydroxyethyl free radicals and reactive
      oxygen species via the ethanol-specific cytochrome P450-2E1 system. There is no
      conclusive evidence that nutrient supplementation has beneficial effects on
      overall ethanol-mediated tissue damage.

PMID- 9949786
TI  - Alcohol and the myocardium.
AB  - Structural and functional abnormalities are prominent in alcoholic cardiomyopathy
      (ACM). Histological features in affected subjects are almost identical to the
      characteristics of dilated cardiomyopathy. Quantitative morphometry, however, can
      distinguish between ACM and dilated cardiomyopathy. Biopsies from patients with
      ACM show increases in the activities of some myocardial enzymes (alpha
      hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, malic
      dehydrogenase) which are correlated with the bimodal distribution of alcohol
      intake and may represent an adaptive response. One-third of patients with ACM
      have serum antibodies against cardiac acetaldehyde-protein adducts. Animal models
      of ethanol toxicity have shown that acutely, alcohol and acetaldehyde reduce the
      synthesis of cardiac contractile proteins in vivo. Two-dimensional SDS-PAGE has
      also shown that in rats chronically fed alcohol, the relative amounts of over 10%
      of heart muscle proteins are altered. The heat shock proteins (HSP) Hsp60 and
      Hsp70 are decreased in alcohol-fed rats, as is desmin. Reduction in HSPs may
      indicate reduced myocardial protection whilst a fall in desmin may indicate
      structural defects. In conclusion, ACM is a complex process that is due to
      altered protein synthesis, the formation of acetaldehyde adducts and a reduction
      of cardiac HSPs and desmin. Both acetaldehyde and alcohol are myocardial
      perturbants.

PMID- 9949787
TI  - Alcohol, free radicals and antioxidants.
AB  - Antioxidants in alcoholic beverages, especially polyphenolic compounds in red
      wine, have been proposed as an important contributory factor to the protective
      effect of regular alcohol use against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The
      postulated mechanism involves quenching of free radicals with decreased oxidative
      damage to low density lipoprotein (LDL) hence reducing its potential
      atherogenicity. There is definitive in vitro evidence that extracts of red wine,
      white wine, grape juice and beer can inhibit the oxidation of LDL, the degree of
      inhibition being directly proportional to beverage polyphenolic content and able
      to be abolished by prior stripping of the polyphenolics from the alcoholic
      beverage. These in vitro antioxidant effects have not been reliably reproduced in
      vivo after acute or short-term administration of alcoholic beverages. In fact, in
      some studies where white wine or beer have been given over 2-4 week periods,
      enhanced oxidizability of LDL cholesterol has been reported. Such findings are
      consistent with the possibility that, depending on the beverage, a predominant
      pro-oxidant effect of alcohol itself may outweigh any antioxidant effect of
      beverage polyphenolics. Increased oxidant stress and enhanced lipid peroxidation
      with alcohol have several biologically plausible explanations and have been
      reported as possible mechanisms for alcohol-related toxicity and injury in
      various tissues. Therefore, before the promotion of any particular benefits of
      ingestion of polyphenolics from alcoholic beverages (especially red wine) for
      prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, the balance of redox
      effects in vivo will need careful further clinical and laboratory evaluation.

PMID- 9949788
TI  - Alcohol, cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death.
AB  - Studies in experimental animals have shown varying and apparently opposite
      effects of alcohol on cardiac rhythm and conduction. Given acutely to non
      alcoholic animals, ethanol may even have anti-arrhythmic properties whereas
      chronic administration clearly increases the animals' susceptibility to cardiac
      arrhythmias. Chronic heavy alcohol use has been incriminated in the genesis of
      cardiac arrhythmias in humans. The evidence has come from clinical observations,
      retrospective case-control studies, controlled studies of consecutive admissions
      for arrhythmias, and prospective epidemiological investigations. Furthermore,
      electrophysiological studies have shown that acute alcohol administration
      facilitates the induction of tachyarrhythmias in selected heavy drinkers. The
      role of alcohol appears particularly conspicuous in idiopathic atrial
      fibrillation. Occasionally, ventricular tachyarrhythmias have also been provoked
      by alcohol intake. Several lines of evidence suggest that heavy drinking
      increases the risk of sudden cardiac death with fatal arrhythmia as the most
      likely mechanism. According to epidemiological studies this effect appears most
      prominent in middle-aged men and is only partly explained by confounding traits
      such as smoking and social class. The basic arrhythmogenic effects of alcohol are
      still insufficiently delineated. Subclinical heart muscle injury from chronic
      heavy use may be instrumental in producing patchy delays in conduction. The
      hyperadrenergic state of drinking and withdrawal may also contribute, as may
      electrolyte abnormalities, impaired vagal heart rate control, repolarization
      abnormalities with prolonged QT intervals and worsening of myocardial ischaemia
      or sleep apnoea. Most of what we know about alcohol and arrhythmias relates to
      heavy drinking. The effect of social drinking on clinical arrhythmias in non
      alcoholic cardiac patients needs to be addressed further.

PMID- 9949789
TI  - Alcohol intake, lipids and risks of myocardial infarction.
AB  - The health effects of alcohol consumption remain complex for several reasons: the
      risks and benefits accrue over many years, assessment of drinking is generally
      based on self-report, drinking habits change over time and studies estimate
      average daily drinking disregarding how or when the beverage was consumed. In
      addition, alcohol consumption is associated with lifestyle factors which may
      confound relationship with disease. Despite these methodological difficulties,
      epidemiological studies are surprisingly consistent, showing that light to
      moderate intake is associated with a lower risk of total mortality compared with
      those who drink heavily or do not drink at all. Thus there is a J-shaped
      association of alcohol intake with risk of total mortality whose basis is likely
      to be the effect of summing the cause-specific effects at the various drinking
      levels. Studies using a diversity of methods and populations have consistently
      reported an inverse relationship between coronary heart disease and light to
      moderate drinking, with the depth and width of the J-shaped mortality curve
      depending on the underlying risk of coronary heart disease for that population.
      The higher risk of death at heavy drinking levels is due to increased risk of
      cancer, liver diseases, cardiomyopathy and stroke. The precise mechanisms behind
      these effects of alcohol are only now beginning to be understood. The most
      plausible mechanism by which alcohol reduces the risk of coronary heart disease
      is by its effects on blood lipids, particularly increases in high density
      lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol: about 50% of the risk reduction attributable to
      alcohol is explained by changes in total HDL. Further support for the HDL
      hypothesis comes from the lack of a differential effect of alcohol by beverage
      type. While the association of alcohol and cardiovascular disease is likely to be
      causal, any public health recommendations must consider the complexity of
      alcohol's metabolic, physiological and psychological effects.

PMID- 9949790
TI  - Alcohol, coagulation and fibrinolysis.
AB  - Despite the solid evidence for thrombosis playing a key role in coronary heart
      disease (CHD) mortality, identifying specific haemostatic risk factors for CHD
      has been difficult except for fibrinogen. Excessive alcohol consumption clearly
      affects platelet function. Moderate alcohol consumption may affect several
      haemostatic factors, including fibrinogen concentration, platelet aggregability
      and the fibrinolytic factors tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen
      activator inhibitor. These changes support the hypothesis that moderate alcohol
      beneficially affects the haemostatic balance in a way that decreases the risk of
      CHD mortality.

PMID- 9949791
TI  - Alcohol, blood pressure and hypertension.
AB  - In the last 30 years a large number of cross-sectional studies, a smaller number
      of prospective cohort studies and several intervention studies have addressed the
      alcohol-blood pressure relationship. Although a number of questions--such as the
      validity of measurement of alcohol intake, shape of the alcohol-blood pressure
      relationship, threshold dose for hypertension, and plausible pathophysiological
      mechanisms--have not yet been answered satisfactorily, it is clear that a causal
      association exists between chronic intake of > or = 30-60 g alcohol per day and
      blood pressure elevation in men and women. To call the alcohol-blood pressure
      relationship causal is justified because chance and, to a large degree, bias and
      confounding, have been ruled out as plausible explanations in most observational
      studies. More importantly, the intervention studies support the observational
      studies and show a remarkable consistency in demonstrating a potentially valuable
      decrease in blood pressure when heavy drinkers abstain or restrict their alcohol
      intake. From the different studies a rule of thumb can be derived: above 30 g of
      alcohol intake per day an increment of 10 g of alcohol per day increases on
      average systolic blood pressure by 1-2 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 1
      mmHg.

PMID- 9949792
TI  - Do known cardiovascular risk factors mediate the effect of alcohol on
      cardiovascular disease?
AB  - The association between alcohol intake and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
      (CVD) in epidemiological studies is consistent and shows some protection from CVD
      at consumption levels of one to two drinks per day, but a sharp increase in CVD
      associated with three or more drinks per day. Analyses of potential mediators of
      effects of alcohol on CVD show that it increases high density lipoprotein (HDL)
      cholesterol levels and favourably influences thrombotic factors, especially
      fibrinogen, and also fibrinolytic factors. Some evidence also suggests moderate
      alcohol consumption may reduce insulin resistance. However, studies also show an
      adverse effect of alcohol, particularly at higher doses, on blood pressure
      (leading to hypertension) and directly on the myocardium (leading to arrhythmias
      and myocardiopathy). Statistical modelling of the alcohol-CVD relationship is
      consistent in several studies, with a protective pathway via elevated HDL
      cholesterol and an adverse pathway through elevated blood pressure. Other
      possible mediators influenced by alcohol have not yet been examined in this type
      of analysis. The French Paradox has led to speculation that wine is the only
      protective alcoholic beverage for CVD, or at least that it has a stronger effect.
      Multiple non-ethanol components of wine have been studied in the laboratory and
      have been shown to have antioxidant or anticoagulant effects. Although wine does
      appear more protective in ecological studies, studies within cohorts show similar
      effects across alcoholic beverages, suggesting confounding in ecological studies
      by diet, lifestyle, or other variables. The key component of alcoholic beverages
      thus appears to be ethanol, consistent with the known potent effects of ethanol
      on HDL cholesterol and thrombotic factors. The upswing in CVD risk with three or
      more drinks per day is sharp and emphasizes that benefit from alcohol is limited
      to moderate consumption only. This upswing also cautions against any public
      health recommendation to drink alcohol, since many persons will not or cannot
      limit their intake to moderate levels.

PMID- 9949793
TI  - The J-shaped curve and changes in drinking habit.
AB  - The accepted interpretation of the J-shaped curve relating alcohol intake to
      mortality or coronary heart disease is that the lowest point on the curve
      (light/moderate drinking) represents optimum exposure to alcohol and that the
      increased risk in non-drinkers reflects the consequence of sub-optimum exposure.
      However, non-drinkers, both ex-drinkers and lifelong teetotallers, consistently
      show an increased prevalence of conditions likely to increase morbidity and
      mortality compared with occasional or light drinkers. In addition, regular light
      drinkers tend to have characteristics extremely advantageous to health. Changes
      take place in alcohol intake in individuals over time, with a strong downward
      drift from heavy or moderate drinking towards non-drinking, affected to a
      considerable extent by the accumulation of ill health. Reduction in alcohol
      intake or giving up drinking is associated with higher rates of new diagnoses
      than remaining stable in alcohol intake and also with higher rates of both
      cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality. The use of non-drinkers as a
      baseline, and failure or inability to adequately take into account the
      characteristics of subjects in the different alcohol intake categories,
      exaggerates the risk of coronary heart disease events and all cause mortality in
      non-drinkers and the benefits of light/moderate alcohol intake.

PMID- 9949794
TI  - Mechanisms of alcohol-related strokes.
AB  - Epidemiological investigations have shown a linear positive correlation between
      the risk of haemorrhagic stroke and level of alcohol consumption. Ischaemic
      stroke shows a weaker relationship, which is J-shaped, suggesting that regular
      light-to-moderate alcohol consumption may carry a decreased risk. Case reports
      and case-control studies indicate that heavy recent drinking, but not heavy
      former drinking, increases the risk for both types of stroke. Larger amounts of
      alcohol are needed to trigger aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage than
      spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. The increased risk caused by recent heavy
      drinking may be partly due to elevated systolic blood pressure, but alcohol may
      also provoke cerebral arterial vasospasm, as observed in animal experiments.
      Alcohol-induced fluctuation in haemostatic and fibrinolytic factors has not been
      proved to precipitate alcohol-related strokes, but may contribute to both an
      increase and a decrease of the risk. Subtypes of ischaemic stroke associate
      differently with alcohol consumption. A recent series of patients with ischaemic
      brain infarction showed that of the victims having a high and medium risk for
      cardiogenic embolism, 50% and 45% were intoxicated, respectively. This suggests
      that cardiogenic embolism is a significant mechanism leading to ischaemic stroke
      during heavy drinking of alcohol.

PMID- 9949795
TI  - The French paradox and wine drinking.
AB  - Despite a high level of risk factors such as cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension
      and a high intake of saturated fat, French males display the lowest mortality
      rate from ischaemic heart disease and cardiovascular diseases in Western
      industrialized nations (36% lower than the USA and 39% lower than the UK). By
      contrast, mortality from all causes is only 8% lower than in the USA and 6% than
      in the UK, owing to a high level of cancer and violent deaths. In a recent study
      of 34,000 middle-aged men from Eastern France with a follow-up of 12 years we
      have observed that for 48 g of alcohol (mostly wine) per day as the mean intake,
      mortality from cardiovascular diseases was lower by 30%, all-cause mortality was
      reduced by 20%, but mortality by cancer and violent death was increased compared
      with abstainers. Thus the so-called 'French Paradox' (a low mortality rate
      specifically from cardiovascular diseases) may be due mainly to the regular
      consumption of wine.

PMID- 9949796
TI  - Alcohol and all-cause mortality: an overview.
AB  - The relationship between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality is J-shaped
      in most industrialized countries. The J-shape is the result of the combination of
      adverse and beneficial effects of alcohol consumption. Adverse effects include
      several types of cancer (oropharyngeal, oesophageal, liver, laryngeal and breast
      cancer), other diseases of the aerodigestive tract, diseases of the heart
      (alcoholic cardiomyopathy, haemorrhagic stroke, arrhythmia, hypertension),
      addiction-related mental disorders, and accidents and injuries. Beneficial
      effects are for ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic stroke. The exact shape of
      the all-cause mortality curve in a given region depends upon the proportion of
      the population consuming alcohol at different levels, especially heavy
      consumption, and on the prevalence of the disorders named above. Thus regions
      with a relatively low prevalence of ischaemic cardiovascular disease show almost
      no benefits of consumption, and an all-cause mortality curve which is almost
      exponential. Females experience a minimum mortality risk at a level of alcohol
      intake which is lower than that associated with the minimum risk for men.
      Similarly, an upturn in mortality risk occurs at lower intake levels for women
      than for men. At present, there is no satisfactory explanation for the
      observation that the shape of the mortality curve varies with the consumption
      level of the cohort under study. Heavier-drinking cohorts tend to display their
      minimum risk at relatively higher levels of alcohol intake than cohorts with
      lower alcohol consumption.

PMID- 9949797
TI  - Alcohol, cardiovascular diseases and public health policy.
AB  - Public health policy should aim to reduce the harm done by alcohol use, whilst
      recognizing its real and perceived benefits. The reduced risk of coronary heart
      disease (CHD) with the consequent reduction of mortality for some people in older
      age is one such benefit. The increased risk of sudden coronary death from acute
      alcohol intoxication is one such harm. A number of policies have been
      demonstrated to be effective in the reduction of the harm done by alcohol use, at
      least in industrialized countries. These are: enforcement of a minimum drinking
      age; drink-drive deterrence; enforced prevention of intoxication in public
      drinking places; controls on access to alcohol, including restrictions on numbers
      of licensed premises and hours and days of sale; and taxation policy to regulate
      the affordability of alcohol. Many of these strategies seem unlikely to have a
      direct effect on drinking relevant for reduced risk of CHD, but are likely to
      have a direct beneficial effect on drinking relevant for sudden coronary death.
      The level of alcohol consumption associated with the lowest mortality rate for a
      population will vary depending on patterns of ill health and causes of death. In
      countries with high rates of CHD the per capita level may be in the order of
      about three litres of absolute alcohol per year among drinking adults. In
      countries with low rates of CHD, the level is likely to be substantially lower.
      Many countries in which alcohol is readily available are consuming at a level
      substantially above three litres per capita of drinking adults per year and in
      these countries public health policy should continue to advise action to reduce
      per capita consumption.

PMID- 9949798
TI  - Host genetic susceptibility to human tuberculosis.
AB  - Convincing evidence exists that host genes influence the outcome of infection in
      human tuberculosis. We are employing two complementary strategies to find the
      genes involved: a linkage-based, comprehensive genome screen and an association
      based candidate gene study. In a genome screen of 282 markers on 92 affected sib
      pairs we have found evidence of co-segregation of disease with five markers, but
      further studies are required to replicate these results. The absence of a single
      strongly linked marker demonstrates that susceptibility to human tuberculosis is
      not controlled by a single major gene. Using a candidate gene approach
      investigating over 400 tuberculosis cases and 400 ethnically matched healthy
      controls we have found evidence that NR AMP1 and vitamin D receptor gene (VDR)
      polymorphisms are associated with tuberculosis. It is hoped that by identifying
      the genes that account for why only a minority of those exposed to tuberculosis
      develop disease, we will develop new insights into potential therapeutic and
      preventative strategies.

PMID- 9949799
TI  - The epidemiology of tuberculosis in South Africa.
AB  - Reports by reliable observers indicate that tuberculous disease did not occur to
      any great extent amongst South Africa's indigenous peoples prior to European
      colonization. Colonization introduced sources of infection and caused rapid
      urbanization for purposes of commerce and trade. By the start of the 20th century
      tuberculosis was recognized as a common health problem amongst the Black and
      Coloured peoples of South Africa. National notification commenced in 1921 and an
      incidence of 43 per 100,000 rose to 365 per 100,000 in 1958 and declined to 162
      per 100,000 in 1986 before rising again to 221 per 100,000 in 1993. High
      incidences have been consistently recorded amongst the Coloured population of the
      Western Cape Province: in 1993 713 per 100,000 compared to the national incidence
      of 225 per 100,000. Using a computerized geographical information system the
      precise distribution of tuberculosis in two adjacent underprivileged, mainly
      Coloured communities, with a combined population of 34,000, is being studied.
      From 1985 to 1994 4044 notified tuberculosis cases gave an incidence of about
      1200 per 100,000, varying from 78 to 3150 per 100,000 for the 39 enumerator
      subdistricts used for census purposes, and was highest in those with the lowest
      income. Of 5345 housing units 1835 (34%) housed at least one case of tuberculosis
      and 483 (9%) three or more cases. IS6110 DNA fingerprinting of strains from this
      community has shown a high degree of strain diversity (209 out of 334 strains
      evaluated). Clustering, indicative of recent transmission, was found in only 30%
      of isolates in this high tuberculosis incidence community.

PMID- 9949800
TI  - Using conventional and molecular epidemiological analyses to target tuberculosis
      control interventions in a low incidence area.
AB  - To consolidate the gains made in controlling tuberculosis in industrialized
      countries in the past five years, we must analyse carefully the epidemiology of
      the disease and the effectiveness of various control interventions. In San
      Francisco we have performed conventional and molecular epidemiological analyses
      that have shown that there are in essence two parallel epidemiological patterns,
      one in the foreign-born population and the second among US-born persons, with
      little interaction between them. Most tuberculosis in the foreign-born population
      is a result of endogenous reactivation of latent infection, whereas recent
      infection with rapid progression to illness is a more frequent course in US-born
      cases. Among the US-born cases specific risk factors--homelessness, HIV
      infection, drug abuse--are highly prevalent. Although there has been a
      progressive reduction in the number of cases and in the proportion resulting from
      recent infection in San Francisco in the past five years, there continues to be a
      high proportion of cases that result from recent infection among US-born persons.
      These findings suggest that existing control interventions should be tailored to
      specific target groups and that new interventions are needed to provide for
      increased efficacy.

PMID- 9949801
TI  - Vaccines, genes and trials.
AB  - This symposium takes place at the intersection of an acute success (the
      extraordinary recent developments in genetical research relevant to mycobacteria)
      and a chronic failure (the embarrassing failure of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
      [BCG], the world's most widely used vaccine, to control tuberculosis). I will
      summarize the arguments that the variable efficacy of BCG is attributable, at
      least in part, to genetic differences in either the vaccine, the host populations
      or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. I will then address the problem of building upon
      our experience with BCG in order to develop and evaluate an improved vaccine
      against tuberculosis. The fact that the great burden of tuberculosis is
      associated with pulmonary disease in adults, much of which is associated either
      with reactivation of old infection or else with relatively recent reinfection,
      poses an immense problem for vaccine strategy and evaluation. One approach may be
      to vaccinate early in life, prior to initial infection with the tubercle
      bacillus, and then to follow up individuals for many decades. The alternative is
      to develop vaccines to boost appropriate protective immune mechanisms in
      individuals who have already been infected, and/or who have already been
      vaccinated (e.g. with BCG), and/or who may also have been sensitized to various
      environmental mycobacteria that influence the immune response to tubercle
      bacilli. The latter approach is novel, and may ultimately prove impossible, but
      its potential logistic and public health advantages are so great that it warrants
      serious attention by the research community before being abandoned.

PMID- 9949802
TI  - Immunological and endocrinological characteristics of tuberculosis that provide
      opportunities for immunotherapeutic intervention.
AB  - Immunity to tuberculosis requires a T helper 1 (Th1) response which can be
      compromised by excessive release of inflammatory cytokines or Th2 activity.
      Environmental saprophytes can protect against tuberculosis by inducing Th1
      recognition of the common antigens, or make mice more susceptible to tuberculosis
      than unimmunized controls by evoking a Th2 response. A mixed Th1 + Th2 response
      increases the local toxicity of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Some
      saprophytes are potent immunogens. A killed preparation of Mycobacterium vaccae
      can cause systemic activation of spontaneously Th1 cytokine-secreting cells in
      humans, and can non-specifically suppress pre-existing IgE formation and
      interleukin 5 (IL-5) production in murine models of allergy. These effects, and
      the Th2-inducing effects of other species, may explain the variable efficacy of
      Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, and suggest the need for new approaches to the
      screening of vaccines before trial in humans. The balance of Th1 to Th2 and the
      function of inflammatory cytokines are also regulated by cortisol. Glucocorticoid
      metabolism is abnormal in tuberculosis, suggesting overactivity of 11-beta
      hydroxysteroid reductase enzymes. The reductase activity of these enzymes is
      enhanced by TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. The roles of Th2, inflammatory cytokines,
      common antigens and changes in cortisol metabolism suggest several strategies for
      immunotherapy, and several sites where genetic polymorphisms may affect
      susceptibility.

PMID- 9949803
TI  - Recombinant interleukin 2 adjunctive therapy in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
AB  - Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients respond poorly to antituberculosis
      therapy and therefore require new modalities of treatment to overcome the
      infection. Administration of low dose recombinant human interleukin 2 (rhuIL-2)
      in combination with chemotherapy to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients
      resulted in reduced or cleared sputum acid-fast bacilli in about 60% of the
      patients in association with enhanced activation of the immune system. Daily
      rhuIL-2 administration for 30 days induced increases in CD25+ and CD56+ cells in
      the blood. rhuIL-2 therapy also resulted in increased expression of gamma
      interferon and IL-2 mRNA at the site of a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH)
      response to purified protein derivative of tuberculin. Differential display
      reverse transcriptase PCR revealed several genes expressed at the DTH skin test
      site that were up- or down-regulated during rhuIL-2 treatment. The differentially
      regulated genes included components of endocytic vacuoles, enzymes of the
      respiratory pathway and other regulators of cellular function. The physiological
      importance of the differential expression of these genes is under investigation
      to determine their roles in leukocyte activation and in the development of an
      antimycobacterial response.

PMID- 9949804
TI  - Cellular and genetic mechanisms underlying susceptibility of animal models to
      tuberculosis infection.
AB  - I shall propose a new working hypothesis regarding the immunopathogenesis of
      tuberculosis infections in the mouse and guinea-pig models of pulmonary disease
      which differs from the current dogma that the development of caseous and
      potentially liquefied lesions in the susceptible guinea-pig lung is due to
      excessive expression of delayed-type hypersensitivity. I intend to show that the
      mouse is resistant because T cells entering the granulomatous lesions create
      highly organized wedges into the epithelioid macrophage fields, thus potentially
      saturating the tissues with cytokines. Where local necrosis does occur, it is
      contained by an efficient fibrotic response. In the guinea-pig, however, T cells
      remain in a peripheral mantle and do not invade the lesion. As a result, central
      macrophages are not activated, allowing bacterial growth and destructive
      caseation. I will describe data from the mouse system which show that certain
      mouse strains (C57BL/6, C5BL/10) are highly resistant to aerosol challenge,
      whereas other strains (DBA/2, AKR, CBA) are less so. These latter strains
      initially control the infection, but are subject to reactivation disease 50-200
      days later. The histological data so far tend to support the hypothesis that
      these strains only induce acquired immunity during the reactivation phase, and
      upon initial exposure rely mainly on innate immunity to control the infection.
      This may be an important factor underlying the onset of reactivation disease in
      humans.

PMID- 9949805
TI  - Susceptibility to tuberculosis as a complex genetic trait: analysis using
      recombinant congenic strains of mice.
AB  - Previous advances in the genetics of infectious diseases derived principally from
      identification of single genes and their isolated effects on the progression of
      infection. Modern genetic analysis represents a powerful means of understanding
      the interplay among different pathways activated in the course of infection,
      their hierarchy and interactions in terms of the development of an optimal
      protective strategy. By utilizing both whole-genome scanning of (C3HxC57BL/6)F2
      and a set of the recombinant congenic strains, produced by backcrossing B10 onto
      a C3H background, we demonstrated that susceptibility to tuberculosis is a
      multigenic trait. We have identified two distinct groups of susceptible mice: one
      that dies within four to six weeks of infection (supersusceptible) and another
      that dies within seven to 10 weeks (comparable to the susceptible parental
      strain). Our preliminary genetic analysis suggests that the susceptibilty of
      those groups is controlled by different genetic factors. Supersusceptible mice
      exhibit dramatic lung pathology, not observed in either parental strain, and
      their survival after infection with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis is
      comparable to that of mice rendered immunodeficient by disruption of essential
      immune genes. Further genetic and functional analyses of these strains offer
      possibilities for understanding the control of transmission, preferential growth
      of the pathogen in the lung, and mechanisms of local and systemic protective
      immune responses.

PMID- 9949806
TI  - Signals that regulate the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AB  - An appropriate T helper (Th) 1 immune response is required for the elimination of
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The factors regulating the polarization of mouse or
      human T cells to produce Th1 or Th2 cytokines are briefly reviewed. These factors
      include host genetics, cytokines present at the site of T cell activation, the
      type, dose and localization of antigen, the type of antigen-presenting cells, the
      engagement of different costimulatory molecules, steroid hormones and age. T
      cells of children produce low levels of gamma-interferon and we hypothesize that
      this may partly explain the differences in the clinical manifestations of
      tuberculosis in children and adults. Given that Th2 cytokines inhibit Th1
      responses, the question arises of whether individuals mounting prominent Th2
      responses, manifested by high serum IgE levels, are more susceptible to M.
      tuberculosis. In a community with a high incidence of tuberculosis, serum IgF
      levels, a marker of prominent Th2 responses, correlate with disease incidence and
      with socioeconomic deprivation. We propose that Th2 immune dominance, probably
      induced by intestinal parasites, enhances susceptibility to tuberculosis.
      Furthermore, our finding that serum IgE declines in patients following active
      tuberculosis argues that tuberculosis down-regulates Th2 responses.

PMID- 9949807
TI  - Analysis of the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.
AB  - The powerful combination of genomics and bioinformatics is providing a wealth of
      information about Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the aetiological agent of human
      tuberculosis, that will facilitate the conception and development of new
      therapies. The starting point for genome sequencing was the integrated map of the
      4.4 Mb circular chromosome of the widely used, virulent reference strain, M.
      tuberculosis H37Rv. Cosmids and bacterial artificial chromosomes were selected
      from ordered libraries and subjected to systematic shotgun sequence analysis.
      This approach simplified sequence assembly as the genome is rich in repetitive
      DNA. In common with most bacteria, > 90% of the potential coding capacity is
      used, and probable or tentative functions could be attributed to > 70% of the
      genes. The potential biological roles of two of the principal driving forces in
      genome dynamics, insertion sequence elements and polymorphic multigene families
      are discussed.

PMID- 9949808
TI  - Bacterial genetics and strain variation.
AB  - An entire genome sequence will provide valuable information, but the genome of
      only one individual will limit interpretation of that information. Knowledge
      concerning genome variation in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms such as
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis is likely to yield information of equal value and
      provide fundamental insights concerning the function of the genome. The
      variability in the genome between individual strains may be small and well
      defined, but it may cause large phenotypic changes (e.g. point mutations causing
      drug resistance). Clinical and epidemiological observations have led to the
      development of hypotheses, assumptions and models concerning disease dynamics.
      However, genome variation studied by molecular epidemiology has made new insights
      possible, which have allowed us to examine prevailing dogmas concerning
      tuberculosis. Recent results suggest that historical dogmas may well hold true in
      some communities, but not all. The information gathered from studying strain
      variation can be used for modelling disease dynamics, prediction of epidemics,
      policy planning and for monitoring the outcome of new interventions, as well as
      for gaining insight into the life processes of the organism. However, molecular
      epidemiology has its own limitations, some of which result from our lack of
      understanding of genome variation. We need further information in order to
      understand clonality and evolution of this organism so that our use of molecular
      tools in epidemiology and drug development may become more relevant and accurate.

PMID- 9949809
TI  - Antibiotic resistance in mycobacteria.
AB  - Multiple drug resistance in mycobacteria compromises the use of antibiotics.
      Although the genetic and biochemical bases of antibiotic resistance in
      mycobacteria are largely understood, a number of questions remain to be
      addressed. This chapter discusses the potential roles of hypermutability and
      compensatory mutations in establishing stable resistant phenotypes in the
      pathogenic mycobacteria.

PMID- 9949810
TI  - Mechanisms for isoniazid action and resistance.
AB  - Isoniazid is the most widely used antituberculosis drug. Genetic studies in
      Mycobacterium smegmatis identified the inhA-encoded, NADH-dependent enoyl acyl
      carrier protein reductase as the primary target for this drug. A reactive form of
      isoniazid inhibits InhA by reacting with the NAD(H) cofactor bound to the enzyme
      active site forming a covalent adduct (isonicotinic acyl NADH) that is apt to
      bind with high affinity. Resistance can occur by increased expression of InhA or
      by mutations that lower the enzyme's affinity to NADH. Both of these resistance
      mechanisms are observed in 30% of clinical tuberculosis isolates. Mutation in
      katG, which encodes catalase peroxidase, is the most common source for
      resistance. Another mechanism for isoniazid resistance, in M. smegmatis, occurs
      by defects in NADH dehydrogenase (Ndh) of the respiratory chain. Genetic data
      indicated that ndh mutations confer resistance by lowering the rate of NADH
      oxidation and increasing the intracellular NADH/NAD+ ratio. An increased amount
      of NADH may prevent formation of isonicotinic acyl NADH or may promote
      displacement of the isonicotinic acyl NADH from InhA. While our studies have
      identified this mechanism in M. smegmatis, results reported in early literature
      lead us to believe that it can occur in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID- 9949811
TI  - The impact of genomics on the search for novel tuberculosis drugs.
AB  - The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has
      highlighted the need for new drugs to treat tuberculosis. Drugs that either
      shorten the overall duration of therapy or that simplify the regimen would
      significantly improve compliance and hence reduce treatment failure rates. The
      drug development process begins with identification and validation of specific
      targets. These may be relevant for inhibiting growth of the bacterium in vitro,
      and hence yield novel bactericidal agents, or they may be required at other
      stages of growth, such as survival in host macrophages. With the availability of
      the complete genome sequence of M. tuberculosis, the primary sequence of every
      drug target in the pathogen is known. A combination of approaches is being
      employed to exploit the information contained in the genome and thereafter to
      identify lead compounds that may yield new drugs.

PMID- 9949813
TI  - Grasping an object: one movement, several components.
AB  - The visuomotor transformations for producing a grasping movement imply
      simultaneous control of different visual mechanisms. The object size, orientation
      and 3D characteristics have to be encoded for the selection of the appropriate
      opposition space, within which the opposition forces will be applied on the
      object surface. These mechanisms also have to combine with those of the transport
      of the hand to the object location. Finally, biomechanical constraints impose
      categorical visuomotor decisions for positioning the opposition space according
      to object changes in size, orientation and spatial location. This paper examines
      possible interactions between the specialized structures for visuomotor
      transformation and the internal model that adapts prehension to its goals.

PMID- 9949812
TI  - DNA vaccines against tuberculosis.
AB  - DNA plasmids encoding Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85 (Ag85) were tested as
      vaccines in animal models. Ag85 DNA induced relevant immune responses (i.e. T
      helper (Th) cells, Th1 cytokines and cytotoxic T lymphocytes) and was protective
      in mouse and guinea pig models of mycobacterial disease. Therefore, DNA
      vaccination holds promise as an effective means of preventing tuberculosis in
      humans. Furthermore, this technique is amenable to identifying the protective
      antigens of M. tuberculosis.

PMID- 9949814
TI  - Vision for perception and vision for action in the primate brain.
AB  - Visual systems first evolved not to enable animals to see, but to provide distal
      sensory control of their movements. Vision as 'sight' is a relative newcomer to
      the evolutionary landscape, but its emergence has enabled animals to carry out
      complex cognitive operations on perceptual representations of the world. The two
      streams of visual processing that have been identified in the primate cerebral
      cortex are a reflection of these two functions of vision. The dorsal 'action'
      stream projecting from primary visual cortex to the posterior parietal cortex
      provides flexible control of more ancient subcortical visuomotor modules for the
      production of motor acts. The ventral 'perceptual' stream projecting from the
      primary visual cortex to the temporal lobe provides the rich and detailed
      representation of the world required for cognitive operations. Both streams
      process information about the structure of objects and about their spatial
      locations--and both are subject to the modulatory influences of attention. Each
      stream, however, uses visual information in different ways. Transformations
      carried out in the ventral stream permit the formation of perceptual
      representations that embody the enduring characteristics of objects and their
      relations; those carried out in the dorsal stream which utilize moment-to-moment
      information about objects within egocentric frames of reference, mediate the
      control of skilled actions. Both streams work together in the production of goal
      directed behaviour.

PMID- 9949815
TI  - Sensory input and control of grip.
AB  - When we use our digits to manipulate objects the applied fingertip forces and
      torques tangential to the grip surfaces are a result of complex muscle activity.
      These patterns are acquired during our ontogenetic development and we select them
      according to the manipulative intent. But the basic force coordination expressed
      in these patterns has to be tuned to the physical properties of the current
      object, e.g. shape, surface friction and weight. This takes place primarily by
      parametric adjustments of the force output based on internal models of the target
      object, i.e. implicit memory systems that represent critical object properties.
      From visual or haptic information we identify objects and automatically retrieve
      the relevant models. These models are then used to adapt the motor commands prior
      to their execution. The formation of models and their swift updating with changes
      in object properties depend, however, on signals from tactile sensors in the
      fingertips.

PMID- 9949816
TI  - Motor areas on the medial wall of the hemisphere.
AB  - The primary motor cortex (M1) receives input from four premotor areas on the
      medial wall of the hemisphere: the supplementary motor area (SMA) and three
      cingulate motor areas located on the banks of the cingulate sulcus (CMAr, CMAd
      and CMAv). All four premotor areas have maps of the body containing distinct
      proximal and distal representations of the arm. Surprisingly, the size of the
      distal representation is comparable to or larger than the size of the proximal
      representation in each area. Thus, contrary to some previous hypotheses, the
      anatomical substrate exists for the premotor areas on the medial wall to be
      involved in the control of distal, as well as proximal arm movements. Each of the
      premotor areas on the medial wall also has substantial direct projections to the
      spinal cord. Corticospinal axons from these premotor areas terminate in the
      intermediate zone of the spinal cord. Some corticospinal axons from SMA, CMAd,
      and CMAv terminate around motoneurons. In this respect, these motor areas are
      like M1 and appear to have direct connections with spinal motoneurons,
      particularly those innervating muscles of the fingers and wrist. These results
      suggest that the premotor areas on the medial wall are an important source of
      descending commands for the generation and control of movement. In recent
      experiments we examined the pattern of functional activation in the premotor
      areas on the medial wall during the performance of sequences of pointing
      movements. The patterns of activation were then compared with the body maps
      revealed by our anatomical studies. Overall, our initial results indicate that
      the attributes of motor control are unequally represented across the premotor
      areas. For example, one of the areas on the medial wall, the CMAd, was strongly
      and selectively activated during the performance of highly practised, remembered
      sequences of movement. Further insights into the function of the premotor areas
      are likely to come from examining their participation in a broad range of
      behavioural paradigms. These initial results support our hypothesis that each
      premotor area makes some unique contribution to the planning, initiation and/or
      execution of movement.

PMID- 9949817
TI  - Grasping objects and grasping action meanings: the dual role of monkey
      rostroventral premotor cortex (area F5).
AB  - Monkey area F5 consists of two main histochemical sectors, one buried inside the
      arcuate sulcus, the other located on the cortical convexity. Neurons of both
      sectors discharge during hand movements. Many of them also fire in response to
      the presentation of visual stimuli. However, the visual stimuli effective for
      triggering the neurons in each sector are markedly different. Neurons located in
      the bank of the arcuate sulcus respond to the observation of 3D objects, provided
      that object size and shape is congruent with the prehension type coded by the
      neuron ('canonical' F5 neurons). Neurons of the convexity discharge when the
      monkey observes hand actions performed by another individual, provided that they
      are similar to the motor action coded by the neuron ('mirror' neurons). What do
      the canonical F5 neurons and the surprising mirror neurons have in common? The
      interpretation we propose is that these two categories of F5 neurons both
      generate an internal copy of a potential hand action. In the case of 'canonical'
      neurons, this copy gives a description of how to grasp an object; in the case of
      mirror neurons it gives a description of an action made by another person.
      Because the individuals know the consequences of their actions, we propose that
      the internal motor copies of the observed actions represent the neural basis for
      understanding the meaning of actions made by others.

PMID- 9949818
TI  - Posterior parietal areas specialized for eye movements (LIP) and reach (PRR)
      using a common coordinate frame.
AB  - The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has long been considered a sensory area
      specialized for spatial awareness and the directing of attention. However, a new,
      far reaching concept is now emerging that this area is involved in integrating
      sensory information for the purpose of planning action. Moreover, experiments by
      our group and others over the last two decades indicate that PPC is in fact
      anatomically organized with respect to action. PPC also is an 'association'
      cortex which must combine different sensory modalities which are coded in
      different coordinate frames. We have found, at least for two different cortical
      areas within PPC, that different sensory signals are brought into a common
      coordinate frame. This coordinate frame codes locations with respect to the eye,
      but also gain modulates the activity by eye and body position signals. An
      interesting feature of this coordinate representation at the population level is
      that it codes concurrently target locations in multiple coordinate frames (eye,
      head, body and world). Depending on how this population of neurons is sampled,
      different coordinate transformations can be accomplished by the same population
      of neurons.

PMID- 9949819
TI  - How do visual instructions influence the motor system?
AB  - The paper distinguishes the use of visual cues to guide reaching and grasping,
      and the ability to learn to associate arbitrary sensory cues with movements.
      Using positron emission tomography (PET), we have shown that the arbitrary
      association of visual cues and movements involves the ventral visual system
      (prestriate, inferotemporal and ventral prefrontal cortex), the basal ganglia and
      the dorsal premotor cortex. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI),
      we have shown that the evoked haemodynamic responses in the ventral visual system
      are time-locked to the presentation of the visual cues, that the response in the
      motor cortex is locked to the time of response, and that the response in the
      dorsal premotor cortex shows cuerelated, movement-related and set-related
      components. Using PET we have shown that there are learning-related changes in
      activation in both the ventral prestriate cortex and the basal ganglia (globus
      pallidus) when subjects learn a visuomotor associative task. We argue that the
      basal ganglia may act as a flexible system for learning the association of
      sensory cues and movements.

PMID- 9949820
TI  - Online visual control of the arm.
AB  - The psychophysical and cerebrocortical mechanisms in visually guided reaching
      movements and isometric force pulses are discussed. The results of psychophysical
      studies of pointing movements have demonstrated a tight coupling between the
      visual information and the direction of the movement, and those of studies of
      directed isometric force pulses have documented the sensitive dependence of the
      motor system on the continuous availability of visual information for the ongoing
      correction of directional deviations from the instructed direction. Recordings of
      the activity of single cells in the motor cortex and parietal areas 2 and 5 have
      revealed the same tight, online coupling between visual information and cell
      discharge, and have partially elucidated the neural mechanisms underlying this
      function at the cortical level.

PMID- 9949821
TI  - Cortical control of whole-arm motor tasks.
AB  - Making an arbitrary motor response to a sensory signal would appear to require at
      least two sequential steps--planning the appropriate response and generating a
      motor command to implement it. However, neuronal correlates of these two putative
      steps do not occur in strict serial order, nor are they subserved by separate
      cortical regions. Instead, they are distributed in a continuous, overlapping and
      non-uniform manner across the cerebral cortex, including primary motor, premotor
      and parietal regions. These processes take the form of temporal and spatial
      gradients of cell activity that are distributed within and across cortical
      regions. Instead of two serial steps, these neuronal events may be better
      described in terms of two parallel functions--action specification and action
      selection. These processes occur continuously, both before and during movement.
      Recent studies show that the activity of single cells in the caudal part of the
      primary motor cortex is strongly modulated by arm geometry and by task dynamics
      during whole-arm isometric and reaching tasks. This indicates that these cells
      contribute to the transformation between neural representations of the global
      attributes of motor actions and of the mechanical details of their
      implementation.

PMID- 9949822
TI  - The importance of the cortico-motoneuronal system for control of grasp.
AB  - Our recent work has revealed new evidence of the importance of direct cortico
      motoneuronal (CM) connections for voluntary control of the hand. Most of these
      connections are derived from corticospinal neurons located in the M1 hand area,
      although there are some much smaller contributions from other secondary motor
      areas, such as the supplementary motor area (SMA). Intracellular recordings show
      that 75% of upper limb motoneurons in the chloralose-anaesthetized macaque monkey
      receive a monosynaptic projection from the corticospinal tract; evidence for non
      monosynaptic, propriospinal excitatory influences from the corticospinal tract
      was conspicuously lacking in these anaesthetized preparations. Moreover, in the
      conscious monkey, hand and arm muscle motor unit responses to corticospinal tract
      input are dominated by single, brief peaks compatible with monosynaptic
      excitation. CM excitatory post-synaptic potentials, recorded from a comparable
      sample of hand and arm motoneurons in anaesthetized macaque and squirrel monkeys,
      were found to be larger and faster rising in the macaque, which is by far the
      more dexterous of the two species. CM cells facilitating a given muscle in the
      conscious macaque are distributed over a wide region of M1 cortex, and each
      contributes a particular pattern of discharge during a skilled task. In addition
      to their direct effects on target muscles there may be weaker but potentially
      important effects that derive from the synchronous binding of assemblies of
      output neurons. Synchronous oscillations between these neurons are particularly
      prevalent during steady grip, but disappear during digit movement.

PMID- 9949823
TI  - Combination, complementarity and automatic control: a role for the cerebellum in
      learning movement coordination.
AB  - We have examined several different paradigms of adaptation and of 'acquisition of
      skill'--skill defined as a movement specialized to meet a certain goal and gained
      through practice. In each paradigm, change occurs through trial-and-error
      performance. In some of the tasks, damage of cerebellar cortex impairs adaptation
      and not performance. The deficits in performance cannot explain the deficits in
      adaptation. In some of the tasks, the discharge of Purkinje cells and, by
      inference, the discharge of inferior olive cells and mossy fibres has behaved in
      a manner consistent with the Marr-Albus theory of motor learning. We extend the
      theory to show how parallel fibres could implement both the coordination of
      complex movements and the learning of new movements. The size of the response
      combinations would be proportionate to the length of parallel fibres. The
      mechanism proposed here would permit optimized complex movement behaviours to
      respond to specific behavioural contexts rapidly, stereotypically and
      automatically. The mechanism would permit storage of many context-response
      couplings, and many complex responses. The mechanism would permit privacy,
      individuality and a large number of behavioural responses.

PMID- 9949824
TI  - Construction of a reach-to-grasp.
AB  - Reaching out to grasp an object requires the coordinated action of many different
      areas of the brain. Each area probably makes a unique contribution to the control
      of limb movement. We have studied the discharge of interpositus, the output
      nucleus of intermediate cerebellum, and magnocellular red nucleus, which connects
      interpositus to the spinal cord. The neurons in these areas discharge at high
      rates only if a hand movement is included with the reach, and discharge pattern
      is similar regardless of reach direction. Therefore, interpositus and
      magnocellular red nucleus are involved primarily in grasp control during the
      reach-to-grasp; other areas must be controlling the reach. Several other areas of
      the brain, including the reticular formation, rostral mesencephalon, superior
      colliculus and motor cortex, are active during reaching. The output from these
      descending systems converges on interneurons at spinal level C1 and C2 which, in
      turn, project to level C6, where motor neurons innervating shoulder muscles are
      located. We hypothesize that reach control is achieved by the convergence of
      multiple descending pathways onto a complex spinal interneuronal system.

PMID- 9949825
TI  - Cerebellum and the sensory guidance of movement.
AB  - By the end of the 19th century the locations of the primary visual and motor
      areas of the cerebral cortex were well recognized. At that time it was generally
      assumed that for the visual control of movement visual areas must be linked to
      motor areas by way of a series of cortico-cortical fibres. Subsequent
      experimental evidence showed clearly, however, that skilled visuomotor
      performance is still possible after complete disconnection of interhemispheric
      and intracortical fibre systems. Preservation of skilled visuomotor performance
      after such lesions has often been thought to be mediated by ipsilaterally
      descending motor pathways. However, the evidence indicates that there must also
      be subcortical pathways that link sensory to motor areas of the brain. One such
      pathway involves the cerebellum. There is a massive input from cortical and
      subcortical visual areas to the pontine nuclei. Cells in the pontine nuclei
      respond vigorously to appropriate visual targets and they distribute their axonal
      terminals bilaterally in the cerebellar cortex. A cortico-ponto-cerebellar
      circuit would have remained intact in all cases in the literature in which there
      was complete disconnection of cortico-cortical fibres between visual and motor
      cortex. Lesions of the cortical sensory areas that project to the pons or
      interruption of the fibres within the internal capsule or basis pedunculi, that
      link cortical sensory areas with the pontine nuclei, can severely impair the
      sensory guidance of movement. This paper reviews the evidence for sensory input
      to the cerebellum and the possible role of a cortico-ponto-cerebellar circuit in
      the sensory guidance of movement.

PMID- 9949826
TI  - The cerebellum, predictive control and motor coordination.
AB  - I argue that the cerebellum has at least two related roles, both sub-served by
      its operation as a 'forward model' of the motor system. First, it provides an
      internal state estimate or sensory prediction that is used for online control of
      movements; second, these predictive state estimates are used to coordinate
      actions by different effectors in the normal coordination of eye and hand, reach
      and grasp, etc. Preliminary electrophysiological data from cerebellar cortical
      neurons in the monkey supports the hypothesis that a proportion of cells code for
      the sensory consequences of movement. In a contrast between normal visually
      guided movement of a cursor and mirror reversed movement, approximately half the
      sample of 47 directionally sensitive cells were found to code for the movement of
      the cursor controlled by the monkey's limb, and not the limb movement itself.
      Functional imaging of the human cerebellum further supports the hypothesis that
      the cerebellum is involved in motor coordination. Subjects were tested performing
      ocular tracking, manual tracking without eye movement, or combined eye and hand
      tracking. Activation of cerebellar areas related to movement of eyes or hand
      alone was significantly enhanced when the subjects performed coordinated eye and
      hand tracking of a visual target.

PMID- 9949828
TI  - The apraxias are higher-order defects of sensorimotor integration.
AB  - The classical features of motor disorders due to neurological disease affecting
      the pyramidal pathways, cerebellum and basal ganglia in humans are well known.
      What is less understood is the clinical world of apraxia--'inability to perform
      purposeful skilled movements in the absence of any elementary motor (weakness,
      akinesia, abnormal posture or tone) or sensory deficits, or impaired
      comprehension or memory'. Much of what clinicians call apraxia is a failure of
      gesture production to command, due to problems of transcoding language into motor
      action, without motor deficit in ordinary life. However, damage to premotor
      regions and superior parietal lobules provokes devastating spontaneous higher
      order motor deficits, including limb-kinetic apraxia, diagnostic apraxia,
      visuomotor apraxia and ideational apraxia.

PMID- 9949827
TI  - Internal models for motor control.
AB  - The process of moving the hand to a target in space involves a series of
      sensorimotor transformations that translate visual and other sensory information
      about the location of the target object and the limbs into a set of motor
      commands that will bring the hand to the desired position. Recent work at various
      laboratories has provided strong support for the hypothesis that the CNS learns
      and maintains internal models of sensorimotor transformations. An internal model
      is a neural system that mimics the behaviour of the sensorimotor system and
      objects in the external environment. Internal models enable the CNS to predict
      the consequences of motor commands and to determine the motor commands required
      to perform specific tasks. In this chapter, we first summarize recent
      computational, behavioural and neurophysiological studies that address the
      theoretical necessity of internal models, the locations of internal models, and
      the neural mechanism for acquiring internal models through learning. Then, we
      propose a new computational model of multiple internal models.

PMID- 9949829
TI  - Caspases in cell death.

PMID- 9949830
TI  - Proteolytic targets in cell death.

PMID- 9949831
TI  - The point of no return: mitochondria, caspases, and the commitment to cell death.
AB  - Apoptosis is a specialized mode of cell death finely regulated at the molecular
      level and conserved throughout evolution. In many instances during normal
      development or in order to maintain the homeostasis of a multicellular organism,
      a strategic intracellular program is initiated ensuring the fate of unwanted
      cells. Interference with this program has been implicated in many pathologies,
      particularly in cancer and autoimmune diseases. What is most important, from the
      organism's point of view, is that the dismissal of the outcast cells is
      accomplished serenely, i.e., the dying cells resign their existence without
      causing an inflammatory reaction. Therefore, the ability to manipulate the cell
      death machinery is an obvious goal of medical research. Here, we debate the idea
      of the point-of-no-return and propose models for the role of "initiator" and
      "executioner" caspases in the death program. We argue that, in many
      circumstances, the cells are committed to die before the execution phase of
      apoptosis starts. This commitment event is coordinated by the mitochondria and
      can be blocked by anti-apoptotic oncogenes.

PMID- 9949832
TI  - Serpins and regulation of cell death.
AB  - Proteolysis is a key feature of programmed cell death. Extracellular proteinases
      can activate cell surface receptors which trigger apoptosis, and the effector
      machinery requires the activation and activity of numerous intracellular
      proteinases (primarily caspases). Effective control of proteolysis is essential
      for homeostasis and can occur at two levels: regulation of proteinase activation,
      and regulation of the activated proteinase. Serpins control activated proteinases
      and several have been implicated in the regulation of cell death. Serpins that
      inhibit intracellular processes include the viral proteins CrmA and SPI-1, as
      well as the granzyme B inhibitor, PI-9. Another endogenous serpin, PN-I, prevents
      the delivery of an apoptotic signal by inhibiting an extracellular proteinase
      from cleaving a cell surface receptor. There is evidence to suggest that PAI-2
      may target an extracellular as well as an intracellular proteinase. Much of our
      knowledge of proteolysis within apoptotic cells has come from studies using the
      poxvirus serpin CrmA/SPI-2. CrmA prevents cytokine processing by inhibiting
      caspase-1, and protects against Fas-, TNF- and TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by
      inhibiting an unidentified proteinase specific to these pathways. Work with CrmA
      has also clearly demonstrated that there are separable effector mechanisms within
      cells, and that those triggered by growth factor withdrawal, matrix dissociation
      or cytotoxic ligands are different in several respects to those triggered by
      radiation, chemicals or steroid hormones. It is likely that analysis of other
      poxvirus serpins with different inhibitory profiles (especially SPI-1) will yield
      further insights into these processes. Prospecting for intracellular serpin genes
      in other virus species may also be fruitful. Finally, all of the serpins known to
      regulate intracellular proteolysis are members of the ovalbumin subgroup. It
      remains to be seen whether the more recently described "orphan" ovalbumin serpins
      (Riewald and Schleef 1995; Sprecher et al. 1995; Sun et al. 1997) also have roles
      in the regulation of cell death.

PMID- 9949833
TI  - The IAP family of apoptotic regulators.

PMID- 9949834
TI  - Apoptosis versus necrosis: the shape of neuronal cell death.

PMID- 9949835
TI  - Prevention of neuronal cell death by Bcl-2.

PMID- 9949836
TI  - CD95 (APO-1/Fas) in hematopoietic diseases.

PMID- 9949837
TI  - The cornified envelope: a model of cell death in the skin.

PMID- 9949838
TI  - Radiation-induced cell death and its implications in human disease.

PMID- 9949840
TI  - [Total parenteral nutrition in cancer patients].

PMID- 9949839
TI  - T cell apoptosis in HIV infection: mechanisms and relevance for AIDS
      pathogenesis.

PMID- 9949841
TI  - [Total parenteral nutrition in the treatment of postoperative entero- and biliary
      cutaneous fistula].

PMID- 9949842
TI  - [Lipid feeding in oncology].

PMID- 9949843
TI  - [Effect of FDP on adenylic coefficient of charges].

PMID- 9949844
TI  - [Use of fructose diphosphate to correct altered oxyphoretic hemoglobin in
      seriously ill patients].

PMID- 9949845
TI  - [Rapid infusion of fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) in total parenteral nutrition
      (TPN). Control of some metabolic effects and possibility of reducing
      administration of exogenous insulin].

PMID- 9949846
TI  - [Preliminary clinical results with fructose-1,6-diphosphate in patients with
      hyperinsulinism].

PMID- 9949847
TI  - [Hepatic scintigraphy during total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Preliminary
      study].

PMID- 9949848
TI  - [Programmed perfusion anesthesia with althesin. Preliminary clinical results].

PMID- 9949849
TI  - [Programmed perfusion anesthesia with ketamine. Preliminary clinical results].

PMID- 9949850
TI  - [Possible use of althesin in neurosurgery for extra-intracranial arterial
      anastomosis].

PMID- 9949851
TI  - [Prevention of hypertensive crisis by narcosis induction in vascular surgery].

PMID- 9949852
TI  - [Evaluation of dopamine and serotonin turnover induced by some intravenous
      anesthetics].

PMID- 9949853
TI  - [Electroanalgesia in childbirth pain].

PMID- 9949854
TI  - [Use of intravenous flunitrazepam. Minimal dose for loss of conciousness].

PMID- 9949855
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic profile of etomidate].

PMID- 9949856
TI  - [Use of etomidate in continuous perfusion. Preliminary clinical experience].

PMID- 9949858
TI  - Development of HIV protease inhibitors: a survey.
AB  - In the treatment of infections caused by rapidly mutating viruses like human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV), combination therapy with multiple drugs acting by
      different mechanisms offers several advantages over monotherapy. It may provide:
      synergistic effect, possible reduction of dosages and side-effects, and reduction
      of the chance of drug resistance. In the past few years, hundreds of HIV protease
      inhibitors have been synthesized and tested in order to overcome the limitations
      of reverse transcriptase inhibitors like zidovudine and others. In this review,
      emphasis is placed on the development of HIV protease inhibitors as antiviral
      agents against HIV, and structure-activity relationship analysis of saquinavir
      and related compounds. Limitations of some protease inhibitors and ways to
      overcome the shortcomings are presented. Among these many protease inhibitors
      four have been marketed during 1995-1997. They are saquinavir, ritonavir,
      indinavir and nelfinavir. Their different structural features, important
      physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and clinical profiles are presented in a table
      form for easy comparison. It is hoped that in the future new drugs based on
      additional mechanisms can be developed for the treatment of AIDS.

PMID- 9949857
TI  - [Parenteral nutrition treatment in serious eclampsia].

PMID- 9949859
TI  - Insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes, pathologic mechanisms and treatment: current status and therapeutic
      possibilities.
AB  - Impaired glucose tolerance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) are the
      pathologic consequence of two co-incident and interacting conditions, namely
      insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Recognised by the World
      Health Authority as a global health problem there are at 1995 estimates at least
      110 million diagnosed diabetics world wide with at least the same number
      undiagnosed. Diabetes is the 4th leading cause of death in developed countries
      and its management exerts a vast economic and social burden. Insulin resistance
      is established as the characteristic pathologic feature of patients with glucose
      intolerance and NIDDM describing a state in which insulin stimulated glucose
      uptake and utilisation in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue is impaired
      and coupled to impaired suppression of hepatic glucose output. Although the
      biochemical mechanisms underpinning both defects are becoming better understood,
      the genetic and molecular causes remain elusive; and whether insulin resistance
      or relative insulin deficiency represents the primary defect in patients with
      NIDDM is the matter of some debate. In this article we review the biochemical and
      molecular nature of the defects in insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, and
      discuss some of the potential causative mechanisms. The genetic and environmental
      basis of insulin resistance is reviewed and presented, and potential therapeutic
      targets including thiazolidinediones are discussed.

PMID- 9949860
TI  - Peptide drug delivery into the central nervous system.
AB  - The microvasculature of the central nervous system (CNS) is characterized by
      tight junctions between the endothelial cells and, thus, behaves as a continuous
      lipid bilayer that prevents the passage of polar and lipid-insoluble substances
      such as peptides. Highly active enzymes expressed in the morphological components
      of the microcirculation also represent a metabolic component that contributes to
      the homeostatic balance of the CNS. Peptides generally cannot enter the brain and
      spinal cord from the circulating blood because they are highly polar and lipid
      insoluble, metabolically unstable, and active transport systems only exist for
      very few of them in this membraneous barrier separating the systemic circulation
      from the interstitial fluid of the CNS. This blood-brain barrier is, therefore,
      the major obstacle to peptide-based drugs that are potentially useful for
      combating diseases affecting the brain and spinal cord. This review discusses and
      critically evaluates invasive, chemical-enzymatic (prodrug and chemical
      delivery/targeting system) and biological carrier-based approaches to overcome
      the blood-brain barrier for these highly active and versatile molecules that are
      very attractive as a future generation of neuropharmaceuticals.

PMID- 9949861
TI  - Abnormalities of protein kinases in neurodegenerative diseases.
AB  - In neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS and AD there is evidence for abnormal
      regulation of protein kinases. In these diseases, altered activities and protein
      levels of several specific kinases suggest that abnormal phosphorylation is
      present and this aberrant phosphorylation may be involved in the pathogenesis of
      these diseases. The observation that regulation of the NMDA receptor ion channel
      is altered in tissue from ALS patients may arise from the abnormal
      phosphorylation state of the protein kinase regulating NMDA receptor function.
      Whether the abnormalities of these protein kinases is a primary event leading to
      altered receptor regulation or vice versa is still poorly understood. The
      seemingly multiple pathogenic mechanisms of ALS and AD create complexity in
      assessing a primary cause that may lead to cell death. The mechanisms causing
      cell death (apoptosis or necrosis) may be overlapping with integrated events
      among the components interacting and contributing to a final pathway for neuron
      death. Thus, evidence of impairment in protein kinase signalling in these
      diseases may be a primary cause, a secondary event, or a compensatory mechanism.
      To further study this issue, different model systems could be beneficial to
      obtain a better understanding of these diseases.

PMID- 9949862
TI  - Biomimicry as a basis for drug discovery.
AB  - Selected works are discussed which clearly demonstrate that mimicking various
      aspects of the process by which natural products evolved is becoming a powerful
      tool in contemporary drug discovery. Natural products are an established and rich
      source of drugs. The term "natural product" is often used synonymously with
      "secondary metabolite." Knowledge of genetics and molecular evolution helps us
      understand how biosynthesis of many classes of secondary metabolites evolved. One
      proposed hypothesis is termed "inventive evolution." It invokes duplication of
      genes, and mutation of the gene copies, among other genetic events. The modified
      duplicate genes, per se or in conjunction with other genetic events, may give
      rise to new enzymes, which, in turn, may generate new products, some of which may
      be selected for. Steps of the inventive evolution can be mimicked in several ways
      for purpose of drug discovery. For example, libraries of chemical compounds of
      any imaginable structure may be produced by combinatorial synthesis. Out of these
      libraries new active compounds can be selected. In another example, genetic
      system can be manipulated to produce modified natural products ("unnatural
      natural products"), from which new drugs can be selected. In some instances,
      similar natural products turn up in species that are not direct descendants of
      each other. This is presumably due to a horizontal gene transfer. The mechanism
      of this inter-species gene transfer can be mimicked in therapeutic gene delivery.
      Mimicking specifics or principles of chemical evolution including experimental
      and test-tube evolution also provides leads for new drug discovery.

PMID- 9949863
TI  - Serotonin in migraine: theories, animal models and emerging therapies.
AB  - A role for serotonin in migraine has been supported by changes in circulating
      levels of serotonin and its metabolites during the phases of a migraine attack,
      along with the ability of serotonin-releasing agents to induce migraine-like
      symptoms. The development of serotonin receptor agonists with efficacy in the
      clinic for the alleviation of migraine pain further implicates serotonin as a key
      molecule in migraine. Several theories regarding the etiology of migraine have
      been proposed. The vasodilatory theory of migraine suggested that extracranial
      arterial dilation during an attack was related to migraine pain; a theory
      supported when vasoconstrictors such as sumatriptan alleviated migraine pain. The
      neurological theory of migraine proposed that migraine resulted from abnormal
      firing in brain neurons. Cortical spreading depression, one facet of the
      neurological theory, could explain the prodrome of migraine. The neurogenic dural
      inflammation theory of migraine supposed that the dural membrane surrounding the
      brain became inflamed and hypersensitive due to release of neuropeptides from
      primary sensory nerve terminals. Substance P, calcitonin gene related peptide and
      nitric oxide are all though to play a role in the dural inflammatory cascade.
      Animal models of migraine have been utilized to study the physiology of migraine
      and develop new pharmaceutical therapies. One model measures the shunting of
      blood to arteriovenous anastomoses based on a proposal that migraine primarily
      involves cranial arteriovenous vasodilation. Another model utilizes electrical
      stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion to induce neurogenic dural inflammation
      quantified by the resulting extravasation of proteins. Pharmacological agents
      such as meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) and nitroglycerin have also been used
      to induce dural extravasation in animals. Both compounds also induce migraine
      attacks in individuals with a history of migraine. In addition, Fos, a protein
      produced by activation of the c-fos gene, has been measured as an index of
      migraine-like pain transmission to the CNS following chemical or electrical
      stimulation of the trigeminal nerve. A role for serotonin in migraine is further
      supported by the efficacy of serotonin receptor ligands. Sumatriptan is an
      agonist at 5-HT1D and 5-HT1B receptor subtypes, and effective in treating
      migraine pain and associated symptoms. Recently, selective 5-HT1F agonists have
      been proposed for the treatment of migraine, without the side effects associated
      with the present 5-HT1D and 5-HT1B receptor agonists. A role for 5-HT2B receptors
      has also been suggested the initiation of migraine, supporting use of selective 5
      HT2B receptor antagonists in migraine. Thus, agents that modulate 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D,
      5-HT1F and 5-HT2B receptors either have or may have clinical utility in the
      therapy of migraine headache.

PMID- 9949864
TI  - The application of high-throughput screening to novel lead discovery.
AB  - The ability to discover new lead compounds for novel therapeutic targets is a
      pivotal step in drug discovery programmes. High-throughput screening (HTS)
      utilises a number of platforms for the rapid screening of novel targets to
      accelerate this process. Key issues in HTS include assay configuration and the
      ability of a high-throughput screen to predict drug-target interactions
      accurately. This review highlights a number of issues in the HTS process and
      describes three key target areas that are likely to be sources of novel,
      therapeutically important drugs. Particular emphasis is placed on the mechanistic
      basis of drug-target interactions that are of prime importance in the design of
      HTS approaches. Critical aspects of information management related to HTS are
      summarised.

PMID- 9949865
TI  - Characterization and analysis of D-amino acids.
AB  - The need to screen a large number of natural extracts, with the aim of detecting
      D-amino acids or isolating and characterizing peptides containing them, has
      stimulated the development of novel and improved procedures for the analysis of
      amino acid enantiomeric mixtures, with special attention paid to automation.
      Different methods for the analysis of D-amino acids are described and discussed.

PMID- 9949866
TI  - Occurrence and function of D-amino acid-containing peptides and proteins:
      antimicrobial peptides.
AB  - Antimicrobial peptides are widely distributed in living organisms, where they
      represent a constitutive defence system acting as a first line of response
      against infections. The number of such peptides discovered has increased rapidly
      in the last few years, and more than 100 have been described from different
      sources. So far, antimicrobial peptides containing a D-amino acid have only been
      found in the skin secretions of frogs belonging to the genus Bombina. In the
      second position of the sequence of the mature peptides either D-alloisoleucine or
      D-leucine were detected. The D-amino acids are derived from the corresponding L
      forms by an as yet unknown posttranslational reaction.

PMID- 9949867
TI  - Molluscan neuropeptides.
AB  - Achatin-I, fulicin, fulyal, Mytilus-FFRFamide and Helix CCAP-RP-III are D-amino
      acid-containing neuropeptides from molluscs. Achatin-I, fulicin and fulyal from
      Achatina showed excitatory and/or modulatory actions on the penis retractor,
      radula retractor or ventricular muscles and neurons, though their L isomers were
      devoid of activity. On the other hand, both Mytilus-FFRFamide and its L isomer
      showed excitatory effects on the anterior byssus retractor muscle. Moreover, in
      contrast to Achatina neuropeptides, Helix CCAP-RP-III exhibited no remarkable
      activities on any of the muscles tested; instead, its L isomer possessed various
      excitatory effects. The molecular structures of these short peptides would be
      affected by the L-->D conversion and could influence activity. Molecular
      biological studies on the fulicin precursor suggest that fulicin, fulyal and
      related peptides are produced in Achatina ganglia and heart by processing of the
      ribosomally made precursor, and that L-isomeric fulicin and fulyal further
      undergo epimerization to yield the D-isomers.

PMID- 9949868
TI  - Opioid peptides from frog skin.
AB  - The skin of the South American frogs Phyllomedusa secretes, in addition to
      numerous mammalian-like hormones and neuropeptides, several gene-encoded opioid
      peptides that contain a D-amino acid in position 2 of their sequence. Dermorphin,
      Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH2, dermenkephalin/deltorphin A, Tyr-D-Met-Phe-His
      Leu-Met-Asp-NH2 and the deltorphins, Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Xaa-Val-Val-Gly-NH2 (where Xaa
      is either Asp or Glu) are highly potent at, and exquisitely selective, for the mu
      and delta-opioid receptors. D-Ala and D-Met present in dermorphin and related
      peptides are coded for by the usual codons in the corresponding messenger RNAs.
      Prepro-dermorphin/dermenkephalin and prepro-deltorphins have considerable
      sequence identities to precursors encoding 10-46-residue-long antimicrobial
      peptides--dermaseptins, brevinins, temporins, esculentins and gaegurins-
      originating from various amphibian species. The similarity between the prepro
      regions of precursors encoding end products with strikingly different structures
      and biological activities supports the suggestion that the genes encoding these
      peptides are all members of the same family.

PMID- 9949869
TI  - D-amino acids in crustacean hyperglycemic neurohormones.

PMID- 9949870
TI  - Biosynthesis of D-amino acid-containing peptides: exploring the role of peptide
      isomerases.
AB  - The discovery of D-amino acid residues in a growing number of gene-encoded
      peptides suggests that such biochemical modifications are more common than
      initially thought. In fact, the extent to which D-amino acids are incorporated
      into peptides by multicellular organisms probably has not been fully realized,
      since routine Edman sequencing does not provide the absolute stereochemistry of
      amino acid residues. Unless both the D and L isomers of a particular peptide
      sequence are isolated, D-amino acid-containing peptides are often identified only
      after synthesis of naturally-occurring peptide fails to yield the desired
      activity. To date, D-amino acid residues (e.g., alanine, methionine, leucine,
      isoleucine, phenyl alanine, asparagine, tryptophan and serine) have been
      identified in peptides from a variety of species, including frogs, snails, clams,
      lobsters and spiders. While most have a single D-amino acid residue located near
      their N-termini, an exception is found with omega-Aga IVB. The examples
      highlighted in this chapter are the result of a unique strategy of multicellular
      organisms to circumvent stereochemical limitations imposed by the genetic code in
      an effort to increase molecular diversity. The presence of D-amino acids permits
      the generation of novel tertiary structure that could not be accessed from L
      amino acids alone. Moreover, advantages of increased potency and protease
      stability are often observed. Our understanding of the biosynthesis of these D
      amino acid-containing peptides is still in its infancy. Nevertheless, the
      discovery of a novel peptide isomerase from the venom of the Agelenopsis aperta
      spider provides some important clues to explain the incorporation of single D
      amino acid residues within a peptide chain. Given its high homology with other
      serine proteases, the isomerase may represent an opportune mutation in response
      to evolutionary pressures. Yet, is the isomerase a unique exception or simply the
      first in a class of enzymes of varying substrate specificity capable of
      synthesizing D-amino acid-containing peptides? To be sure, much more remains to
      be explored about the precise timing and mechanism of the isomerization process,
      in addition to obtaining further structural data on the enzyme itself. Therein
      lies the continuation of this fascinating story in enzyme biochemistry.

PMID- 9949871
TI  - Appearance of D-amino acids during aging: D-amino acids in tumor proteins.
AB  - In 1939 Kogl and Erxleben [1-4] reported that tumor proteins contain appreciable
      amounts of D-amino acids, specifically glutamic acid, valine, leucine and lysine,
      implying that both the initiation and autonomous character of tumors depends on
      the formation and maintenance of these D-amino acids in the cell proteins. This
      postulate remained highly controversial for over 10 years, during which time
      several papers both supporting and refuting this hypothesis were published. The
      dispute existed almost entirely between Kogl, a vigorous and able protagonist at
      the University of Utrecht, Netherlands, and an impressive array of equally
      vigorous and able dissenters in the United Kingdom and Germany. An excellent
      review of both sides of this controversy was written by Miller in 1950 [5]. After
      many years and much effort the controversy then seemed to be put to rest.
      However, more than 40 years later the development of much more refined analytical
      techniques for the resolution and detection of amino acid enantiomers provided
      more definitive evidence that D-amino acids are not common to all tumor tissues
      and probably are not integral to the cancer process. This is not surprising when
      one considers that a tumor consists of fast-growing cells. Thus, there would not
      be sufficient time for any L-amino acid to racemize to the D isomer. Some D-amino
      acids may originate in foods consumed, but it is uncertain whether enzyme systems
      are able to incorporate D-amino acids into tumor proteins during growth.
      Nevertheless, if significant levels of D-amino acids were to be found in tumor
      proteins, the implications could be far-reaching. Confirmation of the presence of
      D-amino acids at any concentration in tumors would provide new insights into the
      mechanism for autogenesis and maintenance of tumors.

PMID- 9949872
TI  - D-amino acids in aging erythrocytes.
AB  - Mature human erythrocytes are highly differentiated cells which have lost the
      ability to biosynthesize proteins de novo. During cell aging in circulation,
      erythrocyte proteins undergo spontaneous postbiosynthetic modifications, regarded
      as "protein fatigue" damage, which include formation of isomerized and/or
      racemized aspartyl residues. These damaged proteins cannot be replaced by new
      molecules; nevertheless, data support the notion that they can be repaired to a
      significant extent, through an enzymatic transmethylation reaction. This repair
      reaction has therefore been used as a means to monitor the increase of altered
      aspartyl residues in erythrocyte membrane proteins during cell aging. The
      relationship between protein repair and aspartyl racemization in red blood cell
      stress and disease is discussed.

PMID- 9949873
TI  - D-amino acid hydrolysing enzymes.
AB  - Only a few enzymes that hydrolyse peptide bonds involving D-amino acids
      effectively have been discovered and characterised in multicellular organisms.
      Mammalian renal dipeptidase hydrolyses various dipeptides with a D-amino acid
      only at the C-terminal with similar efficiency to their L-amino acid
      diastereomers, but not dipeptides with an N-terminal D-amino acid residue. Nor
      does the enzyme act on tripeptides. Dipeptides similar to those hydrolysed by the
      enzyme are also hydrolysed by cytosolic leucine aminopeptidase, but much less
      effectively than their L-amino acid diastereomers. Peptidyl-D-amino acid
      hydrolase from cephalopods has a somewhat broader substrate specificity than the
      renal dipeptidase and hydrolyses, as well, some dipeptides with a D-amino acid at
      the N-terminal. It also acts on larger peptides than dipeptides, albeit slowly.
      Carnosinase is specific to dipeptides containing L-His as the C-terminal residue,
      and hydrolyses D-Ala-L-His about as well as carnosine.

PMID- 9949874
TI  - Homochirality and life.
AB  - After clarifying the frequently misused term homochirality, the crucial
      importance of homochirality and chiral purity in the development and maintenance
      of the essential biopolymers of life--proteins and nucleic acids--is discussed.
      The harsh and forbidding prebiotic environment during the era of cometary impact
      after formation of the Earth approximately 4.5 Gyr ago is described, after which
      the most important abiotic mechanisms proposed historically for the genesis of
      chiral molecules on the primitive Earth are enumerated. Random and determinate
      terrestrial mechanisms are each evaluated with regard to the environmental
      restraints imposed during the impact era, and it is concluded that all such
      mechanisms would be inapplicable and implausible in the realistic prebiotic
      environment. To circumvent these limitations, an extended hypothesis is presented
      describing an extraterrestrial source of homochiral terrestrial molecules.
      Illustrated in Figure 2, this scenario involves the partial asymmetric photolysis
      of the racemic constituents of organic mantles on interstellar dust grains by the
      circularly polarized ultraviolet components of the synchrotron radiation
      emanating from the neutron star remnants of super-novae. The resulting homochiral
      constituents with low enanantiomeric excesses (e.e.s) so produced in the organic
      mantles are subsequently conveyed to Earth either by direct accumulation or, more
      likely, after coalescence into comets or asteroids, followed by repetitive
      impingement during the impact era. Finally, the low e.e.s of the extraterrestrial
      homochiral molecules so introduced are amplified by terrestrial autocatalytic or
      polymerization mechanisms into a state of chiral purity, then are ultimately
      concentrated and protected by sequestration in the interiors of spontaneously
      formed protocellular vesicles--there to await further chemical evolution toward
      the biomolecules of life. Recent observations of the excess of L-over D-amino
      acids in the Murchison meteorite are cited as validation for the early stages of
      the proposed hypothesis.

PMID- 9949875
TI  - Fish cell lines as a tool in aquatic toxicology.
AB  - In aquatic toxicology, cytotoxicity tests using continuous fish cell lines have
      been suggested as a tool for (1) screening or toxicity ranking of anthropogenic
      chemicals, compound mixtures and environmental samples, (2) establishment of
      structure-activity relationships, and (3) replacement or supplementation of in
      vivo animal tests. Due to the small sample volumes necessary for cytotoxicity
      tests, they appear to be particularly suited for use in chemical fractionation
      studies. The present contribution reviews the existing literature on cytotoxicity
      studies with fish cells and considers the influence of cell line and cytotoxicity
      endpoint selection on the test results. Furthermore, in vitro/in vivo
      correlations between fish cell lines and intact fish are discussed. During recent
      years, fish cell lines have been increasingly used for purposes beyond their
      meanwhile established role for cytotoxicity measurements. They have been
      successfully introduced for detection of genotoxic effects, and cell lines are
      now applied for investigations on toxic mechanisms and on biomarkers such as
      cytochrome P4501A. The development of recombinant fish cell lines may further
      support their role as a bioanalytical tool in environmental diagnostics.

PMID- 9949876
TI  - Architectural pattern, tissue and cellular morphology in livers of fishes:
      relationship to experimentally-induced neoplastic responses.
AB  - The teleost liver is one of the most sensitive organs to show alteration in
      biochemistry, physiology and structure following exposure to various types of
      environmental pollutants. Despite the importance of this organ to environmental
      toxicology and to ecotoxicology where biomarkers of exposure and of deleterious
      effect are found, the architectural pattern is not well known. This chapter
      reviews an architectural plan for teleost liver and compares that to the often
      cited mammalian pattern. Hepatic tubules composed principally of hepatocytes and
      biliary epithelial cells are in close proximity to lacunae which are of
      mesodermal origin. As is described, the tubule and lacunae concepts provide a
      means to better interpret morphologic alterations following exposure. These
      concepts are used to illustrate features of the chronic toxicity following
      exposure to proven carcinogens.

PMID- 9949877
TI  - Immunochemical approaches to studies of CYP1A localization and induction by
      xenobiotics in fish.
AB  - There is an increasing understanding that polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
      (PAHs) and organochlorine compounds (like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
      certain pesticides and dioxins) in the aquatic environment may lead to
      physiological and pathological effects such as immunological disturbances,
      effects on reproduction and development, and even neoplasms. Exposure to
      pollutants may have consequences at all levels in the biological organization,
      from the cellular level over effects on the individual organism, population, to
      the entire ecosystem. The cytochrome P450 system (CYP or P450) has an essential
      function in the biotransformation of endogenous and exogenous compounds. The fact
      that many different environmental pollutants induce de novo synthesis of
      cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) proteins in fish, gives these enzymes an interesting
      position in aquatic toxicology. Many investigations concerning the CYP1A system
      in fish have been performed over the last two decades, demonstrating its
      usefulness as a biomarker for aquatic pollution. A general overview of the
      biochemical and toxicological aspects concerning the cytochrome P450 system will
      be given here, followed by a more detailed description of CYP1A induction
      responses in fish. Ecotoxicological consequences of CYP1A induction and the use
      of immunochemical techniques for CYP1A detection as a biomarker in environmental
      monitoring will be discussed.

PMID- 9949878
TI  - Origin of cadmium and lead in clear softwater lakes of high-altitude and high
      latitude, and their bioavailability and toxicity to fish.
AB  - As a consequence of atmospheric deposition, effects of pollutants such as
      acidification and metal contamination are evident even in remote aquatic
      ecosystems of mountain and polar regions. Due to similar environmental
      characteristics (e.g., oligotrophy, low buffering capacity, long ice-cover, high
      precipitation rates), clearwater high altitude and high latitude lakes represent
      very sensitive ecosystems, which are extremely susceptible to even slight changes
      of the environment. Thus, the environmental relevance of Cd and Pb for both types
      of lakes is discussed in relation to their extraordinary sensitivity to
      environmental changes. The impact of Cd and Pb on fish from high altitude and
      high latitude lakes is reviewed and biotic and abiotic factors controlling
      bioavailability and toxicity of metals to fish are summarized. Apart from direct
      toxic effects of low pH, acidification increases the bioavailability of metals
      for fish. Furthermore, low concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and
      suspended particles take influence on the uptake and toxicity of metals in fish
      from clear high altitude and high latitude lakes. Since even very low
      concentrations of Cd and Pb may result in high metal concentrations in fish,
      evaluation of critical metal loads for clear high altitude and high latitude
      lakes is of major importance.

PMID- 9949879
TI  - Multiple stressors in the Sacramento River watershed.
AB  - Aquatic biota in the Sacramento River watershed are stressed by diversion of
      river flows, by historical mining resulting in cadmium, copper, zinc, and
      mercury, and, more recently, contamination by agricultural and urban chemical
      runoff. In addition, the proposed redirection of drainage of saline waters-
      containing selenium--from the western slope of the San Joaquin River into the
      Delta formed by the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers could add
      to the stress on resident organisms. These combined stressors have led to
      deterioration in surface water quality and the aquatic habitat. The potential
      interaction of these stressors, coupled with invasions of foreign species and the
      export of juvenile fish into aqueducts, has driven several species of fish to
      near extinction in the system. Effects of historical contamination by heavy
      metals are potentially exacerbated by presence of organophosphate pesticides, at
      concentrations exceeding National Academy of Sciences recommendations, throughout
      the lower watershed and the San Francisco Bay. The Asian clam, Potamocorbula
      amurensis, an introduced non-indigenous species has apparently become a preferred
      food item of the sturgeon, Accipenser transmontanus, an important sport and
      aquaculture species. Since this introduction, sturgeon body burdens for selenium
      have increased dramatically and analytical chemistry of P. amurensis indicates
      that these organisms are effective bioaccumulators of selenium. This review
      examines potential ecotoxicity associated with multiple stressors in the
      watershed. Data from field monitoring, laboratory toxicity assays with ambient
      water, and ecotoxicologic investigations are reviewed. Potential designs for
      multiple stressor investigations are discussed. The information presented on this
      watershed illustrates the challenge to investigators seeking to evaluate multiple
      stressor effects on riverine and estuarine organisms.

PMID- 9949880
TI  - Effects of estrogenic substances in the aquatic environment.
AB  - This review describes the research that has been carried out into estrogenic
      effects occurring in aquatic environments, both freshwater and marine, and the
      substances found to be responsible. In summary, estrogenic (and probably some
      anti-androgenic) activity has mainly been detected in a variety of treated sewage
      and other effluents, but also as a result of certain chemical spills and
      deliberate applications. This activity has resulted in a number of effects in
      vertebrate wildlife that can best be described as feminization, although the
      severity of these effects ranges from biomarkers of exposure such as vitellogenin
      induction in males through to morphological changes in sex organs and complete
      sex reversal. The implications of these changes for the future of aquatic
      wildlife populations have not yet been thoroughly explored. It is unlikely that
      all the causative substances have yet been discovered, but those which have been
      positively identified include natural and synthetic estrogenic hormones, natural
      plant sterols, synthetic alkylphenols, and certain organochlorine substances. The
      review concludes that there is now a need to investigate the consequences for
      wildlife populations of exposure to these materials, by means of a variety of
      field experiments and investigations.

PMID- 9949881
TI  - Bioaccumulation of contaminants in fish.
AB  - The term bioaccumulation is defined as uptake, storage, and accumulation of
      organic and inorganic contaminants by organisms from their environment.
      Bioaccumulation therefore results from complex interactions between various
      routes of uptake, excretion, passive release, and metabolization. For fish, the
      bioaccumulation process includes two routes of uptake: aqueous uptake of water
      borne chemicals, and dietary uptake by ingestion of contaminated food particles.
      The contribution to bioaccumulation that results from aqueous exposure and is
      taken up by the gills is called bioconcentration. The contribution to
      bioaccumulation resulting from dietary exposure via uptake by intestinal mucosa
      is termed biomagnification. In both cases, important co-determinants for
      bioaccumulation are the various elimination mechanisms. This chapter presents a
      short historical survey of the problem of bioaccumulation with particular
      reference to fish and of the various approaches to study bioaccumulation. This is
      followed by an overview of our present knowledge about basic physico-chemical
      determinants that either increase or reduce the bioaccumulation potential of
      various chemicals, and about the physiological basis of gills, blood circulation
      and intestines, as far as they are crucial for our understanding of uptake and
      accumulation. Finally, selected quantitative data and modelings of
      bioaccumulation in fish will be discussed, with regard to such problems as the
      relative importance of aqueous and dietary uptake.

PMID- 9949882
TI  - ART success and in vivo sperm cell selection depend on the ultramorphological
      status of spermatozoa.
AB  - Management of male infertility has recently shifted from treatment of the
      subfertile man towards techniques of assisted reproduction (ART). This study
      aimed to evaluate the possible role of the ultramorphological status of the
      spermatozoon with respect to sperm selection in vivo and prediction of ART
      success. Ultramorphological sperm parameters were assessed retrospectively for 92
      males with sufficient sperm density (10(7) spermatozoa ejaculate-1) whose wives
      conceived following a stepwise discarding of the female genital tract barriers,
      using intra-uterine insemination (IUI) (n = 26), in vitro fertilization (IVF) (n
      = 45) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (n = 21). In parallel, sperm
      samples of 71 fertile males were examined. Normal ultramorphology of all head and
      tail subcellular organelles was found to be essential for the ability of
      spermatozoa to pass the lower female genital tract. The ultramorphological
      migration threshold for this barrier is apparently higher than that essential for
      oocyte fertilization. No specific indication associated with passage through the
      upper genital tract was found. A high prevalence of axonema defects was found to
      impair the ability of sperm cells to penetrate the oocyte investment. The natural
      fertility index, based on routine sperm parameters and the ultrastructural status
      of the spermatozoon's subcellular organelles was confirmed to be beneficial for
      directing patients to ART. A discriminative score based on axonema integrity was
      found to contribute additional information for the first choice decision between
      conventional ART and ICSI (75% prediction ability). Thus it may be helpful in
      finding the simplest and least expensive procedure with the greatest long-term
      chance for pregnancy.

PMID- 9949883
TI  - Pentoxifylline stimulates various sperm motion parameters and cervical mucus
      penetrability in patients with asthenozoospermia.
AB  - Pentoxifylline (PTX) was incubated in vitro with human spermatozoa to examine its
      effects on sperm motility characteristics and bovine cervical mucus penetrability
      (BCMP). Sperm motion parameters were assessed by computer-assisted motion
      analysis (CASA) using HTM-IVOS and BCMP was evaluated using the Penetrak kit. In
      vitro incubation with PTX (1 mg ml-1; 3.6 mM, 30 min) did not significantly
      change percentage motility, average path velocity (VAP), straight-line velocity
      (VSL) or beat cross frequency (BCF) of spermatozoa from normozoospermic or
      asthenozoospermic samples. However, it significantly increased curvilinear
      velocity (VCL), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) and hyperactivated
      motility (HA), and significantly decreased linearity (LIN) of spermatozoa from
      both samples. Pentoxifylline was found to increase BCMP scores for spermatozoa
      from asthenozoospermic samples, but did not affect scores for spermatozoa from
      normozoospermic samples. Bovine cervical mucus penetrability (BCMP) was found to
      be positively and significantly correlated with the percentage motility of both
      non-PTX-treated and PTX-treated spermatozoa for asthenozoospermic samples. These
      results demonstrated that PTX enhanced several motion sperm parameters as well as
      BCMP in asthenozoospermic samples and suggest a potential use of the
      methylxanthine in infertile patients with motility defects undergoing artificial
      insemination.

PMID- 9949884
TI  - Lipid peroxidation in human spermatozoa and maintenance of progressive sperm
      motility.
AB  - Washed and deep frozen spermatozoa of 46 patients from an infertility clinic were
      separated into 3 different groups depending on their progressive motility
      (expressed as the sperm motile efficiency index according to Ishii et al., 1977),
      determined 0 and 3 h after liquefaction, and were examined for their lipid
      peroxidation (LPO) potential by means of the thiobarbituric acid assay.
      Spontaneous and iron-catalysed generation (after 15, 30 and 60 min incubation) of
      thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) was measured
      spectrophotometrically. Spontaneous LPO revealed the highest generation of TBARS
      in the group of spermatozoa with initially normal progressive motility and
      decreased maintenance of progressive motility after 3 h of aerobic incubation.
      Iron-catalysed LPO generally revealed the highest amounts of TBARS after 60 min,
      especially in the aforementioned group with decreased motility maintenance. The
      differences between this group and the two other groups were highly significant.
      Consequently, spermatozoa with initially normal progressive motility but
      decreased maintenance of motility, generated higher amounts of stable LPO
      products than others, which suggests that loss of motility under aerobic
      incubation seems to be the consequence of enhanced LPO processes.

PMID- 9949885
TI  - Morphometrical comparison of human spermatozoa obtained from semen and swim-up
      methodology.
AB  - Because morphology is regularly established in semen smears, but not in swim-up
      spermatozoa, we were interested in comparing some morphological parameters of
      semen and swim-up spermatozoa to establish if the cells selected by the swim-up
      method were morphologically similar to those considered normal in semen. Normal
      human semen samples were divided into two aliquots. One of these aliquots was
      washed by centrifugation with B2 medium and sperm smears were prepared with the
      resulting pellet as a control. The other aliquot was used to perform swim-up
      separation and the spermatozoa from the supernatant were used as experimental
      smears. Both groups were stained according to the triple stain technique and
      spontaneous acrosome reaction and viability were determined. Video microscopy and
      computer-assisted image processing of live and non-reacted sperm cells were used
      to establish morphometrical parameters of the sperm head in both populations. The
      following set of morphometrical parameters were considered: width, length,
      width/length ratio, acrosome area, head area, and acrosome area/head area ratio.
      An increase in head width, a decrease in head length and a subsequent increase of
      width/length ratio were found in swim-up cells compared with the control group. A
      slight increase in acrosome area/head area ratio was also observed in swim-up
      supermatozoa. Through the swim-up methodology we were able to select a
      subpopulation of oval shaped heads with spermatozoa having a bigger acrosome area
      in comparison to semen.

PMID- 9949886
TI  - Treatment-related stresses and depression in couples undergoing assisted
      reproductive treatment by IVF or ICSI.
AB  - The purposes of the study were to compare treatment-related stresses of couples
      undergoing IVF or ICSI treatment (ejaculated, epididymal or testicular
      spermatozoa) and to identify sex differences and risk factors for depression. A
      one-year cohort of couples was retrospectively sent questionnaires on infertility
      and treatment-related distress and depression (Depression Scale, D-S). Two
      hundred and eighty-one women and 281 men (61% of those eligible) were included.
      As determined by analysis of the medical charts, successful couples were more
      likely to participate. Treatment-related distress was generally higher for women
      than for men. Treatment by ICSI carried additional burdens for the men: they
      reported a greater subjective responsibility for the infertility, impact of
      childlessness on daily life, treatment-related stresses (particularly for
      MESA/TESE) and time demands. Even when clinical differences between treatments
      (e.g. age, previous treatments) were controlled statistically, depression scores
      did not differ. Independent of the treatment, women were significantly more
      depressed than their age-matched female controls from the general population and
      their husbands. The men only reported marginally elevated depression scores
      compared to their controls. Meaningful characteristics were identified that could
      guide clinicians to give psychological support to those couples at risk for
      depression, e.g. an unsuccessful treatment outcome, repeated treatment cycles, a
      low socioeconomic status, foreign nationality, or, for women, a lack of partner
      support.

PMID- 9949887
TI  - Localisation of enzymes in live spermatozoa by CellProbe reagents (preliminary
      results).
AB  - As a new approach, various synthetic fluorogenic substrates, the CellProbe
      reagents, were applied to examine the topography of their cleavage in vital human
      spermatozoa. These substrates are able to enter the cells without requiring
      previous cell permeabilization and can produce a fluorescent dye after cleavage,
      depending on enzyme activity. Vital spermatozoa from samples with normal
      spermiogram parameters showed fluorescence in different areas and intensity after
      incubation with a variety of substrates for aminopeptidase A, peroxides,
      subtilisin, dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV), cathepsin D, glucosidase and
      glucuronidase, but not with the substrate for galactosidase. Fluorescence was
      mainly located in the acrosomal cap (substrates for DPP IV, subtilisin, cathepsin
      D, glucosidase and glucuronidase) in the middle piece and head (substrates for
      peroxides, glucosidase), in the sperm head (substrates for aminopeptidase A) and
      occasionally in the tail (substrate for glucosidase). The substrate for
      subtilisin may play a role in andrology, because subtilisin is a serine protease
      like acrosin. This substrate may possibly be used to determine the acrosin
      activity in vital spermatozoa. The CellProbe reagents for fluorescence
      cytoenzymology may serve advanced methods in both clinical andrology and
      spermiological research, presuming that the characteristics and qualities of the
      synthetic substrates are correct. Therefore, more extended studies will be
      necessary to determine their clinical utility and significance under
      physiological and pathological conditions.

PMID- 9949888
TI  - Direct effect of alcohol on the motility and morphology of human spermatozoa.
AB  - Excessive alcohol consumption has been associated with impaired reproductive
      function by causing the inhibition of penile tumescence and ejaculatory
      capability. Alcohol intoxication has also been implicated in impaired
      spermatogenesis and an increase in sperm structural anomalies. The aim of this
      study was to determine the direct effects of alcohol on sperm motility and
      morphology in vitro. Semen samples from 67 subjects were prepared using density
      centrifugation. Ethanol was added, at concentrations in serum equivalent to
      social, moderate and heavy drinking, to the medium in which the spermatozoa were
      cultured. Sperm motility was assessed using computer assisted semen analysis and
      morphology was assessed by Tygerberg strict criteria after 0, 15, 30, 60, 120,
      180 and 240 min exposure. Each concentration of ethanol produced significant
      decreases in the percentage progressive motility, straight line velocity and
      curvilinear velocity. The amplitude of lateral head displacement was also
      depressed by 300 and 500 mg dL-1 of ethanol. A significant decrease in the number
      of spermatozoa with normal morphology and an increase in irreversible tail
      defects were observed after exposure to 300 mg dL-1 ethanol. When alcohol is
      added directly to sperm, at concentrations equivalent to those in serum after
      moderate and heavy drinking, damaging effects are observed in both sperm motility
      and morphology.

PMID- 9949889
TI  - Laser-assisted cryopreservation of single human spermatozoa in cell-free zona
      pellucida.
AB  - Improved procedure for efficient cryopreservation of single human spermatozoa in
      cell-free human zona pellucida is reported. We used a diode laser system for
      efficient and precise creation of a single hole into the zona pellucida of a
      degenerated or immature human oocyte. This allowed the extraction of the
      cytoplasm using a micropipette with a diameter of 10-15 microns. Through the same
      opening, human spermatozoa were inserted into the empty zona. We used motile and
      laser immobilized spermatozoa. Immobilized sperm were obtained by a single laser
      irradiation delivered in the vicinity of the sperm tail prior to insertion. This
      new immobilization procedure was shown to have no deleterious effect on membrane
      integrity and sperm viability. Following sperm transfer into the zona, the laser
      drilled hole was closed with an oil droplet which was expelled from the
      micropipette during withdrawal to avoid loss of spermatozoa. This facilitated
      detection of the otherwise translucent zona during the cryopreservation
      procedure. After thawing, all cryopreserved zonae (20/20) could be successfully
      retrieved. Spermatozoa were recovered from the zona pellucida through the hole
      used for insertion. The rate of sperm recovery for initially motile spermatozoa
      was 80% vs. 92% for laser immobilized spermatozoa. Sperm viability was 81% and
      84%, respectively, detected by a Hoechst stain. This technique makes
      cryopreservation of single human spermatozoa easy and feasible and appears
      beneficial for couples with severe male infertility and for those facing repeated
      surgical sperm extraction.

PMID- 9949890
TI  - Conception rate after treatment of male idiopathic infertility with pure human
      follicle stimulating hormone.

PMID- 9949891
TI  - [Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide].
AB  - Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been originally
      isolated from the sheep hypothalamus on the basis of its ability to stimulate
      cAMP formation in anterior pituitary cells. Post-translational processing of the
      PACAP precursor generates two biologically active molecular forms, PACAP38 and
      PACAP27, and a novel peptide called PACAP-related peptide whose activity remains
      unknown. The primary structure of PACAP has been remarkably conserved during
      evolution, from protochordates to mammals, suggesting that the peptide exerts
      important activities throughout the vertebrate phylum. The sequence of PACAP27
      exhibits substantial similarities with those of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
      (VIP), glucagon and secretin. The gene encoding the PACAP precursor is widely
      expressed in the brain and in various peripheral organs, notably in endocrine
      glands, the gastro-intestinal and uro-genital tracts and the respiratory system.
      In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that PACAP exerts multiple activities as
      a hormone, neurohormone, neurotransmitter or trophic factor. For instance, PACAP
      triggers the release of insulin and glucagon, activates steroidogenesis in the
      adrenal gland and gonads, and stimulates the secretion of most hypophysial cells.
      PACAP exerts a potent relaxant activity on smooth muscle fibers in blood vessels,
      lung and gut. In the brain, PACAP stimulates the electrical activity of various
      populations of neurons and increases tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression. Recent
      studies have shown that PACAP exerts a trophic activity during ontogenesis,
      notably in the adrenal medulla and in the central nervous system. The biological
      effects of PACAP are mediated through three distinct receptor subtypes which
      exhibit differential affinities for PACAP and VIP. The PAC1 receptor, which shows
      high selectivity for PACAP, is coupled to several transduction systems. In
      contrast, VPAC1 and VPAC2, which bind with the same affinity PACAP and VIP, are
      mainly coupled to the adenylyl cyclase pathway. The bronchodilatator and
      vasorelaxant effects of PACAP, as well as the antiproliferative and
      neuroprotective actions of the peptide, make it a valuable target for new drug
      development.

PMID- 9949892
TI  - [Treatment of diabetes insipidus with Minirin. Switch from nasal to oral
      administration].
AB  - DDAVP (desmopressin, Minirin is now available in tablet form. We studied the
      switch from nasal to oral administration in patients taking DDAVP for diabetes
      insipidis. A retrospective analysis included 56 patients. Mean nasal dosage was
      found to be 20.4 micrograms desmopressin and mean oral dosage was 417 micrograms.
      This gave a dosage ratio of about 20, in agreement with current data on the
      drug's bioavailability. In addition, the daily dose was fractioned more often
      with oral administration than with nasal administration. This study prepares the
      way for a prospective study needed to better define the conditions for oral
      administration of DDAVP (Minirin).

PMID- 9949894
TI  - [Delayed puberty (in a boy)].

PMID- 9949893
TI  - [Biological and clinical safety of nomegestrol acetate administered alone then
      associated in inverse sequence with transdermal 17 beta estradiol, in women at
      risk of dyslipoproteinemia type IIa].
AB  - In this study including 26 patients with dyslipoproteinemia classified IIa, we
      evaluated biochemical and clinical safety of Nomegestrol acetate (Lutenyl) used
      for its antigonadotrophin property. It was administered alone, during 3 cycles at
      the dose of 5 mg/d for 21 days by cycle and then it was associated (at the same
      sequence and dose), without any wash out, for the next 6 cycles, with a 17 beta
      estradiol patch (Estraderm TTS 50), 50 micrograms/d from the 11th to the 21st day
      of each cycle. Nomegestrol acetate, alone, had no significant effect on glycemia,
      antithrombin III, triglycerides, total cholesterol, apoprotein A1, and LpA1
      values compared to those at baseline but apoprotein B and Lp (a) values tended to
      decrease slightly. Serum progesterone levels were collapsed, and FSH values were
      low. Weight and blood pressure remained constant. Adding 17 beta estradiol
      enabled to significantly decrease and normalize the apoprotein B values after the
      first 3 cycles compared to the baseline values, then these values remained
      constant during the next 3 cycles. There was no effect on the other parameters
      (except for a significant increase in plasmatic estradiol values) on the
      antigonadotrophin property of Nomegestrol acetate, nor on weight and blood
      pressure which remained constant. Moreover, we observed an important decrease in
      the rate of amenorrheic cycles compared to those with Nomegestrol acetate alone.

PMID- 9949895
TI  - [Acromegaly: retrospective study of 104 patients].

PMID- 9949896
TI  - [A comparative study of the evolution of atherosclerosis in men over a 25-year
      period in 11 European and Asiatic cities].
AB  - Repeated epidemiologic study of atherosclerosis in males on the basis of autopsy
      material with 25-year interval (1963-66 and 1985-89) has been performed in 7
      European cities (Malmo, Praha, Riga, Tallinn, Tartu, Kharkov, Yalta) and 4 Asia
      cities (Ashkhabad, Bishkek, Irkutsk, Yakutsk). Accelerated development of
      atherosclerosis in the 2nd study has been revealed in males in the majority of
      cities except Malmo and Praha. No significant differences in atherosclerosis of
      aorta and coronary arteries were found in these two cities. An increase of the
      calcinosis surface in the coronary arteries combined with a higher incidence of
      coronary stenosis was typical for the 2nd study. Atherosclerosis was less
      pronounced in the indigenous population of Ashkhabad, Bishkek and Yakutsk in both
      studied than in non-indigenous populations. There was a positive correlation in
      males between lethality of coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular
      diseases and the degree of coronary atherosclerosis. Thus, the course of
      atherosclerosis can change within the life of one generation.

PMID- 9949897
TI  - [The role of hyperplasia of the arterial intima in human atherogenesis].
AB  - Arteries predisposed and resistant to atherosclerosis development were studied.
      Arteries predisposed to atherosclerosis show a high degree of intima hyperplasia
      and various alterations of elastic structures. Hyperplasia of the vascular intima
      followed by disturbance of plasma perfusion through the arterial wall and
      increase of its cellularity (lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages) determines
      possibility of atherosclerosis development (crucial factor of atherosclerosis
      pathogenesis) in man. Accumulation of lipids in the intima occurs not only in
      pronounced disturbances of lipid metabolism but at its "normal" indices as well
      this resulting in atherosclerosis development in all members of the population.

PMID- 9949898
TI  - [The morphology of the myocardium in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome].
AB  - Myocardium of the right atrium from 5 patients with the above syndrome was
      studied at the light and EM level. Apoptotic degeneration of myocytes was
      demonstrated for the first time. The alterations observed may be secondary and
      due mainly to microcirculatory disturbances produced by tachyarrhythmia which
      appear during the excitation waves circulation. Metabolic changes and
      ischemization of myocytes may trigger the program of cell death (apoptosis) this
      aggravating the myocardium state and producing widespread fibrosis. These changes
      may serve a cause of lethal arrhythmia and sudden death of patients.

PMID- 9949899
TI  - [Destructive changes in the mitochondria of human cardiomyocytes in alcoholic
      heart lesion].
AB  - Destructive changes in cardiomyocyte mitochondria of patients with diagnosis of
      alcoholic heart lesion were observed by the ultrastructural analysis of the
      endocardial biopsies serial sections. The appearance of mitochondria with the
      third additional compartment and mitochondria having two zones of different
      electron density not separated into the special compartments are described for
      the first time. The development of megamitochondria having different morphology
      is demonstrated. Mitochondrial origin of lipophuscin granules is suggested on the
      basis of the ultrastructural changes. Unusual structure of atypical mitochondria
      may provide new properties of these organelles this being considered by the
      authors as an adaptive cell and mitochondria response to the new metabolic
      conditions.

PMID- 9949900
TI  - [A quantitative analysis of the ultrastructures of the blood polymorphonuclear
      neutrophils in patients with ischemic heart disease after a session of
      intravenous laser therapy].
AB  - Circulating neutrophilic granulocytes before and after laser therapy were studied
      in 10 patients with ischemic heart disease and 5 healthy persons. The patients
      had severe cytoplasm vacuolization, specific granules number increase, a decrease
      in thickness of the submembranous actin layer and decrease of surface = volume
      ratio. Neutrophils indices in patients with ischemic heart disease become closer
      to those in donor cells after blood irradiation with a helium-neon laser. The
      results indicate a normalizing effect of helium-neon laser irradiation on the
      mechanisms of non-specific reactivity in some forms of ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 9949901
TI  - [The status of the heart and coronary artery bed in experimental subclavian
      pulmonary anastomosis and after its removal].
AB  - Subclavian-pulmonary anastomosis was made in 33 young dog. In 15 dogs anastomosis
      was ligated and they were sacrificed 1 year after the surgery. The anastomosis
      was shown to result in the adaptive and pathologic restructurization of the heart
      and its vascular bed. The former consists of the myocardial hypertrophy, coronary
      arteries hyperplasia and hypertrophic-hyperplastic alterations of their walls
      muscles. The latter manifested with angio- and cardiosclerosis. Anastomosis
      elimination initiates the process of reversibility of alterations that appeared
      earlier.

PMID- 9949902
TI  - [The importance of a new classification of chronic glomerulonephritis for
      determining the prognosis of the disease].
AB  - Dependence of chronic glomerulonephritis upon its clinical type was studied on
      the basis of observation in 165 patients of chronic renal failure incidence
      during 7 years after the beginning of the disease.

PMID- 9949903
TI  - [The pathomorphology of the kidneys in the fetuses of mothers suffering from late
      gestosis, type-1 diabetes mellitus and chronic glomerulonephritis].
AB  - Fetal kidneys from mothers with late gestosis, diabetes mellitus-1 and chronic
      glomerulonephritis were studied. There were features of the maturation slowing
      down and some disturbances in differentiation of rental tissue were revealed.
      Local degenerative, membranous, proliferative and fibroplastic changes with
      formation of immune complexes including IgM and C3-complement in late gestosis,
      IgA, G, C3-complement fractions IgG, M, C3-complement fraction and traces of
      membranous and proliferative alteration were observed in chronic
      glomerulonephritis, they were less frequent in diabetes mellitus in mothers, and
      not so often in late gestosis. Activation of collagen production of types I, III,
      IV and V was most commonly observed in diabetes mellitus, in chronic
      glomerulonephritis and late gestosis, it being more rare.

PMID- 9949904
TI  - [An evaluation of the degree of the morphological activity and the stage of the
      process in patients with chronic liver diseases caused by coinfection with the
      hepatitis B, C and/or D viruses].
AB  - In order to determine the differences in histological grade of activity and the
      stage of fibrosis in patients with chronic liver diseases due to multiple
      hepatitis virus infection and single infection of HBV and HCV we assessed the 68
      liver biopsies samples according to Knodell and Scheuer scoring systems.
      Retrospectively, 216 liver biopsies reports from consecutive patients with
      chronic viral hepatitis were analysed. Histological activity index (HAI) in
      HBV/HCV coinfection was higher than in a single HCV infection; it did not differ
      in groups of HBV/HBC and HBV. The difference was due to the interface hepatitis;
      lobular activity and portal inflammation were the same. In HDV superinfection HAI
      was high due to both portal-periportal and lobular hepatitis. HAI depended mainly
      upon the presence of HBV replication; in patients with chronic hepatitis C with
      HBV-DNA HAI was also higher than in single HCV group. No difference in HAI
      between triple and dual hepatitis virus infection was found. In patients with
      HBV/HCV coinfection and especially with HDV superinfection the advanced stages
      occurred more than often than in patients with single infections.

PMID- 9949905
TI  - [An immunohistochemical study of the expression of the epithelial antigen Ber-EP4
      and other tissue-specific antigens in primary and metastatic brain tumors].
AB  - The expression of the Ber-EP4 epithelial antigen is shown to be a valuable
      criterion for differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic brain tumors. An
      important role for immunological typing of brain tumors belongs to verification
      of the acid glial fibrillar protein, synaptophysin, vimentine, common leucocytic
      antigen and melanoma HMB-45 antigen. The use of the above antibodies spectrum is
      most valid both for differential diagnosis of metastatic and primary brain tumors
      and for specification of histogenetic origin of different poorly differentiated
      intracranial tumors.

PMID- 9949906
TI  - [An ultrastructural analysis of the postmortem changes in the sinoauricular area
      of the canine heart].
AB  - The EM study of all tissues and myocyte components in the sinus node (SN) and
      adjacent working myocardium of the right atrium was performed in normal dogs and
      in dogs 1, 2, and 3 hours after death. A quantitative evaluation of the myocyte
      density, connective tissue components, vessels and nerve fibers in the SN and
      working myocardium of this region was performed. Destructive changes having
      mosaic appearance were observed in the conducting and working myocytes,
      myelinated and non-myelinated, nerve fibers, in vessels and partly in components
      of connective tissue of both SN and working myocardium. Possible mechanism of
      development of the ultrastructural pathology in the sinoauricular region of the
      heart during autolysis are discussed.

PMID- 9949907
TI  - [Malignant lymphoproliferative lesions of the trachea].
AB  - Detailed review of literature and analysis of 4 authors's cases of the trachea
      non-Hodgkin lymphoma and lymphogranulomatosis are presented.

PMID- 9949908
TI  - [A comparative density gradient analysis of the smooth myocytes of different
      internal organs].
AB  - Method of the bronchi and colon smooth myocytes dissociation in living rats with
      separation of cell fraction in the density gradient is worked out. Precise
      parameters of relative density of the bronchi and colon muscle cells are
      established. Smooth myocytes being a part of different organ-systems are shown to
      be characterized by different parameters of relative density.

PMID- 9949909
TI  - [The founder of a clinico-experimental direction in pathology A. B. Fokht (1848
      1930): on the 150th anniversary of his birth].

PMID- 9949910
TI  - [Atherogenesis and the acute-phase reaction of the liver].
AB  - Data from literature are given on the role of "acute phase" proteins in
      inflammation and their connection with lipoproteins. Intensive production of
      acute phase proteins is shown to take place in modelling of experimental
      atherosclerosis. The hypothesis is proposed that allows to consider the acute
      phase reaction of the liver as a very important condition of modified
      lipoproteins formation acquiring autoantigenic properties.

PMID- 9949911
TI  - Historical aspects of complementary medicine.

PMID- 9949912
TI  - Acupuncture in dermatology.

PMID- 9949913
TI  - Aromatherapy in dermatology.

PMID- 9949914
TI  - Bioclimatology and balneology in dermatology: a Dead Sea perspective.

PMID- 9949915
TI  - High mountain climatotherapy.

PMID- 9949916
TI  - Biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral methods, hypnosis: "alternative psychotherapy"?

PMID- 9949917
TI  - Biofeedback in dermatology.

PMID- 9949919
TI  - Hypnosis in dermatology.

PMID- 9949918
TI  - Cognitive-behavioral techniques.

PMID- 9949920
TI  - [Approach of psychology to health].

PMID- 9949921
TI  - [Iatrogenic psychopathology and cancerology].

PMID- 9949922
TI  - [Bearing witness. "To pretend"].

PMID- 9949923
TI  - [Psychological aspects of cancer in the child].

PMID- 9949924
TI  - [Diagnostic disclosure. Psychological impact and practical aspects].

PMID- 9949925
TI  - [Measure of negative life events before onset of cancer].

PMID- 9949926
TI  - [The case of Colette D. 59 years of age, representative, 2 children, and without
      any medical problem until....].

PMID- 9949927
TI  - [Listening to the moment or the communication is lost].

PMID- 9949928
TI  - [Images and representations of cancer].

PMID- 9949929
TI  - [Cancer and depression: epidemiologic aspects].

PMID- 9949930
TI  - [Anxiety, depression, cancer: clinical aspects].

PMID- 9949931
TI  - [Depression and cancer: therapeutic aspects].

PMID- 9949932
TI  - [Interaction of psychological and social factors in the care of AIDS virus
      carriers].
AB  - This clinical study of social issues focuses on the interaction of psychological
      with social factors that affect the behavior toward the care in AIDS. This first
      part of the research concerns the nurses' representations and the nurses'
      unconscious suffering in work. The analysis of twenty interviews and twenty five
      days of observation in an hospital shows that: the work environment is created,
      partly based on individual psychological problems and interactions of their
      representation of care with the organizational necessities; the principal nurses'
      representation of care concerns an idealization of a good familial world they
      have not themselves; their interpersonal familial disturbances are compensated
      for their work investment; however, these familial idealisations of care hide
      their work suffering and patients have to adapt to the nurses' representation
      otherwise they will be thrown back.

PMID- 9949933
TI  - [Consent: between legality and legitimacy or between "formal" and "informed"
      consent].
AB  - As shown by a recent decree of the supreme court, the legal aspect of information
      given before consent is more and more important. At beginning, the written
      consent was reserved to particular cases, as biomedical research for example. It
      concerns now all the fields of care, since it is considered as a proof of the
      existence of a prior information. The informed consent changes in a formal
      consent: the consequence is a modification of the relation between the physician
      and the patient. We may imagine that this evolution paradoxically results in a
      worse integration of subjectivity. Then, it seems necessary to stress the
      clinical aspect so as to give to the consent concept its legitimity back: it
      consists in an ethical and humanistic acknowledgement of alterity.

PMID- 9949934
TI  - [Psychiatric hospitalizations after the June 27 1990 Law in a French department].
AB  - The law, edicted on the 27th june 1990, has introduced in France the without
      consent hospitalization, to replace the law of 30th june 1838 which was composed
      of confinements or psychiatric placings. On of the both new types of a without
      consent admission, called "by a third person request" hospitalization (HDT)
      containing a procedure called "usual" and another one called "situation
      emergency", appeared to us more and more used in our practice, particularly the
      "situation emergency" HDT. Therefore we compared on three periods, one before the
      law, the two others ones 3 and 6 years after it, the different types of
      psychiatric admissions in all of the seven psychiatric sectors of a french
      department. All the hospitalization's forms increase with the chronologic time in
      Cote d'Or. We notice too in this department an important increase of the HDT, but
      especially in the "situation emergency" ones, and this, with a statistically
      revealing way compared to the other types of admission. If this phenomena wasn't
      purely localized, which only the departmental commissions of psychiatric
      hospitalization, created by the 1990's law, can reveal by proceeding to an
      expected assessment of the law consequences, the legislator should fastly take
      this evolution into account.

PMID- 9949935
TI  - [Multicenter trials in the treatment of depression: some methodological issues].
AB  - In recent year, multicenter psychopharmacological trials have met an increasing
      interest since through them it has become easier, in a relatively short time, to
      collect large samples of patients. Methodological problems common to all
      psychopharmacological trials may be sharpened in this kind of investigation.
      Others, that are specifically related to multicenter studies, may also arise.
      Methodological difficulties addressed in this paper are those related to patients
      selection procedure, to strategies for data analysis and to issues about design
      or management of the study. Strictly speaking, the results of a such a trial
      could only be generalised to patients exhibiting the characteristics of the
      studied sample. Moreover, before pooling the data obtained at each center,
      preliminary analyses should demonstrate that centers do not differentiate
      themselves on the basis of patient characteristics. The new drug has to be
      compared to both a placebo and a reference compound. In this way, and through the
      replication of the expected difference between the placebo and the reference
      drug, the methodological validity of the trial could be ascertained. The
      treatment with a placebo is warranted by the facts that illness natural course
      and non specific treatment effects have to be taken into account. Satisfactory
      levels of inter-rater reliability have to be achieved and maintained through
      training sessions with the participation of all the centers involved in the
      trial. Statistical analyses generally focus on the intent to treat sample.
      However, due to the delayed activity of antidepressant drugs, efficacy analyses
      could be limited to patients treated at least 14 days. Multivariate analysis of
      variance is particularly well suited for data analysis but can be invalidated by
      an excess of dropouts. To overcome this problem, other techniques such as
      survival analysis and random regression models have been proposed. This latter
      procedure seems to be particularly promising for analysing data of multicenter
      trials since it can assess treatment difference while adjusting for inter-center
      variability.

PMID- 9949936
TI  - [Depression scales in schizophrenia: a critical review].
AB  - Depressive syndromes frequently occur during the evolution of schizophrenia. The
      evaluation of depression in schizophrenic patients is difficult because of an
      overlap between depressive, negative and extrapyramidal symptoms. The scales
      usually employed to evaluate depression have not been validated in schizophrenic
      populations, therefore, some authors developed specific depression scales for
      schizophrenics. In this work, we present the available data about the metrologic
      and psychometric properties of the Hamilton (HDRS), Montgomery Asberg (MADRS) and
      Widlocher (ERD) depression scales in schizophrenic populations. We further
      present the validation works of the Psychotic Depression Scale (PDS) and the
      Calgary Depression Scale (CDSS). Non specific depression scales are
      unsatisfactory, since negative and extrapyramidal symptoms overlap with
      depressive symptoms. The ERD allows a distinction of the three symptom groups,
      when motor, ideic and subjective subscores are used. The two specific scales
      actually distinguish depression with a minimal level of contamination.
      Nevertheless, the factorial structure of the PDS comprises several non depressive
      factors that are of questionable interest. The CDSS is a well documented and
      validated tool, with an unidimensional structure, a good internal consistency, a
      high inter-rater reliability, and good external validity and specificity.

PMID- 9949937
TI  - [Further clinical evaluations elicited by functional biological investigations in
      childhood autism].
AB  - As childhood autism is usually considered as a developmental disorder, complete
      assessment of each patient requires non only clinical examination but various
      biological investigations: EEG and evoked potentials recordings, biochemical
      dosages and sometimes, cerebral blood flow measures, molecular biologic
      explorations.... These investigations help to understand neurophysiological
      dysfunctionings which underly different autistic syndromes. It therefore seems
      necessary to develop quantified clinical tools which could allow closer matching
      between clinical evaluations and biological numerical data. These complementary
      evaluations must be both simple and quick to perform in medical practice, as they
      are added to an already heavy clinical examination. The main tools used in our
      bioclinical Department are described here. For each child, psychiatric, pediatric
      and neurological examination was performed. Different scales were progressively
      elaborated and validated to complete and precise behavioral parameters. Attention
      and perception were evaluated by a Behavior Summarized Evaluation (BSE) scale,
      association and imitation by appropriate scales, language by the Pre-Verbal
      Behavior Summarized Evaluation (PV-BSE) scale, early symptoms by the Infant
      Behavior Summarized Evaluation (t-BSE) scale. The main neurophysiological
      dysfunctionings were grouped in a Behavioral Functional Inventory (BFI). Clinical
      genetic data were scored in a summarized assessment carrying both on the
      antecedents and on the somatic abnormalities. The completed clinical data were
      gathered in a Quantified Multidimensional Assessment (QMA), with four axes:
      socialization, communication, cognition and neurological observation. These
      clinical evaluations provide behavioral details that can be integrated into a
      bioclinical database and give an objective approach to the heterogeneity of
      autism. They invite both clinicians and biologists to deepen the description of
      individual profiles which allow better understanding of physiopathological
      mechanisms in autistic children.

PMID- 9949939
TI  - [Stress and anxiety: what are they?].
AB  - Although anxiety and stress were two distinguished concepts, they were used
      confusedly by medical and psychological talks. Whereas anxiety is currently a
      well-known psychopathological notion, stress remains blurred and unclear. The aim
      of the study was of course to exhibit the relationships between stress and
      anxiety, but also to show by which mechanisms anxiety would have a role in the
      stress-response modulation. Three groups of subjects, paired in age and sex, were
      compared: 28 paid controls (13 male) aged 37 +/- 12 years, 25 subjects (12 male)
      aged 38 +/- 8 who consulted in a framework of CITES Prevert (clinic of stress)
      but without mental disorders, and 28 subjects (13 male) aged 37 +/- 12, out
      patients suffering from anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorders
      according to DSM IV). All of subjects were drug free when examined. They were
      submitted to auto-evaluation psychological tests: Amiel-Lebigre life events,
      Spielberger anxiety trait and state, Plutchik and Van Praag depression and
      finally Chapman anhedonia. After that, two ERPs were recorded, the P300 by using
      the classical "Oddball experimental paradigm" in auditive modality and the
      Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) by using a reaction time task with warning
      stimulus. A close relationships between stress and anxiety could be an evidence
      as showed by the positive correlations between life events and psychological data
      (anxiety and depression). In addition, the results displayed correlations between
      anxiety trait and CNV reaction time (positive correlation) and early P300 (P3a)
      component amplitude (negative correlation). This could support the hypothesis
      according to the anxiety would disturb the behavior (slow motor response) and the
      cognitive processes (attentional changes), and therefore would have a role in the
      stress-response modulation. Nevertheless, anxiety trait were not correlated to
      the late P300 component (P3b) amplitude, thus to controlled attention processes.
      Moreover P3b amplitude were reduced exclusively in subjects who suffered from
      anxiety disorders. This could mean that anxiety trait would not be solely
      involved in cognitive changes. Pathological states, as anxiety disorders, could
      involve another logic of the mental functioning. These results will be discussed
      according to the cognitive psychology and psychophysiology knowledges.

PMID- 9949938
TI  - [Basic cognitive-perceptive module in schizophrenics].
AB  - A specific deficit in gaze discrimination has been hypothesized for schizophrenic
      patients (Rosse et al., 1994). Gaze discrimination is a basic ability for animals
      as well as for human beings. It plays an important role in mutual control of
      social interactions. According to Baron-Cohen (1995), sensitivity to eye gaze
      relies on a specific cognitive module, the Eye Direction Detector (EDD). The
      author distinguishes three basic functions of the EDD; first, the EDD is involved
      in eyes detection; second, the EDD is used in order to establish direction of
      gaze, and specially to compute whether the eyes one is looking at are directed to
      the subject or somewhere else; third, the EDD is implied in interpretation of
      gaze as seeing. Rosse et al. (1994) tested subjective impressions concerning gaze
      discrimination in a group of schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenics reported the
      subjective impression of being looked at by the portraits significantly more
      often than controls. The authors concluded that a specific impairment in gaze
      detection is present in the patients, and that it may be responsible for the
      paranoid symptoms often reported in schizophrenia. However, it seems difficult to
      assert that a response bias in schizophrenics toward perceiving faces as looking
      at them results from the deficit of an elementary perceptual module responsible
      for the detection of eye-direction. Rather we suspect such a bias to be the
      consequence of an impairment of the more complex level of mindreading,
      responsible for the interpretation of gaze as seeing in terms of mental states.
      The aim of the present experiment was to test in a more specific way the
      elementary gaze discrimination system. A series of portraits of models looking at
      five different directions (-30 degrees, -15 degrees, 0 degree, 15 degrees, 30
      degrees), have been presented to 22 schizophrenic patients and 36 normal control
      subjects. In each trial one portrait was presented. Subjects were asked to
      determine the direction of its gaze by pressing the "z-key" (left side of the
      keyboard) if the portrait was looking to the left, and the "/-key" (right side of
      the keyboard) if the portrait was looking to the right. For each trial, we
      recorded both the side of the response (left key or right key) and the
      corresponding reaction time (RT). For the purpose of the analysis, the mean
      numbers of left responses were computed for each subject. The mean numbers of
      left responses recorded for each direction of gaze did not significantly differ
      between patients and controls. That is schizophrenic patients are not impaired in
      the gaze discrimination task used in the present study. In Rosse's experiment,
      subjects were required to decide whether the portrait on the screen was looking
      at them or not. On the contrary, in our task, subjects were simply required to
      state whether gaze was directed to the right or to the left. No explicit judgment
      was required as to whom or what gaze was directed. Therefore, we can assume that
      the present paradigm investigated the functioning of a more basic process than
      that tested by Rosse et al. Our data are consistent with those reporting that
      basic cognitive processes are unimpaired in schizophrenia, whereas explicit
      processes are extensively affected.

PMID- 9949940
TI  - [Treatment of adjustment disorder with anxiety: efficacy and tolerance of
      etifoxine in a double-blind controlled study].
AB  - Adjustment disorder with anxiety is defined as a clinically significant anxiety
      that occurs within 3 months after the onset of an identifiable psychological
      stressor. Recent studies indicate that this disorder is not uncommon and must be
      quickly identified and treated. However, few therapeutic trials have been done in
      relation with this disorder. According to the criteria set by DSM IV, 170
      patients with a primary diagnosis of adjustment disorder with anxiety have been
      enrolled in a double blind multicenter controlled trial. Patients were treated
      for 4 weeks with etifoxine (150-200 mg/d), or buspirone (15-20 mg/d). Also both
      etifoxine and buspirone show clinical efficacy and safety, the two treatments are
      not equivalent. The global improvement score and the efficacy index are
      significantly improved in the etifoxine group. These results show the interest of
      using etifoxine in the treatment of adjustment disorder with anxiety and should
      be confirmed by further studies.

PMID- 9949941
TI  - [Pharmacological approach to failures of antidepressant treatment].
AB  - Depression, a chronic disease and a leading cause of disability worldwide, will
      generate increasing needs in terms of public health in the coming years. Many
      antidepressants are now available. However, these molecules present real
      limitations and disadvantages. Thus there are great expectations on the part of
      the clinicians for more efficient drugs that are better tolerated. How can we
      satisfy such hopes and innovate in this domain today? One original and most
      promising strategy for developing new antidepressants that are more efficient and
      better tolerated involves antagonizing both alpha 2-noradrenergic and 5HT2 and
      5HT3 serotonergic receptors, without blocking 5HT1A serotonergic receptors. The
      technology now available in pharmacological research allows the development of
      such molecules.

PMID- 9949942
TI  - [Risperidone-induced tardive dystonia: a case of torticollis].
AB  - Tardive dystonia is one of the most serious adverse events of typical neuroleptic
      treatments. They differ from tardive dyskinesia by their clinical and evolutive
      features. The occurrence of tardive dystonia due to new antipsychotics remained
      unknown. For the first time in the literature, we report a case of typical
      tardive dystonia occurring in a young male schizophrenic patient treated for 8
      months with risperidone. No remission was observed despite several therapeutics
      including botulinic toxin.

PMID- 9949943
TI  - Differential expression of MHC class II genes in lung tumour cell lines.
AB  - Molecular characterization of HLA class II expression was investigated in five
      lung tumour cell lines at the protein and mRNA levels. The cell lines exhibited a
      differential expression of HLA-DR, HLA-DP and HLA-DQ products and also showed
      differences in the inducibility of HLA class II genes by gamma-IFN. Gamma-IFN
      stimulation induced only HLA-DR expression to varying degrees in three cell
      lines, while only one cell line showed stimulation for HLA-DP and none for HLA-DQ
      antigens. These results suggest locus-specific regulation for the three loci. The
      presence of DR protein on the cell-surface membrane was always positively
      correlated with the presence of HLA-DR mRNA in the cells. After treatment with 5
      azacytidine in the A549 cell line, which expressed the lowest values, there was
      no effect on HLA class II levels. This suggested that methylation does not play
      an important role in the lack of MHC class II antigen expression. In addition to
      studying mRNA levels of HLA class II antigens, we analysed mRNA of the proto
      oncogene c-myc and observed a positive correlation of two mRNA: the increments in
      HLA-DR expression were associated with increments in c-myc expression. This
      suggests a relationship between the regulatory and HLA-DR antigens control the
      expression of c-myc and HLA-DR antigens in lung tumour cell lines.

PMID- 9949944
TI  - Functional characterization and exon 2-intron 2-exon 3 gene sequence of HLA
      B*2712 as found in a British family.
AB  - The HLA-B*27 group of alleles has been extensively studied due to the association
      of particular B*27 alleles with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We describe here an
      HLA-B*27 allele (B*2712) encoding an antigen that lacks reactivity with B27
      monoclonal antibodies (moabs) and alloantisera but reacts with some B40/B60 moabs
      and alloantisera and expresses the Bw6 public epitope. This allele was discovered
      by the segregation of an HLA-B allele undetectable by PCR-SSP within a Caucasian
      family from the British population referred for routine bone marrow transplant
      HLA typing and found in the haplotype A*29; B*2712; Cw*1203; DRB1*13; DQB1*0603.
      Serological typing showed a lack of reactivity with four B27 moabs and four
      alloantisera but positive reactivity with moabs and alloantisera specific for
      B40/B60 and Bw6 public epitopes. Subsequent sequencing showed the closest
      homology was with B*2708 with three mismatches in exon 2 at positions 204, 209
      and 210. The intron 2 sequence was identical with other B*27 lineage alleles
      including a 2 base pair deletion at positions 95 and 96. The relationship between
      HLA-B*2712 and reported B60 associations with susceptibility to AS remains to be
      determined.

PMID- 9949945
TI  - Tumour necrosis factor beta gene polymorphisms in myasthenia gravis.
AB  - Genetic analyses indicate that genes within the major histocompatibility complex
      (MHC) can be involved in susceptibility to autoimmune disease. To investigate the
      role of the tumour necrosis factor beta (TNFB) gene in myasthenia gravis (MG)
      susceptibility, we analysed an NcoI polymorphism within the TNFB gene in 63 MG
      patients and 93 healthy individuals. When patients were subdivided according to
      thymic pathology, we found differences between MG patients with thymic
      hyperplasia and thymoma versus controls. In MG patients with thymic hyperplasia
      we found a positive association with the TNFB*1 allele [Relative risk (RR): 2.6;
      P < 0.001] and phenotype (RR: 1.8; P < 0.005) and a negative association with the
      TNFB*2/2 genotype (RR: 0.2; P < 0.001) when compared to the controls. On the
      other hand, in MG patients with thymoma we found a positive association with the
      TNFB*2/2 genotype (RR: 5.6; P < 0.01) and a negative association with the TNFB*1
      allele (RR: 0.3; P < 0.05) and *1/2 genotype (RR: 0.2; P < 0.01). These data
      suggest that the two different forms of MG can have different pathogenesis and
      that the TNFB gene could influence susceptibility to MG.

PMID- 9949946
TI  - Description of two Mhc-C-related sequences in the New World monkey Saguinus
      oedipus.
AB  - Two new Mhc class I partial exon 1, intron 1, exon 2, intron 2 and partial exon 3
      DNA sequences from the New World monkey Saguinus oedipus (Saoe) are described.
      These two sequences show certain Mhc-C sequence-specific changes. The only
      difference between these two new sequences is a productive substitution at
      position 152 [GCG (Ala)-->GAG (Glu)]. This change occurs in a position which in
      Mhc classical class I molecules affects the interaction between the peptide and
      the T-cell receptor. A dendrogram with Mhc sequences from different loci and
      different species was constructed, which clearly shows that these two new
      sequences cluster closer to Mhc-C sequences than to others. These data suggest
      that the new sequences may be related to the Mhc-C locus, and they have been
      named Mhc-Saoe-CR*01 and -CR*02. However, they share only a few of the conserved
      residues (from gorilla to human) of Mhc-C sequences, which suggests that the
      relationships with an ancestor of the Mhc-C lineage are very distant or that
      these two sequences are products of convergent evolution to perform a C locus
      related function. Furthermore, in the fragment of DNA sequenced, there is a loss
      of two invariant residues conserved in antigen-presenting molecules from reptiles
      to humans; thus, it is unlikely that these two Mhc-C-like sequences have an
      antigen-presenting function, or even that they are two alleles of a pseudogene;
      however, the G + C percentage (86.1%) at the third base of codons approaches that
      of an expressed gene in Saoe. It is concluded that Mhc molecules with C-locus
      characteristics existed in primates 50 million years ago and that this does not
      support a more recent origin of Mhc-C genes.

PMID- 9949947
TI  - Two novel biallelic polymorphisms in the IL-2 gene.
AB  - We have detected two novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-2 gene, at
      positions -330 and +166 relative to the transcription start site. The +166 change
      occurs within the leader peptide and does not affect amino acid sequence. The 
      330 polymorphism has two common alleles, making it an ideal marker for genetic
      association studies.

PMID- 9949948
TI  - The murine Cd48 gene: allelic polymorphism in the IgV-like region.
AB  - The murine CD48 molecule is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily which
      regulates the activation of T lymphocytes. prior cloning experiments using mRNA
      from two different mouse strains had yielded discrepant sequences within the IgV
      like domain of murine CD48. To resolve this issue, we have directly sequenced
      genomic DNA of 10 laboratory strains and two inbred strains of wild origin. The
      results of our analysis reveal an allelic polymorphism within the IgV-like domain
      of murine CD48.

PMID- 9949949
TI  - Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update August 1998.

PMID- 9949950
TI  - Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update September 1998.

PMID- 9949951
TI  - The rotavirus vaccine.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Rotavirus gastroenteritis is an important cause of morbidity and
      mortality worldwide. OBJECTIVES: To review the biology, immunology, and virology
      of rotavirus infections and describe the efforts towards the construction of
      vaccines using human and animal rotaviruses. STUDY DESIGN: A review of the
      literature and provision of the author's understanding and speculation of
      vaccination of infants against rotavirus disease. RESULTS: In August 1998 the
      Food and Drug Administration in the United States approved the licensure of a
      rotavirus vaccine. Both the Advisory Committee of Immunization Practices and the
      American Academy of Pediatrics are likely to recommend that the vaccine be given
      to all children by mouth as a series of three doses at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.
      The vaccine is made by combining a simian rotavirus strain (RRV) with several
      human strains representing different rotavirus serotypes. An understanding of the
      biology, immunology, and virology of rotavirus will help to explain the strengths
      and limitations of the rotavirus vaccine. CONCLUSION: If used as recommended, the
      rotavirus vaccine should cause a significant decrease in the number of deaths,
      hospitalizations, and office visits of children infected with rotavirus.

PMID- 9949952
TI  - Comparative evaluation of the use of immunoblots and of IgG avidity assays as
      confirmatory tests for the diagnosis of acute EBV infections.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of several different markers for Epstein-
      Barr virus (EBV) serology, the EBV status of some patients cannot be resolved
      from a single serum sample with routine testing. To avoid the requirement of
      follow-up samples, supplementary tests have to be used in these cases. OBJECTIVE:
      To evaluate the usefulness of avidity and immunoblot assays as supplementary
      tests for the diagnosis of acute EBV infections. STUDY DESIGN: Three groups of
      samples for which a definite diagnosis on the EBV status could not be obtained
      with the routine serological tests were further examined by an EBV IgG avidity
      assay, by an immunoblot based on a lysate of EBV infected cells, and by a second
      immunoblot based on recombinant EBV antigens. The three groups consisted of 38
      samples with negative/borderline EB nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) antibodies,
      negative/borderline EBV IgM and positive EBV IgG; 10 samples with indeterminate
      EBNA-1 and/or EBV IgM assays because of control antigen reactions; and 4 samples
      with positive EBV IgM results that were not plausible. RESULTS: The avidity assay
      differentiated between acute and past infections for all samples. In contrast,
      some cases remained unresolved with both the recombinant and the lysate
      immunoblot. Two samples were incorrectly classified with the lysate immunoblot.
      Interpretation of the lysate immunoblot banding patterns was complicated when
      anticellular antibodies were present. CONCLUSION: Avidity testing appears to be
      the confirmatory method of choice to differentiate between acute and past EBV
      infections.

PMID- 9949953
TI  - Distribution of CD4+ T-lymphocytes levels in patients with clinical symptoms of
      AIDS in three west African countries.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To study the CD4 T-lymphocyte distribution in patients with clinical
      signs suggestive of AIDS in West Africa. DESIGN AND METHODS: Selected patients
      had clinical AIDS, according to the WHO clinical definition of AIDS in Africa.
      Serum samples were tested for the presence of HIV antibodies with two different
      enzyme immunoassays (EIA), and whole blood was used to determine the CD4
      lymphocyte levels of each patient, using the TRAx CD4 Test Kit. RESULTS: In
      patients with AIDS, the mean CD4+ cell level was 466/microliter; 34% of patients
      had less than 200/microliter and 62.1% less than 400/microliter. In patients with
      clinical AIDS but without HIV antibodies, the mean CD4+ cell level was
      807/microliter; with 4% below 200/microliter and 14.7% below 400/microliter. The
      optimal CD4+ cell cut-off between the two groups of patients (with and without
      antibody to HIV) was 400/microliter. CONCLUSIONS: The mean CD4 cell levels of
      AIDS patients was more than twice the 200 CD4+ cells/microliter which, alone or
      associated with clinical criteria is used to differentiate HIV seropositive
      patients with and without AIDS. A cut-off of 400 T-lymphocyte equivalents per
      microlitre (TLE/microliter) will be more appropriate. Only 4% of the anti-HIV
      negative patients had < 200 CD4 TLE/microliter, and could be infected with
      unknown immunodeficiency viruses.

PMID- 9949954
TI  - Lack of evidence for an association between TTV infection and severe liver
      disease.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In 1997 a new human virus, TTV, was identified. The clinical
      significance of the TTV infection, however, remains unknown. OBJECTIVE:
      Establishment of the prevalence of TTV DNA in different population groups in
      Germany and the assessment of the possible clinical significance of TTV
      infection. STUDY DESIGN: Detection of the TTV DNA by PCR in blood donors,
      patients with end-stage liver disease, and multiple transfused patients with
      haemotological disorders. RESULTS: TTV DNA was detected in 16 of 122 (13.1%)
      volunteer blood donors, in 34 of 77 (44.2%) patients with end-stage liver
      disease, and in 21 of 38 (55.3%) multiple transfused patients. There was no
      difference in the prevalence of the TTV DNA in end-stage liver disease patients
      with regard to sex, age, presence of HCV and HBV infection markers, and etiology
      of liver disease. Phylogenetic analysis of the amplified DNA fragments from 12
      randomly selected TTV infected subjects demonstrated that in Germany at least two
      putative TTV genotypes and four subtypes are circulating. CONCLUSIONS: (i) TTV is
      widely spread in German population; (ii) one of the possible ways of its
      transmission is blood transfusion; (iii) TTV infection most probably does not
      generally lead to the development of the end-stage liver disease.

PMID- 9949955
TI  - Amplicor HIV monitor, NASBA HIV-1 RNA QT and quantiplex HIV RNA version 2.0 viral
      load assays: a Canadian evaluation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: HIV-1 viral load quantitation is now recognized as a useful tool to
      monitor the efficiency of antiviral treatment and a powerful predictor of disease
      outcome. Three HIV-1 viral load quantitation methods have been currently
      available as commercial kits in Canada since 1996. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the
      ability to quantify HIV-1 RNA in plasma of the Amplicor HIV Monitor Test, the
      NASBA HIV-1 RNA QT Assay and the Quantiplex HIV RNA Assay, version 2.0, at
      comparable lower detection limits. STUDY DESIGN: Blood was collected from 50 HIV
      1-infected patients at various stages of infection and therapy. CD4+ cell count
      were estimated by flow cytometry. Plasma was isolated and tested in duplicate on
      four occasions using viral load kits from a single lot. HIV RNA data,
      performance, sensitivity and intra- and inter-assay variability were compared.
      RESULTS: RNA could be quantified in 33 patients by each technique. An inverse
      correlation was observed between viral load level and CD4+ cell counts in
      patients with counts below 200. Monitor could detect RNA in 94% of patients, but
      it showed the greatest variability and failure rate. Quantiplex 2.0 could detect
      HIV-1 RNA in 78%, and NASBA in 88% of the patients at theoretically equivalent
      lower detection limits, suggesting that the detection limit of Quantiplex 2.0 may
      be higher than 500 HIV-1 RNA copies per ml. NASBA had the fewest invalid tests
      and good reproducibility, comparable to that of Quantiplex 2.0. The mean values
      from NASBA and Monitor were the most similar but the best correlation was
      observed between Monitor and Quantiplex 2.0 results. CONCLUSIONS: Monitor, NASBA
      and Quantiplex results were comparable, although those obtained by Quantiplex
      were significantly lower. Performing this study at comparable detection limits
      showed that the detection limit of Quantiplex 2.0 may be higher than stated by
      the manufacturer.

PMID- 9949956
TI  - Isoelectricfocusing and reverse blotting as a diagnostic tool in pediatric HIV
      infection.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of perinatally acquired HIV-infection is based on
      either direct HIV detection--by means of viral culture and/or PCR--or anti-HIV
      antibody detection. However, due to the passive, transplacental passage of
      maternal immunoglobulin G, antibody detection is nor reliable until 15-18 months
      of age. In this regard, clonotypic analysis of specific antibodies performed by
      isoelectricfocusing and reverse blotting (IEF-RB) can be very helpful, as it
      recognizes possibly different patterns between mother and infant. OBJECTIVES: We
      used IEF-RB in order to analyze the kinetics of development of anti-HIV
      antibodies in infants born to seropositive mothers. STUDY DESIGN: Sera from ten
      mother/infant pairs (all mothers were HIV-infected) were retrospectively analyzed
      in order to detect different patterns, between mother and infant, in anti-gp120
      V3-loop clonotype. RESULTS: We diagnosed the real HIV status of the examined
      infants no later than month 6 and in one case as early as month 2. CONCLUSIONS:
      Considering the small size of sample number, these data are preliminary and
      should be confirmed by larger scale studies. However, they show IEF-RB, when
      applied to infants born to seropositive mothers, may be useful in evaluating the
      infants' dynamics of anti-HIV humoral immune response.

PMID- 9949957
TI  - Microbiological aspects of clinical waste.
AB  - It is a requirement that hospitals and other areas that generate clinical waste
      must comply with good practice and legislation regarding its disposal. To meet
      the stringent European emission standards enforced in October 1995, there is a
      need to find an alternative to local incineration for dealing with clinical
      waste. The options included technologies such as gasification, steam
      sterilization or heat disinfection which can be used to process certain
      categories of clinical waste prior to landfill--all have advantages and
      disadvantages. Segregation of clinical and domestic wastes in healthcare settings
      is important to avoid accidents and litigation and to contain costs. Evidence
      that most clinical waste (other than perhaps waste from patients with certain
      infections and sharps) is a significant hazard to the public is lacking. More
      still needs to be done in the area of clinical waste management to assess the
      real risks and hazards of this waste.

PMID- 9949958
TI  - Is infection control an academic study?
AB  - This editorial aims to answer the question of whether infection control is an
      academic specialty. By considering the consequences of a lack of infection
      control in terms of patient morbidity and mortality and hence cost, it is easy to
      establish the importance of the area. Infection control embraces not only
      developing policies for preventing the physical spread of a micro-organism but
      also prophylactic therapy such as vaccination and therapeutic measures such as
      antibiotics. Infection control not only applies to localized infection in
      hospital due to antibiotic resistant microbes but also to the community. Bacteria
      such as Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae and the viruses hepatitis B,
      hepatitis C, human lymphotropic virus type 1, Epstein-Barr viruses and human
      papilloma virus have been implicated in diseases not previously thought to have
      an infectious origin. Coping with these problems is clearly an academic area.

PMID- 9949960
TI  - An outbreak of Bacillus cereus respiratory tract infections on a neonatal unit
      due to contaminated ventilator circuits.
AB  - An outbreak of Bacillus cereus respiratory tract infections affecting six
      ventilated preterm neonates over a two-week period is described. Reusable
      ventilator circuits were identified as the cause of the outbreak. Ordinarily
      these were reprocessed on the Neonatal Unit (NNU), first through a washing
      machine and then through a low-temperature steam (LTS) disinfector. The onset of
      the outbreak coincided with a breakdown of the LTS facility, which necessitated
      sending the washed circuits off site for LTS disinfection. The washing machine
      was shown to be contaminated with the same serovars of B. cereus as those
      isolated from patients. Two critical steps in the off site LTS disinfection
      process allowed exsporulation and multiplication of B. cereus: the circuits were
      inadequately dried after processing, whilst return of the moist circuits to the
      NNU was often delayed. The outbreak was terminated by withdrawal of the heat
      disinfected ventilator circuits. This outbreak emphasizes the need for high
      standards where medical equipment is reprocessed, especially for use in
      vulnerable patients.

PMID- 9949959
TI  - Repeated multi-centre prevalence surveys of hospital-acquired infection in Greek
      hospitals. CICNet. Cretan Infection Control Network.
AB  - Three prevalence studies for the estimation of hospital-acquired infections
      (HAIs) were carried out in eight Greek hospitals on an annual basis during the
      years 1994-1996. The overall prevalence of HAI was 6.8, 5.5 and 5.9% for the
      three years, respectively. Among these, urinary tract infections ranged from 22.4
      to 38.2%, lower respiratory tract infections ranged from 21.1 to 32.6%, surgical
      site infections ranged from 14.6 to 22.7% and bloodstream infections ranged from
      9.0 to 13.2%. The prevalence of antibiotic usage among the hospitalized patients
      was found to be 49.3% in 1994, 47.3% in 1995 and 52.7% in 1996. Unjustified
      prescription of prophylactic usage was found to be the major component of these
      high percentages. Appropriate use of antibiotics for prophylaxis is one of the
      priorities of the current infection control programmes. The development of a
      nationwide network for the surveillance of HAIs in Greece is planned using the
      experience gained.

PMID- 9949961
TI  - Contaminated lithium heparin bottles as a source of pseudobacteraemia due to
      Pseudomonas fluorescens.
AB  - Pseudobacteraemia might be responsible for up to 50% of all positive blood
      cultures and its early recognition is important in order to avoid unnecessary
      treatment with antibiotics and delay in the search for the true cause of the
      fever. We describe pseudobacteraemia outbreak of Pseudomonas fluorescens related
      to contaminated lithium heparin bottles in a paediatric ward. Twelve patients
      were involved in this outbreak from December 1996-January 1997. All patients had
      no clinical evidence of sepsis, nevertheless most children were treated with
      antibiotics. Blood collection bottles were suspected as source of
      pseudobacteraemia and only lithium heparin bottles were found to be contaminated
      with P. fluorescences indistinguishable from the blood isolates taken from these
      children. Withdrawal of these bottles led to the termination of the
      pseudobacteraemia. Following discussion with the manufacturer, the contaminated
      batch of lithium heparin bottles was sent back for testing, and replaced with
      bottles containing dried lithium heparin. A hazard report was sent to the Medical
      Devices Agency (MDA). In order to minimize the possibility of this problem
      occurring again, the manufacturer has informed MDA that all lithium heparin
      solution is to be filtered to 0.2 micron prior to issue, in order to minimize
      bacterial contamination. Continued monitoring after the pseudobacteraemia showed
      no isolates of P. fluorescens from the blood of paediatric patients.

PMID- 9949962
TI  - Improved recognition of MRSA case clusters by the application of molecular
      subtyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasingly common in
      hospital and community populations, making the recognition of true nosocomial
      outbreaks more difficult. We have used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)
      with Sma I digestion to analyse retrospectively two perceived outbreaks of
      epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 15 (EMRSA 15) colonization.
      The first cluster of cases in patients and staff on a general ward (ward D)
      revealed three different antibiograms based on differences in ciprofloxacin and
      rifampicin sensitivities. All isolates typed using PFGE, which was more
      discriminatory than phage-typing. One PFGE banding profile labelled type 5 was
      predominant, but 12 isolates proved to be subtypes of type 5 and two were PFGE
      type 11. Four staff members carried a strain not found in patients, three carried
      strains found in patients and transient carriage was highlighted as a problem
      when screening staff. PFGE enhanced the epidemiological data and proved that the
      cases on this ward did not comprise one large outbreak but numerous sporadic
      cases and smaller clusters. In contrast, isolates from a second cluster of cases
      which occurred on ward F were indistinguishable using antibiograms, phage-typing
      and PFGE, confirming this was more likely to be a true outbreak of colonization.
      We conclude that PFGE usefully augments epidemiological information and allows
      more logical infection control decisions to be made, with better utilization of
      scarce resources.

PMID- 9949963
TI  - An MRSA outbreak in a urology ward and its association with Nd:YAG coagulation
      laser treatment of the prostate.
AB  - An outbreak of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) involving 88
      patients in a general urology ward is described. Symptomatic bacteraemia and
      epididymo-orchitis occurred in 10 and 8% of patients respectively. Patients had a
      particularly high risk of acquiring serious MRSA infection after endoscopic
      neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser treatment of the prostate.
      Appreciation of the mode of transmission of MRSA, a programme of continuing
      education for all medical and nursing staff, simple changes in ward protocol and
      advances in surgical laser technique contributed to the control of the outbreak.

PMID- 9949964
TI  - An in-vitro evaluation of the activity of chlorine against environmental and
      nosocomial isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila.
AB  - A chlorine preparation was tested against 34 strains of Aeromonas hydrophila
      isolated from a hospital water facility and patients with nosocomial infections
      in a French medical school hospital. In-vitro bactericidal activity was
      determined by a macro- and micromethod, using specific interfering substances
      over a range of dilutions and temperatures, after 1 and 5 minute exposure times.
      A 10(5)-fold reduction in the challenge inoculum was taken as the criterion of
      efficacy. Results obtained by both methods agreed and indicated a median minimal
      bacterial concentration of chlorine of from 0.95 ppm without interfering
      substances to 297 ppm in the presence of interfering substances. These data
      indicate that Aeromonas hydrophila isolates are relatively resistant to chlorine,
      thus precluding the use of chlorine alone as a disinfectant for water supplies
      contaminated with Aeromonas spp.

PMID- 9949965
TI  - Inactivation of feline calicivirus, a Norwalk virus surrogate.
AB  - Norwalk and Norwalk virus-like particles (NVLPs) [also known as small round
      structured viruses (SRSVs)] are members of the family Caliciviridae and are
      important causes of gastroenteritis in humans. Little is known about their
      survival in the environment or the disinfection procedures necessary to remove
      them from contaminated settings. As NVLPs cannot be grown in tissue culture,
      survival studies require the use of a closely related cultivable virus. This
      study assesses the survival of the surrogate feline calicivirus (FCV) after
      exposure to commercially available disinfectants and a range of environmental
      conditions. Disinfectants tested included glutaraldehyde, iodine, hypochlorite, a
      quaternary ammonium-based product, an anionic detergent and ethanol. Complete
      inactivation of FCV required exposure to 1000 ppm freshly reconstituted granular
      hypochlorite, or 5000 ppm pre-reconstituted hypochlorite solution. Glutaraldehyde
      and the iodine-based product effectively inactivated FCV whereas the quaternary
      ammonium product, detergent and ethanol failed to completely inactivate the
      virus. The stability of FCV in suspension and in a dried state was assessed after
      exposure to 4 degrees C, room temperature (20 degrees C) and 37 degrees C. With
      increasing temperature, the stability of FCV was found to diminish both in
      suspension and in the dried state. FCV in the dried state did not survive for one
      day at 37 degrees C. This study provides a basis for establishing guidelines for
      disinfection protocols to decrease the spread of NVLPs in a community setting.

PMID- 9949966
TI  - Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of a new super-oxidized water, Sterilox,
      for the disinfection of endoscopes.
AB  - The antimicrobial activity of a new super-oxidized water, Sterilox, has been
      tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare,
      Mycobacterium chelonae, Escherichia coli (including type O157), Enterococcus
      faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis var niger spores, methicillin
      resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, poliovirus type 2 and human
      immunodeficiency virus HIV-1. Under clean conditions, freshly generated Sterilox
      was found to be highly active against all these micro-organisms giving a 5 log10
      (99.999%) or greater reduction in two minutes or less.

PMID- 9949968
TI  - Revised guidelines for the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
      infection in hospitals.

PMID- 9949969
TI  - Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of methicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus in Ibadan, Nigeria.

PMID- 9949970
TI  - Decreased consumption of antimicrobial drugs after implementation of a new
      antibiotic policy in 1990.

PMID- 9949967
TI  - A hospital outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella
      pneumoniae.

PMID- 9949971
TI  - Weight loss is often a problem in late PD.

PMID- 9949972
TI  - External ventriculostomy devices EVDs.

PMID- 9949973
TI  - Building a support group for parents of children with brain tumors.
AB  - When parents are faced with the possibility of death or disability from their
      child's brain tumor, it manifests as a daily crisis. Some seek comfort and
      reassurance in sharing similar experiences within a support group. These groups
      have much to offer people who derive support from group interaction. Pediatric
      neuroscience nurses are in a unique position to coordinate and facilitate the
      development of a support group for parents of children with brain tumors.
      Although the literature identifies many reasons people join support groups,
      little has been explored among parents of children with a life-threatening
      illness. The literature stresses that the success of a group is in knowing why
      people attend groups and the ability to address the group's needs.

PMID- 9949975
TI  - Home care by and for relatives of MS patients.
AB  - Relatives and family members are the core of the care provided in the home. This
      also applies to relatives of multiple sclerosis (MS), patients who are dependent
      on assistance by others. If we want to keep the system of home care going, nurses
      must keep these care-providing relatives on their feet. We can only do this if we
      give timely support to these relatives in carrying out their care task and the
      problems that may arise from it. Once the relatives are overburdened, help is too
      late. Thus, prevention is an important task for home care nurses. It is crucial
      that the support the nurses offer fits the specific chemistry of MS patients and
      their relatives; their efforts will therefore be substantial.

PMID- 9949974
TI  - A case of rapid deterioration: acute multiple sclerosis of the Marburg type.
AB  - Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive, degenerative, autoimmune
      disease that usually follows a relapsing-remitting course. In most cases of MS,
      the clinical course is variable with the vast majority of patients having mild to
      moderate disabilities that develop over the course of years. A subset of acute
      forms of MS exist and may be relatively unknown to neuroscience nurses. The acute
      forms follow a virulent course and are associated with high morbidity and
      mortality. A case presentation of a patient with the Marburg variant of MS raises
      the neuroscience nurse's understanding of the challenges associated with caring
      for patients with this unusual form of MS.

PMID- 9949976
TI  - Investigational neuroprotective drugs in traumatic brain injury.
AB  - Primary neuronal injury due to acute traumatic brain-injury may cause significant
      damage to the CNS. However, impaired cognitive and behavioral function also
      occurs following secondary neuronal injury. Neuroprotective agents should be
      administered soon after the acute event to prevent this secondary phase. NMDA
      receptor antagonists, free radical scavengers and bradykinin antagonists are
      designed to protect the neuron from the damaging effects of mediators. Calcium
      channel blocking agents and drugs promoting anaerobic glycolysis are designed to
      stop the intracellular processes causing ischemia. The standard treatment options
      for patients with brain injuries are limited. Thus, the possibility exists for
      poor outcomes. At this time, since there are no approved neuroprotective drugs
      available, experimental treatment offers a chance for improved outcomes.

PMID- 9949977
TI  - Getting the right tool for the job.
AB  - In summary, getting the right tool for the job requires several steps prior to
      using the tool in an anticipated study. Finding obtaining and evaluating the tool
      are all critical to a successful use of the tool in the study. If any of these
      factors are not followed, the researcher could be ethically or legally in
      trouble. Most tool developers want their tools to be used. It is up to the
      researchers to ensure that credit is given where credit is due, and that due
      process is followed.

PMID- 9949978
TI  - [Current role of x-ray technology in medical introscopy].
AB  - The current role of X-ray equipment in medical introscopy is considered in the
      context of answers to the following questions: Why are there so many types of
      imaging? Does each unit of radiation diagnosis need they all? Which is the
      comparative clinical value of different methods of introscopy and what part is
      assigned to the routine X-ray equipment at present? Now the traditional X-ray
      equipment is shown to be transforming into the digital systems of X-ray imaging;
      however, progress in this branch is associated with the limited use of X-ray in
      some diagnostic fields.

PMID- 9949979
TI  - [Portable microfocal radiographic devices for medical diagnosis].
AB  - The paper outlines two portable microfocal X-ray medical diagnostic devices which
      have a designing principle in common. The basic features of the devices are as
      follows: a thin long fight-path tube at whose end there is a massive or shooting
      target, a three-electrode electron gun, a private-line tungsten loop-shaped
      cathode, and a magnetic focusing system.

PMID- 9949980
TI  - [Surgical radiographic devices RTS-812 series].
AB  - Surgical PTC-612 X-ray apparatuses are considered, their comparative
      characteristics and features are presented.

PMID- 9949981
TI  - [Intensifiers of radiographic image with digital output].
AB  - The comparative parameters and characteristics of X-ray image intensifiers made
      by some Russian and foreign firms are given. It is noted that the 612 X-ray
      apparatus (Russia) are not inferior to its foreign analogues and they may be used
      for the equipping of rotating holding tables of all modifications, made both in
      Russia and foreign countries.

PMID- 9949982
TI  - [Renex-fluoro device for digital fluorography].
AB  - The paper deals with the introduction of computer technologies into X-ray
      equipment. It gives data on various digital hardware components for digital
      fluorography, characterizes the digital fluorographs made in Russia. A new
      approach to designing a digital fluorograph is proposed by changing mechanical
      scanning via the use of a special fluorographic chamber having a supersensitive
      matrix photodetector. This approach has been applied in designing a Renex-fluoro
      apparatus.

PMID- 9949983
TI  - [X-ray image detectors in stomatology].
AB  - The paper analyzes the technical level of the intraoral tooth films made in
      Russia and foreign countries, the potentialities of use of screen-amplifying film
      sets for periapical survey.

PMID- 9949985
TI  - [X-ray diagnostic complexes Medix-R and Telemedix-R with digital image
      recording].
AB  - The paper outlines X-ray diagnostic sets made in Russia, whose modular principle
      allows one to choose the optimum price and quality delivery at different
      financing levels. The sets are equipped with up-to-date high-frequency X-ray
      image generators and intensifiers with a charge communication device-matrix as a
      television signal transducer.

PMID- 9949984
TI  - [Choice of the optimum intersection point for beam radiation axis in the planning
      of radiotherapy].
AB  - A method has been developed to search for the optimum radiation regimen including
      the optimum radiation directions, the optimum duration of exposure, and the
      optimum point (center) of intersection of the central axes of radiation bundles.
      To solve the goal of determining the optimum radiation regimen for central lung
      cancer has indicated that variations in the intersection center of radiation
      bundles improves the radiation regimen. The optimum position of the intersection
      center of radiation bundles may greatly differ from the routine choice of the
      center. To standardize the optimum radiations in central lung cancer, it is
      necessary to solve special extreme tasks that minimize the numbers of the optimum
      radiation directions, which thus allows the main (structural) radiation
      directions to be identified.

PMID- 9949986
TI  - [Characteristics of dosimetric tests of x-ray diagnostic equipment].
AB  - Some aspects of dosimetric tests in roentgenology are considered by taking into
      account the requirements developed by the IEC and ISO.

PMID- 9949988
TI  - [Substantiation of the choice of technical means in reduction of implementation
      costs of the project "Full automation of a central municipal hospital"].
AB  - A way of reducing the cost price of hospital automation is proposed. It is not
      necessary for it to update the whole equipment, but only a small part--the
      workstations used by programmers for their work, which support the stability of
      hospital automation; the working places of operators should be kept without
      modifications, but to allot them properties to inherit a potency and modernity of
      the purchased equipment; for this purpose they should be equipped with virtual
      machines copying properties of workstations being arrange in accordance with the
      pyramidal structure. A UNIX which represents a multi-user, multitask operational
      operative system providing an access on several pseudoterminals is simultaneously
      installed on the PENTIUM 100/133 workstation. A graphic terminal of the AMR
      "UnTerminal" firm (USA) is proposed for use as working places. Their advantage is
      that they have a special adapter connected directly to the bus of PC extension.
      Each user is allotted a video adapter, a keyboard controller, sequential and
      parallel interfaces for connection of the printer and manipulator. Each working
      place supports multitasking and it can be equipped with a printer, a "mouse" or
      modem. The image is transmitted on work places with a very high velocity-77
      mehabits/sec that supports not only a text mode, but also VGA or SVGA graphics.
      Certainly, graphic terminals are more expensive than text terminals, but their
      capacities are similar to those of the main computer, here, the workstation. They
      may be located from the main computer at a distance of up to 75 meters or more
      and do not require adjustment during their installation.

PMID- 9949987
TI  - [An orthogonal model of operative adjustment control of intraocular pressure
      parameters].
AB  - This paper presents the algorithm developed by the authors for operative
      adjustment of parameters of an orthogonal model of intraocular pressure control.

PMID- 9949990
TI  - [Photo laboratory equipment for outfitting x-ray photo laboratory].
AB  - The paper presents the equipment of the up-to-date photo laboratory set developed
      and delivered by the closed joint stock company "Roentgen-Komplekt" jointly with
      the closed joint stock company "Amico" (Russia). Devices for manual development
      of X-ray films, drying cabinets, negatoscopes, a lantern, developing frames, a
      laboratory assistant's X-ray table, etc. are described.

PMID- 9949989
TI  - [Detoxication and disinfection by sodium hypochlorite].
AB  - Sodium hypochlorite electrochemically derived from aqueous sodium chloride
      solutions is the most convenient and physiological source of active oxygen. It is
      not toxic, easily excreted, has low molecular weight, small sizes, which allows
      it to readily penetrate through the cellular membranes and hence can oxidize
      toxins that are present not only in blood, but also in tissues, which is of great
      clinical practical value. The high reactivity and nonspecificity of sodium
      hypochlorite open ample scope for its wide medical applications.

PMID- 9949991
TI  - [Problems of technologic re-equipment of X-ray diagnostic services in the Russian
      Federation].
AB  - The paper presents the data that characterize the engineering re-equipping of
      therapeutical- and-prophylactic institutions with various-purpose X-ray
      diagnostic apparatuses in the Russian Federation. It is concluded that there is a
      need for and a possibility of re-equipping Russia's X-ray diagnostic service by
      using latest home developments. It is shown that the diagnostic properties of
      equipment with the minimum expenditures can be enhanced provided that the main
      elements of the X-ray image formation pathway, which are enlisted in the paper,
      are primarily replaced.

PMID- 9949992
TI  - [Evaluation of the stability of parameters of direct radiographic devices].

PMID- 9949993
TI  - [Clinical use of an instrument for measuring intraocular pressure].

PMID- 9949994
TI  - [Biomaterials in an osteo-articular environment. Report of 129 anatomoclinical
      cases].
AB  - Actually, there is a range of biomaterials which are synthetic or metallic (or
      the both). They are employed as prosthesis (biostability property) or as bone
      graft (bioresorbability property). To understand the interactions between cells
      and such materials, we studied with human bone cellular cultures the cytologycal,
      immunohistochemical, cytogenetical and ultrastructural aspects of biomaterials in
      cell cultures. This paper concerns bioceramics like Pyrost, coral, biosorb,
      oxbone and polymers like polyethylene and silicones. The aim of this work is to
      evaluate the efficiency of some biomaterials. We found that porosity is
      primordial to promote biodegradation of bone substitutes. In fact, the
      biomaterials is integrated and lead to an osteoconduction, an osteoformation and
      finally an osteoinduction. Our observations show the implant resorption and
      ossification occurring in the matrix which penetrate it.

PMID- 9949996
TI  - [THe Laumonier wax model of the ear (Collections of the Museums of the Anatomy
      Laboratory of Saints Peres, Paris)].
AB  - Authentified by the name of Laumonier (fecit), written on the zygomatic process
      of the temporal bone, a model in wax of the medial, middle and lateral ears,
      belongs to the collection of the "Musees Delmas, Orfila et Rouviere" in Paris.
      This model presents large dimensions with a great anatomical rightness. The
      entire temporal bone is represented with the upper part of the endocranial
      petrous bone removed in order to demonstrate the main elements of the internal
      ear (cochlea and semi-circular canals) and of the middle ear (malleus and incus).
      Also were represented the temporal muscle and temporal vessels, the emergency of
      right cranial nerves, the superior orbital fissura and its elements; the internal
      carotid artery and the internal jugular vein, the upper part of the sterno-cleido
      mastoidal muscle and of the styloid muscles; the middle internal part of the
      basis of the cranium with the trunk of the trigeminal nerve, the Gasser's
      ganglion with its trifurcation, the sigmoid sinus. The dimensions are greater
      than the real size: total highness: 22 cm; total length: 46.5 cm; maximal
      highness of the ear cartilage: 16.5 cm; hemicranium width: about 22 cm. Thus the
      magnification of size is 2 or 3 if calculated on the basis of the external ear
      and 3 or 4 with reference to the half width of the cranium. The sample is fixed
      by two screws on a single wood board measuring 46.5 cm on 29.2 cm with two
      supplementary boards of 2.4 cm width under the two extreme of width, with a
      thickness of 1 cm.

PMID- 9949995
TI  - Comparison of the liver and biliary duct development in man and in the rat at the
      end of the embryonic period.
AB  - Hepatic and biliary structures present during embryonic Carnegie stage 23 were
      analyzed and compared in OFA-IOPS rat and human embryos. The group of embryos was
      composed of 3 rat specimens-crown rump length (CRL) 16 mm, age 16 days 5 hours
      post coltus- and of 1 human embryo- CRL 31 mm, age 57 days PC-. The specimens
      were submitted to serial histological sections with graphic reconstruction. In
      both species, the basic architecture of liver parenchyma was established
      including parenchymal cords or plates alternating with hepatic sinusoids. Veinous
      channels were clearly defined. The intrahepatic biliary system, referred as
      ductal plates (DP) developed into the periportal connective tissue while the
      portal spaces were not yet existing. DP was recognized either as a single layered
      cuboidal structure or as a double layered one dilated to form mature tubular
      ducts. The latter layout was more frequent in the rat. Except for gallbladder
      which is never present in the rat, similarity and presence of the same hepatic
      structure in both species at the end of the embryonic period (stage 23) suggest
      that the rat is a good experimental model for liver development and will be
      useful to understand the mechanism of congenital anomalies and specially the
      involvement of ductal plates in the congenital diseases of intrahepatic bile
      ducts.

PMID- 9949997
TI  - [The origins of embryology. Epistemologic and cultural viewpoints].
AB  - Embryology is exemplar from an epistemologic point of view, due to its close
      relation with philosophy as studying an immediately accessible link in the
      process of generation. It has evolved to its present form following the
      development of the microscopical techniques at the end of the 18th century, but
      remains close to the ancient approaches of generation. The roots of modern
      Embryology are still to be found in the presocratic philosophers, and the works
      of Aristotle represent a major step in its foundation. Embryology also had a
      prominent place in the reappraisal of Aristotle's work by Albertus Magnus in the
      middle ages, following the islamic influences. This reappraisal opened the way to
      the scientific movement of the Renaissance, when Leonardo da Vinci played an
      essential role, approaching the development of the human embryo. Embryology is
      therefore linked to the major influence exerted by Aristotle on occidental
      civilization, it has then a prominent place from a cultural point of view.

PMID- 9949998
TI  - [Resistance of the the coraco-clavicular ligaments to traction: clinical
      application].
AB  - One method for treating chronic incapacitating acromioclavicular dislocation is
      to resect the external extremity of the clavicle and to stabilise the stump by
      ligamentoplastic procedures, using the coracoclavicular ligament. The purpose of
      this work was to evaluate the mechanical quality of the ligamentoplastic
      approach. Twelve fresh cadavers, average age 80 years, were studied. The samples
      taken were 24 coracoclavicular ligaments, 24 coraco-acromial ligaments, 9 tendons
      from the palmaris longus muscle and 9 iliotibial tracts. The ligaments removed
      were tested in a Instron traction machine at a speed of 10 cm/mn. The mechanical
      properties of the coracoclavicular and coraco-acromial ligaments were studied.
      For comparison, those of the tendon of the palmaris longus muscle and the
      iliotibial tract were also studied. The results show the pre-rupture resistance
      of the coraco-acromial ligament to be 50% lower than that of the trapezoid and
      conoid parts of the coracoclavicular ligaments taken together. These results
      suggest the validity of ligamentoplastic treatment using the coraco-acromial
      ligament, but that reinforcement, using a tendon from the palmaris longus muscle
      or a piece of the iliotibial tract, may also be necessary, especially for
      subjects taking part in sports or with well-developed musculature.

PMID- 9949999
TI  - Annual update of how each state stands on legislative issues affecting advanced
      nursing practice.

PMID- 9950000
TI  - HEDIS for the primary care provider: getting an "A" on the managed care report
      card.
AB  - In 1999, quality in primary care will be measured more closely than ever before.
      Quality will not only be measured--but also reported-- and reported in a form
      that consumers can use to compare health plans. A health plan's accreditation
      will depend on its performance on a series of 14 performance measures, referred
      to as the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set, Version 3.0 (HEDIS 3.0),
      which the National Committee for Quality Assurance, an organization that
      accredits health plans, has developed, quantified, refined, and publicized. This
      article introduces the primary care clinician to HEDIS quality measures and
      recommends tools clinicians can use to score well in performance evaluations.

PMID- 9950001
TI  - Effectively managing asthma in young and middle adulthood.
AB  - Revised national guidelines for managing asthma in nonpregnant young adults and
      adults stress education for self-management and include provisions for stepped
      care. These guidelines also include education on asthma pathophysiology; measures
      to control exacerbations; medications available to treat the disease; use of
      inhalers, spacers, holding chambers and self-monitoring; and peak expiratory flow
      meters. Treatment is based on frequency of exacerbations and readings from the
      peak flow meter. The stepped-care approach means aggressively treating patients
      at a higher step than current signs and symptoms may warrant, to gain rapid
      control over these signs and symptoms. The new guidelines suggest that patients
      with intermittent asthma use inhaled, short-acting bronchodilators, whereas those
      with persistent asthma should begin with daily inhaled, antiinflammatory
      medicines. Once control is maintained for weeks or months, dosages can gradually
      be reduced to the minimum effective level.

PMID- 9950002
TI  - Treating Alzheimer's disease with cholinergic drugs, Part 2.

PMID- 9950003
TI  - Overview of the 1996 Professional Liability Survey.

PMID- 9950004
TI  - The management of unexplained infertility.
AB  - Unexplained infertility is a diagnosis made by exclusion after all of the
      standard investigations have revealed no abnormality (1). The range of the
      prevalence is from 6 to 60 percent (23), depending on the diagnostic criteria.
      This article reviews the literature in the management of unexplained infertility;
      published data suggest no benefit of danazol or bromocriptine. The empirical use
      of clomiphene citrate suggests that ovarian stimulation using clomiphene citrate
      can double the spontaneous pregnancy rate (52, 58, 59). Induction of ovulation
      with human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) yields an overall pregnancy rate
      between 2 and 26 percent per cycle (68, 74). These results seem to be lower than
      those reported for in vitro fertilization (IVF) or gamete intrafallopian transfer
      (GIFT) procedures in similar patients (25-30 percent (92, 95)). Based on the
      literature, a rational treatment plan for treating infertility in couples with
      unexplained infertility includes up to four cycles of clomiphene citrate with or
      without intrauterine insemination (IUI). Superovulation with hMG and IUI or
      stimulated intrauterine insemination (SIUI) is the next step for three-cycle
      treatments and if unsuccessful, one of the variants of assisted reproductive
      techniques (ART) should be considered. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians &
      Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completion of this
      article, the reader will understand the appropriate tests and work up for
      unexplained infertility, the various treatment options for the unexplained
      infertility couple including which drugs are effective and not effective, and to
      be able to outline an appropriate treatment plan for such patients.

PMID- 9950005
TI  - Lower genital tract intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-infected women: guidelines
      for evaluation and management.
AB  - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) are both
      sexually transmitted viruses with many risk factors in common. Studies have found
      that HIV-seropositive women are at least five times as likely to be infected with
      HPV as seronegative controls. In immunocompromised HIV-seropositive women, the
      risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is almost as high as in women
      with squamous intraepithelial lesions on their Pap smear. Some studies have shown
      the false-negative rate of cervical cytology in HIV-seropositive women to be very
      high, although others have shown it to be comparable with the rate in
      seronegative controls. However, given the prevalence of CIN in this population,
      even a "normal" false-negative rate may result in many missed CIN lesions. Among
      HIV-seropositive women and especially among those who are immunocompromised, CIN
      is more likely to progress and recur after treatment. Recurrence rates may reach
      87 percent 36 months after treatment in markedly immunosuppressed women.
      Cryotherapy is especially ineffective in these patients. Vulvar condyloma and
      vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) are much more prevalent in HIV
      seropositive women and especially in those who are markedly immunosuppressed or
      who have been immunosuppressed for a prolonged period of time. It is recommended
      that all HIV-seropositive women undergo periodic evaluation at intervals no less
      than every 6 months. Immunocompromised women should be followed with cytology and
      colposcopy of the cervix and vulva, although those with normal immune systems may
      be followed with cytology alone. Because the rates of recurrence and progression
      are so high after treatment of these women, they should be followed with
      colposcopy and cytology every 6 months. New approaches to treatment need to be
      explored in this population. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians & Gynecologists,
      Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completion of this article, the
      reader will understand the association between the immune suppression of HIV and
      HPV-related diseases, be familiar with the treatment options for the HIV
      seropositive woman with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), understand the
      natural history of CIN in the patient with HIV-seropositivity, and become aware
      of the appropriate surveillance of the HIV-seropositive woman treated for CIN.

PMID- 9950006
TI  - Vasa previa: an avoidable obstetric tragedy.
AB  - Vasa previa is a rarely reported condition in which the fetal blood vessels,
      unsupported by either the umbilical cord or placental tissue, traverse the fetal
      membranes of the lower segment of the uterus below the presenting part. The
      condition has a high fetal mortality due to fetal exsanguination resulting from
      fetal vessels tearing when the membranes rupture. Despite improvements in medical
      technology, vasa previa often remains unsuspected until this fatal fetal vessel
      rupture occurs. Significant reduction in the fetal mortality from this condition
      depends on a high index of suspicion leading to antenatal diagnosis, and elective
      delivery by cesarean. We believe transvaginal ultrasound in combination with
      color Doppler is the most effective tool in the antenatal diagnosis of vasa
      previa and should be utilized in patients at risk, specifically those with
      bilobed, succenturiate-lobed, and low-lying placentas, pregnancies resulting from
      in vitro fertilization, and multiple pregnancy. Where there has been antepartum
      or intrapartum hemorrhage, especially when associated with fetal heart
      irregularities, we also recommend a test to exclude fetal blood in the vaginal
      blood. Similarly, amnioscopy before amniotomy may help to diagnose this
      condition. Cesarean delivery is the method of delivery of choice, and aggressive
      resuscitation of the affected neonate may be life saving. With a high index of
      suspicion, antenatal diagnosis using transvaginal sonography in combination with
      color Doppler, elective delivery by cesarean, and aggressive resuscitation of the
      neonate where fetal vessel rupture has occurred, the mortality from this
      complication may be considerably reduced. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians &
      Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completion of this
      article, the reader will be able to identify the risk factors and associated
      conditions for vasa previa, to identify the various clinical presentations and
      management of vasa previa, and to be aware of the diagnostic tools available to
      make the antepartum diagnosis of vasa previa.

PMID- 9950007
TI  - Ambiguities in office-related injury: the poverty of present approaches.
AB  - This is a straightforward entry into the fray over the association of upper
      extremity disorders with the modern workplace. The authors point out that
      successful intervention and prevention efforts are underway around the world,
      despite the continuing debate on theory.

PMID- 9950008
TI  - Risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders among computer users.
AB  - This investigation of current epidemiologic and ergonomic research demonstrates
      consistent relationships between certain computer-related factors and
      musculoskeletal disorders.

PMID- 9950009
TI  - Multiple nerve entrapment syndromes in office workers.
AB  - Reports of nerve compression syndromes have been increasing in frequency. The
      authors discuss evaluation, management, and surgical repair of these
      multifactorial disorders.

PMID- 9950010
TI  - The changing nature of office work: effects on repetitive strain injuries.
AB  - This historical perspective underscores that there is rarely a simple connection
      between the demands of a particular technology and the risk of occupational
      disease.

PMID- 9950011
TI  - Surveillance and the problems of assessing office-related injury.
AB  - Early reporting of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMDs) may be the key
      to a successful prevention program. Dr. Morse discusses active versus passive
      surveillance, models for estimating costs of WMDs, and psychosocial issues.

PMID- 9950012
TI  - RSI: a perspective from its birthplace.
AB  - The Australian experience is a tale of two RSIs--an endemic condition and an
      epidemic condition.

PMID- 9950013
TI  - Office technology and musculoskeletal disorders: building an ecological model.
AB  - Symptoms drive health care utilization. Therefore, health care costs are reduced
      by reducing musculoskeletal injuries through job redesign, ergonomics, or changes
      in work scheduling.

PMID- 9950014
TI  - Musculoskeletal disorders in visual display unit work: gender and work demands.
AB  - In addition to physiologic differences between men and women, differences in pain
      reporting and medical care-seeking behavior, job assignments and ergonomic
      exposures (including work in the home), and strategies for performing various
      physical tasks must be considered.

PMID- 9950015
TI  - A low-cost, effective approach to office ergonomics.
AB  - Much discomfort can be eliminated simply by adjusting lighting and work station
      components.

PMID- 9950016
TI  - Psychosocial elements in the work environment of a large call center operation.
AB  - The author investigates psychosocial factors that prevent early detection of
      injuries and the effect of late reporting on the long-term health of workers.

PMID- 9950017
TI  - Economic losses from repetitive strain injuries.
AB  - Lost employment income and inability to perform household activities can have a
      devastating impact on the individual suffering from repetitive strain injury.

PMID- 9950018
TI  - Training and retraining of office workers and musicians.
AB  - Both ergonomic and biomechanical principles must be applied to avoid and correct
      overuse syndromes. Equipment should be fitted to the user, but the user's
      interaction with the equipment should be examined, as well.

PMID- 9950020
TI  - Advanced systolic heart failure: emerging pathophysiology and current management.
AB  - Systolic heart failure leads to progressive left ventricular impairment, has a
      poor prognosis and negatively affects the patient's quality of life, especially
      when the disease advances to the point where it causes refractory symptoms.
      Ventricular remodeling, one of the consequences of advanced systolic heart
      failure, results from complex pathophysiologic mechanisms and leads to
      hemodynamic compromise, clinical deterioration and death. The nursing literature
      on heart failure has focused on neuroendocrine changes and the pharmacologic
      management in response to these changes. Little emphasis has been placed on other
      pathophysiologic mechanisms that lead to a worsening of ventricular function or
      on advances in clinical research that may influence current and future nursing
      management of the patient throughout the continuum of care. For therapy to be
      individualized, it is necessary for nurses to understand the pathophysiology of
      systolic heart failure and the importance that nursing actions have on augmenting
      medical management to alleviate symptoms and to deter the progression of the
      pathophysiologic state. Such an understanding should ultimately reduce morbidity
      and mortality and optimize quality of life.

PMID- 9950019
TI  - Effect of dressings on saphenous vein harvest incision pain, distress and
      cosmetic result.
AB  - Little research has examined the healing and pain associated with saphenous vein
      (SV) harvest incisions, and no literature has addressed the associated distress
      and cosmetic result. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dry
      sterile gauze dressings, transparent film dressings or no dressings were more
      effective in hospitalized patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft
      (CABG), in terms of minimizing leg incisional pain, minimizing the distress of a
      leg scar and improving the cosmetic appearance of the leg incision scar. Patients
      were randomized to dressing type on postoperative day (POD) 1, completed a pain
      and distress visual analogue scale (VAS) on PODs 1, 3 and 5, and a cosmetic
      result VAS upon discharge. Overall, leg incisional pain decreased over time (p <
      0.05). Females reported decreasing pain between PODs 1 and 3, while males
      reported increasing pain between PODs 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). The film-dressing group
      reported decreasing pain from PODs 1 to 3, while the no-dressing and gauze
      dressing groups reported increasing pain from PODs 1 to 3 (p < 0.05). Pain on POD
      5 was positively correlated with an unfavorable cosmetic result (r = 0.42, p <
      0.05), and distress on POD 5 was positively correlated with an unfavorable
      cosmetic result (r = 0.44, p < 0.05). The results of this study are encouraging
      and support the continued testing of dressings to minimize pain and distress, as
      well as enhancing cosmetic result.

PMID- 9950021
TI  - Fast tracking in cardiac surgery: implications for practice.
AB  - Even though economic incentives might have been the impetus for its revival, fast
      tracking offers numerous other benefits, not the least of which is improved
      patient care. However, its benefits can be realized only through specific
      perioperative management, including preoperative assessment, identification and
      selection of appropriate candidates, optimal intra- and postoperative management
      and interdisciplinary discharge planning. Through interdisciplinary
      collaboration, the maximum benefits of fast tracking can be reaped by both the
      patient and the healthcare team.

PMID- 9950022
TI  - Use of epoprostenol (Flolan) in the management of primary pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 9950023
TI  - Secondary prevention and treatment of hypercholesterolemia in women.

PMID- 9950024
TI  - Help, I am being sued!!

PMID- 9950025
TI  - Differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardia.

PMID- 9950026
TI  - A personal account of events leading to the definition of the apoptosis concept.

PMID- 9950027
TI  - Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis: an overview.

PMID- 9950028
TI  - The death receptors.

PMID- 9950030
TI  - Lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis: dual apoptotic mechanisms with overlapping
      cytoplasmic and nuclear signalling pathways.

PMID- 9950029
TI  - Lipid and glycolipid mediators in CD95-induced apoptotic signaling.

PMID- 9950031
TI  - Granule-mediated cytotoxicity.

PMID- 9950032
TI  - The cell cycle and apoptosis.

PMID- 9950033
TI  - The p53 tumor suppressor gene: structure, function and mechanism of action.

PMID- 9950034
TI  - The Bcl-2 protein family.

PMID- 9950035
TI  - Apoptosis and the proteasome.
AB  - The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is responsible for the regular turnover of a
      wide variety of proteins and is a critical regulator of many cellular processes.
      Although this pathway is abundant and ubiquitous, it is also discriminating. This
      specificity is achieved because there are multiple levels of regulation at work
      in the pathway. X-ray crystallographic data on the eukaryotic 20S proteasome
      suggest that substantial rearrangement of the alpha rings, probably mediated by
      the association of additional regulatory complexes, is required to allow access
      of substrates into the inner core of the complex. The associated complexes also
      confer a ubiquitin-dependence on the proteasome, requiring that potential
      substrates be tagged with chains of ubiquitin proteins. The presence of multiple
      ubiquitinating enzymes that favor distinct substrates provides a way for a cell
      to regulate what proteins are to be ubiquitinated. In some cases ubiquitination
      is not required, but we now know that other modifications, such as
      phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions, are also important for
      targeting proteins for degradation. Even with the existence of so many regulatory
      controls, it is difficult to imagine how one complex can perform so many tasks.
      As more information is gathered about the proteasome, we begin to understand that
      all proteasomes are not exactly the same. For example, there is strong evidence
      that proteasomes involved in antigen presentation differ in both composition and
      function from proteasomes involved in other processes. The past image of the
      proteasome as a static structure is being shed, and a new image is emerging that
      portrays the complex as dynamic and flexible, able to tailor its composition and
      function to meet a particular need. With this new image of the proteasome in
      mind, investigators are looking at the potential involvement of the proteasome in
      cell death. Inhibitor studies have demonstrated a requirement for proteasomes
      during apoptosis in noncycling and differentiated cells. Similar studies in
      cycling cells suggest that the proteasome may regulate a cell's decision to
      proliferate, differentiate, or die. It will be necessary in the future to
      supplement the peptide and lactacystin studies with work that is not inhibitor
      driven since the specificity of an inhibitor for a particular protease is always
      in question. In addition, a real understanding of how proteasomes may regulate
      this process awaits the identification of its substrates. With cell death
      investigators showing increased interest in proteasomes, it may be possible in
      the next few years to determine the precise role of the proteasome in the
      pathways that lead to the death of a cell.

PMID- 9950036
TI  - [Rapid diagnosis and susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antibiotics
      using MGIT system].
AB  - New technologies for rapid detection and drug susceptibility testing of
      mycobacteria are needed in clinical laboratories in order to attempt a rapid
      diagnosis and effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB) specially of cases
      resistant to isoniazid (H) and rifampin (RMP) (MDR-TB). A total of 218 pulmonary
      specimens from 132 HIV coinfected patients were processed and inoculated into the
      Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube system (MGIT, Becton Dickinson, MD) and on
      Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) and Stonebrink (SB) solid media. The average time for
      recovering Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) from MGIT was 18.3 days and 31.0 days
      from solid media. Of the patients 14.4% (19/132) were only diagnosed by MGIT. In
      another experiment susceptibility tests by the classical proportion method (PM)
      in L-J medium with H, RMP, streptomycin (SM), para-aminosalycilic-acid and
      ethambutol (EMB) were carried out on 120 isolates. The results were later
      compared with those obtained by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration
      (MIC) for each drug in MGIT against the above mentioned isolates. MIC results
      from MGIT method were available in an average of 5 days (3-10) and they
      correlated (correlation index 0.9974) with those of drug susceptibility obtained
      by the PM. A 4.7% (2/42) of disagreement among detecting isolates resistant to H
      and SM was found between PM and MGIT. Our results showed MGIT as a useful, safe
      and timesaving culture system, specially for detecting TB resistance. It might be
      used in clinical laboratories to improve the proper management of TB patients.

PMID- 9950037
TI  - Effect of fortification of concentrated whey on growth of Kluyveromyces sp.
AB  - The effect of fortification of concentrated whey with 0.5% inorganic nitrogen
      viz. NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3 and urea, organic nitrogen viz. tryptone, tryptose,
      peptone and yeast extract and 0.1% metal ions viz. K2HPO4, MgSO4 and FeSO4, on
      growth stimulation of Kluyveromyces marxianus subsp. marxianus NRRL Y-665, NRRL Y
      1195, NRRL Y-2415 and Kluyveromyces marxianus subsp. lactis NRRL Y-1193 were
      studied. Supplementation with 0.5% (NH4)2SO4, peptone, yeast extract or 0.1%
      K2HPO4 individually increased the biomass production by 8-20%, 17-25%, 13-14% and
      14-17%, respectively. Addition of 0.5% each of (NH4)2SO4, peptone, yeast extract
      and 0.1% K2HPO4 together is recommended to increase the biomass production by 81
      98% for commercial production of single cell protein.

PMID- 9950038
TI  - [Prevalence of Flavivirus antibodies in young voluntary recruits to military
      service in the province of Formosa, Argentina].
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate the seroprevalence to Flavivirus,
      in young people living in risk areas. We analyzed 189 human sera from 3 towns in
      the Province of Formosa. This area corresponds to the border that limits Brasil
      and Paraguay and the aim was to search for a possible introduction of Dengue and
      Yellow Fever from these countries. Serological tests such as haemagglutination
      inhibition (HI), complement fixation (CF) and neutralization (NT) were performed
      using St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), Bussuquara, Ilheus, Yellow fever and dengue 1
      and 2 viruses. No definite evidence for HI antibodies to dengue and Ilheus was
      obtained. One serum cross-reacted only with yellow fever and two sera only for
      Bussuquara by the HI test. Only one serum was confirmed to be positive for
      Bussuquara by NT test. A total of 22 sera from 189 were positive for SLE by the
      HI test and 40 were also reactive by the NT test. The seroprevalence measured by
      HI and NT antibodies was similar in the three departments studied. These results
      show that SLE virus is present in the North of Argentina with an important value
      of prevalence so that this agent could play an important role in the febrile
      infections not virologically confirmed.

PMID- 9950039
TI  - [Mucormycosis: Study of five cases found in San Juan de Dios hospital and Sor
      Maria Ludovica hospital in La Plata, Argentina].
AB  - Hospital San Juan de Dios and Sor Maria Ludovica in La Plata, between 1980 and
      1997. Mucormicosis is a frequently fatal, opportunistic fungal infection, that
      affects immunocompromised patients. The risk factors include diabetes mellitus,
      leukemia, lymphoma, burns, etc. We present three cases of cutaneous mucormicosis
      in children 3, 10 and 11 years old, who had been sent to the hospital due to
      compound fractures in a car crash; one case of pulmonary mucormicosis in an adult
      28 years old with prolonged corticotherapy and rhinocerebral mucormicosis in a
      patient 38 years old with a diagnosis of acute lymphoid leukemia.

PMID- 9950040
TI  - [Salmonella: comparison of methods for its detection in bird feed].
AB  - The Gene Trak colorimetric hybridization method (GENE TRAK Systems, 31 New York
      Avenue, Framingham, M.A.) was compared with conventional methodology proposed by
      International Commission for Microbiological Standard Foods (ICMSF) for the
      detection of Salmonella in samples of broiler feed and raw materials of vegetal
      and animal origin used in its formulation. In this study 249 samples which
      included inoculated samples and 9 uninoculated samples were studied. On 240
      uninoculated samples, 62.9% resulted free of Salmonella, 27.9% were positive for
      both methods and 9.2% were positive by Gene Trak but it couldn't be confirmed by
      conventional methodology after five determinations. This methodology is presented
      as an interesting method of screening with important advantages in comparison to
      conventional methodology: facility for processing a big number of samples with
      few material expenses, less time to get results and high sensibility.

PMID- 9950041
TI  - [Effect of cyclophosphamide in experimental histoplasmosis in the rat].
AB  - Histoplasmosis is a fungal disease caused by the dimorphous fungus Histoplasma
      capsulatum (Hc). Cyclophosphamide (Cy) was used as an immunomodulator capable of
      modifying the course of the disease, as well as of regulating the mechanisms
      involved in T-lymphocyte mediated immune response. Rats were subjected to
      intracardiac inoculation of Hc followed by a fractionated treatment with a 100
      mg/kg body weight dose of Cy on days +4, +5, +6, +7 and +11 pi. Until day 26 pi,
      treatment with Cy caused 85% mortality whereas no mortality was observed among
      animals only inoculated with Hc. On day 14 pi, the group of Hc animals showed a
      delayed hypersensitivity test (DH) of 26.60 + 13.96 as determined by the swelling
      of the leg. Conversely, DH was significantly depressed in rats inoculated with Hc
      and treated with Cy: 3.88 +/- 1.00 (p < 0.01). Colony forming units count in this
      group was 2020 CFU/g of spleen, and 24 CFU/g of spleen (p < 0.01) in controls. A
      macroscopic study of the organs revealed that the animals in the Hc+Cy group had
      spleenomegaly and lungs with granuloma and hemorrhagic spots. The controls only
      presented small lung abscesses. These findings lead to the conclusion that Cy
      causes a deterioration of cell mediated immune response which results in the
      manifestation of an acute, fatal experimental mycosis.

PMID- 9950042
TI  - Characterization of hepatitis C virus genotypes in an hemodialysis unit in
      Paysandu, Uruguay.
AB  - Hepatitis C virus types were investigated by using samples from eight sero
      reactive and PCR positive patients attending our Hemodialysis Unit en Paysandu,
      Uruguay. After HCV RNA detection by reverse transcription and polymerase chain
      reaction, HCV genotyping was carried out by a nested PCR amplification, using
      type specific primers of HCV core region. These results were confirmed using a
      method based upon reverse hybridation of amplified products by enzyme-labeled
      type-specific probes to portions of the 5' UTR region. HCV genotypes were
      assigned according to Simmonds' classification. Type 1b was found in five
      patients, type 3a was found in one and one patient was not classified. There was
      a patient who became PCR negative at the moment the genotyping was carried out.

PMID- 9950044
TI  - Epidemiology and the European Commission.

PMID- 9950043
TI  - [Growth in species of the genus Ascobolus (Pezizales-Ascomycetes)].
AB  - The kinetics of growth of eight heterothallic species of the genus Ascobolus was
      studied in liquid culture media. The results obtained showed variation among the
      species in the duration of the different phases of the growth cycle. Three groups
      can be recognized considering the extension of the exponential phase of growth.
      The stationary phase, which differs in its length, is frequently very short,
      entering quickly in the phase of death, accompanied by autolysis of the mycelium.

PMID- 9950045
TI  - Improvement of the quality and comparability of causes-of-death statistics inside
      the European Community. EUROSTAT Task Force on "causes of death statistics".
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cause-of-death statistics are widely used for comparing health
      characteristics of European Community (EC) countries. Before attempting to
      interpret between-country differences, it is essential to assess the biases
      affecting the comparability of the data. EUROSTAT decided to address globally
      this problem with the objective to improve the quality and comparability of cause
      of-death data within the EC. METHODS: The material is based on a review of
      results of international comparative cause-of-death studies and on specific
      inquiries among EC. Both cause-of-death certification and codification practices
      are analysed. Certification is studied comparing the models of death
      certificates, the type of information captured, certifiers training and querying
      practices. The different coding systems are analysed (International
      classification of diseases (ICD) in use, interpretation of the ICD rules,
      implementation of automated coding systems). RESULTS: International studies on
      comparability of certification and coding practices between countries are rare.
      These studies are based on certification of cases histories and recoding of
      samples of death certificates. Recent studies on respiratory diseases, cancers
      and diabetes outline differences that influenced on the reported level of
      mortality. The specific EUROSTAT investigation (1997) outline general
      discrepancies: models of death certificates, nature and amount of information
      entered, way to establish the diagnosis, degree of consistency of the
      certification process, autopsy practices, certifiers practices, implementation of
      ICD-10 and implementation of automated coding systems. CONCLUSION: EUROSTAT
      studies are now focused on causes of death requiring special attention for
      comparability (e.g. suicide, accidental deaths, drug and alcohol related deaths,
      unknown and ill-defined causes), on procedures to improve the homogeneity of
      certifiers training and querying practices, on the effect of the transition to
      ICD-10. The international model of death certificate recommended by the World
      Health Organization should be adopted as widely as possible. Uniform
      complementary information (e.g. surgery, pregnancy, autopsy, place of occurrence
      of accidental deaths, work accident) should also be adopted. The EUROSTAT
      investigations must result in definitions of common recommendations and
      guidelines to EC.

PMID- 9950046
TI  - [European surveillance of infectious diseases: the case of AIDS and
      tuberculosis].
AB  - In 1992, the Maastricht treaty gave specific responsibilities to the European
      Community in the field of research, information and health education. Several
      European surveillance systems for infectious diseases have been organised. The
      surveillance of AIDS was set up in 1984 after the emergence of this new disease.
      Seven western European countries participated initially. The system currently
      covers 48 of the 51 countries of the WHO European region. Based on a common case
      definition, it enables analysis of trends and comparisons which considerably
      facilitate the understanding of the epidemic and its determinants, and the
      evaluation of preventive actions. European countries have now decided to set up a
      reporting system for HIV infection. The surveillance of tuberculosis started in
      1996 in response to the reversal of trends in reported cases observed in western
      Europe and to the threat of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis epidemics. Common
      recommendations on definitions and data collection procedures facilitated its
      establishment. Most countries of the WHO European region participated in the
      first year, revealing a very heterogeneous epidemiological situation. The next
      objective is to set up a surveillance system for antituberculosis drug
      resistance. The European surveillance of AIDS and tuberculosis are examples of
      systems adapted to the specific characteristics of Europe: similarities in
      diagnostic procedures, similarities in access to treatments, and common
      requirements regarding both the exchange of information and the coordinated
      response to public health threats. They are not simply looking for a common
      denominator. They are creating a real momentum among participating countries
      towards a better quality and a higher level of pertinence of the information.

PMID- 9950047
TI  - Socio-economic inequalities in mortality. Methodological problems illustrated
      with three examples from Europe.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Studies from most European countries have been able to demonstrate
      that lower socioeconomic groups have higher risks of disease, disability and
      premature death. Uncertain is, however, whether these studies have also been able
      to estimate the precise magnitude of these inequalities, their patterns and their
      trends over time. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the extent to which
      results of descriptive studies can be biased due to problems with the data that
      are commonly available to European countries. METHODS: Three illustrations are
      presented from a project on socio-economic inequalities in premature morbidity
      and mortality in Europe. These illustrations concern three problems often
      encountered in data on social class differences in mortality among middle aged
      men: the numerator/denominator bias in cross-sectional studies (illustrated for
      France), the exclusion of economically inactive men (illustrated for 4
      countries), and the use of approximate social class schemes (illustrated for
      Sweden). RESULTS: In each illustration, inequalities in mortality among middle
      aged men could be demonstrated, but data problems appeared to bias estimates of
      the precise magnitude of inequalities in mortality, their patterns by social
      class and cause of death, and their trends over time. The bias was substantial in
      most cases. Usually, it was difficult to predict in which ways and to what extent
      inequality estimates would have been biased. CONCLUSIONS: When the aim of a study
      is to determine the precise magnitude, patterns or time trends of health
      inequalities, the results should be evaluated carefully against a number of
      potential data problems. Investments are needed, e.g. in data sources and in the
      measurement of socio-economic status, to secure that future studies can describe
      socio-economic inequalities in health in Europe in more detail and with more
      reliability.

PMID- 9950048
TI  - Health observation and health reporting in Europe.
AB  - The need and demand for comparable comprehensive health data and health
      information is growing in Europe. Many countries have intensified development of
      their health information systems and health reporting. The World Health
      Organization (WHO), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
      (OECD) and other international organizations collect health data and publish
      comparative health reports. The European Union (EU) has initiated several new
      activities to improve health statistics and to develop health monitoring.
      Sometimes they overlap with other international activities. Also, EU Agencies
      have been set up in several health related fields. EU public health programmes on
      specified health problems also monitor health. The Health Monitoring Programme
      (HMP) adopted in 1997 is intended to pave the way for permanent EU health
      monitoring. After an unfortunate delay, the first HMP decisions to fund projects
      were made in July 1998. A feasibility analysis resulting in proposals for the
      organization of EU health monitoring was carried out in 1997. Other recent
      developments in the EU are the establishment of a communicable disease network,
      and the Commission's communication on future public health policy. The Amsterdam
      Treaty attaches more importance to public health. Much work needs to be done
      before a coherent EU health monitoring system can be put in place. The current
      momentum must be used to speed up positive developments. The HMP should support
      projects which pave the way for permanent EU health monitoring and its work
      should be clearly prioritised. Also, the expertise in health monitoring and the
      ability to steer the HMP and related EU developments should be strengthened. This
      can best be done by close collaboration with experienced expert institutes from
      the Member States, and by collaboration with WHO and OECD.

PMID- 9950049
TI  - Ten years of research on asthma in Europe. The European Community Respiratory
      Health Survey.
AB  - The European Community Respiratory Health Survey was designed to provide basic
      information on the prevalence and distribution of asthma in Europe, to asses
      whether any variation noted could be explained by the distribution of atopy and
      other risk factors, and to determine the distribution of therapy for asthma. The
      project has developed a methodology for studying these factors in different
      settings and has provided a mechanism for quality control in the collection and
      analysis of the data. Initially funded to look within the European Community, it
      has been expanded to include selected areas outside Europe. The descriptive
      analyses are now almost complete, but there is still a great deal of further
      analysis to be undertaken on the relation between risk factors and atopy and
      asthma within the data set.

PMID- 9950050
TI  - [Management of risk factors after coronary heart disease in European countries].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Despite clinical and epidemiological evidence of benefits from
      sustained management of vascular risk factors following coronary heart disease,
      the implication of physicians in secondary prevention remains limited. In 1994,
      several European scientific societies published jointly guidelines for the
      prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice, ranking as the highest
      priority the reduction of risk factors in coronary patients. METHODS: The
      European Society of Cardiology launched at the same period a study on the
      prevalence and management of vascular risk factors of coronary patients in
      Europe, the EUROASPIRE project. Six months after a coronary event 3,569 patients,
      from a total population of 4,863 affected individuals recruited in hospitals of 9
      European countries, were interviewed and examined to estimate the levels and
      management of their vascular risk factors. RESULTS: At least six months after
      discharge, one patient out of five kept on smoking, one out of four was still
      obese, one out of two had high blood pressure levels and 44% total
      cholesterolemia over 5.5 mmol/L. More than 8 smoking patients out of 10 attempted
      to stop smoking and 8 obese patients out of 10 attempted to lose weight. More
      than 40% of patients, treated or not for hypertension, had systolic blood
      pressure levels over 140 mm Hg, and almost one patient out of two, treated or not
      treated for dyslipemia, a total cholesterolemia over 5.5 mmol/L. CONCLUSIONS:
      Given the high prevalence of vascular risk factors in coronary patients,
      efficient secondary prevention aiming at the reduction of the levels of these
      risk factors, may have a major impact on the decrease of morbidity and mortality
      of these patients. Thus, joined European efforts to elaborate, diffuse and
      evaluate secondary prevention strategies towards physicians and patients should
      be rapidly developed to facilitate the achievement of such benefits for coronary
      patient health.

PMID- 9950051
TI  - [Epidemiologic research and road traffic accidentology in Europe].
AB  - Every year there are 1.7 million road casualties on EU roads, of which 46,000 are
      fatal. With reference to the three main sources of information available (the
      police, the medical profession, and insurance companies), we have extracted
      epidemiological results for this important public health issue, taking into
      account the relevance of this approach in terms of its exhaustiveness and
      representativity. Finally, referring to different ad hoc etiological and
      evaluative research, we have put forward some ideas on the possible contribution
      that epidemiology could make to a better understanding of road traffic accidents.
      Given that current research is coordinated at an EU level, we have confined our
      analysis to the 15 member countries of the EU.

PMID- 9950053
TI  - [European Program for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET): a training
      epidemiologic intervention in Europe].
AB  - The European programme for interventional epidemiology training (EPIET) offers a
      two year practical training in European national institutes mandated for the
      surveillance and control of communicable diseases. The training, closely
      supervised by senior epidemiologists, allows each EPIET fellow to learn while
      serving and conducting tasks devoted to intervention epidemiologists
      (surveillance, investigation, research, aid to decision making, and communication
      with the public, the media, the health authorities and the scientific community).
      The programme is equally funded by the European Commission, the 15 member states,
      Norway and the World Health Organisation. This training, derived from the North
      American and British experiences offers a practical complement to knowledge
      acquired from European universities. EPIET fellows, their supervisors and
      colleagues from training institutes have rapidly formed a network of intervention
      epidemiologists necessary for conducting and coordinating the surveillance of
      communicable diseases in Europe.

PMID- 9950052
TI  - [Evaluation and comparison of tobacco control legislation in member states of the
      European Union].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Nowadays, tobacco use represents the main cause of avoidable deaths
      in Europe. Public health authorities have several means at their disposal to
      fight against this epidemic. For instance, legislative action can operate on the
      supply side as well as on the demand side, with the aim of reducing tobacco
      consumption in the targetted populations. METHODS: A systematic data collection
      of all legislative texts dealing with tobacco control was carried out within the
      framework of the EuroLego project. This was done, either through direct contact
      with the countries or through a systematic computer and manual search of data
      bases concerning the 15 member states of the European Union. RESULTS: At present,
      the legislative context varies widely from one country to another, whether
      regarding the number of texts adopted or the subject that is covered. Since the
      1950s, a marked increase in the number of legislative texts has been noted as
      well as a trend towards harmonization of the texts among the different member
      states. CONCLUSIONS: Several health recommendations can be put forward in the
      context of public health activities with priority to be given to the protection
      of the children and the young and to the defense of the rights of non-smokers.

PMID- 9950054
TI  - [The risk in epidemiology and in public health: risk management. 1988].

PMID- 9950055
TI  - [Long term intellectual and behavioral outcomes of children with febrile
      convulsions].

PMID- 9950056
TI  - A di-synaptic projection from the superior colliculus to the head of the caudate
      nucleus via the centromedian-parafascicular complex in the cat: an anterograde
      and retrograde labeling study.
AB  - Centromedian-parafascicular (CM-Pf) complex of the thalamus receives inputs from
      the superior colliculus (SC). The CM-Pf neurons, in turn, project to the
      neostriatum. In order to establish a circuitry that the efferent terminals of SC
      neurons make direct synaptic contacts with thalamostriatal neurons in the CM-Pf
      complex, the anterograde tracer (biocytin) was injected into the unilateral SC
      and the retrograde tracer (wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish
      peroxidase, WGA-HRP) into the ipsilateral head of the caudate nucleus of the cat.
      The anterogradely labeled SC fibers and their terminals and retrogradely labeled
      CM-Pf neuronal elements were examined under light and electron microscope. At the
      light microscopic level, biocytin-labeled terminal-like varicosities were
      observed densely in the latero-dorsal part of the CM and the dorsal part of the
      Pf lateral to the fasciculus retroflexus. These varicosities were often in close
      proximity to HRP-labeled somata and dendrites of CM-Pf neurons. Electron
      microscopic analysis revealed that the biocytin-labeled synaptic boutons
      contained mainly round synaptic vesicles and established asymmetrical synaptic
      contacts with retrogradely labeled thalamostriatal neuronal elements, including
      perikarya, and small and large dendrites. In addition, anterogradely labeled
      terminals made synaptic contacts with unlabeled somata, small and large
      dendrites, and spines as well as profiles containing synaptic vesicles. These
      vesicle-containing profiles were considered to be pre-synaptic elements
      contacting on thalamostriatal neurons or the vesicle-containing dendrites of
      local circuit neurons. These results demonstrate that the neurons of the CM-Pf
      complex of the thalamus is involved in a di-synaptic tecto-striatal circuit.

PMID- 9950058
TI  - Cloning and chromosomal mapping of the human gene of neuroglycan C (NGC), a
      neural transmembrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan with an EGF module.
AB  - Neuroglycan C (NGC) is a 150 kDa transmembrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan
      with a 120 kDa core glycoprotein that was originally isolated from the developing
      rat brain. A rabbit antiserum, raised against a recombinant polypeptide
      representing a protein of the rat NGC core protein, recognized an NGC homolog in
      homogenates of brains of various vertebrates including humans. Because of the
      possible involvement of this proteoglycan in the etiology of a human neuronal
      disease, we cloned a complete coding sequence from a human brain cDNA library
      using a rat NGC cDNA as a probe. The predicted protein contains 539 amino acids
      and shows 86% homology with the rat counterpart. The domain structure
      characteristic of rat NGC was completely conserved in human NGC, which consisted
      of an N-terminal signal sequence, a chondroitin sulfate-attachment domain, an
      acidic amino acid cluster, an EGF-like domain, a transmembrane domain and a
      cytoplasmic tail. Northern blot analysis revealed that a single transcript of 2.4
      kb was detectable in the brain, but not in other human tissues. By fluorescence
      in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, the human NGC gene was assigned to the
      chromosomal 3p21.3 band, where the Sotos syndrome has been mapped. Involvement of
      the NGC gene in the etiology of the Sotos syndrome remains to be examined.

PMID- 9950057
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of serotonin transporter in normal and
      colchicine treated rat brain.
AB  - Distribution of serotonin transporter (SET) was examined immunohistochemically in
      the rat brain using two specific polyclonal antibodies raised against
      oligopeptides corresponding with 15 amino acids of carboxyl terminus and 14 amino
      acids of amino terminus of rat SET. The distribution and density of SET
      immunoreactive varicose fibers were quite similar to those of serotonin
      immunoreactive fibers, however no neuronal cell bodies in the brainstem raphe
      nuclei was stained in normal rat brain. Electron microscopic study showed that
      SET immunoreactivity was predominantly localized in the presynaptic terminals.
      After intraventricular infusion of colchicine, neuronal perikarya of dorsal,
      median, and pontine raphe nuclei became visible. These results suggest that SET
      is likely present at the synaptic terminals of serotonergic neurons and such
      localization may be in good agreement with its pharmacological action which
      includes reuptake of serotonin at presynaptic nerve terminals.

PMID- 9950059
TI  - NMDA receptor-mediated inspiratory off-switching in pneumotaxic-disconnected
      cats.
AB  - The pneumotaxic center is thought to govern inspiratory off-switching (IOS), and
      blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by dizocilpine impairs IOS
      causing apneusis. The present study is to examine whether the NMDA receptor
      mediated IOS mechanism functions in the medullary respiratory network after
      disconnecting the pneumotaxic center. In decerebrate and vagotomized cats, the
      nucleus parabrachialis medialis (NPBM) and vagus nerves were stimulated to evoke
      IOS and a dorsal pontine transection was performed while the central respiratory
      activity was recorded in phrenic neurogram. The transection eliminated the NPBM
      stimulated IOS but not the vagally evoked IOS, and developed two types of
      respiration; eupnea in 12 and apneusis in six out of 18 cats. Apneustic
      respiration was not changed into eupneic one by changing the end-tidal CO2 level.
      In animals displaying eupnea after the transection, dizocilpine (0.3 mg/kg i.v.)
      produced apneusis, characterized by a prolonged inspiration, a shortened stage 1
      expiration and an unchanged stage 2 expiration. Dizocilpine caused no further
      change in the apneustic pattern induced by the transection. The present results
      suggest that the medullary respiratory network is able to generate a eupneic
      respiration after disconnecting the pontine pneumotaxic center, and the NMDA
      mechanism plays an important role in the medullary respiratory network.

PMID- 9950060
TI  - Comparison of the expression of two immediate early gene proteins, FosB and Fos
      in the rat preoptic area, hypothalamus and brainstem during pregnancy,
      parturition and lactation.
AB  - Medial preoptic area (MPA), supraoptic nucleus (SON), magnocellular (MaPVN) and
      parvocellular (PaPVN) paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, and mesencephalic
      lateral tegmentum (MLT) are involved in maternal behavior, parturition and
      lactation. This study investigated the FosB and Fos immunoreactivity in these
      regions of virgin, pregnant, parturient, lactating, and lactating-arrested rats.
      The patterns of FosB and Fos expression were compared between the sections taken
      from the same animals. Quantitative immunohistochemistry revealed a significant
      increase in the numbers of FosB-positive neurons in the MPA, SON, MaPVN, and MLT
      of parturient and lactating females as compared with pregnant or virgin animals.
      In lactating rats, the numbers of FosB-positive neurons in the MPA, PaPVN, and
      MLT were increased, but the numbers in the SON and MaPVN were decreased as
      compared with parturient females. Many Fos-positive neurons were also seen in
      parturient and lactating rats, and the patterns of Fos expression in each region
      were quite similar to those of FosB. Moreover, double-labeling
      immunohistochemistry revealed that: (1) many FosB-positive nuclei were observed
      in oxytocin and vasopressin neurons of the SON and PVN in parturient rats; (2)
      within FosB-positive neurons, 89.5% in the MPA, 86.8% in the MLT of parturient
      rats, and 92% in the MPA and 90.8% in the MLT of lactating animals were also Fos
      positive. Only a small number of FosB and Fos-positive neurons were seen in
      females that were killed in the early stage of parturition. Removal of the
      litters immediately after parturition completely eliminated FosB and Fos
      expression in each region in the dams. Taken together, the present results
      suggest that FosB expression is co-involved with Fos in the neural activation
      during parturition and lactation in rats.

PMID- 9950061
TI  - Postnatal changes in locomotor movements after labyrinthectomy in rats.
AB  - The influence of unilateral or bilateral labyrinthectomy on the postnatal
      development of locomotor movements was studied in newborn rats. Locomotor
      movements of the rats were measured on the surface of a digitizer table by
      attaching a miniature resonance coil to the abdomen of the rat. Labyrinthectomy
      was performed in rats on postnatal day (PND) 11. From PND 10 to PND 14, the total
      distance and mean velocity of locomotor movements were significantly lower in the
      labyrinthectomized rats than in the control rats. From PND 17 to PND 20, the
      total distance and mean velocity of the locomotor movements of the unilateral
      labyrinthectomized rats gradually recovered to an almost normal level. However,
      those of the bilateral labyrinthectomized rats remained at insufficient levels
      even at PND 20.

PMID- 9950062
TI  - Neonatal reversible focal cerebral ischemia: a new model.
AB  - While numerous animal models exist for studying neonatal brain injury after
      cerebral ischemia-hypoxia, an adequate model for assessing reversible focal
      ischemia in the neonatal rat has not been reported. This paper describes in
      detail a new surgical procedure for creating a non-hemorrhagic, reperfused focal
      ischemic lesion in the neonatal, 7-day-old rat pup.

PMID- 9950063
TI  - High-field (3.0 T) functional MRI sequential epoch analysis: an example for
      motion control analysis.
AB  - The widely accepted method of blood oxygenation level dependent functional
      magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) is a subtractive approach of state related
      analysis based on pictorial statistics, analogous to its predecessor, H2O(15)
      positron emission tomography (H2O(15)-PET). Although BOLD-fMRI has been shown to
      have several definite advantages over H2O(15)-PET, it has also been found to be
      much more artifact prone. This is primarily due to pixel misalignment of raw
      image data. Furthermore, similar to H2O(15)-PET, conventional means for pictorial
      analysis in BOLD-fMRI tends to be limited by the relatively low specificity of
      the observed activation. To overcome this limitation, we investigated a technique
      for BOLD-fMRI, sequential epoch analysis (SEA), on a high-field (3.0 T) system.
      The method allows for experimental designs comparable to neurophysiological
      techniques in primates and enables determination of activation of a selected
      cerebral cortical region of interest corresponding to a specific task. Utilizing
      SEA, we successfully identified a specific area within the premotor cortex which
      is activated complementary to the contralateral hand motion. The findings have
      strong implications regarding the neurological substrate responsible for the well
      described clinical phenomenon of physiological mirror movements in infants. The
      current study validated SEA BOLD-fMRI on a high-field system as a complementary
      method in the pictorial analysis of conventional fMRI, effectively offsetting the
      inherent problems of the conventional method, principally pixel misalignment and
      the relatively low specificity of the observed activation.

PMID- 9950064
TI  - Simultaneous optical imaging of intracellular Cl- in neurons in different layers
      of rat neocortical slices: advantages and limitations.
AB  - Simultaneous recording of changes in intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) in
      individual neurons situated in different layers (e.g. II/III-VI) of neocortical
      slices was found to be feasible by means of optical fluorescence measurements
      using 6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium iodide (MEQ). Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
      caused a measurable increase in [Cl-]i in adult neocortical neurons, but a
      decrease in immature neurons. Developmental changes in the function of the Cl-
      pump and cation-Cl- co-transporters were evaluated using inhibitors such as
      furosemide (FURO), ethacrynic acid (ETA), and bumetanide (BMT). However, it was
      found that these inhibitors absorb and/or emit light of the wavelength that is
      used for the optical imaging of MEQ. In addition, quenching of MEQ fluorescence
      by Cl- and leakage of loaded MEQ was significantly enhanced at a higher
      temperature, which will limit experimentation at > 30 degrees C. Estimation of
      [Cl-]i in individual neurons in slices was made possible by calibrating
      intracellular MEQ fluorescence signals at known Cl- concentrations ([Cl-]) in the
      presence of tributyltin, a Cl(-)-OH- antiporter, nigericin, a K+-H+ antiporter,
      and KSCN. This enables comparison of [Cl-]i between neurons in different slices.
      Thus, optical imaging of [Cl-]i in brain slices can provide valuable spatial
      information about [Cl-]i dynamics and homeostasis, although it should be
      emphasized that the technique does have some limitations.

PMID- 9950065
TI  - Quantitative assessment of auditory cortex responses induced by imager acoustic
      noise.
AB  - A clustered volume acquisition functional MRI pulse sequence was modified to
      assess the response to the acoustic noise of echo-planar imaging in the auditory
      cortex and to determine whether it is possible to obtain data which is relatively
      free of acoustic contamination. The spatial location and strength (percent signal
      change) of cortical responses to the imager noise were examined by introducing
      extra gradient readouts, without slice excitation, to provide acoustic
      stimulation immediately prior to acquisition of a cerebral volume. The duration
      of acoustic stimulation was controlled by varying the number of extra gradient
      readouts. Slice acquisitions were clustered at the end of the repetition time
      (TR) period to prevent a response from being induced by the volume acquisition
      itself ("Intra-Acquisition Response"). The cerebral volumes were acquired using a
      long TR in order to limit the integration of the cortical response across volume
      acquisitions ("Inter-Acquisition Response"). Cortical responses were observed to
      be largest and most significant on the medial two-thirds of Heschl's gyrus, the
      location of primary auditory cortex. Mean signal changes induced by the imager
      noise were observed to be as high as 0.95%. A 2 sec delay prior to onset of the
      BOLD response was empirically determined. These results demonstrate that
      clustered volume acquisitions may be utilized for up to 2 sec of volume
      acquisition without inducing an appreciable Intra-Acquisition Response and can be
      used, with a sufficiently long TR, to provide data which are similarly free of
      any Inter-Acquisition Response.

PMID- 9950066
TI  - Improved auditory cortex imaging using clustered volume acquisitions.
AB  - The effects of the noise of echo-planar functional magnetic resonance imaging on
      auditory cortex responses were compared for two methods of acquiring functional
      MR data. Responses observed with a distributed volume acquisition sequence were
      compared to those obtained with a clustered volume acquisition sequence. In the
      former case, slices from the volume were acquired at equal intervals within the
      repetition time, whereas the latter acquired all slices in rapid succession at
      the end of the imaging period. The clustered volume acquisition provides a period
      of quiet during which a stimulus may be presented uninterrupted and
      uncontaminated by the noise of echo-planar imaging. Both sequences were
      implemented on a General Electric Signa imager retrofitted for echo-planar
      imaging by Advanced NMR Systems, Inc. The sequences were used to acquire 60
      images per slice of a fixed volume of cerebral cortex while subjects were
      presented an instrumental music stimulus in an On vs. Off paradigm. Data were
      acquired for both sequences using TR values of 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 sec. The
      clustered volume acquisition sequence was found to yield greater measures of
      dynamic range (percent signal change, mean statistical power per unit imaging
      time) across the tested range of TR values. Observations of more consistent
      spatial extent of responses, greater mean signal changes, and higher and more
      consistent values of mean t-statistic per unit imaging time demonstrate the
      efficacy of using a clustered volume acquisition for fMRI of auditory cortex.

PMID- 9950067
TI  - A 15O-H2O PET study of meditation and the resting state of normal consciousness.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to examine whether the neural structures
      subserving meditation can be reproducibly measured, and, if so, whether they are
      different from those supporting the resting state of normal consciousness.
      Cerebral blood flow distribution was investigated with the 15O-H20 PET technique
      in nine young adults, who were highly experienced yoga teachers, during the
      relaxation meditation (Yoga Nidra), and during the resting state of normal
      consciousness. In addition, global CBF was measured in two of the subjects.
      Spectral EEG analysis was performed throughout the investigations. In meditation,
      differential activity was seen, with the noticeable exception of V1, in the
      posterior sensory and associative cortices known to participate in imagery tasks.
      In the resting state of normal consciousness (compared with meditation as a
      baseline), differential activity was found in dorso-lateral and orbital frontal
      cortex, anterior cingulate gyri, left temporal gyri, left inferior parietal
      lobule, striatal and thalamic regions, pons and cerebellar vermis and
      hemispheres, structures thought to support an executive attentional network. The
      mean global flow remained unchanged for both subjects throughout the
      investigation (39+/-5 and 38+/-4 ml/100 g/min, uncorrected for partial volume
      effects). It is concluded that the (H2)15O PET method may measure CBF
      distribution in the meditative state as well as during the resting state of
      normal consciousness, and that characteristic patterns of neural activity support
      each state. These findings enhance our understanding of the neural basis of
      different aspects of consciousness.

PMID- 9950068
TI  - Event-related fMRI of tasks involving brief motion.
AB  - The assessment of brain function by blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD)
      functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for tasks involving motion near the
      field of view is compromised by artifacts arising from the motion. The aim of
      this study is to demonstrate that these artifacts can be reduced by acquiring the
      average response from a brief stimulus (a "single-trial," or "event-related,"
      paradigm) as opposed to alternating blocks of repeated task with rest (a "block
      trial" paradigm). The basis of this technique is that the NMR signal changes from
      neuronal activation are delayed relative to the motion due to a slow hemodynamic
      response. By acquiring the average response from a brief stimulus, motion-induced
      signal changes occur prior to neuronal activation-induced signal changes, and the
      two can thus be distinguished. This technique is applied to the tasks of speaking
      out loud, swallowing, jaw clenching, and tongue movement. Functional activation
      maps derived from the single-trial paradigm contain significantly less artifact
      than functional activation maps derived from a more traditional block-trial
      paradigm.

PMID- 9950069
TI  - Adult age differences in the functional neuroanatomy of verbal recognition
      memory.
AB  - Adult age differences are frequently observed in the performance of memory tasks,
      but the changes in neural function mediating these differences are largely
      unknown. We used (H2)15O positron emission tomography (PET) to measure changes in
      regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during Encoding, Baseline, and Retrieval
      conditions of a recognition memory task. Twelve young adults (20-29 years) and 12
      older adults (62-79 years) participated. During each task condition, participants
      made a two-choice manual response to each of 64 words. Analyses of the
      performance data yielded evidence of age-related slowing of encoding and
      retrieval processes, and an age-related decline in the accuracy of yes/no
      recognition (d'). The rCBF activation associated with both encoding and retrieval
      was greater for older adults than for young adults, but this pattern was more
      clearly evident for memory retrieval. For young adults, rCBF activation during
      retrieval occurred primarily in right prefrontal cortex, whereas older adults
      exhibited a more bilateral pattern of prefrontal activation. Regression analyses
      predicting reaction time in the memory task from regional PET counts confirmed
      that the neural system mediating memory retrieval is more widely distributed for
      older adults than for young adults. Both age groups exhibited some decrease in
      rCBF activation in the second half of the test session, relative to the first
      half. The practice-related decrease in rCBF activation was more prominent for
      young adults, suggesting that the older adults' recruitment of additional neural
      systems reflects a more continual allocation of attention to support task
      performance.

PMID- 9950070
TI  - B-SPID: an object-relational database architecture to store, retrieve, and
      manipulate neuroimaging data.
AB  - We propose a hardware and software architecture to respond to crucial problems in
      the neuroimaging field: storage, retrieval, and processing of large datasets. The
      B-SPID project, here discussed, concerns the processing of neuroimages and
      attached components stored in an object-relational multimedia database management
      system (DBMS). Advanced bioinformation concepts are exploited in this project
      such as large scale data storage, high level graphical user interfaces and 3D
      graphical processing and display of data. Our database implementation is based on
      standard programming components, runs on several UNIX platforms and is written to
      be evolutive. Queries on this database are designed to obtain and display from
      neuroimaging data several types of results (pictures, text, or 3D graphical
      shapes) on heterogeneous systems.

PMID- 9950071
TI  - The dermal acute toxic class method: test procedures and biometric evaluations.
AB  - A dermal acute toxic class (ATC) method is presented with the use of
      significantly fewer animals in comparison with the classical dermal 50% lethal
      dose (LD50) test. The principle of the dermal ATC method is based on the oral and
      the inhalation ATC method. The method was developed for three fixed starting
      doses. Depending on the dermal LD50, the slope, the classification system and the
      starting dose on average 40 to 90% fewer animals will be used in comparison to at
      least 30 animals with the dermal LD50 test. The method was biometrically
      evaluated by using the Probit model for dose-response relationships. At present,
      there are eight different international classification systems based on dermal
      LD50 values. The test procedures and the calculations of the classification
      probabilities demonstrate that the dermal ATC method is a reliable alternative to
      the dermal LD50 test with the use of significantly fewer animals. Classification
      probabilities are presented for all classification systems currently in use, and
      expected numbers of experimental and of moribund/dead animals are demonstrated
      for the system of chemicals in the European Union for all three starting doses.
      The conclusion is justified that, similarly to the inhalation ATC method, there
      is no need to validate the dermal ATC method with the use of experimental
      animals.

PMID- 9950073
TI  - Body weight loss and changes in tryptophan homeostasis by chlorinated dibenzo-p
      dioxin congeners in the most TCDD-susceptible and the most TCDD-resistant rat
      strain.
AB  - We compared the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetra (TCDD), 1,2,3,7,8-penta (PeCDD),
      1,2,3,4,7,8-hexa (HxCDD) and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HpCDD) on
      brain serotonin metabolism, plasma tryptophan and liver tryptophan pyrrolase
      activity in two rat strains, TCDD-sensitive Long-Evans (Turku AB; L-E) and TCDD
      resistant Han/Wistar (Kuopio; H/W). Previously it was shown that L-E rats exhibit
      the expected rank order of potency for CDDs in terms of acute toxicity with TCDD
      being the most potent, followed by PeCDD, HxCDD and HpCDD. In contrast, to H/W
      rats HxCDD was the most toxic and TCDD the least toxic of these congeners. In the
      present study, the CDDs decreased body weight in L-E rats in the following order
      of potency: TCDD > PeCDD > HxCDD > HpCDD. The same rank order was recorded for
      elevations in brain tryptophan and plasma free tryptophan concentrations as well
      as for inhibition of the main hepatic tryptophan metabolizing enzyme, tryptophan
      pyrrolase. By contrast, in H/W rats HxCDD was the most effective congener in
      producing loss of body weight, followed by HpCDD, PeCDD and TCDD. This was also
      true of changes in tryptophan homeostasis. These findings imply that in TCDD
      susceptible L-E and TCDD-resistant H/W rats the potency of dioxin congeners in
      inducing acute toxicity highly correlates with their ability to disrupt
      tryptophan homeostasis. However, there may not be a direct causal relationship
      between body weight loss and altered tryptophan homeostasis, because the
      magnitudes of these two phenomena were not consistently parallel across the
      dioxin congeners tested.

PMID- 9950072
TI  - Induction of hepatic mrp2 (cmrp/cmoat) gene expression in nonhuman primates
      treated with rifampicin or tamoxifen.
AB  - The multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2) also called canalicular multidrug
      resistance protein (cMrp) or canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter
      (cMoat) is a transmembrane export pump located at the canalicular domain of
      hepatocytes. Mrp2 transports a broad spectrum of organic anions including
      glucuronides, glutathione conjugates, and organic sulphates into bile. Based on
      previous observations in rat hepatocytes, the inducibility of mrp2 gene
      expression in primate liver was investigated in rhesus monkeys treated with
      tamoxifen or rifampicin. It was found that treatment with tamoxifen (25 mg/kg per
      day; over 7 days) or rifampicin (15 mg/kg per day; over 7 days) leading to an
      induction of cytochrome P450 3A4, resulted in a strong increase in mrp2 mRNA in
      the liver of male and female rhesus monkeys. On the protein level, tamoxifen also
      was a highly effective inducer, while rifampicin showed some inducing effect in a
      female and was inactive in a male monkey. In sections of paraffin-embedded liver
      tissue, immunofluorescence staining confirmed the results of Western blot
      analysis. Induced Mrp2 was localized to the canalicular domain of the
      hepatocytes. In conclusion, our data show inducibility of mrp2 gene expression in
      the liver of primates which may represent an adaptive response aimed at the
      enhanced biliary elimination of the inducing drugs and/or their metabolites.

PMID- 9950074
TI  - The peroxisome proliferator nafenopin does not suppress hepatocyte apoptosis in
      guinea-pig liver in vivo nor in human hepatocytes in vitro.
AB  - In rats and mice, nafenopin is a nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogen, which induces
      hepatic DNA synthesis and enzyme induction both in vivo and in hepatocyte
      cultures in vitro. However, humans and guinea-pigs are considered to be non
      responsive to the liver growth effects of peroxisome proliferators (PPs). The
      ability to stimulate cell replication coupled with the ability to suppress
      apoptosis is thought to underpin the carcinogenicity of nongenotoxic carcinogens
      such as PPs. Previous studies in this laboratory have shown that in rats in vivo
      and in vitro nafenopin suppressed spontaneous hepatocyte apoptosis and that
      induced by the physiological negative growth regulator transforming growth
      factors beta1 (TGFbeta1). In addition nafenopin suppressed apoptosis in cultured
      hepatocytes from guinea-pig and hamster. The effects of PPs on apoptosis in human
      hepatocyte cultures is not known. To correlate these previous in vitro findings
      to the known species differences in hepatocarcinogenicity of PPs we have
      investigated the effects of nafenopin on guinea-pig liver growth in vivo. Also,
      we have examined the effects of nafenopin on apoptosis in cultures of human
      hepatocytes, a valuable model for human risk assessment. Nafenopin did not
      inhibit either spontaneous or TGFbeta1 induced apoptosis in human hepatocytes in
      vitro. Administration of nafenopin to guinea-pigs in vivo produced none of the
      changes seen previously in responsive species, such as rats and mice. There was
      no change in liver/body weight ratio, peroxisomal volume of hepatocytes or DNA
      synthesis as determined by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine and there was no
      suppression of apoptosis. The lack of response to nafenopin in guinea-pigs in
      vivo and human hepatocytes in vitro provides further evidence that these species
      may be refractory to the liver growth effects of PPs despite the ability of
      guinea-pigs and humans to respond to PPs by alterations in lipid metabolism. The
      data presented add to our overall understanding of species differences in
      response to the PP class of rodent nongenotoxic carcinogens.

PMID- 9950075
TI  - Suppression of hepatocyte apoptosis and induction of DNA synthesis by the rat and
      mouse hepatocarcinogen diethylhexylphlathate (DEHP) and the mouse
      hepatocarcinogen 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB).
AB  - Nongenotoxic rodent hepatocarcinogens do not damage DNA but cause liver tumours
      in the rat and mouse, associated with the induction of hepatic DNA synthesis.
      Previously, we have demonstrated that nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens such as
      phenobarbitone and the peroxisome proliferator (PP), nafenopin, also suppress rat
      hepatocyte apoptosis. The nongenotoxic chemicals 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB) and
      the PP, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), both induce high levels of DNA synthesis
      in rat liver in vivo, but only DEHP is hepatocarcinogenic in this species. Here,
      we investigate whether the difference in rat carcinogenicity of these two hepatic
      mitogens may be due to differences in their ability to suppress hepatocyte
      apoptosis. In rat hepatocytes in vitro, MEHP (the active metabolite of DEHP)
      induced DNA synthesis 2.5-fold (P = 0.001) and suppressed 10- and 4-fold,
      respectively both spontaneous (P = 0.0008) and transforming growth factor beta1
      (TGFbeta1)-induced (P = 0.0001) apoptosis. DCB gave a small (1.7-fold) increase
      in DNA synthesis (P = 0.03) and a small (1.7- to 2-fold) suppression of both
      spontaneous (P = 0.022) and TGFbeta1-induced (P = 0.015) apoptosis. We next
      analysed the induction of DNA synthesis and the suppression of apoptosis in rat
      liver in vivo. Both DEHP and DCB were able to induce DNA synthesis although, as
      seen in vitro, the induction by DCB (4.2-fold; P = 0.023) was less marked than
      that with DEHP (13.4-fold; P = 0.007). Similarly, DEHP and DCB were both able to
      suppress rat hepatocyte apoptosis in vivo but the magnitude of the suppression
      was comparable; apoptosis was reduced to undetectable levels in four out of five
      animals with DCB and three out of five with DEHP. Since both chemicals suppressed
      apoptosis and induced DNA synthesis in rat liver but, overall, DCB was less
      potent, the disparate hepatocarcinogenic potential of these two chemicals could
      arise from differences in the magnitude of growth perturbation. To test this
      hypothesis, we repeated the studies in mouse, a species where both DCB and DEHP
      are hepatocarcinogenic. Both in vitro and in vivo, DCB and DEHP/MEHP were able to
      suppress apoptosis and induce hepatocyte DNA synthesis in the mouse with
      comparable potencies. The data support the hypothesis that the carcinogenicity of
      nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens is associated strongly with the ability to perturb
      hepatocyte growth regulation. However, the ability to effect such changes is not
      unique to nongenotoxic carcinogens and is common to some noncarcinogenic
      chemicals, such as DCB, suggesting that the growth perturbation may need to
      exceed a threshold for carcinogenesis.

PMID- 9950076
TI  - Flow cytometry as a sensitive tool to assess testicular damage in rat.
AB  - The aim of this study was to compare results obtained by flow cytometry (FCM)
      with those obtained from testicular histopathology with regard to testicular
      damage following acute exposure of adult rats to the known testicular toxicant,
      methoxyacetic acid (MAA). Special emphasis was given to defining the sensitivity
      of three-parameter FCM compared with testicular histopathology. Furthermore, the
      effect on the male reproductive system of a single oral dose of MAA was evaluated
      with traditional methods, e.g. testicular sperm head counts, and organ weights.
      Adult, male Han/Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of ten animals
      to be treated with a single dose of 0, 65, 325 and 650 mg MAA/kg body wt. (p.o.,
      gavage). The animals were killed 2 days after treatment, and testicular and
      epididymal weights were recorded. One testis and the corresponding epididymis
      were used for histopathology. The other testis was used partly to determine
      sonication-resistant, testicular sperm-head counts (SHC), and partly for
      enzymatic digestion followed by FCM. The results obtained in this study are in
      agreement with the literature, and show that, in the adult male rat, 2 days after
      administering a single oral dose of MAA, specific depletion of spermatocytes is
      evident. Detectable testicular effects were produced by the high (650 mg/kg body
      wt.) and mid (325 mg/kg body wt.) doses, whilst the low dose (65 mg/kg body wt.)
      did not produce any noticeable effect. There was a strong correlation between
      results obtained by FCM and those obtained by testicular histopathology, and no
      difference in sensitivity between the two methods was observed. In summary, three
      parameter FCM represents a sensitive and reliable method for the detection of
      testicular injury in the rat. It requires only small amounts of tissue, and the
      sensitivity was shown to be similar to that of histopathology. Moreover, FCM has
      the advantages of being quick and objective, which permits large numbers of cells
      to be analysed. The potential use of this method as a fast screening tool for
      testicular toxicity in routine toxicology studies should be considered.

PMID- 9950077
TI  - Mechanism of toxic action of fluoride in dental fluorosis: whether trimeric G
      proteins participate in the disturbance of intracellular transport of secretory
      ameloblast exposed to fluoride.
AB  - In enamel fluorosis model rats treated with sodium fluoride, secretory
      ameloblasts of incisor tooth germs exhibited disruption of intracellular
      trafficking. We examined whether heterotrimeric G proteins participated in the
      disruption of vesicular trafficking of the secretory ameloblast exposed to
      fluoride, using immunoblotting and pertussis toxin (IAP)-induced adenosyl
      diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation for membrane fractions of the cell. Immunoblotting
      of crude membranes, post supernatants of the ameloblast, with anti-G(alpha
      i3/alpha o) and anti-G(alpha s) antibodies showed that Gi3 or Go proteins existed
      in the secretory ameloblast, but Gs protein did not. Immunoblotting of the
      subcellular membrane fractions indicated that the Gi3 or Go proteins were located
      in the Golgi membrane, but were not in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)
      membrane. Autoradiograph of IAP-induced ADP-ribosylation, however, showed the
      existence of IAP-sensitive G proteins both in rER and Golgi membranes. Fluoride
      treatment decreased the G proteins bound to both membranes. These findings
      indicate that different G proteins, both of which are IAP-sensitive, are present
      in the rER and Golgi apparatus, and suggest that these G proteins participate in
      the disturbance of intracellular transport of the secretory ameloblast exposed to
      fluoride.

PMID- 9950078
TI  - Modelling of residual variability in toxicokinetic studies with sparse sampling:
      the case of tetrahydronaphthalene.
AB  - The present study describes the kinetics of tetrahydronaphthalene in male and
      female rats (five animals per dose per sex) at three dose levels (15, 50, and 150
      mg/kg daily). Plasma concentration measurements were performed in the course of a
      subacute toxicity study of 28 days duration in an enriched study design. Two
      blood samples per animal were taken at different time points after application at
      day 1 and 16 (150 mg/kg daily) and at day 3 and 18 (15 and 50 mg/kg daily),
      respectively. Tetrahydronaphthalene was assayed by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry (GC-MS) after extraction. The data of plasma concentration time were
      analysed using non-linear mixed effects modelling as implemented in NONMEM. The
      structural model with the best fit employed one compartment kinetics with
      instantaneous drug input. Interindividual variability in both k and V was found
      to be very small [k, 0.201 h(-1), 0.013; V, 16.19 (kg), 1.77; population mean and
      SE]. No unequivocal evidence of dose dependence could be found. The kinetic
      parameter with the highest extent of variability was the extent of
      bioavailability which showed an coefficient of variation (CV) of 96%. Both gender
      and dose had no influence on the variability. The present approach is concluded
      to offer more insight into the relationship between dose, concentration and
      effect and into factors which explain variability in kinetics without additional
      testing or additional animals. Proposals for a refined sampling schedule are
      made.

PMID- 9950079
TI  - Determination of glutathione transferase (GSTT1-1) activities in different
      tissues based on formation of radioactive metabolites using 35S-glutathione.
AB  - A new system has been developed to determine enzyme activities of glutathione
      transferase theta (GSTT1-1) based on radiometric product detection resulting from
      the enzymic reaction of methyl chloride with 35S-labelled glutathione. In
      principle, the method is universally applicable for determination of glutathione
      transferase activities towards a multiplicity of substrates. The method
      distinguishes between erythocyte GSTT1-1 activities of human 'non-conjugators',
      'low conjugators' and 'high conjugators'. Application to cytosol preparations of
      livers and kidneys of male and female Fischer 344 and B6C3F1 mice reveals
      differential GSTT1-1 activities in hepatic and renal tissues. These ought to be
      considered in species-specific modellings of organ toxicities of chlorinated
      hydrocarbons.

PMID- 9950080
TI  - Interaction of vitamin C and flavonoids in elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) during
      juice processing.
AB  - A field experiment and two oxidation experiments in the laboratory were carried
      out. The content of the major anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy-3-G) and
      cyanidin-3-sambubioside (Cy-3-Sa), in the fresh fruits from the 13 cultivars were
      from 361 to 1266 and from 269 to 656 mg/100 g, respectively. The two minor
      anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-sambubioside-5-glucoside (Cy-3-Sa-5-G) and cyanidin-3.5
      diglucoside (Cy-3.5-dG), occurred in concentrations between 5 and 47 mg/100 g.
      The content of ascorbic acid and quercetin in the fresh fruits of the cultivars
      varied from 6 to 25, and from 29 to 60 mg/100 g, respectively. Purging of the
      elderberry juice with N2 and/or addition of ascorbic acid reduced the oxidative
      degradation rate of the two major anthocyanins and quercetin. Ascorbic acid
      protected the anthocyanins, but not quercetin from oxidative degradation. Mixing
      of fruits with air during processing and even a low content of oxygen in the
      juice before tapping must be avoided by appropriate steps during processing.
      Improvement of the nutritional value of the elderberry juice and increased
      protection of anthocyanins against oxidative degradation may potentially be
      obtained by selection of cultivars with a high content of ascorbic acid.

PMID- 9950081
TI  - Impact of microwave heating on hemagglutinins, trypsin inhibitors and protein
      quality of selected legume seeds.
AB  - Selected legume seeds (dry and soaked) including faba beans, peas, chickpeas,
      soybeans, lentils and common beans containing 8 and 25% moisture, respectively,
      were subjected to microwave heating, and to a conventional cooking method to
      determine the heating effect on toxic compounds and protein quality. Trypsin
      inhibitors, hemagglutinins and available lysine were analyzed, and laboratory
      rats were used to determine digestibility and protein efficiency ratio (PER).
      Results indicated that microwaving destroyed trypsin inhibitors to a similar
      degree to that observed in beans cooked using the conventional method without
      affecting PER for raw seeds with low antinutrients content (faba beans, peas,
      chickpeas and lentils). Microwave-heated soaked soybeans had a higher amount of
      destroyed trypsin inhibitors, along with a higher PER, compared with microwave
      heated dry soybeans. Microwave heating of common beans failed to destroy
      hemagglutinins and trypsin inhibitors, and consequently their digestibility and
      PER values were poor. Finally it was concluded that microwave heating constitutes
      an adequate method for destroying hemagglutinins and trypsin inhibitors without
      affecting protein quality of most legume seeds, except for common beans that
      despite of this process retained the antinutritional substances.

PMID- 9950083
TI  - Selected nutritional components and sensory attributes of cowpea (Vigna
      unguiculata [L.] Walp) leaves.
AB  - Reports on the nutritional composition of cowpea leaves have been limited to a
      small number of lines and the palatability characteristics of leaves apparently
      have not been studied. This study was therefore undertaken on cowpea leaves to
      determine the nutrient composition of fifteen varieties and the sensory
      attributes of ten varieties grown in Ghana. Nutritional components studied were
      moisture, protein, phosphorus and ascorbic acid. The sensory attributes included
      leaf size, taste and overall acceptability. There were significant (p > 0.05)
      differences among varieties in all nutrient components (fresh and dry weight
      basis), leaf size and overall acceptability. The nutrient composition values, on
      a dry weight basis, ranged from 9.4 to 13.0% for moisture, 303.8 to 468.9 mg/100
      g for phosphorus, 33.5 to 148.0 mg/100 g for ascorbic acid, and 27.1 to 34.7% for
      protein. Differences in the sensory scores of leaves for taste were not
      significant (p > 0.05). Overall acceptability positively correlated with leaf
      size. Moisture content was negatively correlated with overall acceptability,
      phosphorus and ascorbic acid. Results can be exploited in a breeding program to
      develop nutritionally superior and acceptable cowpea varieties which can be used
      for harvesting of both leaves and seeds.

PMID- 9950082
TI  - Effect of in utero exposure of Toddy (coconut palm wine) on liver function and
      lipid metabolism in rat fetuses.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a country liquor
      Toddy (Coconut palm wine) and an equivalent quantity of ethanol on liver function
      and lipid metabolism in utero. Female albino rats with an average weight of 125
      +/- 5 g were exposed to Toddy from coconut palm (24.5 ml/kg body weight/day) and
      ethanol (0.52 ml/kg body weight/day) for 15 days before conception and during
      pregnancy. On day 13 and day 19 of gestation, altered liver function and
      hyperlipidemia were seen in the fetuses of both the treated groups. Altered liver
      function was evidenced by the increased activity of alcohol dehydrogenase,
      aldehyde dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (aspartate amino
      transferase (GOT)), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (alanine amino transferase
      (GPT)). Hyperlipidemia was caused by increased biosynthesis since the
      incorporation of 14C acetate into lipids and activities of HMG CoA reductase and
      lipogenic enzymes were elevated. Toddy treated fetuses were more severely
      affected than those exposed to an equivalent quantity of ethanol. Toddy seemed to
      potentiate the toxicity induced by alcohol suggesting the role of non alcoholic
      components. Hepatic functions of the day 13 fetuses were effected to a lesser
      degree than those in the day 19 hepatic liver.

PMID- 9950084
TI  - Toxicity studies in mice of common spices, Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark and Piper
      longum fruits.
AB  - Acute (24 hours) and chronic (90 days) oral toxicity studies on the ethanolic
      extracts of common spices Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees bark and Piper longum L.
      fruits were carried out in mice. Acute dosages were 0.5, 1.0 and 3 g/kg while the
      chronic dosage was 100 mg/kg/day. All external morphological, hematological and
      spermatogenic changes, in addition to body weight and vital organ weights, were
      recorded. The extracts of both the plants caused no significant acute or chronic
      mortality compared to the control during this study. During chronic treatment
      there was no significant change in the pre- and post treatment body weight of the
      test animals while the weight gain in the control group was significant. C.
      zeylanicum treatment caused reduction in liver weight while P. longum caused a
      significant increase in the weight of the lungs and spleen of the treated animals
      compared to the control. Hematological studies revealed a significant fall in
      hemoglobin level of C. zeylanicum treated animals. Both of the extracts induced a
      significant increase in reproductive organ weights, sperm motility, sperm count
      and failed to illicit any spermatotoxic effect.

PMID- 9950085
TI  - Yield, protein, and oil quality of soybean genotypes selected for tofu
      production.
AB  - The soyfood industry prefers some soybean [(Glycine max L. (Merr.)] cultivars
      over others based on chemical constituents, physical traits, and processing
      quality of the seed. However, soybean cultivars possessing the combination of
      desirable agronomic traits and biochemical characteristics that enhance the
      quality of soyfoods have not been identified in the USA. Thus, this research was
      conducted with the objective of determining yield, seed protein, and fatty acid
      composition of soybean genotypes selected for tofu production. Twelve soybean
      genotypes were planted in plots arranged in a randomized complete block design
      with four replications at the Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State
      University, Georgia, USA during 1994 and 1995. Seed yield ranged from 1.6 to 3.0
      metric tons/ha. The protein content varied between 314.2 and 480.7 g/kg seed.
      Both BARC-8 and BARC-9 had significantly higher protein content than other
      genotypes. These two genotypes also showed significant year by genotype
      interactions for some fatty acids. V71-370 had the highest oleic acid
      concentration and a high ratio (0.92) of monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty
      acids. The concentration of linoleic and linolenic acids ranged from 406.5 to
      531.0 and 37.1 to 63.0 g/kg oil, respectively. Seed yield was correlated with
      biomass, harvest index, and filled pods per m2. In this study, V71-370 was found
      to be relatively superior in oil quality with fatty acid composition desirable
      for human consumption. The significant variation for seed yield and biochemical
      characteristics observed among the few genotypes examined in this study indicates
      the potential for breeding high yielding soybean cultivars suitable for soyfoods.
      Therefore, there is a need for evaluation of soybean germplasm for agronomic
      traits that contribute to seed yield and biochemical characteristics including
      fatty acid profiles that enhance soyfood quality before initiating development of
      suitable cultivars for tofu.

PMID- 9950086
TI  - Antioxidative activities in some common seaweeds.
AB  - Dietary antioxidants from plants are believed to help prevent aging and other
      diseases through radical scavenging activity. Free radical scavenging activities
      by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and deoxyribose assay were
      ascertained among 27 species of common seaweeds using a sequential extraction
      method. The results indicated that, DPPH scavenging activity existed in 15
      species; Gelidium amansii, Gloiosiphonia capillaris, Polysiphonia urceolata,
      Sargassum kjellmanianum, Desmarestia viridis, and Rhodomela teres showed the
      strongest activities. On the other hand, the deoxyribose results showed that
      almost all the seaweed species had good ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals.
      The most active species were Rhodomela teres and Chorda filum.

PMID- 9950088
TI  - Development and acceptability of a ready-to-eat beta-carotene rich, maize based
      supplementary product.
AB  - Low cost supplementary products using maize were developed and made using
      extrusion. Beta-carotene rich sources like curry leaf, carrot, red palm oil were
      used at different level to increase vitamin A precursor Levels and, therefore,
      vitamin A. Incorporation of curry leaf powder and carrot powder at 30 percent
      level and 30:70 blend of red palm oil and groundnut oil were found to be more
      acceptable than the products made with other levels. These products were tasted
      for acceptability by preschool children and were analysed for energy, protein,
      fat and beta-carotene contents. The control, fresh and stored supplementary
      products contained 1.707, 1.922, 1.919 MJ, 11.0, 11.6, 10.36 g protein, 10.2,
      10.4, 9.64 g fat, 0, 7.37, 6.72 mg beta-carotene per 100 g, respectively. The
      loss of beta-carotene in processing and storage of curry leaf and carrot
      supplemented products was 13.69, 6.25 and 20.24, 8.06 percent, respectively.

PMID- 9950087
TI  - Composition of pulp, skin and seeds of prickly pears fruit (Opuntia ficus indica
      sp.).
AB  - The proximate composition of pulp, skin and seeds of prickly pear cactus (Opuntia
      ficus indica) was investigated and is reported on a dry weight basis. The most
      abundant component of the pulp and skin was ethanol-soluble carbohydrates. Pulp
      contained glucose (35%) and fructose (29%) while the skin contained essentially
      glucose (21%). Protein content was 5.1% (pulp), 8.3% (skin) and 11.8% (seeds).
      Starch was found in each of the three parts of the fruit. Pulp fibers were rich
      in pectin (14.4%), skin and seeds were rich in cellulose (29.1 and 45.1%,
      respectively). Skin was remarkable for its content of calcium (2.09%) and
      potassium (3.4%). Prickly pear is a neglected nutritional source which should be
      more widely used because of its potential nutrient contribution.

PMID- 9950089
TI  - How should the safety and efficacy of platelet transfusions be assured?

PMID- 9950090
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of patients refractory to platelet transfusions.

PMID- 9950091
TI  - The ideal platelet prescription.

PMID- 9950092
TI  - Indications for therapeutic platelet transfusions.

PMID- 9950093
TI  - Trigger factors for prophylactic platelet transfusion.
AB  - The level of 20x10(9)/L for prophylactic platelet transfusion has rightly been
      challenged over the last few years, with some units recommending a level as low
      as 5x10(9)/L. The higher levels are usually based on retrospective data from the
      1950s. We examined the more recent data and came to the conclusion that a
      threshold of 10x10(9)/L is safe in the stable patient; higher levels are
      recommended for specific clinical circumstances. This threshold will reduce donor
      exposure, costs and possibly donor alloimmunization. The dearth of prospective
      controlled clinical trials in the literature also presents an opportunity for
      both in-house and national audit.

PMID- 9950094
TI  - Consensus conference on platelet transfusion. Final statement.

PMID- 9950095
TI  - Diagnosis and prevention of fungal infection in the immunocompromized patient.
AB  - Profound and prolonged neutropenia following chemotherapy is a major risk factor
      for systemic fungal infections. Mortality associated with disseminated fungal
      infection is high and treatment with conventional amphotericin B is complicated
      by renal toxicity. Candida and Aspergillus are among the major pathogens in this
      patient population. Many patients remaining neutropenic over a prolonged period
      of time will receive empirical antifungal therapy. The clinical and laboratory
      diagnosis of these infections are neither sensitive nor specific and are
      generally limited in the early detection of invasive fungal infection. However,
      several new approaches to diagnosis are being developed which should be
      translated into routine practice. These include antigen detection and PCR. It is
      still unclear how effective the various measures that are currently being used
      are in preventing serious fungal infection. Refinements in the prophylactic use
      of fluconazole, itraconazole and aerosolized amphoteric in B, and the
      introduction of new formulations of existing antifungals may reduce the incidence
      of systemic fungal infections in some patient groups. Patients with presumed
      fungal infection require more intense and accurate monitoring for signs of
      disseminated infection. Early diagnosis may guide appropriate treatment and
      prevent mortality.

PMID- 9950096
TI  - New-variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: the risk of transmission by blood
      transfusion.
AB  - New-variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nvCJD) was first described in the UK in
      1996 and is thought to be related to the consumption of cattle suffering from
      bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Although only 29 cases have been confirmed to
      date, it is too early to predict the number of people who may currently be
      incubating the disease. Past experience suggests that sporadic CJD is rarely, if
      ever, spread by blood transfusion. However, it is unclear whether nvCJD may be
      transmissible by this route and if so, how easily. Assessing the potential risk
      of transmission of nvCJD by blood transfusion and evaluating the likely efficacy
      of proposed strategies to reduce this risk is, therefore, very difficult. This
      article summarizes the spectrum of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in
      animals and man, the molecular and cellular biology of the prion protein and the
      continuing debate as to the nature of the infectious agent. The distribution of
      normal prion protein expression, the results of experimental transmission studies
      and the case reports and clinical studies on CJD transmission are reviewed.
      Finally, the extent of current knowledge and the potential utility of proposed
      strategies to reduce the risk of nvCJD transmission by blood transfusion are
      discussed.

PMID- 9950097
TI  - Analysis of effector cells in tumor-bearing mice pre-treated with active specific
      immunization followed by cyclophosphamide.
AB  - In order to analyse the effector population in an immunization model, we treated
      BALB/c mice with intraperitoneal (i.p.) active specific immunization (ASI), which
      consists of interleukin (IL)-1-beta and sonicated tumor supernatant (SS) of a
      plasmacytoma MOPC-104E followed by i.p. injection of cyclophosphamide (CY). This
      ASI-CY treatment provoked a protective immunity against i.p. tumor inoculation
      more strongly than that of ASI alone. The main effector cells in tumor
      neutralizing assay were CD4+ T cells at this pont. The number of spleen cells of
      the ASI-CY treated mice were significantly lower than that of ASI alone treated
      mice but it increased significantly 6 days thereafter while this increase was not
      observed on the mice treated with ASI alone. The spleen cells of the ASI-CY
      treated mice responded to SS in vitro in the presence of IL-2, more profoundly in
      CD4 enriched population which produced high amount of TNF-alpha. In vivo tumor
      neutralizing activity at a later stage was dependent on CD8+ T cells in addition
      to CD4+ T cells. These results suggest that antitumor activity by ASI and CY is
      transduced by sequential population shift from CD4 alone to both of CD4 and CD8.

PMID- 9950098
TI  - Low dose oral interferon alpha 2a in HIV-1 seropositive patients: a double-blind,
      placebo-controlled trial.
AB  - Low dose oral interferon alpha has been shown to be of benefit in viral disease
      in animals. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 177 patients
      seropositive for HIV-1 were randomly assigned to receive placebo or recombinant
      human interferon alpha 2a (rIFN alpha). Endpoints were survival, alteration of
      disease classification, performance, and changes in CD4+ T cell numbers. There
      was a trend for improved survival in the group receiving rIFN alpha at the dose
      of 1.0 IU/lb. The changes in disease classification or in weight were not
      significantly different. Performance was improved to a greater extent (p=0.1) in
      the patients who received the two higher rIFN alpha dosages (1.0 IU/lb and 10.0
      IU/lb) at 6 months. In addition, the CD4+ T cell count was improved only in the
      1.0 IU/lb dose treatment group at 6 months. Treatment with low dose oral
      interferon at 1.0 IU/lb was associated with improved CD4+ T cell count,
      performance and a trend toward enhanced survival in HIV seropositive patients.
      These differences were, however, not statistically significant. A larger study,
      with better return rate, will be needed to determine whether low dose, oral
      interferon alpha is actually beneficial for these patients.

PMID- 9950099
TI  - Effect of herbal therapy on herpes labialis and herpes genitalis.
AB  - Administration of hot water extracts of six herbs to four patients with recurrent
      herpes labialis led to prompt crusting over and complete recovery within a few
      days. Similar treatment for one female patient who had been suffering from
      recurrent genital herpes resolved the associated pain dramatically. In all cases
      mentioned, symptoms disappeared much more quickly than with previous outbreaks
      when herb extracts were not administered.

PMID- 9950100
TI  - The use of BRM-activated killer cells in adoptive immunotherapy: a pilot study
      with nine advanced cancer patients.
AB  - Adoptive immunotherapy using MHC-nonrestricted-lymphocytes, peripheral blood
      gammadelta T cells and NK cells was devised. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      (3 x 10(7)) were selected by immobilization to anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody for 4
      days and cultured for 2 weeks in the presence of IL-2. Thereafter they were
      reactivated by 500 U/ml of IFN-alpha and 1000 U/ml of IL-2 for 1 hour.
      Enhancement of NK and LAK activities was confirmed. Peripheral blood gammadelta T
      cells proliferated in response to immobilized anti-CD3 antibody (3% to 30%).
      Approximately 6 x 10(9) BRM-activated killer (BAK) cells composed of CD56+
      gammadelta T cells and CD56+ NK cells, were dispensed to cancer patients via
      intravenous drip infusion. Nine patients were treated with BAK cells every 2
      weeks or every month on an outpatient basis. During the course of adoptive
      immunotherapy, the crossed affinity immunoelectrophoresis (CAIE) pattern of serum
      immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) was analysed. Both the production and
      glycosylation pattern of IAP is changed in response to tumor enlargement and may
      therefore act as a marker of the disease progression. During the course of BAK
      therapy, the glycosylation IAP pattern of 6 patients changed from tumor (T) to
      normal (N). In addition, the performance status of all patients was maintained at
      90-100% of the Karnofsky scale and any side effects including fever were not
      observed during treatments with BAK cells. Moreover, the overall quality of life
      (QOL) of the patients, scored at the Face scale was favorable. In addition, blood
      levels of activated gammadelta T cells producing IFN-gamma were assayed as an
      indication marker of BAK therapy. The normal range of IFN-gamma producing
      gammadelta T cells comprised 6.9 +/- 0.9% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      (PBMC), according to a single cell FACScan analyses of PBMCs derived from normal
      individuals. IFN-gamma producing gammadelta T cells of Patients No. 8 and 9, who
      received extensive chemotherapy before initiation of BAK therapy, comprised only
      0.2% and 2% of PBMC, respectively. These patients died 3 and 6 months after
      beginning BAK therapy. Peripheral blood gammadelta T cells of Patients Nos. 1-7
      proliferated in response to immobilized anti-CD3 antibody and the frequency of
      IFN-gamma producing gammadelta T cells in PBMC preparation of these patients were
      over 3% before initiation of BAK therapy. Since our data show a positive
      correlation between survival time and initial gammadelta T cell counts, a low
      frequency of these cells may contraindicate BAK therapy.

PMID- 9950101
TI  - Levamisole and interleukin-2 for advanced malignancy.
AB  - Therapy for cancer patients with biologically active immune modulators is
      attractive but has met with limited clinical success. Interleukin-2 (IL2)
      stimulates T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells to kill tumor cells and
      levamisole (LMS) is an immunostimulant which has been shown to increase NK cells
      and activated T-cells in patients receiving this adjuvantly along with 5FU for
      Stage III colon cancer. This study was designed to evaluate whether treatment
      with LMS prior to IL2 would provide synergistic activity and improve response
      rates. Four patients with advanced malignancies were treated with LMS at 50 mg
      p.o. TID for 3 days followed on day 4 with 600,000 units/kg IL2 as a single i.v.
      bolus. This treatment was repeated weekly until progression. Serum soluble IL2
      receptor (sIL2R) and interferon-gamma levels were monitored throughout the
      treatment course as markers of immune activation. All patients had eventual
      progression of disease. Toxicity was minimal with Grade II orthostatic
      hypotension the major consequence of therapy. The pattern of sIL2R levels in 3/4
      patients revealed a steady increase over the several weeks of therapy, indicating
      ongoing immunostimulation (r=0.53 , p=0.001). Short-term treatment with LMS,
      however, resulted in a significant and consistent decreases in sIL2R levels (2198
      U/ml vs. 1969 U/ml, p=0.001) in all patients. In conclusion, LMS/IL2 in the dose
      and schedule utilized here was not clinically effective. However, LMS reduced
      sIL2R levels immediately following a three-day course. This reduction in sIL2R by
      LMS may improve the possibility of response to IL2 by facilitating a decrease in
      inhibitory sIL2R. Combinations of these two agents should continue to be
      investigated as potential synergistic anti-tumor agents.

PMID- 9950102
TI  - Antitumor effect of a peptide-glucan preparation extracted from Agaricus blazei
      in a double-grafted tumor system in mice.
AB  - The antitumor effect of extracts obtained from the fruit body of Agaricus blazei
      Murill was examined in a double-grafted tumor system, in which BALB/c mice
      received simultaneous intradermal injections of Meth-A tumor cells in both the
      right (10(6) cells) and left flank (2 x 10(5) cells), and were then injected with
      5 mg of extracts of A. blazei in the right tumor on days 3, 4 and 5. Intratumoral
      administration of ethanol-soluble (Fraction 1), water-ethanol-soluble (Fraction
      2), ammonium oxalate-soluble (Fraction 3) and ammonium oxalate-insoluble
      (Fraction 4) fractions resulted in inhibition of tumor growth, with Fraction 3
      showing the most tumoricidal activity, producing regression of the right tumor
      and inhibition of growth of the left, non-injected tumor. The maximum effect was
      obtained using 0.5 mg of Fraction 3 and this amount was used in subsequent
      experiments. The antitumor effect of intratumorally administered Fraction 3 was
      enhanced by oral ad lib administration of feed containing 0.083% of Fraction 3.
      When immunized spleen cells from mice that had been cured by intratumoral
      administration of 0.5 mg of Fraction 3 were directly injected (2 x 10(7)
      cells/mouse) into the Meth-A tumor, tumor growth was inhibited. The tumor cells
      on day 7 from the Fraction 3-treated right tumor and from the left tumor were
      cultured for 24 h and their culture supernatants were assayed for neutrophil or
      macrophage chemotactic activity. Significant macrophage chemotactic factor
      activity was detected in the culture media from the left tumor tissue. Serum
      levels of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP), produced by activated
      macrophages and neutrophils, increased transiently soon after intradermal
      injection of 0.5 mg of Fraction 3. These results suggest that regression of the
      left non-injected tumor was due to an immune reaction, involving induction of
      cytotoxic cells in the spleen, and the release of chemotactic factors in the
      distant tumor.

PMID- 9950103
TI  - Contribution of cytokines on the suppression of lung metastasis.
AB  - Weekly injection of a protein-bound polysaccharide PSK in mice with Lewis Lung
      Cancer (LLC) significantly decreased the number of lung metastatic foci
      concomitant with enhancement of cytostatic activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage
      (BAL) cells. These effects were more marked when the agent was given
      intratracheally, inducing a larger number of pulmonary macrophages, lymphocytes
      and neutrophils concomitant with increases in BAL tumor necrosis factor-alpha
      (TNF-alpha), mouse inflammatory protein-alpha (MIP-1alpha), mouse inflammatory
      protein-beta (MIP-1beta), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL
      6), but not interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Pre-treatment with
      anti TNF-alpha antibody reduced these effects. The time course and production of
      PSK-induced cytokines were similar between the tumor-bearing mice and control
      mice. BAL neutrophils in mice with LLC showed a tendency toward acceleration of
      O2- production compared with circulating neutrophils. Pulmonary macrophage
      phagocytosis was also significantly higher in the LLC mice. These results suggest
      that enhancement of cytostasis appears to be induced by activation and/or
      improvement of function in inflammatory and immune cells through cytokines under
      immunomodulator treatment in lung metastasis, possibly via a TNF-alpha-dependent
      mechanism.

PMID- 9950104
TI  - Elevated serum level of thioredoxin in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
AB  - Thioredoxin (TRX) is known to contain an active site with a redox-active
      disulfide and has various biological activities. The objective of the present
      study was to investigate whether circulating TRX levels are elevated in patients
      with chronic hepatitis (CH) or liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma
      (HCC). An anti-TRX monoclonal antibody and polyclonal antibodies that
      specifically recognize TRX, were generated and used for the development of an
      ELISA system to measure TRX levels in human serum. The geometric mean and its 95%
      confidence interval of serum level of TRX in healthy volunteers was 81.75 ng/ml
      (74.60-89.59 ng/ml). The serum level of TRX in LC/CH patients without HCC was
      80.87 ng/ml (69.66-93.88 ng/ml). The value was not statistically different from
      that in serum from normal volunteers (p=0.69). In contrast, the serum level of
      TRX in patients with HCC was 147.35 ng/ml (125.53-172.96 ng/ml), which was
      significantly higher when compared with the level in serum of normal volunteers
      (p<0.001) and in serum of LC/CH patients without HCC (p<0.001). In four patients
      with HCC, the initially high level of serum TRX (>150 ng/ml) decreased below 150
      ng/ml after surgical removal of the tumor. The data reported herein revealed that
      patients with HCC had a significantly elevated serum level of TRX, suggesting
      that measurement of serum of TRX might be a useful clinical parameter when HCC is
      suspected.

PMID- 9950105
TI  - Cytokine effect on ex vivo expansion of haemopoietic stem cells from different
      human sources.
AB  - Human pluripotential stem cells (PSC) are currently the target for
      transplantation attempts and genetic manipulation. We have therefore investigated
      the frequency and the expansion potential of PSC's in different types of blood
      samples. CD 34+ cells were thus obtained from human bone marrow (BM), as well as
      from peripheral blood (PB) and cord blood (CB) samples. After immuno-magnetic
      separation the highest yields of CD 34+ cells were from BM (1.08-2.25%) and CB
      (0.42-1.32%) while PB samples gave much lower values. Suspension cultures of
      PSC's from the three sources were then set up, in the presence of combinations of
      haemopoietic growth factors. A remarkable amplification of the nucleated cell
      pool was observed reaching a maximum between 10 and 15 days of culture; earliest
      and maximum expansion (up to 220-fold) was achieved when Erythropoietin (Epo) was
      added to the culture medium, but this resulted in reduction of colony-forming
      cells and differentiation into erythroid progenitors. Clonogenic tests for BFU
      E's derived colonies showed a peak value at 5 days of liquid culture. Further
      studies are advisable to establish the best cytokine combination for a valuable
      ex vivo expansion, coupled with preservation of stem cell properties.

PMID- 9950106
TI  - Canalplasty for chronic tympanic membrane atelectasis.
AB  - PURPOSE: Canalplasty to prevent accumulation of squamous debris has been proposed
      as an alternative to tympanoplasty for the treatment of tympanic membrane
      atelectasis and early cholesteatoma. The goal of this article is to report our
      experience with canalplasty for the treatment of advanced middle ear atelectasis.
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on all patients that
      underwent tympanoplasty or canalplasty at the University of Florida since 1992.
      Eight ears (seven patients) with severe atelectasis were found to have been
      treated with canalplasty (without middle ear reconstruction) to marsupialize the
      retraction pockets. RESULTS: Follow-up was conducted at an average of 22 months.
      Four ears required repeat surgical intervention after an average of 12 months:
      three required canal wall down mastoidectomies for cholesteatoma, and a
      tympanoplasty was necessary in one case for persistent perforation. Four ears not
      requiring revision were without cholesteatoma or perforation at an average follow
      up time of 26 months. Mean audiometric thresholds were stable or improved,
      irrespective of the need for revision surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Canalplasty may be an
      alternative for the treatment of atelectasis in selected patients; however, close
      follow-up after surgery is necessary because of the potential for progression to
      cholesteatoma.

PMID- 9950107
TI  - Azithromycin versus amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of acute sinusitis.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of a 3-day course of
      azithromycin with a 10-day course of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in the treatment
      of acute sinusitis in adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred adult patients
      with acute sinusitis were included in an open, randomized study. Clinical
      diagnosis of sinusitis was confirmed by nasal endoscopy, sinus radiography, and
      (when possible) by culture of sinus aspirate. Patients were randomized to receive
      azithromycin (500 mg once daily for 3 days) or amoxicillin/clavulanate (625 mg
      every 8 hours for 10 days). RESULTS: A significantly faster resolution of signs
      and symptoms of sinusitis was observed in the azithromycin-treated patients. By
      the end of therapy (days 10-12), 95% of the patients in the azithromycin group
      and 74% in the amoxicillin/clavulanate group were cured. The remaining patients'
      conditions were improved. By the follow-up visit, cure was achieved in 98% of the
      azithromycin-treated patients, and 91% of the amoxicillin/clavulanate-treated
      patients. Treatment failure was observed in three patients from the
      amoxicillin/clavulanate group, and relapse occurred in one patient from each
      group. Bacteriologic eradication was achieved in 23 of 23 and 21 of 24 patients
      treated with azithromycin and amoxicillin/clavulanate, respectively. Both drugs
      were well tolerated. Two patients (4%) from the azithromycin group and five
      patients (10%) from the amoxicillin/clavulanate group reported mild
      gastrointestinal disturbances. CONCLUSIONS: In adults with acute sinusitis, a 3
      day course of azithromycin was as effective and well tolerated as a 10-day course
      of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. A significantly simpler dosage regimen and faster
      clinical effect were the advantages of azithromycin.

PMID- 9950108
TI  - Otorrhea after grommet insertion for middle ear effusion in patients with
      nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
AB  - PURPOSE: To document the incidence of complications after myringotomy and grommet
      insertion in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The focus is on the
      incidence of otorrhea and perforation. The possible risk factors for these
      conditions and treatment response were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We
      reviewed the records on 206 ears of 163 patients who suffered from nasopharyngeal
      carcinoma and underwent myringotomy and grommet insertion in a 7-year period. The
      follow-up period ranged from 4 weeks to 78 months (median, 9 months). RESULTS:
      The overall incidence of otorrhea in these ears was 38%. Patients with
      nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) had a significantly high incidence of
      postoperative discharge (chi2 test, P<.0001) compared with other patients who
      underwent myringotomy and grommet insertion. The mean interval between
      myringotomy and otorrhea was 19.8 weeks. Forty-seven per cent of the ears with a
      discharge developed otorrhea within 1 month. In 42%, the otorrhea responded to
      treatment and the ears became dry. After extrusion of the grommet, 29% of those
      ears with otorrhea ended with an eardrum perforation, and 24% of the ears showed
      recurrent effusion. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with NPC who underwent myringotomy,
      there was a significant risk of otorrhea (49%) and persistent perforation (29%),
      and these complications were difficult to manage. We conclude that myringotomy
      and grommet insertion should not be routinely offered to NPC patients with middle
      ear effusion.

PMID- 9950110
TI  - The treatment of macroglossia before the 20th century.

PMID- 9950109
TI  - Otolaryngologic complications of the anterior approach to the cervical spine.
AB  - PURPOSE: To review current literature regarding otolaryngologic complications of
      the anterior approach to the cervical spine with the focus on the etiology,
      diagnosis, and treatment of these disorders. METHODS: A review of literature from
      the introduction of anterior cervical surgery (late 1950s) to the present was
      conducted by using computer databases and bibliographies of appropriate journal
      articles and texts. Key words included "anterior cervical surgery," "dysphagia,"
      "surgical complications," and "hoarseness." CONCLUSION: Dysphagia and dysphonia
      are common conditions following anterior cervical fusion, and patients should be
      counseled on this risk preoperatively. The etiologies of these problems have not
      been clearly elucidated, and these complications are frequently underreported or
      ignored. Otolaryngologic consultation should be obtained for all patients with
      dysphagia or dysphonia that persists longer than 1 to 2 months, and consideration
      should be given to having all patients at risk (previously operated patients)
      evaluated both preoperatively and postoperatively.

PMID- 9950111
TI  - Management of patients after elective carotid artery resection.

PMID- 9950112
TI  - Wegener's granulomatosis presenting as facial palsy.

PMID- 9950113
TI  - Major vascular injuries in children undergoing myringotomy for tube placement.

PMID- 9950114
TI  - Management of buccal space tumors by rhytidectomy approach with superficial
      musculoaponeurotic system reconstruction.
AB  - PURPOSE: To show that the rhytidectomy approach without a submandibular limb can
      be successfully used for excision of buccal space tumors and how this technique
      allows reconstruction of the contour defect associated with tumor extirpation by
      utilization of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) interposition.
      PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five cases of buccal space tumors are presented: two
      accessory lobe of parotid tumors, one parotid duct cyst, one nodular fasciitis of
      anterior masseter, and one lymphoma. RESULTS: Rhytidectomy approach without a
      submandibular limb incision afforded adequate exposure to the tumors with
      excellent cosmetic results. Furthermore, SMAS interposition, which was allowed
      through this technique, ameliorated the contour defect created. CONCLUSION:
      Rhytidectomy approach with SMAS interposition is effective for management of
      buccal space tumors.

PMID- 9950115
TI  - Nasopharyngeal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in patients infected
      with the human immunodeficiency virus.

PMID- 9950116
TI  - Middle ear capillary hemangioma in an infant.

PMID- 9950117
TI  - Aminoglycoside-induced deafness associated with the mitochondrial DNA mutation
      A1555G.

PMID- 9950118
TI  - Pneumoparotitis: diagnosis by computed tomography.

PMID- 9950119
TI  - Laparoscopic splenectomy: evolution and current status.
AB  - The aim of this review is to assess the indications for, and surgical approach
      to, laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) and to propose a recommendation for the
      surgical approach to LS. The reports of LS were reviewed with a detailed analysis
      of indications, surgical technique, and clinical outcome. Thirty-two articles
      including a total of 643 patients (549 adults and 94 children) were published
      between August 1994 and May 1997, with a mean of 20 cases per report. LS is
      recommended if the spleen has a maximum diameter of 20 cm. Compared to the open
      procedure, there are fewer perioperative complications, less morbidity, and a
      shorter hospital stay. The disadvantages of LS are longer operation times and
      less sensitivity in identifying accessory spleens. LS is not the operation of
      choice for hypersplenism and traumatic splenic injury.

PMID- 9950120
TI  - Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism: clinical experience in 12
      patients.
AB  - Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become a viable option for removal of small
      adrenal neoplasms. We present our initial experience of this operation for
      primary aldosteronism. In this prospective study, 12 consecutive patients with
      primary aldosteronism were operated on laparoscopically by one surgeon. Operative
      time, blood loss, postoperative pain, complications, hospital stay, convalescence
      time, and outcome were analyzed. Five right-sided and seven left-sided
      adrenalectomies were performed in six female and six male patients with a mean
      age of 51 years. The mean operative time was 126 minutes. All procedures were
      successfully carried out laparoscopically. No major complications occurred. All
      patients turned normokalemic and the medication for hypertension could be stopped
      or diminished in all cases. The mean hospital stay was 3.4 days, and the mean
      sick leave was 13 days. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy seems to be a safe and
      effective treatment for primary aldosteronism and should be considered the
      operation of choice.

PMID- 9950121
TI  - Stoppa-type laparoscopic repair of complex groin defects.
AB  - With the laparoscopic approach, bilateral and complex groin defects can be
      corrected simultaneously by applying a preperitoneal mesh that covers the entire
      posterior wall of the groin, using a technique similar to the one described by
      Stoppa. We present our series of hernias repaired by the transabdominal
      preperitoneal laparoscopic approach with the Stoppa-type technique. The report
      consists of 78 cases of bilateral defects, of which 60% were indirect bilateral
      hernias, 23% direct bilateral, and 17% combined defects; 28.5% were recurrent
      hernias. Only minor complications were observed (hematomas and urinary retention)
      in some patients, but all resolved spontaneously. Three recurrences (0.7%) have
      been seen to this date. This method is recommended as the method of choice for
      complex groin defects.

PMID- 9950122
TI  - Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing laparoscopic and open
      appendectomy.
AB  - We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether laparoscopic or open
      appendectomy gives better outcomes for patients with suspected acute
      appendicitis. Studies were selected from the MEDLINE database, personal files,
      and meeting abstracts. Eleven of 21 randomized controlled trials were included in
      the meta-analysis. Pooled effect size estimates were calculated using a random
      effects model. Laparoscopic appendectomy reduced time to full functioning by 5.48
      days (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.70 to 7.26; p < 0.001), improved
      postoperative pain at 24 hours measured by a visual analog scale from 0 to 10 by
      1.19 points (95% CI -2.14 to -0.24 points; p=0.014), and decreased the absolute
      risk for wound infection by 3.2% (95% CI -5.6% to -0. 8%; p=0.009). Operating
      time was increased by 17.12 min (95% CI 14.19 to 20.03; p < 0.0001). There was no
      difference between the two surgeries for length of hospital stay, readmission
      rate, and intra-abdominal abscess formation. Laparoscopic appendectomy improves
      patient outcomes.

PMID- 9950124
TI  - A disposable sealing device (Dispo-sand) for conversion between pneumoperitoneum
      and minilaparotomy.
AB  - During laparoscopic procedures, minilaparotomy is a safe technique for removal of
      large specimens and for the performance of complicated procedures. However, it is
      time consuming and troublesome to close the minilaparotomy to recreate the
      pneumoperitoneum. We describe a new device (Dispo-sand) that enables instant
      conversion between pneumoperitoneum and minilaparotomy.

PMID- 9950123
TI  - Does laparoscopy reduce the incidence of unnecessary appendicectomies?
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic appendicectomy
      on the incidence of histologically normal appendices. Between 1987 and 1997,
      1,220 patients (average age 23.5 years [17-73]; 841 women [69%]) had
      appendicectomy due to the presence of at least one of the following three
      criteria: right iliac fossa guarding, fever >38 degrees C, and leukocytosis
      >10,000. Patients were divided into two groups: one group of 930 patients were
      operated on using the classic Mac Burney approach and the other group of 355
      patients underwent laparoscopic exploration, with an appendicectomy performed if
      macroscopic abnormalities were observed (290 cases). In all cases, the appendices
      were examined blind and classified as normal or pathologic, with the latter
      divided with respect to the nature and severity of the lesions. In the Mac Burney
      group, the incidence of histologically normal appendices was 25.1%. In the
      laparoscopic group, the incidence was only 8.2% (p=0.015). The types of
      pathologic appendices were identical between the two groups. In 65 cases (18.3%),
      a macroscopically normal appendix was left in place. In 56 cases the symptoms
      were due to another identified cause, however, in 10 cases no cause was found.
      All patients were followed-up for an average of 3 years. One patient (1.8%) had a
      second operation (an appendicectomy), which revealed minor histologic lesions.
      The problem is the inability of the operator to differentiate between a healthy
      and a pathologic appendix on laparoscopy. The risk of false-positives and false
      negatives is approximately 10%. Diagnostic difficulties usually occur in the
      initial phase of the disease with acute mucosal involvement in a morphologically
      normal appendix. At this stage the outcome cannot be predicted, although
      appropriate antibiotic treatment can be effective. This study shows that
      laparoscopy significantly reduces the number of histologically normal appendices
      as compared to a conventional Mac Burney operation. This can only be achieved by
      not removing macroscopically normal appendices, a small proportion of which (5
      10%) could be cases of early appendicitis with only mucosal involvement. In the
      absence of other causes of the symptoms, a 3-day course of antibiotics can be
      tried to treat possible mucosal lesions. This approach reduces costs without
      having adverse consequences on the outcome.

PMID- 9950125
TI  - Experimental laparoscopic aortobifemoral bypass with end-to-side aortic
      anastomosis.
AB  - The goal of this animal experiment was to demonstrate the feasibility of
      laparoscopic end-to-side aortic anastomosis, which is mandatory in certain cases
      presenting with aortoiliac occlusive disease. Six piglets were submitted to
      laparoscopic approach of the aortoiliac vessels using the "apron" technique.
      After clamping the infrarenal aorta with a laparoscopic Satinsky clamp, a 3-cm
      end-to-side laparoscopic aortic anastomosis was constructed. Mean operative and
      dissection times were 198 (170-240) and 92 (75-105) min, respectively, with a
      mean blood loss of 86 (50-120) mL. Mean preoperative and postoperative
      hematocrits were 38 (3448) and 38 (34-46). Aortic cross-clamp and anastomotic
      times were 51 (40-65) and 44 (35-60) min, respectively. No extra sutures were
      needed to secure the anastomoses. At autopsy, all the anastomoses were patent
      without stenoses. Results indicate the feasibility of laparoscopic aortobifemoral
      bypass with an end-to-side aortic anastomosis.

PMID- 9950126
TI  - Thoracoscopic surgery in a general surgical service.
AB  - Following the great success and wide acceptance of laparoscopic surgery, the mini
      invasive approach has been adopted for use in thoracic surgery. Thoracoscopic
      surgery is gaining acceptability as the procedure of choice for the treatment of
      recurrent pneumothorax and bullous lung disease, peripheral benign and malignant
      lesions, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, mediastinal and pleural lesions,
      esophageal surgery, and major pulmonary resections for primary lung tumors. We
      present the 4-year experience of a general surgery service that extended the use
      of its advanced laparoscopic skills to the performance of thoracoscopic surgery
      in 80 patients. Using thoracoscopy, we performed biopsy or excision of pulmonary
      lesions (23 patients), spontaneous pneumothorax (14 patients), thoracic
      sympathectomy (41 patients), and Heller's esophagomyotomy and pericardiotomy (1
      patient each). The results are excellent, and we believe the procedures presented
      in this series, and similar ones, can be accomplished safely and successfully by
      well-trained laparoscopic surgeons.

PMID- 9950127
TI  - Laparoscopy for chronic abdominal pain.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of exploratory
      laparoscopy in patients with chronic abdominal pain. Forty-six patients underwent
      diagnostic laparoscopy for abdominal pain of unknown origin during 1992-1996. The
      average duration of the symptoms was 3.5 years. Patients with known malignancy
      were excluded. Seventy-two percent of the patients had undergone previous
      abdominal or groin surgery. An organic disease was found in 68% of the
      laparoscopies. Adhesions were found in 29 patients, inguinal hernia in 2
      patients, and abnormal mesenteric lymph nodes in 1 patient. Adhesiolysis was
      carried out in 24 patients. Eighty-nine percent of patients could be contacted
      for follow-up. Mean follow-up time was 19 months. Seventy-seven percent of
      patients who had undergone adhesiolysis considered the result good or beneficial.
      Sixty percent of all patients reported a beneficial outcome after laparoscopy. No
      major complications were noted. This retrospective study suggests that
      laparoscopy is a safe and useful procedure in the diagnosis and treatment of
      chronic abdominal pain.

PMID- 9950128
TI  - The intravenous catheter at McBurney's point.
AB  - The manipulation of the inflamed appendix during laparoscopic surgery and
      avoiding its disintegration or leakage can be challenging even to experts. A
      suture loop form through an intravenous catheter may offer the least traumatic
      handling of the appendix, and it serves the extra benefit of leaving no scar.
      Furthermore, multiple loops can be formed conveniently and economically by a
      single long suture material. It can also ensure snaring at the very base of the
      appendix. We attempted this technique in 15 patients with 14 successful
      operations; there was great patient satisfaction and there were no surgical
      complications. Difficulty was encountered only when the surgeon tried to loop the
      buried appendix tip that cannot be delivered by one-hand manipulation.

PMID- 9950129
TI  - Laparoscopic gastrectomy in the porcine model: our initial experience with a new
      hand-assist device.
AB  - Many advanced laparoscopic cases remain technically difficult and are less widely
      accepted. To a great extent, advanced laparoscopic surgery is handicapped by the
      loss of a surgeon's tactile sense. The concept of introducing the surgeon's hand
      as an aid to minimally invasive surgery has been described. We report a new hand
      assist device designed to allow the introduction of the surgeon's hand, wrist,
      and forearm through a small incision in the abdomen to assist laparoscopic
      surgery with pneumoperitoneum. Important factors in the hand-assist design are
      ease of use, reliable maintenance of pneumoperitoneum, and minimal hand/arm
      fatigue, which were met with this device.

PMID- 9950130
TI  - Laparoscopic surgery assisted by a transvaginal approach.
AB  - We used laparoscopic surgery assisted by a transvaginal approach for
      gastrointestinal diseases. In the first case, a huge submucosal tumor enucleated
      laparoscopically from the minor curvature of the stomach was extracted through
      the vagina. In the second case, partial resection of the rectum to treat rectal
      endometriosis was performed laparoscopically with the assistance of manual
      handling inserted transvaginally. Although it can be applied only to female
      patients, especially to multipara, the vagina as an access point to the abdominal
      cavity can be widely used for various purposes in laparoscopic surgery.

PMID- 9950131
TI  - Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication complicated by late gastroesophageal
      herniation and intrathoracic perforation: a case report with review of the
      literature.
AB  - We report the case of a 38-year-old man who, 2 weeks after a laparoscopic Nissen
      fundoplication, was referred to our Unit because of acute wrap herniation and
      intrathoracic gastric perforation. Although both of these complications have
      already been described, this is the first case in which they have occurred
      simultaneously and not as an immediate consequence of the operation.
      Intraoperative findings suggested that diaphragmatic crura had not been
      reapproximated and that the gastric wrap had not been fixed to them. This
      observation and the fact that immediately after hospital discharge the patient
      had sustained intense physical efforts can explain acute wrap herniation.
      Placement of full-thickness sutures may account for gastric perforation. These
      pathogenetic determinants and their preventive measures are discussed in the
      light of a review of the literature.

PMID- 9950132
TI  - Enterocutaneous fistula as a postoperative complication of laparoscopic inguinal
      hernia repair.
AB  - Trocar injuries to the small bowel during laparoscopic hernia repair are a rare
      complication, the most common complications being postoperative neuralgias,
      scrotal swelling, scrotal ecchymosis, and hematoma. A 15-year-old boy was
      admitted 5 days status-post transabdominal laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair of
      a symptomatic right pantaloon hernia, with signs and symptoms of a retrocecal
      abscess. Despite laparotic intervention and appendectomy, the next 2 years passed
      with almost daily, purulent, right lower quadrant wound drainage, in an otherwise
      asymptomatic patient. Superficial wound exploration and sinogram in 1996 revealed
      a sinus tract in direct communication with the small bowel. Elective laparotomy
      in December 1997 involved a successful resection of a 2.5-cm fistula with
      involved mesh, and the communicating small bowel through a midline incision,
      followed by a primary closure of the small-bowel opening. The patient has
      recovered without complications.

PMID- 9950133
TI  - Right-sided colonic diverticulitis mimicking acute cholecystitis in pregnancy:
      case report and laparoscopic treatment.
AB  - Right-sided colonic diverticulitis is an uncommon disorder that most frequently
      mimics appendicitis. During pregnancy, displacement of the diseased cecum and
      ascending colon into the right upper quadrant may result in symptomatology that
      mimics cholecystitis. A 37-year-old white woman with a history of previous benign
      incidental appendectomy presented at 20 weeks' gestation with right upper
      abdominal pain and nausea for 2 days. Significant findings included local rebound
      tenderness and palpable fullness over the gallbladder, leukocytosis, and low
      grade fever, but otherwise unremarkable routine serum laboratory test results and
      sonographic evidence of biliary tract disease. Cholescintigraphy was rejected by
      the patient. Persistence of symptoms for 3 hospital days despite administration
      of broad-spectrum parenteral antibiotics prompted surgical intervention.
      Laparoscopy demonstrated a normal-appearing gall-bladder and an acutely infected,
      solitary diverticulum of the midascending colon with adhesions to the omentum and
      to the parietal peritoneum near the gallbladder. Adhesiolysis, omental biopsy,
      and peritoneal drainage were performed endoscopically. The patient recovered
      uneventfully and delivered vaginally at term without fetal or maternal
      complications. Right-sided colonic diverticulitis may present during pregnancy
      and may mimic symptoms of acute cholecystitis. Laparoscopic treatment of a
      solitary, acutely infected colonic diverticulum is feasible in this setting.

PMID- 9950134
TI  - Laparoscopic port site metastasis of an undetected primary tumor.
AB  - A 50-year-old woman presented with an adenocarcinoma at a port site of a previous
      laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A thorough investigation and exploratory laparotomy
      with excision of the tumor failed to detect its origin.

PMID- 9950135
TI  - VATS-stepwise resection of a giant bulla in an oxygen-dependent patient.
AB  - We report a case of a giant bulla in a 16-year-old boy who was oxygen and
      wheelchair dependent. He had been diagnosed with Marfan's syndrome and had severe
      kyphoscoliosis. The giant bulla occupying his entire left thoracic cavity
      compressed the contralateral lung. Until referral to our hospital, a bullectomy
      had been deferred during the preceding 5 years because of his poor pulmonary
      function and severe chest wall deformity. The patient was considered a candidate
      for thoracoscopic bullectomy. A stepwise resection technique was used. First, the
      bulla should be emptied by aspiration or wall perforation. Second, the redundant
      wall of the bulla should be resected by a looped ligation without opening the
      cavity. Third, a stapled resection of the downsized bulla should be performed.
      After a successful bullectomy, his subjective symptoms and pulmonary function
      improved. The reduction of the bulla makes bullectomy easily and decreases the
      number of staplers, and reduces operating time compared with opening the bulla
      and suturing it. Therefore, when treating a giant bulla, we recommend a stepwise
      resection technique.

PMID- 9950136
TI  - Laparoscopic treatment of duodenal diverticulum.
AB  - A patient with a history of intermittent and intense pain in the upper abdomen
      secondary to an ulcer of a duodenal diverticulum underwent laparoscopic
      treatment. The diverticulum measured 2.5 cm in diameter and it was located on the
      lateral wall of the second portion of the duodenum. The diverticulum was inverted
      and the duodenal muscular defect was closed with interrupted sutures. Ambulation
      and a clear liquid diet was started on the same day as the operation, and the
      patient was discharged on the first postoperative day.

PMID- 9950138
TI  - Argon beam coagulation in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax.

PMID- 9950137
TI  - Endo-organ and laparoscopic management of gastric leiomyomas.
AB  - Various techniques have been reported for the laparoscopic treatment of benign
      gastric lesions, depending on the site of the lesion. Recently, a new technique
      of endo-organ gastric surgery has been developed that is particular useful for
      the treatment of lesions on the posterior gastric wall. We report on two patients
      with submucosal gastric tumors. A 79-year-old man was found to have a submucosal
      tumor near the esophagogastric junction in the posterior wall of the stomach.
      Endosonography suggested that the tumor was a gastric leiomyoma. Under endoscopic
      guidance, three ports were inserted into the stomach and the tumor could be
      successfully enucleated. A 78-year-old woman was found to have a 2 x 1-cm
      submucosal tumor at the anterior wall of the antrum. The tumor was successfully
      removed by laparoscopic gastrotomy and resection. The various laparoscopic
      techniques for the treatment of gastric lesions are discussed.

PMID- 9950139
TI  - Placental biogenic amine transporters: in vivo function, regulation and
      pathobiological significance.
AB  - The biogenic amine transporters are part of a large family of plasma membrane
      transporters. These carriers mediate the re-uptake of neurotransmitters from the
      synaptic cleft and plasma compartments. Re-uptake process is inhibited by drugs
      like cocaine, fluoxetine and tricyclic antidepressants. There are specific
      transporters for norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. The
      placenta expresses the norepinephrine and serotonin transporters, which is
      unusual as they are otherwise expressed predominantly in neuronal tissue. Fetal
      catecholamine clearance rate is higher than under any other physiological
      conditions and is mediated in large measure by the placental transporters. The
      high intrauterine catecholamine secretion and clearance rates are part of the
      unique fetal neuroendocrine milieu. They condition the fetus to a high capacity
      for catecholamine secretion in the early postnatal period when elevated
      sympathoadrenal system activity is vital for postnatal survival. Because of the
      prominent catecholamine clearance rate, the fetus is vulnerable to the adverse
      effects of re-uptake inhibitors. Understanding the mechanisms of expression and
      regulation of placental biogenic amine transporters is important to the
      pathobiology of fetal conditions associated with elevated catecholamine levels or
      intrauterine exposure to uptake inhibitors like cocaine.

PMID- 9950141
TI  - Secretory type II PLA2 immunoreactivity and PLA2 enzymatic activity in human
      gestational tissues before, during and after spontaneous-onset labour at term.
AB  - Arachidonic acid mobilization by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and subsequent
      prostaglandin synthesis is thought to be a pivotal event in the onset and/or
      maintenance of human labour. The purpose of this study was to quantify secretory
      PLA2 (sPLA2) and non-secretory PLA2 enzymatic activity and type II sPLA2
      immunoreactivity in human gestational tissues before, during and after labour of
      spontaneous onset. Placental tissue and fetal membranes were collected from women
      before, during and after spontaneous-onset labour at term and stored at - 80
      degrees C. PLA2 activity in supernatants was quantified by radiolabelled
      substrate assay (14C-phosphatidylethanolamine) with and without 12.5 mm
      dithiothreitol (DTT) to separate enzymatic activity contributed by secretory and
      non-secretory PLA2 components. Immunoreactive type II PLA2 in supernatants was
      determined by a monoclonal, non-competitive sandwich ELISA. Total PLA2 enzymatic
      activity in amnion, choriodecidua and placenta was not significantly different
      before, during and after labour (n=18-20). Likewise, non-secretory enzymatic
      activity was not significantly different before (n=9), during (n=10) and after
      labour (n=9) in any of the three types of gestational tissue examined. Although
      immunoreactive type II PLA2 was significantly higher in the placenta (P<0.01)
      compared to amnion and choriodecidua, there was no significant difference in
      immunoreactive type II PLA2 within each tissue group according to labour status
      (n=18-20). Overall, no change in PLA2 secretory or non-secretory enzymatic
      activity or immunoreactive type II PLA2 could be detected throughout the
      peripartum period.

PMID- 9950140
TI  - Interconversion of cortisol and cortisone by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases
      type 1 and 2 in the perfused human placenta.
AB  - The human placenta contains two types of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      (11beta-HSD). The exclusive oxidase 11beta-HSD2 has been suggested to protect the
      fetus from high levels of maternal glucocorticoids by converting cortisol to
      inactive cortisone. Perfused term human placenta was used to examine the activity
      of the oxoreductase 11beta-HSD1 and to determine the regulation of cortisol
      effects on placental vascular tone and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
      output by 11beta-HSD. Radioimmunoassay showed that there was substantial cortisol
      (295+/-57 nM) detected in the fetal vein upon perfusion of cortisol (2 microM;
      perfusion rate, 12 ml/min) into the maternal intervillous space. Output of
      cortisol increased to 559+/-22 nM on the fetal side (P<0.05) with concurrent
      perfusion of carbenoxolone (CBX; 1 microM), a non-specific 11beta-HSD inhibitor.
      Cortisol formation increased in a dose-dependent manner with infusion of
      cortisone (0.1-2 microM) into the maternal intervillous space reaching 15 and 23
      nM in fetal and maternal venous outflows respectively at 2 microM cortisone
      perfusion. There was no significant effect of cortisol either alone or in
      combination with CBX on the fetal arterial perfusion pressure, but cortisol
      perfusion increased CRH output into the fetal vein. It is concluded that
      activities of both 11beta-HSD1 and -2 are demonstrable in perfused human placenta
      in vitro, and these enzymes affect transplacental glucocorticoid transfer. These
      activities may provide a precise mechanism to control the passage of maternal
      glucocorticoids to the fetal circulation, and to regulate glucocorticoid effects
      within the placenta.

PMID- 9950142
TI  - Distribution of interleukin-1 receptors in term human fetal membranes and
      decidua.
AB  - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a dimorphic cytokine that acts on target cells through
      high-affinity receptors, type I and type II. It has been implicated in the onset
      of term and preterm labour with associated intrauterine infection. To define
      better the potential action of this cytokine in the human fetal membranes and
      decidua, the objective of this study was to define the type(s) of IL-1 receptors
      present in the tissues at term, examine the tissue and cellular distribution of
      the receptor(s) and determine if there were any changes in their expression or
      distribution with the onset of labour. Tissues were obtained following elective
      caesarean section (n=12) or normal labour delivery (n=11). Paraffin embedded and
      frozen sections were examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization
      for evidence of the type I and type II receptors and their corresponding mRNAs.
      In all tissues studied the type I receptor was localized mainly to the decidua
      and the type II receptor was localized to the decidua and scattered cells in the
      amnion-chorion mesenchymal layer. In situ hybridization localized type I receptor
      mRNAs and type II receptor mRNAs to the decidua. The type I and type II receptor
      protein in the decidua showed a similar pattern of staining as that found for CD
      68, a macrophage marker. The pattern of receptor expression and distribution was
      unrelated to the mode of delivery. No evidence for the presence of the type I or
      type II receptor or their mRNAs in the amnion epithelial cells or chorion laeve
      trophoblast was found.

PMID- 9950143
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and
      its two specific receptors, Flt-1 and KDR, in the porcine placenta and non
      pregnant uterus.
AB  - Placental angiogenesis and growth are crucial elements in embryonic and later
      fetal development. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its specific
      receptors Flt-1 (VEGFR-1) and KDR (VEGFR-2) compose potent ligand receptor
      systems involved in angiogenesis and microvascular hyperpermeability. In the
      present immunohistochemical study, VEGF, Flt-1 and KDR were localized in uterus
      of cyclic non-pregnant pigs and in the porcine epitheliochorial placenta
      throughout gestation. Emphasis was placed on early gestational stages, where
      morphological studies have demonstrated extensive angiogenesis during initial
      placentation. The results revealed a high correlation in spatiotemporal
      distribution between the ligand and its receptors and a surprising demonstration
      of VEGF receptors in several non-endothelial cells. In non-pregnant pigs, VEGF,
      Flt-1 and KDR exhibited moderate to intense staining in uterine luminal
      epithelium and smooth muscle cells of the vessel walls. Endothelial cells of
      arteries and arterioles revealed labelling for Flt-1 and KDR, whereas the uterine
      glandular epithelium displayed intense KDR immunoreactivity at the late luteal
      phase. During gestation the uterine luminal epithelium demonstrated weak ligand
      and receptor immunostaining in the first half of early gestation [< or = 21 days
      post coitus (p.c.)], whereas later stages (> or = 21 days p.c.) displayed intense
      immunolabelling. Endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells of the vessel walls and
      uterine glandular epithelium revealed intense ligand and receptor
      immunoreactivity throughout gestation. In the fetal part of the placenta, VEGF,
      Flt-1 and KDR immunostaining displayed moderate to intense reactivity in the
      trophoblast throughout gestation, except during the second half of early
      gestation (days 21-30 p.c.). Fetal vessel walls were also immunopositive for
      VEGF, Flt-1 and KDR. Taken together, the results imply that the VEGF, Flt-1 and
      KDR ligand receptor system participate in the regulations of porcine placentation
      and that it in addition to its angiogenic properties also may influence the
      cellular differentiation and transport capabilities in uterine luminal as well as
      glandular epithelium and the trophoblast.

PMID- 9950144
TI  - A lectin binding analysis of glycosylation patterns during development of the
      equine placenta.
AB  - The glycosylation of the equine interhaemal barrier and areola was studied
      throughout the period of gestation. Placentae of 35, 37, 50, 119, 152, 200, 280
      and 300 days gestation were investigated, using semithin plastic embedded
      sections and a panel of 15 biotinylated lectins with an avidin-peroxidase
      revealing system. Glycosylation of the trophoblast and maternal epithelium showed
      the most change during the first 50 days of gestation, being associated with the
      initial stages of adhesion and attachment. In the trophoblast, non-bisected
      tri/tetraantennary complex N-glycan was only evident after day 37 and terminal N
      acetyl galactosamine, alpha2,3- and alpha2,6-linked sialic acids disappeared at
      the same time. The areolar trophoblast exhibited some differences from
      microcotyledonary areas, especially with respect to 2-deoxy, 2-acetamido alpha
      galactose and tri/tetraantennary, non-bisected complex N-glycan, suggesting that
      the differences in function between microcotyledonary and areolar trophoblast are
      reflected at both the morphological and the biochemical level. Granules of the
      maternal uterine epithelium bound many lectins, particularly those with
      specificity for bisected and non-bisected bi/triantennary N-linked glycan, 2
      deoxy, 2-acetamido alpha-galactosyl, beta-galactosyl and some fucosylated
      termini. Binding to sialic acids in alpha2,3- and alpha2,6-linkage was sparse.
      Maternal and fetal capillaries showed little change in glycan expression over the
      period studied, being rich in bisected and non-bisected bi/triantennary N-linked
      glycan and sialic acids, with some terminal N-acetyl galactosamine and no
      detectable terminal fucosyl residues.

PMID- 9950145
TI  - Diffusive transfer of water and glucose across the chorionic plate of the
      isolated human term placenta.
AB  - This study investigated systematically the diffusive transfer of water and
      glucose across the chorionic plate of the human placenta. Isolated sections of
      human term placentae were perfused at the fetal side (open loop) with modified
      Ringer's solution (n=31). An artificial amniotic compartment was created on top
      of the chorionic plate. 3H- and 14C-labelled tracer pairs were added (donor side)
      to the fetal perfusion fluid or to the 'amniotic' fluid. Transfer fractions (TF,
      ratio of acceptor side to donor side radioactivity) were calculated as
      percentages. TF of water and L-glucose from perfusion fluid into the 'amniotic'
      fluid were 3.9+/-0.5 per cent (mean+/-SEM) and 1.2+/-0.3 per cent after 60 min
      and significantly different (n=6). In each sample of the following experiments
      the transfer fraction of the D-hexose was larger than that of the L-isomer. At 60
      min, the TF were 1.6+/-0.2 and 1.1+/-0.2 per cent (D-glucose/L-glucose; fetal to
      amniotic compartment, n=8), from amniotic compartment to fetal perfusate 0.6+/
      0.1 and 0.4+/-0.1 per cent (D-glucose/L-glucose, n=11), and 0.8+/-0.1 and 0.6+/
      0.1 per cent (3-O-methyl-D-glucose/L-glucose, n=6). The difference between the
      latter TF lost its significance after cytochalasin B (0.1-0.2 mmol/l) had been
      added to the amniotic compartment. It is concluded that a limited diffusive
      pathway across the chorionic plate of the human placenta exists and that the
      transfer of D-glucose depends in part on facilitated diffusion.

PMID- 9950146
TI  - Uptake of reverse T3 in the human choriocarcinoma cell line, JAr.
AB  - The uptake and efflux of reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) in JAr cells were
      investigated. Uptake of 125I-rT3 was time dependent and reversible with a
      saturable component of around 70 per cent of total uptake after 30 min of
      incubation. Efflux was not saturable. Kinetic analysis of the initial specific
      uptake rates revealed an uptake process with a Michaelis constant of 3.04+/-0.53
      microM (mean+/-SEM, n=15) and a corresponding maximum velocity of 9.65+/-2.49
      pmol/min/mg protein (n=15). Uptake of rT3 was stereospecific, but not specific
      for rT3, as unlabelled L stereoisomers of thyroid hormone analogues were more
      effective as inhibitors of 125I-rT3 uptake than rT3. Unlabelled T3 and thyroxine
      (T4) (10 microM) reduced cellular uptake of 125I-rT3 by around 82 and 74 per
      cent, respectively. The calculated inhibition constants Ki were 1.23+/-0.29
      microM (n=4) and 0.66+/-0.19 microM (n=4) for T3 and T4, respectively. Similarly,
      rT3 reduced cellular uptake of 125I-T3 and 125I-T4 by 34 and 23 per cent,
      respectively. The calculated inhibition constants Ki were 1.75+/-0.55 microM
      (n=8) and 1.08+/-0.36 microM (n=8) for the inhibition of 125I-T3 and 125I-T4
      uptake, respectively. Reverse T3 inhibited efflux of 125I-T3 from the cells by
      around 20 per cent, but did not inhibit efflux of 125I-T4. These results suggest
      that uptake of rT3 in JAr cells may occur via a single, saturable membrane
      carrier, which also interacts with T3 and T4, while efflux of rT3 may occur by
      passive diffusion.

PMID- 9950147
TI  - Purification and characterization of a complex from placental syncytiotrophoblast
      microvillous membranes which inhibits the proliferation of human umbilical vein
      endothelial cells.
AB  - The signs of pre-eclampsia are thought to arise from maternal endothelial
      dysfunction caused by circulating factors of placental origin.
      Syncytiotrophoblast microvillous membranes (STBM) cause endothelial disruption
      and inhibit proliferation in vitro. Significantly increased amounts of STBM can
      be detected in blood from pre-eclamptic women and could contribute to endothelial
      dysfunction in vivo. This study purified a complex from STBM which inhibits the
      proliferation of cultured human endothelial cells. Integral membrane proteins
      were solubilized with sucrose monolaurate. Anion exchange chromatography yielded
      two peaks of anti-proliferative activity. Only the second peak was specific to
      STBM and was subjected to further separation by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration
      chromatography (GFC). A single peak of specific activity eluted close to the void
      volume, at a position unaltered by added denaturing agents, guanidium chloride or
      urea. On Sephacryl S-300 GFC, two peaks were obtained of 410 and 820 kDa, with
      similar anti-proliferative activity and protein components (by SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis). The major protein bands were as integrins alpha5 and alpha
      v, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, alpha-actinin, transferrin, transferrin receptor,
      placental alkaline phosphatase and monoamine oxidase A.

PMID- 9950148
TI  - Glucose-6-phosphatase is present in normal and pre-eclamptic placental
      trophoblasts: ultrastructural enzyme-histochemical evidence.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to localize glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase)
      activity in the human placenta at various gestational stages and to compare them
      to pre-eclamptic placenta activity. Ultrastructural enzyme-histochemical analysis
      of G6Pase was performed using cerium and lead as capturing agents. Precipitates
      indicative of G6Pase activity were observed in the endoplasmic reticulum and the
      nuclear envelope of the syncytiotrophoblasts in near-term placenta obtained from
      women with normal pregnancies. In placenta taken from women with severe pre
      eclampsia, the localization pattern, enzyme activity intensity, and morphology of
      the endoplasmic reticulum did not differ from normal pregnancies. Stringent
      control experiments were performed also to ensure specific detection of G6Pase
      activity. The results indicate that cytochemically detectable G6Pase is present
      in the human placenta. This enzyme may play significant roles in carbohydrate
      metabolism in the human placenta.

PMID- 9950149
TI  - Increased placental iron regulatory protein-1 expression in diabetic pregnancies
      complicated by fetal iron deficiency.
AB  - Placental transferrin receptor (TfR) protein expression is increased in diabetic
      pregnancies that are complicated by low fetal iron stores, suggesting regulation
      of placental iron transport by fetoplacental iron status. In cell culture, iron
      homeostasis is regulated by coordinate stabilization of TfR mRNA and translation
      inactivation of ferritin mRNA by iron regulatory proteins (IRP-1 and -2) which
      bind to iron-responsive elements (IREs) on the respective mRNAs. Concentrations
      of IRP-1, IRP-2 and TfR mRNA were measured in 10 placentae obtained from diabetic
      and non-diabetic human pregnancies with a wide range of fetoplacental iron
      status. IRP-1 activity was present in human placenta and correlated closely with
      TfR mRNA concentration (r=0.82; P=0.007). IRP-2 activity and protein were not
      detected. In a second experiment, placentae were collected from 12 diabetic
      pregnancies, six with low fetal cord serum ferritin and placental non-heme iron
      concentrations, and six with normal iron status. IRP-1 activity and TfR Bmax for
      diferric transferrin were greater in the iron-deficient group (P<0.05). IRP-1
      activity correlated inversely with cord serum ferritin (r=0.75; P<0.01) and
      placental non-heme iron (r=0.61; P=0.05) concentration. Placental IRP-1 activity
      is directly related to TfR mRNA concentration and is more highly expressed in
      iron-deficient placentae. The study provides direct in vivo evidence for IRP
      regulation of TfR expression in the human placenta.

PMID- 9950150
TI  - Localization of thioredoxin reductase and thioredoxin in normal human placenta
      and their protective effect against oxidative stress.
AB  - Recent studies have indicated that oxidative stress is involved in the
      pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Oxidative stress damages systemic tissues, and
      placental damage may result in intrauterine growth retardation and fetal
      distress. Thus, this study attempted to elucidate the placental localization of
      thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, substances that may reduce oxidative
      stress. Furthermore, it studied the defence mechanism of the thioredoxin
      thioredoxin reductase system against oxidative stress in mitochondria of normal
      human placenta where reactive oxygen species are primarily produced. The
      examination of thioredoxin reductase activity in subcellular fractions of human
      placenta indicated that thioredoxin reductase was located not only in cytoplasm,
      but also in mitochondria. The existence of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase
      in human placenta was confirmed immunologically using antibodies raised against
      thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase were
      localized histochemically in cytotrophoblasts, decidua, and stromal cells in the
      stem villi. The addition of exogenous thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase to
      fumarase in mitochondria of human placenta displayed a protective effect against
      oxidative stress. In conclusion, this study confirmed the intracellular
      localization and the tissue distribution of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase
      in human placenta. Moreover, the complete thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase
      system in human placenta may protect the placenta from damage caused by oxidative
      stress.

PMID- 9950151
TI  - Globoside expression within the human placenta.
AB  - This report demonstrates the presence of the neutral glycosphingolipid,
      globoside, on the villous trophoblast layer of human placenta. Immunoreactivity
      for globoside which is the receptor used by human parvovirus B19 was strongest in
      villous trophoblast cells of first trimester placentae, with diminished
      reactivity in second trimester placentae, and a near lack of staining for the
      antigen in those of third trimester. This relative reduction in globoside
      specific immunoreactivity in placentae of increasing gestational ages was
      confirmed using thin-layer chromatographic analyses of extracted neutral
      glycolipids from the syncytiotrophoblast layer and cytotrophoblast cells of first
      and third trimester placental villi. The presence of globoside on the protective
      trophoblast layer of the villi provides a potential pathway whereby B19 may be
      transmitted from an infected mother to the fetus. The virus once across the
      placental barrier, may gain access to its erythroid precursor target cells within
      fetal villus capillaries. The observed change found in globoside immunoreactivity
      correlates well with the observation that fetal outcome is worse when maternal
      infection occurs during first or second trimester as compared to an infection
      occurring near term. The reason for this observed difference in fetal outcome may
      be due not only to the presence of more target cells potentially to infect during
      the first and second trimesters, but also to the greater number of viral
      receptors present on the villous trophoblast layer.

PMID- 9950152
TI  - Expression of endogenous retrovirus ERV-3 induces differentiation in BeWo, a
      choriocarcinoma model of human placental trophoblast.
AB  - Differentiation-related expression of endogenous retrovirus ERV-3 env in the
      normal human placental syncytiotrophoblast suggests a role in placental
      development. The choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo, a model of trophoblast
      differentiation, is maintained in an undifferentiated state and undergoes
      differentiation upon the addition of forskolin. The expression of ERV-3 env mRNA
      increased after 48 h forskolin treatment, concurrently with increased
      intercellular fusion and production of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG)
      mRNA, a hormonal differentiation marker for trophoblast. Over expression of ERV-3
      env induced differentiation of BeWo characterized by decreased cell growth,
      differentiation-related morphologic changes, and induction of beta-hCG mRNA.
      These results support the first known role for the expression of an endogenous
      retrovirus in trophoblast differentiation.

PMID- 9950154
TI  - Steam heat with an EDTA buffer and protease digestion optimizes
      immunohistochemical expression of basal cell-specific antikeratin 34betaE12 to
      discriminate cancer in prostatic epithelium.
AB  - In select cases of prostatic carcinoma, antikeratin 34betaE12 immunohistochemical
      analysis is diagnostically useful for specific labeling of basal cells. This
      antibody, however, is prone to variability in staining, and the optimal
      conditions were not, to our knowledge, previously defined. We combined steam heat
      with EDTA buffer (steam-EDTA) and protease digestion (steam-EDTA + protease) to
      optimize epitope retrieval of antikeratin 34betaE12 in 42 cases of prostatic
      cancer. Results were judged by the percentage of cells staining and by staining
      intensity. In benign epithelium, steam-EDTA + protease significantly increased
      the percentage of immunoreactive cells (from 74 to 93%) and the intensity of
      staining (from 2.1 to 3.0 on a scale of 0-3+) by comparison with protease alone
      (all P<.001). In high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, the percentage
      of cells staining increased from 55 to 73% and intensity increased from 1.7 to
      2.8 (both P<.001). Steam-EDTA + protease also minimized variability in results
      between cases, with essentially no background stromal staining. Cancer was
      negative in all of our cases by both methods. We conclude that steam-EDTA +
      protease significantly enhances basal cell immunoreactivity compared with
      protease treatment alone in noncancerous prostatic epithelium. This helps to
      prevent misinterpretation of histologic mimics of cancer, such as atrophic acini
      and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, that result from false
      negative staining.

PMID- 9950153
TI  - EGF promotes development of a differentiated trophoblast phenotype having c-myc
      and junB proto-oncogene activation.
AB  - Human placental cytotrophoblast cells differentiate by a process of fusion into a
      syncytium. This process is stimulated by EGF but also occurs spontaneously at a
      slower rate in cultured cytotrophoblast cells. To determine nuclear proto
      oncogene changes mediating these events, c-myc, c-fos, c-jun and junB were
      measured in spontaneously differentiating cells and in cells exposed to EGF. c
      myc showed a transient rise in expression at 4-8 h with augmented expression by
      EGF, occurring even in the absence of serum or attachment. c-myc and c-jun
      declined during culture, but c-fos and particularly junB showed increased
      expression by day 3 with marked responses to EGF stimulation. Syncytia induced to
      form by EGF exposure for 48 h demonstrated marked junB expression after
      rechallenge with 40 min EGF exposure, but negligible responses of c-fos and c
      jun. c-myc showed increased expression after 6 h EGF exposure throughout the
      culture period and in syncytia. The results indicate EGF promotes a syncytial
      phenotype characterized by c-fos and junB expression during syncytial formation.
      EGF continues to elicit junB and c-myc responsiveness in more mature syncytium,
      indicative of continued EGF actions which may include acting as a survival
      factor, as an hCG secretagogue, and as an inducer of continued development of the
      syncytium.

PMID- 9950155
TI  - Thyroid transcription factor-1: immunohistochemical evaluation in pulmonary
      neuroendocrine tumors.
AB  - Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), a nuclear transcription protein
      selectively expressed in the thyroid, the diencephalon, and respiratory
      epithelium, is expressed in more than 90% of pulmonary small cell carcinomas
      (SCLCs) and in almost 75% of pulmonary non-small cell carcinomas (NSCLCs), but it
      is absent in typical pulmonary carcinoids (TCs). Therefore, it was thought that
      SCLC and NSCLC might share a common lineage, different from that of TC. TTF-1
      expression in atypical pulmonary carcinoids (ACs) and large-cell neuroendocrine
      carcinomas (LCNECs) was not studied previously. We examined TTF-1 expression in
      51 TCs, 9 ACs, 8 LCNECs, and 21 SCLCs with use of formalin-fixed material and
      heat-induced epitope retrieval. TTF-1 expression was seen in 18 (35%) of 51 TCs,
      all of the 9 ACs, 6 (75%) of the 8 LCNECs, and 20 (95%) of the 21 SCLCs. These
      results reinforce earlier findings of the excellent sensitivity of TTF-1 for
      SCLC, and they show similar sensitivity for AC and LCNEC, but they argue against
      the hypothesis that SCLC and TC are of different cell lineages. The ubiquity of
      TTF-1 expression in pulmonary NECs demonstrated in this study also argues against
      its use in their subclassification.

PMID- 9950156
TI  - Desmoid tumors of the pleura: a clinicopathologic mimic of localized fibrous
      tumor.
AB  - Intrathoracic desmoid tumors of the pleura are unusual tumors that are often
      clinically and histologically confused with localized fibrous tumor of the pleura
      or benign neurogenic tumors. We studied four cases of intrathoracic desmoid tumor
      of the pleura and reviewed the clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical
      features of the four patients. Two men and two women, ranging in age from 16 to
      66 years (mean, 44 yr) comprised the study group. Three patients presented with
      chest pain and one with shortness of breath. Two patients had a history of
      associated trauma in the area of the tumor. Three of the lesions were based in
      the parietal pleura and one in the visceral pleura. Treatment included complete
      resection (two cases), subtotal resection (one case), and subtotal resection
      followed by radiation therapy and complete resection (one case). The mean tumor
      size was 12.5 cm, and all of the tumors exhibited a bosselated, firm, white, cut
      surface. The histologic features of intrathoracic desmoid tumors were similar to
      those of desmoid tumors at more conventional sites. Infiltration of the adjacent
      fat and skeletal muscle was invariably present. The tumor cells were
      immunoreactive for vimentin, desmin, smooth muscle actin, and muscle-specific
      actin in three of the four cases and were negative for S-100 protein. Follow-up
      to date shows stable residual disease at 12 months (one case) and two patients
      with no evidence of disease at 12 and 96 months, respectively. Intrathoracic
      desmoid tumors often exhibit clinical and radiographic features similar to
      localized fibrous tumor of the pleura. They generally have histologic and
      behavioral characteristics identical to those of desmoid tumors at conventional
      sites. Like desmoid tumors elsewhere, complete resection with negative margins is
      vital to prevent local recurrence. Desmoid tumor should be considered in the
      differential of localized fibrous tumor of the pleura.

PMID- 9950157
TI  - Clinicopathologic characteristics of replication error-positive gastric
      carcinoma.
AB  - Microsatellite instability (MI), an expansion or contraction of microsatellites,
      is a manifestation of replication errors (RERs) that is recognized as performing
      an important role in carcinogenesis in a proportion of gastric carcinomas. We
      analyzed 96 cases of sporadic gastric carcinomas for the occurrence of MI in BAT
      26 and other six microsatellite loci. Gastric carcinomas with BAT-26 alteration
      demonstrated a higher proportion of unstable loci in other examined
      microsatellites than did gastric carcinomas without BAT-26 alteration. We
      classified gastric carcinomas with BAT-26 alteration as RER+ and compared the RER
      status with their clinicopathologic features. Ten (10.4%) of 96 gastric
      carcinomas showed RERs: 2 (7.7%) of 26 early gastric carcinomas and 8 (11.4%) of
      70 advanced gastric carcinomas were RER+. RER+ gastric carcinomas were
      significantly associated with older age, elevated gross type (Borrmann Type 2 or
      EGC IIa), expanding growth pattern (Ming's classification), and minimal
      desmoplasia. Although statistically not significant, RER+ gastric carcinomas
      showed more frequent intestinal type (Lauren's classification), more antral
      involvement, and lower lymph node metastasis than did RER- gastric carcinomas.
      There was no association between RER status and intratumoral lymphocyte
      infiltration or histologic differentiation. In conclusion, RER+ gastric
      carcinomas demonstrated distinct clinicopathologic features, and BAT-26 was a
      useful marker for assessing the RER status of gastric carcinomas.

PMID- 9950159
TI  - False-negative rates of tumor metastases in the histologic examination of bone
      marrow.
AB  - Recent reports have claimed that bone marrow histology is less sensitive for
      detecting metastatic tumor than are other methods of marrow examination. These
      reports, however, did not specify methodologic information, such as the number of
      slides or tissue sections reviewed. To demonstrate the importance of specifying
      such information, we reviewed archival, tumor-positive marrow biopsy specimens
      from our laboratory. By means of a statistical model, we calculated the false
      negative rates that would have occurred had random histologic review entailed
      fewer than 10 slides. Our model demonstrates a progressive increase in the
      percentage of false-negative diagnoses with the review of fewer slides, e.g.,
      from 1% with review of nine slides to as high as 24% with review of only two
      slides. We conclude that the number of histologic slides and tissue sections
      reviewed should be specified when comparing bone marrow histologic examination
      with other techniques of marrow assessment.

PMID- 9950158
TI  - Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas unassociated with the gastrointestinal tract: a
      clinicopathologic analysis of 17 cases.
AB  - Data are limited on leiomyosarcomas within the abdomen and retroperitoneum,
      particularly if one discounts those associated with the gastrointestinal (GI)
      tract. Recently, some authors proposed that certain tumors in this location are
      more appropriately termed extra-GI stromal tumors, given their histologic
      resemblance to GI stromal tumors as opposed to conventional soft tissue
      leiomyosarcomas. We evaluated the clinical and pathologic features of 17 cases of
      leiomyosarcoma (16 retroperitoneal, one intra-abdominal) and recorded the tumor
      size, predominant cell type, tumor cellularity, nuclear pleomorphism, extent of
      tumor cell necrosis, and number of mitotic figures per 10 high power fields
      (MFs/10HPFs). Cases were only included for study if the excised tumor did not
      arise from abdominal or pelvic viscera or major blood vessels, if adequate
      clinical follow-up was available, and if the tumor unequivocally resembled
      conventional soft tissue leiomyosarcoma, both by light microscopic and
      immunohistochemical examination. The cohort included 16 women and 1 man, and ages
      ranged from 44 to 72 years (median, 60 yr). Tumors ranged in size from 6.5 to
      29.5 cm (median, 13.5 cm). Fifteen tumors were composed predominantly of spindled
      cells, one tumor was composed predominantly of epithelioid cells, and one tumor
      was composed of an admixture of spindled and epithelioid cells. Follow-up
      intervals ranged from 4 to 169 months (median, 47 mo). Fifteen (88%) of seventeen
      patients developed an adverse outcome, defined as the development of metastatic
      disease or death due to tumor. Patients whose tumors had greater than 10
      MFs/10HPFs had significantly shorter intervals to either metastasis or death than
      did those whose tumors had 10 or fewer MFs/10HPFs (8.4 mo vs. 42 mo; P = .003).
      No other features correlated with time to adverse outcome. In conclusion, the
      majority of patients with leiomyosarcomas located within the abdomen or
      retroperitoneum progress to metastatic disease or die from their tumor. The only
      feature that is significantly associated with a shorter interval to either
      metastasis or death is more than 10 MFs/10HPFs.

PMID- 9950160
TI  - Interstitial foam cells and oxidized lipoprotein in human glomerular disease.
AB  - Foam cells (FCs) have been detected in the cortical interstitium of some patients
      with glomerular disease. Whether they have a significant role in
      tubulointerstitial injury and disease progression is uncertain. Renal biopsy
      specimens from 13 patients with glomerular disease (6 with Alport's syndrome, 5
      with focal glomerulosclerosis, 2 with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis,
      Type 1) showing interstitial FCs were investigated by histochemical means for
      neutral lipid (oil red O stain); immunohistochemical means for
      monocytes/macrophages (CD68), apolipoproteins (Apo) A-I, B, and E, and oxidized
      low-density lipoprotein (LDL); and by electron microscopic examination. FCs were
      positive for neutral lipid, CD68, and oxidized lipoprotein but did not stain for
      Apo B. In four specimens, there was a weak FC reaction for Apo E alone and in one
      case for both Apo E and Apo A-I. Focal interstitial staining was observed for
      both Apo B and E but not for Apo A-I. There was focal staining of tubular
      epithelial cytoplasm for neutral lipid in all of the specimens, for Apo E in five
      of seven specimens, for oxidized lipoprotein in case, and for Apo A-I in three
      cases. Electron microscopic analysis showed that the FC contained numerous clear
      cytoplasmic vacuoles that were not membrane-bound and that were generally
      associated with increased numbers of collagen fibrils and basement membrane-like
      extracellular matrix and frequently with aggregates of extracellular lipid-like
      particles embedded in extracellular matrix. The findings are analogous to those
      in atherosclerosis and suggest a role for FCs and oxidized lipoprotein in the
      pathogenesis of interstitial injury in some cases of glomerular disease.

PMID- 9950161
TI  - Telomerase activity in microdissected human gliomas.
AB  - Future improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of human gliomas might rely on
      obtaining more specific information concerning the biologic characteristics of
      individual tumor cells. Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes
      telomeres, has been reported to be expressed in a majority of human tumors,
      including several subtypes of brain tumor. We hypothesized that a quantitative
      assay for telomerase activity, combined with selective microdissection of tumor
      or normal brain cells, might reveal telomerase gain-of-function to be important
      in the pathogenesis of gliomas and that telomerase levels might have prognostic
      significance. We used tissue microdissection for selective analysis of tumor
      cells obtained from eight patients with glioma, one with a meningioma, and one
      with a primary B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system. Normal brain tissue
      microdissected from another patient was used as a control. Telomerase activity
      was screened by an electrophoretic method and then assayed by a quantitative
      ELISA method. All of the eight gliomas had positive telomerase activity, as did
      the lymphoma. The meningioma and normal brain were negative. Quantitative
      analysis of telomerase activity did not correlate with tumor grade nor predict
      outcome. Selective tissue microdissection, combined with qualitative and
      quantitative telomerase assays, permits rapid and reliable detection of
      telomerase activity in diverse brain tumor tissues. These preliminary findings
      suggest that telomerase reactivation is a frequent event in glioma tumorigenesis
      that can be sensitively and specifically detected in gliomas of all histologic
      grades. Furthermore, specific detection of telomerase reactivation represents
      another mechanism by which tumor formation and progression might become the
      target of novel therapeutics.

PMID- 9950163
TI  - p53 immunoreactivity and single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis often
      fail to predict p53 mutational status.
AB  - The intent of this study was to investigate the ability of p53 expression and
      single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis (SSCP) to predict p53
      mutational status in archival, paraffin-embedded tissues of gastric cancer. We
      evaluated paraffin-embedded tissues from 78 patients with advanced gastric
      cancer. The mutational status of the p53 gene (exons 5-9) was examined by SSCP
      analysis and by direct sequencing. These results were compared with p53
      expression as assessed by immunohistochemical analysis (IHC). We graded p53
      expression on a scale from 0 to 8 on the basis of both the intensity and the
      number of cells staining. Overall, we detected p53 immunoreactivity in 75.6% of
      the gastric cases; 19 (32.2%) of these cases scored from 1 to 4, and 40 (67.8%)
      cases scored from 5 to 8. p53 gene mutations were detected in 18 cases (23.1%) by
      SSCP and in 28 cases (36%) by direct sequencing. Thus, SSCP failed to detect 38%
      of the mutations found by sequencing. The majority of missed mutations involved
      exons 7 and 8. The concordance between IHC and SSCP was 37%, and the concordance
      between IHC and direct sequencing was 50%. Forty-five percent of cases positive
      by IHC failed to show mutations in exons 5 through 9. Five percent of cases
      negative by IHC (4 cases) contained mutations. One had a 1-base pair insertion;
      one had a mutation that resulted in a stop codon; the third had a mutation in
      exon 8; and the fourth had a mutation in both exons 5 and 8. Our findings
      indicate that p53 immunoreactivity correlates with the presence or absence of
      gene mutations in 50% of advanced gastric cancers when exons 5 through 9 are
      examined and that IHC cannot be reproducibly used as a marker of mutation in the
      most commonly mutated exons of the p53 gene. Furthermore, the sensitivity of SSCP
      for detecting mutations is only 62%. Thus, SSCP analysis cannot be used reliably
      to screen for p53 mutations.

PMID- 9950162
TI  - Loss of retinoblastoma protein expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
AB  - Laryngeal carcinomas are among the most curable malignancies, but some of them
      show poor clinical outcomes with local recurrence or regional neck metastasis.
      Multiple genetic alterations of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are thought
      to occur in the development some tumors. The frequency, however, and the
      prognostic significance of these genes or gene products still remain unknown in
      laryngeal carcinoma. Epidemiologic data suggest that cigarette smoking is closely
      related to the development of these neoplasms; and human papillomavirus (HPV)
      infections have also been postulated to play a role in development of laryngeal
      tumor. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of
      retinoblastoma protein (pRb), p53 protein, and HPV infection in laryngeal
      squamous cell carcinoma, as well as the correlation of these factors with
      clinicopathologic and carcinogenic factors. Tumors from 79 patients with primary
      laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were studied. The expression of pRb was
      immunohistochemically assessed in 79 such tumors, and the expression of p53 was
      assessed in 76 tumors. HPV Type 16 expression was estimated by nonisotopic in
      situ hybridization in 78 cases. Follow-up periods ranged from 15 to 90 months.
      pRb was detected in 82% of the tumors and p53 in 43%. Lack of staining for pRb
      was significantly associated with a high-histologic grade (P<.05), high T
      classification (P<.05), recurrence (P<.05), and a relatively short disease-free
      interval (P<.01). p53 overexpression was observed frequently in heavy smokers
      with an average Brinkman index of more than 800, but it was not associated with
      any of the clinicopathologic factors studied. These findings suggest that tumors
      exhibiting loss of pRb expression have a more aggressive biologic behavior than
      do those that express pRb and that loss of pRb expression might predict clinical
      outcome in patients with primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

PMID- 9950164
TI  - Expression of the ets-1 proto-oncogene in human thyroid tumor.
AB  - The proto-oncogene ets-1 is a transcription factor known to control the
      expression of a number of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. To
      elucidate the involvement of ets-1 in human thyroid carcinoma, we examined 68
      cases of thyroid carcinoma and 38 cases of benign tumors by immunohistochemical
      means. ets-1 was not expressed in normal thyroid follicular cells. Among the 69
      cases of thyroid carcinoma, 61 (89.7%) showed positive staining for the ets-1
      protein. According to histologic classification, 47 (97.9%) of 48 papillary
      carcinomas, 7 (87.5%) of 8 follicular carcinomas, 3 (60.0%) of 5 medullary
      carcinomas, and 4 (50.0%) of 8 anaplastic carcinomas showed positive staining of
      ets-1. Among the benign tumors, staining was positive for ets-1 in 8 (40.0%) of
      20 adenomas and 3 (16.7%) of adenomatous goiters. In situ hybridization also
      confirmed the expression of ets-1 mRNA in thyroid carcinoma. Expression of ets-1
      mRNA was seen in three kinds of cultured human thyroid carcinoma cell lines and
      carcinoma tissue obtained at surgery by reverse transcription-polymerase chain
      reaction. These findings suggest that ets-1 is deeply involved in thyroid
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 9950165
TI  - Immunohistochemical analysis of the proliferation associated nuclear antigen CENP
      F in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - CENP-F is a newly characterized cell cycle-associated nuclear antigen that is
      expressed in low amounts in G0/G1 cells and that accumulates in the nuclear
      matrix during S phase with a maximal expression in G2/M cells. CENP-F can be
      analyzed by flow cytometry and used as a proliferation marker. In the present
      study, therefore, we characterized the expression of CENP-F in non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma by immunohistochemical techniques to detect potential dysregulation of
      the protein or to establish CENP-F as a reliable proliferation marker. A
      polyclonal rabbit antibody reacting with CENP-F was prepared and used for
      immunohistochemical analyses after antigen retrieval. The rabbit antibody
      produced immunofluorescence patterns, flow cytometric profiles, and Western blot
      reactivity identical to those of the human autoantibody used in earlier studies.
      The percentage of CENP-F-positive and Ki-67-positive cells, as well as the
      labeling index, S-phase time, and potential doubling time, derived from in vivo
      iododeoxyuridine incorporation, were evaluated in 41 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
      Aggressive lymphomas showed higher CENP-F values than did indolent cases (10.1
      vs. 3.4%). The percentage of CENP-F-positive cells correlated significantly to
      the S-phase fraction (r(s) = 0.68), the Ki-67 index (r(s) = 0.56) and the
      labeling index of iododeoxyuridine (r(s) = 0.47), as well as to S-phase time and
      potential doubling time (r(s) = 0.34 and -0.40). A lower fraction of CENP-F
      positive cells was found, compared with the Ki-67 index (4.9 vs. 9.4%),
      supporting previous observations that CENP-F was expressed in a fraction of
      actively growing cells. These correlative data indicate that CENP-F expression
      defines a specific subpopulation of growing cells and that no clear evidence for
      dysregulation was found. Accordingly, CENP-F seems to be a useful proliferation
      marker for formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded material.

PMID- 9950166
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus-rich multinucleated giant cells in the colon: a case
      report with transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and in situ
      hybridization.
AB  - Multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) expressing the human immunodeficiency virus
      (HIV) are characteristically found in hyperplastic tonsils and adenoids, acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome encephalitis, vacuolar myelopathy, and lymph nodes
      coinfected with opportunistic pathogens. We identified similar polykaryons in the
      hyperplastic gut-associated immune system of an HIV-infected patient. Colonic
      biopsy specimens from this patient with heme-positive stools were studied by
      light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemistry, and in
      situ hybridization for HIV-specific RNA. No bleeding source was identified by
      endoscopic or light microscopic examination of the biopsied tissues. There was
      diffuse and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia with germinal centers. HIV RNA-positive
      and p24 gag-positive Langhans'-type MNGCs and mononuclear cells (MNCs) were
      present within the lamina propria The MNGCs and MNCs were identified as
      macrophages on the basis of TEM and expression of CD68, HAM56, and lysozyme
      markers. They also expressed S100 protein, a marker of dendritic/Langerhans'
      cells, but they lacked Birbeck granules by TEM. In situ hybridization
      demonstrated RNA expression by MNGCs, MNCs, and follicular dendritic cells. TEM
      revealed budding and mature HIV particles on the plasma membranes of MNGCs, MNCs,
      and follicular dendritic cells. We conclude, therefore, that hyperplastic gut
      associated immune systems can contain HIV-positive MNGCs and MNCs of the type
      seen in tonsils and adenoids and opportunistic pathogen-infected lymph nodes.
      Associated with immune activation, macrophages can express markers of
      dendritic/Langerhans' cells, cell types derived from the same CD34-positive bone
      marrow progenitor.

PMID- 9950168
TI  - Cytogenetic and cytologic features of chondroid lipoma of soft tissue.
AB  - The cytologic and cytogenetic findings of chondroid lipoma, a rare benign tumor
      of soft tissue, have not been described. This report details the morphologic
      features of a fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimen and describes a novel
      cytogenetic finding. The main cytologic features consisted of clustered, variably
      mature, multivacuolated, hibernoma-like cells enmeshed in a capillary plexus,
      with a background of chondromyxoid material. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a
      balanced translocation t (11, 16)(q13;p12-13) distinct from the known
      translocation involving 16p11 in myxoid and round-cell liposarcoma. The 11q13
      breakpoint was previously noted in hibernomas, raising the possibility of a
      common genetic deregulation.

PMID- 9950170
TI  - Much ado about doing nothing.
AB  - Negative stereotypes about certain kinds of medical specialists are commonly
      expressed by physicians in the presence of medical students. The authors of this
      brief essay, an academic pathologist and an academic internist, suggest that
      these sorts of remarks may have a range of deleterious effects on students. We
      wish to sensitize medical school faculty to this problem. Moreover, we propose
      that in an era in which a team approach to patient care is often required, the
      promotion of positive doctor-doctor relationships is critical and should be an
      integral part of medical education.

PMID- 9950167
TI  - Congenital syphilis in a newborn: an immunopathologic study.
AB  - A 3-week-old girl presented to the emergency room with respiratory distress and
      generalized maculopapular rash. The newborn was hospitalized with a presumptive
      diagnosis of congenital syphilis, but she died after 2 days of therapy. Tissue
      from the gastrointestinal tract, brain, liver, spleen, and lung was studied by
      using direct fluorescent antibody and immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) for
      Treponema pallidum. The inflammatory infiltrate was characterized by using IHC
      against CD3, CD20, CD68, and smooth muscle actin. The diagnosis of congenital
      syphilis was confirmed by demonstrating spirochetes in tissues with IHC and
      direct fluorescent antibody examination. IHC showed abundant treponemes in the
      small intestine and liver and occasional spirochetes in the meninges. Bacteria
      were seen as intact spirochetes, granular staining, or large extracellular
      collections of antigen. A constant pathologic feature throughout the tissues was
      concentric macrophage (CD68-positive) infiltrate around vessels, giving an onion
      skin appearance. IHC identified the macrophages as the prime immune response in
      congenital syphilis.

PMID- 9950169
TI  - Cytospray fixation of frozen intraoperative sections.
AB  - Preservation of cellular morphologic features is well known to be a limit of
      intraoperative frozen sections. Various techniques have been proposed to improve
      tissue details, the most common being ethanol immersion of cryostatic slide. We
      tested fixation with spray formulation for cytology smears on intraoperative
      frozen section from different organs to obtain a quick alcoholic fixation and a
      ready-to-use method. Our results of comparative study showed that cytospray
      fixation of frozen sections provide a significant improvement of cellular
      details, that it is quick, simple, economic, and that it does not require
      preorganization.

PMID- 9950171
TI  - Non quisquam melior medicus, quam fidus amicus: there is no better physician than
      a true friend--Cato.

PMID- 9950172
TI  - Towards long-term dialysis: a personal view.

PMID- 9950174
TI  - Cellulose carbamates and derivatives as hemocompatible membrane materials for
      hemodialysis.
AB  - Dialysis membranes made from regenerated cellulose are under dispute because of
      their alleged lack of hemocompatibility. The introduction of membranes from
      synthetically modified cellulose, like cellulose acetate or Hemophan, has proven,
      however, that hemocompatible membranes can be fabricated from cellulose by means
      of chemical surface modifications. In addition to membranes made from modified
      cellulose like ethers or esters, which were investigated in earlier experiments,
      we looked for further cellulose modifications to be assessed for their
      hemocompatibility. For this purpose, we synthesized a series of cellulose
      carbamate derivatives to profit from the excellent hemocompatibility pattern of
      the urethane family. In vitro investigations on membranes made from these
      cellulose modifications proved a direct relationship between the degree of
      modification and hemocompatibility. This was proven for the following 3
      representative hemocompatibility parameters: complement C5a generation, thrombin
      antithrombin (TAT) III formation, and platelet count (PC). As already shown for
      modifications made from cellulose esters, a direct dependency between improved
      hemocompatibility and the degree of substitution (DS) in the cellulose molecule
      could be found. In our experiments, a degree of substitution below a value of 0.1
      led to a nearly complete suppression of complement activation for all cellulose
      carbamates under investigation. In contrast to data on cellulose esters, we
      observed that molecular weight or molecular conformation of chemical substituents
      exerted only a minor effect on the hemocompatibility pattern. In addition, data
      on cellulose carbamate esters (e.g., cellulose succinate-phenyl-carbamate) show
      that a simultaneous but balanced substitution with hydrophilic and hydrophobic
      groups at the surface of the cellulose polymer is a further prerequisite for
      optimal hemocompatibility. It seems that the carbamate configuration per se has a
      positive effect on the hemocompatibility pattern of synthetically modified
      cellulose membranes.

PMID- 9950173
TI  - Development of a new approach to vascular access.
AB  - Three modes of access for hemodialysis (HD) have been available for over 20
      years, the native arterial to venous (A-V) fistula, the polytetrafluorethylene
      (PTFE) graft fistula, and the central venous catheter. Overall, vascular access
      remains the single most costly source of morbidity and hospitalization in HD
      patients, indicating a severe need for improvement in this area. A significant
      contributor to access morbidity is the HD catheter, which protrudes through the
      skin and is subject to frequent infection. Subcutaneous ports have been developed
      to overcome this problem with catheters, but their application to HD has been
      elusive for 2 reasons, the use of a degradable septum that becomes vulnerable to
      infection with the use of large bore needles and the presence of a nonlinear flow
      path which produces damage to blood cells and stimulates thrombus formation at
      the required high flow rates. A new device, the Dialock, overcomes these
      objections by its use of a mechanical valve that maintains a linear flow path
      without directly contacting the blood. Results of a pilot study with 23 patients
      demonstrated a 78% cumulative survival rate after 1 year with a reduced rate of
      infection compared to catheters and sustained blood flow of 330 ml/min. The
      device represents a most promising advance in vascular access.

PMID- 9950175
TI  - Interactions between platelets and leukocytes during hemodialysis.
AB  - The formation of platelet-leukocyte microaggregates has been observed in a
      variety of conditions. When platelets and leukocytes coaggregate, in general, a
      reciprocal activation occurs when both cells are activated, and the interactions
      between activated platelets and leukocytes may be relevant in both hemostasis and
      inflammatory processes. The study of platelet-leukocyte interactions in
      hemodialysis offers the novel aspect of cellular-cellular interaction as a new
      parameter for evaluating the biocompatibility of dialyzer membranes. This article
      reviews the investigations of the interactions between platelets and leukocytes
      during hemodialysis and the pathophysiologic implications which may stem from
      such interactions.

PMID- 9950176
TI  - Platelet-leukocyte aggregates during hemodialysis: effect of membrane type.
AB  - Hemodialysis is associated with the formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates.
      Whether this phenomenon is hemodialysis (HD) membrane dependent is unclear. To
      evaluate this process, we examined respectively platelet activation (anti-CD41,
      anti-CD62, and antifibrinogen monoclonal antibodies [MoAb] binding), leukocyte
      activation (CD11b expression), and the appearance of platelet specific antigens
      on leukocytes as an index of platelet-leukocyte aggregation during HD using 3
      different membrane materials, Cuprophan, Hemophan, and polysulfone. Flow
      cytometric techniques and specific MoAb were used. All parameters were assayed 5
      min after initiation of HD to avoid the confounding variable of leukopenia and
      resultant cell subpopulation analysis. Platelet activation (anti-CD62 and
      antifibrinogen binding) occurred only with Cuprophan. All 3 membranes induced
      equivalent increases in CD11b expression on neutrophils and similarly increased
      the binding of anti-CD41 to neutrophils, reflecting an increment in the formation
      of platelet neutrophil aggregates. However, only Cuprophan induced an increase in
      anti-CD62 binding to neutrophils, suggesting that the aggregated platelets linked
      to neutrophils were activated. Increased anti-CD41 binding by monocytes was
      similarly observed with all 3 membranes. However, only polysulfone induced an
      increase in CD11b expression and fibrinogen binding to monocytes. We conclude
      that while the formation of platelet leukocyte aggregates appears to be a
      universal phenomenon in HD occurring with a variety of membrane types, subtypes
      of this phenomenon consisting of activated platelets and fibrinogen binding may
      be membrane dependent. This phenomenon may serve as a new biocompatibility
      parameter and may shed light on some of the biologic consequences of
      hemodialysis.

PMID- 9950177
TI  - Defining the microbiological quality of dialysis fluid.
AB  - With increasing awareness about the degree and the potential impact of
      microbiological contamination in dialysis fluids, there is a desire to improve
      their microbiological quality. To achieve this goal, the origin of the
      microbiological contamination has to be identified. The water, the bicarbonate
      concentrate, and the fluid distribution system can be major contributors. Regular
      disinfection of the entire fluid path is necessary to prevent the formation of
      biofilm. The bicarbonate concentrate should be handled with special attention
      because it constitutes an excellent growth medium for microflora that may not be
      detected with regular assays. With a well maintained reverse osmosis (RO) system,
      frequent disinfection of the entire flow path, and microbiological awareness, it
      is possible to produce dialysis fluid that meets the most stringent standard
      (<10(2) colony forming units (CFU)/ml and <0.25 IU/ml of endotoxin). Adding a
      step of ultrafiltration just before the dialyzer can make the dialysis fluid
      ultrapure (<10(-1) CFU/ ml and <0.03 IU/ml). One additional step of controlled
      ultrafiltration provides sterile and pyrogen-free fluids (<10(-6) CFU/ml and
      <0.03 IU/ml) that can be used for infusion.

PMID- 9950178
TI  - Evaluation of urea kinetics utilizing stable isotope urea and pharmacokinetic
      modeling.
AB  - The determination of urea kinetics plays a central role in clinical dialysis
      prescription. There persist, however, significant limitations to current
      approaches, particularly as they pertain to rigorous explorations of urea
      metabolism, distribution, and removal. This report describes methodologies
      designed to address these limitations by coupling a stable nitrogen isotope
      method with strict compartmental pharmacokinetic modeling. The findings of the
      present study can be summarized as follows. First, the use of stable isotope
      labeled exogenous urea is a reliable clinically applicable method for
      determination of urea kinetics. Second, this method offers significant advantages
      in that it allows for an accurate measurement of urea distribution space,
      endogenous urea production, and non-renal clearance of urea. Third, this method
      is significantly more rigorous than urea kinetic models that utilize only
      endogenous urea and do not carefully fit data points. Finally, pharmacokinetic
      modeling suggests that a two-compartment model satisfies all aspects of urea
      distribution and removal, but these compartments should not be equated with
      specific physiologic spaces. The combination of stable isotope urea compartmental
      modeling is a rigorous methodology for the assessment and validation of urea
      kinetics.

PMID- 9950179
TI  - Hepatitis C virus infection in dialysis: a continuing problem.
AB  - Patients on chronic dialysis are at increased risk of acquiring parenterally
      transmitted hepatitis viruses from blood product transfusions or nosocomial
      transmission in hemodialysis units, and biochemical abnormalities in liver
      function are seen in 10-44% of patients on chronic hemodialysis. In the past,
      hepatitis B virus (HBV) was the major cause of parenterally transmitted viral
      hepatitis in dialysis patients, and the remaining cases were attributed to non-A,
      non-B hepatitis (NANBH). The discovery of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has shed
      light on the cause and clinical course of NANBH in patients on dialysis. The
      current debate is focused on strategies to reduce the transmission of HCV among
      dialysis patients and to lessen the consequences of liver disease among patients
      already infected.

PMID- 9950180
TI  - Survival of patients on chronic hemodialysis: single center experience.
AB  - Patient survival from our hemodialysis (HD) center over the past 11 years was
      analyzed. Four hundred four patients, 212 female and 192 male, were treated by
      chronic intermittent HD. Patients were offered standard acetate-cellulosic
      membranes of 1.0-1.3 m2. During this period 181 patients died. One hundred three
      patients were transferred to other HD centers, and some were transplanted. One
      hundred twenty patients are still on HD treatment. The 5 year survival rate of
      patients treated in our center was 58%. Women lived longer than men, and age
      correlated significantly with survival rate. Patients with chronic
      glomerulonephritis and adult polycystic kidney disease had the best survival
      rates while diabetic patients and those with post hypertensive nephropathy had
      the poorest survival rates. Forty-four percent of patients had a cardiac related
      cause of death, cerebrovascular accident was the cause in 15%, and 11% died due
      to septic condition (infection) while 8% died due to liver disease.

PMID- 9950181
TI  - The anemia in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients is related to
      Kt/V index.
AB  - Anemia in chronic renal failure causes a number of serious problems to the
      patient. As a result, it is imperative to make use of all rational options to
      alleviate it. The present study addresses the question, the answer to which is
      not yet known, whether or not the degree of anemia depends on the efficacy of
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and, if so, what the importance
      of peritoneal clearance and residual renal function is. A significant correlation
      between the hematocrit (Hct) and the total weekly Kt/V index (tKt/V) (r = 0.61,
      p<0.01), total weekly creatinine clearance (tCLCR) (r = 0.50, p<0.05), and
      residual glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.43, p<0.05) was demonstrated in a
      group of 22 CAPD patients. Stepwise regression analysis showed that of all the
      variables monitored, Hct depends exclusively on tKt/V (p<0.01, r2 = 0.37). The
      value of Hct in a group of patients with a tKt/V <2.3 (n = 15) was 28.9+/-1.2%
      (arithmetic mean +/- SEM) while in a group with a tKt/V > or =2.3 (n = 7), it was
      35.1+/-1.9% (p<0.01). On dividing tKt/V and tCLCR into their peritoneal and renal
      components, a significant correlation between Hct and renal Kt/V (r = 0.47,
      p<0.05) was found; stepwise regression analysis identified renal Kt/V (p<0.01)
      and peritoneal Kt/V (p<0.05), with R2 = 0.38 as major variables with an effect on
      Hct. The authors conclude the efficacy of blood purification is another factor
      affecting renal anemia in CAPD patients. The relationship between anemia and
      blood purification is best expressed using the Kt/V index. The Kt/V provided by
      one's own kidneys seems to be of greater importance for anemia than the Kt/V
      provided by peritoneal dialysis. The results provide the basis for prospective
      interventional studies.

PMID- 9950182
TI  - Pathophysiological role of leptin in patients with chronic renal failure, in
      kidney transplant patients, in patients with essential hypertension, and in
      pregnant women with preeclampsia.
AB  - This paper is a summary of results obtained in our studies on leptinemia in
      patients with chronic renal failure treated with recombinant human erythropoietin
      (rHuEPO), in kidney transplant patients, in patients with essential hypertension,
      and in pregnant women with preeclampsia. In this study, we found that rHuEPO
      treatment has a suppressive effect on leptinemia in patients with endstage renal
      failure. These results suggest that the appetite stimulating effect of rHuEPO may
      be mediated by a reduction of leptin synthesis and release. At the early stage of
      successful kidney transplantation, a significant decline of leptinemia was
      noticed, which was not related either to the excretory function of the graft or
      the kind and dose of immunosuppressants. In kidney transplant patients with
      grafts functioning well for 2.5 years, significantly elevated leptinemia was
      found. From these results, we may conclude that factors other than the excretory
      function of the graft and the kind and dosage of immunosuppressants may be
      involved in the pathogenesis of abnormal leptinemia in these patients. Both in
      normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension, a positive
      correlation was found between leptinemia and mean blood pressure, suggesting that
      leptin may be involved in the regulation of blood pressure. Both healthy and
      preeclamptic pregnant women show higher leptinemia than nonpregnant women. In
      preeclamptic women, leptin levels in maternal vein blood, umbilical cord blood,
      and amniotic fluid were significantly higher than respective values found in
      healthy pregnant women. In contrast to healthy pregnant and nonpregnant women, in
      women with preeclampsia, no correlation was found between the body mass index
      (BMI) and leptinemia. In preeclamptic women the abnormally elevated leptinemia
      was not related to blood pressure. Finally, no correlation was found between
      leptinemia in maternal and umbilical cord blood. From these studies, it follows
      that the elucidation of abnormal leptin secretion in the pathogenesis of
      preeclampsia needs further study.

PMID- 9950183
TI  - Importance of sodium dodecyl sulfate pore-graduated polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the differential diagnostic of Balkan nephropathy.
AB  - Balkan nephropathy (BN) is an endemic disease, which leads to end-stage renal
      failure and artificial renal replacement therapy. Pathologically it is
      characterized by progressive interstitial nephritis in a large population of
      villages situated in the proximity of a bend of the Danube up to a distance of
      100 km from the river in several parts of Bulgaria, Romania, and the former
      Yugoslavia. The urinary proteins of 19 patients with BN from the region of
      Vratza, Bulgaria were examined using ultrathin layer sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
      pore-graduated polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and silver staining. The
      documentation of urinary proteins pattern was performed using laser densitometry
      and consecutive electronic processing for the purpose of characterizing and
      quantifying protein excretion. Our results show that the proteinuria of BN is
      predominantly tubular, consisting of low molecular weight species (10-65
      kilodaltons). The amount of tubular protein changes with the progression of the
      disease. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is a diagnostic method for
      early diagnosis of tubular failure in BN. Using our method of SDS-PAGE, tubular
      failure can be detected even at a total protein concentration below 0.1 g/L and
      when the serum creatinine concentration is normal. Additionally, our method of
      SDS-PAGE supports the differentiation of BN from glomerular disease.

PMID- 9950184
TI  - Fractionated plasma separation and adsorption system: a novel system for blood
      purification to remove albumin bound substances.
AB  - The removal of albumin bound substances has gained increasing interest in
      different diseases, especially in acute and chronic liver disease. Therefore, a
      new system, the fractionated plasma separation and adsorption (FPSA) system, was
      developed based on combined membrane and adsorbent blood purification techniques.
      The most important contribution to the FPSA system was the development of a new
      polysulfone hollow-fiber filter, which is characterized by a sieving coefficient
      of 0.89 for human serum albumin (HSA) but only of 0.17 for fibrinogen, and 0
      (zero) for IgM immunoglobulins. Using a closed filtrate circuit connected to the
      new polysulfone filter which integrates 1 or 2 adsorption columns and also a high
      flux dialyzer adapted to a dialysis machine, the FPSA system opens excellent
      possibilities for the relatively specific removal of albumin bound substances
      from the blood such as albumin bound bilirubin or even tryptophan. In comparison
      to other systems (for example, the Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System
      [MARS] and albumin dialysis systems), the FPSA system enables much higher
      elimination of strongly bound albumin substances. The first clinical
      investigations have recently started based on a modified dialysis machine
      designed with all necessary safety measures.

PMID- 9950187
TI  - Influence on blood of plasticized polyvinyl chloride: significance of the
      plasticizer.
AB  - An investigation has been made of the significance of the level of the
      plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate at the surface of plasticized polyvinyl
      chloride for interactions with blood components. Plasticized polyvinyl chloride
      before and after treatment with methanol to reduce the plasticizer surface level
      was assessed in terms of fibrinogen and albumin adsorption with unplasticized
      polyvinyl chloride acting as a control. As the plasticizer surface level
      decreased, fibrinogen adsorption decreased almost linearly while albumin
      adsorption increased initially before decreasing slightly. The investigation
      indicates that reduction in the amount of plasticizer at the surface improves the
      blood compatibility of plasticized polyvinyl chloride, and the influence on blood
      is due primarily to the plasticizer rather than the polyvinyl chloride itself.

PMID- 9950185
TI  - Investigation of plasma protein adsorption on functionalized nanoparticles for
      application in apheresis.
AB  - Particles with specific ligands for the adsorption of plasma proteins can be used
      in therapeutic or preparative apheresis. The development of these particles may
      benefit from an improved knowledge of the relationship between protein adsorption
      and the structure of ligands. Nanoparticles were functionalized with aliphatic
      diamines of increasing chain length; with the amino acids lysine, tryptophan,
      histidine, and their corresponding amines; and with tryptophan and histidine
      spaced with diamines of different length. Suitable protocols were developed for
      the washing of particles and the subsequent desorption of proteins adsorbed from
      human plasma. The adsorption pattern, as well as the quantification of the
      overall adsorption of proteins on these modified particles, was investigated with
      gel electrophoresis. This was followed by immunoblotting which yielded specific
      assessments of bound human serum albumin and fibrinogen. The comparison of
      protein adsorption with surface charge density and measured hydrophobicities
      yielded no simple correlations although in general more hydrophobic ligands bound
      higher quantities of protein. The detection of human serum albumin yielded
      similar results because it was observed for overall protein adsorption while the
      adsorption of fibrinogen expressed a different pattern. In this case, particular
      nanoparticles functionalized with aliphatic diamines bound significantly higher
      amounts of fibrinogen than all other ligands.

PMID- 9950186
TI  - Biocompatible magnetic polymer carriers for in vivo radionuclide delivery.
AB  - The magnetic guidance of antiplastic and antibacterial agents as well as x-ray
      and MRI contrast substances in vivo by means of magnetic particles has been
      attempted repeatedly during the last 2 decades with more or less success. When
      using microparticles, the circulation time in the blood, the biodistribution, and
      to a greater or lesser extent, the specific targeting are determined by the
      uniformity of size, chemical composition, surface modification, and the electric
      surface charge. The electrophoretic mobility is an important parameter for the
      prediction of the usefulness of the prepared particle, modified by chemical and
      biological molecules. For its success, radionuclide therapy depends on the
      critical relationship between the amount of radioactive isotopes in the target
      tissue and in critical normal tissue. Because the implementation of
      radioimmunotherapy for the treatment of cancer has proven to be considerably more
      difficult than initially anticipated, we propose the use of magnetic nanospheres
      for the well directed delivery of radionuclides to a tumor after the intravenous
      administration of the biodegradable colloidal suspension.

PMID- 9950188
TI  - In vitro comparison study of CD63 and CD62P expression after contacting leukocyte
      filters.
AB  - CD63 and CD62P have been recognized as platelet activation markers. This study
      investigated the secretion of these antigens to compare the platelet activation
      between a newly developed stainless steel leukocyte filter (SSLF) and 7 polyester
      or polyurethane commercially available leukocyte filters. Flow cytometry
      demonstrated that the SSLF initiated significantly smaller effects in terms of
      mean fluorescence intensity of CD63 (p<0.03) and of the amount of CD62P
      expressing platelets (p<0.002) compared to the polyurethane filters. However,
      there was no statistical difference between the SSLF and polyester filters. The
      result of this study suggests that the SSLF caused less platelet activation than
      the polyurethane filters and has biocompatible characteristics comparable to the
      currently available polyester filters. Stainless steel was selected because of
      its physicochemical conductivity. With these results, further evaluation of the
      SSLF will be continued in an attempt to develop an active immunomodulator using
      this unique characteristic.

PMID- 9950189
TI  - The effects of various extracellular matrices on renal cell attachment to polymer
      surfaces during the development of bioartificial renal tubules.
AB  - Extracellular matrices (ECM) are utilized for obtaining better cell attachment to
      polymer surfaces in cell cultures. To establish beneficial bioartificial renal
      tubules, tubular epithelial cells and ECM were investigated in this study. MDCK
      cells and KU-2 cells were seeded onto 96 well plates which had been precoated
      with collagen types I and IV, laminin, and fibronectin. The culture media were
      removed and replaced with new ones at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min and 24 h
      after start time to evaluate the incubation time effects. The degrees of cell
      attachment onto ECM were measured by MTT assay. In the MDCK cell culture, better
      cell attachment was observed between 60 min and 24 h after incubation start time
      with the use of laminin at a concentration of 5 microg/ml, 60 min and more after
      incubation start time with the use of fibronectin at the concentrations of 1 and
      4 microg/ml, or 30 min and more after incubation start time with the use of
      fibronectin at the concentrations of 16 and 32 microg/ml. On the other hand, in
      the KU-2 cell culture, better cell attachment was observed between 15 and 60 min
      after the incubation start time or 24 h after the incubation start time with the
      use of laminin at a concentration of 40 microg/ml. These data suggest that
      various cells possibly each have a most suitable ECM kind, best concentration,
      and best incubation time.

PMID- 9950190
TI  - Chaotic dynamics in circulation with Tohoku University vibrating flow pump.
AB  - For the development of a totally implantable ventricular assist system (VAS), we
      have been developing the vibrating flow pump (VFP), which can generate oscillated
      blood flow with a relative high frequency (10-50 Hz) for a totally implantable
      system. In this study, the effects of left ventricular assistance with this
      unique oscillated blood flow were analyzed by the use of nonlinear mathematics
      for evaluation as the whole circulatory regulatory system, not as the decomposed
      parts of the system. Left heart bypasses using the VFP from the left atrium to
      the descending aorta were performed in chronic animal experiments using healthy
      adult goats. The ECG, arterial blood pressure, VFP pump flow, and the flow of the
      descending aorta were recorded in the data recorder during awake conditions and
      analyzed in a personal computer system through an A-D convertor. By the use of
      nonlinear mathematics, time series data were embedded into the phase space, the
      Lyapunov numerical method, fractal dimension analysis, and power spectrum
      analysis were performed to evaluate nonlinear dynamics. During left ventricular
      assistance with the VFP, Mayer wave fluctuations were decreased in the power
      spectrum, the fractal dimension of the hemodynamics was significantly decreased,
      and peripheral vascular resistance was significantly decreased. These results
      suggest that nonlinear dynamics, which mediate the cardiovascular dynamics, may
      be affected during left ventricular (LV) bypass with oscillated flow. The
      decreased power of the Mayer wave in the spectrum caused the limit cycle
      attractor of the hemodynamics and decreased peripheral resistance. Decreased
      sympathetic discharges may be the origin of the decreased Mayer wave and fractal
      dimension. These nonlinear dynamic analyses may be useful to design optimal VAS
      control.

PMID- 9950191
TI  - A simplified single pump circuit for cardiac bypass with autogenous oxygenation.
AB  - A simplified extracorporeal circulation (ECC) assemblage with autogenous
      oxygenation (AO) using a single centrifugal pump was tested in dogs. The
      transpulmonary gradient was obtained by increasing pressure in the right atrium
      through volume expansion and decreasing it in the left atrium by collecting the
      blood from the pulmonary veins in a reservoir placed below the level of the
      animal, generating a siphon effect. This arrangement dispenses with a right side
      pump. The heart was electrically fibrillated after perfusion was started and
      defibrillated at the end of the bypass. This ECC circuit allowed the maintenance
      of adequate hemodynamic and blood gas parameters during the bypass. The operating
      field and the mobility of the heart were equivalent to that of conventional
      cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We conclude that the use of a single centrifugal
      pump simplifies the autogenous oxygenation approach, making it a practical choice
      for the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedure.

PMID- 9950192
TI  - Cytogenetic aberrations in Ewing sarcoma: are secondary changes associated with
      clinical outcome?
AB  - BACKGROUND: Ewing sarcoma is associated with a nonrandom pattern of primary and
      secondary chromosomal aberrations. Whereas the finding of rearrangements of
      chromosome 22, usually in the form of a balanced translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12),
      is important diagnostically, nothing is known about the potential prognostic
      impact of the secondary chromosomal aberrations. PROCEDURE: During a 1 3-year
      period, short-term cultured tumor samples from 21 children and young adults with
      Ewing sarcoma were cytogenetically analyzed successfully. RESULTS: Clonal
      chromosome aberrations were detected in 18 patients, 17 of whom had the
      characteristic t(11;22)(q24;q12) or variants thereof. The most frequent secondary
      change was +8, followed by +12, +2, +5, +9, +15, and gain of material from the
      long and short arms of chromosome 1. The only recurrent secondary change that was
      restricted to tumors from the ten patients that were dead at latest follow-up was
      gain of 1q material. Furthermore, all three patients with tumors with chromosome
      numbers over 50 had died, and the only patient with a tumor karyotype lacking
      chromosome 22 rearrangement was alive without evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS:
      These data and previously published results indicate that the karyotypic pattern
      not only may be of diagnostic significance but also may be important
      prognostically.

PMID- 9950193
TI  - Detection of neuroblastoma in bone marrow by immunocytology: is a single marrow
      aspirate adequate?
AB  - BACKGROUND: Except at diagnosis and relapse, when gross disease is present,
      histologic evaluation is less sensitive than immunocytology (IC) of bone marrow
      for detecting metastatic neuroblastoma. We examined whether the chance of a
      positive IC from a single marrow site was comparable to an IC of pooled marrow
      from multiple sites. PROCEDURE: We carried out 47 marrow examinations on 29
      patients with high-risk neuroblastoma on therapy. Each examination consisted of
      histologic evaluation of four aspirates and two biopsies (six sites), IC of a 2.5
      5-mL heparinized sample from a single site (the right posterior iliac crest; IC
      RPIC), as well as IC of 8-10 mL of heparinized marrow pooled from bilateral
      anterior and bilateral posterior iliac crests (IC-pooled). IC was performed using
      a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for ganglioside GD2. RESULTS: The
      number of GD2-positive tumor cells detected by IC-pooled had a strong linear
      correlation with that by IC-RPIC (R = 0.91), although IC-pooled detected an
      average of 3.3 times more GD2-positive cells. Of 47 examinations, 15 tested
      positive by histology (6 sites), 20 by IC- pooled, and 17 by IC-RPIC. Among 29
      patients, the level of agreement between IC-RPIC and IC-pooled was generally good
      (kappa statistic > or = 0.72), giving a false negative rate of < or = 30%.
      CONCLUSIONS: Compared to conventional histologic examinations, immunocytology of
      a single marrow aspirate generally agrees with that of marrow pooled from six
      sites. However, the false negative rate may be too high in the setting of
      examination prior to bone marrow or stem cell harvest.

PMID- 9950194
TI  - High-dose chemotherapy followed by peripheral blood stem cell rescue for
      metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma: the experience at Chicago Children's Memorial
      Hospital.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Because outcome for metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma remains poor with
      standard therapy, and because some patients with extensive unresectable
      metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma are unable to tolerate standard therapy with the
      associated large radiation fields, peripheral blood stem cell rescue (PBSCR)
      following high-dose chemotherapy was offered as consolidative therapy for
      patients with Stage 4/Group IV rhabdomyosarcoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight
      patients with Stage 4/Group IV rhabdomyosarcoma were diagnosed from May, 1992,
      through November, 1994. Consolidative PBSCR following thiotepa 300 mg/M2 on days 
      7, -6, and -5; cyclophosphamide 1,500 mg/M2 on days -5, -4, -3, and -2; and
      carboplatin 600 mg/M2 on days -3 and -2 was offered to those patients who
      achieved a complete remission with multimodality therapy. Patients with extensive
      metastatic disease who did not receive full doses of radiation to all sites of
      disease remained eligible for high-dose chemotherapy and PBSCR. RESULTS: Five of
      eight patients achieved a complete response. Four patients underwent PBSCR. One
      of the four patients is alive without evidence of disease 53 months post-PBSCR.
      All other patients died of progressive disease. CONCLUSIONS: These results, along
      with the existing literature, show no advantage of high-dose chemotherapy
      followed by PBSCR as consolidative therapy for patients with Stage 4/Group IV
      rhabdomyosarcoma over standard dose chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. For
      patients with extensive, unresectable disease at diagnosis who cannot receive
      radiation to all areas of disease based on concerns of marrow reserve, high-dose
      chemotherapy followed by PBSCR does not appear to provide adequate local control
      and cannot be offered as curative therapy.

PMID- 9950195
TI  - Renal function following combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide and cisplatin
      in patients with osteogenic sarcoma.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Ifosfamide and cisplatin are active agents that are currently used in
      the treatment of osteosarcoma. Nephrotoxicity has been reported following their
      use in combination and alone. This study evaluates renal function in children and
      adolescents (median age 16 years) at least 3 months following completion of a
      chemotherapy regimen which included 54 g/m2 ifosfamide, 360 mg/m2 cisplatin,
      doxorubicin, and high-dose methotrexate. PROCEDURE: Mean glomerular filtration
      rate (GFR) was determined by inulin or iothalamate clearance; proximal tubular
      function was evaluated by measuring fractional excretion of glucose (FEglu),
      tubular maximum phosphate reabsorption per GFR (TMP/GFR), FE of urate, and 24
      hour amino acid excretion. Distal tubular function was evaluated by 24-hour
      urinary calcium, FE of magnesium, and urinary osmolality after water deprivation.
      Twenty-four-hour urinary protein excretion was measured. RESULTS: The mean GFR
      was 97 ml/min/1.73 m2. Although 10 of 24 patients had GFRs lower than normal, the
      lowest value was only 22% below the lower limit of normal and would not account
      for any clinical compromise. Proximal tubular function evaluation revealed normal
      FEglu, normal mean TMP/GFR values, and high FE of urate (1 5.7%). Two of twenty
      four patients were shown to have mild generalized aminoaciduria. Distal tubular
      function evaluation showed normal 24-hour urinary calcium levels (mean 3.4 mg/kg)
      and FE of magnesium as well as normal urinary osmolality. Twenty-four-hour
      urinary protein excretion was normal in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of
      clinically significant renal abnormalities observed in patients who received
      combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide and cisplatin for osteosarcoma is
      encouraging for future osteosarcoma protocol development.

PMID- 9950196
TI  - Synovial sarcoma mimicking desmoplastic small round-cell tumor: critical role for
      molecular diagnosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The identification of recently described nonrandom chromosomal
      defects specific for various small round-cell and spindle-cell sarcomas can
      eliminate diagnostic uncertainty arising from the clinical and histopathologic
      overlap of soft tissue neoplasms. METHODS: A 26-year-old man presented with bulky
      abdominal-pelvic disease. Immunohistochemical and molecular studies on tumor were
      performed. Treatment was instituted using cycles of high-dose cyclophosphamide
      (4,200 mg/m2) with doxorubicin (75 mg/m2). RESULTS: Clinical findings pointed to
      desmoplastic small round-cell tumor. The tumor was histologically
      undifferentiated and immunoreactive for vimentin but negative for other markers.
      Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed the SYT/SSX2 fusion
      transcript of the synovial sarcoma t(X;18) chromosomal rearrangement. The high
      dose chemotherapy, plus surgery, achieved a complete remission, but recurrent
      disease emerged 13 months from diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: This clinically unique
      case of synovial sarcoma highlights how the use of now readily available
      molecular techniques will allow more accurate appraisals of the incidence and
      anatomic distribution of soft tissue neoplasms-information that bears upon
      pathogenesis and treatment. This case confirms the utility of high-dose alkylator
      based therapy for synovial sarcoma. It also demonstrates that with nonlocalized
      solid tumors, the eradication of minimal residual disease remains an elusive
      goal. One alternative involves immunologic attack against markers derived from
      tumor-specific chromosomal defects such as those found in our patient.

PMID- 9950198
TI  - Clinical and prognostic aspects of adrenocortical neoplasms in childhood.
AB  - BACKGROUND: A retrospective study of 54 children was undertaken to define the
      clinical presentation and secretory patterns of adrenal tumors and to evaluate
      the outcome of surgical resection and medical therapy. PROCEDURES: Different
      factors were studied in univariate and multivariate analysis by using the Cox
      proportional hazard model. RESULTS: Median age at diagnosis was 4 years. Boys and
      girls were affected equally. The disease was revealed by virilization (61%) or by
      a palpable mass (39%) with a 0.1-5.5 year delay from initial symptoms. At initial
      examination, we found that 76% of children were virilized. Ninety-four percent of
      the tested tumors secreted androgens, which were associated with glucocorticoids
      in 36%. Adrenal tumors in children were smaller than in adults. Half of them
      measured less than 10 cm. There were recurrences in 40% of children. The survival
      rate at 5 years was 49%, 70% if resection was microscopically complete and 7% if
      not (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In children, rare adrenal tumors have different
      diagnostic and prognostic characteristics than in adults; however, recurrences
      remain frequent. The efficacy of chemotherapy, mainly o,p'-DDD (Mitotane),
      remains to be evaluated in comparative trials.

PMID- 9950197
TI  - Primary epidural non-Hodgkin lymphoma: spinal cord compression syndrome as the
      initial form of presentation in childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Primary epidural non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a rare but devastating
      event in pediatric oncology. Spinal cord compression due to an epidural mass from
      NHL, although it presents as a localized problem, in fact, is a systemic disease.
      Over the last 3 decades, aggressive systemic treatments with central nervous
      system prophylaxis have been designed with improving results. PROCEDURE: We
      reviewed the 20-year experience of the treatment of NHL with the LSA2-L2 protocol
      in our institution. Among 256 patients treated, five presented with primary
      epidural mass. Clinical features, treatment, and outcome of those five patients
      are presented. RESULTS: Three patients out of five responded favorably, and after
      a median follow-up of 10 years, they are cured. After presenting with paraplegia,
      functional and neurological recoveries were excellent. Of the patients who failed
      treatment, relapse occurred early, either during the treatment or right after
      completion of therapy. The relapses were within the central nervous system as
      well as systemic. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with primary epidural NHL presented with
      long histories of persistent back pain. Plain films of the spine were useless.
      All patients were diagnosed when neurologic damage had already been established.
      However, when the epidural NHL is treated aggressively with systemic chemotherapy
      and vigorous rehabilitation, the prognosis for complete neurological recovery and
      cure of the lymphoma is encouraging.

PMID- 9950199
TI  - Concomitant chemoradiotherapy for incompletely resected supratentorial low-grade
      astrocytoma in children: preliminary report.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In incompletely resected low-grade supratentorial astrocytoma, long
      term survival is poor; the effect of any additional treatment to surgery still
      remains poorly defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response, the
      survival, and the benefit of concomitant chemoradiotherapy in eight children who
      had incompletely resected supratentorial low-grade astrocytoma. PROCEDURE: There
      were six boys and two girls, aged 4-15 years. Four tumors were in the cerebral
      hemispheres, one in the hemisphere and thalamus, two in the third ventricle
      and/or thalamus, and one in the basal ganglia. Partial resection of the tumor was
      performed in four patients, biopsy in four; the extent of surgery was
      additionally evaluated with computed tomographic (CT) and/or magnetic resonance
      imaging (MRI) studies. A tumor dose of 50-56 Gy was delivered postoperatively in
      1.8-2.1 Gy daily fractions five times per week. Chemotherapy was intercalated
      concomitantly in the radiotherapy protocol: cisplatin 20 mg/m2/2 weeks
      intravenously (IV) and vincristine 1.5 mg/m2/week IV (up to a maximum dose of 2
      mg) were planned, starting on day 1 of irradiation. There were one to three
      cisplatin applications and one to seven vincristine applications. RESULTS: Seven
      patients are alive 5.5-11.5 years (median, 8 years) after therapy. Six of seven
      are without evidence of tumor on CT and/or MRI. A residual mass is still visible
      in one patient, 11.5 years after therapy. He was treated at the age of 4; he is
      handicapped due to mental retardation and severe neurological impairment. One
      patient died 5 years after chemoradiotherapy, due to secondary glioblastoma
      multiforme, without recurrence at the site of the first tumor. Chemotherapy was
      discontinued in two patients because of severe nausea and vomiting; there was no
      hematologic or neurologic toxicity. CONCLUSION: In view of the encouraging
      results, all patients with incompletely resected supratentorial low-grade
      astrocytomas will be treated as above.

PMID- 9950200
TI  - Outcomes and prognostic factors of Chinese children with acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia in Hong Kong: preliminary results.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The Chinese population is the biggest ethnic group in the world.
      However, there are few reports on the treatment outcome of childhood acute
      lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) among the Chinese population. PROCEDURE: Sixty-five
      children with ALL were treated with a modified protocol of the Medical Research
      Council United Kingdom Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia protocol X(MRC UKALL X) at
      the Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong. Most patients were ethnic Chinese. They
      were divided into groups A and B, depending on whether their presenting leucocyte
      count being was less or greater than 50 x 10(9)/l, respectively. Group A patients
      of received induction, early intensification (week 5), cranial irradiation, and
      maintenance for 3 years. Group B patients received an additional late
      intensification (week 20). RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 6.8
      years(range: 3.4-10.1 years). The event-free and overall survival rates of all
      patients at 7 years were 66% (confidence interval [CI] 53-76) and 75% (CI 63-84),
      respectively. The event-free survival rates of groups A and B at 7 years were 67%
      (CI 52-79) and 60% (CI 32-80), respectively (P= 0.39). The overall survival rates
      of groups A and B at 7 years were 80% (CI 66-89) and 60% (CI 32-80), respectively
      (P = 0.07). With this treatment protocol, the factors which adversely affected
      the outcome were age (<2 years and >10 years) and T-cell subtype. Sex, white
      blood count at diagnosis, and FAB subtypes were not statistically significant
      prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment outcomes were comparable with
      those reported from the MRC UKALL X trials.

PMID- 9950202
TI  - Investigational approaches to the treatment of brain tumors in children.

PMID- 9950201
TI  - Cytoprotection in the treatment of pediatric cancer: review of current strategies
      in adults and their application to children.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The protection of patients from the acute and/or chronic toxicity of
      antineoplastic therapy has become a major concern of oncology centers around the
      world. However, most of the effort has been directed toward the adult population,
      and limited studies have been performed in the group that may gain the most from
      such strategies, namely, children. PROCEDURES: The MedLine and CancerLit
      databases were surveyed, and the relevant biomedical literature on cytoprotection
      during antineoplastic treatment was analyzed. RESULTS: Cytotoxicity from
      antineoplastic therapy customarily is addressed by altering dosing schedules, a
      technique that can seriously impact the efficacy of the therapy. Colony
      stimulating factors have been used posttherapy to stimulate recovery from
      neutropenia, and various agents have been proposed as pretherapy cytoprotectors.
      Trials in adults have produced mixed results, and, to date, only amifostine and
      dexrazoxane have been approved as cytoprotectors for very narrow indications. Few
      trials have been performed in children, although these patients often can look
      forward to long-term remission. CONCLUSIONS: To prevent permanent toxicities from
      antineoplastic therapies that impact long-term pediatric survivors, the
      experience gained in adults should be extended more aggressively to children, and
      formal, randomized trials should be performed to determine the type of protection
      most suitable for the pediatric population.

PMID- 9950203
TI  - Silhouette. Professor Ya-mei Hu.

PMID- 9950205
TI  - Tumor markers in retinoblastoma.

PMID- 9950204
TI  - Synovial sarcoma with t(X:18) chromosomal translocation, cardiac involvement, and
      peripheral embolus.

PMID- 9950206
TI  - Detection of minimal residual disease by PCR in childhood T-cell acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia with TAL1 gene rearrangement: a preliminary report.

PMID- 9950207
TI  - Fungal infection due to Fusarium (spp) in children with refractory hematologic
      malignancies.

PMID- 9950208
TI  - Acute respiratory distress syndrome following resection of a mesenchymal
      hamartoma of the liver.

PMID- 9950209
TI  - Osteonecrosis in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a magnetic
      resonance imaging study after treatment.

PMID- 9950210
TI  - Alkalinization and tumor lysis syndrome.

PMID- 9950211
TI  - 7th meeting of Experimental Neuro-oncology, March 7, 1998, Gottingen, Germany:
      introduction.

PMID- 9950212
TI  - Mammary tumor formation in p53- and BRCA1-deficient mice.
AB  - The inheritance of a mutant copy of the BRCA1 gene greatly increases a woman's
      lifetime risk for ovarian and breast cancer. While a homologous gene has been
      identified in mouse, mice carrying mutations in this gene do not display a
      detectable increase in tumor formation. To determine whether mutations in p53
      might increase the incidence of tumors associated with the loss of BRCA1 function
      in mice, we have generated mice carrying mutations at both of these loci. We
      report here that the presence of a mutant Brca1 allele does not alter survival of
      either p53-/- or p53+/- mice. Although the tumor spectrum was not dramatically
      altered, an increased incidence of mammary tumors was observed in the Brca1+/-p53
      /- mice. Four mammary tumors were seen in the Brca1+/-p53-/- group whereas only
      one such tumor was seen among the p53-/- control group. In addition, although the
      presence of a mutant Brca1 allele did not alter the survival rate or the
      incidence of most tumor types in the p53+/- mice, 5 of the 23 tumors isolated
      from the Brca1+/-p53+/- mice treated with ionizing radiation were of mammary
      epithelial origin, and 3 of these had lost expression of the wild-type Brca1
      gene. In contrast, no such tumors were observed in the irradiated p53+/-
      controls. Although the number of mammary tumors observed in these animals is
      small, these results are suggestive of a role for BRCA1 in mammary tumor
      formation after exposure to specific DNA damaging agents.

PMID- 9950213
TI  - Differential responsiveness to autocrine and exogenous transforming growth factor
      (TGF) beta1 in cells with nonfunctional TGF-beta receptor type III.
AB  - The two major intestinal epithelial cell lineages are columnar fluid-absorbing
      cells and mucin-producing goblet cells. High levels of transforming growth factor
      (TGF) beta1 are found surrounding postmitotic cells in the colonic crypt,
      suggesting that TGF-beta1 mediates the maturation and growth inhibition of both
      epithelial cell types. However, we now show that the injection of recombinant TGF
      beta1 into mice leads to an enrichment of goblet cells, indicating that these
      normal epithelial cells are resistant to TGF-beta1. In support of this
      interpretation, each of two independently isolated cell lines modeling normal
      colon goblet cells was also growth resistant to exogenous TGF-beta1 but made
      levels of TGF-beta receptor (TbetaR) I, TbetaRII, and TbetaIII mRNA and protein
      equal to those made by two TGF-beta1-sensitive cell lines. No mutations were
      found in the alk5 or alk2 forms of TbetaRI or in TbetaRII; these receptors were
      found on the cell surface, although they could not bind 125I-labeled TGF-beta1.
      TbetaRIII binds TGF-beta1, concentrates it, and presents it to TbetaRII. The
      major TbetaRIII form, betaglycan, did not undergo normal posttranslational
      modification in either of the goblet cell lines and could not bind 125I-labeled
      TGF-beta1; thus, it was nonfunctional. TGF-beta resistance was overcome by
      raising TGF-beta1 levels 100-fold, at which point TbetaRII could bind TGF-beta1.
      Signaling initiated by these higher TGF-beta1 levels was blocked by the
      expression of dominant negative TbetaRII, demonstrating that TbetaRII and TbetaRI
      were functional. Cells resistant to exogenous TGF-beta1 maintained functional
      cell surface TbetaRI and TbetaRII to mediate responses to autocrine TGF-beta1,
      which controlled the maturation of the adhesion protein integrin beta1.
      Expression of dominant negative TbetaRII in goblet cells greatly inhibited the
      conversion of the beta1 integrin from its precursor to its mature form. Thus, in
      normal intestinal epithelial goblet cells, TbetaRI and TbetaRII can respond to
      autocrine but not exogenous TGF-beta without the participation of TbetaRIII.
      Absorptive epithelial cells are growth inhibited by TGF-beta1 both in vivo and in
      vitro; therefore, the loss of functional TbetaRIIIs on goblet cells allows
      differential regulation of the two major intestinal epithelial cell types.

PMID- 9950214
TI  - Two alternatively spliced Meig1 messenger RNA species are differentially
      expressed in the somatic and in the germ-cell compartments of the testis.
AB  - Previous studies regarding the transcriptional pattern of the murine Meig1 gene
      (formally designated meg1) suggested that its transcription is restricted to germ
      cells at the first meiotic prophase, in both primary spermatocytes and primary
      oocytes. However, protein analysis revealed that certain forms of the MEIG1
      protein exist in testes of early postnatal pups at stages that have no germ cells
      in the testis, excluding very few primitive type A spermatogonia cells. This
      suggested that MEIG1 expression is not confined to germ cells. In this study, we
      show that testicular somatic cells do, indeed, express MEIG1. This is especially
      evident in Leydig cells, where this protein is highly abundant. We also
      demonstrate that alternatively spliced mRNAs of Meig1 are differentially
      transcribed in the germ cell and the somatic compartments of the testis. There is
      a very low level of somatic transcript, whether labile or transcriptionally
      regulated, in contrast to the abundant MEIG1 protein in the somatic cells. This
      implies that the somatic transcript is very efficiently translated and reconfirms
      that protein levels do not necessarily reflect transcript abundancy. Structural
      features of the Meig1 transcript that would be expected to inhibit translation
      are discussed in light of the efficient translation of this RNA species.

PMID- 9950215
TI  - Deletion of p16INK4A/CDKN2 and p15INK4B in human somatic cell hybrids and hybrid
      derived tumors.
AB  - Deletion or epigenetic inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene p16INK4/CDKN2
      (p16) has been observed in multiple human tumors. We assayed hybrid cell lines
      between human diploid fibroblasts and fibrosarcoma cells for p16 allelic status
      and expression and found that p16 was expressed in the parental diploid
      fibroblast cell lines used, whereas the parental fibrosarcoma cell line
      HT1080.6TG exhibited homozygous deletion of p16. Most immortalized hybrid cell
      lines derived from these parent cell lines, whether tumorigenic or
      nontumorigenic, exhibited loss of fibroblast-derived p16 alleles. All p16
      negative hybrid cell lines also exhibited deletion of p15INK4B (p15). Hybrid cell
      lines yielded tumors upon s.c. injection into athymic nude mice regardless of
      p16/p15 status. Tumors derived from six p16/p15-positive hybrid cells, however,
      revealed deletions of both p16 and p15. When human diploid fibroblasts were fused
      with A388.6TG squamous cell carcinoma cells, which exhibit aberrant methylation
      of p16, the resulting hybrids again exhibited deletion of the unmethylated
      fibroblast-derived p16 alleles. Transfection of both HT1080.6TG and A388.6TG
      cells with wild-type p16 expression vector resulted in decreased clonogenicity in
      culture. Although the determinants directing genetic versus epigenetic
      inactivation of p16 and p15 remain unclear, these results demonstrate that p16
      mediated growth suppression could be abrogated by either mechanism in somatic
      cell hybrids.

PMID- 9950216
TI  - Netrin-1: interaction with deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and alterations in
      brain tumors and neuroblastomas.
AB  - Netrins, a family of laminin-related secreted proteins, have critical roles in
      axon guidance and cell migration during development. The deleted in colorectal
      cancer (DCC) protein has been implicated as a netrin-1 receptor component. The
      expression and function of netrins in adult tissues remain unknown, and direct
      interaction of netrin-1 with DCC has not been demonstrated. We cloned the human
      netrin-1 (NTN1L) gene, mapped it to chromosome 17p12-13, and found that it
      encodes a 604 amino acid protein with 98% identity to mouse netrin-1 and 50%
      identity with the Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-6 protein. NTN1L transcripts were
      detected in essentially all normal adult tissues studied, and markedly reduced or
      absent NTN1L expression was seen in approximately 50% of brain tumors and
      neuroblastomas. In one neuroblastoma, missense mutations at highly conserved
      NTN1L codons were found. Netrin-1 protein could be cross-linked to DCC protein on
      the cell surface, but it did not immunoprecipitate with DCC in the absence of
      cross-linking and it failed to bind to a soluble fusion protein containing the
      entire DCC extracellular domain. Our findings demonstrating NTN1L loss of
      expression and mutations suggest that NTN1L alterations may contribute to the
      development of some cancers. Furthermore, the binding of netrin-1 to DCC appears
      to depend on the presence of a coreceptor or accessory proteins.

PMID- 9950217
TI  - Differential regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma1
      (PPARgamma1) and PPARgamma2 messenger RNA expression in the early stages of
      adipogenesis.
AB  - Adipocyte differentiation is driven by the expression and activation of three
      transcription factor families: the differentially expressed CAAT/enhancer binding
      proteins (C/EBPs) alpha, beta, and delta; the helix-loop-helix adipocyte
      differentiation and determination factor-1; and peroxisome proliferator activated
      receptor gamma (PPARgamma), expressed as two isoforms, PPARgamma1 and the
      adipocyte-specific PPARgamma2. Overexpression of PPARgamma can induce adipocyte
      differentiation; therefore, we analyzed the expression of the two PPARgamma
      isoforms during early stages of differentiation to determine whether one was
      preferentially induced as an early determining event. Surprisingly, in the first
      24 h, a 3-6-fold increase of PPARgamma2 mRNA was observed, whereas PPARgamma1
      mRNA remained unchanged. PPARgamma1 was induced 1 day later. Overexpression of
      C/EBPbeta has also been shown to induce adipocyte differentiation. A C/EBP site
      was identified only in the human PPARgamma2 promoter. Its deletion blunted the
      response of PPARgamma2 promoter to cotransfected C/EBPbeta or
      methylisobutylxanthine treatment. We hypothesize that PPARgamma2 initiates
      adipocyte differentiation.

PMID- 9950218
TI  - Retinoic acid-mediated G1-S-phase arrest of normal human mammary epithelial cells
      is independent of the level of p53 protein expression.
AB  - Retinoids mediate the normal growth of a variety of epithelial cells and may play
      an important role in the chemoprevention of breast cancer. Despite the widespread
      clinical use of retinoids, specific target genes that are regulated by retinoids
      are relatively poorly characterized. We reported previously that all-trans
      retinoic acid (ATRA) mediates G1-S-phase arrest in normal human mammary
      epithelial cells (HMECs). The tumor suppressor gene p53 is thought to be a
      critical regulator of G1-S-phase arrest mediated by DNA-damaging agents such as
      chemotherapy and radiation. The role of p53 protein expression in G1-S-phase
      arrest mediated by the differentiating agent ATRA is unknown. Increased
      expression of p53 protein is observed in ATRA-treated HMECs at 72 h; however,
      initiation of G1-S-phase arrest starts at 24 h, suggesting that this observed
      induction of p53 is a secondary event. Using retroviral-mediated gene transfer,
      we expressed the E6 protein of the human papillomavirus strain 16 (HPV-16) in
      HMECs. The HPV-16 E6 protein binds to p53 and targets it for degradation. Western
      analysis confirmed that HPV-16 E6-transduced HMECs had markedly decreased levels
      of p53 protein expression. Suppression of cellular p53 levels in HMECs did not
      alter the sensitivity of HMECs to ATRA-mediated growth arrest. Our studies
      suggest that ATRA-mediated G1-S-phase arrest is independent of the level of p53
      protein expression. We also tested the ability of estrogen and antiestrogens to
      induce growth arrest in HMECs lacking p53 expression and found no decrease in the
      sensitivity of these cells to these agents. Our results emphasize the
      chemotherapeutic potential of ATRA and antiestrogens, particularly for
      suppressing the growth of tumors lacking functional p53.

PMID- 9950220
TI  - Scolex morphology of the cestode Silurotaenia siluri (Batsch, 1786)
      (Proteocephalidae: Gangesiinae), a parasite of European wels (Silurus glanis).
AB  - The morphology of the scolex of the tapeworm Silurotaenica siluri (Batsch, 1786)
      (Proteocephalidae: Gangesiinae), a specific parasite of European wels (Silurus
      glanis L.), was studied using light, scanning (SEM), and transmission electron
      (TEM) microscopy. The scolex of S. siluri is rather uniform in shape and size; it
      is globular, and has four prominent, anteriorly directed suckers and a spherical,
      muscular apical organ corresponding to the rostellum of cyclophyllidean cestodes.
      The rostellum-like apical organ is armed with five to six irregular rows of small
      hooklets with a wide, oval basal plate and a short, posteriorly curved blade. The
      excretory system of the scolex is formed by sinuous secondary canals ending
      blindly beneath the distal layer of the tegument, not opening outside. The
      surface of the scolex is covered with filiform microtriches; giant spine-like and
      blade-like microtriches, incorrectly interpreted as spines or hooklets in
      previous descriptions of S. siluri, are present on the neck region and posterior
      margins and internal cavities of the suckers. It is assumed that tegumental
      spines reported in the scolices of other proteocephalideans (subfamilies
      Acanthotaeniinae and Gangesiinae, genera Spasskyellina and Nomimoscolex) could
      indeed be spiniform microtriches.

PMID- 9950219
TI  - Shc dominant negative disrupts cell cycle progression in both G0-G1 and G2-M of
      ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells.
AB  - The Shc protein helps to transmit signals from receptor and cytoplasmic tyrosine
      kinases to Ras. We have shown that several breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-453,
      BT474, MDA-MB-361, and SKBR3), which overexpress the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine
      kinase, contain constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated Shc. To investigate the
      role of Shc in these cells, we transfected them with a Shc-Y317F dominant
      negative mutant defective in signaling to Ras. The transfectants were unable to
      form stable colonies, suggesting a critical role for Shc in the proliferation of
      these cells. In contrast, dominant-negative Shc transfectants of the
      nontransformed breast epithelial cell line HBL-100 grew normally. Surprisingly,
      cell cycle analysis of transfected SKBR3 cells suggested that the cells were
      blocked not only in G0-G1, but also in G2-M. The G2-M block was unexpected
      because Shc-Y317 is downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases that drive the early
      events in the cell cycle. Both the G0-G1 and G2-M arrest were rescued by
      transfection with wild-type Shc or oncogenic Ras 12V. Rescue by Ras suggests that
      Shc Y317 signals upstream of Ras, and that Shc to Ras effector pathways are
      involved in G2-M, although confirmation awaits a detailed molecular analysis.
      Most importantly, this work provides the first evidence for Shc involvement in G2
      M.

PMID- 9950221
TI  - Schistosomal granuloma modulation. I. Schistosoma mansoni worm antigens CAA and
      CCA prime egg-antigen-induced hepatic granuloma formation.
AB  - Adult Schistosoma mansoni worms can positively modulate soluble egg antigen (SEA)
      induced granulomas formed around SEA-coupled beads implanted in the liver. In
      this study, our aim was to further unravel the immunopathological characteristics
      of S.mansoni-worm-derived antigens in vivo. (a) Adult worm antigen (AWA)-coupled
      Sepharose beads, implanted into the liver, induced granulomas, containing
      numerous eosinophilic granulocytes and elicited marked periparticular fibrosis
      (composed of interstitial matrix proteins and basement membrane components). (b)
      Quantitative morphological analysis demonstrated that in naive mice, AWA-induced
      hepatic granuloma formation peaked in volume 16 days after injection of the
      beads. An accelerated response against AWA-coupled particles (peak volume at 8
      days) was observed in mice carrying a single-sex, male S. mansoni infection. (c)
      When the granuloma volume induced by SEA-coupled beads in unisexually S. mansoni
      infected mice was compared to granulomas induced by beads laden with both SEA and
      AWA in unsensitized mice, no significant differences in granuloma volume were
      seen, indicating the existence of in vivo egg/worm antigen cross-sensitization.
      (d) Naive mice, sensitized with the worm antigens circulating anodic antigen
      (CAA) or circulating cathodic antigen (CCA), mounted a strongly accelerated
      response towards SEA-coupled beads implanted in the liver. We infer that, in
      vivo, worm antigens cross-sensitize with egg antigens and have both
      granulomogenic and fibrogenic characteristics. The S. mansoni soluble worm
      antigens CCA and CAA prime hepatic egg-antigen-induced granuloma formation
      possibly through the presence of immunogenic carbohydrates. These mechanisms lead
      to an accelerated response against SEA.

PMID- 9950222
TI  - Schistosomal granuloma modulation. II. Specific immunogenic carbohydrates can
      modulate schistosome-egg-antigen-induced hepatic granuloma formation.
AB  - To further investigate the factors involved in the modulation of the schistosomal
      granuloma, mice were primed with immunogenic carbohydrates which were common to
      soluble egg antigen (SEA) and adult worm antigen. Mice sensitized with LewisX
      trisaccharide or lacto-N-fucopentaose-III (LNFP-III) displayed an increased
      cellular response towards SEA-coupled beads implanted in the liver by mesenteric
      injection, resulting in the formation of larger periparticular granulomas. When
      animals were sensitized with bovine serum albumin or a structurally related
      carbohydrate, an accelerated response was not seen. Since LNFP-III is built up of
      LewisX molecules, and LewisX carbohydrates are common to SEA and worm antigens
      such as the gut-secreted antigens CCA and CAA (two antigens that could prime egg
      antigen-induced granuloma formation), this may explain why adult, live
      Schistosoma mansoni worms positively modulate egg-antigen-induced hepatic
      granuloma formation in the murine host. These observations provide new insights
      into the role of carbohydrates in parasite-host immunity and may yield important
      implications for choosing worm-derived antigens for the development of anti
      schistosome vaccines.

PMID- 9950223
TI  - Strain-specific recognition of live Leishmania donovani promastigotes by
      homologous antiserum raised against a crude membrane fraction of infected
      macrophages.
AB  - Surface antigens on Leishmania promastigotes and infected macrophages are obvious
      targets in immunoprophylaxis for leishmanial infection. We have recently
      demonstrated that the polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibodies generated by
      homologous immunizations with the crude membranes of parasite-infected cells
      react effectively with the 'neo-antigenic' determinants on the infected cell
      surface. In the present study, we investigated the utility of such polyclonal
      antisera for identifying 'minor' surface components of promastigotes. The
      reactivity of anti-Leishmania donovani-(strain RMRI68) infected macrophage
      membrane (anti-IMm) antiserum was compared with that of anti-promastigote (anti
      Pr) antiserum towards the infected macrophage surface and promastigotes of three
      Indian strains of L. (donovani, RMRI68, AG83 and DD8. While anti-Pr antiserum
      showed no reactivity with the infected macrophage surface but reacted strongly
      with air dried and live promastigotes of all three strains, anti-IMm antiserum
      reacted with the infected cell surface and, interestingly, specifically
      recognized live promastigotes of the strain used for infection, i.e., strain
      RMRI68. The reactivity patterns of the two antisera with the immunodominant
      components of the L. donovani promastigote surface, i.e., purified LPG-KMP11
      complex and gp63 molecules, indicated that unlike anti-Pr antiserum, the
      specificities in anti-IMm antiserum were mainly directed towards molecules other
      than the LPG-KMP11 complex and gp63. Antiserum generated in a similar fashion
      against the macrophage membrane of cells infected in vitro with strain AG83 also
      contained antibodies specific to strain AG83 promastigotes. The present approach
      may therefore greatly help in identifying specific antigen(s) important in
      clinical and epidemiological control of leishmaniasis.

PMID- 9950224
TI  - RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity associated with virus-like dsRNA in Eimeria
      maxima and E. necatrix of the domestic fowl.
AB  - RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) activity was identified in lysates of Eimeria
      maxima sporozoites and E. necatrix sporozoites and merozoites. Pretreatment of
      cell lysates with DNase I, RNase A, proteinase K and actinomycin D prior to RDRP
      assay was employed to characterize RDRP activity. DNase I and actinomycin D had
      little effect, while proteinase K abolished RDRP activity in both species. RNase
      A at a concentration of 1 mg/ml also reduced the polymerase activity in E. maxima
      and E. necatrix sporozoite lysates to 2% and 0%, respectively. Gel
      electrophoresis of RDRP products revealed that while most migrated at sizes less
      than 3 kb, a proportion of labelled products of E. necatrix and E. maxima also
      migrated to the sizes of their respective putative viral genomes. The RDRP
      products of E. necatrix were shown to be single-stranded by digestion with RNase
      in both low- and high-salt solutions and by methylmercuric hydroxide treatment.
      Moreover, the RDRP products of E. necatrix only hybridized to the 5.6-kb dsRNA of
      E. necatrix but not to the 4.5-kb dsRNAs of E. necatrix or E. maxima.

PMID- 9950225
TI  - Evaluation of the recovery of waterborne Giardia cysts by freshwater clams and
      cyst detection in clam tissue.
AB  - The Asian freshwater clam, Corbicula fluminea, inhabits environments recognized
      to be contaminated with waterborne Giardia cysts. Sixty-four tissue samples of
      Giardia-free clams were spiked with various numbers of Giardia duodenalis cysts
      within the range of 50-700 cysts. Regression analysis showed that paired numbers
      of spiked (x) versus recovered (y) cysts regressed significantly (P < 0.01)
      according to the equation y = 42.57 +/- 1.81x (+/- 64.3). The cyst detection
      threshold was 43 cysts/clam, the coefficient of determination was 77%, and the
      overall sensitivity of cyst detection was 42.9%. All 20 values of cyst numbers in
      clam tissue samples that were processed blind were located within the 95%
      prediction limits of the linear regression equation. The cyst retention rate of
      160 clams kept in an aquarium with 38 l of water spiked with 1.00 x 10(5) G.
      duodenalis cysts was approximately 1.3 x 10(3) cysts/clam. No waterborne cysts
      were detected by the membrane filtration method 90 min after spiking the aquarium
      water. G. duodenalis cysts were detected in clam tissue up to 3 weeks post
      exposure. Filtration of water by clams substantially depleted the aquarium water
      of its particulate matter. The sampling program demonstrated that the population
      of 160 clams examined during the study could be accurately assessed for exposure
      to waterborne Giardia cysts by random sampling of 86 (54%) clams. The results
      indicate that C. fluminea clams can be used for biological monitoring of
      contamination with Giardia.

PMID- 9950226
TI  - Reappraisal of vesicular types in the syncytial tegument of the Echinococcus
      granulosus protoscolex.
AB  - The structure, abundance, and distribution of tegumentary vesicles was compared
      among Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces that had been prepared for electron
      microscopy using four processing schedules: a conventional method, alternative
      fixations using uranyl acetate or osmium tetroxide-potassium ferricyanide, and a
      freeze-substitution method. Four morphologically distinct types of vesicles were
      found in the somal region. The morphology of the first form, with moderately
      electron-opaque contents, and the second form, with similar size and shape but
      containing an electron-opaque core, varied little among the preparation methods.
      Two additional forms of vesicles, with characteristic intensely electron-opaque
      contents, were revealed only after freeze-substitution. These elongate vesicles
      were also found in the scolex tegument where they were most conspicuous, and
      appeared markedly increased in number after freeze-substitution. Large, spherical
      vesicles with an electron-lucent core embedded in a dense matrix of fibrillar
      strands were the dominant vesicle forms in the scolex region after all methods of
      preparation. Fixation by osmium tetroxide-potassium ferricyanide revealed the
      presence of spherical vesicles with amorphous electron-opaque contents and a few
      inclusions. This form of vesicle was also observed after freeze-substitution, but
      the inclusions in the vesicular lumen were more numerous. The variation in the
      distribution of vesicle forms among the body regions strongly implies a variety
      of vesicle functions. In addition, our observations suggest that comparative
      studies of different fixative methods are necessary to demonstrate the detailed
      vesicular morphology of the tegument of E. granulosus and other cestodes.

PMID- 9950227
TI  - Characterization of a Plasmodium chabaudi gene encoding a protein with glutamate
      rich tandem repeats.
AB  - Several highly antigenic proteins containing tandem repeats rich in glutamic acid
      residues have been described in Plasmodium falciparum. However, relatively little
      information is available about analogous genes in rodent parasites. This report
      describes a 4.2-kb genomic DNA fragment from P. chabaudi with a deduced amino
      acid sequence that is predominantly glutamate-rich tandem repeats. Several
      different monoclonal antibodies raised against a 93-kDa P. chabaudi protein,
      which does not correspond to the cloned DNA fragment, recognize a recombinant
      protein expressed from the 4.2-kb DNA fragment. The only sequence similarities
      between these two genes are tandem repeats with a predominance of glutamate pairs
      followed by a hydrophobic residue. This repetitious-sequence motif may be the
      basis for the observed cross-reactivity. A similar motif has been demonstrated to
      be the basis for antibody cross-reactivity between glutamate-rich proteins of P.
      falciparum. The expression of multiple glutamate-rich proteins with cross
      reacting epitopes may be a general phenomenon in Plasmodium species.

PMID- 9950228
TI  - Trichinella spiralis: proteinases in the larvae.
AB  - Under in vitro conditions, muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis secreted minute
      amounts of a cysteine proteinase into the outer environment from the stichosome.
      The proteinase hydrolyzed azocoll at pH 5.0 but not a number of synthetic N
      blocked and N-unsubstituted proteinase substrates at this pH. The reducing
      compound dithioerythritol enhanced the enzyme activity, but the thiol-blocking
      reagent sodium-p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (0.1 mM) was without effect.
      Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) (2 mM) and leupeptin (100 mM) produced
      partial and complete inhibition, respectively, whereas soybean trypsin inhibitor,
      pepstatin A, and 1,10-phenanthroline were non-inhibitory. Calcium (1 mM) produced
      a slight decrease in the activity that was reversed by 1 mM EGTA. Although
      multiple proteinase activities were detected histochemically in the somatic
      muscles, stichosome, midgut, and genital primordium of the muscle larvae, none of
      these enzymes appeared to be the one secreted. Several histochemically
      demonstrable proteinases were also found in the cells of 48- to 72-h-old
      juveniles of the parasite. One was localized in the esophageal lumen and at or
      around the anterior esophagus of the larvae, where developing stichocytes are
      believed to occur. The proteinase hydrolyzed N-acetyl-L-methionine-L-naphthyl
      ester and was sensitive to the metal cation-complexing compound EGTA as well as
      to PMSF, an inhibitor of serine proteinases.

PMID- 9950229
TI  - Trichinella spiralis: in vitro cytotoxicity of peritoneal cells against
      synchronous newborn larvae of different age.
AB  - Two different immune sera obtained from mice infected with muscle larvae (ML) of
      Trichinella spiralis (oral infection) or injected with 20-h-old newborn larvae
      (NBL) via retro-orbital venous plexus (intraocular injection) were compared in
      antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity test. Four synchronous stages of NBL, 0
      2 h old, 22 24 h old, 46-48 h old and 6 days old (sNBL) were used to study
      susceptibility of larvae to the cytotoxic reaction of peritoneal cells.
      Peritoneal cells adhered to and destroyed sNBL of T. spiralis only in the
      presence of both immune sera. Living sNBL, living sNBL covered by peritoneal
      cells and dead sNBL were observed in all experimental groups. The lowest
      percentage of dead sNBL was detected in the 22- to 24-h-old groups. A dramatic
      increase in mortality was observed in older groups. A greater susceptibility of
      sNBL to serum obtained from mice infected per os with ML was observed. Serum
      obtained after oral infection showed higher levels of IgG1 isotype specific to ML
      than serum obtained after ocular injection.

PMID- 9950230
TI  - Proteolytic activity of the Gymnorhynchus gigas plerocercoid: purification and
      properties of a collagenase from the crude extract.
AB  - The present report demonstrates that the Gymnorhynchus gigas plerocercoid
      possesses various types of endo- and exoproteases with activity against general
      (azocoll, azocasein, and azoalbumin) and specific substrates (elastin, keratin,
      collagen, hemoglobin, fibrinogen, plasma, and immunoglobulin G). The activity
      against collagen is principally due to a 24-kDa collagenase with an isoelectric
      point of 7.5 and without isoforms or sugar residues. Moreover, its high degree of
      proteolytic activity against collagen under conditions similars to those
      encountered by the parasite in its hosts (pH and temperature) and its similarity
      to metallo- and cysteine proteases (the principal protease types implicated in
      degradation of tissues) suggests the importance of this molecule as a lytic
      enzyme principally implicated in penetration processes across the teleost muscle
      or/and into the gastrointestinal system of elasmobranch fishes as well as in
      molting processes.

PMID- 9950231
TI  - Immunogenicity of three oocyst extracts of Cryptosporidium baileyi in
      experimentally infected chickens.
AB  - The immunogenic properties of water-soluble and detergent-extracted components of
      Cryptosporidium baileyi oocysts were studied. Oocyst cytosol antigen (OCA)
      containing hydrophilic proteins was obtained by freeze-thaw cycles in liquid
      nitrogen. This was followed by Triton X-114 extraction of remaining oocyst
      fragments to dissolve membrane-bound proteins (TRE). The remainder of the pellet
      was solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate and treated with 2-mercaptoethanol to
      reduce disulfide-linked oocyst wall proteins (BME). The immune recognition of
      these three extracts was evaluated during the course of experimental
      cryptosporidiosis in chickens using ELISA, immunoblotting, and the lymphocyte
      stimulation test (LST). Four groups of chickens were infected at various times
      with different doses of C. baileyi and one group with the mammalian parasite C.
      parvum. Analysis of the data revealed that OCA proteins are well recognized by
      serum antibodies during the infection and to a limited extent by sera from
      chickens infected with C. parvum. Humoral responses of chicken groups to this
      antigen did not correlate well with the length of patency in contrast with its
      cellular recognition in LST. TRE gave lower values than OCA in both ELISA and
      LST, though it was still specifically recognized by samples from C. baileyi
      infected chickens. Antibodies reacted aspecifically with BME, since only samples
      of birds which were immunocompetent at the time of their infection were able to
      recognize this extract as antigen. Immunoblotting revealed more specific
      components in OCA than in TRE or BME.

PMID- 9950232
TI  - Protection of hamsters from amebic liver abscess formation by a monoclonal
      antibody to a 150-kDa surface lectin of Entamoeba histolytica.
AB  - We examined the effects of passive immunization with a monoclonal antibody
      (EH3015) that recognizes a 150-kDa surface lectin of Entamoeba histolytica on
      amebic liver-abscess formation in hamsters. The hamsters were inoculated i.p with
      0.1, 1.0, or 10 mg of EH3015 at 24 h prior to an intrahepatic challenge with
      10(5) trophozoites of E. histolytica. In hamsters treated with 1.0 and 10 mg of
      EH3015 the incidence of liver abscesses was significantly reduced. These results
      demonstrate that monoclonal antibody EH3015 can prevent the development of amebic
      liver abscesses and that the 150-kDa lectin may be a protective antigen on the
      surface of E. histolytica.

PMID- 9950233
TI  - Role of dietary fat in the causation of breast cancer: point.

PMID- 9950234
TI  - Role of dietary fat in the causation of breast cancer: counterpoint.

PMID- 9950235
TI  - Meat consumption, genetic susceptibility, and colon cancer risk: a United States
      multicenter case-control study.
AB  - Meat consumption may especially increase risk of colon cancer when the meat is
      prepared at high temperatures and consumed by subjects with an inherited
      susceptibility to well-done meat. In this United States case-control study, the
      association between meat consumption, genetic susceptibility, and colon cancer
      risk was studied. Meat consumption data were available from a detailed diet
      history questionnaire and from questions about methods of preparation. Molecular
      variants in the carcinogen-metabolizing genes NAT2 and GSTM1 were determined in
      DNA extracted from WBCs. A total of 1542 cases and 1860 population-based controls
      were included in these analyses. The amount of red and white meat consumed was
      not associated with overall colon cancer risk. Processed meat consumption was
      weakly positively associated with colon cancer risk in men only (odds ratio for
      highest versus lowest quintile of intake = 1.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.0
      1.9). The frequency of fried, broiled, baked, or barbecued meat, use of
      drippings, and doneness of meat were not significantly associated with risk. The
      Mutagen Index, as an estimate for exposure to mutagenic or carcinogenic
      substances, was slightly positively associated with colon cancer risk in men
      (odds ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.0-1.7). No significant
      associations with colon cancer risk were observed for different NAT2 and GSTM1
      gene variants. The observed associations with processed meat and the Mutagen
      Index were strongest for those with the intermediate or rapid NAT2 acetylator
      phenotype. Associations were not markedly influenced by lack of the GSTM1 gene.
      This study provides little support for an association between meat consumption
      and colon cancer risk but does provide some, albeit not strong, evidence for a
      modifying effect of molecular variants of the NAT2 gene.

PMID- 9950236
TI  - Dietary factors and risks for prostate cancer among blacks and whites in the
      United States.
AB  - Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men in the United States, with
      substantially higher rates among American blacks than whites. We carried out a
      population-based case-control study in three geographic areas of the United
      States to evaluate the reasons for the racial disparity in incidence rates. A
      total of 932 men (449 black men and 483 white men) who had been newly diagnosed
      with pathologically confirmed prostate cancer and 1201 controls (543 black men
      and 658 white men) were interviewed in person to elicit information on potential
      risk factors. This report evaluates the impact of dietary factors, particularly
      the consumption of animal products and animal fat, on the risk of prostate cancer
      among blacks and whites in the United States. Increased consumption (grams/day)
      of foods high in animal fat was linked to prostate cancer (independent of intake
      of other calories) among American blacks [by quartile of intake, odds ratio (OR)
      = 1.0 (referent), 1.5, 2.1, and 2.0; Ptrend = 0.007], but not among American
      whites [by quartile of intake, OR = 1.0 (referent), 1.6, 1.5, and 1.1; Ptrend =
      0.90]. However, risks for advanced prostate cancer were higher with greater
      intake of foods high in animal fat among blacks [by quartile of intake, OR = 1.0
      (referent), 2.2, 4.2, and 3.1; Ptrend = 0.006] and whites [by quartile of intake,
      OR = 1.0 (referent), 2.2, 2.6, and 2.4; Ptrend = 0.02]. Increased intake of
      animal fat as a proportion of total caloric intake also showed positive but
      weaker associations with advanced prostate cancer among blacks (Ptrend = 0.13)
      and whites (Ptrend = 0.08). No clear associations were found with vitamin A,
      calcium, or specific lycopene-rich foods. The study linked greater consumption of
      fat from animal sources to increased risk for prostate cancer among American
      blacks and to advanced prostate cancer among American blacks and whites. A
      reduction of fat from animal sources in the diet could lead to decreased
      incidence and mortality rates for prostate cancer, particularly among American
      blacks.

PMID- 9950237
TI  - Urinary excretion of isoflavonoids and the risk of breast cancer.
AB  - Isoflavonoids are a group of biologically active phytochemicals that humans are
      exposed to mainly through soy food intake. Because of the similar chemical
      structure of these compounds and estradiol, it has been hypothesized that
      isoflavonoids may be related to the risk of breast cancer. Overnight urine
      samples from 60 incident breast cancer cases and their individually matched
      controls were assayed for urinary excretion rates of five major isoflavonoids
      (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, equol, and O-desmethylangolensin) and total
      phenols. These subjects were from a large population-based case-control study
      conducted in Shanghai, and urine samples from breast cancer cases were collected
      before any cancer therapy to minimize the potential influence of the disease and
      its sequelae on study results. Urinary excretion of total phenols and all
      individual isoflavonoids, particularly glycitein, was substantially lower in
      breast cancer cases than controls. For total isoflavonoids, the mean excretion
      was 13.95 nmol/mg creatinine (SD, 20.76 nmol/mg creatinine) for cases and 19.52
      nmol/mg creatinine (SD, 25.36 nmol/mg creatinine) for controls (P for difference
      = 0.04). The case-control difference was more evident when median levels of these
      compounds were compared, with the median excretion of all major isoflavonoids
      being 50-65% lower in cases than in controls. Individuals in the highest tertile
      of daidzein, glycitein, and total isoflavonoids had about half the cancer risk of
      those in the lowest tertile. The adjusted odds ratio for breast cancer was 0.14
      (95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.88) for women whose urinary excretion of both
      phenol and total isoflavonoids was in the upper 50% compared with those in the
      lower 50%. The results from this study support the hypothesis that a high intake
      of soy foods may reduce the risk of breast cancer.

PMID- 9950238
TI  - Polychlorinated biphenyls, cytochrome P4501A1 polymorphism, and postmenopausal
      breast cancer risk.
AB  - In experimental systems, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) induce cytochrome
      P4501A1 (CYP1A1), which is involved in metabolism of steroid hormones and
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in humans. A genetic polymorphism coding for a
      valine to isoleucine substitution in exon 7 has been associated with lung cancer
      risk in Japanese populations. In a previous study, we found no association
      between CYP1A1 genotype and breast cancer risk. However, we were interested in
      determining whether genotype would relate to risk when PCB body burden was taken
      into account. In a subset of a case-control study in western New York, 154
      postmenopausal women with incident, primary, histologically confirmed
      postmenopausal breast cancer and 192 community controls were interviewed and
      underwent phlebotomy. Serum levels of 56 PCB peaks were determined by high
      resolution gas chromatography with electron capture. PCR-RFLP analyses of the
      CYP1A1 polymorphism were performed. Unconditional logistic regression was used to
      compute adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Among women with serum
      PCB levels above the median of the distribution in the control group, there was
      increased risk of breast cancer associated with the presence of at least one
      valine allele, compared with women who were homozygous for the isoleucine alleles
      (odds ratio, 2.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-7.36). Among women with low PCB
      body burden, no association between CYP1A1 genotype and breast cancer risk was
      observed. Adjustment for serum lipids and body mass index did not affect the
      magnitude of the observed associations. PCB body burden may modify the effect of
      the polymorphism on postmenopausal breast cancer risk through increased CYP1A1
      enzyme induction or by activation by specific PCB congeners. These results should
      be considered preliminary, pending replication by other studies.

PMID- 9950239
TI  - Independent and joint effects of family history and lifestyle on colorectal
      cancer risk: implications for prevention.
AB  - It has been suggested that, for a substantial proportion of "sporadic" colorectal
      cancers (CRCs), inheritance determines individual susceptibility and that
      lifestyle determines which susceptible individuals express cancer. Because the
      genetic basis of this inherited susceptibility remains undefined, we used family
      history of the disease as a proxy for a genetic predisposition to examine its
      interactions with a variety of lifestyle factors in a large population-based case
      control study of CRC. The subjects were 698 male and 494 female Japanese,
      Caucasian, Filipino, Hawaiian, and Chinese patients diagnosed with CRC in Hawaii
      during 1987-1991 and 1192 population controls matched to cases on age, sex, and
      ethnicity. Fourteen percent of the cases and 6% of the controls reported a family
      history of CRC among parents or siblings. After adjusting for other covariates,
      significant interactions with family history were found for beef and ethanol
      intakes in males (P = 0.03). Relative to men without a family history and whose
      intake fell in the lower third, odds ratios (ORs) for CRC for men with a family
      history and in the upper tertile of intake were 10.8 [95% confidence interval
      (CI), 4.2-27.6] and 7.5 (CI, 3.1-18.2) for beef and ethanol, respectively. The
      corresponding ORs for men without a family history and in the upper tertile were
      1.5 (CI, 1.0-2.3) and 1.4 (CI, 1.0-1.9), respectively. No interactions were
      detected in women. Using a summary measure of lifestyle, we found that family
      history was not associated with CRC among men who were at the lower-risk tertile
      for all of the lifestyle risk factors. In contrast, the OR for men with a family
      history and at the higher-risk tertile for all of the lifestyle variables was
      11.7 (CI, 5.8-23.9). In the absence of a family history, this OR was 4.8 (CI, 3.2
      7.2). These data suggest that family history increases the risk of sporadic CRC
      in men mainly through its interaction with lifestyle exposures, primarily a high
      beef and ethanol intake, and are consistent with recent reports of effect
      modifications of dietary associations by metabolic genes. Computation of
      population attributable risks also suggested that a comprehensive reduction in
      exposure to lifestyle risk factors--and more specifically to ethanol and beef for
      individuals with a familial predisposition for the disease--may have a large
      beneficial effect on CRC incidence.

PMID- 9950240
TI  - Family history and prostate cancer risk in a population-based cohort of Iowa men.
AB  - A family history of prostate cancer has been associated with prostate cancer risk
      in most prior studies, and more limited data suggest that a family history of
      breast cancer may also be important; however, there are no data from a population
      based cohort study of prostate cancer incidence that adjusts for major
      confounders. We conducted follow-up through 1995 on 1557 men, ages 40-86 years,
      who were randomly selected (81% response rate) as cancer-free controls for a
      population-based case-control study conducted in Iowa from 1987-1989. Family
      history of cancer in parents and siblings was obtained using a mailed
      questionnaire. Incident cancers and deaths were ascertained through linkages to
      state and national databases; 101 incident cases of prostate cancer were
      identified. At baseline, 4.6% of the cohort reported a family history of prostate
      cancer in a brother or father, and this was positively associated with prostate
      cancer risk after adjustment for age [relative risk (RR) = 3.2; 95% confidence
      interval (CI), 1.8-5.7] or after multivariate adjustment for age, alcohol, and
      dietary factors (RR = 3.7; 95% CI, 1.9-7.2). Risk was greater if a brother had
      prostate cancer (RR = 4.5; 95% CI, 2.1-9.7) than if a father had prostate cancer
      (RR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0-5.3). Also at baseline, 9.6% of the cohort had a family
      history of breast and/or ovarian cancer in a mother or sister, and this was
      positively associated with prostate cancer risk (age-adjusted RR = 1.7; 95% CI,
      1.0-3.0; multivariate RR = 1.7; 95% CI, 0.9-3.2). Men with a family history of
      both prostate and breast/ovarian cancer were also at increased risk of prostate
      cancer (RR = 5.8; 95% CI, 2.4-14). There was no association with a family history
      of colon cancer. Exclusion of well-differentiated, localized tumors did not alter
      these findings. These data from an incidence study confirm that a family history
      of prostate cancer is a strong prostate cancer risk factor after adjustment for
      dietary and other risk factors, and suggest that selection and recall bias have
      not had an important influence on most case-control study results. These data
      also support the idea that a family history of breast cancer may also be a
      prostate cancer risk factor.

PMID- 9950241
TI  - Presentation with multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinomas: association of
      glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 genotypes with clinical phenotype.
AB  - We previously reported associations between numbers of basal cell carcinomas
      (BCCs) and glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) and cytochrome P450
      (CYP2D6) genotypes. Thus, although GSTM1 AB is protective, GSTM1 null, GSTT1
      null, and CYP2D6 EM are associated with increased numbers of lesions. Here, we
      examine the hypothesis that these genotypes are associated with high-risk
      subgroups. The subgroup studied comprised 119 patients with more than one
      previously unidentified BCC at first or later presentations [multiple
      presentation phenotype (MPP)]. These patients were part of a group of 773 BCC
      patients that also included 567 patients with one BCC and 87 patients with only
      one lesion at each presentation [single presentation phenotype (SPP)] but who
      developed multiple BCCs. The number of tumors in the MPP was significantly
      greater than that in the SPP groups. In the MPP but not SPP patients, GSTM1 AB,
      GSTT1 null, and CYP2D6 EM were significantly associated with BCC numbers,
      suggesting that previously observed associations reflect the influence of these
      genes only in the MPP cases. There was no evidence that MPP patients had received
      more UV exposure. We also determined whether the increased numbers of BCC in the
      MPP cases reflects an association with the truncal tumor phenotype. The values of
      the rate ratios indicated that the MPP is a marker for the risk of many BCCs,
      although the combination of MPP and a truncal tumor is a higher-risk phenotype.
      The data demonstrate the heterogeneity in BCC patients, which reflects
      differences in genetic factors that determine skin response to UV.

PMID- 9950242
TI  - Colorectal adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps: smoking and N-acetyltransferase 2
      polymorphisms.
AB  - Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is involved in both the detoxification and
      bioactivation of carcinogenic arylamines and other mutagens. This enzyme is
      polymorphic, and the fast and slow phenotypes are thought to be risk factors for
      colon and bladder cancer, respectively. Here, we report on a case-control study
      of adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps, with particular attention to tobacco
      smoking, a known risk factor for adenomas, and polymorphisms of NAT2. All
      participants underwent complete colonoscopy and were subsequently divided into
      case and control groups on the basis of pathology. Cases were diagnosed with
      confirmed adenomas (n = 527) or hyperplastic polyps (n = 200); controls (n = 633)
      had no history of colonic neoplasia and no polyps at colonoscopy. NAT2 genotype
      was determined using an oligonucleotide ligation assay and fast, intermediate, or
      slow phenotype imputed. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95%
      confidence intervals were computed using logistic regression adjusting for age,
      sex, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and hormone replacement therapy
      use. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of adenomas [current versus
      never smoking OR = 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.4-2.9)] and hyperplastic
      polyps [current versus never smoking OR = 4.1 (2.6-6.5)]. NAT2 status among
      adenomatous polyp patients and hyperplastic polyp patients, respectively, showed
      ORs of 1.1 (0.8-1.4) and 1.2 (0.8-1.6; intermediate versus slow) and 1.1 (0.6
      1.9) and 0.9 (0.4-1.9; fast versus slow). There were no differences in risk when
      adenoma patients were stratified on multiplicity, size, or histopathological
      subtype of polyps. Never-smokers showed no variation in risk across acetylator
      status for either species of polyp, whereas current smokers showed ORs of 2.0
      (1.2-3.2) and 2.3 (1.4-3.9) for adenomas and 3.9 (2.1-7.1) and 4.9 (2.6-9.4) for
      hyperplastic polyps for slow and intermediate/fast NAT2, respectively, compared
      with slow-NAT2 never-smokers. Risks of both multiple [OR = 4.3 (2.1-8.8)] and
      large [OR = 3.8 (1.9-7.5)] adenomas were somewhat elevated in current smokers
      with an intermediate/fast phenotype compared with smokers with a slow NAT2
      phenotype, but the interaction was not statistically significant. Risk of
      hyperplastic polyps and adenomatous polyps is strongly related to smoking. There
      is little suggestion of interaction between NAT2 status and smoking and no
      relationship with NAT2 genotype alone.

PMID- 9950243
TI  - Polymorphisms in the DNA repair gene XPD: correlations with risk and age at onset
      of basal cell carcinoma.
AB  - The XPD protein has a dual function, both in nucleotide excision repair and in
      basal transcription. We have studied the role of two nucleotide substitutions in
      the XPD gene, one in exon 23 leading to an amino acid substitution (Lys751Gln)
      and one silent in exon 6 in relation to basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Both are two
      allele polymorphisms, with the nucleobases A and C at the given positions. We
      genotyped psoriasis patients with and without BCC and nonpsoriatic persons with
      and without BCC (4 x 20 persons). The choice to study psoriasis patients was
      motivated by their high genotoxic exposure via treatment and their high relative
      rate of early BCC. Subjects carrying two A alleles (AA genotype) in exon 23 were
      at 4.3-fold higher risk of BCC than subjects with two C alleles (95% CI, 0.79
      23.57). In addition, the mean age at first skin tumor for BCC cases with the AA
      genotype was significantly lower than the mean age for BCC cases with the AC or
      CC genotype (P = 0.012). Thus, the variant C-allele of exon 23 may be protective.
      The exon 6 genotype was associated with the risk of BCC among the psoriasis
      patients; psoriatics carrying two A alleles in exon 6 were at 5.3-fold higher
      risk of BCC than psoriatics with two C alleles (95% CI, 0.78-36.31). For the
      psoriatics, the mean age at onset of BCC for cases with the AA genotype was
      marginally lower than the mean age for cases with genotype AC or CC (P = 0.060).
      Our results raise the possibility that the polymorphisms in the XPD gene may be
      contributing factors in the risk of BCC development. They are, therefore,
      important candidates for future studies in susceptibility to cancer.

PMID- 9950244
TI  - Human salivary tea catechin levels and catechin esterase activities: implication
      in human cancer prevention studies.
AB  - Because of the possible application of tea in the prevention of oral and
      esophageal cancers, the salivary levels of tea catechins were determined in six
      human volunteers after drinking tea. Saliva samples were collected after
      thoroughly rinsing the mouth with water. After drinking green tea preparations
      equivalent to two to three cups of tea, peak saliva levels of (-)
      epigallocatechin (EGC; 11.7-43.9 microg/ml), EGC-3-gallate (EGCG; 4.8-22
      microg/ml), and (-)-epicatechin (EC; 1.8-7.5 microg/ml) were observed after a few
      minutes. These levels were 2 orders of magnitude higher than those in the plasma.
      The elimination half-life (t(1/2)) of the salivary catechins was 10-20 min, much
      shorter than that of the plasma. Holding a tea solution in the mouth for a few
      minutes without swallowing produced even higher salivary catechin levels, but
      taking tea solids in capsules resulted in no detectable salivary catechin level.
      Holding an EGCG solution in the mouth resulted in EGCG and EGC in the saliva and,
      subsequently, EGC in the urine. The results suggest that EGCG was converted to
      EGC in the oral cavity, and both catechins were absorbed through the oral mucosa.
      A catechin esterase activity that converts EGCG to EGC was found in the saliva.
      The enzyme was likely of human origin, but the activity was not inhibited by
      common human esterase inhibitor. The present results suggest that slowly drinking
      tea is a very effective way of delivering rather high concentrations of catechins
      to the oral cavity and then the esophagus.

PMID- 9950245
TI  - Evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in exfoliated oral
      cells by an immunohistochemical assay.
AB  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts were evaluated in oral cells from 98
      healthy volunteers by an immunohistochemical method using a specific antiserum
      against benzo(a)pyrene-DNA adducts revealed by the immunoperoxidase reaction.
      Mean adduct content, determined as relative staining intensity by absorbance
      image analyzer, was significantly higher in the cells from tobacco smokers
      compared with nonsmokers (330 +/- 98, n = 33 versus 286 +/- 83, n = 64,
      respectively) with a P = 0.013 obtained by two-sample t test with equal
      variances. We found that in the smoker group, the PAH-DNA adduct content
      increases with the number of cigarettes. Thus, the relative staining intensity
      was 305 +/- 105 in the group smoking 1-10 cigarettes/day (n = 16), 347 +/- 77 in
      the 11-20 group (n = 14), and 386 +/- 112 in the group smoking more than 20
      cigarettes/day (n = 3; P = 0.03 by nonparametric test for trend). No significant
      association was detected between PAH-DNA adducts in oral cells and variables such
      as residential area, oral infections, alcohol or vitamin intake, grilled food
      consumption, and professional activity. This work confirms and extends previous
      data suggesting that this immunohistochemical method might be used as a valuable
      dosimeter of genotoxic damage in a carcinogen-exposed population, although
      further studies are needed to verify the applicability of the test in high-risk
      populations other than smokers.

PMID- 9950246
TI  - Is HIV infection a cofactor for cervical squamous cell neoplasia?
AB  - The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that HIV interacts with
      human papilloma virus (HPV) to increase the odds of cervical neoplasia. The study
      design was a meta-analysis using data pooled from published sources. Studies
      published between January 1986 and March 1998 were eligible for inclusion if they
      included data on neoplasia (cytology-based), HIV (defined by laboratory and/or
      standard clinical criteria), and HPV (assessed by PCR, Southern blot, dot-blot
      hybridization, or cytology of an otherwise well designed study) among nonpregnant
      women. Blinded data abstraction was performed independently by the investigators.
      There were 15 studies that were eligible and presented data in a format that
      could be abstracted for analysis. Data were pooled using a Mantel-Haenszel
      summary odds ratio (OR); generalized estimation regression equations were used to
      examine independent effects of HIV and HPV. Overall, based on the Mantel-Haenszel
      ORs, there was a strong overall association between HPV and neoplasia [OR, 8.1;
      95% confidence interval (CI), 6.5-10.1]. Stratifying by HIV status, HIV-positive
      women had higher odds of disease (OR, 8.8; 95% CI, 6.3-12.5) than HIV-negative
      women (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 3.7-6.8). In the regression model, there was an
      interaction between HPV and HIV (P = 0.01); immunosuppression also tended to
      predict neoplasia (P = 0.058). HIV seems to be a cofactor in the association
      between HPV and cervical neoplasia; this effect may vary by level of immune
      function. These speculations are biologically plausible. Additional data from
      large, well designed studies are needed to confirm these hypotheses.

PMID- 9950247
TI  - An international evaluation of the cancer preventive potential of vitamin A.
AB  - The IARC convened a Working Group of experts in May 1998 to evaluate the cancer
      preventive potential of vitamin A and to compile the third volume of the IARC
      Handbooks of Cancer Prevention. The handbook is intended to provide a
      comprehensive review of the relevant information in the published scientific
      literature through April 1998 on the role of vitamin A in cancer prevention. The
      focus of this critical review and commentary is on retinol and the retinyl
      esters. Much of the scientific literature in this field overlaps with studies
      involving vitamin A metabolites, vitamin A precursors, and studies of total
      dietary vitamin A (which is a combination of preformed vitamin A and its
      precursors), so work from this wide range of research is included in this review
      when it is deemed relevant to our understanding of the effects of retinol or
      retinyl esters on cancer development. The observed effects of preformed vitamin A
      on cell and organ culture, on animal models, in dietary observational
      epidemiological studies, and in human intervention studies was reviewed in the
      meeting. In summary, there is little evidence that vitamin A intake has any
      substantial cancer-preventive effects.

PMID- 9950248
TI  - Correspondence re: S. D. Stellman et al., relative abundance of organochlorine
      pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in adipose tissue and serum of women in
      Long Island, New York. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 7: 489-496, 1998.

PMID- 9950249
TI  - Oral lesions in children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus
      infection.
AB  - Fifteen vertically HIV-infected children aged between 2 and 12 years were
      followed up for 1 year, weekly to monthly, to study the incidence of oral
      lesions. At the time of first examination, oral candidiasis (OC) was observed in
      nine children. Seven children presented with the erythematous type only and two
      with pseudomembranous oral candidiasis. Four cases of cheilitis were seen in
      association with the erythematous forms of oral candidiasis. One erythematous
      candidiasis progressed to pseudomembranous form. A second case of erythematous
      OC, after multiple recurrences in the form of erythematous OC, recurred as
      pseudomembranous OC. Another case of erythematous OC and one of pseudomembranous
      OC presented after multiple recurrences as a persistent, adherent
      pseudomembranous OC. An orofacial herpes-zoster infection, a hairy leukoplakia
      and a necrotic lingual ulcer were observed as second lesions and in association
      with oral candidiasis in three children. Erythematous oral candidiasis was the
      most frequent oral HIV-related lesion, was observed in different stages of HIV
      infection, and in some cases progressed to pseudomembranous candidiasis. A
      different, selectively resistant, Candida clone was isolated in three cases of
      recurrent candidiasis.

PMID- 9950250
TI  - Immunohistochemical expression of p53, MDM2, Ki-67 and PCNA in central giant cell
      granuloma and giant cell tumor.
AB  - Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a reactive bone lesion that occurs mainly
      in the jaws. The giant cell tumour (GCT) is a benign locally aggressive neoplasm
      located near the articular end of tubular bones. Both lesions are characterised
      histologically by multinucleated giant cells in a background of ovoid to spindle
      shaped mesenchymal cells. There is a basic question whether both lesions are
      separate entities or variants of the same disease. The study of cell cycle
      associated proteins may give insights into clarifying such question. The
      expression of these proteins is also important to determine the cell cycle
      regulation in both tumours. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the
      immunohistochemical expression of p53, MDM2, Ki-67 and PCNA in CGCG and GCT. The
      results demonstrated that, despite the lack of p53 immunoreactivity, all the
      samples showed wide expression of MDM2. The percentage of Ki-67- and PCNA
      positive cells in CGCG was statistically higher than that of GCT Our findings
      show that CGCG has a higher proliferative activity compared with that of the GCT.
      Our results also suggest that p53 inactivation by MDM2 expression may be involved
      in the pathogenesis of giant cell lesions of the jaws and long bones.

PMID- 9950251
TI  - Deficiency in collagen and fibronectin phagocytosis by human buccal mucosa
      fibroblasts in vitro as a possible mechanism for oral submucous fibrosis.
AB  - Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), a chronic oral mucosal condition commonly found in
      south Asians, is a disorder characterized by a quantitative as well as a
      qualitative alteration of collagen deposition within the subepithelial layer of
      the oral mucosa. Since degradation of collagen by fibroblast phagocytosis is an
      important pathway for physiological remodelling of soft connective tissues, we
      have investigated phagocytosis of collagen- and fibronectin-coated latex beads by
      fibroblast cultures with an in vitro model system. Coated fluorescent latex beads
      were incubated with human oral mucosa fibroblasts and the fluorescence associated
      with internalized beads was measured by flow cytometry. Cells from normal tissues
      that had been incubated with beads for 16 h contained a mean of 75% collagen
      phagocytic cells and 70% fibronectin phagocytic cells; however, about 15% and 10%
      of phagocytic cells individually contained more than twice the mean number of
      beads per cell. In contrast, cells from OSF tissues exhibited a 40% reduction of
      the proportions of collagen phagocytic cells (mean=35%) and a 48% decrease of the
      proportions of fibronectin phagocytic cells (mean=22%), none of the cells having
      a high number of beads as compared to normal fibroblasts. OSF lesions appear to
      contain fibroblasts with marked deficiencies in collagen and fibronectin
      phagocytosis. To investigate if inhibition of phagocytosis could be demonstrated
      in vitro, normal fibroblast cultures were incubated with areca nut alkaloids
      (arecoline, arecaidine). The cultures had a dose-dependent reduction in the
      proportions of phagocytic cells. On the other hand, corticosteroid used in the
      treatment of OSF exhibited a dose-dependent enhancement in the proportion of
      phagocytic cells. Therefore, our hypothesis for OSF, although oversimplified, is
      that betel nut alkaloids (arecoline, arecaidine) inhibit fibroblast phagocytosis
      and this provides a mechanism for the development of OSF. The benefit of a local
      intralesional injection of corticosteroid is also possibly, at least in part,
      through an enhancement of fibroblast collagen phagocytosis.

PMID- 9950253
TI  - Expression of p53 protein correlates with decreased survival in patients with
      areca quid chewing and smoking-associated oral squamous cell carcinomas in
      Taiwan.
AB  - Expression of p53 protein was examined in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from
      patients who were areca quid (AQ) chewers and/or tobacco smokers, using anti-p53
      antibodies with an immunoperoxidase technique. Positive p53 stain was observed in
      47 of 81 (58%) cases of oral SCC. p53 overexpression was found to be higher in
      patients without AQ chewing and smoking habits than in patients with these two
      habits (80% vs 52%, P=0.076). No significant correlation was found between p53
      expression and the patients' age, sex, cancer location, clinical staging, primary
      tumor TNM status, or histological differentiation of SCC. The Kaplan-Meier
      analysis showed that the prognosis for patients with p53-negative tumors was
      significantly better than that for patients with p53-positive tumors (P<0.05). A
      significant correlation was also observed between positive lymph node status and
      poor prognosis (P<0.05). These results suggest that p53 may serve as an adjuvant
      marker of poor survival in patients with oral SCCs in Taiwan.

PMID- 9950252
TI  - Effects of areca nut, inflorescence piper betle extracts and arecoline on
      cytotoxicity, total and unscheduled DNA synthesis in cultured gingival
      keratinocytes.
AB  - Betel quid (BQ) chewing has a strong correlation with oral leukoplakia, submucous
      fibrosis and oral cancer. For elucidation of its pathogenesis, we investigated
      the effects of areca nut (AN) and inflorescence piper betle (IPB) extracts and
      arecoline on the growth, total DNA synthesis (TDS) and unscheduled DNA synthesis
      (UDS) of cultured human gingival keratinocytes (GK). Arecoline and AN extract
      suppressed the growth of GK over 5 days of incubation in a dose-dependent
      fashion. At concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 microg/ml, AN extract suppressed
      the growth of GK by 31%, 46% and 90%, respectively. The IPB extracts exerted less
      inhibitory effect on the growth of GK. IPB extract (200-400 microg/ml) decreased
      cell numbers by 20-40% over 5 days of incubation. Moreover, at a concentration of
      0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mM, arecoline suppressed cell growth by 44%, 77% and 96%,
      respectively. However, only AN extract induced TDS and UDS in cultured GK within
      6 h of exposure. Induction of UDS by AN extract was concomitant with the presence
      of apparent intracellular vacuolization. Arecoline was also toxic to GK, but did
      not induce intracellular vacuolization. At a concentration range of 200-1600
      microg/ml, AN extract induced TDS by 2.1- to 6.5-fold. Furthermore, at a
      concentration of 400-1600 microg/ml, AN extract elevated the UDS by 2.4- to 5.5
      fold more than that of untreated control. On the contrary, IPB extract (200-1600
      microg/ml) and arecoline (0.2-1.6 mM) inhibited the TDS and UDS of GK to a
      different extent. Simultaneous exposure of confluent GK to AN extract, IPB
      extract and arecoline for 1 to 5 days led to different degrees of cytotoxicity
      that was dose- and time-dependent. These results indicate that AN, IPB and
      arecoline take part in the pathogenesis of BQ chewing-related oral mucosal
      lesions, possibly through both genotoxic and non-genotoxic mechanisms.

PMID- 9950254
TI  - Aberrant expression of cyclin A and cyclin B1 proteins in oral carcinoma.
AB  - Cyclins play an important role in regulating the passage of dividing cells
      through critical checkpoints in the cell cycle. Aberrant expression of cyclin
      proteins has been found in a number of human cancers, including carcinomas of the
      head and neck, where amplification of the cyclin D1 gene is a common finding. The
      objective of this study was to examine cell cycle kinetics in oral carcinomas by
      determining the expression of the S phase protein cyclin A and the M phase
      protein cyclin B1. Routinely processed tissue sections of 50 oral squamous cell
      carcinomas from the floor of the mouth were stained by immunohistochemistry for
      cyclin A, cyclin B1 and Ki-67 proteins. Ten specimens of normal epithelium from
      the floor of the mouth were used as controls. The number of cells showing nuclear
      staining for cyclin A, cyclin B1 and Ki-67 proteins was determined by computer
      image analysis. There were 17 well-differentiated, 25 moderately differentiated
      and 8 poorly differentiated tumours. Mean counts for cyclin A (29.50+/-4.10,
      mean+/-95% CI), cyclin B1 (2.05+/-0.30) and Ki-67 (49.46+/-5.91) proteins in the
      carcinomas were significantly higher than counts for the normal epithelial
      controls (cyclin A: 9.30+/-1.72; cyclin B1: 1.01+/-0.36; Ki-67: 17.40+/-4.17).
      For cyclin A, cyclin B1 and Ki-67, mean staining scores for all tumour grades
      were significantly higher than controls. There was a strong correlation between
      Ki-67 and cyclin A scores in all tumour groups (r2=0.68); however, the
      correlations between cyclin B1 and cyclin A scores (r2=0.35) and between cyclin
      B1 and Ki-67 scores (r2= 0.39) were weak. We conclude that there is
      overexpression of cyclin A and cyclin B1 proteins in oral carcinoma. Furthermore,
      the poor correlations for cyclin B1 scores with other cell cycle indices suggest
      that there may be aberrant cell cycle progression at the G2/M checkpoint in oral
      carcinomas.

PMID- 9950255
TI  - Suppression of Fas receptor and negative correlation of Fas ligand with
      differentiation and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
AB  - Apoptosis and the expression of Fas receptor (Fas) and Fas ligand (FasL) were
      studied in 8 samples of normal oral mucosa (OM) and in 19 oral squamous cell
      carcinomas (OSCC) by immunohistochemistry and the TUNEL method. Fas was detected
      in less than 2% of cells in OSCC compared with 84.3+/-9.0% of cells in the basal
      layer in OM. FasL was found to be highly expressed in poorly differentiated
      lesions (90.9+/-3.6%), and in cells of both the basal (88.3+/-4.3%) and central
      (85.3+/-5.7%) parts of moderately differentiated lesions, whereas in well
      differentiated (WD) lesions expression was considerably lower in both basal
      (42.7+/-4.1%) and central (11.5+/-2.4%) parts. In normal OM FasL was primarily
      detected in cells of the basal layer, but in a high proportion of cells (84.9+/
      4.3%). Apoptotic cell death was greater in OSCC (1.6+/-0.6%) than in OM (0.6+/
      0.2%, P<0.05) and was most pronounced in the central part of WD OSCC (2.3+/
      0.5%). Our results show that Fas is expressed in low quantities in OSCC and that
      FasL expression correlates negatively with degree of differentiation and
      apoptosis in OSCC.

PMID- 9950256
TI  - Neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma of the oral mucosa: report of a case with
      immunohistochemical study and review of the literature.
AB  - Merkel cell carcinoma (Mcc) is an uncommon and aggressive tumour with
      neuroendocrine features that occur predominantly in the head and neck region. The
      rarity of this tumour, especially when it arises in the oral mucosa, makes both
      early identification and standardisation of treatment difficult, particularly as
      regards complementary treatment. The availability of monoclonal antibodies with
      restricted specificity for some antigens thought to be related to neuroendocrine
      carcinomas, such as Merkel cell carcinoma, and ultrastructural studies offer some
      new leads to investigation. This has allowed, a greater number of these tumours
      to be discovered, thereby increasing the chances of effective management. A case
      of Mcc of the floor of the mouth is reported, together with the results of
      cytokeratin, neuron specific enolase and chromogranin immunohistochemistry.

PMID- 9950257
TI  - Angiosarcoma of the tongue: report of a case with immunohistochemical findings.
AB  - A case report of angiosarcoma of the tongue is presented. The specimen revealed
      single and clustered large, pleomorphic, and spindle-shaped cells with a markedly
      hemorrhagic background. Tumor cells showed expression of thrombomodulin and E
      selectin, but no expression of Factor VIII-related antigen, Ulex europaeus
      agglutinin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and CD34. In the current study,
      immunohistochemical results using antibodies against thrombomodulin and E
      selection supported the diagnosis of angiosarcoma.

PMID- 9950258
TI  - Increased platelet sensitivity toward platelet inhibitors during physical
      exercise in patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - Generalized atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) are associated with
      endothelial dysfunction and during acute myocardial ischemia platelet activation
      has been reported. Activated platelets exert activated fibrinogen receptors (GP
      IIb/IIIa) and express CD 62p being regarded as reliable marker for platelet
      activation. Patients with angiographically proven CAD performed a bicycle
      exercise test until the onset of angina or ST-segment depression. We studied the
      ischemia-induced alterations in fibrinogen binding to activated platelet GP
      IIb/IIIa receptors and CD 62p expression. Therefore, the basal fibrinogen binding
      to GP IIb/IIIa and CD 62p expression and the thrombin-concentration for half
      maximal platelet activation before and after exercise testing were determined.
      Additionally, inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet activation by increasing
      concentrations of the prostacyclin-analog iloprost and the NO-donor SIN-1 was
      examined. In patients with CAD, a significantly reduced basal activation and a
      highly significant reduction in sensitivity towards thrombin was measured. The
      thrombin-induced expression of GP IIb/IIIa and CD 62p was significantly
      diminished in patients with CAD after physical exercise and their platelets were
      significantly more sensitive towards the inhibitory effects of iloprost and SIN
      1. These data demonstrate a significant reduction in platelet activation in
      response to physical exercise in patients with CAD and advanced atherosclerosis.
      Despite exercise induced myocardial ischemia as evidenced by angina and ECG
      changes, the platelets are not generally activated, as it could be expected.
      Thus, patients with myocardial ischemia experienced a reduced platelet activity
      and enhanced sensitivity towards prostacyclin (PGI2) and nitric oxide, probably
      due to an augmented release of endogenous platelet inhibitory mediators.

PMID- 9950259
TI  - C677T MTHFR mutation and factor V Leiden mutation in patients with TIA/minor
      stroke: a case-control study.
AB  - A common C677T mutation in the gene for the enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate
      reductase (5,10-MTHFR) has been linked to elevated levels of homocysteine and was
      therefore suspected to be a candidate genetic risk factor for arterial occlusive
      disease. Another mutation, factor V Leiden, has been established as a common
      hereditary risk factor for venous thrombosis, but its role in arterial disease
      remains controversial. We investigated the prevalence of both the C677T MTHFR
      mutation and the factor V Leiden mutation in 81 patients with transient ischemic
      attack (TIA) or minor stroke (MS) and in 81 age- and sex-matched control subjects
      free from clinically manifest vascular disease. We further compared clinical and
      laboratory data as well as clinical course of patients carrying the factor V
      Leiden mutation alone or in combination with the C677T MTHFR mutation and
      mutation-free patients. The prevalence of the MTHFR mutation did not differ
      between patients and control subjects with 11.1% homozygous carriers in both
      groups (OR for homozygous carriers 1.0; 95% CI 0.38-2.66). However, there was a
      trend towards a higher prevalence of carriers of factor V Leiden in patients
      (12.3%) than in control subjects (4.9%) (OR 2.75; 95% CI 0.83-9.17;p=0.09).
      Furthermore, we found some evidence that the combined occurrence of the C677T
      MTHFR mutation and factor V Leiden might unfavorably affect the clinical course
      of the disease, but the number of respective patients was small. Larger studies
      with a greater number of carriers of both the C677T MTHFR mutation and factor V
      Leiden seem therefore warranted.

PMID- 9950260
TI  - Measurement of prethrombotic markers in the assessment of acquired
      hypercoagulable states.
AB  - Hypercoagulable states can be detected by measuring activation peptides, enzyme
      inhibitor complexes, and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products, which are
      markers of hemostatic activation. A series of these prethrombotic markers has
      been evaluated in the elderly, pregnancy, diabetes and acute myocardial
      infarction patients (n=30 in each group) as well as in hematologic malignancies
      (n=42). The parameters assayed were: prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin
      antithrombin III complexes (TAT), fibrinopeptide A (FPA), plasmin-alpha2
      antiplasmin complexes (PAP) and D-Dimer. Results were compared with those
      obtained in a group of 30 healthy subjects. We found a significant increase of
      F1+2, TAT and FPA in elderly (p<0.05), acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
      (p<0.01), hematologic malignancies (p<0.01), and pregnancy (p<0.0001), indicating
      a marked clotting activation. Diabetic patients under strict metabolic control
      only presented a moderate increase of TAT (p<0.05), suggesting a slight
      activation. We also observed a highly significant elevation of PAP and D-Dimer in
      elderly (p<0.001), AMI (p<0.0001), and malignancy (p<0.0001), indicating an
      activation of the fibrinolytic system. The combination of selected fibrinolytic
      and coagulation measurements is useful for the detection of a hypercoagulable
      state in conditions characterized by a risk of thrombosis.

PMID- 9950261
TI  - Plasma from a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura induces
      endothelial cell apoptosis and platelet aggregation.

PMID- 9950262
TI  - Response to activated protein C upon storage of whole blood and plasma.

PMID- 9950263
TI  - Hyperhomocysteinaemia and endothelial dysfunction in peripheral arterial disease.

PMID- 9950264
TI  - Aurintricarboxylic acid inhibits apoptosis and supports proliferation in a
      haemopoietic growth-factor dependent myeloid cell line.
AB  - The actions of the nuclease inhibitor aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) were
      investigated in the growth-factor dependent murine myeloid cell line NSF-60. NSF
      60 cells proliferate in response to interleukin-3 (IL-3) and undergo apoptosis
      when deprived of exogenous IL-3, as demonstrated by the appearance of
      characteristic DNA 'ladders' following agarose gel electrophoresis. ATA, at
      concentrations between 5 and 25 microM, inhibited apoptosis in growth-factor
      deprived cells as demonstrated by inhibition of DNA fragmentation and increased
      cell survival. ATA at a concentration of 25 microM supported proliferation of the
      cell line in the absence of exogenous growth-factor. Both ATA and IL-3 increased
      protein phosphorylation in this cell line. ATA and IL-3 induced proliferation was
      inhibited by the kinase inhibitors genistein, staurosporine and H-7. These
      findings suggest that, in NSF-60, ATA is not acting exclusively as an
      endonuclease inhibitor and that protein phosphorylation is involved in the
      mechanism of action of ATA in this cell line.

PMID- 9950265
TI  - The role of aminopeptidase N in Met-enkephalin modulated superoxide anion
      release.
AB  - We have previously shown that methionine-enkephalin (MENK) alters in dose
      dependent fashion the capacity of human neutrophils to produce superoxide anion.
      The response of neutrophils from different donors was diverse and this effect
      could be due to variable activity of proteolytic enzymes involved in the
      degradation of the neuropeptide. In this study, we have demonstrated a highly
      individual aminopeptidase N (APN) activity of neutrophils from different donors.
      Preincubation of neutrophils with MENK, but not with the synthetic agonist of the
      mu (DAGO) or the delta (DPDPE) opioid receptor, down-regulated the APN activity.
      This was paralleled by a loss in cell surface expression of APN at physiological
      (10(-10) M) concentrations of MENK. The level of APN activity from different
      donors correlated with the effect of MENK on superoxide anion release.
      Neutrophils with low APN activity, if preincubated with MENK, released reduced
      amounts of superoxide anion. In contrast, neutrophils with high APN activity
      released increased amounts of superoxide anion after preincubation with MENK.
      Thus, the highly individual APN activity on the surface of neutrophils from
      different donors seems to be altered by MENK and to be related to the respiratory
      burst.

PMID- 9950267
TI  - Consequences of the photodynamic treatment of resting and activated peripheral T
      lymphocytes.
AB  - The impact of the immunomodulatory photosensitizer benzoporphyrin derivative
      monoacid ring A (BPD-MA, verteporfin) and visible light on the survival and
      surface receptor pattern of resting and activated murine T cells was evaluated. T
      cells treated for 48 h with immobilized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody upregulated
      expression of the interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain (CD25), transferrin receptor
      (CD71), the apoptosis-regulating Fas receptor (CD95), contained a greater level
      of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and accumulated significantly more BPD-MA
      than their unactivated counterparts. Activated T cells displayed a modestly
      greater susceptibility to the photodynamic induction of DNA fragmentation than
      resting T cells. Resting T cells treated with sub-lethal levels of BPD-MA and
      light did not exhibit changes in surface levels of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD28, CD45 or T
      cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain structures. However, levels of major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens were decreased while the
      density of Thy-1.2 (CD90) increased on these cells. Photodynamically treated T
      cells failed to express optimal CD25 levels when exposed to the mitogenic anti
      CD3 antibody. Activated T cells treated with sub-lethal levels of BPD-MA and
      light exhibited lower CD25 levels, a temporary block in cell cycle transition,
      but unaltered expression of MHC Class I, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45, CD54, CD71, CD122
      (IL-2R beta-chain) or TCR beta-chain antigens 24 h afterward. Resting and
      activated T lymphocytes differ in susceptibility to PDT-mediated apoptosis but
      both types are sensitive to anti-proliferative effects the treatment exerts at
      sub-lethal photosensitizer levels. The marked sensitivity of activated T cells to
      photodynamic inactivation likely contributes to the immunomodulatory action of
      BPD-MA.

PMID- 9950266
TI  - Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion of human
      monocytes is enhanced by serum binding proteins and depends on protein tyrosine
      kinase activation.
AB  - The acute phase protein, alpha1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), stimulated human
      mononuclear cells as well as monocytes to secrete tumor necrosis factor-alpha
      (TNFalpha) which was demonstrated by ELISA, RT-PCR and functional assays. AGP
      induced TNFalpha secretion of monocytes was enhanced in the presence of human
      plasma and inhibited by protein kinase inhibitors, indicating it is serum and
      tyrosine kinase dependent. The activation of tyrosine kinase in AGP-stimulated
      monocytes was further confirmed by immunoblotting of tyrosine phosphorylated
      proteins of monocytes at different time after AGP stimulation. Furthermore,
      several serum proteins such as C3, sCD14 and IgG were able to bind to AGP and
      enhanced TNFalpha secretion of human monocytes induced by AGP. Taken together,
      these results suggest serum proteins binding to AGP enhance its ability to
      stimulate human monocytes to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines through a
      tyrosine kinase dependent pathway.

PMID- 9950268
TI  - Trichilia glabra: effect on the phagocytic activity and respiratory burst
      response of peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - A diminution in the phagocytic capability and respiratory burst response of
      murine peritoneal macrophages was observed when these cells were treated 'in
      vitro' with Trichilia glabra leaf aqueous extract. The effect was not observed
      when non-specific phagocytosis was tested. The extract also inhibited binding of
      opsonized erythrocytes to macrophages, thus indicating that the observed
      antiphagocytic effect is possibly due to the failure of opsonized particles to
      bind to these cells. A low molecular weight fraction is responsible for the
      reported activities.

PMID- 9950269
TI  - Ultraviolet B (UVB) light-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast
      cells and its augmentation by certain phenothiazine compounds.
AB  - When rat peritoneal mast cells were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light (UVA, UVB
      and UVC), histamine release was evoked in a dose (intensity X time) dependent
      manner. The potency order of UV light in inducing the histamine release was UVC >
      UVB >> UVA. In this study, we focused on the effect of ultraviolet B (UVB) on
      histamine release from rat mast cells. The UVB-induced histamine release occurred
      at doses higher than 7.8 kJ m(-2), even at 4 degrees C. At a UVB dose of 18.8 kJ
      m(-2), where a 51.9+/-4.8% histamine release and a 58.8+/-6.8% degranulation took
      place, Trypan blue-stained cells accounted for 14.4+/-1.3% of the cells, and the
      lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was about 4.9+/-2.8%. This suggests that the
      membrane permeability to low molecular weight substances was increased by UVB
      exposure. The UVB-induced histamine release was inhibited by ascorbic acid at
      concentrations higher than 500 microM, suggesting the involvement of a radical
      reaction in the process. The UVB-induced histamine release was enhanced by some
      phenothiazine compounds, i.e., promethazine, trimeprazine, mequitazine,
      chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine, ethopropazine and thioridazine. We conclude that
      the phototoxicity of phenothiazine compounds may be due in part to an enhancement
      of UVB-induced histamine release from mast cells.

PMID- 9950270
TI  - Mediator-dependent effects of pentoxifylline on endothelium for transmigration of
      neutrophils.
AB  - In the present study, we investigated the effects of the anti-inflammatory drug
      pentoxifylline (PTX) on activation of endothelial cells for enhanced adhesion and
      transmigration of neutrophils by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor
      alpha (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G
      CSF). To evaluate the mechanism by which PTX exerts its effect, human umbilical
      vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were pretreated with theophylline, 2'-O-dibutyryl
      3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (db cAMP), and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine,
      respectively, prior to stimulation. Pretreatment of HUVEC with PTX significantly
      antagonized TNF-, IL-1-, and G-CSF-activated transmigration of neutrophils.
      Additive stimulatory effects of PTX were seen with LPS. With the exception of
      theophylline, all other test cAMP-raising agents stimulated transmigration in
      similar fashion to PTX. Upon stimulation with TNF or LPS, HUVEC produced IL-8 and
      PTX affected this process in opposing fashions, with inhibition of the effects of
      TNF and augmentation of those of LPS. These results demonstrate that PTX
      differentially affects mediator-induced activation of HUVEC. The present IL-8
      dependent and cAMP-regulated augmentation of LPS-induced stimulation of
      transmigration is the first description of an additive effect of PTX with a pro
      inflammatory agent.

PMID- 9950271
TI  - Artificial neural network as a novel method to optimize pharmaceutical
      formulations.
AB  - One of the difficulties in the quantitative approach to designing pharmaceutical
      formulations is the difficulty in understanding the relationship between causal
      factors and individual pharmaceutical responses. Another difficulty is desirable
      formulation for one property is not always desirable for the other
      characteristics. This is called a multi-objective simultaneous optimization
      problem. A response surface method (RSM) has proven to be a useful approach for
      selecting pharmaceutical formulations. However, prediction of pharmaceutical
      responses based on the second-order polynomial equation commonly used in RSM, is
      often limited to low levels, resulting in poor estimations of optimal
      formulations. The aim of this review is to describe the basic concept of the
      multi-objective simultaneous optimization technique in which an artificial neural
      network (ANN) is incorporated. ANNs are being increasingly used in pharmaceutical
      research to predict the non-linear relationship between causal factors and
      response variables. The usefulness and reliability of this ANN approach is
      demonstrated by the optimization for ketoprofen hydrogel ointment as a typical
      numerical example, in comparison with the results obtained with a classical RSM
      approach.

PMID- 9950272
TI  - Coumarinic acid-based cyclic prodrugs of opioid peptides that exhibit metabolic
      stability to peptidases and excellent cellular permeability.
AB  - To evaluate the cellular permeation characteristics and the chemical and
      enzymatic stability of coumarinic acid-based cyclic prodrugs 1 and 2 of the
      opioid peptides [Leu5]-enkephalin (H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH) and DADLE (H-Tyr-D
      Ala-Gly-Phe-D-Leu-OH), respectively. METHODS: The rates of conversion of the
      cyclic prodrugs 1 and 2 to [Leu5]-enkephalin and DADLE, respectively, in HBSS, pH
      7.4 (Caco-2 cell transport buffer) and in various biological media having
      measurable esterase activity were determined by HPLC. The cell permeation
      characteristics of [Leu5]-enkephalin, DADLE and cyclic prodrugs 1 and 2 were
      measured using Caco-2 cell monolayers grown onto microporus membranes and
      monitored by HPLC. RESULTS: In HBSS, pH 7.4, cyclic prodrugs 1 and 2 degraded
      chemically to intermediates that further degraded to [Leu5]-enkephalin and DADLE,
      respectively, in stoichiometric amounts. In 90% human plasma and rat liver
      homogenate, the disappearance of cyclic prodrugs 1 and 2 was significantly faster
      than in HBSS, pH 7.4. The half-lives in 90% human plasma and in rat liver
      homogenate were substantially longer after pretreatment with paraoxon, a known
      inhibitor of serine-dependent esterases. When applied to the AP side of a Caco-2
      cell monolayer, cyclic prodrug 1 exhibited significantly greater stability
      against peptidase metabolism than did [Leu5]-enkephalin. Cyclic prodrug 2 and
      DADLE exhibited similar stability when applied to the AP side of the Caco-2 cell
      monolayer. Prodrug 1 was 665-fold more able to permeate the Caco-2 cell
      monolayers than was [Leu5]-enkephalin, in part because of its increased enzymatic
      stability. Prodrug 2 was shown to be approximately 31 fold more able to permeate
      a Caco-2 cell monolayer than was DADLE. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclic prodrugs 1 and 2,
      prepared with the coumarinic acid promoiety, were substantially more able to
      permeate Caco-2 cell monolayers than were the corresponding opioid peptides.
      Prodrug 1 exhibited increased stability to peptidase metabolism compared to
      [Leu5]-enkephalin. In various biological media, the opioid peptides were released
      from the prodrugs by an esterase-catalyzed reaction, which is sensitive to
      paraoxon inhibition.

PMID- 9950274
TI  - Acyloxyalkoxy-based cyclic prodrugs of opioid peptides: evaluation of the
      chemical and enzymatic stability as well as their transport properties across
      Caco-2 cell monolayers.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the chemical and enzymatic stability, as well as the
      cellular permeation characteristics, of the acyloxyalkoxy-based cyclic prodrugs 1
      and 2 of the opioid peptides [Leu5]-enkephalin (H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH) and
      DADLE (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-D-Leu-OH), respectively. METHODS: The rates of
      conversion of 1 and 2 to [Leu5]-enkephalin and DADLE, respectively, were measured
      by HPLC in HBSS, pH = 7.4, and in various biological media (e.g., human plasma
      and Caco-2 cell and rat liver homogenates) having measurable esterase activity.
      The cellular permeation and metabolism characteristics of [Leu5]-enkephalin,
      DADLE and the cyclic prodrugs 1 and 2 were measured using Caco-2 cell monolayers
      grown onto microporous membranes and monitored by HPLC. RESULTS: Cyclic prodrugs
      1 and 2 degraded slowly but stoichiometrically to [Leu5]-enkephalin and DADLE,
      respectively, in HBSS, pH = 7.4. In homogenates of Caco-2 cells and rat liver, as
      well as 90% human plasma, the rates of disappearance of the cyclic prodrugs were
      significantly faster than in HBSS. The stabilities of the cyclic prodrugs 1 and 2
      were increased significantly in 90% human plasma and Caco-2 cell homogenates when
      paraoxon, a potent inhibitor of serine-dependent esterases, was included in the
      incubation mixtures. A similar stabilizing effect of paraoxon was not observed in
      50% rat liver homogenates, but was observed in 10% homogenates of rat liver. When
      applied to the AP side of a Caco-2 cell monolayer, DADLE and cyclic prodrugs 1
      and 2 exhibited significantly greater stability than [Leu5]-enkephalin. Based on
      their physicochemical properties (i.e., lipophilicity), cyclic prodrugs 1 and 2
      should have exhibited high permeation across Caco-2 cell monolayers.
      Surprisingly, the AP-to-BL apparent permeability coefficients (P(App)) for cyclic
      prodrugs 1 and 2 across Caco-2 cell monolayers were significantly lower than the
      P(App) value determined for the metabolically stable opioid peptide DADLE. When
      the P(App) values for cyclic prodrugs 1 and 2 crossing Caco-2 cell monolayers in
      the BL-to-AP direction were determined, they were shown to be 36 and 52 times
      greater, respectively, than the AP-to-BL values. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclic prodrugs 1
      and 2, prepared with an acyloxyalkoxy promoiety, were shown to degrade in
      biological media (e.g., 90% human plasma) via an esterase-catalyzed pathway. The
      degradation of cyclic prodrug 1, which contained an ester formed with an L-amino
      acid, degraded more rapidly in esterase-containing media than did prodrug 2,
      which contained an ester formed with a D-amino acid. Cyclic prodrugs 1 and 2
      showed very low AP-to-BL Caco-2 cell permeability, which did not correlate with
      their lipophilicities. These low AP-to-BL permeabilities result because of their
      substrate activity for apically polarized efflux systems.

PMID- 9950273
TI  - Phenylpropionic acid-based cyclic prodrugs of opioid peptides that exhibit
      metabolic stability to peptidases and excellent cellular permeation.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the cellular permeation characteristics and the chemical and
      enzymatic stability of phenylpropionic acid-based cyclic prodrugs 1 and 2 of
      opioid peptides [Leu5]-enkephalin (H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH) and DADLE (H-Tyr-D
      Ala-Gly-Phe-D-Leu-OH), respectively. METHODS: The rates of conversion of cyclic
      prodrugs 1 and 2 to [Leu5]-enkephalin and DADLE, respectively, in HBSS, pH 7.4
      (Caco-2 cell transport buffer) and in various biological media having measurable
      esterase activity were determined by HPLC. The cell permeation characteristics of
      [Leu5]-enkephalin, DADLE, and cyclic prodrugs 1 and 2 were measured using Caco-2
      cell monolayers grown onto microporus membranes and monitored by HPLC. RESULTS:
      In HBSS, pH 7.4, cyclic prodrugs 1 and 2 degraded to [Leu5]-enkephalin and DADLE,
      respectively, in stoichiometric amounts. In 90% human plasma, the rates of
      disappearance of cyclic prodrugs 1 and 2 were slightly faster than in HBSS, pH
      7.4. These accelerated rates of disappearance in 90% human plasma could be
      reduced to the rates observed in HBSS, pH 7.4, by pretreatment of the plasma with
      paraoxon, a known inhibitor of serine-dependent esterases. In homogenates of Caco
      2 cells and rat liver, accelerated rates of disappearance of cyclic prodrugs 1
      and 2 were not observed. When applied to the AP side of a Caco-2 cell monolayer,
      cyclic prodrug 1 exhibited significantly greater stability against peptidase
      metabolism than did [Leu5]-enkephalin. Cyclic prodrug 2 and DADLE exhibited
      stability similar to prodrug 1 when applied to the AP side of the Caco-2 cell
      monolayers. Prodrug 1 was 1680 fold more able to permeate the Caco-2 cell
      monolayers than was [Leu5]-enkephalin, in part because of its increased enzymatic
      stability. Prodrug 2 was shown to be approximately 77 fold more able to permeate
      a Caco-2 cell monolayer than was DADLE. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclic prodrugs 1 and 2,
      prepared with the phenylpropionic acid promoiety, were substantially more able to
      permeate Caco-2 cell monolayers than were the corresponding opioid peptides.
      Prodrug 1 exhibited increased stability to peptidase metabolism compared to
      [Leu5]-enkephalin. In 90% human plasma but not in Caco-2 cell and rat liver
      homogenates, the opioid peptides were released from the cyclic prodrugs by an
      esterase-catalyzed reaction that is sensitive to paraoxon inhibition. However,
      the rate of this bioconversion appears to be extremely slow.

PMID- 9950275
TI  - Submicron cationic emulsions as a new delivery system for oligonucleotides.
AB  - PURPOSE: The main purpose of the present study was to investigate submicron
      emulsions as potential oligonucleotide (ON) delivery system. METHODS: Submicron
      emulsions containing various concentrations of stearylamine (SA) were prepared by
      microfluidization. After association with model oligothymidylates, these
      emulsions were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta-potential,
      association efficiency and release upon dilution. The interactions between ON and
      SA were investigated by partitioning studies between water and oily phases, with
      ON of three different lengths (pdT16, pdT30, pdT50). The stability of pdT16 in
      the presence of nucleases was evaluated by incubation in cell culture medium
      supplemented with 10% of foetal calf serum. RESULTS: The ON association
      efficiency was much higher with emulsions containing SA (E(SA)) than with control
      emulsions (E0), whatever the ON length. In addition, E(SA) was shown to protect
      ON against degradation for up to 3 hours in culture medium. ON and SA were able
      to form ion-pairs and the resulting complex was found to be insoluble both in
      water and in oil. Zeta potential was maintained constant when increasing the ON
      concentration, until flocculation occurred (up to 250 microM in the case of pdT16
      for example). This has been explained by the presence of SA in excess, soluble in
      the oily core of droplets, able to migrate towards the interface and replacing SA
      neutralized in ion-pairs. CONCLUSIONS: ESA appears to be a valuable system for
      delivery of ON and might even be improved by selecting an oily phase in which the
      SA/ON complex would be soluble.

PMID- 9950276
TI  - Spleen capture of nanoparticles: influence of animal species and surface
      characteristics.
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of animal species and nanoparticle surface
      characteristics on the intrasplenic distribution of polystyrene nanoparticles.
      METHODS: Two types of fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles (Estapor and
      Fluoresbrite), plain or coated, were used in mice and rats. First, a fluorimetric
      method was developed for nanoparticle tissue quantification. Then, intrasplenic
      distribution of plain or coated nanoparticles was studied using histological
      examination and image analysis. Finally, the role of direct interactions between
      nanoparticles and spleen capturing cells was assessed by in vitro binding assays,
      using incubation of thick spleen slices with polystyrene nanoparticles. RESULTS:
      The two types of polystyrene nanoparticles showed different levels of trapping:
      Fluoresbrite nanoparticles were more efficiently trapped by the spleen than
      Estapor nanoparticles, both in mice and rats. In mice, most of the injected
      nanoparticles were localized in the marginal zone of the spleen, involving a
      special population of capturing cells, while in rats, the predominant capture
      occured in the red pulp. In mice, coated nanoparticles were localized both in the
      marginal zone and in the red pulp, whereas the coating did not seem to change the
      intrasplenic distribution of the nanoparticles in rats. CONCLUSIONS: These
      complementary approaches showed different uptake pathways of nanoparticles,
      according to their surface characteristics and the rodent species used.

PMID- 9950277
TI  - Penetration studies of clotrimazole from semisolid formulation using step-scan FT
      IR photoacoustic spectroscopy.
AB  - PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to elucidate the potential use of the step
      scan FT-IR photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) for the non-destructive determination
      of drug penetration into membranes. METHODS: The penetration of clotrimazole from
      a 10% (w/w) suspension in Vaseline into a dodecanol-collodion acceptor membrane
      was studied by three methods: the step-scan FT-IR PAS with a phase modulation, a
      multilayer membrane system, and a modified libration model. Based on Fick's
      second law, the diffusion coefficient of the drug in the membrane was derived by
      numerical fitting of the experimental data. RESULTS: The three methods applied
      provided almost the same diffusion coefficient D = 2.2 10(-9) cm2/s for
      clotrimazole in the membrane. Because of the non-destructive mode of operation,
      the accuracy of results obtained by FT-IR PAS is much better than that attainable
      by other two methods. CONCLUSIONS: Step-scan FT-IR photoacoustic spectroscopy in
      conjunction with a phase modulation is useful to determine the penetration of
      drug through membranes. The fact that samples can be investigated without
      elaborate preparation is an advantage of this spectroscopic technique.

PMID- 9950278
TI  - Lateral iontophoretic solute transport in skin.
AB  - PURPOSE: The lateral iontophoretic transport of three solutes (sodium,
      ethanolamine, lidocaine) from an active electrode through skin and other tissues
      to an indifferent electrodes was investigated. METHODS: Anodal epidermal
      iontophoresis was carried out on an in vivo rat model using constant direct
      current of 0.38 mA/cm2. Cells were fixed on the epidermis of anesthetized rats at
      distances of adjacent, 3 cm and 7 cm apart. After iontophoresis, tissues were
      dissected at I cm intervals between the electrodes. Concentrations of the
      radiolabelled solutes in tissues were determined by liquid scintillation counting
      or gamma counting. RESULTS: The concentration of each solutes in the epidermis,
      dermis and other tissues was found to decrease in an exponential manner with
      lateral distance from the active electrode to the indifferent electrode. The
      detectable lateral distance for ethanolamine and lidocaine was less than 2 cm
      from the donor sites, at which distance the concentrations were not significantly
      different to those found in the corresponding contralateral site. The lateral
      drift velocities for all solutes in the epidermis and dermis were consistent with
      diffusivities of the order of 10(-6) cm2/s. The drift velocity of sodium was
      greater than either lidocaine or ethanolamine. CONCLUSIONS: The decline in solute
      concentration with lateral distance is mainly due to clearance from the site of
      application by the skin's microcirculation and decreases with distance from the
      active electrode until a baseline concentration, similar to the contralateral
      tissue concentration is reached.

PMID- 9950279
TI  - Intestinal transport of beta-lactam antibiotics: analysis of the affinity at the
      H+/peptide symporter (PEPT1), the uptake into Caco-2 cell monolayers and the
      transepithelial flux.
AB  - PURPOSE: This study on the intestinal transport of beta-lactam antibiotics was
      undertaken to investigate the correlation between cellular transport parameters
      and the bioavailability. METHODS: Transport of 23 beta-lactam antibiotics was
      characterized by measuring their ability to inhibit the uptake of glycylsarcosine
      into Caco-2 cells, their uptake into the cells and their total flux across the
      cell monolayers. RESULTS: Ceftibuten and cyclacillin were recognized by PEPT1
      with affinity constants comparable to those of natural dipeptides (K(i) = 0.3 and
      0.5 mM, respectively). Cefadroxil, cefamandole, cephradine, cefaclor, cefuroxime
      axetil, cefixime, cephalotin, cephalexin and ampicillin also interacted with
      PEPTI (K(i) = 7-14 mM). In contrast, cefapirin, cefodizime, cefuroxime,
      cefmetazole, ceftazidime, benzyl-penicillin, ceftriaxone, cefpirome, cefotaxime,
      cefepime, cephaloridine and cefsulodin displayed no affinity to the transport
      system (K(i) > 20 mM). The uptake into the cells and the transepithelial flux was
      highest for those beta-lactam antibiotics, which showed the strongest inhibition
      of [14C]Gly-Sar transport (p < 0.0001). Exceptions were cefuroximaxetil and
      cephalotin. CONCLUSIONS: The probability of oral bioavailability for beta-lactam
      antibiotics is mainly determined by their affinity to PEPTI. A threshold K(i)
      value of 14 mM with respect to Gly-Sar uptake is required.

PMID- 9950280
TI  - Structure-transport relationship for the intestinal small-peptide carrier: is the
      carbonyl group of the peptide bond relevant for transport?
AB  - PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the
      peptide bond with emphasis on the carbonyl group on the interaction with and
      transport by the intestinal small-peptide carrier. Therefore enalapril, a known
      substrate for the small-peptide carrier, has been modified to an analogue with a
      reduced peptide bond, enamipril. The transport characteristics of both compounds
      have been determined. METHODS: The in vitro transport studies were performed
      using rat ileum in Ussing chambers. The transport of enalapril and enamipril were
      measured in a concentration range from 0.5-8 mM in both directions across the
      ileum. in the presence and absence of inhibitors. The interaction with the small
      peptide carrier was studied by evaluating the ability of enalapril and its
      analogue enamipril to inhibit the transport rate of amoxycillin. RESULTS:
      Enalapril shows, besides passive diffusion (P(m)3.06+/-0.14 . 10(-6)cm/s),
      saturable transport kinetics (Jmax = 16+/-5 nmol/h.cm2, Km = 1.86+/-0.64 mM)
      which can be inhibited with 10 mM cephalexin. The analogue with a reduced peptide
      bond does not show saturable transport from the mucosal to the serosal side, and
      cephalexin does not inhibit the flux of enamipril. However, the transport of
      enamipril from the serosal to mucosal side of the intestinal membrane is
      saturable and can be inhibited by 100 microM verapamil. Although enamipril is not
      a substrate for the small-peptide carrier in contrast to enalapril, both
      enalapril and enamipril are able to inhibit the active transport of amoxycillin
      with a K(i) of 0.41+/-0.24 mM and 0.24+/-0.12 mM respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The
      reduction of the peptide bond of enalapril results in a compound, enamipril,
      which does not show polarized and saturable transport from the mucosal to the
      serosal side of the intestinal tissue. Also because the transport of enamipril
      cannot be inhibited by cephalexin, the analogue with the reduced peptide bond is
      no longer a substrate for the intestinal small-peptide carrier. Therefore, it can
      be concluded that the carbonyl group is an essential structural requirement for
      transport by the small-peptide carrier. In contrast, the interaction with the
      small-peptide carrier is still present, shown by the inhibition of the fluxes of
      amoxycillin. Reduction of the peptide bond of enalapril resulted in a new
      substrate for the P-glycoprotein efflux pump.

PMID- 9950281
TI  - Intestinal absorption of acyclovir beta-glucoside: comparative study with
      acyclovir, guanosine, and kinetin beta-glucoside.
AB  - PURPOSE: To characterize the intestinal absorption of a beta-glucose conjugate of
      acyclovir (9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy) methyl] guanine, ACV) and compare it to ACV and
      its analogues in terms of stability and transport by Na+/glucose cotransporter
      (SGLTI). METHODS: ACVbeta(glc) was enzymatically synthesized using cellulase.
      Intestinal absorption experiments were performed with rat everted small
      intestine. Conformation of the glucose moiety was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy.
      RESULTS: The ACVbeta(glc) was stable on the mucosal side, and was transported to
      the serosal side in all regions of the small intestine. However, significant
      contribution of SGLTI to the transport of ACVbetaglc was not observed. NMR
      spectroscopic analysis indicated that the glucose conformation of ACVbeta(glc)
      was the 4C1 chair form, identical to beta-glucose or SGLT1-transportable beta
      glucosides reported previously. Therefore, other factors such as molecular size
      and charge due to aglycone may cause no transport of ACVbeta(glc) by SGLT1. On
      the other hand, the hydrophilicity of ACVbeta(glc) was much higher than of ACV,
      suggesting water solubility-derived improvement of intestinal absorption of ACV.
      CONCLUSIONS: ACVbeta(glc) is stable and absorbable, but it is not transported by
      SGLT1. No involvement of SGLT1 in the ACVbeta(glc) transport is not due to
      glucose conformation.

PMID- 9950282
TI  - Inhibition of binding of an enzymatically stable thrombin inhibitor to lumenal
      proteases as an additional mechanism of intestinal absorption enhancement.
AB  - PURPOSE: The objective of the study was to investigate the mechanisms behind
      increased bioavailability of an enzymatically stable thrombin inhibitor,
      inogatran, after coadministration with a trypsin inhibitor, aprotinin. METHODS:
      Rat jejunum, ileum and colon segments were stripped and mounted in modified
      Ussing chambers, and the permeability to inogatran was determined both in the
      presence and absence of aprotinin. Inogatran and aprotinin were also
      coadministered intraduodenally to conscious rats. Competitive binding of
      inogatran to trypsin was studied using kinetic dialysis and was compared to
      aprotinin. The fraction of free (unbound) trypsin probe, in the absence of
      trypsin inhibitors was determined by performing experiments without pancreatine
      and without inhibitors, respectively. RESULTS: A 3-fold increased permeability to
      inogatran in the presence of aprotinin was seen in vitro, in some cases
      correlated with changed barrier properties of the intestinal segments. The in
      vitro results were well correlated with the in vivo results. There was a 5-fold
      increase in the bioavailability of inogatran in the presence of aprotinin. The
      binding of a trypsin probe was inhibited by both the presence of inogatran and
      aprotinin. Aprotinin showed a several fold higher displacement than inogatran.
      The results indicate both an effect of aprotinin on the epithelial membrane and
      an inhibition of binding of the thrombin inhibitor to trypsin or other serine
      proteases in the gut. CONCLUSIONS: The coadministration of aprotinin with
      enzymatically stable peptides, like thrombin inhibitors, may improve their
      absorption after oral administration. This suggests a new additional mechanism
      for intestinal absorption enhancement of peptide drugs.

PMID- 9950283
TI  - In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the enhancing activity of glycyrrhizin on the
      intestinal absorption of drugs.
AB  - PURPOSE: The enhancing activity of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (Grz) on the
      intestinal absorption of drugs has been demonstrated in an in vitro study using
      Caco-2 cell monolayers and in an in vivo absorption study in rats. METHODS: The
      hydrolysis of Grz by luminal content and mucosa of the rat colon was
      investigated. The absorption-enhancing activity of Grz and its hydrolysates was
      estimated by changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the
      permeation of sodium fluorescein (Flu-Na) in Caco-2 cell monolayers. It was
      further evaluated through the absorption of salmon calcitonin (sCT) in the rat
      colon. RESULTS: Grz was not hydrolyzed to glycyrrhetinylmonoglucuronide (GrMG)
      and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) by colonic mucosa, but, rather by the beta
      glucuronidase in colonic flora. The hydrolysis of Grz to GrMG was extremely slow
      and the GrMG produced was rapidly regenerated to GA. Grz and GrMG had no effect
      on TEER nor on the permeability of Flu-Na across Caco-2 cell monolayers. On the
      other hand, GA decreased TEER and increased the permeability of Flu-Na in a dose
      dependent manner. However, Grz and GrMG enhanced the plasma calcium-lowering
      effect of sCT after administration in the rat colon. The coadministration of sCT
      and GA in the rat colon induced the strongest plasma calcium-lowering effect and
      the highest plasma concentration of sCT. CONCLUSIONS: The in vivo enhancing
      activity of Grz in the absorption of drugs is dependent on GA, a hydrolysis
      product of Grz resulting from the action of beta-glucuronidase in intestinal
      flora.

PMID- 9950284
TI  - Heterogeneous tube model for the study of small intestinal transit flow.
AB  - PURPOSE: A Monte-Carlo computer simulation technique was employed to study the
      details of the small intestinal transit flow in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
      METHODS: A heterogeneous tube model was constructed using a numerical computer
      simulation technique. The model was built from first principles and included
      several heterogeneous characteristics of the GI tract structure. We used a
      random, dendritic-type internal structure representing the villi of the GI tract.
      The small intestinal transit flow was simulated using two diffusion models,
      namely, the blind ant and the myopic ant models, which are different models to
      account the elapse of time, and which are both based on statistical properties of
      random walks. For each one of the models we utilize two types of biased random
      walk, placing different emphasis in the motion towards the output of the tube. We
      monitored the flow of the drug in terms of Monte-Carlo time steps (MCS) through
      the tube walls and dendritic villi present. RESULTS: The frequency of the transit
      times was dependent on the structure of the dendritic villi and on the type of
      biased random walk. The small intestinal flow profile of literature data for a
      large number of drugs was well characterized by the heterogeneous model using, as
      parameters, a certain number of villi per unit length of the tube and specific
      characteristics for both types of the biased random walk. A correspondence
      between the MCS and real time units was achieved. CONCLUSIONS: The transit
      process of the oral dosage forms in the GI tract can be reproduced with the
      heterogeneous model developed. This model can be used to study GI absorption
      phenomena.

PMID- 9950285
TI  - The effect of oleic acid on the human ileal brake and its implications for small
      intestinal transit of tablet formulations.
AB  - PURPOSE: A human volunteer study was carried out to investigate whether
      activation of the ileal brake mechanism affects the transit of tablets through
      the small intestine. METHODS: Oleic acid, which has previously been shown to
      activate the brake, was delivered to the small intestine in a modified release
      capsule at doses of 300 mg, 600 mg and 1200 mg. The effect of the oleic acid was
      determined by measuring the transit of two sets of radiolabelled tablets by gamma
      scintigraphy. One set of tablets was dosed with the capsule and the other one
      hour later. RESULTS: The results show that in the majority of the volunteers
      small intestinal residence time was greater with the oleic acid than control. The
      effect was most pronounced in the tablets given concomitantly with the capsule
      and with the higher doses of oleic acid. CONCLUSIONS: The ileal brake, activated
      by oleic acid, can slow the transit of tablets through the small intestine.

PMID- 9950286
TI  - Surface activity and concentration dependent intestinal permeability in the rat.
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate the relation between intestinal effective permeability
      (P(eff)) and surface activity of fluvastatin and verapamil. METHODS: P(eff)
      values were determined for fluvastatin, antipyrine and D-glucose following colon
      perfusions in the rat in situ. The perfusion solitions differed regarding
      concentrations of fluvastatin (0-2500 microM) and surface tension (58.9-43.7
      mN/m). A cellulose derivative, ethyl-(hydroxyethyl) cellulose (EHEC), was added
      to lower the surface tension of one of the perfusion solutions. The surface
      tension of perfusion solutions containing R/S-verapamil (8-814 microM) and R/S
      verapamil + chlorpromazine (814 microM + 10 mM) were related to the corresponding
      P(eff)-values from the literature. RESULTS: The P(eff)of fluvastatin correlated
      inversely (r2 = 0.985, p < 0.05) with the surface tension of the perfusion
      solutions below the critical micelle concentration (CMC, 1 mM). Decreasing the
      surface tension with EHEC increased the P(eff) of fluvastatin by 36% (p < 0.001),
      but not to the extent anticipated from the correlation between the P(eff) and the
      surface tension. EHEC also increased the P(eff) of antipyrine by 49% (p < 0.01 )
      but not for D-glucose. The P(eff) of R/S-verapamil correlated inversely with the
      surface tension (r2 = 0.980, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The ability of fluvastatin
      to decrease the surface tension at the membrane surface can partly explain the
      concentration dependent colonic P(eff) of fluvastatin. This study shows that the
      surface activity of the drug molecule itself is an important physicochemical
      factor that should be taken into consideration when evaluating drug absorption
      studies performed in vitro or in situ.

PMID- 9950288
TI  - Determination of the rate-limiting step in the hepatic elimination of YM796 by
      isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - PURPOSE: The membrane permeability clearance and intrinsic metabolic clearance of
      a drug in the liver were estimated using isolated rat hepatocytes, and the rate
      limiting step in the overall intrinsic clearance of the drug in vivo was
      investigated. For this purpose, an anti-dementia drug, (S)-(-)-2,8-dimethyl-3
      methylene-1-oxa-8-azaspiro [4,5] decane-L-tartarate monohydrate (YM796) was used
      as a model drug. METHODS: The parent drug and its metabolites in both medium and
      cells were separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The total amount of drug
      taken up by hepatocytes and the total amount of metabolites were plotted against
      the AUC of YM796 in the medium or cells to obtain the kinetic parameters.
      RESULTS: While the influx clearance (PS(inf)) through the sinusoidal membrane
      defined in terms of YM796 concentration in the medium was almost constant,
      irrespective of the concentration of YM796 in the medium, the intrinsic metabolic
      clearance (CL(int)) and the efflux clearance (PS(eff)) defined in terms of the
      total concentration of YM796 in the cells markedly decreased and increased,
      respectively, as the concentration of YM796 increased. The overall intrinsic
      metabolic clearance (CL(int,all), defined in terms of the YM796 concentration in
      the medium, corresponding to the hepatic intrinsic clearance obtained from the in
      vivo pharmacokinetic data on the drug, was comparable with PS(inf) at low
      concentrations of YM796. As the YM796 concentration increased, however,
      CL(int,all) fell markedly approaching CL(int). CONCLUSIONS: While, at low
      concentrations of YM796, CL(int,all) was predominantly affected by membrane
      permeability clearance, at high concentrations it was completely rate-determined
      by the intrinsic metabolic clearance because of the marked reduction in CL(int)
      resulting from the saturation of YM796 metabolism.

PMID- 9950287
TI  - Analysis of nonlinear hepatic clearance of a cyclopentapeptide, BQ-123, with the
      multiple indicator dilution method using the dispersion model.
AB  - PURPOSE: To bridge in vitro, in situ and in vivo kinetic analyses of the hepatic
      clearance of a cyclopentapeptide, BQ-123, by using dispersion models that assume
      nonlinear pharmacokinetics. METHODS: Rat livers were perfused by the multiple
      indicator dilution method with doses of BQ-123 ranging from 1-1000 microg. The
      outflow dilution curves were fitted to a two-compartment dispersion model that
      was solved numerically by the finite difference method. Further, in vivo plasma
      concentrations of BQ-123 after bolus injection were analyzed with a hybrid
      physiological model that incorporates the hepatic dispersion model. RESULTS: The
      calculated Michaelis-Menten constants (Km = 12.0 microM, Vmax = 321
      pmol/min/10(6) cells, P(dif) = 1.2 microl/min/10(6) cells) were comparable to
      those obtained previously from the in vitro isolated hepatocyte experiment (Km =
      9.5 microM, Vmax = 517 pmol/min/l0(6) cells, P(dif) = 1.1 microl/min/10(6)
      cells). The plasma concentrations of BQ-123 at doses of 1-25 mg/kg were explained
      well by the hybrid physiological model. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that
      carrier-mediated transport on the sinusoidal membrane was responsible for the in
      vivo hepatic elimination of BQ-123.

PMID- 9950289
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and biologic activity of the novel mast cell inhibitor, 4-(3
      hydroxyphenyl)-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline in mice.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to examine the pharmacodynamic and
      pharmacokinetic features of the novel mast cell inhibitor 4-(3'-Hydroxyphenyl)
      amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline (WHI-P180) in mice. METHODS: A high performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based quantitative detection method was used to
      measure plasma WHI-P180 levels in mice. The plasma concentration-time data was
      fit to a single compartment pharmacokinetic model by using the WinNonlin program
      to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. A cutaneous anaphylaxis model was
      used to examine the pharmacodynamic effects of WHI-P180 on anaphylaxis-associated
      vascular hyperpermeability. RESULTS: The elimination half-life of WHI-P180 in CD
      1 mice (BALB/ c mice) following i.v., i.p., or p.o. administration was less than
      10 min. Systemic clearance of WHI-P180 was 6742 mL/h/kg in CD-I mice and 8188
      mL/h/kg in BALB/c mice. Notably, WHI-P180, when administered in two consecutive
      nontoxic i.p. bolus doses of 25 mg/kg, inhibited IgE/antigen-induced vascular
      hyperpermeability in a well-characterized murine model of passive cutaneous
      anaphylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: WHI-P180 is an active inhibitor of IgE-mediated mast
      cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Further preclinical characterization of WHI
      P180 may improve the efficacy of WHI-P180 in vivo and provide the basis for
      design of effective treatment and prevention programs for mast cell mediated
      allergic reactions.

PMID- 9950290
TI  - Dependency of gastrointestinal toxicity on release rate of tiaprofenic acid: a
      novel pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model.
AB  - PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that modification of release pattern of
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) formulations shifts
      gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity of the drugs from the upper GI region to the
      distal intestine. METHODS: We assessed tiaprofenic acid (TA)-induced upper and
      lower increased GI permeability (a surrogate marker of toxicity) after
      administration of 20 mg and 40 mg/kg regular release (powder) and modified
      release formulations [sustained release (SR) beads and diethyl-beta-cyclodextrin
      (DCD):TA inclusion complex (INC)]. Urinary excretion of oral doses of GI
      permeability probes sucrose and 51Cr-EDTA was determined as measures of
      gastroduodenal and distal intestine, respectively. Pharmacokinetics of TA
      enantiomers were also studied following administration of a single 20 mg/kg dose
      of racemic TA as oral SR beads and iv solution. For powder and INC, previously
      reported pharmacokinetic data were used. RESULTS: Regular powder significantly
      increased the permeability at the gastroduodenal level. Modified-release
      formulations, on the other hand, did not cause damage in the gastroduodenum but
      produced significant increase in the permeability of the lower intestine.
      Consequently, to assess the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship, a new
      model was developed in which contribution of toxicity resulted from direct
      exposure to the drug was considered. CONCLUSIONS: Since the observed site of GI
      damage corresponds to the site of release and absorption of NSAID from the
      formulation, the possibility of a shift in the site of damage must be considered
      for the modified release formulations. A parallel evaluation of upper and lower
      GI toxicity is essential for a complete assessment of NSAID-induced GI damage.

PMID- 9950291
TI  - Use of truncated areas to measure extent of drug absorption in bioequivalence
      studies: effects of drug absorption rate and elimination rate variability on this
      metric.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare the applicability and accuracy of truncated area (AUCt; where
      t represents truncated time) versus area to the last quantifiable time point
      [AUC(O-T)] for assessing bioequivalence. Drugs with either very low or very high
      intra-subject variability in clearance (CL) were selected for study. Clearance
      variability was defined by the number of subjects with a quantifiable plasma
      value (Cp) at each collection time from 24 hrs to last collection time (T).
      METHODS: Data for amiodarone and danazol, drugs with different distributions of
      subject CL were examined. For amiodarone, the number of subject samples observed
      (test + reference) at the time of the last quantifiable concentrations was 60 at
      240 hrs(T), 16 at 144 hrs and 4 at 96 hrs: while danazol had 4 at 96 hr(T), 3 at
      72 hrs, 16 at 60 hrs, 7 at 48 hrs, 14 at 36 hrs, 11 at 24 hrs, 13 and 2 at 16 and
      12 hrs, respectively. Simulations (Scenarios A and B) were performed to obtain
      populations (N = 24) with CL patterns similar to those of amiodarone and danazol.
      For scenario A (CL pattern similar to amiodarone), log-normally distributed CL
      values (28.8 L/HR) with intra-subject coefficient of variation (CV) of 25%, 40%
      and 60% gave the desired CL pattern. Scenario B (CL pattern similar to danazol)
      required that a subpopulation with an increase in CL of 40% from baseline (i.e.,
      40.32 L/HR) in 5%, 10% and 20% of the population represent the desired
      distribution. Power was evaluated by the percentage of times the simulated trials
      were declared bioequivalent (i.e., the number of times the test vs. reference 90%
      CI was within 80-125%), while accuracy was determined when the true difference in
      fraction absorbed (i.e., 1.25) was within the CI. Each simulation was repeated
      300 times. RESULTS: The simulation results for Scenario A indicated that the
      statistical results using truncated area (AUCt) had power and accuracy equivalent
      to that obtained using the AUC(O-T) metric. However, results for Scenario B
      indicated that AUCt had less power and accuracy than that obtained using AUC(0
      T). The confidence interval (CI) for amiodarone was the same whether AUC (0-T) or
      AUCt was used as the metric for extent, while for danazol, the AUC(0-T) and AUCt
      differed in the lower limit by 7%. CONCLUSIONS: The truncated area, AUCt, has the
      greatest power and accuracy when the population clearance is such that most
      subjects have measurable plasma concentrations at last collection time(T),
      resulting in a proportional loss of data from each subject.

PMID- 9950292
TI  - The effect of excipients on the molecular mobility of lyophilized formulations,
      as measured by glass transition temperature and NMR relaxation-based critical
      mobility temperature.
AB  - PURPOSE: The dependence of the molecular mobility of lyophilized formulations on
      pharmaceutical polymer excipients was studied. Molecular mobility as determined
      by NMR relaxation-based critical temperature of molecular mobility (Tmc) and
      glass transition temperature (Tg) is discussed in relation to the plasticizing
      effect of water in formulations. METHODS: The Tmc and Tg of lyophilized gamma
      globulin formulations containing 6 different polymer excipients such as dextran,
      polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and methylcellulose (MC) was determined by NMR and
      DSC. The molecular mobility of water in the formulations was determined by proton
      NMR and dielectric relaxation spectrometry (DRS). RESULTS: Tmc varied with
      polymer excipients. Tmc increased as the ratio of bound water to mobile water
      increased and as the molecular mobility of mobile water decreased. The
      formulation containing MC exhibited a lower Tmc than the formulation containing
      dextran because of the smaller ratio of bound water and the higher molecular
      mobility of mobile water. The Tmc of the formulation containing PVP was higher
      than that expected from the higher T2 values of water because of the lower
      molecular mobility of mobile water regardless of the higher ratio of mobile
      water. The Tmc of these lyophilized formulations was higher than their T(g) by 23
      degrees C to 34 degrees C, indicating that the formulations became a NMR-detected
      microscopically liquidized state below their T(g). CONCLUSIONS: The quantity and
      the molecular mobility of mobile water in lyophilized formulations can be
      considered to affect the T(mc) of lyophilized formulations, which in turn governs
      their stability.

PMID- 9950293
TI  - Molecular mechanisms of the adsorption of a model protein (human serum albumin)
      on poly(methylidene malonate 2.1.2) nanoparticles.
AB  - PURPOSE: To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in protein-methylidene
      malonate 2.1.2 polymer interactions. METHODS: To assess the importance of
      electrostatic forces in polymer-protein interactions use was made of HSA and its
      derivatives, which were anionized by succinylation and aconitylation. Surface
      plasmon resonance measurements, using the three HSA molecules as immobilized
      ligands and polymer nanoparticles as analytes in the liquid phase, allowed the
      determination of initial kinetic constants and affinity constants at equilibrium
      at two different temperatures. RESULTS: Saturation of binding for the three
      proteins occurred at approximately 900 protein molecules/nanoparticle. The
      apparent affinity decreased with increasing electronegativity of the proteins.
      Surface plasmon resonance measurement of proteins, covalently linked to the chip
      matrix, showed a high affinity for the nanoparticles (K(A) approximately 10(10)
      M(-1) and confirmed the moderate decrease of affinity with increasing
      electronegativity of the modified albumins. Measurements at 25 and 37 degrees C
      showed no significant increase in the albumin-nanoparticle interactions.
      Dissociation of the proteins from the nanoparticles could only be realized with
      chaotropic salt solutions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the molecular
      forces initiating the protein-nanoparticle interactions are mainly of
      electrostatic nature followed by stabilization by hydrophobic forces. The high
      affinity confirms the nanoparticles as excellent carriers for protein delivery.

PMID- 9950294
TI  - Novel bioresorbable and bioeliminable surfactants for microsphere preparation.
AB  - PURPOSE: The objective of this work is to prepare microspheres by the emulsion
      solvent evaporation process using MPOE-PLA copolymers as the matrix material
      and/or the surfactant. This preparation was studied in order to avoid the use of
      PVA as the surfactant in the process. METHODS: Two series of MPOE-PLA copolymers
      were synthesised. The first, with a long and constant length PLA chain (45,000
      g.mol(-1), was used as the matrix material, the second, with short PLA chains (<
      or = 2.200 g.mol(-1)), and different HLB as the surfactant. Microspheres were
      prepared by the "simple" and "double" emulsion methods. The steric stabilization
      effect of the copolymers was investigated using confocal microscopy and X-ray
      photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). RESULTS: Confocal microscopy and XPS analysis
      showed that the microspheres prepared using MPOE5K-PLA0.5K as the surfactant and
      MPOE-PLA45K copolymers as the matrix material had an MPOE coating present at the
      microsphere surface. This hydrophilic layer ensures steric stabilization of the
      particles. CONCLUSIONS: MPOE-PLA copolymers can be used for the preparation of
      particles instead of PVA and their use can be extended whenever a biocompatible
      and bioeliminable surfactant is required for biological or medical applications.

PMID- 9950296
TI  - Electrochemical generation and interaction study of the nitro radical anion from
      nimesulide.

PMID- 9950295
TI  - A novel formulation of VIP in sterically stabilized micelles amplifies
      vasodilation in vivo.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine whether human vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
      poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE)
      micelles elicit potent and stable vasodilation in vivo. METHODS: PEG-DSPE
      micelles were prepared by co-precipitation. VIP was loaded into micelles by
      incubation at room temperature. Vasoactivity of VIP in SSM was determined by
      monitoring changes in diameter of resistance arterioles in the in situ hamster
      cheek pouch using intravital microscopy. RESULTS: VIP easily undergoes self
      assembly into small PEG-DSPE micelles (mean [+/-SEM] size, 18+/-1 nm) in a time
      dependent fashion. This generates a potent vasoactive matrix at nanomole
      concentrations of VIP as manifested by approximately 3-fold potentiation and
      prolongation of vasodilation relative to that evoked by aqueous VIP alone (p <
      0.05). This response is specific and mediated by the L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO)
      biosynthetic pathway. Micellar VIP dispersion remains vasoactive for at least 14
      days after preparation and storage at 4 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: A novel, self
      associated, small and stable PEG-DSPE micellar formulation of VIP amplifies
      vasodilation in the in situ peripheral microcirculation in a specific fashion by
      elaborating NO. An optimized formulation could be considered for certain
      cardiovascular disorders associated with L-arginine/NO biosynthetic pathway
      dysfunction.

PMID- 9950297
TI  - A comparison of step-gradient and sequential density ultracentrifugation and the
      use of lipoprotein deficient plasma controls in determining the plasma
      lipoprotein distribution of lipid-associated nystatin and cyclosporine.

PMID- 9950298
TI  - Accuracy and precision of pharmacodynamic exponent.

PMID- 9950299
TI  - Day-care and otitis media in young children: a critical overview.
AB  - To review the evidence concerning the association between (different forms of)
      day-care and otitis media in children aged 0-4 years, we performed a meta
      analysis of studies identified by a systematic search with Medline from 1966 to
      July 1997 and by the reference lists. Seventeen articles were classified as
      useful because these articles studied children of 0-4 years of age and because
      odds ratios as well as confidence intervals were presented or could be
      calculated. All these studies found a association between attending a day-care
      centre and otitis media. The association between otitis media and family care was
      less clear. Differences in study design, age of the subjects, and controlled
      variables did not explain the association. CONCLUSION: Day-care is a risk factor
      for developing otitis media: the number of children seems to be important for
      this effect, probably due to increased exposure to otitis media pathogens.

PMID- 9950300
TI  - Prevalence of complementary/alternative medicine for children: a systematic
      review.
AB  - Complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) has become an important topic, not least
      because of its popularity with patients. This systematic review is aimed at
      summarising the data known about CAM use in paediatric populations. A thorough
      search strategy was designed to identify all surveys on the prevalence of CAM
      utilisation in children. Data from those investigations that met the pre-defined
      criteria for inclusion were extracted and reported in a standardised fashion. Ten
      studies were found. Their results suggest that the prevalence of CAM use is
      variable but generally high. CAM is often perceived as helpful. Insufficient data
      exist about safety and cost. CONCLUSION: The generally high and possibly growing
      prevalence of complementary/alternative medicine use by children renders this
      topic an important candidate for rigorous investigation. In particular, we should
      determine the efficacy, safety and expense of these treatments through rigorous,
      unbiased investigations.

PMID- 9950301
TI  - Parental attitude towards alternative medicine in the paediatric intensive care
      unit.
AB  - The interest in alternative medicine (AM) is growing. In the USA and Canada,
      studies showed that 34% of adults and 11% of children use AM. In a prospective
      cohort study, we investigated the interest in AM among parents of critically ill
      children in the paediatric Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a university hospital.
      From January 1996 to April 1997, we distributed questionnaires to the parents of
      critically ill children. These strictly anonymous questionnaires were completed
      at home and returned by mail. Exclusion criteria were short ( < 1 day) or
      repeated hospitalizations, and insufficient proficiency of the German language.
      The inclusion criteria were fulfilled by 591 patients; 561 received the
      questionnaire (95%) and 289 (52%) were returned. Of the respondents, 70% would
      appreciate AM as a complementary therapy on the ICU, 23% found AM equally or more
      important than conventional medicine whereas only 7% regarded AM as unimportant.
      On the ICU, 18% used AM; surprisingly 41% of them did not discuss it with
      physicians or nurses. An additional 21% would have liked to use AM, but did not
      do so. Typically, AM-users administered AM also at home to their children and
      themselves. Their children were however, older. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial
      proportion of parents used measures of alternative medicine in the intensive care
      unit, or would have like to do so. However, few had the confidence to discuss
      this wish with the medical personal. This suggests that alternative medicine is
      of great interest, even on an intensive care unit. Nevertheless, discussion about
      alternative medicine seems to be taboo in doctor-patient relations.

PMID- 9950302
TI  - Angiotensin I converting enzyme and angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms related to
      24-h blood pressure in paediatric type I diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate two putative predictive genetic markers for
      hypertension in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus. Ambulatory blood
      pressure measurements were performed in 199 patients with type I diabetes
      mellitus (mean age 16.5 years, mean duration of diabetes 7.7 years) and compared
      to those of 1141 healthy children. The local allele frequencies were established
      based on a control population consisting of 181 healthy subjects. The allele
      frequencies of the angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphism was nearly identical
      in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients (MM 33%, MT 51%, TT 16%) and
      controls (MM 35%, MT 49%, TT 16%). In contrast, the genotype distribution of the
      angiotensin I converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism was
      different between patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DD 26%, ID 49%, II 25%)
      and the control group (DD 37%, ID 44%, II 19%) (P=0.04). Relative nocturnal
      systolic and diastolic pressures in patients with diabetes were higher than in
      healthy age- and height-matched controls; no association was found with the
      angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphism. Relative nocturnal diastolic blood
      pressure was higher in patients homozygous for the I allele of the angiotensin I
      converting enzyme gene. CONCLUSION: Nocturnal systolic and diastolic blood
      pressure is higher in patients with type I diabetes than in healthy children. The
      formerly described, but controversial, association of the M235T polymorphism with
      arterial hypertension could not be confirmed in this study.

PMID- 9950303
TI  - Thyroid antibodies in children of mothers with auto-immune thyroid disease.
AB  - In a cross-sectional study, 29 children aged between 1 month and 15.3 years
      (average age 6.8 years) born to mothers with Graves disease or Hashimoto
      thyroiditis were examined clinically, biochemically, and by sonography of the
      thyroid gland. At the time of examination all children were clinically euthyroid.
      Tests of thyroid peroxidase antibody, thyroglobulin antibody, TSH receptor
      antibody and free thyroxine (fT4) gave normal results. In 3 children subclinical
      hypothyroidism with elevated TSH and normal fT4 concentrations were found; one of
      these children had a minor decrease of total thyroxine. Three children with
      otherwise normal test results had marginally elevated triiodothyronine
      concentrations. Increased antibody titres were present in 8 out of 29 children.
      TSH function-blocking antibodies were elevated in 8 cases. In addition, cytotoxic
      antibodies were found in one of the children. The distribution pattern of
      antibodies was different in each child and unrelated to the type of maternal
      thyroid disease. CONCLUSION: Children of mothers with auto-immune thyroid disease
      often have thyroid antibodies without signs of thyroid disease. Whether antibody
      positive children have an increased risk of developing thyroid disorders later in
      life must be examined in a longitudinal study.

PMID- 9950304
TI  - Computed tomography scan assessment of lung disease in primary
      immunodeficiencies.
AB  - A wide spectrum of lung disease can complicate primary immunodeficiencies and
      early recognition influences management and prognosis. Computed tomography (CT)
      especially high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has been shown to detect
      lung disease in adult immunodeficient patients often when the chest radiograph
      (CXR) is normal, but this has not been studied in children. Twenty-five CT scans
      [10 HRCT] and CXRs were reviewed in 23 children [14 male, 9 female] with primary
      immunodeficiency. Eighteen [72%] of the CT scans were abnormal, bronchiectasis
      being the commonest finding present in eight CT scans in patients with antibody
      deficiency. In eight cases CT scan revealed changes not seen on CXR
      (bronchiectasis; interstitial changes; small parenchymal nodules; air
      trapping;and a small upper lobe cyst) which influenced treatment in six cases.
      CONCLUSION: CT scans have a valuable role in assessing lung disease in children
      with primary immunodeficiencies and will detect important changes not visible on
      CXR.

PMID- 9950305
TI  - Isoprinosine does not protect against frequent respiratory tract infections in
      childhood.
AB  - Isoprinosine, an in vitro immuno-enhancing agent principally acting by
      stimulating T-lymphocytes, is one of a number of agents sometimes used in an
      attempt to prevent recurrent respiratory infections in children, although there
      are no formal trials for this particular drug. We performed a placebo-controlled
      double-blind trial to assess the efficacy of isoprinosine (50 mg/kg per day) for
      6 weeks followed by 50 mg/kg per day twice weekly for 6 weeks in the prevention
      of frequent acute respiratory tract infections in 102 children aged 4-8 years. A
      total of 43 children treated with isoprinosine and 41 with placebo finished the
      study. Despite a transient increase in the total number of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T
      lymphocytes after 6 weeks of daily isoprinosine treatment, there was no
      difference in the number and length of duration of acute respiratory infections,
      number of antibiotic courses and number of days with cough, pharyngitis, rhinitis
      and increased body temperature (> or = 37.0 degrees C and > or = 38.0 degrees C).
      There were no changes in markers of T- or B-lymphocyte activation (CD25, HLA-DR,
      CD45RA/RO, CD23). CONCLUSION: Attempts at immunomodulation using isoprinosine in
      the dose and for the duration used may increase the total numbers of both CD4 and
      CD8 T-lymphocytes but is ineffective in prevention of respiratory tract
      infections in childhood.

PMID- 9950306
TI  - The role of acoustic rhinometry in the diagnosis of adenoidal hypertrophy in pre
      school children.
AB  - Adenoidal hypertrophy is a common problem in pre-school children and diagnosis
      depends mostly on evaluation of clinical symptoms and signs. Investigative
      techniques to assess adenoidal size often do not add to this information. Recent
      reports have suggested a role for acoustic rhinometry in this situation. A total
      of 49 children consecutively referred to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology,
      University of Mainz, with evidence of adenoidal enlargement underwent acoustic
      rhinometry pre- and post-operatively and were compared to an age-matched control
      group from a local kindergarten school. Adenoidal size was visually estimated at
      surgery and questionnaires were completed by parents of symptomatic children.
      Acoustic rhinometry was not able to differentiate controls (mean nasopharyngeal
      cross-sectional area 1.34+/-0.47 cm2, n = 35) from symptomatic children admitted
      for adenoidectomy (mean nasopharyngeal cross-sectional area 1.66 +/- 0.83 cm2, n
      = 42, P = 0.53). Acoustic rhinometry was advantageous for patients with adenoidal
      hypertrophy in two situations. Firstly a sub-group of patients with complete
      nasopharyngeal obstruction could be identified (P = 0.03) and secondly all
      patients with a postnasal space less than 1.2 cm2 clinically benefited from
      adenoidectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Acoustic rhinometry, in general, is not suitable for
      assessing adenoidal size in pre-school children. Physical limitations of
      currently available acoustic rhinometers are likely to explain the limited
      clinical value of this investigative technique.

PMID- 9950307
TI  - Use of permissive hypercapnia in the ventilation of infants with respiratory
      syncytial virus infection.
AB  - We wished to retrospectively evaluate the effects of permissive hypercapnia (PHY)
      on barotrauma, mortality and length of stay when applied to ventilated infants
      with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. Nineteen control infants
      with RSV induced respiratory failure were treated with conventional ventilation
      (April 1991-January 1994), after which time PHY was adopted as unit policy. A
      further 28 infants were then treated with PHY (January 1994 April 1996).
      Demographic and physiological data were collected from admission, and outcome
      variables including length of stay, barotrauma and mortality were recorded. The
      PHY group showed a significantly higher mean pCO2 (7.6 vs 5.2 kPa), a lower mean
      pH (7.34 vs 7.40), and a reduction in maximal peak inspiratory pressures (25 vs
      30 cmH2O). Mortality, barotrauma, use of neuromuscular blockade and nosocomial
      infection did not differ between groups. There was a trend towards increased
      length of ventilation in the PHY group (median 7 vs 5 days). CONCLUSION: Based on
      this retrospective data we can show no benefit for the use of permissive
      hypercapnia as a ventilatory strategy in this patient group. A prospective
      randomised controlled trial is warranted to accurately assess the outcome
      variables and cost implications of this strategy.

PMID- 9950308
TI  - Rationale for the German recommendations for phenylalanine level control in
      phenylketonuria 1997.
AB  - Treatment of hyperphenylalaninaemias due to phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency
      with a low phenylalanine (Phe) diet is highly successful in preventing
      neurological impairment and mental retardation. There is consensus that, for an
      optimal outcome, treatment should start as early as possible, and that strict
      blood Phe level control is of primary importance during the first years of life,
      but for adolescent and adult patients international treatment recommendations
      show a great variability. A working party of the German Working Group for
      Metabolic Diseases has evaluated research results on IQ data, speech development,
      behavioural problems, educational progress, neuropsychological results,
      electroencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging, and clinical neurology. Based
      on the actual knowledge, recommendations were formulated with regard to
      indication of treatment, differential diagnosis, and Phe level control during
      different age periods. The development of the early-and-strictly-treated patient
      in middle and late adulthood still remains to be investigated. Therefore, the
      recommendations should be regarded as provisional and subject to future research.
      Efficient treatment of phenylketonuria has to go beyond recommendations for blood
      Phe level control and must include adequate dietary training, medical as well as
      psychological counselling of the patient and his family, and a protocol for
      monitoring outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Early-and-strictly-treated patients with
      phenylketonuria show an almost normal development. During the first 10 years
      treatment should aim at blood Phenylalanine levels between 40 and 240 micromol/L.
      After the age of 10, blood phenylalanine level control can be gradually relaxed.
      For reasons of possible unknown late sequelae, all patients should be followed up
      life-long.

PMID- 9950309
TI  - The neurogenic weakness, ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) syndrome mtDNA
      mutation (T8993G) triggers muscle ATPase deficiency and hypocitrullinaemia.
AB  - Based on the study of three unrelated families, we report what we believe to be
      the first in vivo evidence of muscle ATPase deficiency in individuals carrying
      the neurogenic weakness, ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) syndrome mtDNA
      mutation (T8993G). Since plasma citrulline was consistently low in 4/5 patients,
      we suggest that the NARP mutation caused complex V deficiency in the small
      intestine as well, thus reducing the availability of mitochondrial ATP required
      for citrulline synthesis. CONCLUSION: We suggest giving consideration to
      hypocitrullinaemia as a hallmark of the neurogenic weakness, ataxia and retinitis
      pigmentosa syndrome mutation and more generally of impaired oxidative
      phosphorylation in the small intestine in vivo.

PMID- 9950310
TI  - Predicting length-of-stay in preterm neonates.
AB  - In neonatology, the early prediction of length-of-stay (LOS) may help in decision
      making. We retrospectively studied the accuracy of two LOS prediction models,
      namely a multiple linear regression model (MR) and an artificial neural network
      (ANN). Preterm neonates (n = 2144) were randomly assigned to a training-and-test
      (75%), or validation patient set (25%). A total of 40 first-day-of-life items
      (input data) and the date of discharge (output data) were routinely available.
      Training-and-test set data were used to identify input items with impact on LOS
      (input variables) using MR analysis to establish a MR prediction model and to
      train and test an ANN on those selected variables. Fed with validation set data,
      predicted LOS obtained from MR and ANN was compared individually with actual LOS.
      Predicted and actual LOS were highly correlated (for MR, r = 0.85 to 0.90; for
      ANN, r = 0.87 to 0.92). CONCLUSION: Even first-day-of-life data may contain
      substantial information with which to predict individual length-of-stay.

PMID- 9950311
TI  - Comparison of sucrose and human milk on pain response in newborns.
AB  - The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effect of 2 ml 25% sucrose and
      human milk in a group of healthy term newborns. Healthy infants (n = 102) were
      randomly allocated to receive one of three solutions (sucrose, human milk,
      sterile water) 2 min prior to taking a heel prick blood sample. The median values
      of crying time, recovery time and percentage change in heart rate at 1, 2 and 3
      min were recorded in response to the heel prick. Median crying times were 36, 52,
      and 62 s in the sucrose, placebo and human milk groups, respectively (P =
      0.0009). In the sucrose group, there was a significant reduction in crying time
      compared to human milk and placebo groups. Similarly, the median recovery time in
      the sucrose group (72 s) was shorter than that in the human milk (112 s) and
      placebo groups (124 s) (P = 0.004). The percentage change in heart rate at 1, 2
      and 3 min was also significantly lower in the sucrose group (P = 0.008, P = 0.01,
      P = 0.002 at 1, 2, and 3 min respectively). CONCLUSION: The orosensorial
      antinociceptive effect of human milk is not as effective as an analgesic as a 25%
      sucrose solution.

PMID- 9950312
TI  - Necrotising enterocolitis: is there a relationship to specific pathogens?
AB  - Outbreaks of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) have often been related to specific
      pathogens such as Enterobacteriaceae. This relationship, however, remains
      uncertain because of the retrospective nature of the studies addressing this
      issue. We performed a prospective study to investigate whether there is indeed an
      association between NEC and specific pathogens. Between April 1993 and March
      1997, stools of neonates of < 36 weeks admitted to our neonatal unit were
      investigated for bacteria in weekly intervals. Clinical and bacteriological data
      from each infant who developed NEC were compared with those from two control
      infants matched for gestational age and date of admission. Eighteen infants
      developed 19 episodes of NEC (clinical signs + air in portal vein); 8 of these
      had laparotomy; two died. Occurrences of NEC were homogeneously distributed over
      the 4-year study period. The only significant differences in the clinical course
      prior to NEC were a more severe stage of respiratory distress syndrome [median 2
      (0-4) vs. 0 (0-3), P < 0.05] and a higher proportion of infants who had only been
      formula fed (63 vs. 32%, P < 0.05) in the cases. Within the last week prior to
      NEC, potentially pathogenic bacteria were identified in stools of all cases and
      79% of controls (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the
      occurrence of specific pathogens or groups of pathogens in cases compared with
      controls. CONCLUSION: Although gut colonisation with potential pathogens appeared
      to be a prerequisite for the development of NEC, there were no specific bacteria
      associated with this disease if data from infants with NEC were compared with
      those from time- and gestational age-matched controls.

PMID- 9950313
TI  - Neonatal neutropenia associated with maternal hypertension poses a risk for
      nosocomial infection.
AB  - One hundred and six neonates of 24-32 weeks gestation born to hypertensive
      mothers and 106 concurrent control infants of normotensive mothers were evaluated
      to determine the relationship between maternal hypertension and neonatal
      neutropenia and the risk of nosocomial infection developing in neutropenic
      infants. Complete blood counts were performed on both cohorts and retrospectively
      evaluated. Neutropenia was diagnosed using published reference ranges for infants
      with birth weight <1500 g and > 1500 g. Evidence of nosocomial infection based on
      a positive blood culture with supportive clinical signs of sepsis was documented.
      The incidence of neutropenia among infants of hypertensive mothers was not
      significantly different from that among infants of normotensive mothers (21% vs
      24%), but the duration of neutropenia was significantly longer in the infants of
      hypertensive mothers (P = 0.0001). Nosocomial infection was more frequent in
      neutropenic than the non-neutropenic hypertensive mothers' infants (55% vs 12%, P
      = 0.0002). CONCLUSION: Although there is no difference in the incidence of
      neonatal neutropenia between infants of hypertensive mothers and those of
      normotensive mothers, the former group has an increased risk of nosocomial
      infection in neutropenic infants of hypertensive mothers. This may be related to
      prolonged neutropenia which was found in these infants in the present study.

PMID- 9950314
TI  - Successful stenting of congenital bronchial stenosis in infancy.
AB  - Recently, stent implantation has become the treatment of choice for patients with
      tracheobronchial stenosis due to malignant tumours, tuberculosis and recurrent
      stenosis following lung transplant. However, reports on this procedure in infants
      with congenital bronchial stenosis are extremely rare. We report successful stent
      implantation in an infant with congenital left bronchial stenosis followed by
      rapid improvement in his respiratory condition. CONCLUSION: The use of a stent in
      infants is still controversial because size mismatch will take place with growth.
      However, we believe that implantation of a metallic stent can be the preferred
      treatment of congenital bronchial stenosis even in small infants.

PMID- 9950315
TI  - A 30-month-old child with systolic murmur and temporal bruit.

PMID- 9950316
TI  - Fibronectin and meningococcal disease.

PMID- 9950317
TI  - Maternal phenylketonuria in two Sicilian families identified by maternal blood
      phenylalanine level screening and identification of a new phenylalanine
      hydroxylase gene mutation (P407L)

PMID- 9950318
TI  - Diagnosing bleeding Meckel diverticulum in children.

PMID- 9950319
TI  - Childhood Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in Russia.

PMID- 9950320
TI  - Genotypic and phenotypic resistance under zidovudine and lamivudine therapy in
      human immunodeficiency virus-infected children.

PMID- 9950321
TI  - A child with eosinophilic bronchopneumonia.

PMID- 9950322
TI  - Cure of latex allergy by bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 9950323
TI  - Immune responses in chickens against Eimeria tenella sporozoite antigen.
AB  - Two-day old broiler chicks were subcutaneously immunized with Eimeria tenella
      sporozoite antigen (25 microg per chick) with or without adjuvants on 2 and 18
      days of age and the effect of induced immunity was determined by challenging the
      chickens with 10(4) homologous sporulated oocysts at 32 days of age. Chicks
      immunized with sporozoite antigen emulsified in Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA)
      showed protection in terms of oocyst production, mortality and mean lesion
      scores. Antigen emulsified in FCA produced significant cell mediated immune
      responses (as assessed by lymphocyte migration inhibition test) from 12 to 30
      days post-immunization. Antibody responses as assessed by enzyme linked
      immunosorbent assay were significant from 12 days postimmunization when the
      antigen was administered with or without adjuvants by subcutaneous route.

PMID- 9950324
TI  - Epidemiological patterns of canine leishmaniasis [correction of leishmaniosis] in
      Western Liguria (Italy).
AB  - An epidemiological survey was carried out on the distribution of canine
      leishmaniasis in Western Liguria (Northern Italy). Blood sera from 21146 dogs
      collected from 1990 to 1996 were subjected to the indirect immunofluorescence
      test (IFAT). From 1990 to 1994 (16690 dogs), only monthly seroprevalences were
      calculated (min 14%-max 60.5%). Dog sera sampled from October 1994 to May 1996
      (4456 dogs) were divided into two subgroups (I: October 1994-May 1995; II:
      October 1995-May 1996). Seroprevalence was 30.3% and 22.1% in these two groups,
      respectively. Data analysis by log-linear models revealed that serological
      positivity to Leishmania sp. was significantly associated with a dog's outdoor
      lifestyle, with a rural environment and with the male sex. Of the 218 dogs which
      were tested twice seroconversion rates were also higher in outdoor, rural and
      male dogs while negativization rates were lower in the same groups. Basic
      reproductive numbers (R0) were 1.53 (subgroup I) and 1.28 (subgroup II).

PMID- 9950325
TI  - Experimental Cochlosoma anatis infections in poultry.
AB  - Cochlosoma anatis [Kotlan, A., 1923. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd.
      Infektienskr. Hyg. 90, pp. 24-28] is a flagellated protozoan parasite of birds.
      We have encountered C. anatis in turkeys with enteritis. Experimental oral
      inoculations of turkeys with 1 x 10(6) to 10 x 10(6) trophozoites consistently
      reproduced infections in recipients. Trophozoites were most numerous in the
      jejunum and ileum but could be observed in the duodenum, ceca, colon, and feces.
      When 12 naive turkeys were placed on contaminated litter vacated by excreting
      turkeys only one of 12 became infected. When eight naive turkeys were placed in
      boxes with birds currently excreting trophozoites, seven of eight became
      infected. Trophozoites could not survive exposure to water or to freezing.
      Attempts to culture trophozoites in modified Diamond's medium, Kiester's medium,
      RPMI 1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, or on cultured bovine turbinate
      cells were not successful. Four of six bobwhite quail and one of eight chickens
      orally inoculated with 10 x 10(6) to 20 x 10(6) trophozoites had detectable
      infections. Trophozoites were observed only in the ilea of bobwhite quail and the
      ceca of the positive chicken. Trophozoites collected from chickens and bobwhite
      quail remained infectious for turkeys.

PMID- 9950326
TI  - The effectiveness of benzimidazole derivatives for the treatment and prevention
      of histomonosis (blackhead) in turkeys.
AB  - The benzimidazole derivatives, albendazole and fenbendazole were evaluated for
      their effectiveness in the treatment and prevention of histomonosis (blackhead)
      in turkeys. Histomonosis was produced in 5 week-old birds by placing them on
      broiler breeder litter known to be contaminated with Heterakis gallinae ova and
      the protozoan Histomonas meleagridis. In the first trial, at the onset of
      confirmed clinical disease, birds were treated orally with metronidazole, a
      compound known to be effective against Histomonas. Those receiving metronidazole
      had significantly greater mean body weight gains during the treatment period and
      the 2 weeks following treatment than untreated controls. Treated birds also had
      significantly lower caecal and liver lesion scores. These findings served to
      validate the method of disease reproduction and establish its suitability for
      testing the benzimidazoles. Similar trials were conducted to determine the
      therapeutic value of albendazole at 100.0 mg/kg of body weight and fenbendazole
      at 10.0 mg/kg body weight, administered orally twice a day for 5 consecutive
      days. Under these conditions, both drugs were found to be ineffective as
      treatments. A final trial was conducted to assess the prophylactic value of
      albendazole and fenbendazole administration. At the time of placement on
      contaminated litter, birds were medicated as previously described with the
      exception that treatment was continued for 14 consecutive days, the approximate
      incubation period for histomonosis. The trial was terminated on the 16th day. In
      the case of both albendazole and fenbendazole, treatment was associated with a
      significant increase in mean body weight gain and lower caecal and liver lesion
      scores. It is believed that the observed prophylactic effect may be attributed to
      the destruction of the transport vector e.g., Heterakis larvae, or to direct
      killing of the flagellated form of Histomonas which is normally found in the
      caecal lumen and is considered to be more sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents
      than the amoeboid form found in tissues.

PMID- 9950327
TI  - Biological control of nematode parasites of livestock in Fiji: screening of fresh
      dung of small ruminants for the presence of nematophagous fungi.
AB  - Approximately 2500 faecal samples were collected per rectum from sheep and goats
      from 26 farms located on four of the Fijian islands where most of the small
      ruminants in this country are raised. The purpose was to screen these samples to
      isolate nematode-trapping fungi that had been acquired by these animals during
      the course of their feeding and which had remained viable following passage
      through their gastrointestinal tract. From these samples, 23 examples of
      nematophagous fungi were noted in the initial appraisal, from which 12 pure
      isolates (all of the genus Arthrobotrys) were made. A number factors emerged from
      this work which may have restricted the opportunities in which nematophagous
      fungi were detected, or isolated.

PMID- 9950328
TI  - Comparison of pharmacokinetic profiles of doramectin and ivermectin pour-on
      formulations in cattle.
AB  - The plasma pharmacokinetics of doramectin and invermectin after topical
      administration (500 microg kg(-1)) were compared over a 50-day period in 24 young
      beef cattle. Observed maximum concentration (Cmax) and time to maximum
      concentration (Tmax) were determined directly from plasma concentrations for each
      animal. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and mean
      residence time (MRT) were calculated as indices of drug exposure and persistence.
      The Cmax of doramectin (12.2+/-4.8 ng ml(-1)) and ivermectin (12.2+/-6.0 ng ml(
      1)) and Tmax of doramectin (4.3+/-1.6 days) and ivermectin (3.4+/-0.8 days) were
      not significantly different (p > 0.05). In contrast, the AUC of doramectin
      (168.0+/-41.7 ng day ml(-1)) was significantly greater than that of ivermectin
      (115.5+/-43.0 ng day ml(-1)). Furthermore, the range of AUC values calculated for
      ivermectin was wider than that obtained for doramectin, extending from 51.3 to
      182.3 ng day ml(-1) for ivermectin versus 104.3-228.7 ng day ml(-1) for
      doramectin. The MRT was significantly greater for doramectin (12.8+/-1.9 days)
      than for ivermectin (8.4+/-1.5 days). It was concluded that a 500 microg kg(-1)
      pour-on administration of doramectin and ivermectin led to an overall exposure as
      reflected by the mean AUC, that was 45% higher for doramectin compared to
      ivermectin and that the relative inter-individual variability was less for
      doramectin than for ivermectin. Possible therapeutic consequences of these
      differences between doramectin and ivermectin pour-on formulations are discussed.

PMID- 9950329
TI  - Detection of Trichinella infection in slaughter horses by ELISA and western blot
      analysis.
AB  - In order to determine the presence of Trichinella infections in horses
      slaughtered at an abattoir in Mexico, 147 serum samples were examined by two
      immunoenzymatic methods. Specific antibodies were detected by ELISA in 7% of the
      serum samples at a dilution 1:400 and in 10% at lower dilutions (1:20, 1:40)
      using Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ML) excretory/secretory (E/S) products.
      Serum samples from four naturally infected horses (confirmed by direct methods)
      gave negative O.D. values in an ELISA at a 1:400 dilution and only two of them
      were positive at a 1:20 and 1:40 dilutions. Serum samples from experimentally
      infected horses reacted by Western blotting with ML components with molecular
      weights of 47, 52, 59, 67, 72 and 105 kDa which correspond to the TSL-1 antigens.
      Serum samples from the four naturally infected horses and from the abattoir
      horses that were positive in ELISA using E/S antigens recognized several ML
      components, some of them reacted with all the TSL-1 antigens mentioned above and
      others recognized preferentially two or three of these molecules. Since the
      serologic assays may not offer the sensitivity required in the diagnosis of
      horses trichinellosis and the direct methods had not always been useful in the
      detection of larvae in horsemeat related to trichinellosis outbreaks in Europe,
      it is proposed that additional assays are performed to determine Trichinella
      infection in horses. These can include detection of parasite antigens by ELISA
      and Dot ELISA or PCR, which in turn may also help to determine the presence of
      the parasite in early and late infections of horses.

PMID- 9950330
TI  - Helminths from a stranded manatee in the Dominican Republic.
AB  - Endangered West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) are known to be parasitized
      by a number of helminths and ectoparasites. Records of parasitic associations
      exist for Florida, Mexico, Guyana, Brazil, Cuba and recently for Puerto Rico.
      Parasites of manatees in other Caribbean areas have not been documented,
      particularly from Hispaniola. We report on the occurrence of a species of
      nematode and of two trematodes from a 238-cm male manatee from Portillo (19
      degrees 20' N, 69 degrees 35' W), Las Terrenas, in the Dominican Republic. Three
      species of helminths were collected, including the opisthotrematid Cochleotrema
      cochleotrema, the ascarid Heterocheilus tunicatus, and the paramphistomid
      trematode Chiorchis fabaceus. The documentation of these helminths constitutes
      the first record of these parasites and host relationships for Hispaniola and the
      second for the northeastern Caribbean.

PMID- 9950331
TI  - Geostatistics and remote sensing using NOAA-AVHRR satellite imagery as predictive
      tools in tick distribution and habitat suitability estimations for Boophilus
      microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in South America. National Oceanographic and
      Atmosphere Administration-Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer.
AB  - Remote sensing based on NOAA (National Oceanographic and Atmosphere
      Administration) satellite imagery was used, together with geostatistics
      (cokriging) to model the correlation between the temperature and vegetation
      variables and the distribution of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus
      (Canestrini), in the Neotropical region. The results were used to map the B.
      microplus habitat suitability on a continental scale. A database of B. microplus
      capture localities was used, which was tabulated with the AVHRR (Advanced Very
      High Resolution Radiometer) images from the NOAA satellite series. They were
      obtained at 10 days intervals between 1983 and 1994, with an 8 km resolution. A
      cokriging system was generated to extrapolate the results. The data for habitat
      suitability obtained through two vegetation and four temperature variables were
      strongly correlated with the known distribution of B. microplus (sensitivity
      0.91; specificity 0.88) and provide a good estimation of the tick habitat
      suitability. This model could be used as a guide to the correct interpretation of
      the distribution limits of B. microplus. It can be also used to prepare
      eradication campaigns or to make predictions about the effects of global change
      on the distribution of the parasite.

PMID- 9950332
TI  - The incidence and economic significance of ovine toxoplasmosis in Uruguay.
AB  - Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were measured before and after pregnancy in a
      1:64 dilution of sera with the direct agglutination test in 1613 ewes from 18
      farms in eight different counties of Uruguay from 1992 to 1994. The overall
      seroprevalence increased from 28.7% before mating to 38.5% after lambing in 2.5
      years and thus the incidence was 9.8%. Losses due to toxoplasmosis during
      pregnancy were estimated to be 1.4-3.9% of the total number of ewes investigated,
      amounting to approximately US$1.4-4.7 million for the whole country.

PMID- 9950333
TI  - Detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in wild mammals of mainland Britain.
AB  - This paper combines the results from a preliminary survey of occurrence of
      Cryptosporidium species in faecal samples from a range of wild mammal species
      inhabiting mainland Britain with a tabulated literature review of world-wide
      reports of the parasite in those British mammals. In the literature, C. parvum
      was reported from 11 wild mammals found in Britain and elsewhere, mainly in
      rodents but also in insectivores, lagomorphs and ungulates. C. muris has been
      reported only in wild rodents. The sample survey detected C. parvum in seven
      additional British species, including carnivores. Overall, 12% of 184 faecal
      samples tested with a genus-specific monoclonal antibody contained oocysts of C.
      parvum. The results further emphasise the widespread distribution of
      Cryptosporidium amongst wild mammals in Britain, highlight the potential for
      transmission between host species and warn of the possibility of direct exposure
      for anybody using the countryside for professional or recreational purposes (e.g.
      farmers and ramblers) to previously unregarded sources of infection. It seems
      increasingly likely that most, if not all, mammalian species can be infected with
      C. parvum.

PMID- 9950334
TI  - Drug resistance in Sudanese Trypanosoma evansi.
AB  - The drug sensitivities of 16 Trypanosoma evansi isolates from Sudan were examined
      using two different in vitro assays and rodent models. IC50 values (concentration
      which inhibited incorporation of 3H-hypoxanthine by 50%) obtained in a 40 h assay
      indicate that most of the isolates were resistant to suramin, a drug which has
      not been used in Sudan since 1975. Sensitivities for suramin in a 10-day-in vitro
      assay varied within a 124-fold range. The in vitro results were confirmed by
      infection/treatment experiments in mice. Sensitivities in vitro for quinapyramine
      varied within a 166-fold range. In mice, the least sensitive isolates were not
      cured with dosages up to 10 mg/kg quinapyramine. Based on in vitro results, all
      isolates appeared to be susceptible to isometamidium.

PMID- 9950336
TI  - Seroprevalence of Trichinella infection in domestic swine based on the National
      Animal Health Monitoring System's 1990 and 1995 swine surveys.
AB  - Swine sera collected by the US Department of Agriculture's Center for Animal
      Health Monitoring during 1990 and 1995 was tested for antibodies to Trichinella
      spiralis using an enzyme immunoassay. From a total of 3048 sera collected from
      lactating sows in 1990, five sera tested positive for a prevalence of 0.16%. From
      a total of 7987 sera collected from both finishing pigs and gestating sows in
      1995, one serum was positive for a prevalence of 0.013%. Responses to
      questionnaires administered at the time of serum collection showed that
      seropositive farms had management variables consistent with known risk factors
      for exposure to trichinae.

PMID- 9950335
TI  - The effect of first season chemoprophylaxis in calves on second season pasture
      contamination and acquired resistance and resilience to gastrointestinal
      nematodes.
AB  - Two groups of second grazing season cattle, which had been treated with an
      ivermectin-sustained-release bolus (ISRB) in their first grazing season, were
      monitored during consecutive years (1995 and 1996) on the same second grazing
      season pasture. In the preceding year (1994), this pasture had been grazed by
      yearlings that had not received chemoprophylaxis in their first grazing season.
      The objectives of the study were, firstly, to investigate whether the
      chemoprophylactic-treated yearlings were less resistant to gastrointestinal
      nematodes upon subsequent exposure, and hence excreted more strongyle eggs
      compared to the control yearlings; secondly, whether an increased susceptibility
      of the previously treated animals resulted in a yearly increase of the pasture
      infestation on the second grazing season pasture; and finally, whether this
      affected the second year weight gain of the animals. In 1996, the yearlings that
      had been chemoprophylactic-treated in 1995 excreted higher numbers of nematode
      eggs, compared to the previously 'untreated' yearlings. In addition, the
      proportion of Cooperia larvae was markedly higher in the faecal cultures from the
      chemoprophylactic treated-animals, suggesting a negative effect of preventive
      treatment with an ISRB on the acquired resistance of the animals. However, there
      was no evidence that the slightly higher egg output in the previously treated
      yearlings had an effect on the larval contamination of the second grazing season
      pasture. A significant yearly decrease in the second season average daily weight
      gains was observed, but it could not be inferred from the results of the
      parasitological parameters that the differences in second year growth were caused
      by different levels of resilience between chemoprophylactic-treated and 
      untreated animals. As the study covered three consecutive second grazing seasons,
      an effect of differences between years (e.g. in weather conditions or grass
      growth) on the results cannot be excluded.

PMID- 9950337
TI  - Nematode burdens and cellular responses in the abomasal mucosa and blood of
      Florida Native, Rambouillet and crossbreed lambs.
AB  - This experiment was carried out to compare the worm burden and cellular responses
      in the abomasal mucosa and blood of Florida Native and Rambouillet lambs and also
      in animals produced by crosses of these two breeds (generations F1 and F2).
      Animals were exposed to infection by gastrointestinal nematodes on three
      different occasions. The first infection was natural, occurring while they were
      suckling lambs. After weaning, they were kept indoors for 53 days and then were
      allowed to graze a contaminated pasture for 50 days for a second natural
      infection. The third infection was an artificial challenge with 6000 Haemonchus
      contortus infective larvae. The highest mean fecal egg counts (FEC) values were
      found in Rambouillet lambs followed in decreasing order by F1, F2 and Florida
      Native lambs. Throughout the trial, most of the high mean packed cell volumes and
      plasma protein levels were recorded in the F2 lambs; in contrast, most of the low
      values were found in the Rambouillet lambs. During the natural infection period,
      the highest percentages of larvae in the fecal cultures of the lambs were
      Haemonchus. However, high percentages of Trichostrongylus larvae were found
      particularly in Florida Native lambs. The mean number of blood eosinophils
      increased after the artificial challenge, reached a peak 21 days after infection
      and then declined. The highest and lowest blood eosinophil means were recorded in
      F2 and Florida Native lambs, respectively. The H. contortus burden was
      significantly higher in Rambouillet and in F1 lambs than in Florida Native and F2
      lambs (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were recorded among
      eosinophil, mast cell and globule leucocyte counts in the abomasal mucosa (p >
      0.05). The highest correlation coefficient recorded at the end of this study was
      between FEC and worm burden (r = 0.7). These two parameters showed a moderate
      negative correlation with PCV, plasma protein and mast cell counts in the
      abomasal mucosa. The results obtained in this study indicate that crossbreeding
      Florida Native and Rambouillet sheep can be a rapid way to combine and improve
      the characteristics of these two breeds. The parasitological results were
      promising, however, more studies will be necessary to verify the impact of
      crossbreeding in other traits.

PMID- 9950338
TI  - The determination at housing of exposure to gastrointestinal nematode infections
      in first-grazing season calves.
AB  - Various parameter estimates were assessed at housing in calves that had been
      exposed to gastrointestinal nematodes during a first grazing season. The analysis
      involved 41 groups of first grazing season (FGS) calves on 15 different farms in
      Belgium and comprised groups that had received chemoprophylactic treatment and
      untreated controls. Serum pepsinogen levels gave the clearest division between
      chemoprophylactic-treated calf groups (all were <2.6 U tyr), and untreated calf
      groups in which sub-clinical (range: 2.0-4.1 U tyr) and clinical infections
      (range 3.7-6.3 U tyr) occurred. There was also a tight relationship between
      individual pepsinogen values and adult Ostertagia burdens obtained at slaughter.
      In chemoprophylactic-treated groups there was a significant negative relationship
      between mean serum pepsinogen levels at housing and the proportion of the grazing
      season covered by different chemoprophylactic systems. Although only limited data
      on crude adult Ostertagia antigen ELISA were available, a good relationship
      between optical densities and estimated exposure was also found. The
      parasitological parameters, faecal egg counts and pasture Ostertagia larval
      counts at housing, and weight gain per day, gave less clear divisions among the
      three categories (chemoprophylaxis, sub-clinical and clinical). Distinguishing
      how much exposure a calf group has experienced during a first grazing season
      could help in designing more appropriate control measures for the FGS calves in
      the next year, assuring good protection and at the same time allowing sufficient
      exposure for the development of acquired immunity to Ostertagia, and for this
      serum pepsinogen is recommended.

PMID- 9950339
TI  - Prevalence of encysted apicomplexans in muscles of raptors.
AB  - An acid-pepsin digestion technique was used to examine portions of breast muscle
      and heart from raptors for encysted protozoans. Apicomplexan zoites were present
      in 52 (45.6%) of the 114 samples examined: 11 of 12 (91.7%) red-shouldered hawks
      (Buteo lineatus), 20 of 34 (58.8%) red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), two of
      seven (28.6%) Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperi), three of four (75%) sharp
      shinned hawks (Accipiter striatus), one (100%) Mississippi kites (Ictinia
      misisippiensis), one of two (50%) American kestrels (Falco sparverius), one bald
      eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), one of two (50%) golden eagles (Aquila
      chrysaetos), one of three (33%) turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), two of three
      (66.7%) black vultures (Coragyps atratus), three of six (50%) great-horned owls
      (Bubo virginianus), five of 15 (33.3%) barred owls (Strix varia), and one of 12
      (8.3%) screech owls (Asio otus). Encysted protozoans were not observed in digests
      of tissues from three broad-winged hawks (Buteo platypterus), four ospreys
      (Pandion haliaetus), and five barn owls (Tyto alba). Apicomplexan cysts
      resembling Sarcocystis species were observed in tissue sections of muscles from
      28 (37.8%) of 74 raptors.

PMID- 9950340
TI  - Comparative evaluation of two emigration/sedimentation techniques for the
      recovery of dictyocaulid and protostrongylid larvae from faeces.
AB  - A comparison between the performance of a flask and a funnel method in recovering
      dictyocaulid and protostrongylid larvae from faeces revealed the clear
      superiority of the former. On an average, 137% (p<0.01) more Dictyocaulus
      viviparus, 175% (p<0.05) more Muellerius capillaris and 1709% (p < 0.01) more
      Elaphostrongylus cervi larvae were recovered from samples processed by flask
      rather than funnel. Attempts to further improve the flask method by substituting
      cloth stockinette for paper tissue, tended to result in the recovery of more
      faecal debris but no more larvae. In addition to its greater sensitivity, it is
      suggested that the flask method offers advantages over the funnel system both in
      terms of time-saving and in lessening the likelihood of cross-contamination.

PMID- 9950341
TI  - Recovery of Oxyuris equi eggs from hemomelasma ilei lesions on ileal serosa of a
      Thoroughbred yearling filly.

PMID- 9950343
TI  - Regional seroprevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum-specific IgG of cats in the
      United States.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the regional prevalence of
      Cryptosporidium parvum-specific IgG in the sera of cats in the United States. The
      continental United States was partitioned into eight regional areas. Serum
      samples from 75 cats from each region were assayed for C. parvum-specific IgG
      using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Age, sex, breed, and
      indoor/outdoor status were examined as possible risk factors for developing a
      positive C. parvum-specific IgG antibody titer. The presence of gastro-intestinal
      signs and Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgG in the serum were also evaluated for
      association with C. parvum seropositivity. Of the 600 samples assayed, 50 (8.3%)
      were positive for C. parvum-specific IgG. Regional seroprevalence ranged from
      1.3% in the mid-Atlantic states to 14.7% in the south-eastern states. The oldest
      group of cats (>10 years) had the highest seroprevalence (15.3%). The prevalence
      of C. parvum-specific IgG was higher among male (10.1%) than among female cats
      (6.9%), although, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.17).
      Seropositivity was not associated with pure-bred status. C. parvum-specific IgG
      antibodies was detected most frequently in T. gondii-specific IgG seropositive
      cats, outdoor cats, and cats with gastro-intestinal signs. These results suggest
      that cats in the United States are commonly exposed to C. parvum.

PMID- 9950342
TI  - Cryptosporidium and concurrent infections with other major enterophatogens in 1
      to 30-day-old diarrheic dairy calves in central Spain.
AB  - Faeces samples from 218, 1 to 30-day-old, diarrheic dairy calves in 65 dairy
      herds were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium and concurrent infections
      with rotavirus, coronavirus, F5 Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Calves were
      grouped according to their age as follows: 1-7, 8-14, 15-21 and 22-30 days.
      Cryptosporidium infection was detected in 43.8%, 71.9%, 63.2% and 6.9% of the
      calves in the respective age groups. Significant differences in the detection
      rate of Cryptosporidium were found between the age group 22-30 days and all other
      age groups, and between the age group 1-7 days and the age groups 8-14 days and
      15-21 days. Cryptosporidium was the only enteropathogen detected in 60 of the 114
      (52.6%) diarrheic calves. Concurrent infections with other enteropathogen(s) were
      detected in 64.3%, 46.3%, 39.5% and 0% of the Cryptosporidium-infected calves in
      the age groups 1-7, 8-14, 15-21 and 22-30 days, respectively. A significant age
      associated decrease in the detection rate of mixed infections (p < 0.05) was
      found. The detection rates of the other enteropathogens considered in calves with
      Cryptosporidium infection were 87% for rotavirus, 11.1% for coronavirus, 27.8%
      for F5+ E. coli and 1.8% for Salmonella.

PMID- 9950344
TI  - Study on the sequential tsetse-transmitted Trypanosoma congolense, T. brucei
      brucei and T. vivax infections to African buffalo, eland, waterbuck, N'Dama and
      Boran cattle.
AB  - Susceptibility of African buffalo, eland, waterbuck, N'Dama and Boran cattle to
      sequential Glossina morsitans centralis-transmitted infections of Trypanosoma
      congolense, T. brucei brucei and T. vivax was compared, and their possible role
      as reservoirs of these parasites for G. moristans centralis, G. pallidipes, G.
      austeni, G. brevipalpis and G. longipennis determined. The buffalo, eland,
      waterbuck and N'Dama controlled T. congolense parasitaemias and were able to
      prevent anaemia. By contrast, one Boran became severely anaemic whilst the other
      controlled parasitaemia and anaemia. When the above five species of Bovidae were
      rechallenged with T. brucei brucei they showed persistent parasitaemias but did
      not develop anaemia. The buffalo died of other causes. When the remaining four
      bovids were rechallenged with T. vivax they became infected with mixed T.
      vivax/T. b. brucei parasites. Eland, waterbuck and N'Dama controlled
      parasitaemias and anaemia whereas the Boran became anaemic. Cyclical development
      of T. congolense occurred in G. moristans centralis when fed on the bovid hosts,
      with buffalo being infective for tsetse flies for a much longer period. There was
      no relationship between the levels of T. congolense parasitaemia in the bovid
      hosts and the resultant infection rates in tsetse flies. Glossina m. centralis
      was more susceptible than G. pallidipes to T. brucei brucei whilst G. austeni the
      least; G. brevipalpis and G. longipennis were refractory to the mature infection.
      Again there was no relationship between T. brucei brucei parasitaemia levels in
      the hosts and infection rates in the flies. Glossina m. centralis and G.
      pallidipes showed mixed T. brucei brucei/T. vivax infections whilst G. austeni,
      G. brevipalpis and G. longipennis became infected with T. vivax alone. Tsetse
      flies showed higher T. vivax infection rates when fed on the hosts with high
      parasitaemias than thosewith low parasitaemias. Thus trypanotolerant African
      buffalo, eland, waterbuck, N'Dama as well as some trypanosusceptible Boran cattle
      can serve as reservoirs of single or mixed trypanosome infections for tsetse
      flies. This study has also shown that the Ag-ELISA on the sera from the five
      bovid hosts had low sensitivity and species-specificity. Examinations of thin wet
      blood films and buffy coats with a phase-contrast microscope were not sensitive
      enough to detect the parasites on all occasions. Xenodiagnosis using mice for T.
      brucei brucei and T. congolense infections, and tsetse flies for all the three
      trypanosome species were most sensitive for the detection of trypanosome
      infections in the bovid hosts.

PMID- 9950345
TI  - Effects of Trypanosoma congolense infection and diet on puberty, age at first
      lambing and haematology changes in Djallonke ewe lambs.
AB  - The interactions between T. congolense infection and nutritional supplements on
      onset of puberty and age at first lambing were observed in 24 young Djallonke
      ewes. As experimental design, a randomised complete block design was used with
      four treatment combinations, of which two were kept on a restricted diet (L), the
      remainder on an unrestricted diet (H) and half of each nutritional group being
      infected with T. congolense (LI and HI), the remainder serving as controls (LC
      and HC). Infection with T. congolense took place at an average age of 6 months
      and 15 days. Mortality due to trypanosome infection was zero and clinical
      symptoms were not obvious. Intensity of parasitaemia and packed cell volume (PCV)
      drop following trypanosome infection were similar in both infected groups (HI and
      LI). High dietary supplementation resulted temporarily in a better haematopoietic
      response following trypanosome infection, measured as a macrocytic anaemia. Dry
      matter intake (DMI) was significantly depressed in the HI group immediately
      following infection. Trypanosome infection had a negative effect on live weight
      gain during the chronic phase, with the difference being most obvious in the HI
      group (interaction diet x infection; p< or =0.05). Whereas trypanosome infection
      had no significant effect, high supplementary feeding significantly reduced the
      age at first cycling. Age at first lambing was similarly reduced by the diet.
      Trypanosome infection tended (p< or =0.09) to delay age at first lambing with a
      mean difference of 31.5+/-22.4 days between infected and controls. Interactions
      between diet and infection for age at first cycling/lambing were not significant,
      indicating these effects were just additive. Neither birth weights nor growth
      rates of offspring born to the experimental animals were significantly affected
      by previous trypanosome infection, nor by the diet of the dam. In contrast, lamb
      mortality up to 3 months of age was significantly increased by infection of the
      dam and most losses arose in group LI. In conclusion, the effects of trypanosome
      infection on puberty and age at first lambing were indirectly mediated through
      depression of growth rates. Nutritional supplementation enabled a better
      erythropoietic response to T. congolense infection and better offspring survival
      rates but resulted in more depressed weight gains. The results however clearly
      indicated the delaying effect of insufficient feeding on onset of puberty and
      reproductive performance in young Djallonke sheep.

PMID- 9950346
TI  - PCR diagnosis of benzimidazole-susceptibility or -resistance in natural
      populations of the small ruminant parasite, Teladorsagia circumcincta.
AB  - We have developed a new molecular tool for the diagnosis of the benzimidazole
      (BZ)-susceptibility or resistance in Teladorsagia circumcincta a nematode
      parasite of small ruminants. This tool is based on the use of the PCR and allows
      the genotyping of resistant (rr) or susceptible (rS and SS) adult worms or
      larvae. By using four primers in the same reaction mixture, worms can be
      genotyped in regard to the mutation on the residue 200 (phenylalanine to
      tyrosine) of the beta-tubulin which is implicated in BZ resistance. A very high
      proportion of homozygous SS (Phe/Phe) individuals characterized the BZ
      susceptible populations, whereas a variable proportion of homozygous rr (Tyr/Tyr)
      individuals characterized the BZ resistant populations. A positive correlation
      was observed between the LD50 estimated by egg hatch assay, and the proportion of
      mutant homozygous individuals rr (Tyr/Tyr). Our PCR method allows the rapid
      genotyping of numerous worms and permits the detection of the first resistant
      individuals in a worm population.

PMID- 9950347
TI  - Comparison of six in vitro tests in determining benzimidazole and levamisole
      resistance in Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia circumcincta of sheep.
AB  - Six in vitro methods for the detection of anthelmintic resistance were compared
      using benzimidazole/levamisole-resistant Haemonchus contortus and
      benzimidazole/levamisole/ivermectin-resistant Ostertagia circumcincta as well as
      susceptible strains of both parasite species. The degree of resistance to
      thiabendazole and levamisole was compared by (1) an egg hatch assay, (2) an egg
      hatch paralysis assay, (3) a larval development assay, (4) a larval paralysis
      assay (5) a larval paralysis assay with physostigmine and (6) larval
      micromotility assay. The degree of resistance for each assay was expressed as
      resistance factor--RF. For the detection of thiabendazole and levamisole
      resistance, the larval development test was observed as the most sensitive to
      measure quantitatively a degree of resistance between susceptible and resistant
      strains. For this test the RF for thiabendazole and levamisole was 14.3 and
      >32.5, respectively in H. contortus strains and 21.1 and 3.5 in strains of O.
      circumcincta. Egg hatch assay was also found to be sensitive and accurate in
      determining of resistance to benzimidazole. For measurement of levamisole
      resistance the egg hatch paralysis assay and larval paralysis assay were found to
      be able to distinguish between strains, but some disadvantages of these
      techniques make it unsuitable for field detection of levamisole resistance. Other
      in vitro assays as larval paralysis assay with physostigmine and larval
      micromotility assay were also investigated. Significant differences in paralysis
      of the larvae were observed using larval paralysis assay.

PMID- 9950348
TI  - Enhancement of resistance in mice treated with Lactobacillus casei: effect on
      Trichinella spiralis infection.
AB  - The ability of viable Lactobacillus casei, administered by an intraperitoneal
      route, to induce resistance in mice against Trichinella spiralis infection was
      tested. The percent reduction of adult worms in the intestine 5 days after T.
      spiralis infection observed in L. casei-treated animals, compared with those of
      the control group, fluctuated between 70.9 and 88.5%; reductions of larvae per
      gram of muscle tissue, evaluated at 30 days after infection, varied from 46.6 to
      84.4% in L. casei-treated mice compared with controls. At 5 days after infection,
      intestinal villus height was shorter in T. spiralis-infected animals than in L.
      casei-treated or uninfected mice. There were fewer mast cells/crypt unit in L.
      casei-treated and uninfected mice than in T. spiralis-infected animals.
      Lactobacilli-treated mice showed twice as many mononuclear cells/crypt unit as T.
      spiralis-infected animals. The IFN-gamma serum level was higher in L. casei
      treated animals at the time of worm challenge as compared with T. spiralis
      infected or uninfected mice. The results indicate that: (1) L. casei increased
      resistance that acted against T. spiralis infection in mice, (2) this resistance
      apparently was directed against adult worms in the intestine.

PMID- 9950349
TI  - The effect of continuous drug exposure on the immune response to Trichostrongylus
      colubriformis in sheep.
AB  - The effect of albendazole (ABZ)-capsule (CRC) administration on parasite
      establishment and immunity to ABZ-resistant (RES) and -susceptible (SUS) T.
      colubriformis was measured in Romney lambs. During 12 weeks of twice-weekly
      dosing with 3000 parasite larvae (L3), eggs were observed in faeces from CRC
      treated and untreated lambs given RES L3, but not CRC-treated lambs given SUS L3.
      Following the period of trickle challenge all lambs were drenched and, 1 week
      later, dosed with 20000 SUS L3. Resulting worm burdens were higher in control
      lambs than in those previously treated with CRCs and challenged with SUS, which
      in turn were higher than those in the CRC-treated or -untreated lambs previously
      challenged with RES L3. During the period of trickle challenge, the number of
      peripheral eosinophils and titres of anti-L3 and anti-adult antibody were raised
      only in those groups given RES L3. There was no effect of CRC administration.
      Following drench and challenge, antibody titres and eosinophil numbers increased
      in the control animals but not in those groups which had received previous
      trickle infection. The results demonstrate that the larval challenge alone
      resulted in incomplete though substantial protection against subsequent parasite
      challenge. The use of CRCs may potentially impact on subsequent animal
      performance and selection for anthelmintic resistance through a reduced level of
      immunity.

PMID- 9950350
TI  - Quantitation of equine cytokine mRNA expression by reverse transcription
      competitive polymerase chain reaction.
AB  - A reverse transcription-competitive polymerase chain reaction (RT-cPCR) method
      was developed to quantitate equine interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4,
      IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p35, IL-12 p40, interferon-gamma (INF-gamma), tumor
      necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and beta-actin mRNA expression. Using primers
      based on equine-specific sequences, these cytokines could be detected in
      concanavalin A-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The specificity of
      the amplified product was confirmed by sequencing. For each cytokine, the assay
      was made quantitative by generating competitor DNA fragments (mimic) containing
      the same primer template as a equine cytokine, but differing in size to make them
      distinguishable on an agarose gel. Serial dilutions of the mimic were added to
      PCR reactions containing constant amount of equine cDNA. Following gel
      electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining, densitometric analysis of the
      bands corresponding to the target and mimic were used to construct a standard
      curve from which the amount of target cDNA was derived. Quantitation of IL-6 gene
      expression from a cDNA sample on four different days gave a coefficient of
      variation or 6.6%. Sample-to-sample variation in the efficiency of the reverse
      transcription as well as in the quantity of quality of starting RNA was
      considerably attenuated by normalizing the results to beta-actin mRNA expression
      used as a house-keeping gene. Small differences (2-fold) in cytokine mRNA
      expression were reliably detected. The sensitivity and reproducibility of this
      technique will make it valuable in following changes in equine cytokine gene
      expression in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the RT-cPCR technique described
      will have broad applicability for quantitation of cytokine gene expression in
      other animal species of veterinary interest.

PMID- 9950351
TI  - Equine herpesvirus type 1 infects dendritic cells in vitro: stimulation of T
      lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxicity by infected dendritic cells.
AB  - Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) causes respiratory disease, abortion and
      myeloencephalopathy in horses. As with other herpesviruses, cell-mediated
      immunity is considered important for both recovery and protection. Although virus
      specific T-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity can be detected following in vivo
      infection, little is known about the role of antigen presenting cells such as
      dendritic cells (DCs) in these processes. Peripheral blood DCs were shown to
      express the viral glycoprotein gB perinuclearly following exposure to EHV-1 in
      vitro, demonstrating EHV-1 replication within them. Co-culture of infected DCs or
      their supernatants with a susceptible cell line (RK13) demonstrated that EHV-1
      infection was productive. In vitro-infected DCs showed cytopathic effects,
      including loss of viability and syncytial formation. However, they were superior
      to other antigen presenting cells in stimulating both peripheral blood T-cell
      proliferation and cytotoxicity. Although ponies which had been intranasally
      infected with EHV-1 exhibited T-cell proliferation to live virus presented on
      DCs, the responses began to decline as early as 15 weeks and cease at 22 weeks
      post-in vivo infection. Cytotoxic responses were not detected 35 weeks after the
      first intranasal infection but were seen again 7 weeks following a second
      infection. These findings show that equine DCs, which are infected with EHV-1 in
      vitro, can stimulate memory T-cell responses but appear unable to circumvent the
      short-lived memory response found following this infection in vivo.

PMID- 9950352
TI  - Dual-color flow cytometric analysis of phenotype, activation marker expression,
      and proliferation of mitogen-stimulated bovine lymphocyte subsets.
AB  - Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in vitro for 3 days with
      the mitogens concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), phytohemagglutinin
      (PHA), and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. Activation of T-lymphocyte subsets
      (CD4+, CD8+, and gammadelta T-cell receptor+) and of B-cells was measured by two
      color flow cytometric analysis of subset expression of IL-2 receptor alpha (CD25)
      and MHC class II. Proliferation of lymphocyte subsets was directly measured by
      two-color flow cytometric analysis of fluorescence intensity of PKH2, a
      fluorescent dye that stably incorporates into cell membranes. CD4+ and CD8+ T
      cell subsets were stimulated by all the mitogens to increase expression of IL2r
      and MHC II and to proliferate. Deltagamma+ T-cells responded to all four mitogens
      with increased IL2r and MHC II expression. Con A and PHA caused measurable
      proliferation of deltagamma+ T-cells, but PWM and anti-CD3 did not. B-cells
      generally responded to the mitogens with increased IL2r and MHC II expression. B
      cells proliferated when incubated with Con A, but did not measurably proliferate
      in response to PWM, PHA, or anti-CD3.

PMID- 9950354
TI  - Effect of peroral anti-bacterial antiserum treatment on intestinal immune
      parameters of germ-free piglets intragastrically infected with virulent
      Salmonella typhimurium or enteropathogenic E. coli.
AB  - Germ-free piglets were orally infected with either enteropathogenic E. coli 055
      or a virulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium. Orally applied antiserum against
      E. coli protected infected animals in spite of the fact that the bacteria were
      consistently found in mesenteric lymph nodes and other organs. By contrast, the
      application of an antiserum against S. typhimurium was without any effect on the
      outcome of infection. The treatment with anti-bacterial antiserum prevented
      inflammation of ileal mucosa (TNF-alpha and heat shock protein 65 expression)
      only in piglets infected with E. coli. A decrease in the frequency of ileal
      MAC320+ cells was observed in all infected piglets treated with antiserum.

PMID- 9950353
TI  - Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein and decreased polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      function in early post-partum dairy cows.
AB  - Phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophil
      leukocytes (PMN) isolated from blood and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (bPAG)
      concentrations in plasma were evaluated in two longitudinal studies in dairy cows
      from 3 weeks before until 5 weeks after calving, carried out in the United States
      and in Europe. Ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus by blood PMN increased during
      the first week after calving and normalised 3 weeks post-partum. Phagocytosis of
      Escherichia coli did not change in the early post-partum period. In both studies,
      a significant decrease in oxidative burst activity of PMN was observed between 1
      and 3 weeks after calving. In all cows, a very significant increase in plasma
      bPAG concentration was found between 1 week before and 2 weeks after calving. The
      peak of bPAG concentration in plasma immediately preceded the alterations of
      blood PMN functions. These results suggest that bPAG may be associated with
      inhibition of PMN function of dairy cows during the early post-partum period.

PMID- 9950355
TI  - In vitro exposure with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate enhances chicken
      macrophage growth and function.
AB  - Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), a leucine catabolite, has been shown to
      decrease broiler mortality. One possible target of HMB action may be the cells of
      the immune system. Macrophages from a chicken macrophage cell line, MQ-NCSU, were
      exposed to 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 microg of HMB per 5 x l0(4) cells in a 96
      well culture plate. After 24 h of exposure, macrophage proliferation was
      quantitated by an MTT bioassay. In duplicate experiments, HMB stimulated growth
      over control (p < or = 0.05) at a wide range of doses. Macrophages were exposed
      to 20 and 80 microg of HMB and the culture supernatant fractions tested for the
      presence of nitrite. HMB exposure (20 microg) increased nitrite production by
      44.1% over the controls (Experiment 1, p< or =0.035). To determine the phagocytic
      potential of macrophages after HMB exposure, MQ-NCSU cell line and Sephadex-G50
      elicited abdominal macrophages were incubated with fluorescent latex beads (1:40,
      macrophage to beads ratio) for I h and then analyzed by flow cytometry. When
      exposed to 40 microg HMB, the phagocytic potential of MQ-NCSU macrophages was
      significantly higher (31.7%) than that of the controls (p < or = 0.0006).
      Sephadex-elicited macrophages exhibited 14.4% increased phagocytosis over
      controls when treated with 80 microg HMB (p < or = 0.0016). When MQ-NCSU
      macrophages were exposed to HMB, Fc-receptor expression was significantly
      elevated over the controls (p < or = 0.0001). These data demonstrate that HMB
      exposure induces proliferation of macrophages in culture as well as enhances
      macrophage effector functions, such as nitrite production and phagocytosis. The
      findings of these studies imply that HMB can be used as a possible dietary
      immunomodulator.

PMID- 9950356
TI  - Optimum conditions for in vitro chicken IL-2 production and its in vivo role in
      Newcastle disease vaccinated chickens.
AB  - Optimum conditions for in vitro chicken interleukin-2 (IL-2) production were
      studied. IL-2 containing culture supernatants were generated by mitogen
      stimulation of splenic mononuclear cells (SMC) and the samples were tested on 72
      h Concanavalin A (ConA) blasts for their proliferative ability. 3H-thymidine
      incorporation was used as a measurement of proliferation. Higher stimulation
      indices and thus maximal IL-2 production were obtained with the following culture
      conditions: 5 x 10(6) cells ml(-1) cultured for 24 h in the presence of 10 microg
      ml(-1) ConA in serum free Iscove's modified Dulbecco medium. The molecule
      responsible for IL-2 activity was found to have a molecular weight of 14000 as
      estimated by size exclusion chromatography. SMC obtained from chickens inoculated
      with Newcastle disease virus were used to study the immunomodulatory role of IL
      2. The lymphocyte transformation test was used as an in vitro correlate of cell
      mediated immunity in these chickens. The mitogen responses of cells obtained from
      virus inoculated and control chickens were similar on the basis of stimulation
      indices. Antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation was demonstrated using SMC
      obtained from virus inoculated chickens. Uptake of exogenous IL-2 by 72 h ConA
      blasts was of similar magnitude in both virus inoculated and control chickens
      indicating that uptake of IL-2 by T lymphocytes was normal in Newcastle disease
      virus inoculated chickens.

PMID- 9950357
TI  - Parasite infection and Japanese cedar pollinosis in monkeys.
AB  - To evaluate the relationship between helminthic parasite infection and
      sensitization to Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica; CJ) pollen allergens in
      Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata), we examined the parasite infection, presence
      of anti-pollen allergen IgE and development of pollinosis. Serum samples and
      fecal specimens were taken from 169 monkeys in five troops, and the presence of
      IgE antibody for CJ pollen allergen and of helminthic parasite eggs in their
      feces was examined. Of the 169 monkeys, helminthic parasite eggs from 138 monkeys
      were detected. The frequency of anti-CJ IgE (19%) and the level of total IgE did
      not differ significantly between the monkeys with and without parasite eggs. We
      examined the presence of anti-CJ IgE and pollinosis symptoms in 31 monkeys of a
      troop; six of the monkeys demonstrated anti-CJ IgE and pollinosis symptoms. Five
      of these six monkeys had parasite eggs. We found that the monkeys that
      demonstrated anti-CJ IgE and pollinosis symptoms had helminthic parasite
      infections. These data suggest that helminthic parasite infection does not reduce
      the development of clinical signs of CJ pollinosis in Japanese monkeys.

PMID- 9950359
TI  - Sex related expressivity of the phenotype in coronal craniosynostosis caused by
      the recurrent P250R FGFR3 mutation.
AB  - A recurrent point mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3)
      gene that converts proline 250 into arginine is commonly associated with coronal
      craniosynostosis and has allowed definition of a new syndrome on a molecular
      basis. Sixty-two patients with sporadic or familial forms of coronal
      craniosynostosis were investigated for the P250R FGFR3 mutation. It was
      identified in 20 probands originating from 27 unrelated families (74%), while
      only 6/35 sporadic cases (17%) harboured the mutation. In both familial and
      sporadic cases, females were significantly more severely affected than males.
      Hence, while 68% of females carrying the P250R mutation showed brachycephaly,
      only 35% of males had the same phenotype. In the most severe forms of the
      disease, the association of bicoronal craniosynostosis with hypertelorism and
      marked bulging of the temporal fossae were common hallmarks that might be helpful
      for clinical diagnosis. Taken together, these results indicate that the P250R
      FGFR3 mutation is mostly familial and is associated with a more severe phenotype
      in females than in males. The sex related severity of the condition points to the
      possible implication of modifier genes in this syndrome.

PMID- 9950360
TI  - Molecular analysis of the APC gene in 205 families: extended genotype-phenotype
      correlations in FAP and evidence for the role of APC amino acid changes in
      colorectal cancer predisposition.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: The development of colorectal cancer and a variable range of
      extracolonic manifestations in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is the result
      of the dominant inheritance of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutations.
      In this study, direct mutation analysis of the APC gene was performed to
      determine genotype-phenotype correlations for nine extracolonic manifestations
      and to investigate the incidence of APC mutations in non-FAP colorectal cancer.
      METHODS: The APC gene was analysed in 190 unrelated FAP and 15 non-FAP colorectal
      cancer patients using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, the protein
      truncation test, and direct sequencing. RESULTS: Chain terminating signals were
      only identified in patients belonging to the FAP group (105 patients). Amino acid
      changes were identified in four patients, three of whom belonged to the non-FAP
      group of colorectal cancer patients. Genotype-phenotype correlations identified
      significant differences in the nature of certain extracolonic manifestations in
      FAP patients belonging to three mutation subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Extended
      genotype-phenotype correlations made in this study may have the potential to
      determine the most appropriate surveillance and prophylactic treatment regimens
      for those patients with mutations associated with life threatening conditions.
      This study also provided evidence for the pathological nature of amino acid
      changes in APC associated with both FAP and non-FAP colorectal cancer patients.

PMID- 9950358
TI  - Spinal muscular atrophy: untangling the knot?
AB  - Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group
      of neuromuscular diseases, is a disorder of motor neurones characterised by
      degeneration of spinal cord anterior horn cells and muscular atrophy. SMA is an
      autosomal recessive disorder with a carrier frequency of about 1150. Three
      candidate genes, the survival motor neurone (SMN) gene, the neuronal inhibitory
      protein (NAIP) gene, and the p44 (subunit of basal transcription factor TFIIH)
      gene, have been considered as genes involved in this condition. The region
      spanning these genes has a complex organisation including duplications,
      repetitive sequences, truncated genes, and pseudogenes, which makes molecular
      analysis of this condition difficult. Although deletions have been found in the
      majority of SMA patients, a few microrearrangements (like duplications, missense
      mutations, microdeletions, and gene conversions) localised in the telomeric form
      of the SMN gene have also been reported. The function of the protein encoded by
      the SMN gene is still not fully understood but recent studies have indicated that
      it is found intracellularly in gems, novel nuclear structures. Its interaction
      with other proteins suggests a role in mRNA processing and metabolism. Whether
      the NAIP gene protein and other apoptosis associated proteins are directly
      involved in the initial stages of neurone degeneration and apoptosis, or acting
      downstream on the pathological pathway, has been difficult to determine. Further
      studies will be required to elucidate possible functional interactions between
      these proteins.

PMID- 9950361
TI  - Molecular basis of iduronate-2-sulphatase gene mutations in patients with
      mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome).
AB  - Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome) is an X linked lysosomal storage
      disorder resulting from heterogeneous mutations in the iduronate-2-sulphatase
      (IDS) gene. To detect IDS gene mutations, direct sequencing of IDS cDNA fragments
      coupled with assays on IDS genomic amplicons was applied to 18 unrelated patients
      with MPS II. Seventeen mutations were detected from the 18 patients including
      seven missense mutations (S71R, A82E, A85T, R88C, R468W, R468Q, and E521V), five
      deletions (alphaR95, 383delAT, 596delAACA, 1148delC, and 1216delCT), two
      insertions (208insC and 1063insA), two splicing mutations (1006+5g-->c in intron
      7, 1122C-->T in exon 8), and an intragenic deletion of IDS exons 4, 5, 6, and 7.
      Nine of the small mutations were novel mutations. Mutation 596del-AACA was
      detected in two unrelated patients. The mutation in intron 7 was found to cause
      aberrant splicing and resulted in a 22 bp insertion into its mRNA transcript. The
      intragenic deleted IDS gene expressed two aberrant mRNA transcripts consisting of
      exons 1-2-8-9 and 3-8-9. Analysis of mutations A85T, R88C, R468Q, R468W, and
      438C/T found no polymorphism for the four missense mutations but about 36%
      heterozygosity for the 438C/T silent mutation. These results provide further
      evidence of mutational heterogeneity for MPS II. Also, underlying sequence
      directed mutagenesis mechanisms for some recurrent mutations in the IDS gene were
      proposed.

PMID- 9950362
TI  - Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (Sanfilippo B): identification of 18 novel alpha
      N-acetylglucosaminidase gene mutations.
AB  - Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPS IIIB or Sanfilippo B disease) is an
      autosomal recessive storage disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme
      a-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Mutation screening was performed on a group of 22
      patients using a combination of SSCP/heteroduplex analysis of amplified genomic
      fragments and direct sequencing of cDNA fragments. Twenty-one different mutations
      were identified, 18 of them novel. Together they account for 82% of the disease
      alleles. The mutation spectrum consists of two small insertions, two small
      deletions, three nonsense mutations, and 14 different missense mutations, one of
      them (M1L) affecting the initiation codon. The vast genetic heterogeneity seen in
      this disorder is reflected by the fact that only three of the mutations were
      identified in more than one patient.

PMID- 9950363
TI  - Clinical and genetic studies on 12 preaxial polydactyly families and refinement
      of the localisation of the gene responsible to a 1.9 cM region on chromosome
      7q36.
AB  - Polydactyly is the most frequently observed congenital hand malformation with a
      prevalence between 5 and 19 per 10000 live births. It can occur as an isolated
      disorder, in association with other hand/foot malformations, or as a part of a
      syndrome, and is usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. According to
      its anatomical location, polydactyly can be generally subdivided into pre- and
      postaxial forms. Recently, a gene responsible for preaxial polydactyly types II
      and III, as well as complex polysyndactyly, has been localised to chromosome
      7q36. In order to facilitate the search for the underlying genetic defect, we
      ascertained 12 additional families of different ethnic origin affected with
      preaxial polydactyly. Eleven of the kindreds investigated could be linked to
      chromosome 7q36, enabling us to refine the critical region for the preaxial
      polydactyly gene to a region of 1.9 cM. Our findings also indicate that radial
      and tibial dysplasia/aplasia can be associated with preaxial polydactyly on
      chromosome 7q36. Combining our results with other studies suggests that all non
      syndromic preaxial polydactylies associated with triphalangism of the thumb are
      caused by a single genetic locus, but that there is genetic heterogeneity for
      preaxial polydactyly associated with duplications of biphalangeal thumbs.
      Comparison of the phenotypic and genetic findings of different forms of preaxial
      polydactyly is an important step in analysing and understanding the aetiology and
      pathogenesis of these limb malformations.

PMID- 9950364
TI  - Cystic fibrosis carrier frequencies in populations of African origin.
AB  - Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common autosomal recessive disorder in populations of
      European descent. However, very little is known about CF in populations of
      African origin among whom it has been believed to be extremely rare. The aim of
      this study was to determine if this is the case or whether it is under-reported.
      A CFTR mutation, 3120+1G-->A, which was first reported in three African-American
      CF patients, has been shown to account for 9-14% of African-American CF
      chromosomes. It has also been found in 4/6 CF chromosomes in South African blacks
      and one CF chromosome of Cameroonian origin. In order to determine the carrier
      frequency of the 3120+1G-->A mutation in Africa, 1360 unrelated, healthy subjects
      were screened. Nine carriers were identified. In addition, two out of five black
      CF patients with positive sweat tests were found to be heterozygous for the
      3120+1G-->A mutation and two out of another four black patients with symptoms
      suggestive of CF, but unconfirmed by sweat tests, were heterozygous for the
      D1270N mutation. A further three CFTR mutations, A559T, S1255X, and 444delA,
      which had been found in African-American CF patients, were not identified in the
      patients or in over 373 healthy subjects tested. The 3120+1G-->A mutation has a
      carrier frequency of 1 in 91 (8/728) in South African blacks with a 95%
      confidence interval of 1 in 46 to 1 in 197. Since this mutation accounts for
      between 15% and 65% of CF chromosomes in South African blacks, a corrected CF
      carrier frequency would be between 1 in 14 and 1 in 59. Hence, the incidence of
      CF would be predicted to be between 1 in 784 and 1 in 13924 births in this
      population. There are several possible reasons why these people are not being
      detected. Some of these are misdiagnosis as chronic pulmonary infection,
      malnutrition, tuberculosis, infantile diarrhoea, failure to thrive, or a high
      infant mortality rate.

PMID- 9950366
TI  - Sotos syndrome and cutis laxa.
AB  - Characteristics suggestive of connective tissue dysfunction have been described
      in Sotos syndrome and include joint hyperextensibility, pes planus, and a high
      arched palate. A variety of cutis laxa syndromes have also been described, some
      of them exhibiting mental retardation, but no reports have drawn an association
      with overgrowth or abnormal facies characteristic of Sotos syndrome. We report
      three patients with the anthropometric and dysmorphological appearance of
      classical Sotos syndrome in association with redundant skin folds, joint
      hypermobility, and, in two of the three, vesicoureteric reflux suggestive of a
      coexisting connective tissue disorder. All of the patients had a normal bone age
      suggesting that Sotos syndrome in its classically described form was not present
      and that this entity possibly reflects a related, perhaps allelic, condition.

PMID- 9950365
TI  - Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for couples at high risk of Down syndrome
      pregnancy owing to parental translocation or mosaicism.
AB  - The population risk for trisomy 21 is 1 in 700 births but some couples are at a
      much higher risk owing to parental translocation or mosaicism. We report on the
      first attempt to carry out preimplantation genetic diagnosis for two such couples
      using cleavage stage embryo biopsy and dual colour FISH analysis. Each couple
      underwent two treatment cycles. Couple 1 (suspected gonadal mosaicism for trisomy
      21) had two embryos normal for chromosome 21 transferred, but no pregnancy
      resulted; 64% (7/11) unfertilised oocytes/embryos showed chromosome 21
      aneuploidy. Couple 2 (46,XX,t(6;21)(q13;q22.3)) had a single embryo transferred
      resulting in a biochemical pregnancy; 91% (10/11) oocytes/embryos showed
      chromosome 21 imbalance, most resulting from 3:1 segregation of this
      translocation at gametogenesis. The opportunity to test embryos before
      implantation enables the outcome of female meiosis to be studied for the first
      time and the recurrence risk for a Down syndrome pregnancy to be assessed.

PMID- 9950367
TI  - A small interstitial deletion in the GPC3 gene causes Simpson-Golabi-Behmel
      syndrome in a Dutch-Canadian family.
AB  - Deletions in the heparan sulphate proteoglycan encoding glypican 3 (GPC3) gene
      have recently been documented in several Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS)
      families. However, no precisely defined SGBS mutation has been published. We
      report here a 13 base pair deletion which causes a frameshift and premature
      termination of the GPC3 gene in the Dutch-Canadian SGBS family in whom the trait
      was originally mapped. Our analysis shows that a discrete GPC3 disabling mutation
      is sufficient to cause SGBS. Furthermore, our finding of a GPC3 normal daughter
      of an SGBS carrier with skeletal abnormalities and Wilms tumour raises the
      possibility of a trans effect from the maternal carrier in SGBS kindreds.

PMID- 9950368
TI  - Myotonic dystrophy: the correlation of (CTG) repeat length in leucocytes with age
      at onset is significant only for patients with small expansions.
AB  - Myotonic dystrophy (DM) was the first of a group of diseases to be identified for
      which the genetic basis is the expansion of a triplet repeat. Myotonic dystrophy
      also exhibits anticipation, in which the disease worsens through successive
      generations. These two features have led many groups to analyse whether a
      significant negative correlation between triplet repeat length and severity of
      disease exists. However, the recent molecular finding that two distinct subsets
      of classically affected DM patients exist, those who export expansion derived
      DMPK RNA and those who do not, led us to question whether combining data from
      these two sets of patients is statistically valid. We found that although
      patients with small expansions showed a significant correlation between age at
      onset and triplet repeat length, those with larger expansions did not. The
      theoretical triplet repeat size, which separated the two groups, was also
      deduced.

PMID- 9950369
TI  - Unstable expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in MAB21L1: report of a second
      pedigree and effect on protein expression.
AB  - MAB21L1, originally termed CAGR1, is the human homologue of the C. elegans cell
      fate determining gene mab21. MAB21L1, mapped to 13q13, contains a highly
      polymorphic 5' untranslated CAG repeat that normally ranges from six to 31
      triplets in length. A pedigree has been previously reported in which the repeat
      length is expanded to 45-50 triplets and is transmitted unstably between
      generations; the expansion did not correlate to a clinical phenotype but did
      exhibit somatic mosaicism. We now report a second pedigree with an expanded and
      unstably transmitted MAB21L1 CAG repeat of similar length. The expansion is not
      clearly associated with a clinical phenotype, though the complexity of the
      pedigree renders any conclusion concerning phenotype-genotype relationships
      speculative. The expansion did not result in decreased expression of MAB21L1
      protein. The length, C-G rich composition, somatic mosaicism, and unstable
      transmission of the expanded CAG repeat in MAB21L1 resemble the premutations
      observed in other genes, such as FMR1 and MDPK, in which longer expanded repeats
      are associated with a clinical phenotype. This raises the possibility that longer
      expansions in the MAB21L1 repeat may also be associated with a clinical
      phenotype.

PMID- 9950370
TI  - Familial adenomatous polyposis associated with multiple adrenal adenomas in a
      patient with a rare 3' APC mutation.
AB  - Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is characterised by hundreds of colorectal
      adenomas. Endocrine neoplasms have occasionally been reported, as have gastric
      polyps, which are usually hamartomatous in the fundus of the stomach and
      adenomatous in the antrum. A 57 year old man with colorectal, gastric, and
      periampullary adenomatous polyposis, in association with three bilateral
      adrenocortical adenomas, is presented. Mutation screening showed a 5960delA
      germline mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene predicted to lead
      to a premature stop codon. This mutation was found in three of the four children
      of the patient. Western blot analysis of a lymphoblastoid cell line derived from
      the patient failed to detect any truncated APC polypeptide. This rare 3' mutation
      is responsible for an unusually complex and late onset phenotype of FAP.

PMID- 9950371
TI  - High prevalence of the C634Y mutation in the RET proto-oncogene in MEN 2A
      families in Spain.
AB  - The RET proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in neural
      crest derived tissues. Germline mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are
      responsible for three different dominantly inherited cancer syndromes: multiple
      endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A), type 2B (MEN 2B), and familial medullary
      thyroid carcinoma (FMTC). MTC can also occur sporadically. Molecular
      characterisation of the RET proto-oncogene has been performed by PCR-SSCP
      analysis, direct DNA sequencing, and restriction enzyme analysis in 49 unrelated,
      Spanish, MEN 2 families: 30 MEN 2A families, six FMTC families, and 13 families
      classified as "other". Germline missense mutations in one of six cysteine codons
      (609, 611, 618, and 620 in exon 10, and codons 630 and 634 in exon 11), which
      encode part of the extracellular cysteine rich domain of RET, have been detected
      in the majority of these families: 100% of MEN 2A families, 67% of FMTC families,
      and 54% of families classified as "other". No RET mutations in exons 10, 11, 13,
      14, 15, or 16 were detected in the remaining families. The most frequent RET
      mutation in MEN 2A Spanish families is C634Y, occurring in 73% of cases.
      Haplotype analysis does not exclude the possibility of founder effects in Spanish
      MEN 2A families with the C634Y mutation.

PMID- 9950372
TI  - De novo 10q22 interstitial deletion.
AB  - We describe a 4 month old male with a de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome
      10q22. His clinical features included growth deficiency, developmental delay,
      ocular hypertelorism, posteriorly rotated ears, retrognathia, and fifth finger
      clinodactyly. He later developed dental lamina cysts of the alveolar ridge. To
      our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an interstitial deletion of
      10q22.

PMID- 9950373
TI  - Duplication of segment 1p21 following paternal insertional translocation,
      ins(6;1)(q25;p13.3p22.1).
AB  - A moderately mentally retarded 3 year old boy showed minor anomalies including a
      prominent forehead and flat occiput, exophthalmos, large and prominent ears, high
      arched palate, umbilical hernia, sacral dimple, and irregular position of the
      toes. Cardiac sonography disclosed a chorda running through the left ventricle.
      Cytogenetic investigation of the family showed a balanced insertional
      translocation of segment 1p13-->p22 into distal 6q in the father which had led,
      through unbalanced segregation, to duplication of 1p13.3-->p22.1 in the proband.
      Familial duplication of such a small interstitial segment of 1p has not been
      reported previously, and the paucity of abnormal physical findings in the proband
      compared to previous patients with a similar aberration is remarkable.

PMID- 9950374
TI  - Molecular and cytogenetic characterisation of an unusual case of partial
      trisomy/partial monosomy 13 mosaicism:
      46,XX,r(13)(p11q14)/46,XX,der(13)t(13;13)(q10;q14).
AB  - A female infant with multiple malformations and mental retardation was noted to
      have a rare de novo chromosome abnormality involving mosaicism with two cell
      lines, one with a ring chromosome 13, and the other with partial trisomy 13 owing
      to a complex rearrangement. Cytogenetic examination excluded the presence of a
      t(13q;13q) cell line and showed a cell line with a marker chromosome containing
      two chromosome 13 long arms joined together after deletion of a part (q11-->q14)
      of one of them. In addition, the absence of a cell line with two normal
      chromosomes 13 or a cell line with a t(13q;13q) implies that the ring (13) and
      the marker (13) arose from a single event at the first cleavage division. The two
      cell lines were present in different proportions in both peripheral blood
      lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts. The results of microsatellite characterisation
      clearly indicate the paternal origin and the absence of recombination, supporting
      the postzygotic origin of both the ring and the marker chromosome.

PMID- 9950375
TI  - Anomalous right pulmonary artery origins in association with the fetal valproate
      syndrome.
AB  - Two cases are reported of fetal valproate syndrome in association with anomalous
      right pulmonary artery origin. Both diagnoses were confirmed following cardiac
      catheterisation as echocardiography alone was inadequate to define the anatomy.
      Anomalous right pulmonary artery origin is extremely rare making a chance
      association with fetal valproate syndrome very unlikely. We recommend that
      anomalous pulmonary artery origin is borne in mind in patients with valproate
      syndrome undergoing cardiac assessment, particularly as this may be a difficult
      diagnosis to make on echocardiography.

PMID- 9950376
TI  - Frequency of mutations for glycogen storage disease type II in different
      populations: the delta525T and deltaexon 18 mutations are not generally "common"
      in white populations.

PMID- 9950377
TI  - Infant methionine synthase variants and risk for spina bifida.

PMID- 9950378
TI  - Intravenous saline has no effect on blood ethanol clearance.
AB  - For patients presenting to emergency departments with ethanol intoxication,
      intravenous (i.v.) fluids are initiated for varied reasons. This investigation
      determined the effect of i.v. fluid therapy on the rate of blood ethanol
      clearance in such patients. Volunteers received a predetermined dose of ethanol
      on two separate occasions. On the second occasion, volunteers rapidly received a
      liter of i.v. saline directly following ethanol ingestion. At intervals on both
      occasions, blood ethanol levels were estimated using a breath analyzer. Using
      linear regression analysis, no difference was found in rates of alcohol clearance
      with or without i.v. fluid intervention. The common rate of clearance between
      both groups was 15 mg/dL/h (95% CI 12 to 18). We conclude that i.v. fluid therapy
      does not accelerate ethanol clearance in intoxicated patients. While such therapy
      may be justified for other reasons, practitioners are cautioned against
      initiating fluids in such patients solely to expedite ethanol elimination.

PMID- 9950379
TI  - Residency-trained emergency physicians: their demographics, practice evolution,
      and attrition from emergency medicine.
AB  - Concern exists about the ability of Emergency Physicians (EPs) to maintain a
      career in Emergency Medicine (EM) over a professional lifetime. The objectives of
      this study were to assess the practice characteristics of residency trained EPs,
      to document how the EP's responsibilities evolve throughout a career, and to
      assess career longevity. A retrospective cohort study using a mailed
      questionnaire was used to document practice characteristics, evolution of
      responsibility, and career longevity from all physicians who graduated from
      allopathic EM residencies between 1978-1988 (inclusive). Non-responders were
      compared to responders to assess the extent of selection bias. The response rate
      was 58.1% (1635/2812). There were no differences between responders and non
      responders on any of five demographic variables. Responders who were more likely
      to remain in EM included those who had higher reimbursement, were board certified
      in EM, or did not train in another specialty or do a fellowship outside of EM.
      Throughout the 15-year careers studied, EPs noted a significant shift in the time
      spent doing clinical work (decreased) and the time doing administrative work
      (increase). The attrition from EM practice for this cohort was < 1% per year.

PMID- 9950380
TI  - Cricothyrotomy technique: standard versus the Rapid Four-Step Technique.
AB  - Standard cricothyrotomy technique uses a tracheal hook cephalad to the opening to
      stabilize the trachea during endotracheal (ET) tube passage. A newly described
      Rapid Four-Step Technique (RFST) uses the tracheal hook caudal to the opening to
      stabilize the trachea during ET tube passage. This experimental crossover trial
      compared standard cephalad tracheal hook traction to caudad traction as
      recommended by RFST in a cadaver model of cricothyrotomy. Outcome measures
      included the incidence of complications and the size of ET tube able to be passed
      with each technique. The anterior necks of 30 formalin-fixed cadavers were
      dissected to completely reveal the cricothyroid membranes and surrounding
      structures. Two emergency medicine residents performed all cricothyrotomies. Each
      cadaver was randomly assigned to undergo either standard open technique followed
      by RFST, or RFST followed by standard open technique. Standard open technique was
      performed using a #11 scalpel blade, a Trousseau dilator for widening the
      opening, and a tracheal hook held cephalad through the thyroid cartilage. RFST
      was performed using a #11 scalpel blade and a tracheal hook held caudad through
      the cricoid cartilage. Cuffed ET tubes without stylettes were passed in
      progressively larger sizes until significant resistance was met as determined
      independently by two physicians. The size of the largest ET tube passed for each
      technique was recorded. After each attempt the trachea was inspected for evidence
      of structural damage and the balloon cuff was checked to assess for cuff rupture.
      There were no complications with standard technique; five cadavers (16.7%) had
      complications with RFST including one (3.3 %) with balloon cuff rupture and four
      (13.3 %) with cricoid cartilage fractures. Tracheal damage prevented standard
      technique performance on three of the cadavers. There was no significant
      difference between maximal ET tube sizes for standard technique (median size 7.0,
      mean 6.95 mm internal diameter) versus RFST (median size 7.0, mean 6.82 mm
      internal diameter). We conclude that RFST may be associated with a higher
      incidence of complications than standard technique as demonstrated by our cadaver
      model of cricothyrotomy. We were unable to demonstrate a difference between the
      two techniques with regards to size of ET tube able to be passed.

PMID- 9950381
TI  - Retrospective denial of emergency department payments is inappropriate.
AB  - Third-party payers typically use patients' discharge diagnoses to determine
      "appropriate" Emergency Department (ED) usage. This analysis compared the
      resource intensity involved in ED evaluation for "inappropriate" and all other ED
      visits. In this retrospective database review, 11 discharge diagnoses (DX11)
      (chronic nasopharyngitis; chronic sinusitis; chronic pharyngitis; rhinitis;
      constipation; head cold; hemorrhoids; toothache; flu; headache; and tension
      headache) were identified by a third party payor as being "inappropriate" for ED
      evaluation. The chief complaints of all patients seen in 1994 and 1995 with one
      of the DX11 were identified along with their E & M billing level, ED length of
      stay (LOS), and the frequency of consultation. In this urban, university trauma
      center, 1994 and 1995 visits totaled 120,402. Eighty-two different chief
      complaints were associated with a final diagnosis of DX11; 79% of all ED patients
      presented with one of the chief complaints (AllCC). Four percent of patients with
      DX11 were admitted, and the AllCC group had comparable resource utilization to
      the entire ED population. Patients' presenting complaints are incapable of
      predicting diagnosis or disposition. Retrospective denial of payment by discharge
      diagnosis is inappropriate.

PMID- 9950383
TI  - Rectal "oven mitt": the importance of considering a serious underlying injury.
AB  - A 20-year-old man presented with a rectal "oven mitt," which was removed
      transanally. Rigid proctosigmoidoscopy revealed no apparent perforation, but
      subsequent contrast enema using meglumine diatrizoate demonstrated an
      extraperitoneal rectal perforation, which was probably caused by a wooden stick
      used to forcefully introduce the glove through the patient's anus. Thus, rectal
      injuries may be caused not by the foreign object itself, but by another object
      used as an introducer.

PMID- 9950382
TI  - Ehrlichiosis.
AB  - A case of human ehrlichiosis is presented. This case review emphasizes the need
      for a thorough history and physical examination in all patients who present with
      relatively non-specific complaints such as headaches, chills, myalgias, and
      arthralgias. These complaints should elicit the question of recent tick exposure
      from the clinician, particularly if the area is endemic for various rickettsial
      diseases. Laboratory findings such as leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased
      hepatic enzymes should strongly suggest the disease.

PMID- 9950384
TI  - Inaccuracy in endotracheal tube verification using a Toomey syringe.
AB  - The Toomey syringe and other esophageal detection devices have been shown to be
      highly sensitive and specific for indicating whether an endotracheal (ET) tube is
      in the esophagus or the trachea. Many prehospital systems use the Toomey syringe
      method as the major determinant in deciding whether or not to remove an ET tube
      after an intubation attempt. We present three cases in which various pulmonary
      pathologies led to false positive results; that is, Toomey syringe aspiration
      indicated esophageal placement when the tube was correctly positioned in the
      trachea. A literature review follows the case reports.

PMID- 9950385
TI  - Vocal cord dysfunction mimicking a severe asthma attack.
AB  - Vocal cord dysfunction is a rare type of airway obstruction that may mimic an
      acute asthma attack. We present a case of a patient who arrived in the Emergency
      Department (ED) in acute respiratory distress, with a history of severe asthma
      requiring previous intubation, who was diagnosed with vocal cord dysfunction by
      bronchoscopy in the ED.

PMID- 9950387
TI  - Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in a Jamaican male.
AB  - Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a rare endocrine disorder most prevalent among
      individuals of Asian descent that presents as proximal muscle weakness,
      hypokalemia, and signs of hyperthyroidism. We present the case report of a
      patient with previously undiagnosed hyperthyroidism, protracted muscle weakness
      with transient exacerbations, and nocturnal onset of periodic paralysis affecting
      the upper and lower limbs.

PMID- 9950386
TI  - Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: a case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Hypokalemic periodic paralysis occurring in thyrotoxicosis is rare in Caucasians
      and is not often highlighted as an endocrine emergency. Periodic paralysis,
      without familial background, manifests only in the thyrotoxic patient. Thyrotoxic
      periodic paralysis is a self-limiting disorder that is cured by the treatment of
      the underlying hyperthyroidism. We report an unusual case of acute onset weakness
      from thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in a young Chinese migrant who had a normal
      serum potassium level at the time of initial presentation, though on subsequent
      presentation one week later, he had the typically associated hypokalemia. We also
      review the literature on thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.

PMID- 9950388
TI  - Hypnosis for pediatric fracture reduction.
AB  - Hypnosis can diminish pain and anxiety for many emergency patients during
      examinations and procedures. While hypnosis has been used for millennia and was
      demonstrated to be of use in clinical medicine more than a century ago, modern
      physicians have been reluctant to adopt this technique in clinical practice. This
      article describes four children with angulated forearm fractures who had no
      possible access to other forms of analgesia during reduction, and in whom
      hypnosis was used successfully. A simple method for hypnotic induction is
      described.

PMID- 9950389
TI  - Severe metabolic alkalosis due to baking soda ingestion: case reports of two
      patients with unsuspected antacid overdose.
AB  - Oral ingestion of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) has been used for decades as a
      home remedy for acid indigestion. Excessive bicarbonate ingestion places patients
      at risk for a variety of metabolic derangements including metabolic alkalosis,
      hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and even hypoxia. The clinical presentation is highly
      variable but can include seizures, dysrhythmias, and cardiopulmonary arrest. We
      present two cases of severe metabolic alkalosis in patients with unsuspected
      antacid overdose. The presentation and pathophysiology of antacid-related
      metabolic alkalosis is reviewed.

PMID- 9950390
TI  - Soft tissue injection of hydrocarbons: a case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Hydrocarbon injection, while commonly seen in domestic accidents or attempted
      suicide, is not extensively addressed in the literature. This article comprises a
      review of the various complications of intravascular and soft tissue injection of
      petroleum distillates, and provides recommendations for patient management. An
      illustrative case involving the subcutaneous injection of dripless oil, a mixture
      of mineral oil, nonionic detergents, and petroleum naphtha, is presented.

PMID- 9950391
TI  - The medical impact of tornadoes in North America.
AB  - North America suffers some of the most severe tornado disasters of any location
      on the planet. Significant injury and economic impact may result from these
      storms, particularly in rural areas. Tornadic storms present unique problems for
      prehospital and Emergency Department personnel. Soft tissue injuries seen after
      tornadoes are contaminated with polymicrobial flora and may require delayed
      primary closure. Fractures are a frequent cause of hospital admission and head
      injury is a frequent cause of death. Advanced warning and proper sheltering
      actions by a population are the most significant factors in reducing morbidity
      and mortality. This article reviews the pertinent literature on the medical
      impact of tornadoes and details the mechanisms of injury, nature of injuries, pre
      hospital and ED planning points associated with tornadic storms.

PMID- 9950393
TI  - Benign pneumoperitoneum associated with pneumomediastinum and
      pneumoretroperitoneum in ambulatory outpatients.
AB  - Perforation of a hollow viscus and other dangerous etiologies must always be
      considered in the evaluation of free peritoneal air. Pneumoperitoneum in the
      presence of pneumoretroperitoneum and pneumomediastinum, however, often results
      from air tracking from a pathologic source outside of the abdomen along the
      mesentery into the peritoneum. This syndrome is relatively benign, and should be
      considered when there are multiple sites of extraluminal air in order to minimize
      the risk of unnecessary exploratory laparotomy. Two cases of benign
      pneumoperitoneum associated with pneumomediastinum and pneumoretroperitoneum are
      presented.

PMID- 9950392
TI  - Evaluation of CK-MB isoform analysis for early diagnosis of myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Measurement of CK-MB and its isoforms by high-voltage electrophoresis has been
      proposed as a sensitive test for early detection of myocardial infarction (MI).
      We performed a prospective study of this test in 231 patients presenting to the
      Emergency Department with symptoms consistent with ischemic chest pain. Blood
      specimens were obtained at 0, 1, and 3 h following presentation, and plasma was
      immediately frozen and analyzed within 1 week by high-voltage electrophoresis for
      total CK-MB and isoforms. The test was considered positive whenever total CK-MB
      was elevated (>6 U/L) or the cardiac isoform MB2 was relatively increased (MB2 >
      2 U/L and MB2/MB1 > 1.7). This test had a sensitivity of 68% overall and 55% for
      specimens collected within 3 h of symptom onset. It was positive within 3 h of
      presentation in 36/39 (92%) of patients with confirmed MI. Specificity was 92%
      overall and did not vary with time after symptoms. The CK-MB alone, at the cutoff
      of 6 U/L, had lower sensitivity overall (56%; p = 0.01) and within 3 h of onset
      (39%; p = 0.03), and higher specificity overall (98%; p < 0.001). Lowering the
      cutoff for CK-MB alone to match the sensitivity of the isoform test caused a
      greater loss of specificity. It is concluded that analysis of CK-MB by high
      voltage electrophoresis is an effective method for rapid diagnosis of MI, with
      the isoform analysis enhancing early sensitivity.

PMID- 9950394
TI  - Carbon monoxide poisoning: a review for clinicians.
AB  - Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning continues to be a significant health problem both
      in the United States and in many other countries. CO poisoning is associated with
      a high incidence of severe morbidity and mortality. Epidemics of CO poisoning
      commonly occur during winter months and sources include: smoke from fires, fumes
      from heating systems burning fuels, and exhaust fumes from motor vehicles. The
      history of exposure and carboxyhemoglobin levels should alert the physician to
      this diagnosis. In the absence of exposure history, CO poisoning should be
      considered when two or more patients are simultaneously sick. The clinical
      presentation is non-specific and may range from nausea and headache to profound
      central nervous system dysfunction. The mainstay of therapy for CO poisoning is
      supplemental oxygen, ventilatory support, and monitoring for cardiac
      dysrhythmias. This article reviews up-to-date information of this potentially
      devastating exposure.

PMID- 9950395
TI  - Creatine kinase and its CK-MB isoenzyme: the conventional marker for the
      diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Biochemical markers are commonly used for detection, diagnosis, and management of
      various diseases. Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme found in most tissues, and is
      the best known marker for the identification of acute myocardial infarction
      (AMI). We review the most common techniques used to quantify creatine kinase and
      its cardiac specific fraction, CK-MB. Electrophoresis, immunoinhibition,
      monoclonal immunoassay, and CK-MB isoform assays are considered for efficacy,
      sensitivity and specificity, and timeliness in the setting of acute non-traumatic
      chest pain. Limitations of the various techniques for identifying AMI are
      identified. Current recommendations for CK-MB panels, including combinations with
      other cardiac markers, are included.

PMID- 9950396
TI  - The differential diagnosis of shock.

PMID- 9950397
TI  - Nonaccidental trauma.

PMID- 9950398
TI  - Atlantoaxial dislocation.

PMID- 9950399
TI  - Emergency medicine as a martial art.

PMID- 9950400
TI  - Is thyrotoxic periodic paralysis a "channelopathy"?

PMID- 9950401
TI  - Piriform sinus perforation during esophageal-tracheal combitube placement.

PMID- 9950402
TI  - Evaluating applicants to emergency medicine residency programs.
AB  - This article reviews the pertinent literature related to the selection process of
      medical students to emergency medicine residency programs. The impact that
      academic performance in medical school, the interview, letters of recommendation,
      and other achievements have on the performance of the future resident are
      reviewed. All articles identified by an English language MEDLINE search were
      reviewed by the authors as to significance to the subject. Review of relevant
      literature indicates that no precise correlation can be made between performance
      in medical school and achievements during the residency, although there seems to
      be a correlation between academic performance in medical school and similar
      performance on board certification examinations.

PMID- 9950403
TI  - H is for headache.

PMID- 9950404
TI  - Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians Guidelines for the acute management
      of migraine headache.
AB  - The aim of this article is to provide an evidence-based guideline on the
      management of acute migraine headaches in the Emergency Department setting. After
      a Medline search that covered 1965 to the present, all randomized controlled
      trials were reviewed. Recommendations as to the efficacy of abortive anti
      migraine medications were based on the Canadian Medical Association's Guideline
      for Guidelines. Classes of medications that are discussed include: dopamine
      antagonists, serotonin agonists, opioids, local anesthetics, non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory agents, and steroids. The recommendations are limited to discussing
      the efficacy of specific medications, adverse effects to be expected, as well as
      associated headache rates after discharge. Specific recommendations as to which
      medication might offer a superior treatment have not been proposed due to lack of
      proper comparative trials as well as lack of information on headache and quality
      of life after discharge from the Emergency Department.

PMID- 9950405
TI  - Procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department. Canadian Consensus
      Guidelines.
AB  - Procedural sedation and analgesia are core skills in emergency medicine. Various
      specialty societies have developed guidelines for procedural sedation, each
      reflecting the perspective of the specialty group. Emergency practitioners are
      most likely to embrace guidelines developed by people who understand emergency
      department (ED) skills, procedures, conditions, and case mix. Recognizing this,
      the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) determined the need to
      establish guidelines for procedural sedation in the ED. In March, 1996, a
      national emergency medicine (EM) working committee, representing adult and
      pediatric emergency physicians, was established. This committee teleconferenced
      with representatives of the Canadian Anesthetic Society (CAS) to identify
      problems, perspectives, and controversial issues, and to define a process for
      guideline development. The EM committee subsequently reviewed existing
      literature, determined levels of evidence, and developed the document, which
      evolved based on feedback from the CAS and CAEP Standards Committees. The final
      version was approved by the CAEP Standards Committee and the CAEP Board of
      Directors, then submitted for peer review. These guidelines discuss the goals,
      definitions, and principles of ED sedation, and make recommendations for pre
      sedation preparation, patient fasting, physician skills, equipment and monitoring
      requirements, and post-sedation care. The guidelines are aimed at non
      anesthesiologists practicing part-time or full-time emergency medicine. They are
      applicable to ED patients receiving parenteral analgesia or sedation for painful
      or anxiety-provoking procedures. They are intended to increase the safety of
      procedural sedation in the ED.

PMID- 9950406
TI  - The health transition fund and the future of Canadian health care delivery.

PMID- 9950407
TI  - International Emergency Medicine Reference List.

PMID- 9950410
TI  - Secondarily infected wounds and dermatoses: a diagnosis and treatment guide.
AB  - Secondary bacterial skin infections are common complications of primary
      dermatoses, primary nonbacterial skin infections, traumatic lesions, ulcers,
      cutaneous infestations, and other miscellaneous skin diseases. Most diagnoses are
      based on information obtained by patient history and physical examination.
      Secondary bacterial skin infections may be polymicrobial, commonly include the
      pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, and require proper
      antibiotic treatment. The use of topical antibiotics avoids the risk of systemic
      allergic reactions or generalized side effects, and provides a high antibiotic
      concentration at the site of infection. Therefore, topical antibiotics should be
      considered as potential primary therapy in the emergency department. When
      systemic therapy is indicated, most commonly used agents for secondary skin
      infections are the penicillinase-resistant semi-synthetic penicillins; the first
      generation cephalosporins, the macrolides; and combination antibacterials, such
      as amoxicillin/ clavulanate potassium and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

PMID- 9950409
TI  - Targeting lurking pathogens in acute traumatic and chronic wounds.
AB  - The appropriate antimicrobial treatment for skin and soft tissue following acute
      trauma is determined by the mechanism of injury, time from injury to treatment,
      environmental wound contamination, pathogenicity of colonizing bacteria, and
      patient-specific issues. These factors can be used to predict the risk of
      secondary infection of wounds. Although common skin pathogens (such as
      Staphylococcus aureus and group A Streptococcus) cause most secondary wound
      infections, antibiotic therapy sometimes must be directed against unusual
      pathogens that are associated with atypical wounds, such as animal bites
      (amoxicillin with clavulanate for Pasteurella multocida) and plantar puncture
      wounds (ciprofloxacin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa). This customized treatment
      approach is also appropriate for chronic wounds, such as pressure and diabetic
      foot ulcers. In addition to antibiotic therapy, wound management may include
      surgical debridement. Active areas of investigation in wound management include
      the use of growth factors and hyperbaric oxygen.

PMID- 9950411
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus isolation from the lesions, the hands, and anterior nares
      of patients with atopic dermatitis.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus colonization is common in atopic dermatitis (AD) and can
      exacerbate the disease. Some patients with atopic dermatitis may act as a
      reservoir for S. aureus transmission to others. This study compared S. aureus
      colonization in atopic dermatitis patients and their caregivers with control
      patients and their caregivers. Quantitative cultures were obtained from the
      lesions, clinically normal skin, hands, and anterior nares of 100 patients with
      atopic dermatitis, 100 controls with other cutaneous disorders, and 200
      caregivers. The AD patients had significantly greater presence of S. aureus from
      lesional and clinically normal skin, as well as the hand. Significantly increased
      carriage of S. aureus was found in the anterior nares of caretakers of AD
      patients compared with control caretakers. Topical corticosteroid use did not
      affect recovery of S. aureus. There was a significant correlation between
      recovery of S. aureus from lesional skin and recovery from the anterior nares and
      hands. The nares and hands may be important reservoirs and vectors for
      autotransmission of S. aureus to lesional skin and for transmission to patients
      with AD.

PMID- 9950412
TI  - Opportunities for mupirocin calcium cream in the emergency department.
AB  - Mupirocin calcium cream is a newly reformulated topical antibiotic with a
      bactericidal spectrum specific for the pathogens that frequently cause secondary
      infections in superficial wounds. Both the calcium cream and ointment
      formulations have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of secondarily infected
      traumatic lesions and dermatoses, including eczema, burns, wounds, bites, and
      ulcers. Mupirocin has a low risk of systemic and topical complications. To date,
      antimicrobial resistance is rare among target pathogens. The use of mupirocin to
      treat secondary wound infection has a profile of high efficacy and does not
      impair the normal healing in traumatized skin.

PMID- 9950413
TI  - Towards the acceptance of embryo stem-cell therapies.

PMID- 9950414
TI  - Pig in the middle.

PMID- 9950415
TI  - Europe is urged to hold back on xenotransplant clinical trials.

PMID- 9950416
TI  - Sequence 'terrorist genes', says Venter.

PMID- 9950418
TI  - US life scientists seek 15 per cent rise to NIH research funds.

PMID- 9950417
TI  - Cancer body 'must do more for minorities'.

PMID- 9950419
TI  - UK gets the green light on modified crops.

PMID- 9950420
TI  - The odds of losing at genetic roulette.

PMID- 9950421
TI  - A new spin on handed asymmetry.

PMID- 9950422
TI  - Role of the giant panda's 'pseudo-thumb'.

PMID- 9950423
TI  - Yeast cell-type regulation of DNA repair.

PMID- 9950425
TI  - High genomic deleterious mutation rates in hominids.
AB  - It has been suggested that humans may suffer a high genomic deleterious mutation
      rate. Here we test this hypothesis by applying a variant of a molecular approach
      to estimate the deleterious mutation rate in hominids from the level of selective
      constraint in DNA sequences. Under conservative assumptions, we estimate that an
      average of 4.2 amino-acid-altering mutations per diploid per generation have
      occurred in the human lineage since humans separated from chimpanzees. Of these
      mutations, we estimate that at least 38% have been eliminated by natural
      selection, indicating that there have been more than 1.6 new deleterious
      mutations per diploid genome per generation. Thus, the deleterious mutation rate
      specific to protein-coding sequences alone is close to the upper limit tolerable
      by a species such as humans that has a low reproductive rate, indicating that the
      effects of deleterious mutations may have combined synergistically. Furthermore,
      the level of selective constraint in hominid protein-coding sequences is
      atypically low. A large number of slightly deleterious mutations may therefore
      have become fixed in hominid lineages.

PMID- 9950424
TI  - OPGL is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, lymphocyte development and lymph
      node organogenesis.
AB  - The tumour-necrosis-factor-family molecule osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL; also
      known as TRANCE, RANKL and ODF) has been identified as a potential osteoclast
      differentiation factor and regulator of interactions between T cells and
      dendritic cells in vitro. Mice with a disrupted opgl gene show severe
      osteopetrosis and a defect in tooth eruption, and completely lack osteoclasts as
      a result of an inability of osteoblasts to support osteoclastogenesis. Although
      dendritic cells appear normal, opgl-deficient mice exhibit defects in early
      differentiation of T and B lymphocytes. Surprisingly, opgl-deficient mice lack
      all lymph nodes but have normal splenic structure and Peyer's patches. Thus OPGL
      is a new regulator of lymph-node organogenesis and lymphocyte development and is
      an essential osteoclast differentiation factor in vivo.

PMID- 9950427
TI  - In vivo regulation of axon extension and pathfinding by growth-cone calcium
      transients.
AB  - Growth cones at the tips of extending neurites migrate through complex
      environments in the developing nervous system and guide axons to appropriate
      target regions using local cues. The intracellular calcium concentration
      ([Ca2+]i) of growth cones correlates with motility in vitro, but the
      physiological links between environmental cues and axon growth in vivo are
      unknown. Here we report that growth cones generate transient elevations of
      [Ca2+]i as they migrate within the embryonic spinal cord and that the rate of
      axon outgrowth is inversely proportional to the frequency of transients.
      Suppressing Ca2+ transients by photorelease of a Ca2+ chelator accelerates axon
      extension, whereas mimicking transients with photorelease of Ca2+ slows otherwise
      rapid axonal growth. The frequency of Ca2+ transients is cell-type specific and
      depends on the position of growth cones along their pathway. Furthermore, growth
      cone stalling and axon retraction, which are two important aspects of
      pathfinding, are associated with high frequencies of Ca2+ transients. Our results
      indicate that environmentally regulated growth-cone Ca2+ transients control axon
      growth in the developing spinal cord.

PMID- 9950426
TI  - Monocular deprivation induces homosynaptic long-term depression in visual cortex.
AB  - Brief monocular deprivation during early postnatal development can lead to a
      depression of synaptic transmission that renders visual cortical neurons
      unresponsive to subsequent visual stimulation through the deprived eye. The
      Bienenstock-Cooper-Munro (BCM) theory proposes that homosynaptic mechanisms of
      long-term depression (LTD) account for the deprivation effects. Homosynaptic
      depression, by definition, occurs only at active synapses. Thus, in contrast to
      the commonly held view that the synaptic depression caused by monocular
      deprivation is simply a result of retinal inactivity, this theoretical framework
      indicates that the synaptic depression may actually be driven by the residual
      activity in the visually deprived retina. Here we examine the validity of this
      idea by comparing the consequences of brief monocular deprivation by lid suture
      with those of monocular inactivation by intra-ocular treatment with tetrodotoxin.
      Lid suture leaves the retina spontaneously active, whereas tetrodotoxin
      eliminates all activity. In agreement with the BCM theory, our results show that
      monocular lid suture causes a significantly greater depression of deprived-eye
      responses in kitten visual cortex than does treatment with tetrodotoxin. These
      findings have important implications for mechanisms of experience-dependent
      plasticity in the neocortex.

PMID- 9950428
TI  - Secondary V(D)J recombination in B-1 cells.
AB  - B-1 B cells are a self-renewing population of B cells that differ from
      conventional B cells (B-2 cells) in that they are particularly predisposed to
      auto-antibody production. Although much is known about the signalling pathways
      that control B-1-cell growth and development, less is known about why these cells
      are prone to produce autoreactive antibodies. Here we show that B-1 cells, like
      germinal-centre B cells, can express recombinase-activating genes 1 and 2 (RAG1
      and RAG2) and undergo secondary V(D)J recombination of immunoglobulin genes. In
      addition, B cells from autoimmune-prone NZB mice show high levels of RAG
      messenger RNA and recombination. We propose that secondary immunoglobulin-gene
      rearrangements outside organized lymphoid organs may contribute to the
      development of autoreactive antibodies.

PMID- 9950429
TI  - The 5-HT3B subunit is a major determinant of serotonin-receptor function.
AB  - The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) mediates rapid
      excitatory responses through ligand-gated channels (5-HT3 receptors). Recombinant
      expression of the only identified receptor subunit (5-HT3A) yields functional 5
      HT3 receptors. However, the conductance of these homomeric receptors (sub
      picosiemens) is too small to be resolved directly, and contrasts with a robust
      channel conductance displayed by neuronal 5-HT3 receptors (9-17 pS). Neuronal 5
      HT3 receptors also display a permeability to calcium ions and a current-voltage
      relationship that differ from those of homomeric receptors. Here we describe a
      new class of 5-HT3-receptor subunit (5-HT3B). Transcripts of this subunit are co
      expressed with the 5-HT3A subunit in the amygdala, caudate and hippocampus.
      Heteromeric assemblies of 5-HT3A and 5-HT3B subunits display a large single
      channel conductance (16 pS), low permeability to calcium ions, and a current
      voltage relationship which resembles that of characterized neuronal 5-HT3
      channels. The heteromeric receptors also display distinctive pharmacological
      properties. Surprisingly, the M2 region of the 5-HT3B subunit lacks any of the
      structural features that are known to promote the conductance of related
      receptors. In addition to providing a new target for therapeutic agents, the 5
      HT3B subunit will be a valuable resource for defining the molecular mechanisms of
      ion-channel function.

PMID- 9950430
TI  - TPL-2 kinase regulates the proteolysis of the NF-kappaB-inhibitory protein NF
      kappaB1 p105.
AB  - The transcription factor NF-kappaB is composed of homodimeric and heterodimeric
      complexes of Rel/NF-kappaB-family polypeptides, which include Rel-A, c-Rel, Rel
      B, NF-kappaB/p50 and NF-kappaB2/p52 . The NF-kappaB1 gene encodes a larger
      precursor protein, p105, from which p50 is produced constitutively by proteasome
      mediated removal of the p105 carboxy terminus. The p105 precursor also acts as an
      NFkappaB-inhibitory protein, retaining associated p50, c-Rel and Rel-A proteins
      in the cytoplasm through its carboxy terminus. Following cell stimulation by
      agonists, p105 is proteolysed more rapidly and released Rel subunits translocate
      into the nucleus. Here we show that TPL-2 , which is homologous to MAP-kinase
      kinase kinases in its catalytic domain, forms a complex with the carboxy terminus
      of p105. TPL-2 was originally identified, in a carboxy-terminal-deleted form, as
      an oncoprotein in rats and is more than 90% identical to the human oncoprotein
      COT. Expression of TPL-2 results in phosphorylation and increased degradation of
      p105 while maintaining p50 production. This releases associated Rel subunits or
      p50-Rel heterodimers to generate active nuclear NF-kappaB. Furthermore, kinase
      inactive TPL-2 blocks the degradation of p105 induced by tumour-necrosis factor
      alpha. TPL-2 is therefore a component of a new signalling pathway that controls
      proteolysis of NF-kappaB1 p105.

PMID- 9950431
TI  - Health in Russia is broke, but who is to fix it?

PMID- 9950432
TI  - Treatments for severe pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 9950433
TI  - Immunotherapy of non-metastatic complication of malignant disease.

PMID- 9950434
TI  - No cause for alarm over retinal side-effects of sildenafil.

PMID- 9950435
TI  - Integrins--the glue of life.

PMID- 9950436
TI  - What does postnatal care do for women's health?

PMID- 9950437
TI  - Choosing diseases for surveillance.

PMID- 9950438
TI  - Active specific immunotherapy for stage II and stage III human colon cancer: a
      randomised trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Colon cancer is curable by surgery, but cure rate depends on the
      extent of disease. We investigated whether adjuvant active specific immunotherapy
      (ASI) with an autologous tumour cell-BCG vaccine with surgical resection was more
      beneficial than resection alone in stage II and III colon cancer. METHODS: In a
      prospective randomised trial, 254 patients with colon cancer were randomly
      assigned postoperative ASI or no adjuvant treatment. ASI was three weekly
      vaccinations starting 4 weeks after surgery, with a booster vaccination at 6
      months with 10(7) irradiated autologous tumour cells. The first vaccinations
      contained 10(7) BCG organisms. We followed up patients for time to recurrence,
      and recurrence-free and overall survival. Analysis was by intention to treat.
      FINDINGS: The 5.3 year median follow-up (range 8 months to 8 years 11 months)
      showed 44% (95% CI 7-66) risk reduction for recurrence in the recurrence-free
      period in all patients receiving ASI (p=0.023). Overall, there were 40
      recurrences in the control group and 25 in the ASI group. Analysis by stage
      showed no significant benefit of ASI in stage III disease. The major impact of
      ASI was seen in patients with stage II disease, with a significantly longer
      recurrence-free period (p=0.011) and 61% (18-81) risk reduction for recurrences.
      Recurrence-free survival was significantly longer with ASI (42% risk reduction
      for recurrence or death [0-68], p=0.032) and there was a trend towards improved
      overall survival. INTERPRETATION: ASI gave significant clinical benefit in
      surgically resected patients with stage II colon cancer. ASI has minimal adverse
      reactions and should be considered in the management of stage II colon cancer.

PMID- 9950439
TI  - Association of two silent polymorphisms of platelet glycoprotein Ia/IIa receptor
      with risk of myocardial infarction: a case-control study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The platelet membrane glycoprotein Ia/IIa plays a major part in
      platelet function as a primary receptor for collagen. A previous report showed a
      variation of glycoprotein Ia/IIa receptor density and function associated with
      two silent and linked polymorphisms (807C/T and 873G/A) within the glycoprotein
      Ia gene. Because platelet thrombus formation is implicated in the pathogenesis of
      acute myocardial infarction, we investigated these polymorphisms among patients
      who had had a myocardial infarction. METHODS: We did a 2/1 case-control study
      including 177 patients (median age 57.0 [range 32-72] years) and 89 controls with
      same age and sex. Distributions of the 807C/T and 873G/A polymorphisms were
      investigated by genotyping DNA by PCR, single-strand conformation polymorphism
      analysis, and sequencing. FINDINGS: The prevalence of the homozygous 807T/873A
      genotype was 2.9 times higher among patients with myocardial infarction than
      among controls (16.4% vs 5.6%, p=0.022). There was an association between
      patients homozygous for the 807T/873A allele and myocardial infarction (odds
      ratio 3.3 [95% CI 1.2-8.8]), which was strongest in a subgroup of smokers. The
      homozygous 807T/873A genotype remained an independent risk factor for myocardial
      infarction (p=0.005) when age, sex, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, body-mass
      index, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, and fibrinogen were adjusted for by
      logistic regression. INTERPRETATION: The 807T/873A homozygosity of the platelet
      glycoprotein Ia/IIa gene polymorphism, associated with differences in surface
      collagen receptor density and activity, appears to be an independent risk factor
      for acute myocardial infarction. Our findings need to be confirmed in a larger,
      prospective study that includes patients from different populations and
      cardiovascular risk groups.

PMID- 9950440
TI  - Risk of diphtheria among schoolchildren in the Russian Federation in relation to
      time since last vaccination.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Between 1990 and 1996, more than 110,000 cases and 2900 deaths from
      diphtheria were reported in the Russian Federation. In 1994, because disease
      rates were high among children aged 7-10 years, the age of administration of the
      second booster dose of diphtheria vaccine was lowered from 9 years to 6 years,
      the age of school entry. To assess the impact of this policy change, we did a
      matched case-control study in three Russian cities. METHODS: Children aged 6-8
      years who had diphtheria between September, 1994, and December, 1996, were each
      matched with five to seven children acting as controls who were within 3 months
      of age of the case and were from the same class at school. We did a matched
      analysis using conditional logistic regression. FINDINGS: We analysed the
      immunisation records of 58 cases and 306 controls. All but one case and all
      controls had received at least three doses of diphtheria-toxoid vaccine. 19 (33%)
      cases and 144 (47%) controls had received a booster dose of diphtheria toxoid
      within the previous 2 years. Cases were more likely than were controls to have
      received only four doses rather than five (odds ratio 2.8 [95% CI 1.2-6.5]) and
      to have a time since the last dose of diphtheria toxoid of 3-4 years (3.1 [1.1
      9.1]) or 5-7 years (15.0 [2.5-89.0]), compared with children for whom it was 2
      years or less. On multivariate analysis only a time since the last dose of 5-7
      years remained significantly associated with disease (matched odds ratio adjusted
      for total number of doses 10.9 [1.6-75.1]). CONCLUSION: A booster dose of
      diphtheria-toxoid vaccine given to children in the Russian Federation at 6-8
      years of age reduced the interval since the last dose of diphtheria toxoid and
      improved protection against diphtheria.

PMID- 9950441
TI  - Feasibility and efficacy of routine PCR screening of blood donations for
      hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, and HIV-1 in a blood-bank setting.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Despite sensitive antibody-based blood-donor screening, a residual
      risk of transfusion-transmitted viral infections exists. Only direct monitoring
      by sensitive nucleic-acid tests would provide data accurately to measure the risk
      and to assess risk-reduction procedures. We investigated the feasibility and
      efficacy of routine screening of donors for hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B
      virus (HBV), and HIV-1 by PCR. METHODS: For PCR testing, individual donor plasma
      samples were pooled (96x100 microL) overnight by two automatic pipetting
      machines. Viruses were concentrated by centrifugation and nucleic acids were
      extracted. HCV PCR was done on the Cobas Amplicor system (Hoffmann-La Roche,
      Mannheim, Germany). HBV and HIV-1 sequences were amplified by single (non-nested)
      in-house PCRs and detected by agarose-gel electrophoresis. Detection limits were
      1000-5000 genome equivalents/mL in the donor blood. FINDINGS: PCR testing was
      done in parallel to antibody screening with a maximum throughput of 3000 samples
      in 7-8 h. Positive samples were identified 1-2 days later. 111 of 373,423
      donations (107 of 4500 pools) were PCR and antibody/antigen-confirmed positive.
      We found one HCV PCR-positive antibody-negative donation with normal alanine
      aminotransferase and one HCV PCR-positive donation with an elevated alanine
      aminotransferase (100 IU), which was negative in the AxSYM 2.0 and Matrix 1.0,
      but positive after control in the Abbott Prism test (Abbott GmbH, Wiesbaden,
      Germany). INTERPRETATION: PCR is a suitable and fast blood-donor screening
      procedure and contributes to a reduction in viral transmission by transfusion of
      blood components. In our selected donor population, the yield of detected
      contaminated donations from donors in the time window in which they are highly
      infectious but do not have any symptoms or detectable antigen and antibody
      concentrations (diagnostic window), confirms theoretical estimates.

PMID- 9950442
TI  - Differences between asthma exacerbations and poor asthma control.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Increased variation in peak expiratory flow (PEF) is characteristic
      of poorly controlled asthma, and measurement of diurnal variability of PEF has
      been recommended for assessment of asthma severity, including during
      exacerbations. We aimed to test whether asthma exacerbations had the same PEF
      characteristics as poor asthma control. METHODS: Electronic PEF records from 43
      patients with initially poorly controlled asthma were examined for all
      exacerbations that occurred after PEF reached a plateau with inhaled
      corticosteroid treatment. Diurnal variability of PEF was compared during
      exacerbations, run-in (poor asthma control), and the period of stable asthma
      before each exacerbation. FINDINGS: Diurnal variability was 21.3% during poor
      asthma control and improved to 5.3% (stable asthma) with inhaled corticosteroid
      treatment. 40 exacerbations occurred in 26 patients over 2-16 months; 38 (95%) of
      exacerbations were associated with symptoms of clinical respiratory infection.
      During exacerbations, consecutive PEF values fell linearly over several days then
      improved linearly. However, diurnal variability during exacerbations (7.7%) was
      not significantly higher than during stable asthma (5.4%, p=0.1). PEF data were
      consistent with impaired response to inhaled beta2-agonist during exacerbations
      but not during poorly controlled asthma. INTERPRETATION: Asthmatics remain
      vulnerable to exacerbations during clinical respiratory infections, even after
      asthma is brought under control. Calculation of diurnal variability may fail to
      detect important changes in lung function. PEF variation is strikingly different
      during exacerbations compared with poor asthma control, suggesting differences in
      beta2-adrenoceptor function between these conditions.

PMID- 9950443
TI  - Control of hypercalcaemia of parathyroid carcinoma by immunisation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients with parathyroid tumours can develop extreme hypercalcaemia
      and osteitis fibrosa cystica. Clinical features result from the action of
      parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone receptors. Because this hormone is produced in
      microgram quantities, inhibition of its metabolic effects with potent PTH
      antibodies should be possible. We tested whether an immunisation with synthetic
      human and bovine PTH peptides could stimulate autoantibodies against PTH.
      METHODS: A patient with metastatic parathyroid carcinoma in the lungs and pleura
      developed severe bone disease and extreme hypercalcaemia that proved resistant to
      conventional therapy. She was immunised with 200 microg human and bovine PTH
      peptides and 50 microg human PTH. Booster doses were also given at 4 weeks and 11
      weeks. The patient was then seen every week. FINDINGS: Antibodies against PTH
      were produced within 4 weeks of initial immunisation and titres increased with
      repeated doses of immunogens. Total serum calcium concentrations, which had
      ranged from 3.5 mmol/L to 4.2 mmol/L over the previous 18 months, fell to between
      2.5 mmol/L and 3.0 mmol/L over 6 months of therapy. This fall was accompanied by
      striking clinical improvement. INTERPRETATION: We believe this is the first use
      of immunotherapy to control remote, non-metastatic complications of malignant
      disease. B-cell tolerance to human PTH was broken by immunisation with PTH
      peptides in adjuvant. This therapeutic approach could be used to control excess
      hormone production in several types of endocrine tumour and may have applications
      in other diseases.

PMID- 9950444
TI  - Hypercalcaemia in sarcoidosis.

PMID- 9950445
TI  - Retinal side-effects of sildenafil.

PMID- 9950447
TI  - Prevalence of admission hyperglycaemia across clinical subtypes of acute stroke.

PMID- 9950446
TI  - Is management of impotence with sildenafil changing clinical practice?

PMID- 9950448
TI  - Pre-pregnancy microalbuminuria predicts pre-eclampsia in insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus. Copenhagen Pre-eclampsia in Diabetic Pregnancy Study Group.

PMID- 9950449
TI  - Headache after frequent use of serotonin agonists zolmitriptan and naratriptan.

PMID- 9950451
TI  - Computer-assisted cardiac surgery.

PMID- 9950450
TI  - Smoking in adults and passive smoking in children are associated with acute
      appendicitis.

PMID- 9950452
TI  - Interobserver variability in the use of APACHE II scores.

PMID- 9950453
TI  - Emergence of adult diarrhoea rotavirus in Calcutta, India.

PMID- 9950454
TI  - Mortality in the CHAOS trial.

PMID- 9950455
TI  - Non-Mediterranean periodic fever.

PMID- 9950456
TI  - Hypnosis makes headway in the clinic.

PMID- 9950457
TI  - More patches for the healthcare system.

PMID- 9950458
TI  - Euro will challenge finances of healthcare systems in Europe.

PMID- 9950459
TI  - Indian welfare minister orders compulsory HIV testing for children in care.

PMID- 9950460
TI  - Colorectal cancer.
AB  - Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality with about
      300,000 new cases and 200,000 deaths in Europe and the USA each year. Published
      trials have established a role for chemotherapy in colorectal cancer, in the
      adjuvant setting for Dukes C colon cancer, with an absolute survival benefit of
      about 5% and in advanced colorectal cancer, for which it improves quality of life
      and increases survival by 6-12 months. For rectal cancer, radiotherapy decreases
      rates of local recurrence and, in locally advanced disease, successfully
      palliates pain, tenesmus, and bleeding. The evolving understanding of colorectal
      carcinogenesis, in particular recognition of vital genes that may be mutated or
      lost during tumour development, has been translated into innovative gene therapy
      techniques. Finally it is increasingly apparent that surgical site specialisation
      and a multidisciplinary approach (including surgeons, pathologists, and
      oncologists) may lead to optimum outcomes for patients with colorectal cancer.

PMID- 9950461
TI  - Placebo-controlled studies in rheumatoid arthritis: ethical issues.

PMID- 9950462
TI  - The genesis line.

PMID- 9950463
TI  - Fetal surgery for spina bifida.

PMID- 9950464
TI  - Fetal surgery for spina bifida.

PMID- 9950465
TI  - Fetal surgery for spina bifida.

PMID- 9950466
TI  - UK small aneurysms trial.

PMID- 9950467
TI  - UK small aneurysms trial.

PMID- 9950468
TI  - UK small aneurysms trial.

PMID- 9950469
TI  - Too little, too late, too sloppy: delivery care in Africa.

PMID- 9950470
TI  - Socioeconomic status and stage at presentation of colorectal cancer.

PMID- 9950471
TI  - Management of germ cell tumours of the testis.

PMID- 9950472
TI  - Oral or parenteral therapy for vitamin B12 deficiency.

PMID- 9950473
TI  - Oral or parenteral therapy for vitamin B12 deficiency.

PMID- 9950474
TI  - Oral or parenteral therapy for vitamin B12 deficiency.

PMID- 9950475
TI  - Development of clinical guidelines.

PMID- 9950476
TI  - HIV/AIDS information overload.

PMID- 9950477
TI  - In-flight assistance.

PMID- 9950478
TI  - In-flight assistance.

PMID- 9950479
TI  - Misleading government information on NHS costs.

PMID- 9950480
TI  - Nicaraguan health care.

PMID- 9950481
TI  - Too short or too fat: should we be monitoring weight?

PMID- 9950482
TI  - Vaccination against HBV in France.

PMID- 9950483
TI  - Meet my uncle.

PMID- 9950484
TI  - Getting on with AIDS.

PMID- 9950485
TI  - The Nobel chronicles. 1936: Henry Hallett Dale (1875-1968) and Otto Loewi (1873
      1961).

PMID- 9950486
TI  - Sketches from The Lancet. Venereal diseases.

PMID- 9950487
TI  - Surgical decompression for traumatic brain swelling: indications and results.
AB  - OBJECT: Decompressive craniectomy has been performed since 1977 in patients with
      traumatic brain injury. The authors assess the efficacy of this treatment and the
      indications for its use. METHODS: The clinical status of the 57 patients, their
      computerized tomography (CT) scans, and intracranial pressure (ICP) levels were
      documented prospectively in a standard protocol. At the beginning of the study,
      all patients older than 30 years were excluded. As of 1989 patients older than 40
      years were excluded until 1991; since that time patients older than 50 years have
      been excluded. Primary brain or brainstem injury with fully developed bulbar
      brain syndrome, loss of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs), and/or oscillation
      flow in a transcranial Doppler ultrasound examination were contraindications to
      decompressive craniectomy. A positive indication for decompression was given in
      the case of progressive therapy-resistant intracranial hypertension in
      correlation with clinical (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score, decerebrate posturing,
      dilating of pupils) and electrophysiological (electroencephalography,
      somatosensory evoked potentials, and AEPs) parameters and with findings on CT
      scans. Unilateral decompressive craniectomy was performed in 31 patients and
      bilateral craniectomy in 26 patients. In all cases, a wide frontotemporoparietal
      craniectomy was followed by a dura enlargement covered with temporal muscle
      fascia. The outcomes of the treatment were surprisingly good. Only 11 patients
      (19%) died, three of whom died of acute respiratory disease syndrome. Five
      patients (9%) survived, but remained in a persistent vegetative state; six
      patients (11%) survived with a severe permanent neurological deficit, and 33
      patients (58%) attained social rehabilitation. Two patients (3.5%) did not have a
      follow-up examination. The GCS score on the 1st day posttrauma and the mean ICP
      turned out to be the best predictors for a good prognosis. The results
      demonstrate the importance of decompressive craniectomy in the treatment of
      traumatic brain swelling. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical decompression should be routinely
      performed when indicated before irreversible ischemic brain damage occurs.

PMID- 9950489
TI  - The efficacy of an abbreviated course of nimodipine in patients with good-grade
      aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - OBJECT: Nimodipine therapy has become a standard component of the treatment
      regimen used in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Its
      prescribed use at 60 mg every 4 hours for 21 days is based on reputable,
      randomized prospective studies. However, because only 20 to 30% of patients with
      SAH suffer clinical cerebral vasospasm, it is clear that most patients do not
      actually need the drug. Of course, this fact is not evident until several
      treatment days have passed. It is common practice, without well-documented
      consequences, to terminate nimodipine therapy before 21 days in certain clinical
      circumstances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of
      abbreviating the duration of nimodipine treatment in the setting of a good-grade
      aneurysmal SAH. METHODS: A retrospective clinical review was made of 90
      consecutive patients who experienced a Hunt and Hess Grade I through III
      aneurysmal SAH and were treated with nimodipine for 15 days or less. CONCLUSIONS:
      None of the patients studied suffered a delayed neurological deficit as a result
      of the abbreviated course of nimodipine.

PMID- 9950488
TI  - Outcomes after stereotactically guided pallidotomy for advanced Parkinson's
      disease.
AB  - OBJECT: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that
      becomes refractory to medication as the disease progresses. Although in the past
      5 years increasing numbers of patients have undergone stereotactically guided
      posteroventral pallidotomy for advanced PD, the safety and efficacy of surgery
      remains to be documented. The goal in this study was to determine the potential
      operative morbidity and types of functional outcomes by using validated PD rating
      scales and a patient survey. METHODS: In a prospective analysis of a consecutive
      surgical series the authors evaluated 58 patients with advanced PD who ranged in
      age from 40 to 79 years (mean 67 years) and who had undergone surgery between
      1994 and 1997. They used a patient survey and the Unified Parkinson's Disease
      Rating Scale (UPDRS) to study patients during periods of medication
      administration ("on") and withdrawal ("off"; mean off score before surgery = 96).
      Temporary surgical morbidity was found in four patients (6.9%), three of whom
      developed transient dysarthria and one of whom exhibited transient confusion
      (1.7%). One patient had persistent dysarthria (1.7%). No patient developed a
      visual field deficit or sustained a brain hemorrhage. All patients were
      discharged from the hospital within 24 hours. Significant postsurgical
      improvements were noted in the UPDRS off-period total and motor scores, as well
      as in tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and contralateral dyskinesia (p < 0.005).
      Improvements persisted in dyskinesia and tremor for the 21 patients who were
      evaluated past 1 year. The authors found no improvement in any on-period symptoms
      except dyskinesia. Thirty-one (61 %) of 51 patients surveyed reported functional
      gains and/or dramatic improvement in symptoms, 17 (33%) reported symptomatic
      improvement without functional gains, and three (6%) had minimal or no change in
      symptoms. No change in the mini mental state examination score was noted during
      follow up. There were no significant postoperative changes in the use of
      medication. CONCLUSIONS: In advanced PD associated with either a medically
      refractory state with significant off periods or levodopa-induced dyskinesias,
      magnetic resonance imaging-guided pallidotomy with macrostimulation was
      associated with minimal morbidity and yet significantly reduced dyskinesia and
      off-period disability. These improvements were of value to the patient and
      persisted beyond the 1st year.

PMID- 9950490
TI  - Embolization of incidental cerebral aneurysms by using the Guglielmi detachable
      coil system.
AB  - OBJECT: Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) technology is a valuable therapeutic
      alternative to the surgical treatment of ruptured or incidental intracranial
      aneurysms. The authors describe their technical and clinical experience in the
      use of the GDC technique in patients who underwent endovascular occlusion for the
      treatment of incidentally found intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: One hundred
      fifteen patients with 120 incidentally found intracranial aneurysms underwent
      embolization by means of the GDC endovascular technique. Ninety-one patients were
      females and 24 were males. Patient age ranged from 13 to 80 years. In 64 patients
      the incidental aneurysms were discovered when unrelated nonneurological
      conditions signaled the need for angiography or magnetic resonance angiography
      (Group 1). Twenty patients who presented with incidental aneurysms that were
      discovered during treatment for an acutely ruptured aneurysm underwent treatment
      of both types of aneurysm during the acute phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
      (Group 2). Sixteen patients with incidental aneurysms were treated during the
      chronic phase of SAH (Group 3). Group 4 included 15 patients who had incidental
      aneurysms associated with brain tumors or arteriovenous malformations.
      Angiographic results revealed complete or near-complete occlusion in 109
      aneurysms (91%) and incomplete occlusion in five aneurysms (4%). Guglielmi
      detachable coil embolization was attempted unsuccessfully in six aneurysms (5%).
      One hundred nine patients (94.8%) remained neurologically intact or unchanged
      from their initial clinical status. Five patients (4.3%) deteriorated as a result
      of immediate procedural complications. All these complications occurred in the
      first 50 patients treated in the series. No clinical complications were observed
      in the last 65 patients. In one patient, a partially embolized aneurysm ruptured
      3 years postprocedure. In Groups 1 and 3, the average length of hospitalization
      was 3.3 days. CONCLUSIONS: The evolution of GDC technology has proved to provide
      safe treatment of incidental aneurysms (a morbidity rate of 0% was achieved in
      the last 65 patients). The topography of the aneurysm and the clinical condition
      of the patient did not influence final anatomical or clinical outcomes. The GDC
      technology also confers a positive economic impact by decreasing hospital length
      of stay and by eliminating the need for postembolization intensive care.

PMID- 9950491
TI  - Trigeminocardiac reflex during surgery in the cerebellopontine angle.
AB  - OBJECT: In different experimental studies authors have analyzed the autonomic
      responses elicited by the electrical, mechanical, or chemical stimulation of the
      trigeminal nerve system. The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a well-recognized
      phenomenon that consists of bradycardia, arterial hypotension, apnea, and gastric
      hypermotility. It occurs during ocular surgery and during other manipulations in
      and around the orbit. Thus far, it has not been shown that central stimulation of
      the trigeminal nerve can also cause this reflex. METHODS: The TCR was defined as
      clinical hypotension with a drop in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) of more
      than 20% and bradycardia lower than 60 beats/minute. Pre-, intra-, and
      postoperative heart rate (HR) and MABP were reviewed retrospectively in 125
      patients who underwent surgery for tumors of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA),
      and they were divided into two groups on the basis of the occurrence of the TCR
      during surgery. Of the 125 patients, 14 (11%) showed evidence of the TCR during
      dissection of the tumor near the trigeminal nerve at the brainstem. Their HRs
      fell 38% and their MABPs fell 48% during operative procedures as compared with
      preoperative levels. After cessation of manipulation, the HRs and the MABPs
      returned to preoperative levels. Risk factors for the occurrence of the TCR were
      compared with results from the literature. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' results show
      the possibility of occurrence of a TCR during manipulation of the central part of
      the trigeminal nerve when performing surgery in the CPA.

PMID- 9950492
TI  - Dutch Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus Study: the role of cerebrovascular disease.
AB  - OBJECT: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of cerebrovascular
      disease and its risk factors among patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus
      (NPH) and to assess the influence of these factors on the outcome of shunt
      placement. METHODS: A cohort of 101 patients with NPH underwent shunt placement
      and was followed for 1 year. Gait disturbance and dementia were quantified using
      an NPH scale and handicap was determined using a modified Rankin scale (mRS).
      Primary outcome measures consisted of the differences between preoperative and
      last NPH scale and mRS scores. The presence of risk factors such as hypertension,
      diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, peripheral vascular disease, male gender, and
      advancing age was recorded. Cerebrovascular disease was defined as a history of
      stroke or a computerized tomography (CT) scan revealing infarcts or moderate-to
      severe white matter hypodense lesions. The prevalence of risk factors for
      cerebrovascular disease was higher in the 45 patients with cerebrovascular
      disease than the 56 without it. Risk factors did not influence outcome after
      shunt placement. Intent-to-treat analysis revealed that the mean improvement in
      the various scales was significantly less for patients with a history of stroke
      (14 patients), CT scans revealing infarctions (13), or white matter hypodense
      lesions (32 patients) than for those without cerebrovascular disease. The
      proportion of patients who responded to shunt placement was also significantly
      lower among patients with than those without cerebrovascular disease (p=0.02).
      CONCLUSIONS: The authors identified a subgroup of patients with NPH and
      cerebrovascular disease who showed disappointing results after shunt placement.
      Cerebrovascular disease was an important predictor of poor outcome.

PMID- 9950493
TI  - Sylvian aqueduct syndrome and global rostral midbrain dysfunction associated with
      shunt malfunction.
AB  - OBJECT: This study is a retrospective analysis of clinical data obtained in 28
      patients affected by obstructive hydrocephalus who presented with signs of
      midbrain dysfunction during episodes of shunt malfunction. METHODS: All patients
      presented with an upward gaze palsy, sometimes associated with other signs of
      oculomotor dysfunction. In seven cases the ocular signs remained isolated and
      resolved rapidly after shunt revision. In 21 cases the ocular signs were variably
      associated with other clinical manifestations such as pyramidal and
      extrapyramidal deficits, memory disturbances, mutism, or alterations in
      consciousness. Resolution of these symptoms after shunt revision was usually
      slow. In four cases a transient paradoxical aggravation was observed at the time
      of shunt revision. In 11 cases ventriculocistemostomy allowed resolution of the
      symptoms and withdrawal of the shunt. Simultaneous supratentorial and
      infratentorial intracranial pressure recordings performed in seven of the
      patients showed a pressure gradient between the supratentorial and infratentorial
      compartments, with a higher supratentorial pressure before shunt revision.
      Inversion of this pressure gradient was observed after shunt revision and
      resolution of the gradient was observed in one case after third ventriculostomy.
      In six recent cases, a focal midbrain hyperintensity was evidenced on T2-weighted
      magnetic resonance imaging sequences at the time of shunt malfunction. This
      rapidly resolved after the patient underwent third ventriculostomy. CONCLUSIONS:
      It is probable that in obstructive hydrocephalus, at the time of shunt
      malfunction, the development of a transtentorial pressure gradient could
      initially induce a functional impairment of the upper midbrain, inducing upward
      gaze palsy. The persistence of the gradient could lead to a global dysfunction of
      the upper midbrain. Third ventriculostomy contributes to equalization of
      cerebrospinal fluid pressure across the tentorium by restoring free communication
      between the infratentorial and supratentorial compartments, resulting in
      resolution of the patient's clinical symptoms.

PMID- 9950494
TI  - Surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas: experience with 168 patients.
AB  - OBJECT: The goal of this study was to assess the outcome of surgical management
      in 168 consecutive patients harboring craniopharyngiomas treated between January
      1983 and April 1997. METHODS: In 148 patients undergoing initial (primary)
      surgery, the pterional approach was most frequently used (39.2%), followed by the
      transsphenoidal approach (23.6%). For large retrochiasmatic craniopharyngiomas,
      the bifrontal interhemispheric approach was used increasingly over the pterional
      approach and led to improved surgical results. Total tumor removal was
      accomplished in 45.7% of transcranial and 85.7% of transsphenoidal procedures.
      The main reasons for incomplete removal were attachment to and/or infiltration of
      the hypothalamus, major calcifications, and attachment to vascular structures.
      The success rate in total tumor removal was inferior in the cases of tumor
      recurrence. The operative mortality rate in transcranial surgery was 1.1% in
      primary cases and 10.5% in cases of tumor recurrence. No patient died in the
      group that underwent transsphenoidal surgery. The rate of recurrence-free
      survival after total removal was 86.9% at 5 years and 81.3% at 10 years. In
      contrast, the 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was only 48.8% after subtotal
      removal and 41.5% after partial removal. Following primary surgery, the actuarial
      survival rate was 92.7% at 10 years, with the best results after complete tumor
      removal. At last follow up, 117 (79%) of 148 patients who underwent primary
      surgery were independent and without impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Total tumor removal
      while avoiding hazardous intraoperative manipulation provides favorable early
      results and a high rate of long-term control in craniopharyngiomas.

PMID- 9950495
TI  - Surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas: endocrinological results.
AB  - OBJECT: This study aimed to elucidate the endocrinological outcome of
      craniopharyngioma surgery. In particular, endocrinological results were analyzed
      in relation to the surgical approach. The study includes 143 patients who
      underwent pre- and postoperative endocrinological assessment and who had not
      previously undergone surgery. METHODS: Diabetes insipidus was the most common
      postoperative deficiency in both the transcranial and transsphenoidal groups. The
      overall percentage of patients with diabetes insipidus increased from 16.1%
      preoperatively to 59.4% postoperatively. After transcranial surgery, the rate of
      anterior pituitary deficiency also increased. However, normal preoperative
      anterior pituitary function was maintained in more than 50% of patients for each
      endocrine axis. Similar results were attained in the group of patients undergoing
      complete tumor removal. The best result was achieved for gonadal function: the
      incidence of hypogonadism increased only slightly from 77.4 to 79.8%. The rate of
      anterior pituitary failure at presentation was much higher in the transsphenoidal
      than in the transcranial group. During transsphenoidal surgery, intact anterior
      pituitary functions were generally preserved. The rate of panhypopituitarism
      increased only slightly, from 40% before surgery to 42.9% after surgery.
      Endocrinological results were not inferior in patients with a ventrally displaced
      pituitary. This variant required midline incision of the gland for exposure of
      the craniopharyngioma. In the entire series of 143 patients the pituitary stalk
      was generally preserved. Postoperative panhypopituitarism was encountered in only
      one of eight patients in whom the pituitary stalk was partially resected because
      of tumor infiltration. None of the 88 patients who remained recurrence-free
      demonstrated endocrinological deterioration during follow-up review, compared
      with the early postoperative assessment 3 months postsurgery. On the other hand,
      complete recovery of one endocrine axis was observed in nine of these patients
      during later follow-up evaluations. In five of them, diabetes insipidus had
      regressed. CONCLUSIONS: It is worth preserving the pituitary stalk and gland at
      surgery because of the definite chance that intact anterior pituitary functions
      can be maintained. Postoperative diabetes insipidus must be accepted as a common
      sequela following attempts at complete removal of the craniopharyngioma.

PMID- 9950496
TI  - Pathogenesis of intracranial germ cell tumors reconsidered.
AB  - OBJECT: To determine the pathogenesis of intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs),
      the author studied 153 cases of these tumors encountered through 1994, 62.7% of
      which showed monotypic histological patterns and 37.3% of which were shown to be
      mixed tumors. METHODS: Six patients died soon after admission and underwent
      autopsy; the other patients underwent surgery followed by radio- and/or
      chemotherapy. One hundred thirty-four cases were followed through the end of
      1997. All patients with a choriocarcinoma died within 1 year. Patients with a
      yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) or an embryonal carcinoma also had poor
      outcomes. Patients with a mature teratoma had 5- and 10-year survival rates of
      93% each. Patients with an immature teratoma had 5- and 10-year survival rates of
      86% each, whereas patients who had a teratoma with malignant transformation had a
      3-year survival rate of 50%. Patients with a germinoma had a 5-year survival rate
      of 96% and a 10-year survival rate of 93%. These results may bring into question
      the validity of the germ cell theory because germinoma, which should be the most
      undifferentiated tumor according to the theory, was the most benign and
      choriocarcinoma and yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor), which should be the
      most differentiated tumors, were the most malignant according to results obtained
      during the follow-up study. CONCLUSIONS: Germ cell tumors other than germinomas
      may not originate from one single type of cell (primordial germ cells). The
      embryonic cells of various stages of embryogenesis may perhaps be misplaced in
      the bilaminar embryonic disc at the time of the primitive streak formation,
      becoming involved in the stream of lateral mesoderm and carried to the neural
      plate area to become incorrectly enfolded into the brain at the time of neural
      tube formation. The author propounds the following hypothesis: tumors composed of
      cells resembling the cells that appear in the earlier stages of embryogenesis
      (ontogenesis) are more malignant than those composed of cells resembling the
      cells that appear in the later stages of embryogenesis.

PMID- 9950497
TI  - Benign cerebellar astrocytomas in children.
AB  - OBJECT: Cerebellar astrocytomas are benign tumors of childhood known to be
      associated with excellent long-term survival in patients in whom complete
      surgical resection is possible. However, the roles of other factors--clinical,
      radiological, histological, and therapeutic--in the survival of the patient,
      tumor recurrence, and long-term patient outcome remain imprecise. The goal of
      this study was to examine these factors and their relationships. METHODS: To
      clarify these issues a retrospective review was conducted of 168 children who
      were surgically treated for a cerebellar astrocytoma at Hopital Necker-Enfants
      Malades between 1955 and 1995. These patients' clinical files were examined, the
      histological characteristics of their tumors were reviewed, and their outcomes
      were assessed according to Bloom's scale and the Wechsler intelligence quotient
      test. Of the 168 patients in the study, 91 were male and 77 were female with a
      mean age of 6.9 years and a mean follow up lasting 7.7 years. Tumors were
      identified as being strictly located in the cerebellum in 76.2% of the patients
      and as involving the brainstem (referred to as the "transitional form") in 23.8%
      of the patients. Complete surgical excision was possible in 88.7% of cases. There
      was a total mortality rate of 4.2% and a tumor recurrence rate of 9.5%. Fifty
      eight percent of the patients had no neurological sequelae at follow-up
      evaluation. Pejorative factors that were discovered by multivariate analysis to
      be important included: a long preoperative duration of symptoms and the
      transitional form of tumor with respect to survival; incomplete tumor excision
      with respect to an increased risk of recurrence; and a long preoperative duration
      of symptoms, an early epoch during which surgery was performed (1955-1974),
      severe ventricular dilation, and the transitional form of tumor with respect to a
      poorer long-term patient outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of brainstem
      involvement (tumor in the transitional form) emerged as a significant negative
      prognostic factor and should be treated as a distinct nosological entity. The
      extent of surgical excision has a significant bearing on the risk of tumor
      recurrence.

PMID- 9950498
TI  - Epilepsy in children with shunted hydrocephalus.
AB  - OBJECT: The incidence of epilepsy among children with hydrocephalus and its
      relation to shunts and their complications, raised intracranial pressure (ICP),
      and developmental outcome are explored in a retrospective study. METHODS: The
      authors studied a series of 802 children with hydrocephalus due to varying
      causes, who were treated by ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement between 1980 and
      1990, with a mean follow-up period of 8 years. Patients who had tumoral
      hydrocephalus and those whose files lacked significant data were excluded. Data
      extracted from medical records, including history of the hydrocephalus and
      history of seizures, if any, were analyzed. Thirty-two percent of the children
      had epilepsy, the onset of which frequently occurred at approximately the same
      time that the diagnosis of hydrocephalus was made. The majority of the affected
      children had severe uncontrolled epilepsy. The incidence of epilepsy was
      significantly affected by the original cause of the hydrocephalus. The presence
      of radiological abnormalities was also found to be a significant predictor of
      epilepsy. Similarly, shunt complications predisposed to epilepsy. Episodes of
      raised ICP related to hydrocephalus or in association with shunt malfunction may
      also predispose to epileptic seizures. Furthermore, the presence of a shunt by
      itself seems able to promote an epileptogenic focus. Finally, epilepsy appears to
      be an important predictor of poor intellectual outcome in hydrocephalic children
      with shunts. CONCLUSIONS: A prospective study is needed to identify clearly and
      confirm avoidable factors predisposing to seizures in these children so that we
      can strive to reduce the incidence of these seizures and, subsequently, improve
      these children's quality of life.

PMID- 9950499
TI  - Bilateral decrease in interictal hippocampal blood flow in unilateral
      mesiotemporal epilepsy.
AB  - OBJECT: The goal of this study was to determine whether regional cerebral blood
      flow (rCBF) changes that were found contralaterally to a verified unilateral
      epileptic focus were associated with the spatiotemporal organization of epileptic
      abnormalities. METHODS: The CBF in both hippocampi was assessed using stable Xe
      enhanced computerized tomography in a series of 19 patients with unilateral
      mesiotemporal epilepsy. Results were compared according to the distribution of
      interictal spiking and the spatiotemporal organization of the ictal discharges as
      determined by stereoelectroencephalography. Two groups were defined: in Group 1
      (nine patients), the discharge remained unilateral; in Group 2 (10 patients), the
      discharge spread to contralateral mesiotemporal structures. For Group 1, the
      rates of ipsi- and contralateral hippocampal blood flow (HBF) were 32.88+/-15.53
      and 45.88+/-17.19 ml/100 g/minute, respectively, whereas in Group 2 they were
      36.7+/-11.54 and 36.4+/-11.27 ml/100 g/minute (mean+/-standard deviation). A two
      way analysis of variance combining type of seizure (Group 1 compared with Group
      2) and HBF (ipsi- compared with contralateral absolute values) demonstrated a
      main effect for HBF (F[1,17] = 5.051; p = 0.0382), a significant interaction
      between the two factors (F[1,17] = 6.188; p = 0.0235), and no main effect for
      type of seizure (F[1,17] = 0.258; p = 0.6178). CONCLUSIONS: In unilateral
      mesiotemporal epilepsy, asymmetrical interictal hippocampal perfusion was
      correlated with restricted unilateral ictal discharges, whereas bilateral
      hippocampal hypoperfusion was correlated with ictal discharges spreading to the
      contralateral mesiotemporal structures. The lack of correlation between the
      degree of hypoperfusion and the percentage of neuron cell loss indicated that the
      decrease in rCBF has both functional and lesional origins.

PMID- 9950500
TI  - Combining endovascular and neurosurgical treatments of high-risk dural
      arteriovenous fistulas in the lateral sinus and the confluence of the sinuses.
AB  - OBJECT: The authors describe the use of a systemic approach to treat dural
      arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) in the lateral sinus and the confluence of sinuses
      in 17 patients who presented with signs and symptoms related to intracranial
      hemorrhage, infarction, and diffuse brain swelling. METHODS: Angiographic
      examination revealed three different types of DAVFs in these high-risk patients:
      1) extremely high flow DAVF not associated with sinus occlusion or leptomeningeal
      retrograde venous drainage (LRVD); 2) localized DAVF with exclusive LRVD and
      without sinus occlusion; and 3) diffuse DAVF with sinus occlusion and LRVD.
      Because of the complex nature of these lesions, the authors adopted a staged
      protocol in which they combined endovascular and surgical treatments.
      CONCLUSIONS: The authors believe that by close collaboration between endovascular
      therapists and vascular neurosurgeons, high-risk DAVFs in the lateral sinus and
      the confluence of sinuses can be successfully managed without treatment-related
      morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 9950501
TI  - Early changes measured by magnetic resonance imaging in cerebral blood flow,
      blood volume, and blood-brain barrier permeability following dexamethasone
      treatment in patients with brain tumors.
AB  - OBJECT: In this study the authors assessed the early changes in brain tumor
      physiology associated with glucocorticoid administration. Glucocorticoids have a
      dramatic effect on symptoms in patients with brain tumors over a time scale
      ranging from minutes to a few hours. Previous studies have indicated that
      glucocorticoids may act either by decreasing cerebral blood volume (CBV) or blood
      tumor barrier (BTB) permeability and thereby the degree of vasogenic edema.
      METHODS: Using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the authors examined the acute
      changes in CBV, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and BTB permeability to gadolinium
      diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid after administration of dexamethasone in six
      patients with brain tumors. In patients with acute decreases in BTB permeability
      after dexamethasone administration, changes in the degree of edema were assessed
      using the apparent diffusion coefficient of water. CONCLUSIONS: Dexamethasone was
      found to cause a dramatic decrease in BTB permeability and regional CBV but no
      significant changes in CBF or the degree of edema. The authors found that MR
      imaging provides a powerful tool for investigating the pathophysiological changes
      associated with the clinical effects of glucocorticoids.

PMID- 9950502
TI  - Multiple genetic aberrations including evidence of chromosome 11q13 rearrangement
      detected in pituitary adenomas by comparative genomic hybridization.
AB  - OBJECT: This study was conducted to determine whether comparative genomic
      hybridization (CGH) is a more sensitive method for detecting genetic aberrations
      than other tests currently in use. METHODS: The authors used CGH to examine 40
      primary and 13 recurrent adenomas obtained from 52 patients for loss and gain of
      genetic material. Copy number aberrations (CNAs) were detected in 25 (48%) of the
      52 patients studied. The chromosomes affected were, in order of decreasing
      frequency, 11, 7, X, 1, 8, 13, 5, 14, 2, 6, 9, 10, 12, 3, 18, 21, 4, 16, 15, 19,
      22, and Y. Endocrinologically active adenomas were more likely to contain (p =
      0.009) and had a greater number (p = 0.003) of CNAs. Of 26 adenomas with CNAs, 18
      showed multiple aberrations involving entire chromosomes or chromosome arms. The
      most frequent CNA involving a chromosome subregion, which was present in four
      (8%) of 53 adenomas, was the loss of all chromosome 11 material except for a
      preserved common segment containing 11q13. Immunoperoxidase staining did not
      detect cyclin D1 expression in those four cases, making cyclin D1 an unlikely
      target of this rearrangement. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that genetic
      abnormalities are present in pituitary adenomas at a higher rate than previously
      reported, are associated with endocrinological activity, and often involve
      several chromosomes. Rearrangement at 11q13 may inactivate a tumor suppressor
      gene or activate an oncogene that is important in the initiation or progression
      of sporadic pituitary adenomas.

PMID- 9950503
TI  - Variables affecting convection-enhanced delivery to the striatum: a systematic
      examination of rate of infusion, cannula size, infusate concentration, and tissue
      cannula sealing time.
AB  - OBJECT: Although recent studies have shown that convection can be used to
      distribute macromolecules within the central nervous system (CNS) in a
      homogeneous, targeted fashion over clinically significant volumes and that the
      volume of infusion and target location (gray as opposed to white matter)
      influence distribution, little is known about other factors that may influence
      optimum use of convection-enhanced distribution. To understand the variables that
      affect convective delivery more fully, we examined the rate of infusion, delivery
      cannula size, concentration of infusate, and preinfusion sealing time. METHODS:
      The authors used convection to deliver 4 microl of 14C-albumin to the striatum of
      40 rats. The effect of the rate of infusion (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 microl/minute),
      cannula size (32, 28, and 22 gauge), concentration of infusate (100%, 50%, and
      25%), and preinfusion sealing time (0 and 70 minutes) on convective delivery was
      examined using quantitative autoradiography, National Institutes of Health image
      analysis software, scintillation analysis, and histological analysis. Higher
      rates of infusion (1 and 5 microl/minute) caused significantly (p < 0.05) more
      leakback of infusate (22.7+/-11.7% and 30.3+/-7.8% [mean+/-standard deviation],
      respectively) compared with lower rates (0.1 microl/minute [4+/-3.6%] and 0.5
      microl/minute [5.2+/-3.6%]). Recovery of infusate was significantly (p < 0.05)
      higher at the infusion rate of 0.1 microl/minute (95.1+/-2.8%) compared with
      higher rates (85.2+/-4%). The use of large cannulae (28 and 22 gauge) produced
      significantly (p < 0.05) more leakback (35.7+/-8.1% and 21.1+/-7.5%,
      respectively) than the smaller cannula (32 gauge [5.2+/-3.6%]). Varying the
      concentration of the infusate and the preinfusion sealing time did not alter the
      volume of distribution, regional distribution, or infusate recovery. CONCLUSIONS:
      Rate of infusion and cannula size can significantly affect convective
      distribution of molecules, whereas preinfusion sealing time and variations in
      infusate concentration have no effect in this small animal model. Understanding
      the parameters that influence convective delivery within the CNS can be used to
      enhance delivery of potentially therapeutic agents in an experimental setting and
      to indicate the variables that will need to be considered for optimum use of this
      approach for drug delivery in the clinical setting.

PMID- 9950504
TI  - Comparison of 14C-sucrose delivery to the brain by intravenous, intraventricular,
      and convection-enhanced intracerebral infusion.
AB  - OBJECT: The authors evaluated convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of 14C-sucrose
      to the rat brain as a method of enhancing cerebral drug delivery and compared it
      with intravenous (i.v.) and intraventricular (i.v.t.) routes of administration.
      METHODS: Groups of rats received 14C-sucrose by bolus i.v. infusion, i.v.t.
      infusion for 1, 2, or 7 days at 0.17 microl/minute, or CED at rates from 0.01 to
      0.5 microl/minute for periods from 1 hour to 7 days. Radioisotope distribution
      and concentration in tissue were analyzed using quantitative autoradiography.
      Intravenously administered sucrose reached the entire brain, but levels in tissue
      were low. After i.v.t. administration, sucrose levels in tissue were high at, and
      declined exponentially away from, the ventricular surface. Chronic CED
      administration maintained high levels of sucrose in tissue that focally were up
      to 10,000 times higher than in the i.v. group. The isotope distribution pattern
      after chronic CED infusions indicated a central component that resulted from
      convention and a peripheral component in gray matter that was the result of
      diffusion. The brain influx (0.42 microl/g/min) and diffusion constants of
      sucrose (2.8 x 10(-6) cm2/second) were similar to reported values. The total
      brain efflux constant was 0.0044 minute, whereas the blood-brain barrier (BBB)
      efflux constant was 0.0016 minute. There were no pathological changes in the
      brains after CED except those associated with cannula insertion. Sucrose, which
      was thought to be inert, was found to interact with brain tissue; up to 25% was
      bound to an unidentified tissue component. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic CED appears to be
      a potentially useful method for significantly circumventing the BBB and
      increasing delivery of water-soluble drugs to the brain.

PMID- 9950505
TI  - A comparative study of the effects of two nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and
      two nitric oxide donors on temporary focal cerebral ischemia in the Wistar rat.
AB  - OBJECT: A critical review of the literature indicates that the effects of nitric
      oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors on focal cerebral ischemia are contradictory. In
      this experiment the authors methodically examined the dose-dependent effects of
      two NOS inhibitors and two NO donors on cortical infarction volume in an animal
      model of temporary focal cerebral ischemia simulating potential ischemia during
      neurovascular interventions. METHODS: Ninety-two Wistar rats underwent 3 hours of
      combined left middle cerebral artery and bilateral common carotid artery
      occlusion after having been anesthetized with 1% halothane. A nonselective NOS
      inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME), and two NO donors, 3
      morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride and NOC-18, DETA/NO, (Z)-1-[2(2-aminoethyl)-N
      (2-ammonioethyl)amino]diazen-1-i um-1,2-diolate, were administered intravenously
      30 minutes before ischemia was induced. A selective neuronal NOS inhibitor, 7
      nitroindazole (7-NI), was administered intraperitoneally in dimethyl sulfoxide
      (DMSO) 60 minutes before ischemia was induced. Two ischemic control groups, to
      which either saline or DMSO was administered, were also included in this study.
      Seventy-two hours after flow restoration, the animals were perfused with
      tetrazolium chloride for histological evaluation. Cortical infarction volume was
      significantly reduced by 71% in the group treated with 1 mg/kg L-NAME when
      compared with the saline-treated ischemic control group (27.1+/-37 mm3 compared
      with 92.5+/-26 mm3, p < 0.05). The NOS inhibitor 7-NI significantly reduced
      cortical infarction volume by 70% and by 92% at doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg: 35.2+/
      32 mm3 (p < 0.05) and 9+/-13 mm3 (p < 0.005), respectively, when compared with
      the DMSO-treated ischemic control group (119+/-43 mm3). There was no significant
      difference between the saline-treated and DMSO-treated ischemic control groups.
      Treatment with NO donors did not significantly alter cortical infarction volume.
      CONCLUSIONS: These results support an important role for NO in ischemic
      neurotoxicity and indicate that neuronal NOS inhibition may be valuable in
      reducing cortical injury in patients suffering temporary focal cerebral ischemia
      during neurovascular procedures.

PMID- 9950507
TI  - Central neurocytoma: morphological, flow cytometric, polymerase chain reaction,
      fluorescence in situ hybridization, and karyotypic analyses. Case report.
AB  - The results of cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis of a central
      neurocytoma are presented. Central neurocytomas are intriguing neoplasms that
      exhibit primarily neuronal, but also glial characteristics, which indicate an
      origin from a pluripotential neuroglial precursor. The authors describe an
      intraventricular neurocytoma in an 11-year-old boy that showed anaplastic
      features with widespread necrosis and mitoses, as well as extensive calcification
      and foci that exhibited marked neuronal differentiation with clusters of ganglion
      cells. Immunohistochemical examination showed prominent synaptophysin and
      neurofilament positivity and focal glial fibrillary acidic protein positivity.
      Electron microscopy revealed abundant neuritic processes with microtubules and
      dense core granules as well as mature ganglion cells. Flow cytometry studies
      revealed increased S (7.8%) and G2M (9.7%) phase components. Molecular and
      cytogenetic studies were undertaken to assess whether there were similarities to
      two other tumor types that exhibit neuronal differentiation, the neuroblastoma
      and medulloblastoma. Polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ
      hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed no evidence of amplification of the MYCN
      oncogene or chromosome 1p deletion, which are common in neuroblastomas.
      Chromosomal analysis by G banding revealed a complex karyotype, with counts in
      the near-diploidy range (45-48). Two chromosomes 1 appeared normal on G banding
      and FISH analysis, with p58 signals present on the distal p arm of both
      chromosomes 1; however, three additional copies of distal 1q were present in
      rearrangements with 4 and 7. Although the histological findings indicate a
      kinship to the neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma, the central neurocytoma appears
      to have a different karyotypic profile, although more cases need to be assessed
      using molecular genetic analysis.

PMID- 9950506
TI  - Hypothermia: depression of tricarboxylic acid cycle flux and evidence for pentose
      phosphate shunt upregulation.
AB  - OBJECT: Hypothermia is used in neurosurgery and other surgical disciplines to
      reduce tissue injury, but the mechanism of such protection remains elusive. The
      authors have endeavored to delineate the mechanism of neural protection afforded
      by hypothermia through a study of glucose metabolism. METHODS: Nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy was used to follow the carbon-13 label from [1-13C]glucose
      as it was metabolized through the glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid pathways.
      Male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained at either 37.5 degrees C or 31 degrees C
      and infused with labeled glucose for 10, 30, 60, 100, or 200 minutes (five rats
      were used for each time point and for each temperature). At the end of the
      infusion period, the rats' brains were subjected to rapid freeze-funnel fixation.
      Water-soluble metabolites were extracted from samples of the neocortex and
      hippocampus by using perchloric acid extraction. The fractional enrichment of
      these metabolites was used to calculate the reaction rate constant of formation
      and steady-state enrichment for a number of metabolites. Hypothermia resulted in
      a 30 to 40% depression of metabolism (p < 0.0001) in both the neocortex and
      hippocampus. Steady-state fractional enrichment of metabolites was also decreased
      by 20 to 25% with hypothermia (p < 0.0001), implying a loss of label during
      metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that an increased
      fraction of glucose metabolism was shunted through the pentose phosphate pathway
      in the presence of hypothermia.

PMID- 9950508
TI  - Malignant intravascular lymphomatosis associated with venous stenosis. Case
      report.
AB  - This 55-year-old man presented with malignant intravascular lymphomatosis, a rare
      vascular disorder of the central nervous system characterized by proliferation of
      malignant lymphoma cells. The clinical manifestations were focal neurological
      signs and progressive dementia. Angiography demonstrated stenoses of the cortical
      veins. Postmortem examination revealed infiltration of tumor cells into the lumen
      and vascular wall, although the stenoses were caused primarily by fibrin thrombi.
      To the authors' knowledge this is the first case of malignant intravascular
      lymphomatosis associated with venous stenosis.

PMID- 9950509
TI  - Hemangiopericytoma of the third ventricle. Case report.
AB  - The authors present the first reported case of a hemangiopericytoma (HPC)
      occurring in the third ventricle. Most of these lesions are based in the
      meninges. There is only one other reported case of an intraventricular HPC; in
      that case the lesion was found in the lateral ventricle. A 40-year-old right
      handed man presented with a 3-month history of headaches. Clinical evaluation,
      including computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies,
      revealed a 1-cm enhancing lesion in the third ventricle. Given the findings on
      the preoperative imaging studies, the lesion was not consistent with some of the
      more commonly occurring tumors of the third ventricle, namely colloid cysts. A
      transcortical approach and resection of the lesion was performed without
      complication. The final pathological findings were consistent with those of an
      HPC. Hemangiopericytomas rarely occur in the ventricles and may pose a difficult
      diagnostic dilemma based on their radiographic and gross appearances, as shown in
      this case. Because of this difficulty, histological confirmation is required to
      make a definitive diagnosis. These lesions have a propensity to recur and
      metastasize in the central nervous system and periphery, thus making the goal of
      treatment a complete surgical resection followed by postoperative radiation
      therapy in most cases.

PMID- 9950510
TI  - Optic chiasm diastasis in a pituitary tumor. Case illustration.

PMID- 9950511
TI  - The peer-review process of the Journal of Neurosurgery.
AB  - Peer review is the process by which scientific articles are evaluated and
      selected for publication. To clarify this procedure for readers and writers, the
      authors present a detailed description of peer review at the Journal of
      Neurosurgery (JNS) in the context of other journals. They discuss the unique
      characteristics of JNS's peer-review process and how it contributes to the
      quality of the JNS.

PMID- 9950512
TI  - Clinical examination and shunt failure.

PMID- 9950513
TI  - Reversal of vasospasm.

PMID- 9950514
TI  - Catamenial mononeuropathy and radiculopathy.

PMID- 9950515
TI  - Hearing preservation in vestibular schwannoma surgery.

PMID- 9950517
TI  - Vertebral artery injury with transarticular screws.

PMID- 9950516
TI  - Evoked potentials.

PMID- 9950518
TI  - Scientific Program of the 1999 Annual Meeting of the American Association of
      Neurological Surgeons. Ernest N. Morial Convention Center, New Orleans,
      Louisiana. April 24-29, 1999.

PMID- 9950519
TI  - Large arteriovenous malformations of the face: aesthetic results with recurrence
      control.
AB  - Large facial arteriovenous malformations are problematic for patients because of
      grotesque disfigurement, risk of rapid enlargement, and life-threatening rupture.
      Successful treatment of these relentless complex lesions is one of the most
      difficult challenges facing plastic surgeons. From a series of 300 large facial
      arteriovenous malformations, 85 patients were treated with embolization and
      excision; six of these cases (representing six separate anatomic regions: labial,
      auricular, eyelid, cheek, chin, and occipitoparietal) were selected for review.
      The purpose of this article was to look critically at the management of these six
      facial arteriovenous malformations, including patient presentation, angiographic
      procedures, surgical planning and technique, and postoperative long-term follow
      up care. Lessons learned from the six representative cases provide clues for the
      management of large facial arteriovenous malformations and demonstrate the
      possibilities of recurrence and their occasionally relentless behavior. The cases
      show that long-term control of these lesions with acceptable aesthetic results
      can be achieved. The mainstay of treatment includes the following: (1) selective
      intra-arterial embolization with fine catheters and direct lesional embolization;
      (2) judicious resection and reconstruction with local or expanded tissue flaps;
      and (3) careful follow-up with serial examinations, duplex, and arteriography.

PMID- 9950520
TI  - Successful distraction osteogenesis across a growing cranial suture without an
      osteotomy.
AB  - The application of distraction osteogenesis to the membranous bones of the
      craniofacial skeleton and its effects on cranial volume and overall skull shape
      have not been fully studied. This pilot study was designed to compare distraction
      of a cranial suture in the rabbit model with distraction across an osteotomy and
      to evaluate the response of the suture both grossly and histologically.
      Additionally, the need for a period of rigid fixation after distraction was
      evaluated. Calibrated distraction of either the coronal suture or an osteotomy in
      the midsection of the parietal bone using an internal distractor (Synthes
      Maxillofacial, Paoli, Pa.) was studied in juvenile and adult New Zealand White
      rabbits. Skull growth and distraction were followed by serial cephalograms, and
      bone biopsies of the distracted sites were obtained after death for histologic
      evaluation. Craniometric analysis of the skulls was also performed. There was
      significantly greater mean marker separation in the juvenile suture distraction
      group (6.6 +/- 0.2 mm; n = 3) than in the control group (2.2 +/- 0.2 mm; p <
      0.01). Marker separation was also significantly greater across the parietal
      osteotomy (6.4 +/- 0.1 mm) than in the sham group (no marker separation).
      Craniometric data demonstrated the ability of the juvenile skull to distribute
      the change at the coronal suture throughout the skull to maintain symmetry and
      minimize disproportion. No distraction was obtained across the adult suture. In
      the juvenile suture distraction group without a period of stable fixation, a
      relapse of 17 +/- 6 percent was noted after 1 week, an additional 2.3 +/- 0.5
      percent after the second week, and no further change in the third postdistraction
      week (n = 2; p < 0.01). These results show that in this animal model, distraction
      osteogenesis can be achieved across a growing cranial suture without an osteotomy
      or suturectomy and that the degree of distraction and new bone formation is
      comparable to that across an osteotomy. This suggests that cranial expansion can
      be obtained in a growing animal without using a more invasive cranial osteotomy.
      Additionally, the first week after distraction seems to be the most critical time
      period to maintain stable fixation.

PMID- 9950522
TI  - Analysis and treatment of severe trigonocephaly.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of seven patients with clinically severe trigonocephaly
      was performed, including a review of preoperative and postoperative computed
      tomography scans. A method of analyzing the trigonocephalic deformity was
      developed. This is based on determination of the angular severity of the forehead
      (110 +/- 4 degrees) and the length of half of the supraorbital bar (40 +/- 3 mm).
      This central angle was found to be relatively constant in this population. Using
      simple trigonometric relationships, a rationale for the alternative method of
      reconstruction used in these patients is presented. This technique is based on
      transverse expansion of the supraorbital bar, transposition of the lateral
      orbital rim, expansion of the temporal fossa, and recontouring the orbital
      aperture. As a separate consideration and step, the bony interorbital distance is
      widened.

PMID- 9950521
TI  - Analysis of posterior plagiocephaly: deformational versus synostotic.
AB  - Appropriate management of posterior plagiocephaly requires differentiation of
      occipitoparietal flattening caused by lambdoid synostosis from that caused by
      deformational forces. In a 2 1/2-year prospective study of 115 infants presenting
      with unilateral posterior cranial flattening, only one child had synostotic
      posterior plagiocephaly (lambdoid synostosis), whereas 114 infants had
      deformational posterior plagiocephaly. Deformational occipitoparietal flattening
      was more common on the right (61 percent) than on the left (30 percent), and
      minor contralateral frontal flattening was not unusual (52 percent). The
      ipsilateral ear was anteriorly displaced in virtually all infants (97 percent).
      Some infants had ipsilateral torticollis (19 percent); a few had contralateral
      torticollis (8 percent). Gender ratio was 3:1, male:female. A total of 114
      infants with deformational posterior plagiocephaly were treated conservatively
      either by head positioning in the crib (n = 63) or with a molding helmet (n =
      51). Outcome was assessed by pretreatment and posttreatment anthropometry on 53
      of these infants, who were either positioned (n = 17) or helmeted (n = 36).
      Improvement occurred in 52 of 53 patients (mean follow-up 4.6 months), i.e., the
      difference in length between the long and short transcranial axis diminished in
      52 infants (mean 1.2 to 0.7 cm), did not progress in any child, and was unchanged
      in one infant. At an average age of 10 months, posterior cranial symmetry was
      better in infants treated with a helmet (mean difference 0.6 cm) than in those
      managed by positioning (mean difference 1.0 cm) (p < 0.001). Age at initiation of
      helmet therapy (from 2 to 9 months) was unrelated to rate of improvement. In a 10
      year retrospective study, the authors identified 12 infants who had an operation
      for posterior plagiocephaly. All but one had confirmed premature lambdoid fusion;
      thus, this condition accounted for 3.4 percent of all primary operations
      performed for craniosynostosis during this decade (n = 323). In retrospect, the
      physical findings of synostotic posterior plagiocephaly were not clearly
      different from those of deformational posterior plagiocephaly. Plain radiography
      was sometimes used to confirm the clinical diagnosis. Neither sutural narrowing,
      deep interdigitations, nor perisutural sclerosis indicated lambdoid synostosis.
      Computed tomography (CT) was necessary if the physical findings were suspicious
      for lambdoid synostosis or if plain films did not give a definitive diagnosis.
      Axial CT scans (n = 7) showed a symmetric forehead in all but one patient with
      lambdoid synostosis. CT studies also demonstrated that auricular position was
      indeterminate in synostotic posterior plagiocephaly, being anterior, posterior,
      or symmetric, whereas the ipsilateral ear was virtually always anterior in
      deformational posterior plagiocephaly.

PMID- 9950523
TI  - Fetal unilateral cleft lip and palate: detection of enzymic anomalies in the
      amniotic fluid.
AB  - Aims of this study were to evaluate whether it is possible to determine, by means
      of isoelectric focusing, an enzymic differentiation in human amniotic fluid, and
      whether the onset of fetal cleft lip and palate is accompanied by a pathologic
      enzymatic differentiation pattern in amniotic fluid. From January of 1993 to June
      of 1996, amniotic fluid samples from 315 healthy pregnant women (ages 22 to 43
      years, mean 37 years; gestational age 14 to 22 weeks, mean 17 weeks) were
      examined. The normality of all pregnancies was confirmed at birth. Moreover,
      amniotic fluid samples were examined from three pregnancies (ages 36, 35, and 30
      years; gestational ages 16, 18, 24 weeks) with fetal unilateral cleft lip and
      palate (confirmed at birth), diagnosed by ultrasound. The authors have tested as
      "metabolic" markers the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase.
      For the concentration rates of both the tested enzymes, a statistically
      significant difference (p = 0.003) was found between amniotic fluid samples
      obtained from normal and affected pregnancies. These data, in the authors'
      opinion, corroborate the hypothesis that a local metabolic impairment is somehow
      involved in the pathogenesis of cleft lip and palate.

PMID- 9950524
TI  - Experience with the rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap with vascularized hard
      tissue for immediate orbitofacial reconstruction.
AB  - For a considerable tissue defect of the orbitofacial region after skull base or
      head and neck tumor en bloc extirpation, we have developed the "flying buttress"
      technique using the vascularized hard tissue rather than the multi-stage
      operative method using bone graft or alloplastic materials. The procedure
      reconstructs the inferior orbital rim and the zygomatic prominence--flying
      buttresses bridging transversely in a missing face--with free flap coverage,
      simultaneously in the primary surgery so that the bony structure is maintained
      for years and ptosis of a large flap is minimized. We prefer to use the rectus
      abdominis myocutaneous flap for tissue restoration and two types of vascularized
      hard tissue: the costal cartilages combined with the flap and the temporalis
      muscle-pedicled calvarial bone. Representative cases are illustrated and the
      technique is detailed.

PMID- 9950525
TI  - Factors associated with complications in microvascular reconstruction of head and
      neck defects.
AB  - The use of microvascular free tissue transfer has allowed the reconstruction of
      increasingly complex defects in higher risk patients after head and neck cancer
      resections. However, the combination of these factors also gives rise to a higher
      risk for the development of complications. This study was performed to establish
      the pretreatment factors associated with complication development after
      microvascular free tissue transfer for the reconstruction of defects resulting
      from head and neck cancer ablations, with particular attention to the role of
      comorbid conditions. A retrospective cohort study was conducted including 200
      consecutive microvascular free tissue transfers performed for the reconstruction
      of surgical defects in the head and neck region at a single tertiary care
      institution. Comorbidity severity was assessed using the Charlson comorbidity
      index, a novel approach to comorbid staging in this setting. The flap survival
      rate was 98 percent. Complications developed in 56 cases (28 percent), with
      multiple complications occurring in 21 of these cases (10.5 percent). Univariate
      analysis revealed that prior radiation treatment (p = 0.03), anesthesia time over
      10 hours (0.05), and advanced Charlson comorbidity grade (0.002) were associated
      with an increased risk for the development of complications. However, only the
      presence of advanced Charlson grade proved significant after multivariate
      analysis (odds ratio 3.9; 95 percent CI = 1.5 to 10.1). In addition, increasing
      Charlson grade (p = 0.003) and age over 70 years (p = 0.04) correlated with
      increasing complication severity. Systemic complications occurred in 28 patients
      (14 percent), with advanced Charlson grade being the only significant factor
      associated with the development of complications after controlling for
      confounding factors (odds ratio 3.8; 95 percent CI = 1.5 to 9.7). In patients
      over 70 years of age, increasing operative time also impacted on the development
      of systemic complications (p = 0.002), especially in patients with advanced
      Charlson grades (0.01). Recipient site complications occurred in 30 patients (15
      percent), with history of prior radiation therapy being the only factor
      associated with increased risk by multivariate analysis (odds ratio 2.5; 95
      percent CI = 1.1 to 5.7). No factors predicted the development of donor-site
      complications, which occurred in 11 cases (5.5 percent). The median hospital stay
      for the entire population was 16 days. The development of complications increased
      the median hospital stay by 7.5 days (p < 0.001). The effect of the development
      of complication on hospital stay remained significant even after controlling for
      the effects of confounding variables (relative risk = 9.87; 95 percent CI = 5.9
      to 19.9). Microvascular surgery is a highly successful and relatively safe method
      for the reconstruction of large head and neck defects. The Charlson comorbidity
      index grading may be useful for identifying patients at increased risk for the
      development of complications after microvascular reconstruction, allowing for
      improved perioperative planning. In addition, patients with prior radiation
      exposure have a significantly higher risk for developing complications at the
      recipient site. Although advanced age is not associated with an increased risk
      for complications, older patients may be more sensitive to the effects of
      prolonged anesthesia and are likely to develop more severe complications.

PMID- 9950526
TI  - Adult psychological functioning of individuals born with craniofacial anomalies.
AB  - This study represents an initial investigation into the adult psychological
      functioning of individuals born with craniofacial disfigurement. A total of 24
      men and women born with a craniofacial anomaly completed paper and pencil
      measures of body image dissatisfaction, self-esteem, quality of life, and
      experiences of discrimination. An age- and gender-matched control group of 24 non
      facially disfigured adults also completed the measures. As expected,
      craniofacially disfigured adults reported greater dissatisfaction with their
      facial appearance than did the control group. Craniofacially disfigured adults
      also reported significantly lower levels of self-esteem and quality of life.
      Dissatisfaction with facial appearance, self-esteem, and quality of life were
      related to self-ratings of physical attractiveness. More than one-third of
      craniofacially disfigured adults (38 percent) reported experiences of
      discrimination in employment or social settings. Among disfigured adults,
      psychological functioning was not related to number of surgeries, although the
      degree of residual facial deformity was related to increased dissatisfaction with
      facial appearance and greater experiences of discrimination. Results suggest that
      adults who were born with craniofacial disfigurement, as compared with non
      facially disfigured adults, experience greater dissatisfaction with facial
      appearance and lower self-esteem and quality of life; however, these experiences
      do not seem to be universal.

PMID- 9950527
TI  - The fetal cleft palate: I. Characterization of a congenital model.
AB  - Any animal model of a human congenital anomaly established by iatrogenic methods
      involving intrauterine fetal manipulation has limited clinical applicability. A
      congenital model that more closely simulates the etiopathogenesis of a human
      anomaly may provide data that can more readily be extrapolated to that anomaly
      and, therefore, be used in diagnostic and management strategies. The present work
      provides a description and characterization of a congenital model of cleft palate
      in the goat. Palatal shelf closure normally occurs at approximately day 38 of
      gestation in the caprine species. Sixteen pregnant goats were gavaged twice daily
      during gestational days 32 through 41 [term, 145 days] with a plant slurry of
      Nicotiana glauca containing the piperidine alkaloid teratogen anabasine. Gross
      analysis and measurement of fetal clefts were performed at 60, 70, and 85 days
      gestation (four fetuses were studied at each time point). Seventeen clefted kids
      were sacrificed at specific intervals after birth (2 weeks, and 1, 3, and 6
      months); after skull debridement and preparation, they were compared with 12
      unclefted control kids. Complete clefting of the secondary palate occurred in 97
      percent of the fetuses. In all cases, the cleft extended from the posterior
      aspect of the alveolar ridge to the uvula; the majority of these clefts were
      bilateral, with complete detachment of the vomer. Morphologically, these clefts
      were similar to human clefts. Eighteen percent of clefted newborn kids
      demonstrated gross maxillary hypoplasia and midfacial retrusion at birth with a
      relative Class III malocclusion. Direct measurement of the congenital caprine
      skulls confirmed these findings. The incidence of midfacial growth abnormalities
      in these clefted animals raises questions regarding the etiopathogenesis of
      facial dysmorphology that is unrelated to scarring of the maxilla. This
      congenital cleft palate model is currently being used to explore these questions
      and others related to craniofacial growth and palatal function after in utero
      repair.

PMID- 9950528
TI  - Advancement of the midface using distraction techniques.
AB  - Fourteen patients underwent Le Fort III midface advancement using distraction
      techniques. Six have cephalometric documentation extending beyond 1 year
      postoperatively, and the positions of cephalometric points A and orbitale over
      time are reported here. Excellent stability of advancement at the occlusal level
      and some relapse at the level of orbitale are documented. Elimination or
      diminution of obstructive sleep apnea occurred in all patients so affected, and
      one of two patients with tracheostomy has been decannulated. Speech effects have
      been mild or transient. No untoward effects on extraocular muscle function have
      occurred.

PMID- 9950529
TI  - Tongue reconstruction: outcomes with the rectus abdominis flap.
AB  - Advanced carcinoma of the oral cavity is a devastating disease, with the
      potential for severe speech and swallowing dysfunction. This is a retrospective
      review documenting the outcome of 14 patients who underwent resection of at least
      75 percent of their tongue with preservation of the larynx and an intact
      mandible. Reconstruction was accomplished with rectus abdominis free tissue
      transfer. There were seven male and seven female patients between the ages of 25
      and 77 years (mean, 55 years) who underwent total (eight patients) or subtotal
      (six patients) glossectomy and reconstruction. Decannulation of the tracheostomy
      tube was performed in 12 patients (86 percent) at an average of 3.5 months
      postoperatively. One patient required interval laryngectomy for intractable
      aspiration 1 month postoperatively. Independent evaluation of speech,
      articulation, and deglutition was performed. Fifty percent of patients achieved
      oral intake of pureed foods or better. Sixty-four percent had acceptable speech.
      Reconstruction with rectus abdominis free tissue transfer is a viable method for
      rehabilitation, improving quality of life after total or subtotal glossectomy
      with laryngeal preservation.

PMID- 9950530
TI  - Sensation recovery on innervated radial forearm flap for hemiglossectomy
      reconstruction by using different recipient nerves.
AB  - The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the extent of sensory recovery
      on hemitongues reconstructed with innervated radial forearm flaps and (2) to
      assess the influence of various clinical and surgical factors over the return of
      sensation, including the use of different recipient nerves for neurorrhaphy.
      Twenty-eight patients with tongue cancer who underwent hemiglossectomy and
      primary reconstruction with innervated radial forearm flaps over a 3-year period
      were studied. Mean postoperative follow-up was 18.2 months (range 6 to 32
      months). Sensory recovery was assessed in a blind manner by two examiners that
      used (1) static two-point discrimination, (2) light touch sensation, (3) pain
      perception, and (4) hot and cold temperature perception. Different surfaces were
      assessed with each method on the reconstructed hemitongue and on the intact
      contralateral hemitongue (used as control). The following factors and their
      relationship with flap sensory recovery were analyzed: age, smoking history, size
      of the reconstructed defect, administration of postoperative radiation therapy,
      recipient nerve, and neurorrhaphy technique. Comparative statistical analysis (p
      < 0.05) between both hemitongues was performed using paired t test followed by
      Bonferroni correction for static two-point discrimination and light touch
      sensation. Fisher exact test analysis was used for pinprick and hot and cold
      temperature perception. The control side was ignored in analyzing the effects of
      the risk factors. The tip, dorsal aspect, ventral surface, and floor of mouth on
      the reconstructed hemitongue had comparable static two-point discrimination when
      compared with the intact hemitongue. Light touch sensation was also similar in
      the tip and dorsal aspect of both hemitongues; however, a statistically
      significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed on the ventral surface and floor
      of mouth of the reconstructed hemitongues. Likewise, pain perception was
      significantly decreased in the floor of the mouth, compared with other surfaces.
      No clearly dependent association was established between return of flap sensation
      and age, tobacco use, and size of the reconstructed defect. Light touch
      sensation, pain, and temperature perception were significantly decreased when the
      patients had received postoperative radiation therapy. In addition, all four
      sensory tests were significantly diminished (p < 0.05) when the recipient nerve
      used for neurorrhaphy was a nerve other than the lingual or the inferior alveolar
      nerve, and also when an end-to-side nerve repair was used. Sensation recovery of
      the innervated radial forearm flap after hemitongue reconstruction approaches
      normal compared with the contralateral intact hemitongue. Lower return of
      sensation may be anticipated in patients who receive postoperative radiotherapy.
      Good recovery of sensation is predictable when either the lingual or inferior
      alveolar nerve is used for neurorrhaphy, in contrast to using other recipient
      nerves.

PMID- 9950531
TI  - Prefabricated free jejunal transfer: a new reconstructive technique for high
      pharyngeal defects.
AB  - A new method that uses a prefabricated free jejunal transfer has been applied to
      three cancer patients with pharyngoesophageal defects with a high pharyngeal
      deficit extending up to the nasopharynx. In this method, the jejunum harvested in
      the usual manner is divided into two segments with a single vascular pedicle. Its
      distal segment is used to reconstruct the cervical esophagus, and its proximal
      segment is turned over to create a mucosal patch to cover the high pharyngeal
      defects. The two segments are then co-apted in a side-by-side anastomosis. The
      esophagus can be reconstructed in a naturally straight shape without a curved
      portion or blind loop formation, thus leading to good swallowing function. In our
      series, all grafts survived well and there was no complication directly related
      to jejunal transfer. All patients could tolerate a soft diet without difficulty.
      This method is easy to perform and applicable to any shape or size of very high
      pharyngeal defects that cannot be reconstructed properly by other methods.
      Although patients with an advanced hypopharyngeal cancer usually have a poor
      prognosis, this technique allows a better quality of life for a probable short
      life span.

PMID- 9950533
TI  - Free split and segmental latissimus dorsi muscle transfer in one stage for facial
      reanimation.
AB  - The authors report the experience in facial reanimation using free innervated
      split and segmental latissimus dorsi muscle flap one-stage transfer in 86
      patients with longstanding facial palsy. The segmental latissimus dorsi was taken
      from the distal part of the muscle so that the muscle flap had an ultra-long
      neurovascular pedicle of 13 to 17.5 cm in length. The muscle flap was made
      thinner by splitting the segmental muscle. The split segmental muscle flap was
      transferred to the paralyzed side of the face with its ultra-long neurovascular
      pedicle passing through a tunnel in the upper lip to the normal side of the face.
      The neurovascular pedicle of the muscle flap was anastomosed with the facial
      nerve, artery, and veins, respectively, on the normal side of the face. The
      operation was designed without the cross-facial nerve graft stage. From 1986 to
      October of 1997, 86 patients with long-standing facial paralysis were treated in
      our department. The duration of facial palsy in this series ranged from 1.5 to 51
      years. A satisfactory result was obtained in 80 cases, evaluated at 8 months to 2
      years postoperatively. The expression movement of the soft tissues of the face
      can be seen not only over transferred muscle but also on the paralyzed muscle
      covered by the splitting muscle flap. It is supposed that this is the result of
      muscle-muscle neurolization. Study of 66 specimens of latissimus dorsi muscle in
      the cadavers is discussed.

PMID- 9950532
TI  - An ipsilateral superdrainaged transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for
      breast reconstruction.
AB  - A conventional single pedicled TRAM (transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous)
      flap is a musculocutaneous flap widely used for breast reconstruction. However,
      complications such as partial flap necrosis, fat necrosis, and fatty induration
      may occur as a result of unstable blood flow circulation to the flap. One major
      factor is venous congestion in the flap. In an effort to obtain more stable TRAM
      flap blood circulation, we anastomosed the ipsilateral deep inferior epigastric
      vein of a pedicled TRAM flap to the thoracodorsal vein. This procedure provides
      superdrainage by means of enhanced venous perfusion. This flap with superdrainage
      augmentation is referred to as a superdrainaged TRAM flap (12 patients). Changes
      in cutaneous blood flow were also assessed by measurement of cutaneous blood flow
      in zone IV using a laser blood flow meter (8 patients). The patients who
      underwent breast reconstructive surgery using this technique showed no evidence
      of postoperative complications such as flap necrosis, fat necrosis, or fatty
      induration. Satisfactory results were obtained during breast reconstruction in
      patients who had previously undergone a radical mastectomy with resultant large
      areas of tissue defects. In addition, the two patient groups, 12 patients with
      superdrainaged TRAM flap and 20 patients with single pedicled TRAM flap, were
      compared to assess differences in complications. The incidence of partial flap
      necrosis, fat necrosis, and fatty induration was lower among patients with
      superdrainaged flap than those with single pedicled flap.

PMID- 9950534
TI  - Digital images in the diagnosis of wound healing problems.
AB  - The use of digital wound images could allow remote consultation among patients,
      physicians, or other care-givers located at quite distant sites by means of the
      Internet. To evaluate the efficacy and validity of digital images for the
      evaluation of wounds, the ability and reliability of surgeons to diagnose and
      make treatment suggestions using digital images of several types of wounds were
      compared. Twenty-four wound images on 35-mm slides were selected for use in this
      study. Each slide image was digitized at 24-bit color with a resolution of 640
      pixels horizontal by 425 pixels vertical and stored as a JPEG file. These images
      were then presented as a slide show on a video monitor, with resolution set at
      640 x 480. Six physicians examined the images, first in digital format and later
      in the original slide form. Each observer assessed each wound and possible
      treatment options by filling out a questionnaire using a series of yes/no
      questions. For all observers, there was an 87 percent agreement between digital
      and slide images (p = 0.004). The agreement between the digital and slide images
      was measured for each individual observer using a kappa coefficient. The
      agreement level corresponded to the experience of the observer, with the kappa
      values ranging from greater than 0.8 (almost perfect agreement) for the attending
      plastic surgeon to just greater than 0.5 (moderate agreement) for the intern.
      With this study, the feasibility of distance wound consultation using digital
      images of a quality consistent with consumer-grade digital photography was
      demonstrated.

PMID- 9950535
TI  - Surgical reconstruction of the contracted eye socket and orbitozygomatic
      hypoplasia in a one-stage operation.
AB  - To correct the contracted eye socket and orbitozygomatic hypoplasia
      simultaneously secondary to previous surgery and radiotherapy, we employed a one
      stage surgical reconstruction that used a postauricular skin flap and temporal
      fascial flap, which were rotated for eye socket reconstruction and bone graft
      coverage. Hydroxyapatite was inserted as an onlay bone graft substitute to
      enlarge the orbitozygomatic region. In our 12-case experience the results were
      satisfying and encouraging with minor complications, which are presented.

PMID- 9950536
TI  - Venous drainage of the distally based lesser saphenous-sural veno
      neuroadipofascial pedicled fasciocutaneous flap: a radiographic perfusion study.
AB  - The drainage pathway of the distally based lesser saphenous-sural veno
      neuroadipofascial pedicled fasciocutaneous flap using accompanying arteries of
      the lesser saphenous vein and sural nerve as nutrient vessels of the flap was
      radiographically investigated using five fresh cadavers. Small long veins existed
      along the lesser saphenous vein, and they were considered to be concomitant veins
      of the accompanying arteries of the lesser saphenous veins. They anastomosed with
      the lesser saphenous vein in some places and played a role in bypassing valves in
      the lesser saphenous vein.

PMID- 9950537
TI  - Toe transplantation for isolated index finger amputations distal to the proximal
      interphalangeal joint.
AB  - Functional deficit following single distal index finger amputations has been
      considered insignificant, and reconstruction is usually not recommended. Herein,
      19 cases of second toe transplantation for reconstruction of isolated index
      finger amputation distal to the proximal interphalangeal joint are presented with
      long-term functional results. There are 14 men and 5 women. The average age was
      26 years. The toe transplantations were performed either as a primary procedure
      (5 patients) while the wounds were still open or as a secondary procedure (14
      patients) after the wounds healed. In 11 patients, the dominant hand was
      involved. All toes survived completely, although re-exploration was required in
      three cases (16 percent). The functional evaluation included (1) sensory
      recovery, where the average static and moving two-point discrimination were 8 mm
      (range 4 to 15 mm) and 6 mm (range 2 to 15 mm); (2) motor function, where the
      average of index-thumb pulp-to-pulp pinch compared with the normal hand was 67.5
      percent (range 36 to 96 percent); (3) average range of motion in index finger
      joints (extension/flexion), where metacarpophalangeal joint was 14/90, proximal
      interphalangeal joint was 0/94, and distal interphalangeal joint was 19/38; and
      (4) functional and cosmetic results, where percentage of involvement in daily
      activities and functional capacity of the reconstructed index were 69 percent and
      70.5 in average, respectively, over a total score of 100. Average scores of
      aesthetic appearance and acceptability of donor-site deformity were 74 and 87.5
      over a total score of 100, respectively. Toe transplantation for distal index
      finger amputations improved hand function when performed in selected patients
      with specific job requirements or high motivation.

PMID- 9950538
TI  - Classification of the first web space free flap of the foot and its applications
      in reconstruction of the hand.
AB  - Owing to its unique anatomic arterial supply and dual nerve innervation, the
      first web space of the foot can be used to harvest various sizes and shapes of
      flaps, which the authors have classified into four types according to their usage
      in hand reconstruction. This in turn depends on the site, shape, and size of the
      soft-tissue defect in the hand. Web skin flaps (n = 8) were used in prevention of
      contracture in the first web space and for proximal finger reconstruction. Two
      island skin flaps (n = 4) were used to resurface the pulp defect in two adjacent
      fingers. In severe adduction contracture of the first web space, fill-up web
      flaps (n = 10) were used to replace the volume defect after a release procedure
      in the hand. Adjuvant web flaps (n = 9) were used in wrap-around procedures, in
      dorsalis pedis flap transfer, and in vascularized joint transfer to supplement
      the main flaps and to restore sensation in the reconstructed area. In the past 10
      years up to February of 1998, a total of 31 patients with soft-tissue defects in
      the hand and fingers were reconstructed using the web space free flap with flap
      survival rate of 100 percent. The mean static 2-point discrimination was 8.5 (7.2
      to 10) mm, and the mean first web angle was 86 degrees. The advantage of the
      first web space flap from the foot is that it can easily be harvested to match
      various sizes and shapes of defects in the hand and fingers. In addition, because
      of the anatomic similarity in contour, thickness, texture, and nerve innervation
      with the hand, the sensory restoration is excellent with minimal morbidity at the
      donor site. By classifying the flaps into four types according to various sizes,
      shapes, and the site from which the flap are harvested, clinical usefulness in
      various types of hand and finger reconstruction was confirmed.

PMID- 9950539
TI  - Laparoscopic rectosigmoid colpopoiesis: does it benefit our transsexual patients?
AB  - When inversion of the combined penile and scrotal skin flaps for vaginoplasty in
      male-to-female transsexuals has not led to functional results, rectosigmoid
      colpopoiesis offers an immediate solution to a complicated and difficult problem.
      However, open colocolpopoiesis involves major surgery, and it may be associated
      with substantial extended morbidity and hospitalization, short- and long-term
      unfavorable results, and extensive scarring of the abdomen. To reduce this
      associated morbidity, we employ a laparoscopically assisted approach and a total
      laparoscopic rectosigmoid colpopoiesis. This procedure has been performed safely
      in the series presented herein, with no apparent compromise in the adequacy of
      the dissections. We conclude that our patients benefited from this procedure, and
      we advocate considering a total or partial laparoscopic approach whenever
      secondary rectosigmoid colpopoiesis is indicated in male-to-female transsexuals.

PMID- 9950540
TI  - The use of eccentric circummeatal-based flap with combined limited urethral
      mobilization technique for distal hypospadias repair.
AB  - We report a suitable approach to the correction of subcoronal meatus for any
      variants and report our experience with this method. An eccentric circummeatal
      based flap was used to treat 42 patients with hypospadias during a 4-year period.
      The position of the meatus was coronal in 18 patients (43 percent) and subcoronal
      and distal penile in 16 (38 percent) and 8 (19 percent) patients, respectively.
      In addition, 19 patients had marked ventriflexion. The mean length of the
      urethroplasty was 1.1 cm (ranging from 0.6 to 1.7 cm). In no instance was
      residual ventral curvature noted nor did the neourethra restrict the phallus
      during erection. The functional and cosmetic results were excellent, and in many
      cases the glans penis assumed a nearly normal shape and appearance. No patient
      required a second procedure to improve cosmesis. This is a convenient procedure
      for correction of distal hypospadias in which the urethral gap is no longer than
      2 to 2.5 cm. The surgical repair does not depend on glanular or meatal variations
      or even if the patient had a previous operation. It is particularly suitable in
      cases that have marked fibrous chordee.

PMID- 9950541
TI  - Transdermal photopolymerized adhesive for seroma prevention.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not a synthetic
      photopolymerized tissue adhesive (polyethylene oxide hydrogel) is useful in
      seroma prevention using a well established rat mastectomy seroma model. Twenty
      three Sprague-Dawley rats received mastectomies. The rats were randomly assigned
      to either the control group (n = 13) or the experimental group (n = 10). The
      control animals received 0.2 cc of saline into the wound before closure. The
      experimental group received either 0.2 cc (n = 5) or 0.4 cc (n = 5) of the
      polyethylene oxide polymer into their wounds before closure. The experimental
      animals were placed under an ultraviolet A lamp for 3 minutes to polymerize the
      adhesive. On postoperative day seven, the resultant seromas were quantified, and
      wound tissues were harvested for histologic evaluation. The rats in the control
      group had a mean seroma volume of 3.25 cc (SD = 2.41), whereas the rats treated
      with polymer had a mean seroma volume of 0.37 cc (SD = 0.51). A Student's t test
      was performed showing a statistically significant difference between the control
      and experimental groups (p < 0.005). The volume of polymer used (0.2 cc versus
      0.4 cc) did not significantly impact the volume of the resultant seromas. This
      study demonstrates that photopolymerizable polyethylene oxide hydrogels can be
      used as a tissue adhesive and that such an adhesive significantly reduces seroma
      formation in the rat mastectomy model.

PMID- 9950542
TI  - Rat mandibular distraction osteogenesis: II. Molecular analysis of transforming
      growth factor beta-1 and osteocalcin gene expression.
AB  - Distraction osteogenesis is a powerful technique capable of generating viable
      osseous tissue by the gradual separation of osteotomized bone edges. Although the
      histologic and ultrastructural changes associated with this process have been
      extensively delineated, the molecular events governing these changes remain
      essentially unknown. We have devised a rat model of mandibular distraction
      osteogenesis that facilitates molecular analysis of this process. Such
      information has significant clinical implications because it may enable targeted
      therapeutic manipulations designed to accelerate osseous regeneration. In this
      study, we have evaluated the expression of transforming growth factor beta-1, a
      major regulator of osteogenesis during endochondral bone formation and
      development, and osteocalcin, an abundant noncollagenous extracellular matrix
      protein implicated in the regulation of mineralization and bone turnover. The
      right hemimandible of 36 adult male rats was osteotomized, and a customized
      distraction device was applied. Animals were allowed to recover and, after a 3
      day latency period, were distracted at a rate of 0.25 mm twice daily for 6 days
      followed by a 2- or 4-week consolidation period. Distraction regenerate was
      harvested after the latency period, days 2, 4, or 6 of distraction, and after 2
      or 4 weeks of consolidation and processed for Northern analysis (n = 4 at each
      time point) and immunohistochemical localization of TGF-beta1 (n = 2 at each time
      point). Six sham-operated animals (i.e., skin incision without osteotomy) were
      also killed (immediately postoperatively), and the mandibles were harvested and
      prepared in a similar fashion. Equal loading and transfer of RNA for Northern
      analysis was ensured by stripping and probing membranes with a probe against
      GAPDH (a housekeeping gene). Our results demonstrate that the spatial and
      temporal patterns of TGF-beta1 mRNA expression and protein production coincide
      with osteoblast migration, differentiation, and extracellular matrix synthesis.
      In addition, we demonstrate that TGF-beta1 production may be an important
      regulator of vasculogenesis during mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Finally,
      we have shown that osteocalcin gene expression coincides temporally with
      mineralization during rat mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

PMID- 9950544
TI  - Primary amyloidosis presenting as extensor tenosynovitis.
AB  - Primary amyloidosis is a systemic disease. Amyloid arthropathy is an invalidating
      and uncommon form of presentation, but tenosynovitis is even rarer as the first
      sign of the disease. We report herein a case of unilateral amyloid deposit in the
      synovium of the extensor tendons of the hand, which was the first manifestation
      of a primary amyloidosis.

PMID- 9950543
TI  - Prophylactic mastectomy, oophorectomy, hysterectomy, and immediate transverse
      rectus abdominis muscle flap breast reconstruction in a BRCA-2-positive patient.

PMID- 9950545
TI  - Recognition, diagnosis, and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and
      thrombosis.
AB  - This case report describes a post-coronary artery bypass graft patient who
      developed arterial thrombosis and loss of a dominant hand as a result of the
      common and serious immune complication of heparin anticoagulation, heparin
      induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. This report underscores the need for all
      surgeons who use heparin in the course of their practice to be aware of heparin
      induced thrombocytopenia and the spectrum of its clinical presentations and
      management. Thrombocytopenia or thrombosis that occurs in a patient receiving
      heparin should prompt a surgeon to stop all heparin as soon as possible and seek
      appropriate hematologic consultation. Because heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
      and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis are mainly clinical
      diagnoses, one should not wait for objective test confirmation of heparin-induced
      thrombocytopenia before stopping all heparin treatment. Alternative
      anticoagulation, other than low molecular weight heparin, must be considered for
      the patient who develops either condition. For surgeons who perform hand surgery,
      it is necessary to be aware of the significance of upper extremity thrombosis in
      a patient who is receiving heparin when consulted for surgical management.

PMID- 9950546
TI  - A novel surgical method of repair for Stahl's ear: a case report and review of
      current treatment modalities.
AB  - Stahl's ear is a congenital malformation of the auricle, which is uncommon in non
      Oriental societies. A number of different treatment modalities have been
      suggested, many of which yield unpredictable results. We review current treatment
      modalities from the English literature and describe a novel, simple surgical
      method of repair. First, a helical rim incision is made to expose the abnormal
      third crus and upper pole of the ear. The third crus is excised as a narrow wedge
      of cartilage and posterior skin, and the defect is closed primarily. The free
      third crus cartilage is then grafted onto the scaphal cartilage in an
      anatomically correct position to form a superior crus. The anterior skin flap is
      redraped and bolstered over this graft. Only a very small scar on the helical rim
      remains visible anteriorly.

PMID- 9950547
TI  - Microvascular great toenail transfer after conventional thumb reconstruction.

PMID- 9950549
TI  - The use of micrografts and minigrafts for the treatment of burn alopecia.

PMID- 9950550
TI  - Completing the cosmetic surgery cycle: it takes a village.

PMID- 9950548
TI  - Lateral calcaneal V-Y advancement flap for repair of posterior heel defects.
AB  - We obtained favorable results in reconstruction of the posterior heel with a
      lateral calcaneal V-Y advancement flap. This technique simplifies the operative
      procedure and eliminates the disadvantages of the original lateral calcaneal flap
      and its island version while retaining the advantages of these methods.

PMID- 9950551
TI  - CO2 and erbium:YAG laser resurfacing: current status and personal perspective.

PMID- 9950552
TI  - Long-term assessment of CO2 facial laser resurfacing: aesthetic results and
      complications.
AB  - Several series have documented the ability of the carbon dioxide laser to smooth
      facial rhytids; however, follow-up has been limited to several months. Since
      1995, more than 600 full or partial facial resurfacings were performed with the
      pulsed CO2 laser. To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of this procedure,
      the results of 211 resurfacings were retrospectively reviewed using a custom
      designed database. Variables that were input included patient demographics,
      Fitzpatrick skin type, smoking history, prior and concurrent facial procedures,
      laser pass data, and postoperative complications. Short and long-term aesthetic
      results were graded by a blinded panel of plastic surgery reviewers (none of whom
      performed the laser resurfacing) using a standardized photographic rhytid scale.
      For each facial region, this scale consisted of eight high-resolution photographs
      depicting increasingly severe wrinkling. Facial rhytids were almost completely
      ablated at the 3 and 6 month follow-up. Some relapse was seen at 1 year, but the
      overall aesthetic result remained very good. Regions with dynamic rhytids (e.g.,
      the perioral region) showed more recurrence. The best and most durable results
      were seen in the cheeks. Infection and scleral show each occurred in 13 patients
      (6 percent). Forty-five patients (21 percent) developed postprocedure
      hyperpigmentation, but the overwhelming majority of this group were treated
      before our postoperative antipigment regimen. Hypopigmentation was noted in 17
      patients (8 percent) in this early follow-up group. Two patients (1 percent)
      developed postoperative scarring. It is hoped that these data will serve to
      provide additional information on the long-term results of laserbrasion.

PMID- 9950553
TI  - Erbium laser resurfacing: current concepts.
AB  - Laser skin resurfacing has enjoyed great popularity in recent years with the
      introduction of computerized, pulsed carbon dioxide lasers. However, the
      morbidity and side effects of carbon dioxide lasers have stimulated a search for
      alternative methods of skin remodeling. The erbium:YAG laser can be successfully
      used for skin resurfacing, with lower morbidity than the carbon dioxide laser. In
      a series of 625 patients who had erbium:YAG resurfacing, the following
      conclusions were reached. (1) Long-term (> 6 months) improvement in wrinkles and
      acne scars required total fluences exceeding 20 J/cm2. Periocular wrinkles
      required total fluences of between 20 and 40 J/cm2, depending on the depth of the
      wrinkles and skin thickness. Perioral rhytids required total fluences of between
      40 and 80 J/cm2, whereas the cheeks and forehead required total fluences of 30 to
      60 J/cm2. (2) Deeper wrinkles were best treated with a combination of erbium and
      carbon dioxide lasers, which minimized the bleeding that occurs with deeper
      erbium resurfacing. The simultaneous combined erbium with carbon dioxide laser
      was particularly advantageous. (3) Complications were relatively uncommon using
      the scanning erbium laser, and most adverse effects occurred early in the series.
      Scarring occurred in 5 of the 625 patients (0.8 percent) and mostly resolved with
      intralesional steroids. Hyperpigmentation occurred in 21 of the 625 patients (3.4
      percent) and was temporary in nature. Hypopigmentation, which became evident
      after 6 months, occurred in 25 of the 625 patients (4.0 percent) but was mild and
      not a significant cosmetic problem, except in one patient who developed scarring
      on the neck. Hypopigmentation seemed to be related to the depth of resurfacing.
      Four of the 625 patients (0.6 percent) developed temporary scleral show, but no
      patients had permanent ectropion. Eight of the 625 (1.3 percent) developed
      synechiae under the lower eyelid, which required minor correction.

PMID- 9950554
TI  - Cutaneous resurfacing with CO2 and erbium: YAG lasers: preoperative,
      intraoperative, and postoperative considerations.
AB  - The development and integration of pulsed and scanned CO2 and erbium:YAG laser
      systems into mainstream surgical practice over the past years has revolutionized
      cutaneous resurfacing. These lasers are capable of delivering to skin high peak
      fluences to effect controlled tissue vaporization, while leaving an acceptably
      narrow zone of residual thermal damage. The inherent technological differences
      that exist between the two distant laser systems in terms of ablation depths,
      degree of thermal coagulation, and postoperative side-effects and complications
      guide patient selection and management. This article reviews the basic principles
      of CO2 and erbium:YAG laser resurfacing, including preoperative, intraoperative,
      and postoperative patient considerations. Side-effects and complications
      encountered after laser resurfacing are discussed with specific guidelines
      provided on their appropriate management. Anticipated future developments and
      cutting-edge research endeavors in cutaneous laser resurfacing are also briefly
      outlined.

PMID- 9950555
TI  - Concertina effect and facial aging: nonlinear aspects of youthfulness and
      skeletal remodeling, and why, perhaps, infants have jowls.
AB  - The effect of aging on the orbitomaxillary region is evaluated in the present
      study. The observation was made that infants look like aged individuals in terms
      of the midface soft-tissue contours of the midface. Because preliminary work has
      shown that the facial skeleton remodels throughout life, this observation led to
      the hypothesis that infants and older individuals appear similar because they
      have comparable skeletal dimensions, specifically in the orbitomaxillary region.
      The design is a retrospective analysis of three-dimensional computed tomographic
      scan data. Three groups of male subjects were studied: infant, ages 1 to 12
      months (n = 5); youthful, ages 15 to 24 years (n = 13); and old, ages 53 to 76
      years (n = 12). Orbital and zygomaticomaxillary vertical dimensions were measured
      in both medial and lateral planes between fixed anatomical landmarks. Results
      were compared by using analysis of variance, Student-Newman-Keuls, and Student's
      t tests. The findings show that skeletal remodeling is such that the ratio of the
      maxillary height to orbital height is greatest during youth; during infancy and
      old age, there is a short maxilla relative to a larger orbit. This finding is
      significant in the medial plane from orbital rim to pyriform aperture (p < 0.05).
      Furthermore, there is an actual decrease in vertical maxillary height in this
      medial plane (p < 0.01) from youth until old age, which occurs secondary to
      normal skeletal remodeling in the dentate individual. The combined effect of
      downward expansion of the orbital shelf and the upward migration of the pyriform
      effectively decreases the space available to support the overlying soft tissues
      of the midface. An accordion-like or "concertina" effect may lead to compression
      or restriction of the facial soft tissues over a relatively deficient bony
      platform. These results highlight the importance of skeletal remodeling in
      determining the soft-tissue contours of the aging face. The process of skeletal
      remodeling may also allow for a tentative definition of facial youthfulness.
      Infants are born with a short maxilla relative to a large orbit, and the
      maxillary wall is angled posteriorly. This ratio and angle change from infancy
      until youth, when there is a balance between the bony skeletal support and the
      overlying soft-tissue envelope, i.e., the skin, facial muscles, and adipose
      tissue. It is when skeletal remodeling continues past this point that a
      disharmony occurs. Because the ratio of maxilla/orbit, and the angle of the
      maxillary wall, in the older person reverts toward that of an infant, the
      attainment of youth occurs partly in a nonlinear or multimodal manner. This work
      is part of an emerging concept of facial aging, which we would term an integrated
      model of facial aging. This model allows facial aging to be viewed as a
      biological "system," in which there are primary and secondary factors that
      interact in the process of facial aging. Additional research such as this
      continues to suggest the importance of bony remodeling in facial aging.

PMID- 9950556
TI  - Botulinum A exotoxin for the management of platysma bands.
AB  - Injections of botulinum A exotoxin are successfully used to treat neuromuscular
      disorders and to improve hyperkinetic muscles and dynamic rhytids of the upper
      face. Using these principles, we extended its use to the treatment of the aging
      neck (hypertrophic platysma muscle bands). A classification system (I to IV)
      based on horizontal neck rhytids, platysma bands, and skin laxity was devised to
      categorize the degree of deformity and serve as a guideline for suggested dosages
      of botulinum. The results correlated with the degree of age-related neck
      degeneration. Type II (mild horizontal neck rhytids; thin, mild platysma muscle
      flaccidity; and mild skin laxity) and III (moderate horizontal neck rhytids;
      thick, moderate platysma muscle flaccidity; and moderate skin laxity) patients
      were the most satisfied, followed closely by types I and IV. A total of 1500
      patients were treated by three independent practices. The majority of them
      achieved good-to-excellent results, as evaluated by both the physician and
      patient. The degree of muscle flaccidity and hypertrophy were the factors that
      most influenced success rates, not the anatomic variations in muscle
      configuration.

PMID- 9950557
TI  - Nonsurgical treatment of platysmal bands with injection of botulinum toxin A.
AB  - Botulinum toxin A has been used therapeutically in humans for over 20 years for a
      variety of medical indications. For the past 7 years, the author has injected it
      for cosmetic purposes in a variety of muscles of the head and neck. Fifty patient
      injections of the platysma muscle were performed in an attempt to correct
      platysmal banding. An improvement was seen in all patients who presented to the
      office for follow-up in a timely manner (44 injections). Results were limited by
      redundant skin. No incidence of dysphagia or airway obstruction was encountered.
      The only complication noted was bruising. Although at least a small improvement
      in platysmal banding was seen in all patients, in no patient was there evidence
      of lifting of the lower face. All results were temporary.

PMID- 9950558
TI  - The antibacterial effects of tumescent liposuction fluid.
AB  - Tumescent liposuction is currently one of the most commonly performed aesthetic
      procedures. Despite the variable use of preoperative antibiotics, infection is
      uncommon. Prior works suggest that the low incidence of infection may be due to
      lidocaine's antibacterial properties. However, these properties have only been
      demonstrated using concentrations of lidocaine above 0.8%, significantly higher
      than those used in tumescent liposuction. The purpose of this study was to
      determine if the commonly used tumescent fluid containing 0.1% lidocaine,
      1:1000,000 epinephrine, and 0.012 mEq sodium bicarbonate possesses antibacterial
      activity. Using the broth microdilution method, the minimum inhibitory
      concentrations of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
      Staphylococcus aureus, and Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus were determined
      after exposure to either lidocaine, epinephrine, bicarbonate, or the combination
      of all three agents. To determine if there were significant growth differences
      not detectable by the broth microdilution method, bacterial concentrations were
      obtained through the use of a spectrophotometer, and significant differences from
      the controls were calculated by one-way analysis of variance. To determine if
      prolonged exposure to the tumescent mix would alter bacterial growth, a Killing
      Time study was also undertaken. The results indicated that the minimum inhibitory
      concentration of lidocaine was not less than 0.5% for any of the bacteria,
      whereas the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of the combined solution was
      0.25%. The lowest inhibitory concentration as determined by spectrophotometric
      analysis for the combined solution was 0.13% (p < 0.01). Analysis of the Killing
      Time data revealed no inhibition of bacterial growth over time. In conclusion,
      lidocaine, epinephrine, and bicarbonate do exhibit antibacterial properties at
      high concentrations. However, the commonly used tumescent mixture containing
      dilute concentrations of these agents does not significantly inhibit the growth
      of commonly encountered bacteria.

PMID- 9950559
TI  - Aesthetic rhinoplasty with maximum preservation of alar cartilages: experience
      with 52 consecutive cases.
AB  - Historically, rhinoplasty has been conceptualized mainly as an excisional and
      reductional operation of the nasal framework; however, there is growing evidence
      showing that conservatism in terms of preserving as much skeleton as possible
      makes the final results more predictable and more physiologic. On the basis of
      this point of view and using modifications of Tebbetts' technique, a prospective
      study of 52 patients presenting for primary open rhinoplasty was made. In all the
      cases, the cephalic portion of the lateral crus was preserved, and the procedure
      was designed basically to create a better anatomy from an aesthetic point of
      view. The results were evaluated aesthetically and by cephalometry, and patients
      showed improvement; native crura preservation was maximized. This report suggests
      more prospective studies need to be conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of
      these surgical variations on the average patient.

PMID- 9950560
TI  - Pyriform augmentation as an ancillary procedure in facial rejuvenation surgery.
AB  - A patient is presented in whom augmentation of the pyriform aperture of the
      maxilla was performed with porous hydroxyapatite in concert with a face and brow
      lift. Basic research has recently shown that remodeling of the facial skeleton
      continues throughout life and that this remodeling process leads to changes in
      the position of several key areas. The pyriform aperture was identified as one
      region that remodels in a posterior direction, leading to retrusion of the alar
      base in the older individual. This skeletal retrusion occurs in a very site
      specific fashion, and its effects are reflected on the overlying soft tissues of
      the face. With aging, remodeling of the pyriform aperture posteriorly causes the
      alar base to appear recessed and decreases the nasolabial angle, changes that are
      noted on the profile of the older individual. Augmentation of the pyriform
      aperture can be achieved through a buccal sulcus incision and, when used in
      conjunction with standard facial rejuvenation procedures, can improve the overall
      result in facial cosmetic surgery.

PMID- 9950561
TI  - The anatomy of the nasolabial fold: the keystone of the smiling mechanism.

PMID- 9950562
TI  - Pricing strategy for aesthetic surgery: economic analysis of a resident clinic's
      change in fees.
AB  - The laws of microeconomics explain how prices affect consumer purchasing
      decisions and thus overall revenues and profits. These principles can easily be
      applied to the behavior aesthetic plastic surgery patients. The UCLA Division of
      Plastic Surgery resident aesthetics clinic recently offered a radical price
      change for its services. The effects of this change on demand for services and
      revenue were tracked. Economic analysis was applied to see if this price change
      resulted in the maximization of total revenues, or if additional price changes
      could further optimize them. Economic analysis of pricing involves several steps.
      The first step is to assess demand. The number of procedures performed by a given
      practice at different price levels can be plotted to create a demand curve. From
      this curve, price sensitivities of consumers can be calculated (price elasticity
      of demand). This information can then be used to determine the pricing level that
      creates demand for the exact number of procedures that yield optimal revenues. In
      economic parlance, revenues are maximized by pricing services such that
      elasticity is equal to 1 (the point of unit elasticity). At the UCLA resident
      clinic, average total fees per procedure were reduced by 40 percent. This
      resulted in a 250-percent increase in procedures performed for representative 4
      month periods before and after the price change. Net revenues increased by 52
      percent. Economic analysis showed that the price elasticity of demand before the
      price change was 6.2. After the price change it was 1. We conclude that the
      magnitude of the price change resulted in a fee schedule that yielded the highest
      possible revenues from the resident clinic. These results show that changes in
      price do affect total revenue and that the nature of these effects can be
      understood, predicted, and maximized using the tools of microeconomics.

PMID- 9950563
TI  - Botox for the treatment of dynamic and hyperkinetic facial lines and furrows:
      adjunctive use in facial aesthetic surgery.
AB  - Our improved understanding of the pathophysiology of facial lines, wrinkles, and
      furrows has broadened the treatment options for a variety of facial cosmetic
      blemishes. The persistence or recurrence of certain facial rhytids after surgery
      has confirmed the lack of full comprehension of their origin. Glabellar forehead
      furrows (frown lines) and lateral canthal rhytids (crow's feet) have been the
      most popular facial lines that have been shown to be mostly the result of
      regional hyperkinetic muscles, and their eradication may be more suitable, at
      times, to chemodenervation than to soft-tissue fillers, skin resurfacing, or
      surgical resection. Aesthetic surgical procedures that have yielded suboptimal
      results may also occur from failure to recognize other causative factors
      including hyperkinetic or dynamic musculature, which may contribute to etiology
      of the visible soft-tissue changes and lack of persistent effect after surgery.
      Chemodenervation with botulinum toxin A (Botox) has proven to be useful both as a
      primary treatment for certain facial rhytids and as an adjunctive agent for a
      variety of facial aesthetic procedures to obtain optimal results.

PMID- 9950564
TI  - Endoscopically assisted reconstruction of orbital medial wall fractures.
AB  - Traditional surgical approaches to orbital medial wall fractures are either
      direct extraocular skin incisions or indirect bicoronal flap. However, these
      methods can leave remarkable orbital scars or scalp alopecia with the possible
      associated complications. A minimally invasive endoscopic technique with the
      assistance of a 2.7-mm, 30-degree telescope through a medial transconjunctival
      incision has been successfully used to reconstruct the orbital medial wall
      fractures. This technique was applied to four patients who had orbital medial
      wall fractures. Three patients also had concomitant orbital floor fractures. The
      other had associated superior orbital fissure syndrome. All patients were
      presented with limited eye movement, positive forced duction test, horizontal
      diplopia, and enophthalmos (3 mm to 6 mm) preoperatively. The entrapped
      periorbital tissues in the ethmoid sinus were completely reduced endoscopically.
      The bone defect of orbital medial wall was reconstructed with autogenous rib bone
      grafts under endoscopic control. The patients were followed up for 8 to 16 months
      with an average of 11 months. Three patients recovered completely without any
      residual eye symptoms after intervention. Clinically significant residual
      enophthalmos of 3 mm occurred in the patient with the superior orbital fissure
      syndrome. His eye movement limitation caused by entrapment of medial rectus
      muscle was relieved postoperatively. There was no donor-site morbidity or any
      complications related to the endoscopically assisted procedure. Endoscopically
      assisted medial transconjunctival approach to the orbital medial wall fractures
      is an excellent adjunct for the exposure and complete reduction of herniated
      periorbital tissue and bony reconstruction of the medial orbital wall.

PMID- 9950565
TI  - Another 10 caveats.

PMID- 9950566
TI  - The best of intentions.

PMID- 9950567
TI  - So you're a plastic surgeon.

PMID- 9950568
TI  - Body contouring with external ultrasound. Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation
      DATA Committee. Device and Technique Assessment.

PMID- 9950569
TI  - Skin closures using cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives. Plastic Surgery Educational
      Foundation DATA Committee. Device and Technique Assessment.
AB  - Studies have been done and approval is soon possible from the FDA for an
      octylcyanoacrylate tissue glue for closure of lacerations of incisions. This is a
      newer-generation cyanoacrylate that improves on the butylcyanoacrylates currently
      in use in Canada and other countries but not approved by the FDA. It is a
      pliable, waterproof, film adhesive that can be applied to a laceration and left
      in place until it disintegrates in 7 to 14 days. It is safe and effective and
      represents an improvement over the butylcyanoacrylates that have been used for
      years in many countries. It is not a replacement for sutures but does offer an
      alternative. Some indications that seem appropriate are for closure of incisions
      that would be under casts; for simple lacerations in children to avoid the fear
      of suturing and suture removal; and for closure of incisions or lacerations where
      it would be a problem for a follow-up visit. This adhesive is less indicated for
      closure over highly mobile areas such as joints; for areas with usage and
      friction such as hands or feet; or for areas where exact alignment is a priority,
      such as the face or eyelids.

PMID- 9950570
TI  - Hairline incisions.

PMID- 9950572
TI  - Preserving the orbital fat in lower eyelidplasty.

PMID- 9950571
TI  - Axial pattern bilobed flap for the reconstruction of the midline forehead
      defects.

PMID- 9950573
TI  - Traumatic earlobe cleft repair by using a Desmarres clamp.

PMID- 9950574
TI  - Utility of Satinsky-type vascular clamps in end-to-side anastomoses in head and
      neck free tissue transfers.

PMID- 9950575
TI  - A technique for placement of cross-facial nerve grafts.

PMID- 9950576
TI  - A new nerve grafting technique: the multigraft unit.

PMID- 9950577
TI  - Dynamic technique: three-flap SMAS.

PMID- 9950578
TI  - An alternative treatment for Frey syndrome.

PMID- 9950579
TI  - The use of the rectus abdominis muscle and a vicryl mesh to protect the small
      intestine and the rectus in radiation treatments to the lower pelvis.

PMID- 9950580
TI  - Syringe splinting for skin grafts in penile reconstruction.

PMID- 9950581
TI  - A simple sign for the differential diagnosis of the congenital trigger thumb.

PMID- 9950582
TI  - Radioimmunoguided surgery in squamous cell carcinoma.

PMID- 9950583
TI  - An experimental application of gene therapy for human retinoblastoma.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose was to determine the potential of gene therapy for
      retinoblastoma using transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV
      TK) gene into retinoblastoma cells (Y79 cell line). METHODS: A retrovirus
      packaging cell line PA317 was electroporated with a retroviral vector plasmid
      bearing HSV-TK and neomycin-resistance genes to produce a PA317-TK cell line
      releasing a replication-defective vector bearing both genes. Y79 was transduced
      by exposure to transmissible virus-containing medium from PA317-TK, and new
      clones of Y79 containing the HSV-TK gene (Y79-TK) were established. Sensitivity
      to ganciclovir (GCV) and acyclovir (ACV) was investigated in Y79 and Y79-TK and
      the effect of HSV-TK-positive cells on negative cells ("bystander effect") was
      determined in vitro. The effect of antitumorigenesis in a nude mouse system was
      also investigated. RESULTS: There were no differences in the growth pattern or
      the morphology between Y79 and Y79-TK. Y79-TK was more sensitive to GCV and ACV
      than was Y79. The cytotoxicity of Y79-TK was dose dependent. An obvious
      "bystander effect" was present with the addition of GCV. In vivo studies
      confirmed the ability of GCV to kill Y79-TK. CONCLUSIONS: In this study a model
      is proposed for the introduction of a drug-sensitivity gene into Y79 and the
      possibility is raised of treating retinoblastoma with gene therapy. The results
      suggest that the transfer of the HSV-TK gene into Y79 followed by the
      administration of GCV could serve as a model for gene therapy for retinoblastoma.

PMID- 9950584
TI  - Adenovirally expressed basic fibroblast growth factor rescues photoreceptor cells
      in RCS rats.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the abilities of recombinant adenovirus carrying the basic
      fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene to (1) produce bFGF protein in vitro and (2)
      rescue retinal photoreceptors in Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats in vivo.
      METHODS: Cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells were infected with one
      of the following two replication-deficient adenoviral vectors that drive inserted
      genes by beta-actin promoter with cytomegalovirus enhancer: AxCAJSbFGF, which
      expresses the human bFGF gene, and AxCAlacZ, carrying the cDNA of bacterial beta
      galactosidase as a viral control. These viruses and recombinant bFGF protein were
      also injected into the subretinal space of RCS rats at the age of 21 days. The
      production of bFGF was evaluated by an immunohistochemical method in vitro and in
      vivo. The secretion of bFGF produced in vitro was quantified by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. The thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) as a marker
      of photoreceptor cell rescue was estimated at 2, 28, and 56 days after the
      injections. RESULTS: AxCAJSbFGF produced human bFGF protein effectively both in
      vitro and in vivo. The semiquantitative analysis of ONL thickness revealed a
      significant protective effect of AxCAJSbFGF and the recombinant bFGF protein
      injection up to 56 days after injection. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate
      that a recombinant adenoviral vector can achieve the transfer of bFGF gene in
      vitro and have a protective effect for photoreceptor cells in vivo. Gene therapy
      with a bFGF-expressing recombinant adenoviral vector may provide a new strategy
      with which to target retinal degenerative diseases.

PMID- 9950585
TI  - Self-reported assessment of visual function in a population-based study: the SEE
      project. Salisbury Eye Evaluation.
AB  - PURPOSE: To report on the usefulness of the Activities of Daily Vision Scale
      (ADVS) questionnaire for assessing visual functioning, a population-based sample
      of elderly Americans. METHODS: The ADVS questionnaire was administered to a
      population-based sample of 2520 community-dwelling individuals 65 to 84 years of
      age in Salisbury, MD. Items and subscales were evaluated for internal
      consistency, item discrimination, and content validity. Published subscale
      groupings and item associations in our population were compared for coherence
      using correlation, factor, and cluster analyses. Whole-sample and race- and
      gender-specific analyses were conducted. External validity was explored by
      regressing ADVS scores on standard psychophysical vision measures. RESULTS: ADVS
      scores were skewed to high visual functioning levels; approximately 60% of the
      population had function scores of 95 or better (of a possible 100). The overall,
      night driving, and near vision scales were internally consistent and had strong
      item-subscale associations; the day driving and glare subscales were not
      acceptable regarding these properties. The far vision subscale was acceptably
      scalable but only weakly differentiated from the other subscales. Overall, night
      driving, near vision, and far vision scores were all statistically and
      independently associated with multiple psychophysical vision measures. Findings
      were consistent across race and gender subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: As assessed by the
      ADVS, reported visual functioning is high in our representative older population.
      The overall scale and selected subscales effectively distinguish persons along a
      spectrum of ability. They correlate with measures of visual impairment in a
      reasonable way and thus hold promise for risk factor investigations. The
      published day driving and glare subscales should be examined for relevance and
      consistency before being applied in population-based settings. Methods specific
      to population-based settings should be investigated for their ability to better
      elicit additional visual function dimensions and early visual disability.

PMID- 9950586
TI  - Intracellular interaction of Hsp47 and type I collagen in corneal endothelial
      cells.
AB  - PURPOSE: Previous studies by the current investigators showed that type I
      collagen was posttranslationally regulated in corneal endothelial cells (CECs).
      These cells synthesize type I procollagen and degrade it intracellularly;
      however, when CECs are modulated with fibroblast growth factor-2 and/or corneal
      endothelium modulation factor, they synthesize and secrete type I collagen. Heat
      shock protein 47 (Hsp47), an endoplasmic reticulum resident protein, is known to
      function as a molecular chaperon in regulating procollagen folding and/or
      assembly. The interaction of Hsp47 with type I procollagen synthesis in CECs was
      also studied. METHODS: Expression of proteins was analyzed by radioactive
      labeling or immunoblot analysis. The steady state level of type I collagen and
      Hsp47 mRNAs was determined by northern blot analysis. Coprecipitation using
      immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting was performed to determine the
      association profile between Hsp47 and type I procollagen. Subcellular
      localization of Hsp47 and type I procollagen was determined by immunofluorescent
      staining. RESULTS: Normal and modulated cells expressed Hsp47 and Hsp70. The
      relative amount of Hsp47 produced by modulated cells was much higher than that of
      control cells, but the expression level of Hsp70 was the same in control and
      modulated cells. The steady state levels of type I collagen transcripts were
      higher in normal cells than in modulated cells, whereas modulated cells contained
      a much higher steady state level of Hsp47 mRNA. Type I procollagen was found to
      be associated with Hsp47 when analyzed by coprecipitation or cross-linking. The
      cytoplasmic localization profile of Hsp47 and type I collagen was different in
      normal cells, although a colocalization profile was observed to some degree.
      These two proteins were predominantly colocalized in the Golgi area in modulated
      CECs. CONCLUSIONS: Hsp47 may be involved in the synthesis and/or intracellular
      transport of type I collagen in CECs. Modulated cells that secrete type I
      collagen into the extracellular matrix express a higher level of Hsp47 than do
      control cells.

PMID- 9950588
TI  - In vivo human corneal hydration control dynamics: a new model.
AB  - PURPOSE: To introduce a new model describing human in vivo corneal deswelling
      after hypoxic contact lens wear, based on a damped harmonic oscillator, which can
      describe an overshoot in corneal deswelling, to compare this new model with the
      currently used exponential model, and also to test whether a diurnal variation in
      baseline corneal thickness exists that would have to be taken into consideration
      when calculating corneal deswelling curves. METHODS: In nine healthy young
      adults, corneal thickness was measured every 30 minutes for 11.5 hours on average
      using modified optical pachometry (natural test). On another day, corneal
      deswelling was monitored for 11.1 hours on average after 2 hours of hypoxic
      contact lens wear (stress test). The damped harmonic oscillator model and the
      exponential model were used to calculate best-fitting deswelling curves. Natural
      test data were analyzed for the presence of a trend. Goodness of fit of the
      curves to the experimental data was analyzed using the F test. RESULTS: In 82% of
      the deswelling curves the new damped harmonic oscillator model provided a better
      fit to the data than the exponential model (P < 0.05). An average overshoot in
      corneal thickness recovery of 5 microm (range, 0-11 microm) was found. In 50% of
      the natural tests significant trends were found, without any consistent
      similarities. The overshoot could not be explained by these trends. CONCLUSIONS:
      The new damped harmonic oscillator model describes corneal deswelling after
      hypoxic contact lens wear more accurately than the exponential model. No
      consistent diurnal variation could be demonstrated.

PMID- 9950587
TI  - Bone morphogenetic proteins and growth and differentiation factors in the human
      cornea.
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate transcription of members of the transforming growth
      factor (TGF)-beta superfamily and corresponding receptors in human corneal
      epithelium and stroma. METHODS: Transcription of bone morphogenetic proteins
      (BMP)-2, BMP-3, BMP-4, BMP-5, and BMP-7; growth- differentiation factor (GDF)-5),
      and BMP receptors (BMPR) types I (BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB) and II (BMPR-II) was
      investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in ex
      vivo and cultured cells. For verification, PCR fragments were cloned and
      sequenced. DNA dot blot analysis was performed to estimate the level of
      transcription. RNA dot blots were performed to determine expression of GDF-5.
      Expression of BMP receptor proteins was investigated by immunohistochemistry.
      Single-cell clonal growth proliferation assays were performed using recombinant
      human GDF-5 and TGF-beta1. RESULTS: Transcription of BMP-2, BMP-3, BMP-4, BMP-5,
      and BMP-7 and receptors of BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB and BMPR-II was detected in ex vivo
      and cultured epithelium and stroma. The level of transcription was higher in
      cultured stroma for all factors, but the level for the receptors was higher in
      cultured epithelium. In contrast GDF-5 was transcribed only in stromal cells,
      suggesting that this cytokine may be an important mediator between keratocytes
      and epithelial cells. Furthermore, GDF-5 inhibited proliferation of corneal
      epithelial and stromal cells. CONCLUSIONS: Given the importance of the TGF-beta
      family during embryonic development, the results suggest that its members may be
      components of the corneal cytokine network and may participate in the regulation
      of cellular proliferation and differentiation.

PMID- 9950589
TI  - Automated quantification of keratocyte density by using confocal microscopy in
      vivo.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare keratocyte density determined by using confocal microscopy
      with keratocyte density determined in the same corneas by histology. METHODS:
      Digital en face images of central corneas were recorded three times by using
      confocal microscopy in vivo in six New Zealand White rabbits. Bright objects
      (keratocyte nuclei) in the images were automatically identified by using a custom
      algorithm to estimate total and regional stromal keratocyte densities. The
      corneas were then excised, fixed, and sectioned in a sagittal plane for
      histology. Keratocyte nuclei were manually counted from digitized images of 50
      histologic sections per cornea. Total and regional keratocyte densities were
      estimated from the histologic sections by using stereologic methods based on
      nuclei per unit area, mean nuclear diameter, and section thickness. Histologic
      cell densities were corrected for tissue shrinkage. RESULTS: By confocal
      microscopy, total keratocyte density was 39,000 +/- 1,200 cells/mm3 (mean +/- SE;
      n = 6); cell density was 47,100 +/- 1,300 cells/mm3 in the anterior stroma and
      decreased to 27,900 +/- 2,700 cells/mm3 in the posterior stroma (P = 0.004).
      Analysis of the three separate confocal images of each cornea produced repeatable
      total cell densities (mean coefficient of variation = 0.035). By histology, total
      keratocyte density was 37,800 +/- 1,100 cells/mm3, not significantly different
      from that estimated by confocal microscopy (P = 0.43); anterior cell density was
      48,300 +/- 900 cells/mm3 and decreased to 29,400 +/- 900 cells/mm3 posteriorly (P
      < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Rabbit keratocyte density estimated by automated analysis
      of confocal microscopy images in vivo is repeatable and agrees with keratocyte
      density estimated from histologic sections.

PMID- 9950590
TI  - Effects of dietary n-3 fatty acid deficiency and repletion in the guinea pig
      retina.
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate the nature and reversibility of biochemical and
      functional changes in the retina encountered over a single generation of dietary
      n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency in guinea pigs. METHODS: Dunkin-Hartley
      guinea pigs were fed for 16 weeks after weaning with diets supplemented with
      safflower seed oil (n-3 deficient) or canola oil (n-3 sufficient, control). A
      number of deficient animals were repleted at 6 weeks with canola oil for 5 or 10
      weeks, or at 11 weeks for 5 weeks. Electroretinograms (0.8 and 4.3 log scot td x
      sec) were collected at 6, 11, and 16 weeks after weaning. Conventional waveforms
      (a- and b-waves), oscillatory potentials, and receptoral and postreceptoral
      subcomponents (PIII and PII, respectively) were evaluated. Cone pathway function
      was assessed with 30-Hz flicker at the brighter intensity. Retinal phospholipid
      fatty acids were measured by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. RESULTS:
      Electroretinographic amplitudes showed statistically significant losses in b- and
      a-waves after 6 and 16 weeks of dietary n-3 deficiency, respectively. The
      response amplitude to 30-Hz flicker was reduced 42% after 16 weeks. Retinal
      docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels of animals maintained on the safflower oil diet
      for 16 weeks were 42% of levels in age-matched control subjects. There were
      significant losses in maximum response amplitudes (R(mPIII) and R(mPII)),
      although the major effect was a reduction in sensitivity of the receptoral
      response. Complete functional recovery was observed only in animals repleted for
      10 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Functional deficits in PIII and PII of the
      electroretinogram were apparent in first-generation guinea pigs fed an n-3
      deficient diet. These losses showed a correlation with age and retinal DHA level,
      although varying degrees of dependence on the DHA level were found. All
      functional deficits were reversed after 10 weeks of dietary n-3 repletion. The
      results suggest that DHA may serve several functional and structural roles in the
      retina and further emphasize the requirement for DHA in the normal development of
      vision.

PMID- 9950591
TI  - Oscillopsia and tolerance to retinal image movement in congenital nystagmus.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between retinal image movement (RIM) and
      oscillopsia in subjects with idiopathic congenital nystagmus (CN). METHODS: Eye
      movements were recorded using an IRIS infrared system. The eye movement signal
      was fed back to move an otherwise stationary target on a screen and thereby
      modify the RIM experienced by each of the five CN subjects. The target was
      present with either no background (the absolute condition) or a textured
      background (the relative condition). Feedback gains were varied from -1.0 (i.e.,
      100% retinal image increase) to +1.0 (i.e., 100% retinal image decrease or
      complete stabilization), with 0 representing the zero feedback or stationary
      target condition. In the first experiment, RIM thresholds were determined for a
      range of feedback values. Using zero feedback, a second experiment measured the
      detection threshold for absolute and relative motions to a ramp-generated target
      movement for five CN and five control subjects. RESULTS: Under feedback control
      spatial constancy broke down for both increased and reduced RIM. The range of
      spatial constancy was greater for absolute (-0.56 to +0.44) compared with
      relative (-0.18 to +0.18) RIM. Motion detection thresholds for the CN group were
      8 times less sensitive to the absolute and 17 times less sensitive to the
      relative motion of the target compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These
      results suggest that in CN subjects perceptual stability is achieved primarily by
      extraretinal signals.

PMID- 9950592
TI  - Visual development in preterm and full-term infants: a prospective masked study.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare development of visual acuity and binocular vision in preterm
      and full-term infants in a prospective study that used testers masked to
      subject's gestational age. METHODS: Seventy-nine healthy full-term infants, mean
      gestational age 40 weeks, and 18 low-risk preterm infants, mean gestational age
      33 weeks, were examined biweekly between the 44th and 54th weeks of postmenstrual
      age. Ocular alignment, convergence, fusion, grating acuity, and onset of
      optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) were assessed at each examination. RESULTS: The mean
      postnatal ages of onset of ocular alignment, convergence, fusion, grating acuity
      to 1.6 cycles per degree, and OKN from temporal to nasal and nasal to temporal
      were, respectively, 5, 7, 7, 11, 6, and 9 weeks for the full-term and 12, 13, 14,
      18, 13, and 16 weeks for the preterm infants. The mean postmenstrual ages of
      onset for the corresponding parameters were 46, 48, 48, 51, 46, and 50 weeks for
      full-term and 46, 47, 48, 52, 47, and 49 weeks for preterm infants. The onset of
      all parameters was earlier in full-term infants than in preterm infants of the
      same postnatal age (P < or = 0.0001). However, no differences were found when the
      parameters were compared at postmenstrual ages. CONCLUSIONS: Additional visual
      experience of preterm infants does not influence development of visual acuity or
      binocular vision during the first months of life as measured from the time of
      conception.

PMID- 9950593
TI  - Electrophysiological evidence of cortical fusion in children with early-onset
      esotropia.
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate sensory fusion responses in infants and children with
      early-onset esotropia to gain insights into the sequence of events that leads to
      strabismus. METHODS: Sensory fusion was tested by measuring visual evoked
      potential (VEP) responses to dynamic random dot correlograms (DRDCs) in a group
      of children (n = 23) with early-onset esotropia. Thirteen children were tested
      before surgical alignment, and 13 children were tested after surgical alignment
      (three children were tested before and after surgery). If the angle of strabismus
      was larger than 5 prism diopters, it was corrected with Fresnel prisms (Fresnel
      Prism and Lens, Scottsdale, AZ). RESULTS: Five (38%) of the 13 children who were
      tested before surgery showed detectable VEP responses to correlogram stimuli
      compared with 11 (85%) of the 13 children who were tested after surgical
      alignment. There were no significant statistical differences between VEP
      responses to DRDCs from the postsurgery group and VEP responses from an age
      matched control group with normal binocular vision. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of
      cortical sensory fusion in children with early-onset esotropia suggests that a
      congenital defect of sensory fusion cannot be the root cause of esotropia in most
      children. The data suggest that sensory fusion, when measured by VEP responses to
      DRDCs, is more robust than stereopsis to abnormal binocular experience and
      support the notion that pathways processing correlated/anticorrelated stimuli may
      not completely overlap with pathways processing disparity information.

PMID- 9950594
TI  - Matrix metalloproteinase-1 localization in the normal human uveoscleral outflow
      pathway.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the distribution of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in
      the uveoscleral outflow pathway and other anterior segment tissues of normal
      human eyes. METHODS: Normal human eyes were fixed in methacarn and sectioned and
      immunostained using a specific polyclonal antibody to MMP-1. Immunoreactivity was
      visualized using diaminobenzidine. To compare the staining intensity in various
      tissues, the mean optical density within the ciliary body, mid-iris stroma, iris
      root, uveal trabecular meshwork, cornea, and sclera was determined using imaging
      densitometry. To determine the cellular distribution of MMP-1 in ciliary muscle,
      additional sections were double-immunostained using antibodies to MMP-1 and
      calponin. These sections were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
      Specificity of the antibody to MMP-1 in ocular tissues was confirmed by western
      blot analysis with uveal tract homogenates. RESULTS: Moderate-to-strong MMP-1
      immunoreactivity was observed in ciliary muscle, iris, sclera, corneal
      endothelium, and ciliary nonpigmented epithelium. Lighter immunoreactivity was
      observed in corneal epithelium, blood vessels, trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's
      canal, and associated collector channels. Confocal microscopy showed that ciliary
      muscle MMP-1 was primarily inside ciliary muscle cells. Densitometry showed that
      net optical density was approximately fivefold greater in ciliary muscle, iris
      root, and sclera than in trabecular meshwork. CONCLUSIONS: MMP-1 was prominently
      identified in regions of the anterior segment of normal human eyes associated
      with the uveoscleral outflow pathway and in the iris, corneal endothelium, and
      ciliary nonpigmented epithelium. These data support the hypothesis that MMP-1
      activity is involved in regulating uveoscleral outflow facility.

PMID- 9950595
TI  - Effects of topical beta-blockers on the diameter of the isolated porcine short
      posterior ciliary artery.
AB  - PURPOSE: Based on diameter measurements on the short posterior ciliary artery,
      this study was intended to determine the direct pharmacologic effect of beta
      blockers; to determine the differences among a selective beta-blocker betaxolol,
      a beta-blocker with intrinsic sympathetic activity befunolol, and a nonselective
      beta-blocker timolol; and to find experimental evidence for the indirect
      hemodynamic effect of beta-blockers. METHODS: A segment of isolated porcine short
      posterior ciliary artery was cannulated at both ends and mounted in a pressurized
      vessel chamber. Vessel diameter was measured as a function of beta-blocker
      concentration and as a function of change in transmural pressure. RESULTS: In the
      absence of flow, the mean effective doses (ED50) were 0.8 +/- 0.3 mM, 1.0 +/- 0.3
      mM, and 11.6 +/- 6.6 mM (SEM) for betaxolol, befunolol, and timolol,
      respectively. In the presence of flow, vessel diameter increased with an increase
      of transmural pressure. The mean relative diameter increased 4.2% +/- 1.0% (SEM)
      at a transmural pressure step from 30 mm Hg to 60 mm Hg. This increase was not
      significantly dependent on the presence of any of the beta-blockers. CONCLUSIONS:
      Only at concentrations far exceeding their expected plasma concentrations,
      betaxolol, befunolol, and timolol increased the diameter of the isolated porcine
      short posterior ciliary artery, as a result of their direct pharmacologic effect.
      Only the difference between the vasodilatory potency of the selective and the
      nonselective beta-blocker was significant: ED50 of betaxolol was 15 times smaller
      than ED50 of timolol. There was a positive correlation between the diameter of
      the isolated porcine short posterior artery (when used as a model for an
      intraocular artery) and the transmural pressure, which corroborates the indirect
      hemodynamic effect of beta-blockers. It is speculated that instillation of
      topical beta-blockers into the conjunctival sac may increase the perfusion of the
      optic nerve head by an indirect hemodynamic mechanism, but not by a direct
      pharmacologic mechanism.

PMID- 9950596
TI  - Comparative antiviral efficacies of cidofovir, trifluridine, and acyclovir in the
      HSV-1 rabbit keratitis model.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the relative antiviral inhibitory activity of topical 1%
      and 0.5% cidofovir, topical trifluridine (Viroptic; Burroughs-Wellcome, Research
      Triangle Park, NC), and topical acyclovir (Zovirax; The Wellcome Foundation,
      London, UK) during a 7-day period for the treatment of herpes simplex virus type
      1 (HSV-1) keratitis and HSV-1 replication in the New Zealand rabbit ocular model.
      METHODS: In a series of four experiments using a two-eye design, a total of 80
      New Zealand rabbits were inoculated in both eyes with HSV-1 McKrae after
      epithelial scarification. Forty-eight hours after inoculation, the rabbits were
      randomly assigned to a treatment group. Five treatment groups (16 rabbits/group)
      were evaluated: I, 1% cidofovir, twice daily for 7 days; II, 0.5% cidofovir,
      twice daily for 7 days; III, 3% acyclovir ointment, five times daily for 7 days;
      IV, 1% trifluridine, nine times daily for 3 days, then 4 times daily for 4 days;
      and V, control vehicle twice daily for 7 days. HSV-1 dendritic keratitis was
      graded in a masked fashion by slit-lamp examination on days 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11,
      and 14. Ocular viral cultures were obtained after slit-lamp examination on days
      1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, all four
      treatment groups demonstrated significantly lower viral titers, fewer HSV-1
      positive eyes/total during the treatment period, lower keratitis scores, fewer
      eyes with keratitis/total, and a shorter time to resolution of keratitis. Within
      the treatment groups, the 1% and 0.5% cidofovir treatments were significantly
      more effective than acyclovir and trifluridine as measured by the previous viral
      and keratitis parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Topical 1% and 0.5% cidofovir both
      appeared to be significantly more efficacious than topical trifluridine and
      acyclovir, during a 7-day course, in the treatment of experimental HSV-1 ocular
      disease in the New Zealand rabbit keratitis model.

PMID- 9950597
TI  - Acute inflammation of the eyelid and cornea in Staphylococcus keratitis in the
      rabbit.
AB  - PURPOSE: The inflammatory response during Staphylococcus keratitis was analyzed
      biochemically and histologically to determine the source of the neutrophils
      infiltrating the tear film and cornea. METHODS: Rabbit eyes were swabbed and then
      examined by slit-lamp microscopy at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 hours after
      intracorneal inoculation with Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial colony-forming
      units were quantified in the cornea, eyelid, and acute inflammatory exudate.
      Myeloperoxidase activity of ocular swabs of acute inflammatory exudate, corneal
      homogenates, and eyelid homogenates was determined. Gross and microscopic
      examinations of corneas and eyelids were performed. RESULTS: The colony-forming
      units per cornea exceeded 10(7) after 10 hours, whereas no bacteria were cultured
      from the eyelid until 15 hours postinfection. Slit-lamp examination revealed
      progressive pathology, and the myeloperoxidase activities of ocular swabs,
      corneas, and eyelids increased markedly by 15 hours postinfection. Corneas showed
      a wave of neutrophils moving from the tear film toward bacteria in the central
      corneal stroma and early neutrophil migration from the limbus into the stroma. In
      the eyelid, neutrophils migrated from the stromal vessels to the tear film.
      CONCLUSIONS: Staphylococcus keratitis in the rabbit causes acute inflammation in
      the overlying eyelid. Neutrophils of the acute inflammatory exudate interact with
      the infected cornea, whereas neutrophils migrating through the cornea from the
      limbus remained distant from the site of infection.

PMID- 9950598
TI  - The immunomodulatory effect of topical cyclosporin A in atopic
      keratoconjunctivitis.
AB  - PURPOSE: To perform a detailed examination of the immunomodulatory effects of
      topical cyclosporin A (CsA) in conjunctival tissue from patients with atopic
      keratoconjunctivitis (AKC). METHODS: Patients with active AKC were randomly
      allocated into two groups of four patients. For 3 months one group received 2%
      CsA drops, and the other group received placebo drops. Superior tarsal
      conjunctival biopsy specimens were harvested before and after treatment and
      examined by one- and two-color immunohistochemistry to compare leukocyte counts,
      HLA-DR+ and IL-2R+ cell counts, HLA-DR positivity of conjunctival epithelial
      cells, and counts of T cells expressing the cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3,
      IL-4, IL-5, and interferon (IFN)-gamma. RESULTS: Posttreatment values were
      significantly less than pretreatment values for the total number of leukocytes
      and in the numbers of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, CD20+ B cells,
      neutrophils, and macrophages, and there was a decrease in the CD4-CD8 ratio (P =
      0.03) in the CsA group. There was a reduction from before CsA treatment to after
      CsA-treatment in the numbers of HLA-DR+ and IL-2R+ cells (P = 0.03), but the
      reduction in the epithelial cell HLA-DR expression did not reach significance.
      The number of T cells staining for IL-3 and IL-5 was reduced, although not to
      statistical significance, but there was a significant reduction in the number of
      T cells expressing IL-2 and IFN-gamma (P = 0.03) after CsA treatment compared
      with initial values. There were no statistically significant differences between
      pretreatment and posttreatment values in the placebo group. There was a clinical
      improvement in the CsA group and a clinical worsening in the placebo group.
      CONCLUSIONS: The in vitro effects of CsA translate into a reduction in T cells, a
      normalization of the CD4-CD8 ratio, a decrease in T-cell activation, and a
      reduction in T-cell cytokine expression, especially IL-2 and IFN-gamma. The
      decrease in HLA-DR expression may be mediated by the change in IFN-gamma. There
      were fewer B cells but not fewer plasma cells after CsA and no change in IL-4
      expression, suggesting minimal effects on type I hypersensitivity responses.
      There was no significant reduction in mast cell or eosinophil numbers, but direct
      effects of topical CsA on their function may play a role in the therapy of ocular
      allergic disease. These results show that the beneficial effects of topical CsA
      in AKC are accompanied by important changes in conjunctival immune cell profiles.

PMID- 9950599
TI  - Oxidative stress induces differential gene expression in a human lens epithelial
      cell line.
AB  - PURPOSE: To identify differentially expressed genes in a human lens epithelial
      cell line exposed to oxidative stress. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase
      chain reaction (RT-PCR) differential display was used to evaluate differential
      gene expression in a human lens epithelial cell line (SRA 01-04) when cells were
      exposed for 3 hours to a single bolus of 200 microM hydrogen peroxide.
      Differentially expressed genes were identified through DNA sequencing and a
      nucleotide database search. Differential expression was confirmed by northern
      blot and RT-PCR analyses. RESULTS: Using 18 primer sets, 28 RT-PCR products were
      differentially expressed between control and hydrogen peroxide-treated cells. In
      stressed cells, mitochondrial transcripts nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      (NADH) dehydrogenase subunit 4 and cytochrome b were downregulated 4-fold. Of the
      cytoplasmic mRNAs, glutamine cyclotransferase decreased 10-fold, whereas cytokine
      inducible nuclear protein, alternative splicing factor 2, and beta
      hydroxyisobutyryl-coenzyme A hydrolase increased 2-, 4-, and 10-fold,
      respectively. Analysis of mitochondrial transcripts in a 24-hour time course
      showed that NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 mRNA decreased by 2-fold as early as 1
      hour after oxidative stress, whereas the rate of decrease was slower for
      cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase III, and 16S rRNA. CONCLUSIONS: Oxidative stress
      induced specific expressed gene changes in hydrogen peroxide-treated lens cells,
      including genes involved in cellular respiration and mRNA and peptide processing.
      These early changes may reflect pathways involved in the defense, pathology, or
      both of the lens epithelium, which is exposed to oxidative stress throughout
      life.

PMID- 9950600
TI  - The effects of digitalis-like compounds on rat lenses.
AB  - PURPOSE: Fundamental to the maintenance of ionic concentration gradients and
      transparency of the lens is the activity of Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase
      (ATPase) in the epithelial layer. Recent studies have identified endogenous
      digitalis-like compounds (DLCs) and 19-norbufalin and its peptide derivatives in
      human cataractous lenses. These compounds inhibit the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase
      and have been suggested to be involved in cataract formation. The present
      experiments were designed to test this hypothesis by determining the ability of
      digitalis and DLCs to induce changes in protein composition and leakage from rat
      lenses in organ culture. METHODS: DLCs were determined in rat lenses using three
      independent assays: interaction with ouabain antibodies, interaction with bufalin
      antibodies, and inhibition of [3H]-ouabain binding to red blood cells. Rat lenses
      were incubated in modified TC-199 medium in 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37 degrees C for
      the time of the experiment. The onset of cataractogenesis was assessed by
      measuring protein leakage from lenses and by crystallin composition in the lens
      and media. RESULTS: DLCs were present in rat lens with concentrations 7 to 30
      times higher in the capsular-epithelial layer than in the lens fibers regions.
      Ouabain, bufalin, digoxin, and DLC induced dose- and time-dependent leakage of
      protein from rat lenses. Lenses incubated with these compounds showed alterations
      in crystallin content consistent with changes that initiate opacity. All the
      compounds caused a multilayering of epithelial cells in the region surrounding
      the mitotic area and, at the same time, cell death in the central anterior
      region. CONCLUSIONS: Digitalis and endogenous DLCs are cataractogenic factors.
      These results, together with the demonstration of DLCs in the normal lens and
      their increased levels in human cataractous lenses, strongly suggest their
      involvement in the molecular mechanisms responsible for cataract formation.

PMID- 9950601
TI  - Effects of intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin and doxorubicin on the
      survival of abducens motoneurons.
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate in vivo the survival of abducens motoneurons (AMNs) at
      different periods of time after a single intramuscular injection of the
      neurotoxin botulinum toxin A (BTxA) or doxorubicin (DXR). METHODS: In Sprague
      Dawley rats, the AMNs were labeled with fluorogold (FG), which was applied
      intramuscularly in the lateral rectus muscle. The numbers of labeled neurons were
      determined in adult control animals; in young animals that had received
      intramuscular injections of 0.125, 0.250, 1, or 2 U BTxA; and in adult rats that
      had received 100 microg, 200 microg, or 300 microg DXR, at various survival
      times. RESULTS: In control animals, the numbers of FG-labeled motoneurons were
      similar to the numbers found by other investigators with the use of other
      retrogradely transported tracers; motoneuron numbers diminished with time after
      FG application. The numbers of FG-labeled neurons in the animals that had been
      injected with BTxA were similar to those found in control animals. However, there
      were fewer FG-labeled neurons in the animals injected with DXR. CONCLUSIONS:
      Fluorogold injected into the lateral rectus muscle can be used to label the AMNs.
      However, this tracer does not persist within the cytoplasm of the labeled neurons
      for more than 37 days. The intramuscular injection of 0.125, 0.250, 1, or 2 U
      BTxA does not induce significant motoneuron death in young rats 30, 60, or 90
      days after the injection. Doxorubicin injected intramuscularly causes variable
      amounts of motoneuron death that is related both to the survival period and to
      the amount of DXR injected.

PMID- 9950602
TI  - Na-K-Cl cotransport in normal and glaucomatous human trabecular meshwork cells.
AB  - PURPOSE: Previous results from this laboratory showed that intracellular volume
      of trabecular meshwork (TM) cells is regulated by the Na-K-Cl cotransport system.
      Other studies suggest that TM cell volume, in turn, is a determinant of
      permeability across the TM. Given that a decrease in outflow facility across the
      TM is thought to be the primary cause of elevated intraocular pressure in primary
      open-angle glaucoma, the present study was conducted to investigate the
      possibility that Na-K-Cl cotransport function may be altered in glaucomatous TM
      cells compared with normal TM cells. METHODS: Normal and glaucomatous human TM
      cells were cultured from donor eyes and trabeculectomy specimens, respectively.
      Trabecular meshwork cell monolayers were evaluated for Na-K-Cl cotransport
      activity, assessed as ouabain-insensitive, bumetanide-sensitive K influx using
      86Rb as a tracer for K. Cotransporter protein expression was determined by
      western blot analysis, and intracellular volume was determined radioisotopically
      using [14C]urea and [14C]sucrose as markers of total and extracellular water
      space, respectively. RESULTS: Na-K-Cl cotransport activity of glaucomatous TM
      cells was found to be reduced by 32% +/- 2% compared with that of normal TM
      cells, whereas western blot analyses showed that cotransporter protein expression
      in glaucomatous TM cells was reduced by 64% +/- 14% compared with expression in
      normal TM cells. Also, exposure of normal TM cells to 10 microM norepinephrine or
      50 microM 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate was found to diminish Na-K
      Cl cotransport activity, whereas these agents were without effect on glaucomatous
      TM cell cotransport. Finally, resting cell volume of glaucomatous TM cells was
      found to be increased compared with that of normal TM cells, whereas
      intracellular volume of both cell types was reduced after exposure to 10 microM
      benzmetanide or 10 microM bumetanide. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that
      Na-K-Cl cotransport function and regulation are altered in glaucomatous TM cells
      compared with that of normal TM cells. However, the observation that cell volume
      of glaucomatous TM cells is greater than that of normal TM cells, despite reduced
      Na-K-Cl cotransport activity, suggests that other volume-regulatory ion flux
      pathways may be involved in the reduced outflow of glaucoma.

PMID- 9950603
TI  - Neuropsychological impairment-associated visual field deficits in HIV infection.
      HNRC Group. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center.
AB  - PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between loss in peripheral visual
      sensitivity and neuropsychological functioning in seropositive patients with
      human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) without infectious retinopathy. METHODS:
      Subjects carefully screened for retinal disease and well-matched across
      demographic and medical variables were grouped according to normal (perimetry-nl)
      versus abnormal (perimetry-abnl) performance on achromatic automated perimetry
      and short-wavelength automated perimetry, standard clinical ophthalmologic
      measures of visual function. All subjects completed a detailed neuropsychological
      test battery and were classified as impaired or unimpaired, globally and across
      eight neurocognitive domains. Subjects were also classified according to whether
      they met diagnostic criteria for minor cognitive/motor disorder (MCMD) or HIV
      associated dementia (HAD). RESULTS: Visual field loss was associated with lower
      performance in the abstraction, perceptual-motor, learning, and motor domains.
      Significant group differences were also found on numerous individual
      neuropsychological tests. Based on clinical ratings, we found deficits in
      learning and motor functioning. No perimetry-nl subjects met criteria for MCMD or
      HAD, whereas 32% of perimetry-abnl subjects met diagnostic criteria for syndromic
      cognitive disorders (five MCMD and one HAD). In a subset of subjects who
      underwent a lumbar puncture, there was a trend for the perimetry-abnl group to
      have a higher concentration of beta2 microglobulin, a marker for central nervous
      system immune activation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that in some HIV
      infected people reduced visual function may be caused by nonretinal disease, and
      perimetry may present a sensitive measure of HIV-related brain dysfunction.

PMID- 9950604
TI  - The relationships of age changes in retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's
      membrane.
AB  - PURPOSE: To study the correlations between age, Bruch's membrane (BM) thickness,
      retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) autofluorescence, and RPE residual body content.
      METHODS: Eight-millimeter-diameter macular discs from 88 unpaired human eye bank
      eyes were obtained within 72 hours of death, fixed in 10% neutral buffered
      formalin, and hemisected horizontally. One portion of the macular disc was
      embedded in paraffin and stained with periodic acid-Schiff for the measurement of
      BM thickness. RPE autofluorescence measurements were performed on unstained,
      deparaffinized sections. A second portion of the macular disc was prepared for
      electron microscopy to evaluate RPE residual body content. Linear and polynomial
      regression techniques were used to investigate the correlations between age, BM
      thickness, RPE autofluorescence, and RPE residual body content. RESULTS: Bruch's
      membrane thickness increased with age according to the linear model. RPE
      autofluorescence and RPE residual body content also increased with age, but the
      correlations were best approximated by a quadratic model. The correlations
      between RPE autofluorescence and residual body content and between BM thickness
      and RPE autofluorescence were best approximated by a linear regression model.
      There was considerable variation in these correlations between specimens and
      within the same age group. CONCLUSIONS: Although the changes in RPE and Bruch's
      membrane increased with age and there was a direct correlation between changes in
      the two tissues, there was considerable variation within each age group and
      between specimens. This probably reflects the multifactorial nature of the
      process.

PMID- 9950605
TI  - Roles of constitutive nitric oxide synthase in postischemic rat retina.
AB  - PURPOSE: Nitric oxide is a reactive species that could be protective or
      destructive to the retina depending on the stage of the evolving ischemic
      process. This study was conducted to obtain a better understanding of the roles
      of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) during reperfusion after ischemia in
      rat retina. METHODS: Retinal ischemia was induced for 60 minutes in Sprague
      Dawley rats by ligating the optic nerve. Gene expression for endothelial and
      neuronal nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and nNOS) was studied by reverse
      transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To inhibit cNOS, NG-nitro-L
      arginine (L-NNA) was injected intraperitoneally four times (every 6 hours)
      beginning 2 hours after reperfusion, for a total dose of 80 mg/kg. Retinal damage
      was assessed by the rate of a- and b-wave recovery on electroretinograms and by
      the thickness of the retinal layers. Retinal circulation and vessel diameter were
      evaluated by the dye-dilution technique. RESULTS: After ischemia ended, eNOS mRNA
      initially decreased until 6 hours, then increased to a peak at 12 hours, and
      decreased progressively beyond 24 hours until the final measurement at 96 hours
      of reperfusion. nNOS mRNA decreased to nearly undetectable levels during the same
      measurement periods. L-NNA treatment enhanced reduction of a- and b-wave
      amplitudes and increased thinning of the inner retina in postischemic eyes.
      Retinal mean circulation time was markedly prolonged in L-NNA-treated
      postischemic eyes. Arterial mean transit times were 2.1-fold and 4.5-fold longer
      in L-NNA-treated postischemic eyes than in L-NNA-treated nonischemic eyes and in
      D-NNA-treated postischemic eyes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that
      postischemic inhibition of NOS worsens retinal damage after ischemia-reperfusion
      and alters postischemic retinal circulation. Nitric oxide may play an important
      role in protecting the retina from ischemic injury, possibly by preventing
      postischemic hypoperfusion.

PMID- 9950606
TI  - Suppression of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization by oral tranilast in
      the rat.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine whether tranilast administered to pigmented rats inhibits
      formation of choroidal neovascularization induced by diode-laser
      photocoagulation. METHODS: Female Brown Norway rats were used. On day 0,
      choroidal neovascularization was induced by diode-laser photocoagulation, using a
      setting of 75 microm spot size, 0.1 second's duration, and 100 mW intensity.
      Tranilast (200 or 600 mg/kg per day) was administered orally twice daily for 14
      days. Indomethacin (1 and 5 mg/kg per day) was administered orally once a day for
      14 days. Choroidal neovascularization was evaluated on days 7 and 14 by fundus
      photography and fluorescein angiography. Late-phase fluorescein angiography was
      scored according to four grades. The animals were killed on day 14, and the
      lesions were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: In the vehicle-treated group, 34
      of 35 burns (97%) showed fluorescein staining and late leakage on day 14.
      Choroidal neovascularization was identified by light microscopy in all the
      lesions that showed fluorescein staining and late leakage. The score of
      fluorescein staining was reduced in rats given 200 mg/kg per day or 600 mg/kg per
      day (P < 0.01) of tranilast. The thickness of the laser-induced lesions was
      reduced in a dose-dependent manner by tranilast, a significant difference was
      observed with 600 mg/kg per day (P < 0.05). Oral indomethacin treatment did not
      reduce fluorescein staining on day 14. CONCLUSIONS: Tranilast inhibits the
      development of choroidal neovascularization in this experimental model.

PMID- 9950607
TI  - Fate of human retinal pigment epithelial cells seeded onto layers of human
      Bruch's membrane.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the fate of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells
      seeded onto different layers of human Bruch's membrane (BM). METHODS: Bruch's
      membrane explants were prepared from 16 human cadaver eyes (7 eyes age <50 years;
      9 eyes >50 years) by removing native RPE cells with ammonium hydroxide to expose
      the RPE cell basal lamina (BL). The inner collagenous layer (ICL) and elastin
      layer (EL) were exposed by removing apical layers sequentially by mechanical and
      enzymatic means. Synchronized first passage human RPE cells (15,000 cells/(6-mm
      diameter explant) were plated onto each layer of human BM. The RPE cell
      reattachment and apoptosis rates at 24 hours, proliferation rates and mitotic
      index 24 hours after growth stimulation, and the ability of RPE cells to
      repopulate the explant surface were determined on each layer. RESULTS: RPE cell
      reattachment was highest on BL but decreased on deeper layers of BM. The
      apoptosis rate of attached cells increased as deeper layers of BM were exposed.
      The proliferation rate and mitotic index of the grafted cells were higher on BL
      than on deeper layers. RPE cells plated onto BL repopulated the explant surface
      within 14 +/- 3 days, whereas cells plated onto the ICL and EL eventually died
      and never reached confluence. CONCLUSIONS: The fate of RPE cells seeded onto BM
      depends on the ultrastructural layer of BM available for reattachment. These
      findings suggest that the ability of transplanted RPE cells to repopulate bare BM
      will depend on the layer of BM available for RPE cell reattachment.

PMID- 9950608
TI  - Suppression of NF-kappaB-dependent proinflammatory gene expression in human RPE
      cells by a proteasome inhibitor.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine whether nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is
      activated in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells in response to
      interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), or
      interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) alone or in combination and if so, whether
      expression of proinflammatory genes induced by these agents can be blocked by a
      proteasome inhibitor, MG-132, which inhibits the degradation of I kappaB, an NF
      kappaB inhibitor, thereby preventing nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. METHODS:
      Cultured hRPE were pretreated for 60 minutes with medium alone or medium
      containing the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 (20 microM) and then exposed to TNF
      alpha (1.1 x 10(3) U/ml), IL-1beta (5 U/ml), or IFN-gamma (7.5 x 10(3) U/ml)
      alone or in combination (TII). Nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB was determined
      by fluorescence staining of the NF-kappaB Rel A (p65) subunit. Cytoplasmic I
      kappaB protein was measured by western blot analysis. Nuclear extract binding to
      kappaB DNA motifs was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and
      antibody supershift assay. Steady state mRNA expression of the chemokines
      melanoma growth stimulating activity (MGSA)/gro-alpha, regulated on activation
      normal T-cell expression and secreted (RANTES), and monocyte chemoattractant
      protein (MCP-1), the cytokines IL-1beta and macrophage colony stimulating factor
      (M-CSF) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was evaluated by
      semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Chemokine and
      cytokine protein secretion was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
      Cell-surface ICAM-1 expression was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: TNF
      alpha, IL-1beta, and TII but not IFN-gamma alone caused degradation of I kappaB,
      Rel A nuclear translocation, and increased NF-kappaB DNA binding activity,
      effects that were blocked by pretreatment with MG-132. MG-132 suppressed MGSA/gro
      alpha, RANTES, MCP-1, IL-1beta, M-CSF, and ICAM-1 mRNA expression and secreted
      RANTES, MCP-1, and M-CSF protein, and cell-surface ICAM-1 that were induced by IL
      1beta, TNF-alpha, and TII. CONCLUSIONS: TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and TII induce
      expression of proinflammatory cytokines and ICAM-1 in hRPE cells through an NF
      kappaB-dependent signal transduction pathway. This effect is blocked by MG-132, a
      proteasome inhibitor that prevents I kappaB degradation. Inhibition of NF-kappaB
      may be a useful strategy to treat proliferative vitreoretinopathy and uveitis,
      ocular diseases initiated and perpetuated by cytokine activation.

PMID- 9950609
TI  - Histamine immunoreactive axons in the macaque retina.
AB  - PURPOSE: The goal of these experiments was to identify the neurotransmitter in
      centrifugal axons of the macaque retina. METHODS: Macaca mulatta retinas and
      optic nerves were fixed overnight in carbodiimide and labeled with an antiserum
      to histamine with the use of an immunofluorescence technique. RESULTS: Several
      large histamine-immunoreactive axons ran from the optic nerve head to the
      peripheral retina, where they branched extensively and terminated in the inner
      plexiform layer, occasionally alongside retinal blood vessels. Other axons that
      emerged from the optic nerve head ran in the optic fiber layer to the central
      retina, circled the fovea, and then returned to the optic disc. These may be the
      source of histamine-immunoreactive axons that have been observed in central
      visual areas. No labeled cell bodies were present in the retina. Because
      perikarya in the posterior hypothalamus are the only known source of histamine in
      the primate central nervous system and because neurons there can be retrogradely
      labeled from the cut optic nerve, the histamine-immunoreactive axons must have
      originated there. CONCLUSIONS: Centrifugal axons in the macaque retina are part
      of the system of axons containing histamine that originate in the hypothalamus
      and project throughout the brain. Because the activity of these neurons is
      highest during the morning, histamine might play a role in preparing the retina
      to operate in daylight. The contacts of histamine-immunoreactive axons with blood
      vessels suggest that histamine may also play a role in regulating the retinal
      microvasculature.

PMID- 9950610
TI  - Agreement between grating acuity at age 1 year and Snellen acuity at age 5.5
      years in the preterm child. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity
      Cooperative Group.
AB  - PURPOSE: To examine the relation between grating acuity at age 1 year and Snellen
      acuity and grating acuity at 5.5 years, in preterm children with birth weights
      less than 1251 g. METHODS: Subjects were participants in the multicenter study of
      Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity. The Teller acuity card (TAC; Vistech
      Consultants, Dayton, OH) procedure was used to measure monocular grating acuity
      in children at ages 1 and 5.5 years. Early-treatment diabetic retinopathy study
      (ETDRS) charts were used to measure the childrens' monocular recognition
      (Snellen) acuity at age 5.5 years. Data are presented for 575 eyes with
      measurable TAC grating acuity at 1 year and 111 eyes that had no measurable
      acuity at 1 year. RESULTS: Among eyes with normal acuity at 1 year, 86.8% showed
      normal Snellen acuity, and 94.3% showed normal grating acuity at 5.5 years. Among
      eyes that were blind (i.e., had no measurable TAC grating acuity) at 1 year,
      96.8% showed no quantifiable Snellen acuity, and 89.2% showed no quantifiable
      grating acuity at 5.5 years. Only 2.4% of eyes had acuity in the range between
      normal and blind at 1 year (i.e., measurable grating acuity <1.6 cyc/deg); thus,
      the predictive value of acuity scores in this range could not be determined.
      Correlation analysis indicated that the relative position within the normal range
      of an eye's grating acuity score at 1 year was not predictive of the relative
      position within the normal range of that eye's acuity score at 5.5 years.
      CONCLUSIONS: Among a large population of low-birth-weight infants, eyes with
      normal grating acuity at age 1 year generally showed normal Snellen and grating
      acuity at age 5.5 years, and eyes that had no quantifiable acuity at 1 year
      remained blind at 5.5 years. Relative position of an eye's acuity score within
      the normal range was not predictive of the relative position of that eye's later
      acuity score.

PMID- 9950611
TI  - Crowding in central and eccentric vision: the effects of contour interaction and
      attention.
AB  - PURPOSE: To quantify the crowding effect with eccentric stimuli and to determine
      the relative contribution of neural interaction and attention to crowding in
      central and eccentric vision. METHODS: Monocular visual acuity was measured with
      computer-generated tumbling E and Landolt C targets presented centrally or at 2
      degrees in the right visual field. Crowding distractors were designed to cause
      increasing contour interaction or increasing need for focused attention. A four
      alternative forced-choice method of constant stimuli was used. In experiment 2
      the distance between the target and the distractors was varied. RESULTS: Data are
      presented in terms of normalized visual acuity. Crowding in central vision was
      minimal, mainly caused by contour interaction, and did not occur with distractors
      more than four stroke widths distant. Crowding in eccentric vision was far
      greater in magnitude and extent (occurring for distractors as far as 16 stroke
      widths distant) and was caused by contour interaction and attentional factors.
      CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that eccentric vision differs quantitatively
      and qualitatively from central vision. The extent of contour interaction effects
      are consistent with the proposed size of cortical processing zones. The results
      are discussed with reference to current theories of preattentive and attentive
      tasks and with reference to subjects with low vision due to central scotoma who
      use an eccentric retinal locus for fixation.

PMID- 9950612
TI  - Measurement of corneal sensitivity to mechanical and chemical stimulation with a
      CO2 esthesiometer.
AB  - PURPOSE: To develop an instrument to measure corneal sensitivity. Mechanical
      stimulation was performed with increasing air flow. Chemical stimulation
      consisted of local pH decreases induced by a mixture of air and CO2 at different
      concentrations. METHODS: Air and 98.5% CO2 were mixed with an electronic,
      proportional-direction control valve to obtain gas mixtures from 0% to 80% CO2.
      The regulated outflow of gas was carried to a probe mounted on a slit lamp
      holder, where it was warmed and its CO2 concentration monitored. An electronic
      valve directed gas pulses of controlled duration to the cornea. Corneal
      stimulation was performed in 17 young human subjects. The intensity of the
      experienced sensation was recorded in a continuous visual analog scale (VAS). To
      obtain threshold values and intensity-response curves, 3-second pulses were
      applied. For mechanical stimulation, air pulses of increasing flow were used. For
      chemical stimulation, gas mixtures of increasing CO2 concentration at
      subthreshold flow and CO2 in stepped increases of 5% was applied. RESULTS:
      Mechanical and chemical stimulation of the cornea evoked a brief sensation of
      irritation. Mechanical threshold (flow values) varied among subjects but were
      reproducible within each subject and were higher with warmed air. The magnitude
      of the sensation increased proportionally to the flow of air. The mean chemical
      stimulation threshold (CO2 concentration) was 25% +/- 3%. Increases in CO2
      concentration from 10% to 80% augmented proportionally the intensity of the
      evoked sensation. CONCLUSIONS: The gas esthesiometer, which combines variable air
      flow and CO2 concentrations, permits application to the cornea of mechanical
      stimuli of controlled force and pH reductions of increasing magnitude. This
      instrument may be useful in a separate exploration of mechanical and chemical
      sensitivity of the cornea in human subjects.

PMID- 9950613
TI  - Cell surface regulators of complement, 5I2 antigen, and CD59, in the rat eye and
      adnexal tissues.
AB  - PURPOSE: Cell surface complement regulatory proteins have been identified in high
      levels in ocular tissues, but no experimental model is available for examining
      their physiological roles. To develop such a model, the distribution of 5I2
      antigen, a protein possessing the functions of the human decay-accelerating
      factor (DAF [CD55]) and membrane cofactor protein (MCP [CD46]), and rat
      inhibitory protein (CD59), the homologue of the human membrane inhibitor of
      reactive lysis (MIRL[CD59]) were characterized in the rat eye and ocular adnexal
      structures. METHODS: After euthanasia of female Wistar rats, followed by orbital
      exenteration, eyelids and orbital tissue including the lacrimal gland were
      separated from the globes and immediately snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen at -70
      degrees C. Tissues then were sectioned at -20 degrees C and examined
      immunohistochemically for 5I2 antigen and rat CD59. RESULTS: Both molecules were
      found to be present in high levels in multiple sites. Corneal and conjunctival
      epithelia showed moderate to intense labeling for both regulators. Fibroblasts in
      the corneal stroma, conjunctiva, and sclera labeled similarly. Corneal
      endothelial cells showed intense labeling for rat CD59 but not for 5I2 antigen.
      The iris and ciliary body showed intense labeling for both proteins. The retina
      showed labeling at multiple levels, with that of rat CD59 being more intense than
      that of 5I2 antigen. The lacrimal gland labeled for both regulators. Vessels,
      muscle, and nerves in the orbit labeled intensely for both antigens. In the
      eyelid, conjunctiva, sebaceous glands, and muscle and nerve tissues labeled
      moderately to intensely for both molecules, whereas skin epithelium labeled less
      intensely. CONCLUSIONS: 5I2 antigen and rat CD59 are expressed in high levels and
      distributed similarly in the rat eye and lacrimal gland to DAF, MCP, and MIRL in
      the human eye and lacrimal gland. These findings establish the rat ocular surface
      as a model for studying the role of cell surface complement regulators in this
      site. This first identification of copious expression of these proteins in eyelid
      structures, which also participate in protection of the ocular surface, further
      suggests an important role for surface complement regulatory proteins in this
      location.

PMID- 9950614
TI  - Cellular response in subretinal neovascularization induced by bFGF-impregnated
      microspheres.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the sequence of cellular changes associated with a new
      rabbit model of subretinal neovascularization (SRN) induced by subretinal
      injection of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-impregnated microspheres.
      METHODS: bFGF-impregnated gelatin microspheres, prepared by forming a polyion
      complex between gelatin and bFGF, were subretinally implanted into rabbit eyes.
      The eyes were studied by immunochemistry at 3 days to 8 weeks after implantation.
      Antibodies to CD4, CD8, cytokeratin, CD31, glial fibrillary acidic protein
      (GFAP), and RAM11 were used. RESULTS: Cytokeratin-positive retinal pigment
      epithelial (RPE) cells appeared on day 3 and continued to increase in number in
      the subretinal space throughout the growth of the SRN membrane, becoming the
      predominant cell type. Macrophages (RAM11-positive) appeared early, but most
      disappeared within 7 days. GFAP-positive Muller cells were evident early in the
      retina but migrated into the subretinal space after 7 days; the gliotic adhesion
      they formed between the retina and the SRN membrane was prominent at 8 weeks.
      CD31-positive endothelial cells were first evident at 14 days and formed
      neovascular channels that were still present for up to 8 weeks. CD4- and CD8
      positive lymphocytes appeared in the early stages but were few in number.
      CONCLUSIONS: SRN membranes are primarily composed of RPE cells and vascular
      endothelial cells. The membrane adheres to the retina by a gliotic band. The
      cellular components involved in the membrane of this model resemble those found
      in SRN membranes removed from patients with age-related macular degeneration.

PMID- 9950615
TI  - A possible role for p16INK4 in neuronal cell death after retinal ischemia
      reperfusion injury.
AB  - PURPOSE: To study whether cell type-specific death occurs in retinal ischemia
      reperfusion injury and the possible roles of p16INK4 in the determination of cell
      death. METHODS: Retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced in rats by a
      ligation method. After 1 hour of ischemia and a time of reperfusion that varied,
      rat eyes were enucleated. Cell death in the retina was studied by the TdT-dUTP
      terminal nick-end labeling method and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Electron
      microscopic observation of the retina was also performed. Immunohistochemical
      studies using antibodies against syntaxin and calbindin were performed to detect
      amacrine cells and horizontal cells, respectively, and immunohistochemical
      studies using an antibody against p16INK4 were performed to study whether this
      cell cycle-related protein was expressed in dying cells. RESULTS: Most of the
      calbindin-positive horizontal cells in the outer aspect of the inner nuclear
      layer (INL) showed morphologic features of necrosis. In contrast, syntaxin
      positive amacrine cells in the inner aspect of the INL showed features of
      apoptosis. Of 320 calbindin-positive horizontal cells, only 11 (3.4%) showed
      positive PI staining. Those calbindin-positive, horizontal cells were p16INK4
      positive. In contrast, 746 of 910 (82.0%) syntaxin-positive amacrine cells showed
      condensed PI staining, and none were p16INK4 positive. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of
      p16INK4 may regulate the fate of retinal neurons in ischemia-reperfusion injury,
      and cell type-specific death thus occurs in the retina after such injury.

PMID- 9950616
TI  - Polarity of 11-cis retinal release from cultured retinal pigment epithelium.
AB  - PURPOSE: Fetal bovine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was grown on porous
      supports to investigate the polarity of 11-cis retinal (RAL) release from these
      cells and the influence that the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein
      (IRBP) has on this process. METHODS: [3H]all-trans retinol (ROL) was delivered to
      the basal surface of the cultured RPE by serum retinol-binding protein (RBP). Apo
      IRBP was added to either the apical or basal medium, or was absent from the
      incubation entirely. RESULTS: The greatest level of [3H]11-cis RAL was detected
      in the apical medium but only when apo IRBP was present there. When apo IRBP was
      present only in the basal medium, or was absent from the incubation entirely, low
      levels of [3H]11-cis RAL were released apically and basally. CONCLUSIONS: If 11
      cis RAL release were constitutive, one would expect to find elevated levels of
      this retinoid in the apical and basal media in the absence of apo IRBP. Instead,
      the enhancement of [3H]11-cis RAL release into the apical, but not the basal,
      medium in the presence of apo IRBP suggests that [3H]11-cis RAL release is
      polarized and dependent on the presence of apo IRBP. It is postulated, therefore,
      that a mechanism such as an IRBP membrane receptor in the apical plasma membrane
      may be responsible for this polarity.

PMID- 9950617
TI  - Prevention of lens damage associated with cigarette smoke exposure in rats by
      alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) treatment.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the possible protective effect and mechanism of alpha
      tocopherol (vitamin E) treatment on lens degeneration associated with in vivo
      exposure to cigarette smoke and to further clarify the role of iron in cigarette
      smoke-generated lens damage. METHODS: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly
      divided into four equal groups. Rats in groups 3 and 4 were exposed to cigarette
      smoke for 1 hour each day over 90 consecutive days, and rats in groups 1 and 2
      were treated in similar fashion but only exposed to room air. Additionally,
      vitamin E was given to the rats in groups 2 and 4 via intramuscular route. At the
      end of the study, both eyes of all the animals were enucleated; one eye was
      prepared for histopathologic examination, and the fellow eye was used for the
      measurement of iron and calcium levels. RESULTS: Significantly higher iron and
      calcium levels were observed in the lenses of group 3 rats than in other groups.
      Similar comparisons performed between groups 1 and 2, groups 1 and 4, and groups
      2 and 4 did not show any significant difference. Distinct histopathologic changes
      in the anterior lens epithelium, such as hyperplasia, hypertrophy, epithelial
      multilayering, and the presence of epithelial cells over posterior lens capsule,
      observed in group 3 rats were not present in other groups. CONCLUSIONS:
      Cataractogenesis after cigarette smoke exposure was associated with an
      accumulation of iron and calcium in the rat lens, and vitamin E supplementation
      protected such accumulations and cataractogenesis.

PMID- 9950618
TI  - Measurement of aqueous humor flow by fluorophotometry in the presence of a
      dilated pupil.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine by means of fluorophotometry whether pharmacologic dilation
      of the pupil can interfere with the measurement of aqueous flow. METHODS: Ten
      normal human volunteers underwent dilation with tropicamide, phenylephrine, and a
      combination of the two drugs. Before and after dilation, the rate of aqueous flow
      was measured by the rate of disappearance of fluorescein from the cornea and the
      anterior chamber. RESULTS: Dilation of the pupil with tropicamide alone had no
      effect on the rate of clearance of fluorescein. Dilation with phenylephrine
      increased the rate of clearance of fluorescein by 40% and caused a small increase
      in the variability among subjects. Dilation with a combination of tropicamide and
      phenylephrine caused clearance of fluorescein at more than double the normal rate
      and a marked increase in variability among subjects. CONCLUSIONS: When the pupil
      is dilated sufficiently to permit mixing of aqueous humor in the posterior and
      anterior chambers, fluorescein can leave the system by a posterior route, and its
      rate of clearance may not be an accurate measure of the net rate of aqueous humor
      flow through the anterior chamber.

PMID- 9950619
TI  - Role of vertebral arteries hypoplasia in migraine.

PMID- 9950620
TI  - Further observations on postspinal headache.

PMID- 9950621
TI  - Differential effects of the 5HT1B/1D receptor agonist naratriptan on trigeminal
      versus spinal nociceptive responses.
AB  - In vivo electrophysiological assays in anesthetized rats have been used to
      compare the effects of the 5HT1B/1D receptor agonist, naratriptan, on central
      trigeminal nociceptive processing from dural and cutaneous inputs with its
      effects on nociceptive processing in the spinal cord. Naratriptan inhibited
      responses of single trigeminal neurons, to noxious electrical and mechanical
      stimulation of the dura and face, dose dependently by a maximum of 67+/-3% and
      70+/-18%, respectively, at 3 mg kg(-1) i.v. In contrast, naratriptan did not
      affect spinal dorsal horn neuronal responses to noxious mechanical stimulation of
      the hind-paw. These findings suggest that 5HT1B/1D receptors have differential
      effects on nociceptive processing in the trigeminal versus spinal dorsal horns
      and provide a potential explanation for the lack of general analgesic effects of
      brain penetrant 5HT(1B/1D) agonist antimigraine drugs.

PMID- 9950622
TI  - Abnormal 24-hour urinary excretory pattern of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin in both
      phases of cluster headache.
AB  - The typical cyclic occurrence of cluster headache suggests the involvement of
      hypothalamic rhythm regulating centers in the pathogenesis of this primary
      headache. In previous studies, reduced 24-h plasma melatonin levels during the
      cluster period, loss of circadian melatonin secretion in remission, as well as
      permanently reduced excretion of urinary melatonin in both illness phases have
      been reported, supporting the hypothesis of a hypothalamic derangement. In this
      study, the 24-h urinary excretion of the main melatonin metabolite, 6
      sulphatoxymelatonin, was evaluated in 20 cluster period cluster headache
      patients. Thirteen were retested 12 months later, in the same period of the year,
      during remission. Fourteen age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were the
      controls. As expected, significantly higher levels of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin were
      present in nocturnal urine than in day-time urine in controls, while in both
      cluster headache groups urinary levels of this metabolite did not differ between
      day and night. Nocturnal levels of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin were significantly lower
      in both cluster headache groups than controls. Day-time levels did not differ
      significantly between the groups. Altered excretion of urinary 6
      sulphatoxymelatonin even during remission indicates that at least some of these
      anomalies are independent of the pain, and provides further evidence of
      involvement of the hypothalamic rhythm regulating centers in cluster headache.

PMID- 9950623
TI  - Combined evaluation of pupillary and cardiovascular responses to cold pressor
      test in cluster headache patients.
AB  - Little is known about the structures and mechanisms involved in the
      pathophysiology of cluster headache (CH). In this study, pupillary and
      cardiovascular responses to the cold pressor test (CPT) were monitored in CH
      patients during either an active phase of disease or a remission period in order
      to evaluate the oculocephalic and cardiovascular functioning of the autonomic
      nervous system in this form of idiopathic headache. CH patients showed a specific
      pattern of pupillary response on both sides during both phases of the disease.
      This response differed from that of controls because of an absent miosis. The
      pressor response to CPT was more marked in CH patients than in controls. Naloxone
      pretreatment caused specific and selective changes in both the pupillary and
      cardiovascular responses of CH patients. These data suggest a systemic
      sympathetic hyperactivation in response to CPT in CH patients. An oculocephalic
      sympathetic hypofunction is possibly associated as well as an altered opioid
      neuromodulation.

PMID- 9950624
TI  - Thermal sensitivity in unilateral headaches.
AB  - Thermal thresholds were measured in the face (first and second trigeminal area),
      over the mastoid process (C2-3 area), and in the hands in patients with migraine
      (n=17), cluster headache (n=22), and cervicogenic headache (n=20). Significant
      symptomatic versus nonsymptomatic side differences were generally not found for
      any headache group. Cluster headache patients had significantly higher warm
      thresholds than controls (n=24) for most of the cephalic points. Cervicogenic
      headache patients had significantly higher warm and cold thresholds than controls
      (n=56) at several cephalic and noncephalic points. Warm thresholds over the
      mastoid process on the symptomatic side were higher in cervicogenic headache
      patients compared to the other groups. In migraine patients, thermal thresholds
      were similar to those in controls. Thus, we found no evidence of focal or
      unilateral peripheral somatic nerve dysfunction involving C or A-delta fibers in
      any of the studied headache groups, although a C2-3 root dysfunction in
      cervicogenic headache could not be excluded. A bilateral central sensory
      dysfunction in cluster headache and cervicogenic headache may be hypothesized but
      a generalized peripheral dysfunction can also explain our results.

PMID- 9950625
TI  - Role of vertebral artery hypoplasia in migraine.
AB  - The role of cerebral hypoperfusion in the posterior circulation has not been
      clearly established in migraine. The purpose of this study was to determine the
      role of vertebral artery (VA) hypoplasia in the pathogenesis of migraine. We
      studied the extracranial part of VA in 59 migraine patients (17 with and 42
      without aura) using color Doppler. In migraine with aura, 29% of patients had
      hypoplastic VA, and in migraine without aura 7%. In migraine with aura, mean
      diameter of the right VA was 2.7+/-0.7 mm, and of the left 3.3+/-0.7 mm; in
      migraine without aura mean diameter was 3.1+/-0.5 mm on the right, and 3.3+/-0.6
      on the left. In migraine with aura, mean systolic blood flow velocity was 55+/-16
      cm/s on the right, 60+/-17 cm/s on the left, in migraine without aura 57+/-18
      cm/s on the right, 57+/-18 cm/s on the left. We observed higher frequency of
      hypoplastic VA in migraine with aura, suggesting that hypoplasia of VA may be an
      additional factor which can lead to hypoperfusion in the posterior circulation
      during the aura phase.

PMID- 9950626
TI  - Headache in hypothyroidism. Prevalence and outcome under thyroid hormone therapy.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of headache in patients with hypothyroidism.
      DESIGN: A prospective study of a cohort of patients with hypothyroidism. SETTING:
      Outpatients or inpatients in a headache clinic and endocrinological clinic.
      PATIENTS: 102 adults, ages 35 to 78 (83F, 19M) experiencing clinical and
      biological hypothyroidism. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients with hypothyroidism of
      102 (30%) presented with headache 1 to 2 months after the first symptoms of
      hypothyroidism. The headache was slight, nonpulsatile, continuous, bilateral, and
      salicylate responsive and disappeared with thyroid hormone therapy. CONCLUSION:
      The authors believe there is a prevalence of nonspecific headache in
      hypothyroidism and that it has a particular response to thyroid hormone therapy.
      Hypothyroidism is another cephalalgia with an endocrinological cause after
      menstrual cephalalgia. We suspect a metabolic or vascular pathophysiological
      process.

PMID- 9950627
TI  - Migraine with aura: a review of 81 patients at 10-20 years' follow-up.
AB  - We investigated the evolution over time of migraine with aura (MA) in a number of
      MA patients consecutively referred to the University of Parma Headache Center in
      the period 1976-86. The follow-up period chosen for our review of the clinical
      condition of patients varied from a minimum of 10 years to a maximum of 20 years.
      The study group comprised 81 patients (55F, 26M), 21 of them (14.2%) with at
      least one parent with MA. Migraine without aura (MO) was also present in 29.6% of
      the patients studied. Currently, 35% of patients (29.4% F, 46.1% M) have been
      free from attacks for at least 1 year and 19.4% (13.6% F, 30.8% M) for over 5
      years. Moreover, the frequency of attacks has decreased considerably in 54.4% of
      cases (50% F, 63.7% M); it has increased in only 25% (26.1% F, 22.7% M). The
      headache has disappeared completely in 11.1% of patients (8.0% F, 18.2% M); it
      has become less severe in 36.2% and more severe in only 5.5%. The results of our
      investigation point to a favorable evolution of MA over time.

PMID- 9950628
TI  - Pain location and associated symptoms in post-lumbar puncture headache.
AB  - In this prospective study of 239 patients, 88 (37%) suffered from post-lumbar
      puncture headache (PPH). The pain was located within the region innervated by the
      trigeminal nerve in 49% of the drawings, within the occipital and/or suboccipital
      region in 11%, and within the combined trigeminal/occipital region in 39%. The
      headache was unilateral at least once in 34% of the patients. Changes in pain
      location from one region to the other and/or between bilateral and unilateral
      headache were observed in 54% of the patients throughout the PPH period.
      Associated symptoms were experienced by 85%, nausea (73%) and dizziness (60%)
      being the most frequently reported. In the upright position, nausea, dizziness,
      and tinnitus tended to be present during a fairly large part of the PPH period
      (57-63% of the days), vomiting occurring only occasionally (28%). The intensity
      of associated symptoms was positively correlated to PPH severity. Pain in the
      combined trigeminal/occipital region was most severe and related to more
      associated symptoms than pain in other regions, and unilateral pain was milder
      than bilateral pain. Pain in the occipital and/or suboccipital region was
      mildest. The severity of nausea decreased significantly on the last 2 days of the
      PPH period, and the intensity of dizziness decreased when PPH was about to
      subside. Tinnitus is probably due to a cochlear dysfunction, and presents special
      characteristics. Its incidence was not clearly related to PPH severity and it
      increased with increasing duration of PPH; its intensity did not decline when PPH
      was about to wane.

PMID- 9950629
TI  - Feverfew as a preventive treatment for migraine: a systematic review.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Feverfew is a popular herbal remedy advocated for the prevention of
      migraine. AIM: The aim of this systematic review was to look at the evidence for
      or against the clinical effectiveness of feverfew in migraine prevention. DATA
      SOURCES: Literature searches were performed using the following databases:
      Medline, Embase, Biosis, CISCOM, and the Cochrane Library (all from their
      inception to April 1998). STUDY SELECTION: Only randomized, placebo-controlled,
      double-blind trials were included. DATA EXTRACTION: All articles were read by two
      independent reviewers. Data were extracted in a predefined, standardized fashion.
      The methodological quality of all trials was evaluated using the Jadad score.
      MAIN RESULTS: Five trials met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The majority
      favor feverfew over placebo. Yet important caveats exist. CONCLUSION: The
      clinical effectiveness of feverfew in the prevention of migraine has not been
      established beyond reasonable doubt.

PMID- 9950630
TI  - Facial pain in a case of cranial dystonia: a case report.
AB  - A 76-year-old man had shown sustained excruciating facial pain in the maxillary
      region for more than 30 years. Since he was suffering from blepharospasm, facial
      electromyography was performed and revealed a perioral dystonia. This possible
      cause of facial pain might have been overlooked had dystonia not been considered
      and electromyographical studies performed. Repeated intramuscular perioral
      injections of botulinum toxin brought about complete pain relief. This case shows
      that involuntary activity of facial muscles can cause a severe chronic pain
      syndrome. Possible mechanisms include irritation of ascending trigeminal fibers,
      muscle ischemia due to compression of blood -vessels, or release of pain
      producing substances.

PMID- 9950631
TI  - Hypnic headache syndrome. Reply to Dr. Ravishankar.

PMID- 9950632
TI  - Use of infrared spectroscopy to assess secondary structure of human growth
      hormone within biodegradable microspheres.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to test the utility of infrared (IR) spectroscopy
      to determine protein secondary structure in biodegradable microspheres.
      Encapsulation of proteins within biodegradable polymers, [e.g. poly(lactic-co
      glycolic acid) (PLGA)] for controlled drug release has recently been the subject
      of intense research effort. The ability to assess protein integrity after
      microsphere production is necessary to successfully produce microspheres that
      release native proteins. We used IR spectroscopy, a noninvasive method-as opposed
      to conventional organic solvent extraction or in vitro release at elevated
      temperature-to assess the secondary structure of recombinant human growth hormone
      (rhGH) within dry and rehydrated microspheres. PLGA microspheres containing rhGH
      with different excipients were prepared by a conventional double-emulsion method.
      The protein IR spectra indicated that the encapsulation process could perturb the
      structure of rhGH and that excipients could inhibit this damage to varying
      degrees. A strong positive correlation was found between intensity of the
      dominant alpha-helical band in the spectra of rhGH in rehydrated microspheres and
      the percent monomer released from microspheres during incubation in buffer. We
      also studied microspheres prepared with zinc-precipitated rhGH. The addition of
      Zn2+ during microsphere processing partially inhibited protein unfolding and
      fostered complete refolding of rhGH upon rehydration. In conclusion, IR
      spectroscopy can serve as a valuable tool to assess protein structure within both
      dried and rehydrated microspheres.

PMID- 9950633
TI  - On the structural preservation of recombinant human growth hormone in a dried
      film of a synthetic biodegradable polymer.
AB  - In this work we describe the structural investigation of the model protein
      recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) under conditions relevant to polymeric
      sustained-delivery depots, including the dried protein entrapped in a film of
      poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic)acid. At each step of the procedure, dehydration of
      rhGH by lyophilization, suspension in methylene chloride, and drying from that
      suspension, the structure of rhGH was probed noninvasively using Fourier
      transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We found that the structure of rhGH was
      significantly changed by the dehydration process as indicated by a marked drop in
      the alpha-helix content and increase in the beta-sheet content. Subsequent
      suspension of this powder in methylene chloride, drying from that suspension, and
      drying from a methylene chloride/PLGA solution introduced only minor additional
      structural changes when using appropriate conditions. This result is likely due
      to the limited molecular mobility of proteins in nonprotein-dissolving organic
      solvents. Finally, when rhGH was co-lyophilized with the lyoprotectant trehalose,
      which preserves the secondary structure, the rhGH entrapped in the PLGA matrix
      also had a nativelike secondary structure.

PMID- 9950634
TI  - Pressure susceptibility of polymer tablets as a critical property: a modified
      Heckel equation.
AB  - The pressure susceptibility (chip), which is defined as the decrease of porosity
      (epsilon) under pressure was investigated. Of special interest are compacts
      obtained at very low pressures, because of the transition between the state of a
      powder and the state of a tablet. This range was found to be critical in respect
      to a diverging pressure susceptibility. Above a critical porosity (epsilonc) or
      below the corresponding relative density (rhoc), no pressure susceptibility can
      be defined, because of no rigid structure exists. To take this into account, a
      simple function was proposed for the pressure susceptibility: chip approximately
      1/(epsilonc - epsilon). This proposal leads to a new porosity vs pressure
      relationship. The new model was compared to the Heckel equation that involves a
      constant pressure susceptibility. Various polymers were tested from "out of die"
      measurements, and the new relationship was found superior to the Heckel equation.
      As a conclusion, the pressure susceptibility exhibits a curvature that can be
      called critical at low relative densities. Consequently, a better understanding
      evolves as to why the Heckel equation is not valid at low pressures. The new
      model has proven to be adequate for polymer tablets but, so far it is not clear
      whether other substances exhibit the same performance. Especially tableting
      materials exhibiting brittle fracture will be of interest considering their
      importance in compaction technology.

PMID- 9950635
TI  - Permeability characteristics of novel mydriatic agents using an in vitro cell
      culture model that utilizes SIRC rabbit corneal cells.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the permeability characteristics of a
      previously reported in vitro corneal model that utilizes SIRC rabbbit corneal
      cells and to investigate the permeability of three novel esters of phenylephrone
      chemical delivery systems (CDS) under different pH conditions using this in vitro
      model. The SIRC rabbit corneal cell line was grown on transwell polycarbonate
      membranes, and the barrier properties were assessed by measuring transepithelial
      electrical resistance (TEER) using a voltohmmeter. The permeabilities of esters
      of phenylephrone CDS across the SIRC cell layers were measured over a pH range
      4.0-7. 4. The esters tested include phenylacetyl (1), isovaleryl (2), and pivalyl
      (3). The SIRC rabbit corneal cell line, when grown on permeable filters, formed
      tight monolayers of high electrical resistance with TEER values increasing from
      71.6 +/- 20.8 Omega.cm2 at day 3 in culture to 2233.42 +/- 15.2 Omega.cm2 at day
      8 in culture and remained constant through day 14 in culture. The transepithelial
      permeability coefficients (Papp) at pH 7.4 ranged from 0.58 x 10(-6) cm/s for the
      hydrophilic marker, mannitol, to 43. 5 x 10(-6) cm/s for the most lipophilic
      molecule, testosterone. The Papp at pH 7.4 for phenylephrine was 4.21 x 10(-6)
      cm/s. The Papp values and the lag times of the three esters of phenylephrone were
      pH dependent. The Papp for 1, 2, and 3 at pH 7.4 were 14.76 x 10(-6), 13.19 x 10(
      6), and 12.86 x 10(-6) cm/s, respectively and the permeabilities decreased at
      conditions below pH 7.4. The lag times at pH 7.4 were 0.10, 0.17, and 0.12 h for
      1, 2, and 3, respectively, and the values increased at lower pH conditions. The
      TEER values of SIRC cell line observed at day 8 to day 14 in the present
      investigation are similar to the resistance value reported for rabbit cornea (2
      kOmega.cm2). All the esters showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher permeabilities
      than phenylephrine at pH 7.4. The rate and extent of transport of the drugs
      across the cell layers were influenced by the fraction of ionized and un-ionized
      species and the intrinsic partition coefficient of the drug. The results indicate
      that the permeability of ophthalmic drugs through ocular membranes may be
      predicted by measuring the permeability through the new in vitro cell culture
      model.

PMID- 9950637
TI  - Process control in a high shear mixer-granulator using wet mass consistency: the
      effect of formulation variables.
AB  - This work investigates the relationships between the wet mass
      consistency/viscosity of samples prepared in a mixer-granulator and physical
      properties of the dry granules produced from the wet mass; namely, size
      distribution, bulk density (Hausner ratio), friability, and flow avalanching
      behavior. The correlation between the consistency of the wet mass and the
      downstream dry granule properties confirms that consistency is the key parameter
      to control in wet granulation by mechanical agitation. Variations in the
      formulation affect the dimensionless power relationship of the mixer-granulator
      considered; that is, the equivalence between wet mass consistency and mixer net
      power consumption, which is actually the parameter used to monitor the wet
      granulation process. The same variations in formulation also affect the
      relationships between wet mass consistency and dry granule properties.

PMID- 9950636
TI  - Differences in the lipoprotein distribution of halofantrine are regulated by
      lipoprotein apolar lipid and protein concentration and lipid transfer protein I
      activity: in vitro studies in normolipidemic and dyslipidemic human plasmas.
AB  - The purpose of these studies was to determine the distribution of a lipophilic
      antimalarial agent, halofantrine hydrochloride (Hf), in fasted plasma from hypo-,
      normo-, and hyperlipidemic patients that displayed differences in lipoprotein
      concentration and lipid transfer protein I (LTP I) activity. To assess the
      influence of modified lipoprotein concentrations and LTP I activity on the plasma
      distribution of Hf, Hf at a concentration of 1000 ng/mL was incubated in either
      hypo-, normo-, or hyperlipidemic human plasma for 1 h at 37 degreesC. Following
      incubation, the plasma samples were separated into their lipoprotein and
      lipoprotein-deficient plasma (LPDP) fractions by density gradient
      ultracentrifugation and assayed for Hf by high-pressure liquid chromatography.
      The activity of LTP I in the dyslipidemic plasma samples was determined in terms
      of its ability to transfer cholesteryl ester from low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
      to high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Total plasma and lipoprotein cholesterol
      (esterified and unesterified), triglyceride, and protein levels in the
      dyslipidemic plasma samples were determined by enzymatic assays. When Hf was
      incubated in normolipidemic plasma for 1 h at 37 degreesC, the majority of drug
      was found in the LPDP fraction. When Hf was incubated in human plasma of varying
      total lipid, lipoprotein lipid, and protein concentrations and LTP I activity,
      the following relationships were observed. As the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein
      (TRL) lipid and protein concentration increased from hypolipidemia through to
      hyperlipidemia, the proportion of Hf associated with TRL increased (r > 0.90). As
      the HDL lipid and protein concentration increased, the proportion of Hf
      associated with HDL decreased (r > 0.70). As the total and lipoprotein lipid
      levels increased, the LTP I activity of the plasma also proportionally increased
      (r > 0.85). Furthermore, with the increase in LTP I activity, the proportion of
      Hf associated with the TRL fraction increased (r > 0.70) and the proportion of Hf
      associated with the HDL fraction decreased (r > 0.80). In addition, a positive
      correlation between the proportion of apolar lipid and Hf recovered within each
      lipoprotein fraction was observed within hypo- (r > 0.80), normo- (r = 0.70), and
      hyperlipidemic (r > 0.90) plasmas. These findings suggest that changes in the HDL
      and TRL lipid and protein concentrations, LTP I activity, and the proportion of
      apolar lipid within each lipoprotein fraction may influence the plasma
      lipoprotein distribution of Hf in dyslipidemia.

PMID- 9950638
TI  - Existence of a mannitol hydrate during freeze-drying and practical implications.
AB  - We report thermal and crystallographic evidence for a previously unknown mannitol
      hydrate that is formed in the process of freeze-drying. The mannitol hydrate was
      produced by freeze-drying pure mannitol solutions (1-4% w/v) using the following
      cycle: (1) equilibration at -5 degreesC for 1 h; (2) freezing at -40 degreesC;
      (3) primary drying at -10 degreesC for 15 h; and (4) secondary drying at 10
      degreesC for 2 h and then 25 degreesC for 5 h. This crystal form was also
      observed upon freeze-drying in the presence of sorbitol (1% w/v). The mannitol
      hydrate showed a distinct X-ray powder diffraction pattern, low melting point,
      and steplike desolvation behavior that is characteristic of crystalline hydrates.
      The mannitol hydrate was found to be metastable, converting to anhydrous
      polymorphs of mannitol upon heating and exposure to moisture. The amount of the
      mannitol hydrate varied significantly from vial to vial, even within the same
      batch. The formation of mannitol hydrate has several potential consequences: (1)
      reduced drying rate; (2) redistribution of the residual hydrate water during
      accelerated storage to the amorphous drug; and (3) vial-to-vial variation of the
      moisture level.

PMID- 9950639
TI  - Stability and surface activity of lactate dehydrogenase in spray-dried trehalose.
AB  - The stability of the model protein lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) during spray
      drying and also on subsequent dry storage was examined. Trehalose was used as a
      carrier. The spray-drying temperatures Tinlet and Toutlet have a measurable
      effect on LDH inactivation. Low Tinlet produced the least process inactivation,
      but gave a high residual moisture content making the protein's storage stability
      poor. High Tinlet reduced residual moisture and improved storage stability, but
      at the cost of high process inactivation. As already found for other systems,
      addition of a surfactant (in this case polysorbate 80) could ameliorate process
      inactivation of LDH at Tinlet = 150 degreesC. Surfactant had, however, a
      deleterious effect on storage stability of LDH, the vital factor being the molar
      ratio of surfactant/protein in the dried product. By using electron spectroscopy
      it was shown that LDH has a 10 times higher surface concentration in the dried
      trehalose particles than expected for a homogeneous distribution. Surface tension
      measurements at the water/air interface proved that LDH is surface active,
      although the Gibbs equation appeared to be inapplicable. Calculations of spray
      droplet formation time and drying time indicate than the extent of diffusion
      driven LDH adsorption to the liquid/air interface is sufficient to account for
      the measured amount of LDH inactivation during spray-drying. The presence of 0.1%
      polysorbate 80 to the spray solution prevents LDH from appearing at the surface
      of the dried particles. As a negative control, the phosphatide Lipoid E 80 does
      not prevent the appearance of LDH in the surface according to electron
      spectroscopy and does not therefore prevent LDH inactivation during spray-drying
      at Tinlet = 150 degreesC.

PMID- 9950640
TI  - Inulin hydrogels as carriers for colonic drug targeting. Rheological
      characterization of the hydrogel formation and the hydrogel network.
AB  - Free radical polymerization converts aqueous solutions of methacrylated inulin
      into cross-linked hydrogels. The purpose of this work was to study the hydrogel
      formation and to characterize the fully cured hydrogels. The gelation process of
      aqueous solutions of methacrylated inulin was monitored as a function of time by
      means of linear oscillatory shear measurements, at a fixed frequency and
      amplitude. The fully cured inulin hydrogels were characterized by measurement of
      the frequency-dependency of the linear elastic modulus G'. The effects of the
      degree of substitution and feed concentration of methacrylated inulin on both the
      gelation kinetics and the rigidity of the obtained hydrogels were determined. The
      effect of the concentration of the initiators of the radical polymerization
      reaction has been studied as well. The weight fraction of polymer which was not
      incorporated in the hydrogel networks was determined using the anthrone reaction,
      and physical chain entanglements were determined by solution viscosity
      measurements. The gelation kinetics and the elastic modulus were proportional to
      the degree of substitution and feed concentration of methacrylated inulin.
      Increasing concentrations of radical-forming compounds also accelerated the
      hydrogel formation, but lowered the elastic modulus of the obtained hydrogels.
      The amount of polymer chains incorporated in the hydrogel network seemed to be
      especially influenced by the degree of substitution of the derivatized inulin,
      and for a feed concentration of 27% w/w of methacrylated inulin, entanglements
      have to be accounted for. The gelation kinetics and the elastic modulus of inulin
      hydrogels are not only affected by the degree of substitution and the feed
      concentration of methacrylated inulin, but also by the concentration of the
      initiators of the free radical polymerization reaction.

PMID- 9950641
TI  - Controlled release of human immunoglobulin G. 1. Release kinetics studies.
AB  - The release of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) using ethylene-vinyl acetate
      copolymer (EVAc) as a polymer carrier was studied by fabricating them into two
      commercially available dosage forms: slab and microsphere. A first-order flux
      decay model and two hierarchical models concerned with the mass transfer
      coefficient on the slab surface were used to describe the mechanism of release
      kinetics and the results compared. These models gave insight to some of the
      important physical parameters of drug release such as the diffusion coefficient,
      time constant of release, and initial flux. It was found that the release
      mechanism varies with time, and hence no single model can be used to predict the
      release profile for the entire period of study. A controlled release study by
      matrix coating was also done. The results obtained were utilized to examine the
      suitability of a particular dosage form (matrix geometry) of IgG for clinical
      applications. The release data compared with the standard methods of IgG therapy
      proves localized drug delivery to be a major boon for immunodeficient patients.

PMID- 9950642
TI  - Controlled release of human immunoglobulin G. 2. Morphological characterization.
AB  - Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) serves as an important chemotherapeutic agent for a
      number of immunological ailments and as a carrier in the targeted delivery of
      other therapeutic agents. This paper deals with the characterization of IgG
      dispersed monolithic matrixes of different geometries, prepared using a
      nonbiodegradable polymer carrier EVAc. The morphological changes associated with
      the matrix during drug release was studied using scanning electron microscopy,
      polarizing microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron
      microscopy, and the results were compared. The study answered the burst effect
      problem significantly and illustrated the potential of these techniques in
      understanding the morphological structure of matrixes and mode of release
      kinetics.

PMID- 9950643
TI  - Prediction of partition coefficient based on atom-type electrotopological state
      indices.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of atom-type
      electrotopological state indices for estimation of the octanol-water partition
      coefficient (log P) values in a set of 345 drug compounds or related complex
      chemical structures. Multilinear regression analysis and artificial neural
      networks were used to construct models based on molecular weights and atom-type
      electrotopological state indices. Both multilinear regression and artificial
      neural networks provide reliable log P estimations. For the same set of
      parameters, application of neural networks provided better prediction ability for
      training and test sets. The present study indicates that atom-type
      electrotopological state indices offer valuable parameters for fast evaluation of
      octanol-water partition coefficients that can be applied to screen large
      databases of chemical compounds, such as combinatorial libraries.

PMID- 9950644
TI  - Pharmacodynamic analysis of the electrocardiographic interaction between
      disopyramide and erythromycin in rats.
AB  - Disopyramide (DP) is known to induce QT prolongation and Torsades de Pointes
      (TdP) when administered concomitantly with erythromycin (EM). To define and
      evaluate quantitatively the arrhythmogenic risk of the concomitant administration
      of DP and EM, we investigated the influence of EM on the pharmacokinetics and
      pharmacodynamics of DP in rats. The time profiles of change in QT interval and
      plasma concentration of each drug were evaluated during and after constant
      intravenous infusion of DP (6.0 or 15.0 mg/kg/h), EM (4.0 or 8.0 mg/kg/h), and
      coadministration of DP and EM (DP 6.0 mg/kg/h plus EM 4.0 mg/kg/h). Each agent
      induced QT prolongation at plasma concentrations within the therapeutic range in
      humans. DP-induced QT prolongation was proportional to its plasma concentration.
      In the case of EM, the Emax model with an "effect compartment" could explain the
      relationship between plasma EM concentrations and changes in QT interval.
      Although coadministration of EM with DP gave enhanced QT prolongation compared to
      dosing with DP alone, EM did not affect the pharmacokinetics of DP. In
      conclusion, it was shown that a pharmacodynamic interaction contributes to the
      electrocardiographic adverse reaction (i.e., QT prolongation) induced by
      coadministration of DP and EM in rats.

PMID- 9950645
TI  - Hydrogen bonding. 47. Characterization of the ethylene glycol-heptane partition
      system: hydrogen bond acidity and basicity of peptides.
AB  - Twelve measured ethylene glycol-heptane partition coefficients, Peh, have been
      combined with 20 measured literature values and 44 indirectly determined values
      to give a set of 76 values. Excluding one value for benzamide, the log Peh values
      are correlated through our general solvation equation, log Peh = 0.336 - 0.075R2 
      1. 201pi2H - 3.786 Sigmaalpha2H - 2.201 Sigmabeta2H + 2.085Vx with r2 = 0.966,
      sd = 0.28, and F = 386. The solute descriptor R2 is the excess molar refraction,
      pi2H is the dipolarity/polarizability, Sigmaalpha2H and Sigmabeta2H are the
      overall hydrogen bond acidity and basicity, and Vx is the McGowan volume. The log
      Peh equation has then been used to obtain descriptors for eleven peptides, all of
      which are end-protected. It is shown that for these end-protected peptides,
      hydrogen bond basicity makes a greater contribution to log Peh than does hydrogen
      bond acidity.

PMID- 9950646
TI  - Application of surface-coated liposomes for oral delivery of peptide: effects of
      coating the liposome's surface on the GI transit of insulin.
AB  - We prepared two kinds of surface-coated liposomes and investigated their
      potencies as oral dosage forms for peptide drugs by focusing on their effects on
      the gastrointestinal (GI) transit of drugs. The surface of the liposomes was
      coated with poly(ethylene glycol) 2000 (PEG-Lip) or the sugar chain of mucin
      (Mucin-Lip). As a model peptide drug, insulin was encapsulated in these
      liposomes. Coating the surface with poly(ethylene glycol) was found to reduce the
      transit rate of liposomes in the small intestine after oral administration to
      rats in vivo. Mucin-Lip was retained in the stomach longer than PEG-Lip or
      uncoated liposomes. The effect of surface coating on the intestinal transit of
      liposomes was determined by means of in situ single pass perfusion in the rat
      small intestine. Statistical moment analysis was applied to the outflow pattern
      of both liposomes and encapsulated insulin. The mean transit time (MTT) and
      deviation of transit time (DTT) in the intestinal tract were calculated. The MTT
      of PEG-Lip was much longer than those of uncoated liposomes and Mucin-Lip and was
      significantly shortened after removal of the intestinal mucous layer. These
      results indicated that PEG-Lip interacts strongly with the intestinal mucous
      layer, leading to its slow transit in the intestine. In contrast, coating the
      liposome's surface with mucin did not affect either the MTT or DTT of liposomes
      in the intestine. This result is in accordance with the in vivo observation that
      Mucin-Lip was highly retained in the stomach, but not in any region of the small
      intestine in vivo. Both the MTT and DTT values of insulin encapsulated in PEG-Lip
      and Mucin-Lip were almost the same as those of liposomes themselves, suggesting
      that surface-coated liposomes retained insulin in the intestinal tract. However,
      MTT and DTT of insulin were significantly shorter than those of uncoated
      liposomes because these liposomes degraded and released significant amounts of
      insulin during single pass perfusion. The ability of surface-coated liposomes,
      especially of PEG-Lip, to interact with the mucus layer and slow the transit rate
      in the GI tract is considered desirable for oral delivery of peptide drugs.
      Modification of the liposomal surface with appropriate materials, therefore,
      should be an effective method by which to achieve the oral delivery of peptide
      drugs.

PMID- 9950647
TI  - Enhancement of paracellular drug transport with highly quaternized N-trimethyl
      chitosan chloride in neutral environments: in vitro evaluation in intestinal
      epithelial cells (Caco-2).
AB  - Previous studies have established that a partially quaternized derivative of
      chitosan, N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), can be used as an absorption
      enhancer for large hydrophilic compounds across mucosal surfaces. This study
      evaluates and compares the effects of the degree of quaternization of TMC, in a
      neutral environment, on the permeability of intestinal epithelial cells in vitro,
      where normal chitosan salts are ineffective as absorption enhancers. The effects
      of TMC-H [61.2% quaternized, (0.05-1.5% w/v)], TMC-L [12.3% quaternized, (0.5
      1.5% w/v)], and chitosan hydrochloride [0.5-1.5% w/v] on the transepithelial
      electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability, for the hydrophilic model compound
      [14C]mannitol, of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers, were investigated
      at pH values of 6.20 and 7.40. The viability of the monolayers was checked with
      the trypan blue exclusion technique. At a pH of 6.20, all the polymers caused a
      pronounced reduction (37-67% at 0.5% w/v concentrations) in the TEER of Caco-2
      cells. On the contrary, at a pH of 7.40, only TMC-H was able to decrease the TEER
      values, even in a concentration as low as 0.05% w/v (35% reduction). Comparable
      results were obtained with the permeation of [14C]mannitol. Large increases in
      the transport rate (18-23-fold at 0.5% w/v concentrations) were found at pH 6.20,
      whereas only TMC-H was able to increase the permeation of [14C]mannitol at pH
      7.40 (31-48-fold at 0.05-1.5% w/v concentrations of TMC-H). For all the polymers
      studied, no deleterious effects to the cells could be demonstrated with the
      trypan blue exclusion technique. It is concluded that highly quaternized TMC is a
      potent absorption enhancer and the potential use of this polymer, especially in
      neutral and basic environments where normal chitosan salts are not effective, is
      expected to be an important contribution to the development of effective delivery
      systems for hydrophilic compounds such as peptide drugs.

PMID- 9950648
TI  - The versatility of polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) as an ionophore.
AB  - A number of experiments were performed to illustrate the unusual versatility of
      Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) as an ionophore. New ions shown to be transported by it
      from and to water layers through a model membrane (CH2Cl2) include H3O+, Li+,
      Pb2+, Co2+, piperidinium ion, guanidinium ion, and Paraquat, while two complex
      ions resisted transport under the conditions used. "Reverse" transport of
      lipophilic guests (azobenzene, azulene, ferrocene) from and to organic solvents
      through water was also promoted by Tween 80, but C60 was not carried. Three water
      molecules were transported per molecule of KSCN by the Tween.

PMID- 9950649
TI  - Powder densification. 1. Particle-particle basis for incorporation of
      viscoelastic material properties.
AB  - The present investigation was undertaken to examine the basic unit of
      densification: the particle-particle indentation. The true interparticle contact
      area that is established during densification ultimately determines the quality
      of the tablet compact. By examining the interfacial contact between mutually
      indenting viscoelastic particles, the process of contact evolution may be
      represented in mathematical form through extension of the classical Hertzian
      elastic contact description to encompass material viscoelastic terms. In this
      way, the time-dependent response of materials to applied loads may be addressed
      explicitly. The effects of rates of applied loading and maximum load levels were
      also considered. This analysis was based on viscoelastic stress data collected
      using an instrumented Instron analyzer during the densification of PMMA/coMMA, a
      pharmaceutical polymeric coating material. A crossed cylinder matrix compaction
      geometry was used to simulate the geometry of two mutually indenting spherical
      particles. Numerical and graphical solutions delineating the relationship between
      contact area evolution and the prescribed loading force are presented. This
      particle-particle description of the contacting interface serves as a unit basis
      for describing the entire powder bed. The powder bed may ultimately be modeled as
      a collection of these particles in contact.

PMID- 9950650
TI  - Dose-dependent plasma clearance of MK-826, a carbapenem antibiotic, arising from
      concentration-dependent plasma protein binding in rats and monkeys.
AB  - After intravenous administration of MK-826, a new carbapenem antibiotic, the
      compound exhibited nonlinear pharmacokinetics in rats and monkeys. In both
      species, time-averaged plasma clearance (based on total concentrations) increased
      about 5-fold over the 10- to 180-mg/kg dose range. MK-826 was extensively plasma
      protein bound in rat and monkey plasma, and the extent of binding was
      concentration dependent at plasma concentrations achieved after administration of
      these doses. Rosenthal analysis of the plasma protein binding indicated that
      there were two classes of binding sites. The binding capacity of the primary site
      was comparable to the plasma albumin concentration, which suggested that this
      primary site consisted of a single site on albumin. The extent of binding of MK
      826 to rat albumin was similar to that in whole plasma. Clearance values based on
      unbound concentrations appeared independent of dose from 10 to 180 mg/kg, which
      is consistent with saturation of protein binding as the primary cause of the
      nonlinear pharmacokinetic behavior.

PMID- 9950652
TI  - Dynamic holographic imaging of the beating human heart : february 9, 1999 

PMID- 9950651
TI  - Dynamic holographic imaging of the beating human heart 
AB  - Background--Currently, the reporting and archiving of echocardiographic data
      suffer from the difficulty of representing heart motion on printable 2
      dimensional (2D) media. Methods and Results--We studied the capability of
      holography to integrate motion into 2D echocardiographic prints. Images of normal
      human hearts and of a variety of mitral valve function abnormalities (mitral
      valve prolapse, systolic anterior motion of the mitral leaflets, and obstruction
      of the mitral valve by a myxoma) were acquired digitally on standard
      echocardiographic machines. Images were processed into a data format suitable for
      holographic printing. Angularly multiplexed holograms were then printed on a
      prototype holographic "laser" printer, with integration of time in vertical
      parallax, so that heart motion became visible when the hologram was tilted up and
      down. The resulting holograms displayed the anatomy with the same resolution as
      the original acquisition and allowed detailed study of valve motion with side-by
      side comparison of normal and abnormal findings. Comparison of standard
      echocardiographic measurements in original echo frames and corresponding hologram
      views showed an excellent correlation of both methods (P<0.0001, r2=0.979, mean
      bias=2.76 mm). In this feasibility study, both 2D and 3D holographic images were
      produced. The equipment needed to view these holograms consists of only a simple
      point-light source. Conclusions--Holographic representation of myocardial and
      valve motion from echocardiographic data is feasible and allows the printing on a
      2D medium of the complete heart cycle. Combined with the recent development of
      online holographic printing, this novel technique has the potential to improve
      reporting, visualization, and archiving of echocardiographic imaging.

PMID- 9950653
TI  - Studying populations and heart disease risk.

PMID- 9950654
TI  - Function of the cardiac myocyte in the conundrum of end-stage, dilated human
      heart failure.

PMID- 9950655
TI  - NPR-A-Deficient mice show increased susceptibility to hypoxia-induced pulmonary
      hypertension.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Mice in which the gene encoding NPR-A, a guanylyl cyclase-linked
      natriuretic peptide receptor, has been disrupted were used to examine the
      contribution of natriuretic peptides to maintaining pulmonary vascular
      homeostasis in normal- and low-oxygen environments. METHODS AND RESULTS: Wild
      type (+/+), heterozygous (+/-), and homozygous null mutants (-/-) were studied.
      The response of the pulmonary vasculature to atrial, B-type, and C-type
      natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, and CNP) during acute hypoxia was studied in
      isolated perfused lungs. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), RV weight,
      and pulmonary vascular remodeling were measured in each genotype exposed to
      normal air and after 7 and 21 days in a hypoxic atmosphere (10% O2). ANP and BNP
      (300 ng) reduced pulmonary artery pressure during acute hypoxia-induced pulmonary
      vasoconstriction in +/+ mice, but this effect was attenuated in +/- and absent in
      -/- mice. CNP (600 ng) had little effect in all 3 genotypes. RVSP and RV weight
      were similar in the 3 genotypes housed in a normal-O2 environment. Seven and 21
      days of hypoxia produced a pronounced and significantly greater increase in RVSP
      and RV weight in -/- mice compared with +/+ or +/- mice and more rapid
      muscularization of distal pulmonary arterioles. CONCLUSIONS: ANP and BNP do not
      contribute to maintaining normal pulmonary artery pressure but play an important
      role in attenuating the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia. NPR-A mediates
      the vasorelaxant effect of ANP in pulmonary vasculature.

PMID- 9950656
TI  - Enhanced shear-induced platelet aggregation in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Experiments under controlled flow conditions indicate that the
      binding of von Willebrand factor (vWF) to platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ibalpha and
      integrin alphaIIbbeta3 (GP IIb/IIIa complex) is crucial for aggregation at
      elevated shear rates. We have tested how the plasma of patients with acute
      myocardial infarction affects this process. METHODS AND RESULTS: Citrated plasma
      was obtained from 18 patients with acute myocardial infarction within 6 hours
      from the onset of symptoms and from 26 control subjects with chest pain syndrome
      without evidence of ischemia. Aggregation of normal platelets at high shear rates
      was significantly greater in the presence of patient than control plasma and was
      inhibited by both anti-GP Ibalpha and anti-alphaIIbbeta3 monoclonal antibodies.
      The observed values (mean+/-SD) were 47.6+/-17.8% versus 30.1+/-9.9% at 10 800 s
      1 (P<0.01) and 32.9+/-14.1% versus 17.5+/-9.5% at 7200 s-1 (P<0.01),
      respectively, and were positively correlated with plasma vWF antigen levels and
      ristocetin cofactor activities. In contrast, at the lower shear rate of 1200 s-1,
      aggregation was similar in the presence of control or patient plasma and was not
      inhibited by the anti-GP Ibalpha antibody. Both vWF antigen and platelet
      aggregation decreased 2 weeks after the onset of myocardial infarction.
      CONCLUSIONS: Shear-induced platelet aggregation is enhanced in plasma in the
      presence of acute myocardial infarction, apparently as a result of increased vWF
      concentration. This may contribute to the onset of acute coronary artery
      thrombosis and early reocclusion after reperfusion treatment.

PMID- 9950657
TI  - Poor response to activated protein C as a prominent risk predictor of advanced
      atherosclerosis and arterial disease.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The potential role of activated protein C (APC) resistance in
      arterial thrombosis and disease is a matter of ongoing controversy. METHODS AND
      RESULTS: In the present population-based survey, a random sample of 826 men and
      women underwent high-resolution duplex ultrasound scanning of the carotid and
      femoral arteries. Response to APC was expressed in APC ratios. Subjects were
      tested for the factor V Leiden mutation. The risk of carotid stenosis increased
      gradually with decreasing response to APC (adjusted OR [95% CI] for a 1-U
      decrease of response to APC, 1.6 [1. 2 to 2.2]), as did the risk of femoral
      artery stenosis (1.7 [1.3 to 2.3]) and prevalent cardiovascular disease (1.4 [1.1
      to 2.0]). The association between low APC ratio and atherosclerotic vascular
      disease applied equally to subjects with the factor V Leiden mutation and those
      without. Our study identified various nongenetic determinants of poor response to
      APC in the general population, including behavioral, hormonal, and environmental
      factors. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed an independent and gradual
      association between low response to APC and both advanced atherosclerosis
      (stenosis) and arterial disease. Resistance to APC due to factor V Leiden
      mutation was only one facet of this relationship.

PMID- 9950658
TI  - Rapid platelet-function assay: an automated and quantitative cartridge-based
      method.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor is important in
      mediating platelet thrombus formation, and the GP IIb/IIIa antagonist abciximab
      (c7E3 Fab; ReoPro) is effective in preventing thrombotic ischemic cardiovascular
      complications of unstable angina and percutaneous coronary interventions. Small
      molecule antagonists of GP IIb/IIIa based on the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence show
      similar benefit, and some of these agents are orally active. However, there may
      be significant interindividual variation in response to such antagonists,
      especially with chronic oral therapy. It will be essential to balance the
      beneficial antithrombotic effect of these drugs with their potential for causing
      bleeding. In response to this need, we have developed a rapid platelet-function
      assay (RPFA), a point-of-care system that provides a quantitative measure of the
      competence of the GP IIb/IIIa receptor as reflected in the ability of platelets
      to agglutinate fibrinogen-coated beads. METHODS AND RESULTS: Polystyrene beads
      were coated with fibrinogen and placed in a cartridge along with a lyophilized
      peptide that activates the thrombin receptor. Anticoagulated whole blood was
      added to the cartridge, and then a microprocessor-controlled operation mixed the
      reagents and detected agglutination between platelets and coated beads.
      Quantitative digital results were displayed within 3 minutes. Because there is no
      dilution of the blood, the assay can be used to measure platelet activity in
      samples that have been treated with GP IIb/IIIa antagonists with high
      dissociation rates. RPFA results of whole-blood samples treated with different GP
      IIb/IIIa antagonists correlated well with both conventional turbidimetric
      platelet aggregation (r2=0.95) and the percentage of free GP IIb/IIIa molecules
      in the sample (r2=0.96). The mean difference in measurements between RPFA and
      aggregometry was -4% (+/-4% SD), and the mean difference in measurements between
      RPFA and free GP IIb/IIIa receptors was -2% (+/-6% SD). CONCLUSIONS: The RPFA
      provides rapid information on platelet function that mirrors turbidimetric
      platelet aggregation and reflects GP IIb/IIIa receptor blockade.

PMID- 9950659
TI  - Heterogeneity of coronary flow reserve in the examination of multiple individual
      allograft coronary arteries.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Epicardial and resistance vessel function in the transplanted heart
      has been evaluated primarily in regions supplied by a single vessel.
      Heterogeneity of flow among multiple perfusion fields as a marker of early
      endothelial dysfunction in the microcirculation has not been evaluated
      previously. This study tested the hypothesis that increased variability of
      coronary flow reserve (CFR) among multiple vascular regions would be associated
      with allograft coronary vasculopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred six
      posttransplant patients undergoing cardiac catheterization had measurement of CFR
      in at least 3 major epicardial vessels. Patients were divided into those with
      minimal angiographic abnormalities (n=37) and those with no angiographic
      abnormalities (n=69). The ranges, coefficients of variation, and univariate and
      multivariate regression analyses of CFR were computed to determine the major
      clinical factors influencing the degree of variability. The abnormal angiographic
      group was older (54+/-11 versus 47+/-13 years; P<0.003), had older hearts (35+/
      11 versus 27+/-10 years; P<0.005), and were further posttransplant (1626+/-1022
      versus 931+/-984 days; P<0.0009). There was no difference in global CFR between
      groups (normal, 3.4+/-0.8 versus abnormal, 3.4+/-0.7; P=NS). The coefficient of
      variation of CFR was higher for the abnormal group (16.3+/-8.6% versus 11.0+/
      5.5%; P<0. 0006). Univariate and multivariate predictors of increased variability
      in CFR included angiographic abnormalities, patient age, and body mass index.
      Both angiographic abnormalities and an elevated CV of CFR were predictive of a
      combined end point of death, congestive heart failure, or subsequent development
      of >/=50% coronary stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that increased
      variability of CFR is associated with discernible allograft coronary arteriopathy
      and is predictive of outcome in patients after heart transplantation.

PMID- 9950660
TI  - Coronary revascularization in diabetic patients: a comparison of the randomized
      and observational components of the Aypass Angioplasty Revascularization
      Investigation (BARI).
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients with treated diabetes in the randomized-trial segment of the
      Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) who were randomized to
      initial revascularization with PTCA had significantly worse 5-year survival than
      patients assigned to CABG. This treatment difference was not seen among diabetic
      patients eligible for BARI who opted to select their mode of revascularization.
      We hypothesized that differences in patient characteristics, assessed and
      unmeasured, together with the treatment selection in the registry, at least
      partially account for this discrepancy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among diabetics
      taking insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs at entry, angiographic and clinical
      presentations were comparable between randomized and registry patients. However,
      more registry patients were white, and registry diabetics tended to be more
      educated and more physically active and to report better quality of life.
      Procedural characteristics and in-hospital complications were comparable. The 5
      year all-cause mortality rate was 34.5% in randomized diabetic patients assigned
      to PTCA versus 19.4% in CABG patients (P=0.0024; relative risk [RR]=1.87);
      corresponding cardiac mortality rates were 23.4% and 8.2%, respectively
      (P=0.0002; RR=3.10). The CABG benefit was more apparent among patients requiring
      insulin. In the registry, all-cause mortality was 14.4% for PTCA versus 14.9% for
      CABG (P=0.86, RR=1.10), with corresponding cardiac mortality rates of 7.5% and 6.
      0%, respectively (P=0.73; RR=1.07). These RRs in the registry increased to 1.29
      and 1.41, respectively, after adjustment for all known differences between
      treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: BARI registry results are not inconsistent with
      the finding in the randomized trial that initial CABG is associated with better
      long-term survival than PTCA in treated diabetic patients with multivessel
      coronary disease suitable for either surgical or catheter-based
      revascularization.

PMID- 9950661
TI  - Relationship between Na+-Ca2+-exchanger protein levels and diastolic function of
      failing human myocardium.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In the failing human heart, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium
      handling is impaired, and therefore, calcium elimination and diastolic function
      may depend on the expression of sarcolemmal Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. METHODS AND
      RESULTS: Force-frequency relations were studied in ventricular muscle strip
      preparations from failing human hearts (n=29). Protein levels of Na+-Ca2+
      exchanger and SR Ca2+-ATPase were measured in the same hearts. Hearts were
      divided into 3 groups by discriminant analysis according to the behavior of
      diastolic function when stimulation rate of muscle strips was increased from 30
      to 180 min-1. At 180 compared with 30 min-1, diastolic force was increased by
      160%, maximum rate of force decline was decreased by 46%, and relaxation time was
      unchanged in group III. In contrast, in group I, diastolic force and maximum rate
      of force decline did not change, and relaxation time decreased by 20%. Na+-Ca2+
      exchanger was 66% higher in group I than in group III. Na+-Ca2+ exchanger was
      inversely correlated with the frequency-dependent rise of diastolic force when
      stimulation rate was increased (r=-0.74; P<0.001). Compared with nonfailing human
      hearts (n=6), SR Ca2+-ATPase was decreased and Na+-Ca2+ exchanger unchanged in
      group III, whereas Na+-Ca2+ exchanger was increased and SR Ca2+-ATPase unchanged
      in group I. Results with group II hearts were between those of group I and group
      III hearts. CONCLUSIONS: By discriminating failing human hearts according to
      their diastolic function, we identified different phenotypes. Disturbed diastolic
      function occurs in hearts with decreased SR Ca2+-ATPase and unchanged Na+-Ca2+
      exchanger, whereas increased expression of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger is associated
      with preserved diastolic function.

PMID- 9950662
TI  - Autoantibodies activating human beta1-adrenergic receptors are associated with
      reduced cardiac function in chronic heart failure.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Autoantibodies against synthetic peptides of beta-adrenergic
      receptors have been observed in human cardiomyopathy. However, it has never been
      shown that such antibodies really interact with native human beta-adrenergic
      receptors, nor has the clinical impact of such an interaction been investigated
      in larger groups of patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: We screened 104 patients with
      dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy (NYHA functional classes II to IV) and 108
      healthy subjects for IgG antibodies reacting with beta-receptor peptides. Such
      IgGs were further analyzed for binding and functional interactions with native
      recombinant human beta-adrenergic receptors. Antibodies reacting with synthetic
      receptor peptides were present in 51% of the patients. However, only a subgroup
      directed against the second extracellular receptor domain also recognized native
      human beta-adrenergic receptors situated in a cell membrane. All antibodies of
      this subgroup impaired receptor ligand binding and enhanced receptor-mediated
      signaling, which could be blocked by 5 micromol/L bisoprolol in vitro. Their
      prevalence was 1% in healthy subjects and 10% in ischemic cardiomyopathy, whereas
      it amounted to 26% in dilated cardiomyopathy and was associated with a
      significantly poorer left ventricular function. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that
      activating autoantibodies against human beta-adrenergic receptors exist in
      approximately 25% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Counteraction of such
      autoantibodies might contribute to the beneficial effects of beta-adrenergic
      receptor blockade in chronic heart failure.

PMID- 9950663
TI  - First redo heart valve replacement: a 10-year analysis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The United Kingdom Heart Valve Registry (UKHVR) has recently
      completed collecting information on 52 659 heart valve replacements (in 47 718
      patients) performed during the period 1986 to 1995 in the whole of the United
      Kingdom. Information stored in the UKHVR's computer database was used for this
      study. Factors affecting the time from first prosthesis to first redo prosthesis
      were analyzed and provided useful predictive information. The association between
      prosthesis-induced local pathological processes and redo valve size was
      investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: This is a retrospective study of 43 301
      patients (from among 47 718 in the database) undergoing single-site replacement
      of a diseased native mitral or aortic valve over a 10-year period from January
      1986 to December 1995 in the United Kingdom. Of these patients, 1051 (2.43%) went
      on to have a first redo heart valve replacement. Valve survival analysis (Cox
      regression and Kaplan-Meier curves) was used to study the natural progression to
      the first redo heart valve replacement. Female sex and having a replacement at
      the aortic rather than the mitral position were both associated with a longer
      interval to the first redo operation. Regression analysis showed the size of the
      redo valve to be influenced by the interoperative time. This effect was more
      pronounced at the mitral position. CONCLUSIONS: Females and patients having an
      aortic valve replacement exhibit a longer interval to the first redo operation
      than do males and patients having mitral valve replacements, respectively. The
      time from the first replacement to the first redo operation significantly affects
      the size of the first redo valve.

PMID- 9950664
TI  - Characterization of atrioventricular nodal reentry with continuous
      atrioventricular node conduction curve by double atrial extrastimulation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Characterization of typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant
      tachycardia (AVNRT) with continuous AVN conduction (A1A2/A2H2) curves by double
      atrial extrastimulation (A1A2A3) has never been systematically studied. METHODS
      AND RESULTS: This study was composed of 33 patients with typical AVNRT and
      continuous AVN conduction curves (group 1) and 103 patients with AVNRT and
      discontinuous AVN conduction curves (group 2). Using A1A2A3 with predefined fast
      pathway-conducted A2, we examined the effects of slow pathway ablation on the
      A2A3/A3H3 curves in both groups. In group 1, anterograde AVN effective refractory
      period (272+/-33 versus 277+/-47 ms, P>0.05) and AVN Wenckebach block cycle
      length (320+/-45 versus 343+/-59 ms, P>0.05) remained unchanged after ablation.
      A2H2max was shorter in group 1 than group 2 (237+/-89 versus 395+/-72 ms, P<0.05)
      at baseline. It shortened in group 2 (395+/-72 versus 221+/-78 ms, P<0.001) but
      remained unchanged in group 1 (237+/-89 versus 214+/-59 ms, P>0.05) after
      ablation. A1A2A3 could further disclose discontinuous A2A3/A3H3 curves in 29
      patients of group 1. A3H3max shortened in both groups (375+/-81 versus 238+/-82
      ms, P<0.001, and 419+/-104 versus 220+/-78 ms, P<0.001, respectively) in a
      similar fashion. Successful ablation resulted in loss of the left portion of the
      A2A3/A3H3 curves in the 4 patients of group 1 with continuous A2A3/A3H3 curves.
      CONCLUSIONS: Use of A1A2A3 could expose discontinuous A2A3/A3H3 curves in most
      patients with continuous A1A2/A2H2 curves. Significant shortening of A3H3max
      after ablation may be indicative of successful elimination of AVNRT.

PMID- 9950665
TI  - "Brugada" syndrome: clinical data and suggested pathophysiological mechanism.

PMID- 9950666
TI  - Genetic and molecular basis of cardiac arrhythmias: impact on clinical management
      part III.

PMID- 9950667
TI  - Vasoflux, a new anticoagulant with a novel mechanism of action.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Heparin and direct thrombin inhibitors, such as hirudin, have
      limitations in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. Heparin does not
      inactivate fibrin-bound thrombin, whereas hirudin fails to block thrombin
      generation. In contrast, Vasoflux is a novel anticoagulant that inactivates
      fibrin-bound thrombin and attenuates factor Xa generation. METHODS AND RESULTS:
      Vasoflux is prepared by depolymerization of heparin, restricting molecular size
      to between 3000 and 8000 Da, and reducing antithrombin affinity by periodate
      oxidation. Vasoflux catalyzes fibrin-bound thrombin inactivation by heparin
      cofactor II (HCII) and inhibits factor IXa activation of factor X independently
      of antithrombin and HCII. Compared with other anticoagulants in a thrombogenic
      extracorporeal circuit, Vasoflux maintains filter patency at concentrations that
      produce an activated clotting time (ACT) of 220 seconds. In contrast, to maintain
      filter patency, heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and hirudin require
      concentrations that produced an ACT of 720, 415, and >1500 seconds, respectively,
      whereas dermatan sulfate was ineffective at concentrations that produced an ACT
      of 360 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: Vasoflux is more effective than heparin and LMWH
      because it inactivates fibrin-bound thrombin and is superior to hirudin and
      dermatan sulfate because it also blocks factor Xa generation.

PMID- 9950668
TI  - Noninvasive measurements of infarct size after thrombolysis with a necrosis-avid
      MRI contrast agent.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Gadophrin-2 is a new MRI contrast agent with high affinity for
      necrotic myocardium. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether noninvasive
      measurements of infarct size after thrombolysis are possible with gadophrin-2
      enhanced MRI. METHODS AND RESULTS: Coronary artery thrombosis was induced in 3
      groups of dogs by the copper-coil technique. Thrombolytic therapy together with
      aspirin and heparin was initiated after 90 minutes of occlusion. One day (group
      A), 2 days (group B), or 6 days (group C) after infarction, gadophrin-2 was
      injected intravenously (50 micromol. kg-1). In vivo T1-weighted segmented turbo
      FLASH, in vivo T2-weighted segmented half-Fourier turbo spin echo (HASTE), and T1
      and T2-weighted spin-echo MRI of the excised heart were performed 24 hours after
      gadophrin-2 injection. Regions of strong enhancement were observed on T1-weighted
      images. Planimetry of short-axis MR images and of corresponding
      triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)-stained left ventricular (LV) slices showed a
      close correlation between the enhanced areas and TTC-negative areas for both in
      vivo (r2=0.98, P<0.0001; mean difference, 0.9+/-2.0% [SD] of the LV volume [LVV])
      and postmortem (r2=0.99, P<0.0001; mean difference, 0.9+/-1.4% of LVV)
      measurements. T2-weighted images overestimated the infarct size by 8.1+/-5.4% of
      LVV. The mean infarct size was 10.8+/-11.6% of LVV (group A), 22.4+/-11.7% (group
      B), and 5.1+/-9.3% (group C). CONCLUSIONS: In this animal model, in vivo
      gadophrin-2-enhanced MRI could precisely determine infarct size after
      thrombolytic therapy. This technique may be very useful for the noninvasive
      evaluation of infarct size after reperfusion for AMI.

PMID- 9950669
TI  - Chimeric DNA-RNA hammerhead ribozyme to proliferating cell nuclear antigen
      reduces stent-induced stenosis in a porcine coronary model.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Stent-induced coronary restenosis is a major clinical and public
      health problem. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is an important
      regulator of cell division, and blocking of its expression after angioplasty may
      limit intimal proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS: We cloned the porcine PCNA gene
      and constructed a chimeric hammerhead ribozyme to a segment of the gene with
      human homology. In vitro studies with both cultured porcine and human vascular
      smooth muscle cells demonstrated uptake of ribozyme within the nucleus and
      significant inhibition of cellular proliferation. The ribozyme was then delivered
      locally into pig coronaries in a stent model. At 30 days, histomorphometric
      analysis showed neointimal thickness of 0.51+/-0.20 mm in the ribozyme group
      versus 0.71+/-0.27 and 0.66+/-0.25 mm in stent controls and scrambled ribozyme
      control, respectively (P=0.002, P=0.03). Quantitative angiographic analysis
      showed late loss of 1.4+/-0.5 mm for ribozyme versus 1.9+/-0.4 and 2.0+/-0.4 mm
      for the controls (P=0.05 and P=0. 02). CONCLUSIONS: Chimeric hammerhead ribozyme
      to PCNA inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and reduces both
      histomorphometric and angiographic restenosis in the porcine coronary stent model
      when delivered locally.

PMID- 9950671
TI  - Clenbuterol increases stroke power and contractile speed of skeletal muscle for
      cardiac assist.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle assist (SMA) may be limited by loss of power, slowing
      of contraction and relaxation, and atrophy of the transformed latissimus dorsi
      muscle (LD). Clenbuterol (clen), a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, was used to
      improve the performance of trained skeletal muscle in sheep. METHODS AND RESULTS:
      The following 4 groups were used: A (n=6), untrained controls; B (n=6), left LD
      progressively transformed toward a slow-twitch and fatigue-resistant phenotype by
      electrical stimulation over 12 weeks (2.5 to 5 V, 240- microsec pulse duration,
      35 Hz, 3 to 6 pulses per burst, and up to 40 bursts per minute); C (n=6), clen
      treated (0.5 mg/kg SC) for 12 weeks; and D (n=6), clen+trained. In a terminal
      experiment, the mobilized LD was wrapped around a rubber aorta of a mock
      circulation and stimulated to contract 40 times per minute. Group A had an
      initial mean pressure augmentation (DeltaP) of 24.6 mm Hg and stroke power of
      2.28 W/kg, but both fell to <20% of their original values by 15 minutes because
      of fatigue (P<0.005). Group B was fatigue-resistant, with a DeltaP and stroke
      power at 60 minutes of 13 mm Hg (70% of initial) and 0.34 W/kg (39% of initial),
      respectively. The performance of group C was similar to that of controls. In
      group D, however, the muscles were stronger at all time points than in B, with a
      DeltaP of 23 mm Hg and stroke power of 2.66 W/kg at 60 minutes (P<0.01). The
      speeds of contraction (+dP/dt:DeltaP) and relaxation (-dP/dt:DeltaP) were
      significantly greater in group D than B. Protein analyses showed group D to have
      only a trend toward greater abundance of the fast isoforms of myosin heavy chain
      and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (P>0.1). CONCLUSIOINS: ++Clen improves the
      performance of trained skeletal muscle in a model of aortomyoplasty by unknown
      mechanisms. These findings may have important implications in SMA.

PMID- 9950670
TI  - Mechanism of acceleration of functional reentry in the ventricle: effects of ATP
      sensitive potassium channel opener.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The effect of effective refractory period (ERP) shortening on the
      vulnerability and characteristics of induced functional reentry in the ventricle
      remain poorly defined. We hypothesized that ERP shortening increases ventricular
      vulnerability to reentry and accelerates its rate, as is the case in the atrium.
      METHODS AND RESULTS: The epicardial surfaces of 19 isolated and superfused canine
      right ventricular slices (4x4 cm and <2 mm thick) were mapped with 480 bipolar
      electrodes 1.6 mm apart. Vulnerability was tested during pacing at a cycle length
      (CL) of 600 ms and with a single premature stimulus of 5-ms duration at
      increasing current strength of 1 to 100 mA. Cromakalim (10 micromol/L), an ATP
      sensitive potassium channel opener, caused a significant (P<0. 001) shortening of
      the ERP but had no effect on conduction velocity. Cromakalim increased (P<0.01)
      the vulnerability (product of current and the stimulus coupling interval) for
      reentry induction. Reentry had a significantly shorter CL and lasted for a longer
      duration (P<0. 001). The central core around which the wave front rotated became
      smaller, which caused shortening of the CL of reentry. A significant (P<0.001)
      linear correlation was found between core size and reentry CL. These effects of
      cromakalim were reversible. Two-dimensional simulation studies using the modified
      Luo-Rudy I model of cardiac action potential, in which the refractory period was
      variably shortened by a progressive increase of the time-independent potassium
      conductance, reproduced the experimental findings. CONCLUSIONS: ERP shortening by
      an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener increases ventricular vulnerability to
      reentry and accelerates its rate by decreasing the core size around which the
      wave front rotates.

PMID- 9950673
TI  - Sudden cardiac death, RBBB, and right precordial ST-segment elevation.

PMID- 9950672
TI  - Spontaneous postpartum coronary dissection.

PMID- 9950674
TI  - Liz1p, a novel fission yeast membrane protein, is required for normal cell
      division when ribonucleotide reductase is inhibited.
AB  - Ribonucleotide reductase activity is required for generating deoxyribonucleotides
      for DNA replication. Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells lacking ribonucleotide
      reductase activity arrest during S phase of the cell cycle. In a screen for
      hydroxyurea-sensitive mutants in S. pombe, we have identified a gene, liz1(+),
      which when mutated reveals an additional, previously undescribed role for
      ribonucleotide reductase activity during mitosis. Inactivation of ribonucleotide
      reductase, by either hydroxyurea or a cdc22-M45 mutation, causes liz1(-) cells in
      G2 to undergo an aberrant mitosis, resulting in chromosome missegregation and
      late mitotic arrest. liz1(+) encodes a 514-amino acid protein with strong
      similarity to a family of transmembrane transporters, and localizes to the plasma
      membrane of the cell. These results reveal an unexpected G2/M function of
      ribonucleotide reductase and establish that defects in a transmembrane protein
      can affect cell cycle progression.

PMID- 9950675
TI  - A cell signal pathway involving laminin-5, alpha3beta1 integrin, and mitogen
      activated protein kinase can regulate epithelial cell proliferation.
AB  - Laminin-5 (LN5) is a matrix component of epithelial tissue basement membranes and
      plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of epithelial cell
      anchorage to the underlying connective tissue. Here we show that two distinct LN5
      function-inhibitory antibodies, both of which bind the globular domain of the
      alpha3 subunit, inhibit proliferation of epithelial cells. These same antibodies
      also induce a decrease in mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. Inhibition
      of proliferation by the function-perturbing LN5 antibodies is reversed upon
      removal of the antibodies and can be overcome by providing the antibody-treated
      cells with exogenous LN5 and rat tail collagen. Because epithelial cells use the
      integrin receptor alpha3beta1 to interact with both LN5 and rat tail collagen, we
      next investigated the possibility that integrin alpha3beta1 is involved in
      mediating the proliferative impact of LN5. Proliferation of human epithelial
      cells is significantly inhibited by a function-perturbing alpha3 integrin
      antibody. In addition, antibody activation of beta1 integrin restores the
      proliferation of epithelial cells treated with LN5 function-perturbing
      antibodies. These data indicate that a complex comprising LN5 and alpha3beta1
      integrin is multifunctional and contributes not only to epithelial cell adhesion
      but also to the regulation of cell growth via a signaling pathway involving
      mitogen-activated protein kinase. We discuss our study in light of recent
      evidence that LN5 expression is up-regulated at the leading tips of tumors, where
      it may play a role in tumor cell proliferation.

PMID- 9950676
TI  - alpha1 and alpha2 integrins mediate invasive activity of mouse mammary carcinoma
      cells through regulation of stromelysin-1 expression.
AB  - Tumor cell invasion relies on cell migration and extracellular matrix
      proteolysis. We investigated the contribution of different integrins to the
      invasive activity of mouse mammary carcinoma cells. Antibodies against integrin
      subunits alpha6 and beta1, but not against alpha1 and alpha2, inhibited cell
      locomotion on a reconstituted basement membrane in two-dimensional cell migration
      assays, whereas antibodies against beta1, but not against alpha6 or alpha2,
      interfered with cell adhesion to basement membrane constituents. Blocking
      antibodies against alpha1 integrins impaired only cell adhesion to type IV
      collagen. Antibodies against alpha1, alpha2, alpha6, and beta1, but not alpha5,
      integrin subunits reduced invasion of a reconstituted basement membrane.
      Integrins alpha1 and alpha2, which contributed only marginally to motility and
      adhesion, regulated proteinase production. Antibodies against alpha1 and alpha2,
      but not alpha6 and beta1, integrin subunits inhibited both transcription and
      protein expression of the matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin-1. Inhibition of
      tumor cell invasion by antibodies against alpha1 and alpha2 was reversed by
      addition of recombinant stromelysin-1. In contrast, stromelysin-1 could not
      rescue invasion inhibited by anti-alpha6 antibodies. Our data indicate that
      alpha1 and alpha2 integrins confer invasive behavior by regulating stromelysin-1
      expression, whereas alpha6 integrins regulate cell motility. These results
      provide new insights into the specific functions of integrins during tumor cell
      invasion.

PMID- 9950678
TI  - Cleavage furrows formed between centrosomes lacking an intervening spindle and
      chromosomes contain microtubule bundles, INCENP, and CHO1 but not CENP-E.
AB  - PtK1 cells containing two independent mitotic spindles can cleave between
      neighboring centrosomes, in the absence of an intervening spindle, as well as at
      the spindle equators. We used same-cell video, immunofluorescence, and electron
      microscopy to compare the structure and composition of normal equatorial furrows
      with that of ectopic furrows formed between spindles. As in controls, ectopic
      furrows contained midbodies composed of microtubule bundles and an electron
      opaque matrix. Despite the absence of an intervening spindle and chromosomes, the
      midbodies associated with ectopic furrows also contained the microtubule-bundling
      protein CHO1 and the chromosomal passenger protein INCENP. However, CENP-E,
      another passenger protein, was not found in ectopic furrows but was always
      present in controls. We also examined cells in which the ectopic furrow initiated
      but relaxed. Although relaxing furrows contained overlapping microtubules from
      opposing centrosomes, they lacked microtubule bundles as well as INCENP and CHO1.
      Together these data suggest that the mechanism defining the site of furrow
      formation during mitosis in vertebrates does not depend on the presence of
      underlying microtubule bundles and chromosomes or on the stable association of
      INCENP or CHO1. The data also suggest that the completion of cytokinesis requires
      the presence of microtubule bundles and specific proteins (e.g., INCENP, CHO1,
      etc.) that do not include CENP-E.

PMID- 9950677
TI  - The multiple roles of Cyk1p in the assembly and function of the actomyosin ring
      in budding yeast.
AB  - The budding yeast IQGAP-like protein Cyk1p/Iqg1p localizes to the mother-bud
      junction during anaphase and has been shown to be required for the completion of
      cytokinesis. In this study, video microscopy analysis of cells expressing green
      fluorescent protein-tagged Cyk1p/Iqg1p demonstrates that Cyk1p/Iqg1p is a dynamic
      component of the contractile ring during cytokinesis. Furthermore, in the absence
      of Cyk1p/Iqg1p, myosin II fails to undergo the contraction-like size change at
      the end of mitosis. To understand the mechanistic role of Cyk1p/Iqg1p in
      actomyosin ring assembly and dynamics, we have investigated the role of the
      structural domains that Cyk1p/Iqg1p shares with IQGAPs. An amino terminal portion
      containing the calponin homology domain binds to actin filaments and is required
      for the assembly of actin filaments to the ring. This result supports the
      hypothesis that Cyk1p/Iqg1p plays a direct role in F-actin recruitment. Deletion
      of the domain harboring the eight IQ motifs abolishes the localization of
      Cyk1p/Iqg1p to the bud neck, suggesting that Cyk1p/Iqg1p may be localized through
      interactions with a calmodulin-like protein. Interestingly, deletion of the COOH
      terminal GTPase-activating protein-related domain does not affect Cyk1p/Iqg1p
      localization or actin recruitment to the ring but prevents actomyosin ring
      contraction. In vitro binding experiments show that Cyk1p/Iqg1p binds to
      calmodulin, Cmd1p, in a calcium-dependent manner, and to Tem1p, a small GTP
      binding protein previously found to be required for the completion of anaphase.
      These results demonstrate the critical function of Cyk1p/Iqg1p in regulating
      various steps of actomyosin ring assembly and cytokinesis.

PMID- 9950679
TI  - Interaction of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) with free gangliosides:
      biochemical characterization and biological consequences in endothelial cell
      cultures.
AB  - Exogenous gangliosides affect the angiogenic activity of fibroblast growth factor
      2 (FGF-2), but their mechanism of action has not been elucidated. Here, a
      possible direct interaction of sialo-glycolipids with FGF-2 has been
      investigated. Size exclusion chromatography demonstrates that native, but not
      heat-denatured, 125I-FGF-2 binds to micelles formed by gangliosides GT1b, GD1b,
      or GM1. Also, gangliosides protect native FGF-2 from trypsin digestion at
      micromolar concentrations, the order of relative potency being GT1b > GD1b > GM1
      = GM2 = sulfatide > GM3 = galactosyl-ceramide, whereas asialo-GM1, neuraminic
      acid, and N-acetylneuramin-lactose were ineffective. Scatchard plot analysis of
      the binding data of fluorochrome-labeled GM1 to immobilized FGF-2 indicates that
      FGF-2/GM1 interaction occurs with a Kd equal to 6 microM. This interaction is
      inhibited by the sialic acid-binding peptide mastoparan and by the synthetic
      fragments FGF-2(112-129) and, to a lesser extent, FGF-2(130-155), whereas
      peptides FGF-2(10-33), FGF-2(39-59), FGF-2(86-96), and the basic peptide HIV-1
      Tat(41-60) were ineffective. These data identify the COOH terminus of FGF-2 as a
      putative ganglioside-binding region. Exogenous gangliosides inhibit the binding
      of 125I-FGF-2 to high-affinity tyrosine-kinase FGF-receptors (FGFRs) of
      endothelial GM 7373 cells at micromolar concentrations. The order of relative
      potency was GT1b > GD1b > GM1 > sulfatide a = sialo-GM1. Accordingly, GT1b,GD1b,
      GM1, and GM2, but not GM3 and asialo-GM1, prevent the binding of 125I-FGF-2 to a
      soluble, recombinant form of extracellular FGFR-1. Conversely, the soluble
      receptor and free heparin inhibit the interaction of fluorochrome-labeled GM1 to
      immobilized FGF-2. In agreement with their FGFR antagonist activity, free
      gangliosides inhibit the mitogenic activity exerted by FGF-2 on endothelial cells
      in the same range of concentrations. Also in this case, GT1b was the most
      effective among the gangliosides tested while asialo-GM1, neuraminic acid, N
      acetylneuramin-lactose, galactosyl-ceramide, and sulfatide were ineffective. In
      conclusion, the data demonstrate the capacity of exogenous gangliosides to
      interact with FGF-2. This interaction involves the COOH terminus of the FGF-2
      molecule and depends on the structure of the oligosaccharide chain and on the
      presence of sialic acid residue(s) in the ganglioside molecule. Exogenous
      gangliosides act as FGF-2 antagonists when added to endothelial cell cultures.
      Since gangliosides are extensively shed by tumor cells and reach elevated levels
      in the serum of tumor-bearing patients, our data suggest that exogenous
      gangliosides may affect endothelial cell function by a direct interaction with
      FGF-2, thus modulating tumor neovascularization.

PMID- 9950680
TI  - Detection of transient in vivo interactions between substrate and transporter
      during protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - The split-ubiquitin technique was used to detect transient protein interactions
      in living cells. Nub, the N-terminal half of ubiquitin (Ub), was fused to Sec62p,
      a component of the protein translocation machinery in the endoplasmic reticulum
      of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cub, the C-terminal half of Ub, was fused to the C
      terminus of a signal sequence. The reconstitution of a quasi-native Ub structure
      from the two halves of Ub, and the resulting cleavage by Ub-specific proteases at
      the C terminus of Cub, serve as a gauge of proximity between the two test
      proteins linked to Nub and Cub. Using this assay, we show that Sec62p is
      spatially close to the signal sequence of the prepro-alpha-factor in vivo. This
      proximity is confined to the nascent polypeptide chain immediately following the
      signal sequence. In addition, the extent of proximity depends on the nature of
      the signal sequence. Cub fusions that bore the signal sequence of invertase
      resulted in a much lower Ub reconstitution with Nub-Sec62p than otherwise
      identical test proteins bearing the signal sequence of prepro-alpha-factor. An
      inactive derivative of Sec62p failed to interact with signal sequences in this
      assay. These in vivo findings are consistent with Sec62p being part of a signal
      sequence-binding complex.

PMID- 9950681
TI  - Two heteromeric kinesin complexes in chemosensory neurons and sensory cilia of
      Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - Chemosensation in the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
      depends on sensory cilia, whose assembly and maintenance requires the transport
      of components such as axonemal proteins and signal transduction machinery to
      their site of incorporation into ciliary structures. Members of the heteromeric
      kinesin family of microtubule motors are prime candidates for playing key roles
      in these transport events. Here we describe the molecular characterization and
      partial purification of two heteromeric kinesin complexes from C. elegans,
      heterotrimeric CeKinesin-II and dimeric CeOsm-3. Transgenic worms expressing
      green fluorescent protein driven by endogenous heteromeric kinesin promoters
      reveal that both CeKinesin-II and CeOsm-3 are expressed in amphid, inner labial,
      and phasmid chemosensory neurons. Additionally, immunolocalization experiments on
      fixed worms show an intense concentration of CeKinesin-II and CeOsm-3
      polypeptides in the ciliated endings of these chemosensory neurons and a punctate
      localization pattern in the corresponding cell bodies and dendrites. These
      results, together with the phenotypes of known mutants in the pathway of sensory
      ciliary assembly, suggest that CeKinesin-II and CeOsm-3 drive the transport of
      ciliary components required for sequential steps in the assembly of chemosensory
      cilia.

PMID- 9950682
TI  - NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation by nitric oxide attenuated apoptotic cell death in
      RAW 264.7 macrophages.
AB  - A toxic dose of the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO; 1 mM)
      promoted apoptotic cell death of RAW 264.7 macrophages, which was attenuated by
      cellular preactivation with a nontoxic dose of GSNO (200 microM) or with
      lipopolysaccharide, interferon-gamma, and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (LPS/IFN
      gamma/NMMA) for 15 h. Protection from apoptosis was achieved by expression of
      cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2). Here we investigated the underlying mechanisms leading
      to Cox-2 expression. LPS/IFN-gamma/NMMA prestimulation activated nuclear factor
      (NF)-kappaB and promoted Cox-2 expression. Cox-2 induction by low-dose GSNO
      demanded activation of both NF-kappaB and activator protein-1 (AP-1). NF-kappaB
      supershift analysis implied an active p50/p65 heterodimer, and a luciferase
      reporter construct, containing four copies of the NF-kappaB site derived from the
      murine Cox-2 promoter, confirmed NF-kappaB activation after NO addition. An NF
      kappaB decoy approach abrogated not only Cox-2 expression after low-dose NO or
      after LPS/IFN-gamma/NMMA but also inducible protection. The importance of AP-1
      for Cox-2 expression and cell protection by low-level NO was substantiated by
      using the extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor PD98059, blocking NO
      elicited Cox-2 expression, but leaving the cytokine signal unaltered. Transient
      transfection of a dominant-negative c-Jun mutant further attenuated Cox-2
      expression by low-level NO. Whereas cytokine-mediated Cox-2 induction relies on
      NF-kappaB activation, a low-level NO-elicited Cox-2 response required activation
      of both NF-kappaB and AP-1.

PMID- 9950683
TI  - A cell-free system to study regulation of focal adhesions and of the connected
      actin cytoskeleton.
AB  - Assembly and modulation of focal adhesions during dynamic adhesive processes are
      poorly understood. We describe here the use of ventral plasma membranes from
      adherent fibroblasts to explore mechanisms regulating integrin distribution and
      function in a system that preserves the integration of these receptors into the
      plasma membrane. We find that partial disruption of the cellular organization
      responsible for the maintenance of organized adhesive sites allows modulation of
      integrin distribution by divalent cations. High Ca2+ concentrations induce quasi
      reversible diffusion of beta1 integrins out of focal adhesions, whereas low Ca2+
      concentrations induce irreversible recruitment of beta1 receptors along
      extracellular matrix fibrils, as shown by immunofluorescence and electron
      microscopy. Both effects are independent from the presence of actin stress fibers
      in this system. Experiments with cells expressing truncated beta1 receptors show
      that the cytoplasmic portion of beta1 is required for low Ca2+-induced
      recruitment of the receptors to matrix fibrils. Analysis with function-modulating
      antibodies indicates that divalent cation-mediated receptor distribution within
      the membrane correlates with changes in the functional state of the receptors.
      Moreover, reconstitution experiments show that purified alpha-actinin colocalizes
      and redistributes with beta1 receptors on ventral plasma membranes depleted of
      actin, implicating binding of alpha-actinin to the receptors. Finally, we found
      that recruitment of exogenous actin is specifically restricted to focal adhesions
      under conditions in which new actin polymerization is inhibited. Our data show
      that the described system can be exploited to investigate the mechanisms of
      integrin function in an experimental setup that permits receptor redistribution.
      The possibility to uncouple, under cell-free conditions, events involved in focal
      adhesion and actin cytoskeleton assembly should facilitate the comprehension of
      the underlying molecular mechanisms.

PMID- 9950684
TI  - The small Mr Ras-like GTPase Rap1 and the phospholipase C pathway act to regulate
      phagocytosis in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - The function of the small-Mr Ras-like GTPase Rap1 remains largely unknown, but
      this protein has been demonstrated to regulate cortical actin-based morphologic
      changes in Dictyostelium and the oxidative burst in mammalian neutrophils. To
      test whether Rap1 regulates phagocytosis, we biochemically analyzed cell lines
      that conditionally and modestly overexpressed wild-type [Rap1 WT(+)],
      constitutively active [Rap1 G12T(+)], and dominant negative [Rap1 S17N(+)] forms
      of D. discoideum Rap1. The rates of phagocytosis of bacteria and latex beads were
      significantly higher in Rap1 WT(+) and Rap1 G12T(+) cells and were reduced in
      Rap1 S17N(+) cells. The addition of inhibitors of protein kinase A, protein
      kinase G, protein tyrosine kinase, or phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase did not
      affect phagocytosis rates in wild-type cells. In contrast, the addition of U73122
      (a phospholipase C inhibitor), calphostin C (a protein kinase C inhibitor), and
      BAPTA-AM (an intracellular Ca2+ chelator) reduced phagocytosis rates by 90, 50,
      and 65%, respectively, suggesting both arms of the phospholipase C signaling
      pathways played a role in this process. Other protein kinase C-specific
      inhibitors, such as chelerythrine and bisindolylmaleimide I, did not reduce
      phagocytosis rates in control cells, suggesting calphostin C was affecting
      phagocytosis by interfering with a protein containing a diacylglycerol-binding
      domain. The addition of calphostin C did not reduce phagocytosis rates in Rap1
      G12T(+) cells, suggesting that the putative diacylglycerol-binding protein acted
      upstream in a signaling pathway with Rap1. Surprisingly, macropinocytosis was
      significantly reduced in Rap1 WT(+) and Rap1 G12T(+) cells compared with control
      cells. Together our results suggest that Rap1 and Ca2+ may act together to
      coordinate important early events regulating phagocytosis.

PMID- 9950685
TI  - Novel regulation of type IV collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2)
      activities by transforming growth factor-beta1 in human prostate cancer cell
      lines.
AB  - The type IV collagenases/gelatinases matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9
      play a variety of important roles in both physiological and pathological
      processes and are regulated by various growth factors, including transforming
      growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), in several cell types. Previous studies have
      suggested that cellular control of one or both collagenases can occur through
      direct transcriptional mechanisms and/or after secretion through proenzyme
      processing and interactions with metalloproteinase inhibitors. Using human
      prostate cancer cell lines, we have found that TGF-beta1 induces the MMP-9
      proenzyme; however, this induction does not result from direct effects on gene
      transcription but, instead, through a protein synthesis-requiring process leading
      to increased MMP-9 mRNA stability. In addition, we have examined levels of TGF
      beta1 regulation of MMP-2 in one prostate cancer cell line and found that TGF
      beta1 induces higher secreted levels of this collagenase through increased
      stability of the secreted 72-kDa proenzyme. These results identify two novel
      nontranscriptional pathways for the cellular regulation of MMP-9 and MMP-2
      collagenase gene expression and activities.

PMID- 9950686
TI  - Eps15 is recruited to the plasma membrane upon epidermal growth factor receptor
      activation and localizes to components of the endocytic pathway during receptor
      internalization.
AB  - Eps15 is a substrate for the tyrosine kinase of the epidermal growth factor
      receptor (EGFR) and is characterized by the presence of a novel protein:protein
      interaction domain, the EH domain. Eps15 also stably binds the clathrin adaptor
      protein complex AP-2. Previous work demonstrated an essential role for eps15 in
      receptor-mediated endocytosis. In this study we show that, upon activation of the
      EGFR kinase, eps15 undergoes dramatic relocalization consisting of 1) initial
      relocalization to the plasma membrane and 2) subsequent colocalization with the
      EGFR in various intracellular compartments of the endocytic pathway, with the
      notable exclusion of coated vesicles. Relocalization of eps15 is independent of
      its binding to the EGFR or of binding of the receptor to AP-2. Furthermore, eps15
      appears to undergo tyrosine phosphorylation both at the plasma membrane and in a
      nocodazole-sensitive compartment, suggesting sustained phosphorylation in
      endocytic compartments. Our results are consistent with a model in which eps15
      undergoes cycles of association:dissociation with membranes and suggest multiple
      roles for this protein in the endocytic pathway.

PMID- 9950687
TI  - Morphological and functional association of Sec22b/ERS-24 with the pre-Golgi
      intermediate compartment.
AB  - Yeast Sec22p participates in both anterograde and retrograde vesicular transport
      between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus by functioning as
      a v-SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor [NSF] attachment protein
      receptor) of transport vesicles. Three mammalian proteins homologous to Sec22p
      have been identified and are referred to as Sec22a, Sec22b/ERS-24, and Sec22c,
      respectively. The existence of three homologous proteins in mammalian cells calls
      for detailed cell biological and functional examinations of each individual
      protein. The epitope-tagged forms of all three proteins have been shown to be
      primarily associated with the ER, although functional examination has not been
      carefully performed for any one of them. In this study, using antibodies specific
      for Sec22b/ERS-24, it is revealed that endogenous Sec22b/ERS-24 is associated
      with vesicular structures in both the perinuclear Golgi and peripheral regions.
      Colabeling experiments for Sec22b/ERS-24 with Golgi mannosidase II, the KDEL
      receptor, and the envelope glycoprotein G (VSVG) of vesicular stomatitis virus
      (VSV) en route from the ER to the Golgi under normal, brefeldin A, or nocodazole
      treated cells suggest that Sec22b/ERS-24 is enriched in the pre-Golgi
      intermediate compartment (IC). In a well-established semi-intact cell system that
      reconstitutes transport from the ER to the Golgi, transport of VSVG is inhibited
      by antibodies against Sec22b/ERS-24. EGTA is known to inhibit ER-Golgi transport
      at a stage after vesicle/transport intermediate docking but before the actual
      fusion event. Antibodies against Sec22b/ERS-24 inhibit ER-Golgi transport only
      when they are added before the EGTA-sensitive stage. Transport of VSVG
      accumulated in pre-Golgi IC by incubation at 15 degreesC is also inhibited by
      Sec22b/ERS-24 antibodies. Morphologically, VSVG is transported from the ER to the
      Golgi apparatus via vesicular intermediates that scatter in the peripheral as
      well as the Golgi regions. In the presence of antibodies against Sec22b/ERS-24,
      VSVG is seen to accumulate in these intermediates, suggesting that Sec22b/ERS-24
      functions at the level of the IC in ER-Golgi transport.

PMID- 9950688
TI  - Chicken erythroid AE1 anion exchangers associate with the cytoskeleton during
      recycling to the Golgi.
AB  - Chicken erythroid AE1 anion exchangers receive endoglycosidase F (endo F)
      sensitive sugar modifications in their initial transit through the secretory
      pathway. After delivery to the plasma membrane, anion exchangers are internalized
      and recycled to the Golgi where they acquire additional N-linked modifications
      that are resistant to endo F. During recycling, some of the anion exchangers
      become detergent insoluble. The acquisition of detergent insolubility correlates
      with the association of the anion exchanger with cytoskeletal ankyrin. Reagents
      that inhibit different steps in the endocytic pathway, including 0.4 M sucrose,
      ammonium chloride, and brefeldin A, block the acquisition of endo F-resistant
      sugars and the acquisition of detergent insolubility by newly synthesized anion
      exchangers. The inhibitory effects of ammonium chloride on anion exchanger
      processing are rapidly reversible. Furthermore, AE1 anion exchangers become
      detergent insoluble more rapidly than they acquire endo F-resistant modifications
      in cells recovering from an ammonium chloride block. This suggests that the
      cytoskeletal association of the recycling anion exchangers occurs after release
      from the compartment where they accumulate due to ammonium chloride treatment,
      and prior to their transit through the Golgi. The recycling pool of newly
      synthesized anion exchangers is reflected in the steady-state distribution of the
      polypeptide. In addition to plasma membrane staining, anion exchanger antibodies
      stain a perinuclear compartment in erythroid cells. This perinuclear AE1
      containing compartment is also stained by ankyrin antibodies and partially
      overlaps the membrane compartment stained by NBD C6-ceramide, a Golgi marker.
      Detergent extraction of erythroid cells in situ has suggested that a substantial
      fraction of the perinuclear pool of AE1 is cytoskeletal associated. The
      demonstration that erythroid anion exchangers interact with elements of the
      cytoskeleton during recycling to the Golgi suggests the cytoskeleton may be
      involved in the post-Golgi trafficking of this membrane transporter.

PMID- 9950689
TI  - Direct visualization of the human estrogen receptor alpha reveals a role for
      ligand in the nuclear distribution of the receptor.
AB  - The human estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) has been tagged at its amino
      terminus with the S65T variant of the green fluorescent protein (GFP), allowing
      subcellular trafficking and localization to be observed in living cells by
      fluorescence microscopy. The tagged receptor, GFP-ER, is functional as a ligand
      dependent transcription factor, responds to both agonist and antagonist ligands,
      and can associate with the nuclear matrix. Its cellular localization was analyzed
      in four human breast cancer epithelial cell lines, two ER+ (MCF7 and T47D) and
      two ER- (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435A), under a variety of ligand conditions. In
      all cell lines, GFP-ER is observed only in the nucleus in the absence of ligand.
      Upon the addition of agonist or antagonist ligand, a dramatic redistribution of
      GFP-ER from a reticular to punctate pattern occurs within the nucleus. In
      addition, the full antagonist ICI 182780 alters the nucleocytoplasmic
      compartmentalization of the receptor and causes partial accumulation in the
      cytoplasm in a process requiring continued protein synthesis. GFP-ER localization
      varies between cells, despite being cultured and treated in a similar manner.
      Analysis of the nuclear fluorescence intensity for variation in its frequency
      distribution helped establish localization patterns characteristic of cell line
      and ligand. During the course of this study, localization of GFP-ER to the
      nucleolar region is observed for ER- but not ER+ human breast cancer epithelial
      cell lines. Finally, our work provides a visual description of the "unoccupied"
      and ligand-bound receptor and is discussed in the context of the role of ligand
      in modulating receptor activity.

PMID- 9950690
TI  - The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP1) is present in coiled bodies of the Xenopus
      germinal vesicle.
AB  - The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP1) binds the 3' stem-loop of histone pre-mRNA
      and is required for efficient processing of histone transcripts in the nucleus.
      We examined the localization of SLBP1 in the germinal vesicle of Xenopus laevis
      oocytes. In spread preparations of germinal vesicle contents, an anti-SLBP1
      antibody stained coiled bodies and specific chromosomal loci, including terminal
      granules, axial granules, and some loops. After injection of myc-tagged SLBP1
      transcripts into the oocyte cytoplasm, newly translated myc-SLBP1 protein was
      detectable in coiled bodies within 4 h and in terminal and axial granules by 8 h.
      To identify the region(s) of SLBP1 necessary for subnuclear localization, we
      subcloned various parts of the SLBP1 cDNA and injected transcripts of these into
      the cytoplasm of oocytes. We determined that 113 amino acids at the carboxy
      terminus of SLBP1 are sufficient for coiled body localization and that disruption
      of a previously defined RNA-binding domain did not alter this localization.
      Coiled bodies also contain the U7 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle
      (snRNP), which participates in cleavage of the 3' end of histone pre-mRNA. The
      colocalization of SLBP1 and the U7 snRNP in the coiled body suggests coordinated
      control of their functions, perhaps through a larger histone-processing particle.
      Some coiled bodies are attached to the lampbrush chromosomes at the histone gene
      loci, consistent with the view that coiled bodies in the oocyte recruit histone
      processing factors to the sites of histone pre-mRNA transcription. The non
      histone chromosomal sites at which SLBP1 is found include the genes coding for 5
      S rRNA, U1 snRNA, and U2 snRNA, suggesting a wider role for SLBP1 in the
      biosynthesis of small non-spliced RNAs.

PMID- 9950692
TI  - PROFILE: Potential for Advanced Technology to Improve Air Quality and Human
      Health in Shanghai.
AB  - / Air quality in most Asian cities is poor and getting worse. It will soon become
      impossible to sustain population, economic, and industrial growth without severe
      deterioration of the atmospheric environment. This paper addresses the city of
      Shanghai, the air-quality problems it faces over the next 30 years, and the
      potential of advanced technology to alleviate these problems. Population, energy
      consumption, and emission profiles are developed for the city at 0.1 degrees x
      0.1 degrees resolution and extrapolated from 1990 to 2020 using sector-specific
      economic growth factors. Within the context of the RAINS-Asia model, eight
      technology scenarios are examined for their effects on ambient concentrations of
      sulfur dioxide and sulfate and their emission control costs. Without new control
      measures, it is projected that the number of people exposed to sulfur dioxide
      concentrations in excess of guidelines established by the World Health
      Organization will rise from 650,000 in 1990 to more than 14 million in 2020. It
      is apparent that efforts to reduce emissions are likely to have significant
      health benefits, measured in terms of the cost of reducing the number of people
      exposed to concentrations in excess of the guidelines ($10-50 annually per person
      protected). Focusing efforts on the control of new coal-fired power plants and
      industrial facilities has the greatest benefit. However, none of the scenarios
      examined is alone capable of arresting the increases in emissions,
      concentrations, and population exposure. It is concluded that combinations of
      stringent scenarios in several sectors will be necessary to stabilize the
      situation, at a potential cost of $500 million annually by the year 2020. KEY
      WORDS: Coal; China; Shanghai; Sulfur dioxide; Air quality; Health effects

PMID- 9950693
TI  - Transboundary Issues in Wilderness Management.
AB  - / The management of lands adjacent to federally designated wilderness is
      increasingly seen to have the potential to negatively impact wilderness resources
      and management objectives. This paper first examines the numerous and often
      conflicting laws and regulations that influence how managers can mitigate
      transboundary issues. We then examine the various types of transboundary issues,
      and describe how they impact wilderness resources. Transboundary issues include
      recreational use, extractive activities, fire management, exotic species
      introductions, aircraft overflights and military operations, water diversion,
      urban encroachment, and transported pollutants. KEY WORDS: Adjacent lands; Buffer
      zones; Ecosystem management; Wilderness; Zones of influence

PMID- 9950694
TI  - The Economic Value of Open Space: A Review and Synthesis.
AB  - / Communities increasingly face development pressures that can irreversibly alter
      open space lands. While the monetary costs and benefits of development are
      typically known, the corresponding values of natural lands are complex and
      difficult to measure. This paper reviews different concepts of economic value in
      relation to open space, describes methods for quantifying these values, and
      presents examples of each from published literature. Open space benefits accruing
      to citizens as market values or consumers' surplus include market and enhancement
      values, production values, natural systems value, use and nonuse values, and
      various intangible values. Economic impacts that open space lands have on local
      communities and economies include fiscal impacts on municipal budgets,
      expenditures from open space-related activities, and impacts from employment and
      tax revenues. These values are not universally present within a given community,
      nor are they quantitatively additive. However, a comprehensive consideration of
      the multiple values of open space will better inform community decisions about
      land conservation and development. KEY WORDS: Conservation; Economic value; Land
      use; Open space; Zoning

PMID- 9950691
TI  - Syndapin I, a synaptic dynamin-binding protein that associates with the neural
      Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein.
AB  - The GTPase dynamin has been clearly implicated in clathrin-mediated endocytosis
      of synaptic vesicle membranes at the presynaptic nerve terminal. Here we describe
      a novel 52-kDa protein in rat brain that binds the proline-rich C terminus of
      dynamin. Syndapin I (synaptic, dynamin-associated protein I) is highly enriched
      in brain where it exists in a high molecular weight complex. Syndapin I can be
      involved in multiple protein-protein interactions via a src homology 3 (SH3)
      domain at the C terminus and two predicted coiled-coil stretches. Coprecipitation
      studies and blot overlay analyses revealed that syndapin I binds the brain
      specific proteins dynamin I, synaptojanin, and synapsin I via an SH3 domain
      specific interaction. Coimmunoprecipitation of dynamin I with antibodies
      recognizing syndapin I and colocalization of syndapin I with dynamin I at
      vesicular structures in primary neurons indicate that syndapin I associates with
      dynamin I in vivo and may play a role in synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
      Furthermore, syndapin I associates with the neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
      protein, an actin-depolymerizing protein that regulates cytoskeletal
      rearrangement. These characteristics of syndapin I suggest a molecular link
      between cytoskeletal dynamics and synaptic vesicle recycling in the nerve
      terminal.

PMID- 9950695
TI  - Tools for Groundwater Protection Planning: An Example from McHenry County,
      Illinois, USA.
AB  - / This paper presents an approach for producing aquifer sensitivity maps from
      three-dimensional geologic maps, called stack-unit maps. Stack-unit maps depict
      the succession of geologic materials to a given depth, and aquifer sensitivity
      maps interpret the successions according totheir ability to transmit potential
      contaminants. Using McHenry County, Illinois, as a case study, stack-unit maps
      and an aquifer sensitivity assessment were made to help land-use planners, public
      health officials, consultants, developers, and the public make informed decisions
      regarding land use. A map of aquifer sensitivity is important for planning
      because the county is one of the fastest growing counties in the nation, and
      highly vulnerable sand and gravel aquifers occur within 6 m of ground surface
      over 75% of its area. The aquifer sensitivity map can provide guidance to
      regulators seeking optimal protection of groundwater resources where these
      resources are particularly vulnerable. In addition, the map can be used to help
      officials direct waste-disposal and industrial facilities and other sensitive
      land-use practices to areas where the least damage is likely to occur, thereby
      reducing potential future liabilities. KEY WORDS: Geologic mapping; Groundwater;
      Aquifers; Aquifer sensitivity; Land-use planning

PMID- 9950696
TI  - Research: The Effect of Wetland Mitigation Banking on the Achievement of No-Net
      Loss.
AB  - / This study determines whether the 68 wetland mitigation banks in existence in
      the United States through 1 January 1996 are achieving no-net-loss of wetland
      acreage nationally and regionally. Although 74% of the individual banks achieve
      no-net-loss by acreage, overall, wetland mitigation banks are projected to result
      in a net loss of 21,328 acres of wetlands nationally, 52% of the acreage in
      banks, as already credited wetland acreages are converted to otheruses. While
      most wetland mitigation banks are using appropriate compensation methods and
      ratios, several of the largest banks use preservation or enhancement, instead of
      restoration or creation. Most of these preservation/enhancement banks use minimum
      mitigation ratios of 1:1, which is much lower than ratios given in current
      guidelines. Assuming that mitigation occurs in these banks as preservation at the
      minimum allowable ratio, ten of these banks, concentrated in the western Gulf
      Coast region, will account for over 99% of projected net wetland acreage loss
      associated with banks. We conclude that wetland mitigation banking is a
      conceptually sound environmental policy and planning tool, but only if applied
      according to recently issued guidelines that ensure no-net-loss of wetland
      functions and values. Wetland mitigation banking inevitably leads to geographic
      relocation of wetlands, and therefore changes, either positively or negatively,
      the functions they perform and ecosystem services they provide. KEY WORDS:
      Mitigation banking; Wetlands; Army Corps of Engineers; No-net-loss

PMID- 9950697
TI  - Responses of Riparian Cottonwoods to Alluvial Water Table Declines.
AB  - / Human demands for surface and shallow alluvial groundwater have contributed to
      the loss, fragmentation, and simplification of riparian ecosystems. Populus
      species typically dominate riparian ecosystems throughout arid and semiarid
      regions of North American and efforts to minimize loss of riparian Populus
      requires an integrated understanding of the role of surface and groundwater
      dynamics in the establishment of new, and maintenance of existing, stands. In a
      controlled, whole-stand field experiment, we quantified responses of Populus
      morphology, growth, and mortality to water stress resulting from sustained water
      table decline following in-channel sand mining along an ephemeral sandbed stream
      in eastern Colorado, USA. We measured live crown volume, radial stem growth,
      annual branch increment, and mortality of 689 live Populus deltoides subsp.
      monilifera stems over four years in conjunction with localized water table
      declines. Measurements began one year prior to mining and included trees in both
      affected and unaffected areas. Populus demonstrated a threshold response to water
      table declines in medium alluvial sands; sustained declines >/=1 m produced leaf
      desiccation and branch dieback within three weeks and significant declines in
      live crown volume, stem growth, and 88% mortality over a three-year period.
      Declines in live crown volume proved to be a significant leading indicator of
      mortality in the following year. A logistic regression of tree survival
      probability against the prior year's live crown volume was significant (-2 log
      likelihood = 270, chi2 with 1 df = 232, P < 0.0001) and trees with absolute
      declines in live crown volume of >/=30 during one year had survival probabilities
      <0.5 in the following year. In contrast, more gradual water table declines of
      thick similar0.5 m had no measurable effect on mortality, stem growth, or live
      crown volume and produced significant declines only in annual branch growth
      increments. Developing quantitative information on the timing and extent of
      morphological responses and mortality of Populus to the rate, depth, and duration
      of water table declines can assist in the design of management prescriptions to
      minimize impacts of alluvial groundwater depletion on existing riparian Populus
      forests.

PMID- 9950698
TI  - A Quantitative Method for Estimating Probable Public Costs of Hurricanes.
AB  - / A method is presented for estimating probable public costs resulting from
      damage caused by hurricanes, measured as local government expenditures approved
      for reimbursement under the Stafford Act Section 406 Public Assistance Program.
      The method employs a multivariate model developed through multiple regression
      analysis of an array of independent variables that measure meteorological,
      socioeconomic, and physical conditions related to the landfall of hurricanes
      within a local government jurisdiction. From the regression analysis we chose a
      log-log (base 10) model that explains 74% of the variance in the expenditure data
      using population and wind speed as predictors. We illustrate application of the
      method for a local jurisdiction-Lee County, Florida, USA. The results show that
      potential public costs range from $4.7 million for a category 1 hurricane with
      winds of 137 kilometers per hour (85 miles per hour) to $130 million for a
      category 5 hurricane with winds of 265 kilometers per hour (165 miles per hour).
      Based on these figures, we estimate expected annual public costs of $2.3 million.
      These cost estimates: (1) provide useful guidance for anticipating the magnitude
      of the federal, state, and local expenditures that would be required for the
      array of possible hurricanes that could affect that jurisdiction; (2) allow
      policy makers to assess the implications of alternative federal and state
      policies for providing public assistance to jurisdictions that experience
      hurricane damage; and (3) provide information needed to develop a contingency
      fund or other financial mechanism for assuring that the community has sufficient
      funds available to meet its obligations. KEY WORDS: Hurricane; Public costs;
      Local government; Disaster recovery; Disaster response; Florida; Stafford Act

PMID- 9950699
TI  - Land-Use Change and Carbon Flux Between 1970s and 1990s in Central Highlands of
      Chiapas, Mexico.
AB  - / We present results of a study in an intensively impacted and highly fragmented
      landscape in which we apply field-measured carbon (C) density values to land
      use/land-cover (LU/LC) statistics to estimate the flux of C between terrestrial
      ecosystems and the atmosphere from the 1970s and 1990s. Carbon densities were
      assigned to common LU/LC classes on vegetation maps produced by Mexican
      governmental organizations and, by differencing areas and C pools, net C flux was
      calculated from the central highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, during a 16-year
      period. The total area of closed forests was reduced by half while degraded and
      fragmented forests expanded 56% and cultivated land and pasture areas increased
      by 8% and 30%, respectively. Total mean C densities ranged from a high of 504
      tons C/ha in the oak and evergreen cloud forests class to a low of 147 tons C/ha
      in the pasture class. The differences in total C densities among the various
      LU/LC classes were due to changes in biomass while soil organic matter C remained
      similar. We estimate that a total of 19.99 thick similar 10(6) tons C were
      released to the atmosphere during the period of time covered by our study, equal
      to approximately 34% of the 1975 vegetation C pool. The Chiapas highlands, while
      comprising just 0.3% of Mexico's surface area, contributed 3% of the net national
      C emissions. KEY WORDS: Land use; Land cover; Carbon flux; Forests; Chiapas
      highlands; Mexico

PMID- 9950700
TI  - Effects of Protective Fencing on Birds, Lizards, and Black-Tailed Hares in the
      Western Mojave Desert.
AB  - / Effects of protective fencing on birds, lizards, black-tailed hares (Lepus
      californicus), perennial plant cover, and structural diversity of perennial
      plants were evaluated from spring 1994 through winter 1995 at the Desert Tortoise
      Research Natural Area (DTNA), in the Mojave Desert, California. Abundance and
      species richness of birds were higher inside than outside the DTNA, and effects
      were larger during breeding than wintering seasons and during a high than a low
      rainfall year. Ash-throated flycatchers (Myiarchus cinerascens), cactus wrens
      (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus), LeConte's thrashers (Toxostoma lecontei),
      loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus), sage sparrows (Amphispiza belli), and
      verdins (Auriparus flaviceps) were more abundant inside than outside the DTNA.
      Nesting activity was also more frequent inside. Total abundance and species
      richness of lizards and individual abundances of western whiptail lizards
      (Cnemidophorous tigris) and desert spiny lizards (Sceloporus magister) were
      higher inside than outside. In contrast, abundance of black-tailed hares was
      lower inside. Structural diversity of the perennial plant community did not
      differ due to protection, but cover was 50% higher in protected areas. Black
      tailed hares generally prefer areas of low perennial plant cover, which may
      explain why they were more abundant outside than inside the DTNA. Habitat
      structure may not affect bird and lizard communities as much as availability of
      food at this desert site, and the greater abundance and species richness of
      vertebrates inside than outside the DTNA may correlate with abundances of seeds
      and invertebrate prey. KEY WORDS: Birds; Fenced protection; Lepus californicus,
      Lizards; Mojave Desert; Off-highway vehicles; Protected area management; Sheep
      grazing

PMID- 9950701
TI  - ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING: Tendencies in the Development of Tracks in Open Areas.
AB  - / The study aimed to compare the rate of vehicle and pedestrian track development
      between an unprotected open area and a protected one during the last 50 years.
      The results indicate that: (1) the rate of change in the length of tracks per 1
      square kilometer of a site has been four times greater in the unprotected area
      than in the protected area; (2) the number of area cells (the areas between the
      tracks) increased geometrically in the unprotected area, while the increase in
      the protected area was linear; and (3) most area cells (50%-70%) in the protected
      area in each of the years analyzed (except 1944) were smaller than 10 ha in size.
      However, an area cell greater than 100 ha has always been observed. In contrast,
      in the unprotected site the number of area cells increased with time while their
      area size decreased. Twenty-seven percent of the unprotected area is composed at
      present of area cells smaller in size than 1 ha. The development of a track
      system in the protected site changed moderately with a few peaks during the past
      50 years. This trend is a result of land management policies that actively
      promote sustainable ecotourism. However, in the unprotected open area, the track
      system has changed continuously and drastically due to a lack of land
      conservation management. KEY WORDS: Track development; Protected open areas;
      Unprotected open areas

PMID- 9950702
TI  - Effects of Military Training Activities on Shrub-steppe Raptors in Southwestern
      Idaho, USA.
AB  - / Between 1991 and 1994, we assessed relative abundance, nesting success, and
      distribution of ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis), northern harriers (Circus
      cyaneus), burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia), and short-eared owls (Asio
      flammeus) inside and outside a military training site in the Snake River Birds of
      Prey National Conservation Area, southwestern Idaho. The Orchard Training Area is
      used primarily for armored vehicle training and artillery firing by the Idaho
      Army National Guard. Relative abundance of nesting pairs inside and outside the
      training site was not significantly different from 1991 to 1993 but was
      significantly higher on the training site in 1994 (P &le 0.03). Nesting success
      varied among years but was not significantly different inside and outside the
      training site (P > 0.26). In 1994, short-eared owl and burrowing owl nests were
      significantly closer to firing ranges used early in the spring before owls laid
      eggs than were random points (P < 0.001). In 1993, distances from occupied
      burrowing owl nests to firing ranges used early in the year were similar to those
      from random points to the same firing ranges (P = 0.16). Military activity
      contributed to some nesting failures from 1992 to 1994, but some pairs nested
      successfully near military activity. KEY WORDS: Distribution; Military impacts;
      Nesting success; Raptors; Relative abundance; Shrub-steppe

PMID- 9950703
TI  - [Clinical application of chromosome haplotype analysis and mutation analysis to
      the diagnosis of Wilson's disease].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To set up the method of gene diagnosis of Wilson's disease (WD) by
      chromosome haplotype analysis and mutation detection. METHODS: This study
      selected 3 (CA)n repeat genetic markers,D13S316, D13S133 and D13S314 to construct
      the chromosome haplotype within 8 Han WD families. PCR-SSCP was used to reconfirm
      the diagnosis of the siblings of the probands in the families where in the
      disease-causing mutation had been detected. RESULTS: One asymptomatic WD patient
      and 5 heterozygotes were detected. CONCLUSION: In the WD families, the analysis
      of chromosome haplotype helps to make the diagnosis of siblings of the
      probands;for the WD families in which the disease-causing mutation has been
      ascertained, mutation analysis can provide direct and definite evidence for
      diagnosis. The combination of these two methods can provide more evidences for
      diagnosis.

PMID- 9950704
TI  - Effects of Code Growth and Parsimony Pressure on Populations in Genetic
      Programming.
AB  - Parsimony pressure, the explicit penalization of larger programs, has been
      increasingly used as a means of controlling code growth in genetic programming.
      However, in many cases parsimony pressure degrades the performance of the genetic
      program. In this paper we show that poor average results with parsimony pressure
      are a result of 'failed' populations that overshadow the results of populations
      that incorporate parsimony pressure successfully. Additionally, we show that the
      effect of parsimony pressure can be measured by calculating the relationship
      between program size and performance within the population. This measure can be
      used as a partial indicator of success or failure for individual populations.

PMID- 9950705
TI  - Collective Adaptation: The Exchange of Coding Segments.
AB  - Coding segments are those subsegments of the chromosome that contribute
      positively to the fitness evaluation of the chromosome. Clique detection is a NP
      complete problem in which we can detect such coding segments. We extract coding
      segments from chromosomes, and we investigate the duplication of coding segments
      inside the chromosome and the collection of coding segments outside of the
      chromosome. We find that duplication of coding segments inside the chromosomes
      provides a back-up mechanism for the search heuristics. We further find local
      search in a collective memory of coding segments outside of the chromosome,
      collective adaptation, enables the search heuristic to represent partial
      solutions that are larger than realistic chromosomes lengths and to express the
      solution outside of the chromosome.

PMID- 9950706
TI  - Code Growth, Explicitly Defined Introns, and Alternative Selection Schemes.
AB  - Previous work on introns and code growth in genetic programming is expanded on
      and tested experimentally. Explicitly defined introns are introduced to tree
      based representations as an aid to measuring and evaluating intron behavior.
      Although it is shown that introns do create code growth, they are not its only
      cause. Removing introns merely decreases the growth rate; it does not eliminate
      it. By systematically negating various forms of intron behavior, a deeper
      understanding of the causes of code growth is obtained, leading to the
      development of a system that keeps unnecessary bloat to a minimum. Alternative
      selection schemes and recombination operators are examined and improvements
      demonstrated over the standard selection methods in terms of both performance and
      parsimony.

PMID- 9950707
TI  - ptGAs-Genetic Algorithms Evolving Noncoding Segments by Means of
      Promoter/Terminator Sequences.
AB  - In this article we present work on chromosome structures for genetic algorithms
      (GAs) based on biological principles. Mainly, the influence of noncoding segments
      on GA behavior and performance is investigated. We compare representations with
      noncoding sequences at predefined, fixed locations with 'junk' code induced by
      the use of promoter/terminator sequences (ptGAs) that define start and end of a
      coding sequence, respectively. As one of the advantages of noncoding segments a
      few researchers have identified the reduction of the disruptive effects of
      crossover, and we solidify this argument by a formal analysis of crossover
      disruption probabilities for noncoding segments at fixed locations. The
      additional use of promoter/terminator sequences not only enables evolution of
      parameter values, but also allows for adaptation of number, size, and location of
      genes (problem parameters) on an artificial chromosome. Randomly generated
      chromosomes of fixed length carry different numbers of promoter/terminator
      sequences resulting in genes of varying size and location. Evolution of these
      ptGA chromosomes drives the number of parameters and their values to (sub)optimal
      solutions. Moreover, the formation of tightly linked building blocks is enhanced
      by self-organization of gene locations. We also introduce a new, nondisruptive
      crossover operator emerging from the ptGA gene structure with adaptive crossover
      rate, location, and number of crossover sites. For experimental comparisons of
      this genetic operator to conventional crossover in GAs, as well as properties of
      different ptGA chromosome structures, an artificial problem from the literature
      is utilized. Finally, the potential of ptGA is demonstrated on an NP-complete
      combinatorial optimization problem.

PMID- 9950708
TI  - Putting More Genetics into Genetic Algorithms.
AB  - The majority of current genetic algorithms (GAs), while inspired by natural
      evolutionary systems, are seldom viewed as biologically plausible models. This is
      not a criticism of GAs, but rather a reflection of choices made regarding the
      level of abstraction at which biological mechanisms are modeled, and a reflection
      of the more engineering-oriented goals of the evolutionary computation community.
      Understanding better and reducing this gap between GAs and genetics has been a
      central issue in an interdisciplinary project whose goal is to build GA-based
      computational models of viral evolution. The result is a system called Virtual
      Virus (VIV). The VIV incorporates a number of more biologically plausible
      mechanisms, including a more flexible genotype-to-phenotype mapping. In VIV the
      genes are independent of position, and genomes can vary in length and may contain
      noncoding regions, as well as duplicative or competing genes. Initial
      computational studies with VIV have already revealed several emergent phenomena
      of both biological and computational interest. In the absence of any penalty
      based on genome length, VIV develops individuals with long genomes and also
      performs more poorly (from a problem-solving viewpoint) than when a length
      penalty is used. With a fixed linear length penalty, genome length tends to
      increase dramatically in the early phases of evolution and then decrease to a
      level based on the mutation rate. The plateau genome length (i.e., the average
      length of individuals in the final population) generally increases in response to
      an increase in the base mutation rate. When VIV converges, there tend to be many
      copies of good alternative genes within the individuals. We observed many
      instances of switching between active and inactive genes during the entire
      evolutionary process. These observations support the conclusion that noncoding
      regions serve a positive step in understanding how GAs might exploit more of the
      power and flexibility of biological evolution while simultaneously providing
      better tools for understanding evolving biological systems.

PMID- 9950709
TI  - Introduction to the Special Issue: Variable-Length Representation and Noncoding
      Segments for Evolutionary Algorithms.

PMID- 9950710
TI  - Effects of background color on the global and local processing of hierarchically
      organized stimuli.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that (1) the global precedence effects in processing
      the hierarchically organized stimulus can be attenuated by eliminating the low
      spatial frequencies contained in the stimulus and (2) the human magnocellular
      pathway is responsible for processing low spatial frequencies and the pathway can
      be attenuated by imposing a red background on the stimulus. In the present study,
      a reaction-time experiment was conducted to examine the effect of background
      color of the stimulus to the processing of the hierarchically organized stimulus.
      The result showed that although the control condition (a green background)
      produced a prototypical asymmetric global interference, a red background that was
      equiluminant to the green background produced a symmetrical interference. It was
      concluded that the human magnocellular pathway is at least partially responsible
      in producing the global precedence effects.

PMID- 9950711
TI  - Graded functional activation in the visuospatial system with the amount of task
      demand.
AB  - Two studies examined how the amount and type of computational demand are related
      to fMRI-measured activation in three bilateral cortical regions involved in the
      Shepard-Metzler (1971) mental-rotation paradigm. The amount of demand for the
      computation of visuospatial coordinates was manipulated by presenting mental
      rotation problems with increasing angular disparity (0, 40, 80, or 120 degrees).
      Activation in both the left and right intraparietal sulcal regions increased
      linearly with angular disparity in two separate studies. Activation also occurred
      in the fusiform gyrus and inferior temporal regions, regions that are primarily
      associated with the processes of object and object-part identification. By
      contrast, the demand for object recognition and rotation processes was relatively
      low, and the demand for executing saccades was high in a control condition that
      required making a systematic visual scan of two grids. The grid-scanning
      condition resulted in relatively less activation in the parietal and inferior
      temporal regions but considerable activation in frontal areas that are associated
      with planning and executing saccades, including the precentral gyrus and sulcus
      into the posterior middle frontal region. These data suggest that the amount of
      activation in the various cortical regions that support visuospatial processing
      is related to the amount, as well as to the type, of computational demand.

PMID- 9950712
TI  - Cortical regions associated with perceiving, naming, and knowing about colors.
AB  - Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to investigate whether retrieving
      information about a specific object attribute requires reactivation of brain
      areas that mediate perception of that attribute. During separate PET scans,
      subjects passively viewed colored and equiluminant gray-scale Mondrians, named
      colored and achromatic objects, named the color of colored objects, and generated
      color names associated with achromatic objects. Color perception was associated
      with activations in the lingual and fusiform gyri of the occipital lobes,
      consistent with previous neuroimaging and human lesion studies. Retrieving
      information about object color (generating color names for achromatic objects
      relative to naming achromatic objects) activated the left inferior temporal, left
      frontal, and left posterior parietal cortices, replicating previous findings from
      this laboratory. When subjects generated color names for achromatic objects
      relative to the low-level baseline of viewing gray-scale Mondrians, additional
      activations in the left fusiform/lateral occipital region were detected. However,
      these activations were lateral to the occipital regions associated with color
      perception and identical to occipital regions activated when subjects simply
      named achromatic objects relative to the same low-level baseline. This suggests
      that the occipital activations associated with retrieving color information were
      due to the perception of object form rather than to the top-down influence of
      brain areas that mediate color perception. Taken together, these results indicate
      that retrieving previously acquired information about an object's typical color
      does not require reactivation of brain regions that subserve color perception.

PMID- 9950713
TI  - Neural evidence linking visual object enumeration and attention.
AB  - Visual object enumeration is rapid and accurate for four or fewer items but slow
      and error-prone for over four items. This dichotomy has recently been linked to
      visual attentional phenomena by findings suggesting that 'subitizing' of small
      sets of objects is preattentive whereas 'counting' of over four items demands
      spatial shifts of attention. We evaluated this link at a neural level, using H2
      15-O positron emission tomography to measure changes in regional cerebral blood
      flow while subjects enumerated the number of target vertical bars that 'popped
      out' of a 16-bar visual display consisting of both horizontal and vertical bars.
      Relative to a condition with a single target, subitizing (one to four targets)
      activated foci in the occipital extrastriate cortex, consistent with involvement
      of early, preattentive visual processes. Relative to subitizing, counting (five
      to eight targets) activated a widespread network of brain regions, including
      multiple foci implicated in shifting visual attention-large regions of the
      superior parietal cortex bilaterally and a focus in the right inferior frontal
      cortex. These results offer the first direct neural support for mapping the
      subitizing-counting dichotomy onto separable processes mediating preattentive
      vision and shifts of visual attention.

PMID- 9950714
TI  - Blindsight in subjects with homonymous visual field defects.
AB  - Brain damage in the visual system can lead to apparently blind visual areas.
      However, more elaborate testing indicates that some visual ability may still
      exist for specific stimuli in the otherwise blind regions. This phenomenon is
      called 'blindsight' if subjects report no conscious awareness of visual stimuli
      but when forced to guess, nevertheless perform better than chance. It has mainly
      been suggested that secondary visual pathways are responsible for this
      phenomenon. However, no published study has clearly shown the neural mechanism
      responsible for blindsight. Furthermore, experimental artifacts may have been
      responsible for the appearance of the phenomenon in some subjects. In the present
      study, the visual fields of nine subjects were mapped and residual visual
      performance was examined in many areas using three different experimental
      procedures. Artifacts such as stray light or eye movements were well controlled.
      In addition, confidence ratings were required after each trial in the forced
      choice tests. The results show that only one subject with a lesion in the optic
      radiation had blindsight in two discrete areas of the affected visual field.
      Spared optic radiation fibers of the main (primary) geniculo-striate visual
      pathway were most likely to account for this finding.

PMID- 9950715
TI  - Frames of reference for mapping tactile stimuli in brain-damaged patients.
AB  - Twelve normal controls, twelve left-brain-damaged patients, and thirty-six right
      brain-damaged patients with or without tactile extinction or tactile neglect were
      asked to report light touches delivered to the left or the right hand or
      simultaneously to both hands. The hands could be in anatomic position or one hand
      could cross over the other. Moreover, the two hands could be in the left or the
      right hemispace or across the corporeal midline. Controls and nontactile
      extinction groups performed better when the hands were in anatomical than in
      crossed position. By contrast, patients with tactile extinction detected
      contralesional stimuli with higher accuracy in crossed than in anatomical
      position. This result suggests that, in these patients, impairments in detecting
      contralesional stimuli can be due not only to sensory but also to spatial factors
      contingent upon the position of the hands. There was no interaction between the
      effect of crossing the hands and the hemispace where the crossing took place.
      This suggests that coding the position of a hand as left or right does not
      necessarily occur in relation to the bodily midline, but it may arise from the
      computation of the position of the other hand.

PMID- 9950716
TI  - Conceptual processing during the conscious resting state. A functional MRI study.
AB  - Localized, task-induced decreases in cerebral blood flow are a frequent finding
      in functional brain imaging research but remain poorly understood. One account of
      these phenomena postulates processes ongoing during conscious, resting states
      that are interrupted or inhibited by task performance. Psychological evidence
      suggests that conscious humans are engaged almost continuously in adaptive
      processes involving semantic knowledge retrieval, representation in awareness,
      and directed manipulation of represented knowledge for organization, problem
      solving, and planning. If interruption of such 'conceptual' processes accounts
      for task-induced deactivation, tasks that also engage these conceptual processes
      should not cause deactivation. Furthermore, comparisons between conceptual and
      nonconceptual tasks should show activation during conceptual tasks of the same
      brain areas that are 'deactivated' relative to rest. To test this model,
      functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired during a resting state,
      a perceptual task, and a semantic retrieval task. A network of left-hemisphere
      polymodal cortical regions showed higher signal values during the resting state
      than during the perceptual task but equal values during the resting and semantic
      conditions. This result is consistent with the proposal that perceptual tasks
      interrupt processes ongoing during rest that involve many of the same brain areas
      engaged during semantic retrieval. As further evidence for this model, the same
      network of brain areas was activated in two direct comparisons between semantic
      and perceptual processing tasks. This same 'conceptual processing' network was
      also identified in several previous studies that contrasted semantic and
      perceptual tasks or resting and active states. The model proposed here offers a
      unified account of these findings and may help to explain several unanticipated
      results from prior studies of semantic processing.

PMID- 9950717
TI  - Functional anatomy of perceptual and semantic processing for odors.
AB  - The functional anatomy of perceptual and semantic processings for odors was
      studied using positron emission tomography (PET). The first experiment was a
      pretest in which 71 normal subjects were asked to rate 185 odorants in terms of
      intensity, familiarity, hedonicity, and comestibility and to name the odorants.
      This pretest was necessary to select the most appropriate stimuli for the
      different cognitive tasks of the second experiment. The second one was a PET
      experiment in which 15 normal subjects were scanned using the water bolus method
      to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during the performance in three
      conditions. In the first (perceptual) condition, subjects were asked to judge
      whether an odor was familiar or not. In the second (semantic) condition, subjects
      had to decide whether an odor corresponded to a comestible item or not. In the
      third (detection) condition, subjects had to judge whether the perceived stimulus
      was made of an odor or was just air. It was hypothetized that the three tasks
      were hierarchically organized from a superficial detection level to a deep
      semantic level. Odorants were presented with an air-flow olfactometer, which
      allowed the stimulations to be synchronized with breathing. Subtraction of
      activation images obtained between familiarity and control judgments revealed
      that familiarity judgments were mainly associated with the activity of the right
      orbito-frontal area, the subcallosal gyrus, the left inferior frontal gyrus, the
      left superior frontal gyrus, and the anterior cingulate (Brodmann's areas 11, 25,
      47, 9, and 32, respectively). The comestibility minus familiarity comparison
      showed that comestibility judgments selectively activated the primary visual
      areas. In contrast, a decrease in rCBF was observed in these same visual areas
      for familiarity judgments and in the orbito-frontal area for comestibility
      judgments. These results suggest that orbito-frontal and visual regions interact
      in odor processing in a complementary way, depending on the task requirements.

PMID- 9950718
TI  - Cerebral mechanisms of hypnotic induction and suggestion.
AB  - The neural mechanisms underlying hypnotic states and responses to hypnotic
      suggestions remain largely unknown and, to date, have been studied only with
      indirect methods. Here, the effects of hypnosis and suggestions to alter pain
      perception were investigated in hypnotizable subjects by using positron emission
      tomography (PET) measures of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and
      electroencephalographic (EEG) measures of brain electrical activity. The
      experimental conditions included a restful state (Baseline) followed by hypnotic
      relaxation alone (Hypnosis) and by hypnotic relaxation with suggestions for
      altered pain unpleasantness (Hypnosis-with-Suggestion). During each scan, the
      left hand was immersed in neutral (35 degree C) or painfully hot (47 degrees C)
      water in the first two conditions and in painfully hot water in the last
      condition. Hypnosis was accompanied by significant increases in both occipital
      rCBF and delta EEG activity, which were highly correlated with each other (r =
      0.70, p < 0.0001). Peak increases in rCBF were also observed in the caudal part
      of the right anterior cingulate sulcus and bilaterally in the inferior frontal
      gyri. Hypnosis-related decreases in rCBF were found in the right inferior
      parietal lobule, the left precuneus, and the posterior cingulate gyrus. Hypnosis
      with-suggestions produced additional widespread increases in rCBF in the frontal
      cortices predominantly on the left side. Moreover, the medial and lateral
      posterior parietal cortices showed suggestion-related increases overlapping
      partly with regions of hypnosis-related decreases. Results support a state theory
      of hypnosis in which occipital increases in rCBF and delta activity reflect the
      alteration of consciousness associated with decreased arousal and possible
      facilitation of visual imagery. Frontal increases in rCBF associated with
      suggestions for altered perception might reflect the verbal mediation of the
      suggestions, working memory, and top-down processes involved in the
      reinterpretation of the perceptual experience. These results provide a new
      description of the neurobiological basis of hypnosis, demonstrating specific
      patterns of cerebral activation associated with the hypnotic state and with the
      processing of hypnotic suggestions.

PMID- 9950719
TI  - Evolution of time coding systems.
AB  - The auditory and electrosensory systems contain circuits that are specialized for
      the encoding and processing of microsecond time differences. Analysis of these
      circuits in two specialists, weakly electric fish and barn owls, has uncovered
      common design principles and illuminated some aspects of their evolution.

PMID- 9950720
TI  - Computing with self-excitatory cliques: A model and an application to hyperacuity
      scale computation in visual cortex.
AB  - We present a model of visual computation based on tightly inter-connected cliques
      of pyramidal cells. It leads to a formal theory of cell assemblies, a specific
      relationship between correlated firing patterns and abstract functionality, and a
      direct calculation relating estimates of cortical cell counts to orientation
      hyperacuity. Our network architecture is unique in that (1) it supports a mode of
      computation that is both reliable and efficient; (2) the current-spike relations
      are modeled as an analog dynamical system in which the requisite computations can
      take place on the time scale required for an early stage of visual processing;
      and (3) the dynamics are triggered by the spatiotemporal response of cortical
      cells. This final point could explain why moving stimuli improve vernier
      sensitivity.

PMID- 9950721
TI  - Complex response to periodic inhibition in simple and detailed neuronal models.
AB  - Constant current injection with superimposed periodic inhibition gives rise to
      phase locking as well as chaotic activity in rat neocortical neurons. Here we
      compare the behavior of a leaky integrate-and-fire neural model with that of a
      biophysically realistic model of the rat neuron to determine which membrane
      properties influence the response to such stimuli. We find that only the
      biophysical model with voltage-sensitive conductances can produce chaotic
      behavior.

PMID- 9950722
TI  - Neuronal tuning: To sharpen or broaden?
AB  - Sensory and motor variables are typically represented by a population of broadly
      tuned neurons. A coarser representation with broader tuning can often improve
      coding accuracy, but sometimes the accuracy may also improve with sharper tuning.
      The theoretical analysis here shows that the relationship between tuning width
      and accuracy depends crucially on the dimension of the encoded variable. A
      general rule is derived for how the Fisher information scales with the tuning
      width, regardless of the exact shape of the tuning function, the probability
      distribution of spikes, and allowing some correlated noise between neurons. These
      results demonstrate a universal dimensionality effect in neural population
      coding.

PMID- 9950723
TI  - Narrow versus wide tuning curves: What's best for a population code?
AB  - Neurophysiologists are often faced with the problem of evaluating the quality of
      a code for a sensory or motor variable, either to relate it to the performance of
      the animal in a simple discrimination task or to compare the codes at various
      stages along the neuronal pathway. One common belief that has emerged from such
      studies is that sharpening of tuning curves improves the quality of the code,
      although only to a certain point; sharpening beyond that is believed to be
      harmful. We show that this belief relies on either problematic technical analysis
      or improper assumptions about the noise. We conclude that one cannot tell, in the
      general case, whether narrow tuning curves are better than wide ones; the answer
      depends critically on the covariance of the noise. The same conclusion applies to
      other manipulations of the tuning curve profiles such as gain increase.

PMID- 9950724
TI  - The effect of correlated variability on the accuracy of a population code.
AB  - We study the impact of correlated neuronal firing rate variability on the
      accuracy with which an encoded quantity can be extracted from a population of
      neurons. Contrary to widespread belief, correlations in the variabilities of
      neuronal firing rates do not, in general, limit the increase in coding accuracy
      provided by using large populations of encoding neurons. Furthermore, in some
      cases, but not all, correlations improve the accuracy of a population code.

PMID- 9950725
TI  - A neural network model of temporal code generation and position-invariant pattern
      recognition.
AB  - Numerous studies have suggested that the brain may encode information in the
      temporal firing pattern of neurons. However, little is known regarding how
      information may come to be temporally encoded and about the potential
      computational advantages of temporal coding. Here, it is shown that local
      inhibition may underlie the temporal encoding of spatial images. As a result of
      inhibition, the response of a given cell can be significantly modulated by
      stimulus features outside its own receptive field. Feedforward and lateral
      inhibition can modulate both the firing rate and temporal features, such as
      latency. In this article, it is shown that a simple neural network model can use
      local inhibition to generate temporal codes of handwritten numbers. The temporal
      encoding of a spatial pattern has the interesting and computationally beneficial
      feature of exhibiting position invariance. This work demonstrates a manner by
      which the nervous system may generate temporal codes and shows that temporal
      encoding can be used to create position-invariant codes.

PMID- 9950726
TI  - Probabilistic synaptic transmission in the associative net.
AB  - The associative net model of heteroassociative memory with binary-valued synapses
      has been extended to include recent experimental data indicating that in the
      hippocampus, one form of synaptic modification is a change in the probability of
      synaptic transmission. Pattern pairs are stored in the net by a version of the
      Hebbian learning rule that changes the probability of transmission at synapses
      where the presynaptic and post-synaptic units are simultaneously active from a
      low, base value to a high, modified value. Numerical calculations of the expected
      recall response of this stochastic associative net have been used to assess the
      performance for different values of the base and modified probabilities. If there
      is a cost incurred with generating the difference between these probabilities,
      then a difference of about 0. 4 is optimal. This corresponds to the magnitude of
      change seen experimentally. Performance can be greatly enhanced by using multiple
      cue presentations during recall.

PMID- 9950727
TI  - A stochastic self-organizing map for proximity data.
AB  - We derive an efficient algorithm for topographic mapping of proximity data (TMP),
      which can be seen as an extension of Kohonen's self-organizing map to arbitrary
      distance measures. The TMP cost function is derived in a Baysian framework of
      folded Markov chains for the description of autoencoders. It incorporates the
      data by a dissimilarity matrix D and the topographic neighborhood by a matrix H
      of transition probabilities. From the principle of maximum entropy, a
      nonfactorizing Gibbs distribution is obtained, which is approximated in a mean
      field fashion. This allows for maximum likelihood estimation using an expectation
      maximization algorithm. In analogy to the transition from topographic vector
      quantization to the self-organizing map, we suggest an approximation to TMP that
      is computationally more efficient. In order to prevent convergence to local
      minima, an annealing scheme in the temperature parameter is introduced, for which
      the critical temperature of the first phase transition is calculated in terms of
      D and H. Numerical results demonstrate the working of the algorithm and confirm
      the analytical results. Finally, the algorithm is used to generate a connection
      map of areas of the cat's cerebral cortex.

PMID- 9950728
TI  - High-order contrasts for independent component analysis.
AB  - This article considers high-order measures of independence for the independent
      component analysis problem and discusses the class of Jacobi algorithms for their
      optimization. Several implementations are discussed. We compare the proposed
      approaches with gradient-based techniques from the algorithmic point of view and
      also on a set of biomedical data.

PMID- 9950729
TI  - Variational learning in nonlinear gaussian belief networks.
AB  - We view perceptual tasks such as vision and speech recognition as inference
      problems where the goal is to estimate the posterior distribution over latent
      variables (e.g., depth in stereo vision) given the sensory input. The recent
      flurry of research in independent component analysis exemplifies the importance
      of inferring the continuous-valued latent variables of input data. The latent
      variables found by this method are linearly related to the input, but perception
      requires nonlinear inferences such as classification and depth estimation. In
      this article, we present a unifying framework for stochastic neural networks with
      nonlinear latent variables. Nonlinear units are obtained by passing the outputs
      of linear gaussian units through various nonlinearities. We present a general
      variational method that maximizes a lower bound on the likelihood of a training
      set and give results on two visual feature extraction problems. We also show how
      the variational method can be used for pattern classification and compare the
      performance of these nonlinear networks with other methods on the problem of
      handwritten digit recognition.

PMID- 9950730
TI  - Propagating distributions up directed acyclic graphs.
AB  - In a previous article, we considered game trees as graphical models. Adopting an
      evaluation function that returned a probability distribution over values likely
      to be taken at a given position, we described how to build a model of uncertainty
      and use it for utility-directed growth of the search tree and for deciding on a
      move after search was completed. In some games, such as chess and Othello, the
      same position can occur more than once, collapsing the game tree to a directed
      acyclic graph (DAG). This induces correlations among the distributions at sibling
      nodes. This article discusses some issues that arise in extending our algorithms
      to a DAG. We give a simply described algorithm for correctly propagating
      distributions up a game DAG, taking account of dependencies induced by the DAG
      structure. This algorithm is exponential time in the worst case. We prove that it
      is #P complete to propagate distributions up a game DAG correctly. We suggest how
      our exact propagation algorithm can yield a fast but inexact heuristic.

PMID- 9950731
TI  - Modeling and prediction of human behavior.
AB  - We propose that many human behaviors can be accurately described as a set of
      dynamic modes (e.g., Kalman filters) sequenced together by a Markov chain. We
      then use these dynamic Markov models to recognize human behaviors from sensory
      data and to predict human behaviors over a few seconds time. To test the power of
      this modeling approach, we report an experiment in which we were able to achieve
      95% accuracy at predicting automobile drivers' subsequent actions from their
      initial preparatory movements.

PMID- 9950732
TI  - Analog VLSI-based modeling of the primate oculomotor system.
AB  - One way to understand a neurobiological system is by building a simulacrum that
      replicates its behavior in real time using similar constraints. Analog very large
      scale integrated (VLSI) electronic circuit technology provides such an enabling
      technology. We here describe a neuromorphic system that is part of a long-term
      effort to understand the primate oculomotor system. It requires both fast sensory
      processing and fast motor control to interact with the world. A one-dimensional
      hardware model of the primate eye has been built that simulates the physical
      dynamics of the biological system. It is driven by two different analog VLSI
      chips, one mimicking cortical visual processing for target selection and tracking
      and another modeling brain stem circuits that drive the eye muscles. Our
      oculomotor plant demonstrates both smooth pursuit movements, driven by a retinal
      velocity error signal, and saccadic eye movements, controlled by retinal position
      error, and can reproduce several behavioral, stimulation, lesion, and adaptation
      experiments performed on primates.

PMID- 9950733
TI  - JPEG quality transcoding using neural networks trained with a perceptual error
      measure.
AB  - A JPEG Quality Transcoder (JQT) converts a JPEG image file that was encoded with
      low image quality to a larger JPEG image file with reduced visual artifacts,
      without access to the original uncompressed image. In this article, we describe
      technology for JQT design that takes a pattern recognition approach to the
      problem, using a database of images to train statistical models of the artifacts
      introduced through JPEG compression. In the training procedure for these models,
      we use a model of human visual perception as an error measure. Our current
      prototype system removes 32.2% of the artifacts introduced by moderate
      compression, as measured on an independent test database of linearly coded images
      using a perceptual error metric. This improvement results in an average PSNR
      reduction of 0.634 dB.

PMID- 9950734
TI  - A unifying review of linear gaussian models.
AB  - Factor analysis, principal component analysis, mixtures of gaussian clusters,
      vector quantization, Kalman filter models, and hidden Markov models can all be
      unified as variations of unsupervised learning under a single basic generative
      model. This is achieved by collecting together disparate observations and
      derivations made by many previous authors and introducing a new way of linking
      discrete and continuous state models using a simple nonlinearity. Through the use
      of other nonlinearities, we show how independent component analysis is also a
      variation of the same basic generative model. We show that factor analysis and
      mixtures of gaussians can be implemented in autoencoder neural networks and
      learned using squared error plus the same regularization term. We introduce a new
      model for static data, known as sensible principal component analysis, as well as
      a novel concept of spatially adaptive observation noise. We also review some of
      the literature involving global and local mixtures of the basic models and
      provide pseudocode for inference and learning for all the basic models.

PMID- 9950735
TI  - Implicit learning in 3D object recognition: the importance of temporal context.
AB  - A novel architecture and set of learning rules for cortical self-organization is
      proposed. The model is based on the idea that multiple information channels can
      modulate one another's plasticity. Features learned from bottom-up information
      sources can thus be influenced by those learned from contextual pathways, and
      vice versa. A maximum likelihood cost function allows this scheme to be
      implemented in a biologically feasible, hierarchical neural circuit. In
      simulations of the model, we first demonstrate the utility of temporal context in
      modulating plasticity. The model learns a representation that categorizes
      people's faces according to identity, independent of viewpoint, by taking
      advantage of the temporal continuity in image sequences. In a second set of
      simulations, we add plasticity to the contextual stream and explore variations in
      the architecture. In this case, the model learns a two-tiered representation,
      starting with a coarse view-based clustering and proceeding to a finer clustering
      of more specific stimulus features. This model provides a tenable account of how
      people may perform 3D object recognition in a hierarchical, bottom-up fashion.

PMID- 9950736
TI  - Relation between retinotopical and orientation maps in visual cortex.
AB  - A recent study of cat visual cortex reported abrupt changes in the positions of
      the receptive fields of adjacent neurons whose preferred orientations strongly
      differed (Das & Gilbert, 1997). Using a simple cortical model, we show that this
      covariation of discontinuities in maps of orientation preference and local
      distortions in maps of visual space reflects collective effects of the lateral
      cortical feedback.

PMID- 9950737
TI  - A parallel noise-robust algorithm to recover depth information from radial flow
      fields.
AB  - A parallel algorithm operating on the units ('neurons') of an artificial retina
      is proposed to recover depth information in a visual scene from radial flow
      fields induced by ego motion along a given axis. The system consists of up to 600
      radii with fewer than 65 radially arranged neurons on each radius. Neurons are
      connected only to their nearest neighbors, and they are excited as soon as a
      sufficiently strong gray-level change occurs. The time difference of two
      subsequently activated neurons is then used by the last-excited neuron to compute
      the depth information. All algorithmic calculations remain strictly local, and
      information is exchanged only between adjacent active neurons (except for the
      final read-out). This, in principle, permits parallel implementation.
      Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the calculation of the object coordinates
      requires only a single multiplication with a constant, which is dependent on only
      the retinal position of the active neuron. The initial restriction to local
      operations makes the algorithm very noise sensitive. In order to solve this
      problem, a predication mechanism is introduced. After an object coordinate has
      been determined, the active neuron computes the time when the next neuronal
      excitation should take place. This estimated time is transferred to the
      respective next neuron, which will wait for this excitation only within a certain
      time window. If the excitation fails to arrive within this window, the previously
      computed object coordinate is regarded as noisy and discarded. We will show that
      this predictive mechanism relies also on only a (second) single multiplication
      with another neuron-dependent constant. Thus, computational complexity remains
      low, and noisy depth coordinates are efficiently eliminated. Thus, the algorithm
      is very fast and operates in real time on 128 x 128 images even in a serial
      implementation on a relatively slow computer. The algorithm is tested on scenes
      of growing complexity, and a detailed error analysis is provided showing that the
      depth error remains very low in most cases. A comparison to standard flow-field
      analysis shows that our algorithm outperforms the older method by far. The
      analysis of the algorithm also shows that it is generally applicable despite its
      restrictions, because it is fast and accurate enough such that a complete depth
      percept can be composed from radial flow field segments. Finally, we suggest how
      to generalize the algorithm, waiving the restriction of radial flow.

PMID- 9950738
TI  - Independent component analysis using an extended infomax algorithm for mixed
      subgaussian and supergaussian sources.
AB  - An extension of the infomax algorithm of Bell and Sejnowski (1995) is presented
      that is able blindly to separate mixed signals with sub- and supergaussian source
      distributions. This was achieved by using a simple type of learning rule first
      derived by Girolami (1997) by choosing negentropy as a projection pursuit index.
      Parameterized probability distributions that have sub- and supergaussian regimes
      were used to derive a general learning rule that preserves the simple
      architecture proposed by Bell and Sejnowski (1995), is optimized using the
      natural gradient by Amari (1998), and uses the stability analysis of Cardoso and
      Laheld (1996) to switch between sub- and supergaussian regimes. We demonstrate
      that the extended infomax algorithm is able to separate 20 sources with a variety
      of source distributions easily. Applied to high-dimensional data from
      electroencephalographic recordings, it is effective at separating artifacts such
      as eye blinks and line noise from weaker electrical signals that arise from
      sources in the brain.

PMID- 9950739
TI  - Mixtures of probabilistic principal component analyzers.
AB  - Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most popular techniques for
      processing, compressing, and visualizing data, although its effectiveness is
      limited by its global linearity. While nonlinear variants of PCA have been
      proposed, an alternative paradigm is to capture data complexity by a combination
      of local linear PCA projections. However, conventional PCA does not correspond to
      a probability density, and so there is no unique way to combine PCA models.
      Therefore, previous attempts to formulate mixture models for PCA have been ad hoc
      to some extent. In this article, PCA is formulated within a maximum likelihood
      framework, based on a specific form of gaussian latent variable model. This leads
      to a well-defined mixture model for probabilistic principal component analyzers,
      whose parameters can be determined using an expectation-maximization algorithm.
      We discuss the advantages of this model in the context of clustering, density
      modeling, and local dimensionality reduction, and we demonstrate its application
      to image compression and handwritten digit recognition.

PMID- 9950740
TI  - Boosted mixture of experts: an ensemble learning scheme.
AB  - We present a new supervised learning procedure for ensemble machines, in which
      outputs of predictors, trained on different distributions, are combined by a
      dynamic classifier combination model. This procedure may be viewed as either a
      version of mixture of experts (Jacobs, Jordan, Nowlan, & Hintnon, 1991), applied
      to classification, or a variant of the boosting algorithm (Schapire, 1990). As a
      variant of the mixture of experts, it can be made appropriate for general
      classification and regression problems by initializing the partition of the data
      set to different experts in a boostlike manner. If viewed as a variant of the
      boosting algorithm, its main gain is the use of a dynamic combination model for
      the outputs of the networks. Results are demonstrated on a synthetic example and
      a digit recognition task from the NIST database and compared with classifical
      ensemble approaches.

PMID- 9950741
TI  - Boosting regression estimators.
AB  - There is interest in extending the boosting algorithm (Schapire, 1990) to fit a
      wide range of regression problems. The threshold-based boosting algorithm for
      regression used an analogy between classification errors and big errors in
      regression. We focus on the practical aspects of this algorithm and compare it to
      other attempts to extend boosting to regression. The practical capabilities of
      this model are demonstrated on the laser data from the Santa Fe times-series
      competition and the Mackey-Glass time series, where the results surpass those of
      standard ensemble average.

PMID- 9950742
TI  - An On-line agglomerative clustering method for nonstationary data.
AB  - An on-line agglomerative clustering algorithm for nonstationary data is
      described. Three issues are addressed. The first regards the temporal aspects of
      the data. The clustering of stationary data by the proposed algorithm is
      comparable to the other popular algorithms tested (batch and on-line). The second
      issue addressed is the number of clusters required to represent the data. The
      algorithm provides an efficient framework to determine the natural number of
      clusters given the scale of the problem. Finally, the proposed algorithm
      implicitly minimizes the local distortion, a measure that takes into account
      clusters with relatively small mass. In contrast, most existing on-line
      clustering methods assume stationarity of the data. When used to cluster
      nonstationary data, these methods fail to generate a good representation.
      Moreover, most current algorithms are computationally intensive when determining
      the correct number of clusters. These algorithms tend to neglect clusters of
      small mass due to their minimization of the global distortion (Energy).

PMID- 9950743
TI  - Hidden neural networks.
AB  - A general framework for hybrids of hidden Markov models (HMMs) and neural
      networks (NNs) called hidden neural networks (HNNs) is described. The article
      begins by reviewing standard HMMs and estimation by conditional maximum
      likelihood, which is used by the HNN. In the HNN, the usual HMM probability
      parameters are replaced by the outputs of state-specific neural networks. As
      opposed to many other hybrids, the HNN is normalized globally and therefore has a
      valid probabilistic interpretation. All parameters in the HNN are estimated
      simultaneously according to the discriminative conditional maximum likelihood
      criterion. The HNN can be viewed as an undirected probabilistic independence
      network (a graphical model), where the neural networks provide a compact
      representation of the clique functions. An evaluation of the HNN on the task of
      recognizing broad phoneme classes in the TIMIT database shows clear performance
      gains compared to standard HMMs tested on the same task.

PMID- 9950744
TI  - Hemopericardium in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 9950745
TI  - Administration of adenosine in sinus rhythm for diagnosis of supraventricular
      tachycardia.

PMID- 9950746
TI  - Evaluation of regional differences in right ventricular systolic function.

PMID- 9950747
TI  - Introduction: regulation of T cell development by the thymic microenvironment.

PMID- 9950748
TI  - In vitro models of T cell development.
AB  - A number of in vitro systems are currently being used to study both thymocyte
      development and thymic stromal cell function. However, the usefulness of
      dispersed culture systems is limited since they often involve disruption of
      interactions within the normal three-dimensional architecture of the thymus in
      vivo which are critical for normal development to proceed. In contrast, Fetal
      Thymus Organ Culture (FTOC) provides an experimental system where such
      interactions are maintained, thereby allowing in vitro access to key aspects of
      thymocyte development. More recently, Reaggregate Thymus Organ Cultures (RTOCs)
      have allowed detailed analysis of thymic stromal cell function, while retroviral
      transfection of thymocyte subsets under FTOC conditions provides a rapid means to
      investigate thymocyte development at the molecular level. Current use of the FTOC
      approach is summarised here, and where appropriate is compared to the use of
      dispersed culture systems.

PMID- 9950749
TI  - The human thymic microenvironment: new approaches to functional analysis.
AB  - Although immunohistological techniques have revealed molecular niches within the
      human thymic microenvironment, functional analysis is limited by the assay
      systems available. However, our recent studies using antibody phage display have
      revealed a high degree of molecular conservation between the microenvironmental
      molecules of different species. We have therefore isolated single-chain
      antibodies specific for evolutionarily conserved epitopes, shared by human and
      mouse, and used these in murine thymic functional assays. The detection of such
      shared human/rodent molecules makes it possible to functionally 'walk' from mouse
      to man, providing us with an experimental approach to functional analysis of the
      human thymus.

PMID- 9950750
TI  - Cell-fate decisions in early T cell development: regulation by cytokine receptors
      and the pre-TCR.
AB  - During lymphocyte development, cell-fate decisions are determined by a myriad of
      signals produced by the micro- environment of the thymus and the bone marrow.
      These yet to be fully defined developmental cues regulate stage-specific gene
      expression, and the extraordinarily well-characterized stages of T and B cell
      development have provided attractive model systems for studying regulation of
      cellular differentiation. In particular, studies on the contribution of both
      antigen receptors and cytokine receptors to lymphoid development have illuminated
      essential signalling pathways in early T and B cells. Here, we review
      investigations supporting an obligatory role for the IL-7 receptor pathway in
      early T cell development. IL-7 is produced by both thymus and bone marrow stromal
      cells, and its potential contribution to survival, differentiation and
      proliferation of pro-T cells is discussed. We also address the contribution of
      the pre-T cell receptor (pre-TCR) to differentiation past the pro-T cell stage,
      and recent advances in deciphering the composition and function of the pre-TCR
      complex are discussed. Finally, we suggest future directions in this field that
      may serve to reveal whether and how signals initiated by the cytokine receptors
      and pre-TCR may intersect, and to define which down-stream molecular events are
      regulated by these receptors.

PMID- 9950751
TI  - Development, organization and function of the thymic medulla in normal,
      immunodeficient or autoimmune mice.
AB  - Thymopoiesis is initiated by the colonisation of the epithelial rudiment with
      blood-borne hemopoietic precursors. Their subsequent differentiation to the
      functionally mature T cell subsets is exquisitely linked to sequential
      interaction with a diverse array of thymic epithelial cells which form discrete
      microenvironments. The development and organisation of the epithelium, however,
      is in turn controlled by thymocyte subsets. In particular the medulla
      organization depends upon activating signals provided by mature thymocytes to
      epithelial and dendritic cells. These signals are lacking in RelB-deficient mice
      leading to the disorganization of the corticomedullary junction and abnormal
      negative selection despite normal thymocyte maturation. This thymic stromal cell
      architecture phenotype is found in autoimmune diseases suggesting that
      abnormalities in the establishment of medullary microenvironments might be linked
      to the development of autoimmunity.

PMID- 9950752
TI  - Thymic microenvironments, 3-D versus 2-D?
AB  - Lympho-stromal interactions in the thymus crucially de- termine the fate of
      developing T cells. Epithelial cells, inter- digitating reticular cells,
      macrophages and fibroblasts all play a role in the shaping of the T cell
      repertoire. Recently published evidence shows that lympho-stromal interaction
      acts bi-directional. Developing T cell themselves, at different stages of
      differentiation, control the microarchitecture of thymic microenvironments, a
      phenomenon designated as 'crosstalk'. This paper reviews experiments showing that
      developing T cells crosstalk to different thymic epithelial cells in a stepwise
      fashion. In this way, correctly organized thymic microenvironments guarantee
      normal thymopoiesis.

PMID- 9950753
TI  - Using thymus anatomy to dissect T cell repertoire selection.
AB  - The thymic development of CD4(+) T cells incorporates the opposing processes of
      positive and negative selection to produce mature lymphocytes which respond to
      foreign peptides in the context of self-major histocompatibility complex class II
      molecules. Here, we present a model in which these events occur in two temporally
      and anatomically distinct steps. We propose that an initial positive selection
      step is mediated exclusively by thymic cortical epithelium. Subsequently, all
      those thymocytes which have been positively selected will interact with medullary
      epithelium and bone marrow-derived cells. Those thymocytes reacting with excess
      affinity or avidity to these antigen presenting cells will be negatively
      selected. Although acknowledging the importance of differential signalling to the
      developing thymocyte, we will emphasize the centrality of the phenotype of the
      tissues which comprise the thymus.

PMID- 9950755
TI  - Preservation of murine embryos in a state of dormancy at 4 degreesC.
AB  - With the aim of improving preservation of blood products and organs for
      transplantation, we designed solutions to induce a state of dormancy in cells and
      tissues at 4 degreesC. The solutions were devoid of combinations of ions (e.g.,
      K+, Rb+, Cs+, and NH+4 with HCO-3, H2PO-4, and Cl-) that are believed to break
      down low-density water in the entrance compartments of ion channels, resulting in
      cyclical open states (normal water) and closed states (low-density water). The
      total osmolality was always 0.29-0.3 osmol/kgH2O, made up of combinations of a di
      or trisaccharide, a compatible solute, sodium sulfate, citrate, or chloride, and
      1.75 mM CaCl2. The end point was the ability of murine embryos to progress to
      hatching in culture after preservation in such a solution at 4 degreesC. Embryos
      hatched after 5 or 6 days in some preservative solutions compared with 1-3 days
      in most saline solutions; survival was improved by pretreatment with sodium
      butyrate.

PMID- 9950754
TI  - Hypoxemia in the absence of blood loss upregulates iNOS expression and activity
      in macrophages.
AB  - Regional hypoxia, associated with hemorrhage, is thought to induce a variety of
      alterations in immune cell function, including upregulation of macrophage
      inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and activity (NO production).
      Furthermore, NO may cause immune cell dysfunction similar to that associated with
      hemorrhagic shock. However, it remains unknown whether hypoxia per se in the
      absence of any blood loss is a sufficient stimulus to cause iNOS expression and
      NO production by macrophages. To study this, male Sprague-Dawley rats (275-325 g)
      were placed in a plastic box flushed with a gas mixture containing 5% O2-95% N2
      for 60 min. Peritoneal and splenic macrophages were isolated 0-5.5 h thereafter,
      and blood samples were obtained. Nitrite and nitrate (stable degradation products
      of NO) production by splenic and peritoneal macrophages cultured for 48 h was
      significantly increased 3 and 5.5 h after hypoxemia. The increase in NO
      production by macrophages was preceded by elevated expression of iNOS mRNA at 1.5
      h after hypoxia. Additionally, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels in plasma from
      rats subjected to hypoxemia were significantly elevated soon after the insult (0
      1.5 h posthypoxemia), suggesting a causal relationship between IFN-gamma
      production and upregulation of iNOS activity. We propose that a hypoxemia-induced
      increase in macrophage iNOS activity following hemorrhage may in part be
      responsible for the observed immune dysfunction. Thus attempts to suppress
      macrophage iNOS activity after this form of trauma may be helpful in improving
      immune function under those conditions.

PMID- 9950756
TI  - Regulation of ET-1 biosynthesis in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells by
      vasoactive agents and PKC.
AB  - Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is the most potent vasoconstrictor agent known. ET-1 is
      elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid following hemorrhage and brain injury and can
      compromise cerebral microvascular homeostasis. The modulation of ET-1 production
      by cerebral microvascular endothelial cells and the mechanism by which such
      changes take place are very important in our understanding of the pathological
      roles of ET-1. In the present study, we investigated the effects of
      vasoconstrictor agents that can be released from hemolyzed blood, cAMP-dependent
      dilators, and the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the regulation of ET-1
      production by piglet cerebral microvascular endothelial cells in culture. ET-1
      was measured by RIA. 1) Cerebral microvascular endothelial cells synthesize and
      release ET-1 into the media; 2) 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), lysophosphatidic acid
      (LPA), thromboxane analog U-46619, fetal bovine serum (20%), and phorbol 12
      myristate 13-acetate significantly increase ET-1 production; 3) basal and
      vasoconstrictor agent-induced increases in ET-1 production by endothelial cells
      may be mediated via PKC; 4) cAMP-dependent vasodilators attenuate the basal
      production of ET-1 by cerebral microvessels; and 5) pretreatment of endothelial
      cells with a higher concentration of LPA, U-46619, or 5-HT counterbalances the
      cAMP-dependent dilator agent-induced reduction in basal ET-1 production.
      Therefore, by-products of hemolyzed blood can stimulate the production of ET-1 by
      a PKC-mediated mechanism. cAMP-dependent dilators can attenuate the
      vasoconstrictor agent-induced elevation in ET-1 production. These results suggest
      that cerebral microvascular homeostasis could be compromised by effects of
      interactions among vasoactive agents released during conditions injurious to the
      brain and they may further the understanding of potential contributions of
      hemolyzed blood clots to subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm.

PMID- 9950757
TI  - Endocytosis at the apical plasma membrane of pancreatic acinar cells is regulated
      by tyrosine kinases.
AB  - We have shown that endocytosis at the apical plasma membrane of pancreatic acinar
      cells is regulated by the pH of the acinar lumen and is associated with cleavage
      of GP2, a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored protein. The aim of this study
      was to determine the transduction pathway by which endocytosis is activated.
      Apical endocytosis was studied in rat pancreatic acini by prestimulation with
      cholecystokinin followed by measurement of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) uptake.
      Lanthanum, staurosporine, and forskolin had no effect on HRP uptake. Cytochalasin
      D significantly inhibited endocytosis, indicating a dependence on actin filament
      integrity. Genistein and the specific tyrphostin inhibitor B42 also inhibited HRP
      uptake, implicating tyrosine kinases in the regulation of HRP uptake. With the
      use of an Src kinase-specific substrate, Src kinase activity was temporally
      related to activation of endocytosis. The tyrosine-dependent phosphorylation of
      an 85-kDa substrate in both rat and mouse pancreatic acini correlated with Src
      kinase activation and pH-dependent regulation of HRP uptake. These results
      indicate that apical endocytosis in acinar cells is associated with tyrosine
      kinase activation and is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton.

PMID- 9950758
TI  - Oxygen modulates Na+ absorption in middle ear epithelium.
AB  - The physiology of the middle ear is primarily concerned with keeping the cavities
      air filled and fluid free to allow transmission of the sound vibrations from the
      eardrum to the inner ear. Middle ear epithelial cells are thought to play a key
      role in this process, since they actively transport Na+ and water. The PO2 of the
      middle ear cavities varies from 44 to 54 mmHg in healthy human ears but may be
      lower in the course of secretory otitis media. The effect of chronic hypoxia on
      ion transport was investigated on a middle ear cell line using the short-circuit
      current technique. Chronic hypoxia reversibly decreased the rate of Na+
      absorption across the MESV cell line. Although a decrease in cellular ATP content
      was observed, the decrease of Na+ absorption seemed related to a primary
      modulation of apical Na+ entry. As revealed by RNase protection assay, the
      decrease in the rate of apical Na+ entry strictly paralleled the decrease in the
      expression of transcripts encoding the alpha-subunit of the epithelial Na+
      channel. This effect of oxygen on Na+ absorption might account for 1) the
      presence of fluid in the middle ear in the course of secretory otitis media and
      2) the beneficial effect of the ventilation tube in treating otitis media that
      allows the PO2 to rise and restores the fluid clearance.

PMID- 9950759
TI  - Activation of mechanosensitive currents in traumatized membrane.
AB  - Mechanosensitive (MS) channels, ones whose open probability varies with membrane
      tension in patch recordings, are diverse and ubiquitous, yet many are remarkably
      insensitive to mechanical stimuli in situ. Failure to elicit mechanocurrents from
      cells with abundant MS channels suggests that, in situ, the channels are
      protected from mechanical stimuli. To establish what conditions affect MS channel
      gating, we monitored Lymnaea neuron stretch-activated K (SAK) channels in cell
      attached patches after diverse treatments. Mechanosensitivity was gauged by
      rapidity of onset and extent of channel activation during a step pressure applied
      to a "naive" patch. The following treatments enhanced mechanosensitivity: actin
      depolymerization (cytochalasin B), N-ethylmaleimide, an inhibitor of ATPases
      including myosin, elevated Ca (using A-23187), and osmotic swelling (acutely and
      after 24 h). Osmotic shrinking decreased mechanosensitivity. A unifying
      interpretation is that traumatized cortical cytoskeleton cannot prevent
      transmission of mechanical stimuli to plasma membrane channels. Mechanoprotection
      and capricious mechanosensitivity are impediments to cloning efforts with MS
      channels. We demonstrate a potpourri of endogenous MS currents from L-M(TK-)
      fibroblasts; others had reported these cells to be MS current null and hence to
      be suitable for expressing putative MS channels.

PMID- 9950760
TI  - Functional interaction of the K-Cl cotransporter (KCC1) with the Na-K-Cl
      cotransporter in HEK-293 cells.
AB  - We have studied the regulation of the K-Cl cotransporter KCC1 and its functional
      interaction with the Na-K-Cl cotransporter. K-Cl cotransporter activity was
      substantially activated in HEK-293 cells overexpressing KCC1 (KCC1-HEK) by
      hypotonic cell swelling, 50 mM external K, and pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide
      (NEM). Bumetanide inhibited 86Rb efflux in KCC1-HEK cells after cell swelling
      [inhibition constant (Ki) approximately 190 microM] and pretreatment with NEM (Ki
      approximately 60 microM). Thus regulation of KCC1 is consistent with properties
      of the red cell K-Cl cotransporter. To investigate functional interactions
      between K-Cl and Na-K-Cl cotransporters, we studied the relationship between Na-K
      Cl cotransporter activation and intracellular Cl concentration ([Cl]i). Without
      stimulation, KCC1-HEK cells had greater Na-K-Cl cotransporter activity than
      controls. Endogenous Na-K-Cl cotransporter of KCC1-HEK cells was activated <2
      fold by low-Cl hypotonic prestimulation, compared with 10-fold activation in HEK
      293 cells and >20-fold activation in cells overexpressing the Na-K-Cl
      cotransporter (NKCC1-HEK). KCC1-HEK cells had lower resting [Cl]i than HEK-293
      cells; cell volume was not different among cell lines. We found a steep
      relationship between [Cl]i and Na-K-Cl cotransport activity within the
      physiological range, supporting a primary role for [Cl]i in activation of Na-K-Cl
      cotransport and in apical-basolateral cross talk in ion-transporting epithelia.

PMID- 9950761
TI  - Estrogen modulates paracellular permeability of human endothelial cells by eNOS-
      and iNOS-related mechanisms.
AB  - Estradiol had a biphasic effect on permeability across cultures of human
      umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC): at nanomolar concentrations it
      decreased the HUVEC culture permeability, but at micromolar concentrations it
      increased the permeability. The objective of the present study was to test the
      hypothesis that the changes in permeability were mediated by nitric oxide (NO)
      related mechanisms. The results revealed dual modulation of endothelial
      paracellular permeability by estrogen. 1) An endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)-, NO
      , and cGMP-related, Ca2+-dependent decrease in permeability was activated by
      nanomolar concentrations of estradiol, resulting in enhanced Cl- influx,
      increased cell size, and increases in the resistance of the lateral intercellular
      space (RLIS) and in the resistance of the tight junctions (RTJ); these effects
      appeared to be limited by the ability of cells to generate cGMP in response to
      NO. 2) An inducible NO synthase (iNOS)- and NO-related, Ca2+-independent increase
      in permeability was activated by micromolar concentrations of estradiol,
      resulting in enhanced Cl- efflux, decreased cell size, and decreased RLIS and
      RTJ. We conclude that the net effect on transendothelial permeability across
      HUVEC depends on the relative contributions of each of these two systems to the
      total paracellular resistance.

PMID- 9950762
TI  - Colonic H-K-ATPase beta-subunit: identification in apical membranes and
      regulation by dietary K depletion.
AB  - P-type ATPases require both alpha- and beta-subunits for functional activity.
      Although an alpha-subunit for colonic apical membrane H-K-ATPase (HKcalpha) has
      been identified and studied, its beta-subunit has not been identified. We cloned
      putative beta-subunit rat colonic H-K-ATPase (HKcbeta) cDNA that encodes a 279
      amino-acid protein with a single transmembrane domain and sequence homology to
      other rat beta-subunits. Northern blot analysis demonstrates that this HKcbeta is
      expressed in several rat tissues, including distal and proximal colon, and is
      highly expressed in testis and lung. HKcbeta mRNA abundance is upregulated
      threefold compared with normal in distal colon but not proximal colon, testis, or
      lung of K-depleted rats. In contrast, Na-K-ATPase beta1 mRNA abundance is
      unaltered in distal colon of K-depleted rats. Na depletion, which also stimulates
      active K absorption in distal colon, does not increase HKcbeta mRNA abundance.
      Western blot analyses using a polyclonal antibody raised to a glutathione S
      transferase-HKcbeta fusion protein established expression of a 45-kDa HKcbeta
      protein in both apical and basolateral membranes of rat distal colon, but K
      depletion increased HKcbeta protein expression only in apical membranes. Physical
      association between HKcbeta and HKcalpha proteins was demonstrated by Western
      blot analysis performed with HKcbeta antibody on immunoprecipitate of apical
      membranes of rat distal colon and HKcalpha antibody. Tissue-specific upregulation
      of this beta-subunit mRNA in response to K depletion, localization of its
      protein, its upregulation by K depletion in apical membranes of distal colon, and
      its physical association with HKcalpha protein provide compelling evidence that
      HKcbeta is the putative beta-subunit of colonic H-K-ATPase.

PMID- 9950763
TI  - Adenosine and its nucleotides activate wild-type and R117H CFTR through an A2B
      receptor-coupled pathway.
AB  - ATP and its metabolites stimulate Cl- secretion in human epithelium in vitro and
      in vivo. The specific purinergic receptor subtypes that govern these effects have
      been difficult to separate, in part due to multiple parallel pathways for Cl-
      secretion in respiratory and intestinal epithelia. In a simplified model using
      COS-7 cells, we demonstrate acquisition of an ATP-, ADP-, AMP-, and adenosine
      (ADO)-regulated halide permeability specifically following expression of wild
      type (wt) cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This halide
      permeability is blocked by the P1 purinergic receptor antagonist 8-phenyl
      theophylline, sensitive to the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89, and associated
      with a modest, dose-dependent increase in cellular cAMP concentration. Phorbol
      esters poorly activate halide permeability compared with ADO, and ADO-stimulated
      efflux was not affected by treatment with the protein kinase C inhibitor
      bisindolylmaleimide I. The A2 ADO receptor (AR) agonists 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide
      adenosine and ADO were strong activators, whereas the A1 AR agonist R
      phenylisopropyladenosine failed to activate halide permeability. Metabolic
      conversion of ADO nucleotides by surface ecto-5'-nucleotidase to more active
      (less phosphorylated) forms contributes to anion transport activation in these
      cells. Immunoprecipitation with anti-A2B AR antibody identified a 31-kDa protein
      in both COS-7 and human bronchial epithelial cells. Together, these findings
      indicate that ADO and its nucleotides are capable of activating wtCFTR-dependent
      halide permeability through A2B AR and that this AR subtype is present in human
      bronchial epithelium. We also present data showing that this pathway can activate
      clinically significant mutant CFTR molecules such as R117H.

PMID- 9950765
TI  - Effect of progesterone on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in human myometrial
      smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Although it is well known that progesterone alters uterine contractility and
      plays an important role in maintenance of pregnancy, the biochemical mechanisms
      by which progesterone alters uterine contractility in human gestation are less
      clear. In this investigation we sought to identify progesterone-induced
      adaptations in human myometrial smooth muscle cells that may alter Ca2+ signaling
      in response to contractile agents. Cells were treated with vehicle or the
      progesterone analog medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for 5 days, and
      intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was quantified after treatment
      with oxytocin (OX) or endothelin (ET)-1. OX- and ET-1-induced increases in
      [Ca2+]i were significantly attenuated in cells pretreated with MPA in a dose
      dependent manner. Progesterone receptor antagonists prevented the attenuated Ca2+
      transients induced by MPA. ETA and ETB receptor subtypes were expressed in
      myometrial cells, and treatment with MPA resulted in significant downregulation
      of ETA and ETB receptor binding. MPA did not alter ionomycin-stimulated increases
      in [Ca2+]i and had no effect on inositol trisphosphate-dependent or -independent
      release of Ca2+ from internal Ca2+ stores. We conclude that adaptations of Ca2+
      homeostasis in myometrial cells during pregnancy may include progesterone-induced
      modification of receptor-mediated increases in [Ca2+]i.

PMID- 9950764
TI  - Phosphorylation of P-glycoprotein by PKA and PKC modulates swelling-activated Cl-
      currents.
AB  - Several proteins belonging to the ATP-binding cassette superfamily can affect ion
      channel function. These include the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance
      regulator, the sulfonylurea receptor, and the multidrug resistance protein P
      glycoprotein (MDR1). We measured whole cell swelling-activated Cl- currents
      (ICl,swell) in parental cells and cells expressing wild-type MDR1 or a
      phosphorylation-defective mutant (Ser-661, Ser-667, and Ser-671 replaced by Ala).
      Stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC) with a phorbol ester reduced the rate of
      increase in ICl,swell only in cells that express MDR1. PKC stimulation had no
      effect on steady-state ICl,swell. Stimulation of protein kinase A (PKA) with 8
      bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate reduced steady-state ICl, swell only in
      MDR1-expressing cells. PKA stimulation had no effect on the rate of ICl,swell
      activation. The effects of stimulation of PKA and PKC on ICl,swell were additive
      (i.e., decrease in the rate of activation and reduction in steady-state
      ICl,swell). The effects of PKA and PKC stimulation were absent in cells
      expressing the phosphorylation-defective mutant. In summary, it is likely that
      phosphorylation of MDR1 by PKA and by PKC alters swelling-activated Cl- channels
      by independent mechanisms and that Ser-661, Ser-667, and Ser-671 are involved in
      the responses of ICl,swell to stimulation of PKA and PKC. These results support
      the notion that MDR1 phosphorylation affects ICl,swell.

PMID- 9950766
TI  - Phenotypic abnormalities in macrophages from leptin-deficient, obese mice.
AB  - Obesity is a complex syndrome that involves defective signaling by a number of
      different factors that regulate appetite and energy homeostasis. Treatment with
      exogenous leptin reverses hyperphagia and obesity in ob/ob mice, which have a
      mutation that causes leptin deficiency, proving the importance of this factor and
      its receptors in the obesity syndrome. Cells with leptin receptors have been
      identified outside of the appetite regulatory centers in the brain. Thus leptin
      has peripheral targets. Because macrophages express signaling-competent leptin
      receptors, these cells may be altered during chronic leptin deficiency.
      Consistent with this concept, the present study identifies several phenotypic
      abnormalities in macrophages from ob/ob mice, including decreased steady-state
      levels of uncoupling protein-2 mRNA, increased mitochondrial production of
      superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, constitutive activation of CCAAT enhancer
      binding protein (C/EBP)-beta, an oxidant-sensitive transcription factor,
      increased expression of interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, two C/EBP-beta
      target genes, and increased COX-2-dependent production of PGE2. Given the
      importance of macrophages in the general regulation of inflammation and immunity,
      these alterations in macrophage function may contribute to obesity-related
      pathophysiology.

PMID- 9950767
TI  - Prolonged contraction-relaxation cycle of fast-twitch muscles in parvalbumin
      knockout mice.
AB  - The calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) occurs at high concentrations in
      fast-contracting vertebrate muscle fibers. Its putative role in facilitating the
      rapid relaxation of mammalian fast-twitch muscle fibers by acting as a temporary
      buffer for Ca2+ is still controversial. We generated knockout mice for PV (PV -/
      ) and compared the Ca2+ transients and the dynamics of contraction of their
      muscles with those from heterozygous (PV +/-) and wild-type (WT) mice. In the
      muscles of PV-deficient mice, the decay of intracellular Ca2+ concentration
      ([Ca2+]i) after 20-ms stimulation was slower compared with WT mice and led to a
      prolongation of the time required to attain peak twitch tension and to an
      extension of the half-relaxation time. The integral [Ca2+]i in muscle fibers of
      PV -/- mice was higher and consequently the force generated during a single
      twitch was approximately 40% greater than in PV +/- and WT animals. Acceleration
      of the contraction-relaxation cycle of fast-twitch muscle fibers by PV may confer
      an advantage in the performance of rapid, phasic movements.

PMID- 9950768
TI  - Cadherin function in junctional complex rearrangement and posttranslational
      control of cadherin expression.
AB  - The role of E-cadherin, a calcium-dependent adhesion protein, in organizing and
      maintaining epithelial junctions was examined in detail by expressing a fusion
      protein (GP2-Cad1) composed of the extracellular domain of a nonadherent
      glycoprotein (GP2) and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of E-cadherin.
      All studies shown were also replicated using an analogous cell line that
      expresses a mutant cadherin construct (T151) under the control of tet repressor.
      Mutant cadherin was expressed at approximately 10% of the endogenous E-cadherin
      level and had no apparent effect on tight junction function or on distributions
      of adherens junction, tight junction, or desmosomal marker proteins in
      established Madin-Darby canine kidney cell monolayers. However, GP2-Cad1
      accelerated the disassembly of epithelial junctional complexes and delayed their
      reassembly in calcium switch experiments. Inducing expression of GP2-Cad1 to
      levels approximately threefold greater than endogenous E-cadherin expression
      levels in control cells resulted in a decrease in endogenous E-cadherin levels.
      This was due in part to increased protein turnover, indicating a cellular
      mechanism for sensing and controlling E-cadherin levels. Cadherin association
      with catenins is necessary for strong cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. In
      cells expressing low levels of GP2-Cad1, protein levels and stoichiometry of the
      endogenous cadherin-catenin complex were unaffected. Thus effects of GP2-Cad1 on
      epithelial junctional complex assembly and stability were not due to competition
      with endogenous E-cadherin for catenin binding. Rather, we suggest that GP2-Cad1
      interferes with the packing of endogenous cadherin-catenin complexes into higher
      order structures in junctional complexes that results in junction
      destabilization.

PMID- 9950769
TI  - EGF induces nuclear translocation of STAT2 without tyrosine phosphorylation in
      intestinal epithelial cells.
AB  - Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are cytoplasmic
      proteins that bind to activated membrane receptors, undergo ligand-dependent
      phosphorylation on tyrosine residues, and translocate to the nucleus, where they
      induce transcription of specific genes in response to a variety of ligands,
      including cytokines and some growth factors. Using immunocytochemical and
      biochemical techniques, we investigated the localization and responses of STAT1
      and STAT2 to epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation in IEC-6 intestinal
      epithelial cells and HeLa cells. These studies provide the first description of
      STAT activation and localization in response to EGF in intestinal epithelial
      cells and some novel findings regarding the activation and localization of STATs
      in general. These include the following. First, EGF promoted the tyrosine
      phosphorylation of STAT1 in IEC-6 cells and caused its translocation to the
      nucleus. Second, in the absence of EGF stimulation both STAT1 and STAT2 were
      localized to the Golgi apparatus in IEC-6 cells. Third, EGF caused the
      translocation of STAT2 to the nucleus in both IEC-6 and HeLa cells without
      inducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT2.

PMID- 9950770
TI  - Imaging of intracellular calcium stores in single permeabilized lens cells.
AB  - Intracellular Ca2+ stores in permeabilized sheep lens cells were imaged with mag
      fura 2 to characterize their distribution and sensitivity to Ca2+-releasing
      agents. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) or cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) released
      Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores that were maintained by an ATP-dependent Ca2+
      pump. The IP3 antagonist heparin inhibited IP3- but not cADPR-mediated Ca2+
      release, whereas the cADPR antagonist 8-amino-cADPR inhibited cADPR- but not IP3
      mediated Ca2+ release, indicating that IP3 and cADPR were operating through
      separate mechanisms. A Ca2+ store sensitive to IP3, cADPR, and thapsigargin
      appeared to be distributed throughout all intracellular regions. In some cells a
      Ca2+ store insensitive to IP3, cADPR, thapsigargin, and 2,4-dinitrophenol, but
      not ionomycin, was present in a juxtanuclear region. We conclude that lens cells
      contain intracellular Ca2+ stores that are sensitive to IP3, cADPR, and
      thapsigargin, as well as a Ca2+ store that appears insensitive to all these
      agents.

PMID- 9950771
TI  - Resistance to TNF-alpha cytotoxicity can be achieved through different signaling
      pathways in rat mesangial cells.
AB  - We reported previously that Ro-318220 blocked expression of mitogen-activated
      protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF
      alpha) and subsequently caused apopotosis in mesangial cells (Y.-L. Guo, B. Kang,
      and J. R. Williamson. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 10362-10366, 1998). These data support
      our hypothesis that a TNF-alpha-inducible phosphatase may be responsible for
      preventing sustained activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and
      consequent cell death in these cells (Y.-L. Guo, K. Baysal, B. Kang, L.-J. Yang,
      and J. R. Williamson. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 4027-4034, 1998). In this study, we
      investigated the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in regulation of MKP-1
      expression in mesangial cells together with effects on viability. Although
      originally characterized as a PKC inhibitor, Ro-318220 inhibited TNF-alpha
      induced MKP-1 expression through a mechanism other than blocking the PKC pathway.
      Furthermore, inhibition of the PKC pathway neither significantly affected TNF
      alpha-induced MKP-1 expression nor made cells susceptible to toxic effect of TNF
      alpha. Thus PKC activation is not essential for cells to achieve the resistance
      to TNF-alpha cytotoxicity displayed by normal mesangial cells. However,
      activation of PKC by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) dramatically increased
      cellular resistance to the apoptotic effect of TNF-alpha. Coincidentally, PMA
      stimulated MKP-1 expression and suppressed JNK activation. Therefore, PMA-induced
      MKP-1 expression may contribute to the protective effect of PMA. These results
      provide a mechanistic explanation for previous documentation that PKC activation
      can rescue some cells from apopotosis.

PMID- 9950772
TI  - Cloning, characterization, and functional expression of a CNP receptor regulating
      CFTR in the shark rectal gland.
AB  - In the shark, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is the only cardiac natriuretic
      hormone identified and is a potent activator of Cl- secretion in the rectal
      gland, an epithelial organ of this species that contains cystic fibrosis
      transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channels. We have cloned an
      ancestral CNP receptor (NPR-B) from the shark rectal gland that has an overall
      amino acid identity to the human homologue of 67%. The shark sequence maintains
      six extracellular Cys present in other NPR-B but lacks a glycosylation site and a
      Glu residue previously considered important for CNP binding. When shark NPR-B and
      human CFTR were coexpressed in Xenopus oocytes, CNP increased the cGMP content of
      oocytes (EC50 12 nM) and activated CFTR Cl- channels (EC50 8 nM). Oocyte cGMP
      increased 36-fold (from 0.11 +/- 0.03 to 4.03 +/- 0.45 pmol/oocyte) and Cl-
      current increased 37-fold (from -34 +/- 14 to -1,226 +/- 151 nA) in the presence
      of 50 nM CNP. These findings identify the specific natriuretic peptide receptor
      responsible for Cl- secretion in the shark rectal gland and provide the first
      evidence for activation of CFTR Cl- channels by a cloned NPR-B receptor.

PMID- 9950773
TI  - Hypoxia-induced expression of complement receptor type 1 (CR1, CD35) in human
      vascular endothelial cells.
AB  - Reoxygenation of hypoxic human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)
      increases protein expression of the complement regulators CD46 and CD55. As the
      receptor for C3b is known to be present on injured bovine endothelial cells, we
      investigated whether hypoxia or inflammatory mediators induce complement receptor
      type 1 (CR1; CD35) expression on HUVECs. CR1 protein expression increased 3.7 +/-
      0. 6-fold as measured by ELISA on HUVECs following hypoxia (48 h, 1% O2).
      Colocalization of CD35 and von Willebrand factor by confocal microscopy confirmed
      that CD35 was predominantly intracellular. Lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis
      factor-alpha also significantly increased HUVEC CR1 protein expression. Western
      blot analysis of neutrophil or hypoxic HUVEC lysates revealed a 221-kDa CR1 band
      under nonreducing conditions. RT-PCR of hypoxic HUVEC mRNA revealed a single band
      that, after sequencing, was identified as CD35. In situ hybridization of hypoxic
      HUVECs, but not normoxic HUVECs or fibroblasts, demonstrated increased CD35 mRNA.
      Hypoxic HUVECs bound immune complexes and acted as a cofactor for factor I
      mediated cleavage of C3b. Thus hypoxia induces functional HUVEC CR1 expression.

PMID- 9950774
TI  - Polyamine depletion alters the relationship of F-actin, G-actin, and thymosin
      beta4 in migrating IEC-6 cells.
AB  - The cause of reduced migration ability in polyamine-deficient cells is not known,
      but their actin cytoskeleton is clearly abnormal. We depleted polyamines with
      alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) in migrating cells with or without
      stimulation by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and investigated filamentous (F-)
      actin, monomeric (G-) actin, and thymosin beta4 (Tbeta4), using immunofluorescent
      confocal microscopy, DNase assay, and immunoblot analysis. DFMO reduced F-actin
      in the cell interior, increased it in the cell cortex, redistributed G-actin, and
      increased nuclear staining of Tbeta4. However, DFMO did not affect the amount of
      Tbeta4 mRNA. EGF caused a rapid increase in the staining of F-actin in control
      cells, but DFMO prevented this response to EGF. Despite the visible changes shown
      by immunocytochemistry, statistically significant changes in the amount of either
      actin isoform or of total actin did not occur. We propose that DFMO reduces
      migration by interfering with the sequestration of G-actin by Tbeta4 and the
      association of F-actin with activated EGF receptors.

PMID- 9950775
TI  - Airway surface fluid volume and Cl content in cystic fibrosis and normal
      bronchial xenografts.
AB  - We describe the use of an in vivo human bronchial xenograft model of cystic
      fibrosis (CF) and non-CF airways to investigate pathophysiological alterations in
      airway surface fluid (ASF) volume (Vs) and Cl content. Vs was calculated based on
      the dilution of an impermeable marker, [3H]inulin, during harvesting of ASF from
      xenografts with an isosmotic Cl-free solution. These calculations demonstrated
      that Vs in CF xenographs (28 +/- 3.0 microliter/cm2; n = 17) was significantly
      less than that of non-CF xenografts (35 +/- 2. 4 microliter/cm2; n = 30). The Cl
      concentration of ASF ([Cl]s) was determined using a solid-state AgCl electrode
      and adjusted for dilution during harvesting using the impermeable [3H]inulin
      marker. Cumulative results demonstrate small but significant elevations (P <
      0.045) in [Cl]s in CF (125 +/- 4 mM; n = 27) compared with non-CF (114 +/- 4 mM;
      n = 48) xenografts. To investigate potential mechanisms by which CF airways may
      facilitate a higher level of fluid absorption yet retain slightly elevated levels
      of Cl, we sought to evaluate the capacity of CF and non-CF airways to absorb both
      22Na and 36Cl. Two consistent findings were evident from these studies. First, in
      both CF and non-CF xenografts, 22Na and 36Cl were always absorbed in an equal
      molar ratio. Second, CF xenografts hyperabsorbed ( approximately 1.5-fold higher)
      both 22Na and 36Cl compared with non-CF xenografts. These results substantiate
      previously documented findings of elevated Na absorption in CF airways and also
      suggest that the slightly elevated [Cl]s found in this study of CF xenograft
      epithelia does not occur through a mechanism of decreased apical permeability to
      Cl.

PMID- 9950777
TI  - Adenylyl cyclase P-site ligands accelerate differentiation in Ob1771
      preadipocytes.
AB  - Differentiation of Ob1771 preadipocytes to adipocytes was characterized by
      morphological changes and elevated expression of the specific marker enzyme,
      glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. A differentiation response substantially more
      complete and rapid than that obtained with insulin and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine
      was observed with established inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases: 2', 5'
      dideoxyadenosine (2',5'-dd-Ado), 9-(cyclopentyl)adenine (9-CP-Ade), and 9
      (arabinofuranosyl)adenine (9-Ara-Ade), coincident with decreased cellular cAMP
      levels. These ligands inhibit adenylyl cyclases noncompetitively, via a domain
      referred to as the P-site because of its requirement for an intact purine moiety.
      Differentiation was not induced by inosine, a nucleoside known not to act at the
      P-site, or by N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine or 1, 3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine,
      agonist and antagonist, respectively, for adenosine A1 receptors. Also
      ineffective were IBMX or forskolin, agents that can raise intracellular cAMP
      levels. Potency of the differentiation response followed the order 2',5'-dd-Ado
      (1-20 microM) > 9-CP-Ade (10-100 microM) = 9-Ara-Ade (10-100 microM) >> inosine,
      consistent with their potencies to inhibit adenylyl cyclases. The data suggest
      that inhibition of adenylyl cyclase via the P-site and the consequent reduction
      in cell cAMP levels facilitate the induction of differentiation in Ob1771 cells.
      The findings raise the question whether the known endogenous P-site ligands
      participate in the differentiation response induced by hormones.

PMID- 9950776
TI  - Intracellular H+ regulates the alpha-subunit of ENaC, the epithelial Na+ channel.
AB  - Protons regulate electrogenic sodium absorption in a variety of epithelia,
      including the cortical collecting duct, frog skin, and urinary bladder. Recently,
      three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma) coding for the epithelial sodium channel
      (ENaC) were cloned. However, it is not known whether pH regulates Na+ channels
      directly by interacting with one of the three ENaC subunits or indirectly by
      interacting with a regulatory protein. As a first step to identifying the
      molecular mechanisms of proton-mediated regulation of apical membrane Na+
      permeability in epithelia, we examined the effect of pH on the biophysical
      properties of ENaC. To this end, we expressed various combinations of alpha-,
      beta-, and gamma-subunits of ENaC in Xenopus oocytes and studied ENaC currents by
      the two-electrode voltage-clamp and patch-clamp techniques. In addition, the
      effect of pH on the alpha-ENaC subunit was examined in planar lipid bilayers. We
      report that alpha,beta,gamma-ENaC currents were regulated by changes in
      intracellular pH (pHi) but not by changes in extracellular pH (pHo).
      Acidification reduced and alkalization increased channel activity by a voltage
      independent mechanism. Moreover, a reduction of pHi reduced single-channel open
      probability, reduced single-channel open time, and increased single-channel
      closed time without altering single-channel conductance. Acidification of the
      cytoplasmic solution also inhibited alpha, beta-ENaC, alpha,gamma-ENaC, and alpha
      ENaC currents. We conclude that pHi but not pHo regulates ENaC and that the alpha
      ENaC subunit is regulated directly by pHi.

PMID- 9950778
TI  - GAIP, a Galphai-3-binding protein, is associated with Golgi-derived vesicles and
      protein trafficking.
AB  - Proteins of the regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) family bind to Galpha
      subunits to downregulate their signaling in a variety of systems. Galpha
      interacting protein (GAIP) is a mammalian RGS protein that shows high affinity
      for the activated state of Galphai-3, a protein known to regulate post-Golgi
      trafficking of secreted proteins in kidney epithelial cells. This study aimed to
      localize GAIP in epithelial cells and to investigate its potential role in the
      regulation of membrane trafficking. LLC-PK1 cells were stably transfected with a
      c-myc-tagged GAIP cDNA. In the transfected and untransfected cells, GAIP was
      found in the cytosol and on cell membranes. Immunogold labeling showed that
      membrane-bound GAIP was localized on budding vesicles around Golgi stacks. When
      an in vitro assay was used to generate vesicles from isolated rat liver and Madin
      Darby canine kidney cell Golgi membranes, GAIP was found to be concentrated in
      fractions of newly budded Golgi vesicles. Finally, the constitutive trafficking
      and secretion of sulfated proteoglycans was measured in cell lines overexpressing
      GAIP. We show evidence for GAIP regulation of secretory trafficking before the
      level of the trans-Golgi network but not in post-Golgi secretion. The location
      and functional effects of GAIP overlap only partially with those of Galphai-3 and
      suggest multiple roles for GAIP in epithelial cells.

PMID- 9950779
TI  - Glucose induces an acute increase of superoxide dismutase activity in incubated
      rat pancreatic islets.
AB  - The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase
      (GSP) in isolated rat pancreatic islets exposed to high glucose concentration for
      a short period of time (60 min) was determined. High glucose concentration (16.7
      mM) did not significantly alter catalase activity. GSP activity was increased by
      glucose at 5.6 mM, remaining elevated at higher concentrations up to 16.7 mM.
      However, the activity of SOD increased with glucose concentration, and this
      increment was closely correlated with the rate of insulin secretion (r = 0.96).
      High potassium (30 mM) did not increase SOD activity, suggesting that the
      increase in intracellular ionic calcium concentration does not stimulate this
      enzyme activity. alpha-Ketoisocaproic acid and pyruvate, which are metabolized
      through the TCA cycle, did not increase SOD activity, indicating that the
      stimulation of SOD activity might be triggered by a factor produced through
      glycolysis or the pentose phosphate pathway.

PMID- 9950780
TI  - The endocrine secretion of mammalian digestive enzymes by exocrine glands.
AB  - The exocrine pancreas and certain salivary glands of mammals secrete a variety of
      enzymes into the gastrointestinal tract, where they digest food. The same glands
      also release these enzymes into the bloodstream. This latter process has commonly
      been assumed to occur solely as the result of a pathological condition or as an
      inadvertent by-product of exocrine secretion due to the leakage of trace
      quantities of the enzymes into blood. However, a variety of evidence suggests
      that the endocrine secretion of digestive enzymes is a normal occurrence that can
      be of substantial magnitude in healthy individuals, is responsive to various
      physiological stimuli, and is distinct from exocrine secretion. Recent research
      has focused attention on this process as a promising means for the delivery of
      engineered proteins into the systemic circulation for pharmaceutical purposes. In
      this review, we survey research in this area and consider the evidence for the
      existence of an endocrine secretion of digestive enzymes, the cause of enzyme
      release into the bloodstream, its source within the tissue, and, finally, the
      physiological purposes that this secretion process might serve.

PMID- 9950781
TI  - Glycerol and nonesterified fatty acid metabolism in human muscle and adipose
      tissue in vivo.
AB  - To determine the relationship between glycerol and nonesterified fatty acid
      (NEFA) release from adipose tissue, and to test whether forearm muscle and
      abdominal adipose tissue are capable of extracting these two lipolytic products
      from the circulation, 13 male subjects were studied after an overnight fast
      during combined infusion of radiolabeled palmitate and glycerol. Blood samples
      were taken from a radial artery, a deep forearm vein, and a superficial abdominal
      vein before and during a 2-h infusion of glucose at approximately 7 mg. kg-1. min
      1. The ratio of the appearance rates of total NEFA to glycerol was approximately
      3/1 during the baseline period but decreased to 1.3/1 during glucose infusion.
      There was significant extraction of both glycerol and NEFA by forearm muscle. In
      contrast, there was no apparent uptake of glycerol by adipose tissue. Adipose
      tissue NEFA uptake was undetectable during the baseline period but became
      significant during glucose infusion. These data indicate that there is very
      little to no in situ reesterification of NEFA in adipose tissue after an
      overnight fast. During glucose infusion, there was apparently a relative increase
      in the fraction of glycerol derived from the action of lipoprotein lipase and an
      increase in reesterification in situ.

PMID- 9950782
TI  - Effects of an oral and intravenous fat load on adipose tissue and forearm lipid
      metabolism.
AB  - We have studied the fate of lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-derived fatty acids by
      measuring arteriovenous differences across subcutaneous adipose tissue and
      skeletal muscle in vivo. Six subjects were fasted overnight and were then given
      40 g of triacylglycerol either orally or as an intravenous infusion over 4 h.
      Intracellular lipolysis (hormone-sensitive lipase action; HSL) was suppressed
      after both oral and intravenous fat loads (P < 0.001). Insulin, a major regulator
      of HSL activity, showed little change after either oral or intravenous fat load,
      suggesting that suppression of HSL action occurred independently of insulin. The
      rate of action of LPL (measured as triacylglycerol extraction) increased with
      both oral and intravenous fat loads in adipose tissue (P = 0.002) and skeletal
      muscle (P = 0.001). There was increased escape of LPL-derived fatty acids into
      the circulation from adipose tissue, shown by lack of reesterification of fatty
      acids. There was no release into the circulation of LPL-derived fatty acids from
      skeletal muscle. These results suggest that insulin is not essential for HSL
      suppression or increased triacylglycerol clearance but is important in
      reesterification of fatty acids in adipose tissue but not uptake by skeletal
      muscle, thus affecting fatty acid partitioning between adipose tissue and the
      circulation, postprandial nonesterified fatty acid concentrations, and hepatic
      very low density lipoprotein secretion.

PMID- 9950783
TI  - Thermoregulatory and soporific effects of very low dose melatonin injection.
AB  - The effect of a rapid increase in circulating melatonin on body temperatures and
      sleepiness was investigated in eight young adults at 1000. Melatonin administered
      intravenously at 10- and 30-microgram doses, but not 3 microgram, resulted in
      elevated plasma and saliva levels consistent with endogenous levels measured in
      adults at night. Melatonin at 10 and 30 microgram significantly attenuated the
      daytime increase in rectal core temperature (P < 0.05 for both). The mean maximum
      rectal core temperature differences between saline and melatonin treatment were
      0.11 +/- 0.03 degreesC, 0.16 +/- 0.04 degreesC, and 0.18 +/- 0.04 degreesC after
      the 3-, 10-, and 30-microgram melatonin doses, respectively. All three doses
      significantly increased hand temperature compared with saline (P < 0. 05) within
      30 min. The mean maximum hand temperature differences were 0.72 +/- 0.12 degreesC
      (3 microgram), 0.95 +/- 0.15 degreesC (10 microgram), and 0.65 +/- 0.11 degreesC
      (30 microgram). Foot temperature and subjective sleepiness measures did not
      change at any melatonin dose. The results suggest that daytime intravenous
      injection of melatonin to achieve normal nocturnal levels in young adults may
      produce significant thermoregulatory changes without soporific effects.

PMID- 9950784
TI  - Effect of high-intensity exercise training on lactate/H+ transport capacity in
      human skeletal muscle.
AB  - The present study examined the effect of high-intensity exercise training on
      muscle sarcolemmal lactate/H+ transport and the monocarboxylate transporters
      (MCT1 and MCT4) as well as lactate and H+ release during intense exercise in
      humans. One-legged knee-extensor exercise training was performed for 8 wk, and
      biopsies were obtained from untrained and trained vastus lateralis muscle. The
      rate of lactate/H+ transport determined in sarcolemmal giant vesicles was 12%
      higher (P < 0.05) in the trained than in untrained muscle (n = 7). The content of
      MCT1 and MCT4 protein was also higher (76 and 32%, respectively; n = 4) in
      trained muscle. Release of lactate and H+ from the quadriceps muscle at the end
      of intense exhaustive knee-extensor exercise was similar in the trained and
      untrained leg, although the estimated muscle intracellular-to-interstitial
      gradients of lactate and H+ were lower (P < 0.05) in the trained than in the
      untrained muscle. The present data show that intense exercise training can
      increase lactate/H+ transport capacity in human skeletal muscle as well as
      improve the ability of the muscle to release lactate and H+ during contractions.

PMID- 9950786
TI  - Dexamethasone inhibits small intestinal growth via increased protein catabolism
      in neonatal pigs.
AB  - Our objective was to determine how dexamethasone (Dex) affects gastrointestinal
      protein metabolism and growth in neonatal pigs. Two-day-old pigs were given daily
      subcutaneous injections of either Dex (1 mg/kg body wt, n = 7) or saline
      (control, n = 6) for 7 days. In vivo protein synthesis was measured after 7 days
      with a bolus of [3H]phenylalanine. Tissue protein contents were measured in an
      initial control group of 2-day-old pigs and in control and Dex pigs after 7 days
      to estimate protein accretion and degradation. In control pigs, the protein
      accretion in the ileum was nearly sixfold greater than in the jejunum during the
      7-day period. Dex nominally altered stomach growth but completely blocked the
      accretion of protein and DNA in the jejunum and ileum, with reduced villus height
      in the ileum. Dex increased the fractional protein degradation rate in the ileum
      (28%) and decreased the absolute protein synthesis rate in the jejunum and ileum
      by 17 and 21%, respectively. Dex resulted in a 40% lower total intestinal lactase
      activity compared with controls via reductions in both specific activity and
      tissue mass, especially in the ileum. Dex significantly decreased the circulating
      concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and IGF-binding protein
      (IGFBP)-1, -2, and -3. However, the tissue abundance of the IGF-I receptor in the
      stomach and ileum was greater in Dex pigs than controls. Our results suggest that
      Dex significantly inhibits small intestinal growth via both increased degradation
      and decreased synthesis of protein. Furthermore, the inhibition of intestinal
      growth resulted in significantly decreased lactose digestive capacity.

PMID- 9950785
TI  - Proinsulin stimulates growth of small intestinal crypt-like cells acting via
      specific receptors.
AB  - The mechanisms that regulate cell turnover in the intestinal epithelium are
      incompletely understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that proinsulin, present
      in serum and pancreatic juice in picomolar concentrations, stimulates growth of
      the rat small intestinal crypt-like cell line IEC-6 under serum-free conditions.
      Proinsulin binding was assessed by competitive ligand binding studies. Proinsulin
      and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) stimulated cell proliferation up to
      threefold above controls, with half-maximal action already in the picomolar range
      and with additive effects. In early confluent cell monolayers, proinsulin bound
      with higher affinity (IC50 1.3 +/- 0.05 nM) and capacity (87,200 +/- 2,500
      receptors/cell) than IGF-I (4.0 +/- 0.6; 23,700 +/- 2,200, P < 0. 05). C-peptide
      competed with 10-fold lower affinity for binding of 125I-proinsulin but not for
      125I-IGF-I or 125I-insulin, suggesting a specific binding epitope of the
      proinsulin molecule within or close to the C-peptide region. In contrast, insulin
      showed approximately 100-fold lower binding affinity and growth-promoting potency
      than proinsulin or IGF-I. We conclude that proinsulin stimulates growth of small
      intestinal crypt cells through specific binding and may play a physiological role
      in the regulation of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation.

PMID- 9950787
TI  - Effect of short-term fasting on lipid kinetics in lean and obese women.
AB  - We evaluated whole body and regional adipose tissue lipid kinetics and
      norepinephrine (NE) spillover during brief fasting in six lean [body mass index
      (BMI) 21 +/- 1 kg/m2] and six upper-body obese (UBO; BMI 36 +/- 1 kg/m2) women.
      At 14 h of fasting, abdominal adipose tissue glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA)
      release rates were lower (P = 0.07), but whole body glycerol and FFA rates of
      appearance (Ra) were greater (P < 0.05) in obese than in lean subjects. At 22 h
      of fasting, glycerol and FFA Ra increased less in obese (19.8 +/- 7.0 and 87.1 +/
      30.3 micromol/min, respectively) than in lean (44.2 +/- 6.6 and 137.4 +/- 30.4
      micromol/min, respectively; P < 0.05) women. The percent increase in glycerol Ra
      correlated closely with the percent decline in plasma insulin in both groups (r2
      = 0.85; P < 0.05). Whole body NE spillover declined in lean (P < 0.05) but not
      obese subjects with continued fasting, whereas regional adipose tissue NE
      spillover did not change in either group. We conclude that, compared with lean
      women, in UBO women 1) basal adipose tissue lipolysis is lower, but whole body
      lipid kinetics is higher because of their greater fat mass; 2) the increase in
      lipolysis during fasting is blunted because of an attenuated decline in
      circulating insulin; and 3) downregulation of whole body sympathetic nervous
      system activity is impaired during fasting.

PMID- 9950788
TI  - Glucose production during an IVGTT by deconvolution: validation with the tracer
      to-tracee clamp technique.
AB  - Recently, a new method, based on a two-compartment minimal model and
      deconvolution [A. Caumo and C. Cobelli. Am. J. Physiol 264 (Endocrinol. Metab.
      37): E829-E841, 1993; P. Vicini, G. Sparacino, A. Caumo, and C. Cobelli. Comput.
      Meth. Prog. Biomed. 52: 147-156, 1997], has been proposed to estimate endogenous
      glucose production (EGP) from labeled intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT)
      data. Our aim here is to compare this EGP profile with that independently
      obtained with the reference method, based on the tracer-to-tracee ratio (TTR)
      clamp. An insulin-modified (0.03 U/kg body wt infused over 5 min) [6,6
      2H2]glucose-labeled IVGTT (0.33 g/kg of glucose) was performed in 10 normal
      subjects. A second tracer ([U-13C]glucose) was also infused during the test in a
      variable fashion to clamp endogenous glucose TTR. The TTR clamp was quite
      successful. As a result, the EGP profile, reconstructed from [U-13C]glucose data
      with the models of Steele and Radziuk, were almost superimposable. The
      deconvolution-obtained EGP profile, calculated from [6,6-2H2]glucose data, showed
      remarkable agreement with that obtained from the TTR clamp. Some differences
      between the two profiles were noted in the estimated basal EGP and in the initial
      modalities of EGP inhibition. A high interindividual variability was also
      observed with both methods in the resumption of EGP to baseline; variability was
      high in both the timing and the extent of resumption. In conclusion, the use of
      the two-compartment minimal model of the IVGTT and deconvolution allows the
      estimation of a profile of EGP that is in very good agreement with that
      independently obtained with a TTR clamp.

PMID- 9950789
TI  - Differential effect of amino acid infusion route on net hepatic glucose uptake in
      the dog.
AB  - Concomitant portal infusion of gluconeogenic amino acids (GNGAA) and glucose
      significantly reduces net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU), in comparison with NHGU
      during portal infusion of glucose alone. To determine whether this effect on NHGU
      is specific to the portal route of GNGAA delivery, somatostatin, intraportal
      insulin (3-fold basal) and glucagon (basal), and intraportal glucose (to increase
      the hepatic glucose load by approximately 50%) were infused for 240 min. GNGAA
      were infused peripherally into a group of dogs (PeAA), at a rate to match the
      hepatic GNGAA load in a group of dogs that were given the same GNGAA mixture
      intraportally (PoAA) at 7.6 micromol. kg-1. min-1 (9). The arterial blood glucose
      concentrations and hepatic glucose loads were the same in the two groups, but
      NHGU (-0. 9 +/- 0.2 PoAA and -2.1 +/- 0.5 mg. kg-1. min-1 in PeAA, P < 0.05) and
      net hepatic fractional extraction of glucose (2.6 +/- 0.7% in PoAA vs. 5.9 +/-
      1.4% in PeAA, P < 0.05) differed. Neither the hepatic loads nor the net hepatic
      uptakes of GNGAA were significantly different in the two groups. Net hepatic
      glycogen synthesis was approximately 2.5-fold greater in PeAA than PoAA (P <
      0.05). Intraportal, but not peripheral, amino acid infusion suppresses NHGU and
      net hepatic glycogen synthesis in response to intraportal glucose infusion.

PMID- 9950790
TI  - Control of adrenal cell proliferation by AT1 receptors in response to angiotensin
      II and low-sodium diet.
AB  - The effects of angiotensin II (ANG II), the angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor
      antagonist losartan, and low-sodium diet on rat adrenal cell proliferation were
      studied in vivo with immunocytochemistry. Both ANG II and low-sodium diet
      increased proliferation of endothelial cells of the zona glomerulosa. Losartan
      prevented ANG II-induced hyperplasia of glomerulosa cells but not the effects of
      a low-sodium diet. Glomerulosa cells after ANG II + losartan treatment appeared
      hypertrophied compared with those of controls. Proliferative effects of ANG II
      and low-sodium diet in the reticularis were blocked by losartan. No changes were
      seen in the fasciculata. Proliferation in the medulla was increased with
      losartan, was decreased by ANG II, but was unaffected by low-sodium diet. In
      conclusion, 1) cell hypertrophy and proliferation of glomerulosa cells are
      mediated by AT1 receptor-dependent and -independent processes, 2) proliferation
      of reticularis cells is controlled by AT1 receptors, and 3) reciprocal control of
      chromaffin cell proliferation by ANG II may involve indirect AT1-dependent
      processes.

PMID- 9950791
TI  - Fas regulates germ cell apoptosis in the human testis in vitro.
AB  - The Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) system has been implicated in maintaining the immune
      privileged nature of the testis. The present report concerns the role of the Fas
      FasL system in regulating germ cell apoptosis, another important function of this
      system in the human testis. Fas was localized immunohistochemically to the same
      types of germ cells that were identified as apoptotic, namely spermatocytes and
      spermatids. Strong expression of Fas was also observed in Western blot analysis
      of the human testis. Furthermore, an antagonistic antibody to the FasL blocked
      germ cell apoptosis induced in vitro by incubating segments of seminiferous
      tubules under serum- and hormone-free conditions (i.e., without survival
      factors). Thus Fas appears to mediate germ cell apoptosis. A universal caspase
      inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp (OMe) fluoromethylketone, also inhibited
      germ cell death, suggesting that Fas-associated germ cell apoptosis is mediated
      via the caspase pathway. The present results suggest an important role for the
      Fas-FasL system in the regulation of germ cell apoptosis in the human testis.

PMID- 9950792
TI  - Effects of sex steroid hormones on regional fat depots as assessed by magnetic
      resonance imaging in transsexuals.
AB  - We investigated prospectively the effect of sex steroids on regional fat depots
      and thigh muscle mass in adult transsexuals. Ethinyl estradiol in combination
      with cyproterone acetate, a progestational antiandrogen, was given to 20 male-to
      female (M-F) transsexuals, and parenteral testosterone esters were given to 17
      female-to-male (F-M) transsexuals. Before and after 12 mo of cross-sex hormone
      administration, several anthropometric measurements (weight, skinfolds, body
      circumferences, and bioimpedance) were performed, and transverse magnetic
      resonance images were obtained at the level of the abdomen, hip, and thigh to
      quantify fat depots (subcutaneous and visceral) and muscle areas. We observed
      that treatment with ethinyl estradiol in M-F transsexuals induced a significant
      increase in all subcutaneous fat depots, with a lesser but proportional and
      significant increase in the visceral fat depot and a decrease in thigh muscle
      area. Testosterone administration in F-M transsexuals markedly increased thigh
      muscle area, reduced subcutaneous fat deposition at all levels measured, but
      slightly increased the visceral fat area. We conclude that sex steroid hormones
      are important determinants of the sex-specific localization of body fat.

PMID- 9950793
TI  - Mechanisms involved in the regulation of key enzymes of cysteine metabolism in
      rat liver in vivo.
AB  - Little is known about mechanisms of regulation of cysteine dioxygenase (CDO),
      gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), and cysteine-sulfinate decarboxylase
      (CSDC) in response to diet. Enzyme activity and Western and Northern or dot blot
      analyses were conducted on liver samples from rats fed a basal low-protein diet
      or diets with graded levels of protein or methionine for 2 wk. Higher levels of
      CDO activity and CDO protein but not of CDO mRNA were observed in liver of rats
      fed methionine or protein-supplemented diets, indicating that CDO activity is
      regulated by changes in enzyme concentration. Lower concentrations of the heavy
      or catalytic subunit of GCS (GCS-HS) mRNA and protein, as well as a lower
      activity state of GCS-HS in rats fed methionine- or protein-supplemented diets,
      indicated that dietary regulation of GCS occurs by both pretranslational and
      posttranslational mechanisms. Lower CSDC activity, CSDC protein concentration,
      and CSDC mRNA concentration were found in rats fed the highest level of protein,
      and regulation appeared to involve changes in mRNA concentration. Regulation of
      key enzymes of cysteine metabolism in response to diet determines the use of
      cysteine for synthesis of its essential metabolites.

PMID- 9950794
TI  - Cholesterol balance and metabolism in mice with loss of function of Niemann-Pick
      C protein.
AB  - Type C Niemann-Pick disease is due to a mutation in Niemann-Pick C (NPC) protein,
      a putative determinant of intracellular cholesterol transport. This study
      quantifies cholesterol balance in vivo across all tissues in mice with this
      defect. Cholesterol balance in the heterozygous animal is normal, but in the
      homozygous mouse the whole animal cholesterol pool expands continuously from
      birth, reaching 5, 442 mg/kg at 7 wk. The size of this pool in each organ is
      proportional to the rate at which each tissue clears low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol. Despite this expansion, however, cholesterol synthesis is increased
      so that whole animal synthesis equals 180 mg. day-1. kg-1. Forcing additional
      cholesterol into the liver through the clathrin-coated pit pathway increases the
      hepatic cholesterol pool in control mice, all of which is esterified, while there
      is a much greater increase in this pool in mutant mice, all of which is
      unesterified. These findings are consistent with the view that there is a block
      in sterol movement from the lysosome to the sites of regulation in NPC disease
      and have important implications for understanding the function of the NPC protein
      in intracellular cholesterol metabolism, in general, and in the brain, in
      particular.

PMID- 9950795
TI  - Oxytocin increases the [Ca2+]i sensitivity of human myometrium during the falling
      phase of phasic contractions.
AB  - Oxytocin is commonly used to induce or augment labor, but its mode of action is
      uncertain. To address the issue, isometric tension and the intracellular free
      Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were simultaneously recorded from isolated strips of
      pregnant human myometrium loaded with fura 2. The changes in [Ca2+]i and tension
      during phasic contractions were indistinguishable in myometrium taken before or
      after the onset of labor, enabling samples to be pooled. Oxytocin (10 nM) had no
      effect on basal [Ca2+]i or tension, but it increased both the [Ca2+]i and the
      tension recorded during phasic contractions. Analysis of the [Ca2+]i-tension
      relationship revealed that during the falling (relaxation) phase of the
      contractile response, oxytocin increased the tension recorded at each [Ca2+]i. By
      manipulating extracellular Ca2+ during phasic contractions, it was possible to
      ensure that the [Ca2+]i signals were similar in the presence and absence of
      oxytocin, yet oxytocin still improved the [Ca2+]i-tension relationship. We
      conclude that 10 nM oxytocin increases the [Ca2+]i sensitivity of the contractile
      proteins only after a contraction has begun, possibly by causing inhibition of
      myosin light chain phosphatase.

PMID- 9950796
TI  - Muscular long-chain fatty acid content during graded exercise in humans.
AB  - We measured the content of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in biopsies obtained
      from the vastus lateralis muscle in humans at rest and after different exercise
      intensities. Nine volunteers exercised at 65% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max)
      for 40 min and at 90% of VO2 max for another 15 min on a Krogh bicycle ergometer.
      LCFA measured in muscle tissue averaged 76 +/- 5 nmol/g wet wt at rest, decreased
      significantly after exercise at 65% VO2 max to 48 +/- 4 nmol/g wet wt, and
      increased to 68 +/- 5 nmol/g wet wt (P < 0.05) after high-intensity exercise. The
      calculated myocyte LCFA content at rest amounted to 69 +/- 5 nmol/g wet wt,
      decreased by 43% (P < 0.05) after exercise at 65% of VO2 max, and subsequently
      increased by 54% after exercise at 90% of VO2 max (P < 0.05) compared with the
      values obtained at the lower workload. The blood plasma LCFA concentration during
      the low-intensity exercise (366 +/- 23 nmol/ml) was similar to the values
      obtained at rest (372 +/- 31 nmol/ml) but decreased significantly during the high
      intensity workload (249 +/- 49 nmol/ml). From these data it is proposed that 1)
      in human skeletal muscle, metabolism rather than cellular availability of LCFA
      governs the rate of LCFA utilization at rest and during exercise, and 2)
      consequently reduction in muscle LCFA oxidation during high-intensity exercise
      (e.g., 90% VO2 max) is due primarily to a decrease in mitochondrial LCFA
      oxidation rate rather than an insufficient cellular availability of LCFA.

PMID- 9950797
TI  - Plasma insulin rise precedes rise in ob mRNA expression and plasma leptin in gold
      thioglucose-obese mice.
AB  - Circulating leptin levels are strongly related to the degree of adiposity, with
      hyperleptinemia being associated with hyperinsulinemia. In the gold thioglucose
      injected mouse (GTG), hyperinsulinemia is an early abnormality in the development
      of insulin resistance and obesity. In this study, hyperinsulinemia occurred 1 wk
      post-GTG [GTG, 199 +/- 43; age-matched controls (CON), 53 +/- 5 microU/ml; P <
      0.001], with leptin levels not rising until 2 wk post-GTG (CON, 3.2 +/- 0.3; GTG,
      9.9 +/- 1.7 ng/ml; P < 0.001) in parallel with increases in the size of different
      fat pads and increased expression of ob mRNA. The ratio of serum leptin to fat
      pad weight was significantly higher in GTG mice 12 wk postinjection. Starvation
      induced reductions in serum leptin (50%), glucose (50%), and insulin (74%) were
      greater than decreases in fat pad weight (18%). Adrenalectomy decreased both
      adiposity and serum leptin within 1 wk in both CON and GTG and altered the serum
      leptin level-to-fat pad weight ratio in CON. Thus hyperinsulinemia preceded
      increased ob expression and hyperleptinemia, which occurred in parallel with
      increasing adiposity, consistent with the role of leptin as an indicator of
      energy supplies. Changes in hormonal and nutritional status may modify this
      relationship.

PMID- 9950798
TI  - Discrimination, adjusted correlation, and equivalence of imprecise tests:
      application to glucose tolerance.
AB  - Comparison studies between physiological tests are often unsatisfactory for
      assessing their ability to distinguish between subjects. We recommend a simple
      but comprehensive protocol, using duplicate testing, that compares tests using 1)
      the discriminant ratio (DR) between the underlying between- and within-subject
      SDs, 2) correlation coefficients adjusted for attenuation due to test
      imprecision, and 3) unbiased estimation of the underlying linear relationship
      between test results. The following five alternative methods for assessing
      glucose tolerance were compared: fasting plasma glucose (FPG) as a single sample
      or as the mean of three 5-min samples (FPG3); the 1- and 2-h glucose during a low
      dose intravenous glucose infusion (CIG); and the 2-h plasma glucose from a 75-g
      oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). All tests had similar DRs ranging from 2.6 to
      4.2. The adjusted correlation between FPG and CIG tests approached unity, and
      those between OGTT and other tests were approximately 0.9, showing that FPG3
      provides similar information to the OGTT. FPG concentrations of 6.0 and 7.1 were
      found equivalent to the 1985 World Health Organization OGTT thresholds for
      impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes (7.8 and 11.1 mmol/l).

PMID- 9950799
TI  - The anabolic effect of PGE2 in rat bone marrow cultures is mediated via the EP4
      receptor subtype.
AB  - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an anabolic agent in vivo that stimulates bone
      formation by recruiting osteoblasts from bone marrow precursors. To understand
      which of the known PGE2 receptors (EP1-4) is involved in this process, we tested
      the effect of PGE2 and various EP agonists and/or antagonists on osteoblastic
      differentiation in cultures of bone marrow cells by counting bone nodules and
      measuring alkaline phosphatase activity. PGE2 increased both parameters, peaking
      at 100 nM, an effect that was mimicked by forskolin and was abolished by 2',3'
      dideoxyadenosine (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor) and was thus cAMP dependent,
      pointing to the involvement of EP2 or EP4. Consistently, 17-phenyl-omega-trinor
      PGE2 (EP1 agonist) and sulprostone (EP3/EP1 agonist) lacked any anabolic
      activity. Furthermore, butaprost (EP2 agonist) was inactive, 11-deoxy-PGE1
      (EP4/EP2 agonist) was as effective as PGE2, and the PGE2 effect was abolished
      dose dependently by the selective EP4 antagonist AH-23848B, suggesting the
      involvement of EP4. We also found that PGE2 increased nodule formation and AP
      activity when added for the initial attachment period of 24 h only. Thus this
      study shows that PGE2 stimulates osteoblastic differentiation in bone marrow
      cultures, probably by activating the EP4 receptor, and that this effect may
      involve recruitment of noncommitted (nonadherent) osteogenic precursors, in
      agreement with its suggested mode of operation in vivo.

PMID- 9950800
TI  - Pre-beta-HDL stimulates placental lactogen release from human trophoblast cells.
AB  - To examine whether pre-beta-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) may be involved in
      regulation of human placental lactogen (hPL) release, pre-beta-HDL was isolated
      from term pregnancy serum, and the effect of purified pre-beta-HDL on hPL release
      from trophoblast cells was examined after 1 h of exposure. Pre-beta-HDL
      stimulated a dose-dependent increase in hPL release with half-maximal stimulation
      at a dose of 300-400 microgram/ml, which is within the normal physiological range
      during pregnancy. Analysis of pre-beta-HDL and alpha-HDL in serum from pregnant
      women at different stages of gestation (determined by Western blot analysis)
      indicated that the pre-beta-HDL-to-alpha-HDL ratio increased linearly after the
      10th week of gestation (r = 0.88, P < 0.001), reaching a maximum sixfold greater
      than that of nonpregnant women. The increase in serum pre-beta-HDL during
      pregnancy paralleled that of plasma hPL concentrations (r = 0.93, P < 0.001). Two
      dimensional electrophoresis indicated that the increase in pre-beta-HDL was due
      primarily to an increase in pre-beta1-HDL and pre-beta2-HDL, two of the three
      forms of pre-beta-HDL present in blood. These results suggest a role for pre-beta
      HDL in the regulation of hPL expression during pregnancy.

PMID- 9950801
TI  - GLUT-1 or GLUT-4 transgenes in obese mice improve glucose tolerance but do not
      prevent insulin resistance.
AB  - Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is defective in patients with type 2 diabetes.
      To determine whether transgenic glucose transporter overexpression in muscle can
      prevent diabetes induced by a high-fat, high-sugar diet, singly (GLUT-1, GLUT-4)
      and doubly (GLUT-1 and -4) transgenic mice were placed on a high-fat, high-sugar
      diet or a standard chow diet. On the high-fat, high-sugar diet, wild-type but not
      transgenic mice developed fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance (peak
      glucose of 337 +/- 19 vs. 185-209 mg/dl in the same groups on the high-fat, high
      sugar diet and 293 +/- 13 vs. 166-194 mg/dl on standard chow). Hyperinsulinemic
      clamps showed that transporter overexpression elevated insulin-stimulated glucose
      utilization on standard chow (49 +/- 4 mg. kg-1. min-1 in wild-type vs. 61 +/- 4,
      67 +/- 5, and 63 +/- 6 mg. kg-1. min-1 in GLUT-1, GLUT-4, and GLUT-1 and -4
      transgenic mice given 20 mU. kg-1. min-1 insulin, and 54 +/- 7, 85 +/- 4, and 98
      +/- 11 in wild-type, GLUT-1, and GLUT-4 mice given 60-80 mU. kg-1. min-1
      insulin). On the high-fat, high-sugar diet, wild-type and GLUT-1 mice developed
      marked insulin resistance, but GLUT-4 and GLUT-1 and -4 mice were somewhat
      protected (glucose utilization during hyperinsulinemic clamp of 28.5 +/- 3.4 vs.
      42.4 +/- 5.9, 51.2 +/- 8.1, and 55.9 +/- 4. 9 mg. kg-1. min-1 in wild type, GLUT
      1, GLUT-4, GLUT-1 and -4 mice). These data demonstrate that overexpression of
      GLUT-1 and/or GLUT-4 enhances whole body glucose utilization and prevents the
      development of fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance induced by a high
      fat, high-sugar diet. GLUT-4 overexpression improves the insulin resistance
      induced by the diet. We conclude that upregulation of glucose transporters in
      skeletal muscle may be an effective therapeutic approach to the treatment of
      human type 2 diabetes.

PMID- 9950802
TI  - Direct access to interstitial fluid in adipose tissue in humans by use of open
      flow microperfusion.
AB  - To gain direct access to the interstitial fluid (ISF), a new technique called
      open-flow microperfusion has been evaluated. This method is based on a double
      lumen catheter with macroscopic (0.3-0.5 mm diameter) perforations that is
      inserted into the subcutaneous adipose tissue and constantly perfused. Thus
      partial equilibration between the ISF and the perfusion fluid occurs. The glucose
      concentration of the ISF was determined by established (zero flow rate, no net
      flux, and recirculation procedures) and new (ionic reference and suction
      technique) calibration methods by use of open-flow microperfusion. The data show
      that 1) the glucose concentration in the ISF is significantly lower than the
      corresponding arterialized venous plasma values during basal steady-state
      conditions (adipose tissue 3.2 +/- 0.10 mM, plasma 5.27 +/- 0.12 mM) as well as
      during hyperglycemic clamp experiments (adipose tissue 7.3 +/- 0.13 mM, plasma
      9.91 +/- 0.16 mM), and 2) it is possible to determine the recovery continuously
      by using the ion concentration of the ISF as an internal standard (ionic
      reference).

PMID- 9950803
TI  - Genetic disorders of membrane transport. IV. Wilson's disease and Menkes disease.
AB  - Copper is an essential transition metal that permits the facile transfer of
      electrons in a series of critical biochemical pathways. Menkes disease and
      Wilson's disease are inherited disorders of copper metabolism resulting from the
      absence or dysfunction of homologous copper-transporting ATPases that reside in
      the trans-Golgi network of all cells. Despite striking differences in the
      clinical presentation of these two diseases, the respective ATPases function in
      precisely the same manner within the cell and the unique clinical features of
      each disease are entirely the result of the tissue-specific expression of each
      protein. Elucidation of the basic defect in these rare genetic disorders has
      provided a valuable heuristic paradigm for understanding the mechanisms of
      cellular copper homeostasis.

PMID- 9950804
TI  - Nitric oxide. I. Physiological chemistry of nitric oxide and its
      metabolites:implications in inflammation.
AB  - The role of nitric oxide (NO) in inflammation represents one of the most studied
      yet controversial subjects in physiology. A number of reports have demonstrated
      that NO possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties, whereas an equally
      impressive number of studies suggest that NO may promote inflammation-induced
      cell and tissue dysfunction. The reasons for these apparent paradoxical
      observations are not entirely clear; however, we propose that understanding the
      physiological chemistry of NO and its metabolites will provide a blueprint by
      which one may distinguish the regulatory/anti-inflammatory properties of NO from
      its deleterious/proinflammatory effects. The physiological chemistry of NO is
      complex and encompasses numerous potential reactions. In an attempt to simplify
      the understanding of this chemistry, the physiological aspects of NO chemistry
      may be categorized into direct and indirect effects. This type of classification
      allows for consideration of timing, location, and rate of production of NO and
      the relevant targets likely to be affected. Direct effects are those reactions in
      which NO interacts directly with a biological molecule or target and are thought
      to occur under normal physiological conditions when the rates of NO production
      are low. Generally, these types of reactions may serve regulatory and/or anti
      inflammatory functions. Indirect effects, on the other hand, are those reactions
      mediated by NO-derived intermediates such as reactive nitrogen oxide species
      derived from the reaction of NO with oxygen or superoxide and are produced when
      fluxes of NO are enhanced. We postulate that these types of reactions may
      predominate during times of active inflammation. Consideration of the
      physiological chemistry of NO and its metabolites will hopefully allow one to
      identify which of the many NO-dependent reactions are important in modulating the
      inflammatory response and may help in the design of new therapeutic strategies
      for the treatment of inflammatory tissue injury.

PMID- 9950805
TI  - Epithelial injury induces egr-1 and fos expression by a pathway involving protein
      kinase C and ERK.
AB  - The signaling pathways activated in response to gastrointestinal injury remain
      poorly understood. Previous work has implicated the extracellular signal
      regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase as a mediator of wound
      signal transduction and a possible regulator of epithelial restitution. Monolayer
      injury resulted in rapid activation of p42 and p44 ERK. Injury-induced ERK
      activation was blocked by protein kinase C inhibition or by disruption of the
      cell cytoskeleton. Significant increases in Fos and early growth response (Egr)-1
      mRNA levels were stimulated by injury, peaking by 20 min. ERK activation and the
      induction of Egr-1 mRNA were inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion with PD-98059.
      Fos mRNA expression was partially blocked by PD-98059. Western blot analysis
      demonstrated strong expression and nuclear localization of Fos and Egr after
      wounding. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that nuclear
      extracts contained a protein that specifically bound double-stranded
      oligonucleotides containing the Egr consensus binding element. Gel supershift
      assays demonstrated that the protein-DNA complexes were recognized by anti-Egr
      antibody. Inhibition of injury-induced ERK activation by PD-98059 or direct
      interference with Egr by expression of a dominant negative mutant led to
      significantly reduced in vitro monolayer restitution.

PMID- 9950806
TI  - Basal pressure patterns and reflexive motor responses in the human ileocolonic
      junction.
AB  - This study aimed to determine whether a sustained high-pressure zone exists at
      the human ileocolonic junction (ICJ) and whether the motor responses of ICJ are
      consistent with sphincteric function. In 10 subjects with temporary ileostomies,
      a high-pressure zone was identified using a manometric pull-through with a mean
      pressure of 9. 7 +/- 3.2 mmHg and length of 4.8 +/- 1.2 cm. Prolonged recordings
      using a sleeve sensor confirmed sustained tone in the ICJ and superimposed phasic
      pressure waves (4-8 counts/min) occupying 35% of fasted state. A meal increased
      ICJ tone (P = 0.0001) and the proportion of time occupied by phasic activity to
      50% (P = 0.013). Terminal ileal propagating pressure wave sequences inhibited ICJ
      phasic activity, and sequences not extending to the cecum reduced ICJ tone (9.0
      +/- 7.2 to 5.6 +/- 6.3 mmHg; P = 0.04). Cecal distension increased ICJ tone (8.9
      +/- 4.4 mmHg to 11.7 +/- 4.9 mmHg; P = 0.005). The ICJ response to ileal
      distension was variable and depended on resting tone at the time of distension.
      We conclude that the human ICJ has sustained tone with superimposed phasic
      activity. Tone is augmented by cecal distension or a meal and is inhibited by
      ileal propagating pressure waves. Response to ileal distension is variable but
      suggests control by descending excitatory and inhibitory pathways.

PMID- 9950807
TI  - Effects of systemic hypotension on postnatal intestinal circulation: role of
      angiotensin.
AB  - Systemic hypotension causes a greater degree of vasoconstriction in intestine
      from 3- than from 35-day-old postnatal swine. To determine the basis for this age
      dependent difference, systemic hypotension (pressure reduction to approximately
      50% of baseline) was induced by creating pericardial tamponade in postnatal swine
      instrumented to allow measurement of intestinal hemodynamics and oxygenation in
      vivo. Hypotension caused gut vascular resistance to increase 77 +/- 6% in 3-day
      old subjects but only 18 +/- 3% in 35-day-old subjects. Prior blockade of alpha1
      receptors with phentolamine, vasopressin receptors with [d(CH2)5,D-Phe2,Ile4,Ala9
      NH2]AVP, or surgical denervation of the gut loop had no effect on hypotension
      induced gut vasoconstriction. Losartan, which blocks angiotensin AT1 receptors,
      significantly attenuated hypotension-induced gut vasoconstriction in both age
      groups. BQ-610, which blocks endothelin ETA receptors, also limited the magnitude
      of vasoconstriction but only in younger subjects. This effect may have been
      consequent to an interaction between endothelin and angiotensin, inasmuch as a
      subpressor concentration of endothelin increased the contractile response to
      angiotensin in mesenteric artery rings. The substantial rise in 3-day-old gut
      vascular resistance was partly consequent to a locally mediated vasoconstriction
      that occurred in response to pressure and/or flow reduction during hypotension,
      as evidenced by the significant attenuation of this constriction when blood flow
      was held constant by controlled-flow perfusion to the gut loop during
      hypotension. Intestinal O2 uptake was compromised to a significantly greater
      degree in 3- than in 35-day-old subjects during hypotension. This difference was
      primarily due to the inability of younger intestine to increase O2 extraction in
      the face of reduced blood flow and may be mediated, in part, by an effect of
      angiotensin II on intestinal capillary perfusion.

PMID- 9950808
TI  - Regulation of apolipoprotein secretion by biliary lipids in newborn swine
      intestinal epithelial cells.
AB  - Biliary lipids, composed of bile acids, cholesterol, and phosphatidylcholine, are
      a major source of luminal lipid in the small intestine. In the present study in a
      newborn swine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-1), taurocholate and
      phosphatidylcholine were found to have no effect on apolipoprotein B (apo B)
      secretion but did significantly increase the basolateral secretion of apo A-I.
      This regulation of apo A-I secretion occurred at the pretranslational level for
      taurocholate and at the posttranslational level for phosphatidylcholine. The
      regulation of apo A-I secretion by phosphatidylcholine did not involve changes in
      apo A-I degradation and may involve mobilization of a preformed pool of apo A-I.
      Cholesterol, whether solubilized with taurocholate or phosphatidylcholine, had no
      effect on the secretion of either apo B or apo A-I. However, when taurocholate,
      phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol were combined, apo B secretion was
      decreased, and the increase in apo A-I secretion noted with taurocholate and
      phosphatidylcholine alone was ablated. Another primary bile acid,
      taurochenodeoxycholate, was found to decrease apo B secretion but had no effect
      on apo A-I secretion. However, the significance of this effect is uncertain,
      since this bile acid caused significant cellular membrane injury, as evidenced by
      increased apical medium lactate dehydrogenase activity. Phosphatidylcholine, but
      not taurocholate, dramatically increased the basolateral secretion of
      radiolabeled phospholipid with a modest increase in cellular triglyceride
      radiolabeling. Furthermore, this effect of phosphatidylcholine on lipid synthesis
      did not require significant hydrolysis or uptake of the phosphatidylcholine
      molecule. Studies using radiolabeled taurocholate did not demonstrate active
      transport of taurocholate by these cells.

PMID- 9950809
TI  - Cardiac impairment and nitric oxide synthase activity in the chronic portal vein
      stenosed rat.
AB  - Decreased cardiac contractility and beta-adrenergic responses have been observed
      in the chronic portal vein-stenosed (PVS) rat. Because nitric oxide (NO) may be
      increased in PVS and has been recognized as a negative inotropic agent, we
      investigated the induction of NO synthase (NOS2) and/or changes in constitutive
      NOS (NOS3) as factors in the cardiac dysfunction of the PVS rat. Ten to twelve
      days after portal vein stenosis or sham operation, cardiac function was evaluated
      in paced left ventricular papillary muscles (LVPM) and right ventricular strips
      (RV). To determine if NO modulation of contractile function was altered in PVS,
      we examined the increase in developed tension produced by the effect of Nomega
      nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) on the myocardial force-frequency relationship. Cardiac
      tissue NOS2 and NOS3 activities were assayed, Western blot analyses of NOS2 and
      NOS3 expression were performed, and circulating nitrate-nitrite (NOX) levels (an
      indicator of in vivo NOS activity) were assayed. Basal LVPM and RV contractile
      indexes were significantly reduced in PVS (30-50%), without a change in the
      relaxation rate. No between-group differences in the cardiac NOS2 or NOS3
      enzymatic activities of PVS and sham-operated (SO) rats were observed. Western
      blots revealed no cardiac NOS2 expression in either SO or PVS rats. In contrast,
      NOS3 was expressed in both SO and PVS rats, but there was no quantitative
      difference in expression between the two groups. Changes in the cardiac force
      frequency relationship (staircase effect) after L-NNA were consistent with NOS3
      modulation of contractile function in both SO and PVS rats, but there was no
      between-group difference in the modulation. Circulating NOX concentrations did
      not differ between SO and PVS rats. In conclusion, protein expression data,
      enzymatic assays, end-product assays, and functional data indicate that between
      group differences in NOS2 and NOS3 activity are not responsible for the cardiac
      impairment that has been observed in the chronic PVS rat.

PMID- 9950810
TI  - Role of nitric oxide in fasting gastric fundus tone and in 5-HT1 receptor
      mediated relaxation of gastric fundus.
AB  - Fasting gastric fundus tone is maintained by continuous cholinergic input. 5
      Hydroxytryptamine-1 (5-HT1) receptor activation decreases gastric fundus tone in
      humans. Whether this fundus-relaxing effect is mediated via inhibition of
      cholinergic input or via activation of a nitrergic pathway is unknown. The aim of
      the present study was to determine the effect of nitrergic inhibition on feline
      gastric fundus tone and on 5-HT1 receptor-mediated relaxation of the fundus.
      Administration of Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) alone caused a
      significant decrease of the mean baseline volume (P < 0.005), which was restored
      completely by addition of L-arginine. Sumatriptan caused a dose-dependent
      relaxation of the gastric fundus (P < 0.0005). This relaxation was inhibited by L
      NAME (P < 0.02) and was restored by prior administration of L-arginine. Buspirone
      did not cause any change in mean baseline volume, whereas the sumatriptan-induced
      relaxation was not affected by prior administration of NAN-190. Our data indicate
      that fasting fundus tone relies not only on continuous cholinergic input but also
      on continuous nitrergic input, implying that fasting fundus tone is maintained by
      the balance of a cholinergic and nitrergic drive. Furthermore, fundus relaxation
      via 5-HT1 receptor activation is mediated through activation of a nitrergic
      pathway.

PMID- 9950811
TI  - Prechylomicron transport vesicle: isolation and partial characterization.
AB  - The intestine is able to regulate its output rate of chylomicrons, the major
      intestinal triacylglycerol (TG) transport vehicle. We have proposed that a
      vesicle, transporting the developing chylomicron from the endoplasmic reticulum
      (ER) to the Golgi, is the rate-limiting step in the process of TG transit through
      the enterocyte [Am. J. Physiol. 273 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 36): G18-G30,
      1997]. We wished to isolate and characterize this vesicle. The apical portion of
      rat intestinal cells were avulsed, and the mucosa was stirred in buffer. The
      supernatant was centrifuged in two different sucrose gradients, and the top 2.5
      ml of the last gradient were collected and concentrated. Electron microscopy
      showed a 200-nm vesicle. The vesicle contained immunoidentifiable apolipoprotein
      (apo) B48 and apo A-IV but very little apo A-I, although apo A-I was present in
      the ER and Golgi. [3H]TG-loaded vesicles delivered [3H]TG to the Golgi but not
      the ER. Marker enzyme assays also indicate that the isolated fraction is
      different from the ER and Golgi fractions. We conclude that we have isolated a
      vesicle that is post-ER but pre-Golgi that vectorially transports TG to the
      Golgi.

PMID- 9950812
TI  - Normalization of atropine-induced postprandial dysrhythmias with gastric pacing.
AB  - Gastric pacing has received increasing attention recently. However, few studies
      have systematically assessed the effect of pacing on gastric dysrhythmias. The
      aims of this study were to investigate the effect of gastric pacing on gastric
      dysrhythmia and to explore whether the effect of gastric pacing was mediated via
      cholinergic nerves. Eight hound dogs implanted with three pairs of serosal
      electrodes were studied. Three study sessions were performed on each dog. The
      experiment was conducted sequentially as follows: a 30-min myoelectrical
      recording immediately after a meal, intravenous injection of atropine or saline,
      and three sequential 20-min myoelectrical recordings with or without gastric
      pacing during the second 20-min recording. The percentage of regular slow waves
      (3.5-7. 0 cycles/min) was calculated using spectral analysis. The percentage of
      the regular slow waves was progressively reduced from 96.7 +/- 1. 7% at baseline
      to 29.6 +/- 9.0 (P < 0.001), 23.1 +/- 7.1 (P < 0.001), and 27.3 +/- 4.3% (P <
      0.001), respectively, during the first, second, and third 20 min after atropine
      injection. Normalization of the gastric slow wave was achieved with gastric
      pacing 2.3 +/- 1.0 min after the initiation of pacing. The percentage of regular
      slow waves was significantly increased both during pacing (93.6 +/- 2.4 vs. 23.1
      +/- 7.1%, P < 0.002) and after pacing (70.9 +/- 6.8 vs. 27. 3 +/- 4.3%, P <
      0.003) in comparison with the session without pacing. We conclude that 1)
      atropine induces gastric myoelectric dysrhythmia in the fed state, 2) gastric
      pacing is able to normalize gastric postprandial dysrhythmia induced by atropine,
      and 3) the effect of gastric pacing is not mediated by vagal cholinergic
      mechanism.

PMID- 9950813
TI  - Slow waves in circular muscle of porcine ileum: structural and
      electrophysiological studies.
AB  - The structural and functional bases of pacemaking (slow waves) in porcine ileal
      circular muscle were studied. The myenteric plexus contained two, structurally
      distinct types of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) interconnected by gap
      junctions and connected by close contacts to muscle layers. At the deep muscular
      plexus, ICC were present, not regularly close to nerve axons or in gap junction
      contact with one another or outer circular muscle, which had many gap junctions.
      Slow waves (5.2 +/- 2 mV amplitude and 4.6 +/- 0.7 s duration) occurred at 9.9 +/
      1.1 counts/min. Tissue length and time constants were 2.00 +/- 0.3 mm and 111 +/
      37 ms, respectively. Large electrical field-induced hyperpolarizations or
      depolarizations reduced amplitudes but not frequencies or durations of slow
      waves; hyperpolarizations progressively reduced inhibitory junction potentials as
      if the K+ channel opening mediated them. In conclusion, the myenteric plexus ICC
      of pig ileum, which appears to pace the muscle layers, appears insensitive to
      voltages applied to the syncytium of circular muscle cells. Limited coupling
      between ICC and circular muscle or voltage-insensitive pacemaking activity may
      explain these findings.

PMID- 9950814
TI  - Bile duct cells: a novel in vitro model for the study of lipid metabolism and
      bile acid production.
AB  - Immortalized bile duct cells (BDC), derived from transgenic mice harboring the
      SV40 thermosensitive immortalizing mutant gene ts458, were utilized to
      investigate the role of the biliary epithelium in lipid and sterol metabolism.
      This cell model closely resembles the in vivo situation because it expresses the
      specific phenotypic marker cytokeratin 19 (CK-19), exhibits the formation of bile
      duct-like structures, and displays well-formed microvilli projected from the
      apical side to central lumen. The BDC were found to incorporate [14C]oleic acid
      (in nmol/mg protein) into triglycerides (121 +/- 6), phospholipids (PL; 59 +/-
      3), and cholesteryl ester (16 +/- 1). The medium lipid content represented 5.90
      +/- 0.16% (P < 0. 005) of the total intracellular production, indicating a
      limited lipid export capacity. Analysis of PL composition demonstrated the
      synthesis of all classes of polar lipids, with phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine accounting for 60 +/- 1 and 24 +/- 1%, respectively, of
      the total. Differences in PL distribution were apparent between cells and media.
      Substantial cholesterol synthesis was observed in BDC, as determined by the
      incorporation of [14C]acetate suggesting the presence of hydroxymethylglutaryl
      CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic
      pathway. With the use of [14C]acetate and [14C]cholesterol as precursors, both
      tauro- and glycoconjugates of bile acids were synthesized, indicating the
      presence of cholesterol 7alpha- and 26R-hydroxylases, the key enzymes involved in
      bile acid formation. The transport of bile acids was not limited, as shown by
      their marked accumulation in the medium (>6-fold of cell content). HMG-CoA
      reductase (53.0 +/- 6.7), cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (15. 5 +/- 0.5), and
      acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT; 201.7 +/- 10.2) activities (in pmol.
      min-1. mg protein-1) were present in the microsomal fractions. Our data show that
      biliary epithelial cells actively synthesize lipids and may directly contribute
      bile acids to the biliary fluid in vivo. This BDC line thus represents an
      efficient experimental tool to evaluate biliary epithelium sterol metabolism and
      to study biliary physiology.

PMID- 9950815
TI  - Gastrin induces c-fos gene transcription via multiple signaling pathways.
AB  - We previously observed that the trophic actions of gastrin (G17) on the AR42J rat
      acinar cell line are mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-induced
      c-fos gene transcription via protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent and -independent
      pathways. In this study, we further investigated the signaling pathways that
      target c-fos in response to G17. G17 led to a sixfold induction in luciferase
      activity in cells transfected with plasmids containing the -356+109 sequence of
      the murine c-fos promoter, which includes the Sis-inducible element (SIE), serum
      response element (SRE), and the Ca2+/cAMP response element (CRE) regulatory
      elements. Addition of either the selective PKC inhibitor GF-109203X or the
      MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor PD-98059 resulted in an 80%
      reduction in luciferase activity. G17 induced the transcriptional activity of
      both Elk-1 and Sap-1a, transcription factors that bind to the E26 transformation
      specific (Ets) DNA sequence of the SRE, and this effect was inhibited by both GF
      109203X and PD-98059. Point mutations in the Ets sequence led to a 4-fold
      induction of c-fos transcription stimulated by G17 and to a 1.3-fold induction in
      response to epidermal growth factor (EGF). In contrast, mutations in the CA rich
      G (CArG) sequence of the SRE prevented transcriptional activation by both G17 and
      EGF. G17 induction of the Ets mutant construct was unaffected by either GF
      109203X or PD-98059. Because activation of the SRE involves the small GTP-binding
      protein Rho A, we examined the role of Rho A in G17 induction of c-fos
      transcription. Inactivation of Rho A by either the specific inhibitor C3 or by
      expression of a dominant negative Rho A gene inhibited G17 induction of both the
      wild-type and the Ets mutant constructs by 60%. C3 also inhibited G17-stimulated
      AR42J cell proliferation. Thus G17 targets the c-fos promoter CArG sequence via
      Rho A-dependent pathways, and Rho A appears to play an important role in the
      regulation of the trophic action of G17.

PMID- 9950816
TI  - Differentiation of mouth versus gut as site of origin of odoriferous breath gases
      after garlic ingestion.
AB  - Utilizing the sulfur-containing gases of garlic as probes, we investigated the
      gut versus mouth origin of odoriferous breath gases. Five individuals ingested 6
      g of garlic, and sulfur gases in mouth, alveolar air, and urine samples were
      measured. The mouth normally contained low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide,
      methanethiol, and dimethyl sulfide. Immediately after garlic ingestion, transient
      high concentrations of methanethiol and allyl mercaptan and lesser concentrations
      of allyl methyl sulfide (AMS), allyl methyl disulfide, and allyl disulfide were
      observed. With the exception of AMS, all gases were present in far greater
      concentrations in mouth than alveolar air, indicating an oral origin. Only AMS
      was of gut origin as evidenced by similar partial pressures in mouth, alveolar
      air, and urine. After 3 h, AMS was the predominant breath sulfur gas. The unique
      derivation of AMS from the gut is attributable to the lack of gut and liver
      metabolism of this gas versus the rapid metabolism of the other gases. Breath
      odor after garlic ingestion initially originates from the mouth and subsequently
      from the gut.

PMID- 9950817
TI  - Kinetic analysis of 59Fe movement across the intestinal wall in duodenal rat
      segments ex vivo.
AB  - Duodenal segments from iron-deficient and iron-adequate rats were luminally
      perfused ex vivo with solutions containing 1, 10, 50, 100, 200 and 500 micromol
      59Fe/l. When duodenal tissue load and mucosal-to-serosal transport had reached a
      steady state, perfusion was continued without luminal 59Fe supply. Mobilization
      of 59Fe from the duodenal tissue into the serosally released absorbate followed
      first-order rate kinetics, which permitted calculation of the asymptotic maximum,
      the rate constant, and the initial mobilization rate for tissue-to-absorbate
      transfer. There was no evidence for adaptation of 59Fe tissue binding in iron
      deficient segments. 59Fe tissue-to-absorbate transfer increased in proportion to
      the mobilizable fraction of recently absorbed iron in the tissue, which is
      indicative of simple diffusion or carrier-mediated transport below saturation.
      Regulation of the mucosal uptake step appears to determine the mobilizable 59Fe
      fraction and thus the adaptation of the overall iron absorption process to the
      demand. Iron retention in the duodenal tissue and iron transfer from here into
      the body appear not to be either regulated or rate limited.

PMID- 9950819
TI  - Activation of neuronal adenosine A1 receptors suppresses secretory reflexes in
      the guinea pig colon.
AB  - The role of adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) in reflex-evoked short-circuit current
      (Isc) indicative of chloride secretion was studied in the guinea pig colon. The
      A1R antagonist 8-cyclopentyltheophylline (CPT) enhanced reflex-evoked Isc.
      Adenosine deaminase and the nucleoside transport inhibitor S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6
      thioinosine enhanced and reduced reflex-induced Isc, respectively. The A1R
      agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA) inhibited reflex-evoked Isc at
      nanomolar concentrations, and its action was antagonized by CPT. In the presence
      of either N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptophyl-5-hydroxytryptophan amide to block the 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-mediated pathway or piroxicam to block the prostaglandin
      mediated pathway, CCPA reduced the residual reflex-evoked Isc. CCPA reduced the
      response to a 5-HT pulse without affecting the tetrodotoxin-insensitive Isc
      responses to carbachol or forskolin. Immunoreactivity for A1R was detected in the
      membrane (10% of neurons) and cytoplasm (90% of neurons) of neural protein gene
      product 9.5-immunoreactive (or S-100-negative) submucosal neurons, in glia, and
      in the muscularis mucosa. A1R immunoreactivity in a majority of neurons remained
      elevated in the cytoplasm despite preincubation with adenosine deaminase or CPT.
      A1R immunoreactivity colocalized in synaptophysin-immunoreactive presynaptic
      varicose nerve terminals. The results indicate that endogenous adenosine binding
      to high-affinity A1R on submucosal neurons acts as a physiological brake to
      suppress reflex-evoked Isc indicative of chloride secretion.

PMID- 9950818
TI  - Polyamine depletion is associated with an increase in JunD/AP-1 activity in small
      intestinal crypt cells.
AB  - Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a group of dimeric transcription factors composed
      of protooncogene (Jun and Fos) subunits that bind to a common DNA site, the AP-1
      binding site. The proteins of c-Jun, JunB, and Fos are essential for initiation
      of the cell cycle. Conversely, the activation of the junD gene slows cell growth
      in some cell types. The current study tests the hypothesis that polyamines
      influence cell growth by altering the balance of positive and negative Jun/AP-1
      activities in intestinal epithelial cells. Studies were conducted in the IEC-6
      cell line derived from rat small intestinal crypt cells. Administration of alpha
      difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific inhibitor for polyamine synthesis, for
      4 and 6 days completely depleted cellular polyamine levels, while AP-1 binding
      activity was significantly increased. Spermidine, when given together with DFMO,
      restored AP-1 binding activity toward normal. The increased AP-1 complexes in
      polyamine-deficient cells were dramatically supershifted by the anti-JunD
      antibody but not by antibodies against c-Jun, JunB, or Fos proteins. There were
      significant increases in JunD mRNA and protein in DFMO-treated cells, although
      expression of the c-fos, c-jun, and junB genes decreased. The increase in JunD/AP
      1 activity in DFMO-treated cells was associated with a significant decrease in
      cell division. Exposure of control quiescent cells to 5% dialyzed serum increased
      c-Jun/AP-1 but not JunD/AP-1 activities. DFMO prevented the stimulation of c
      Jun/AP-1 activity induced by 5% dialyzed serum. These results indicate that 1)
      polyamine depletion is associated with an increase in AP-1 binding activity and
      2) the increase in AP-1 activity in the DFMO-treated cells was primarily
      contributed by an increase in the JunD/AP-1. These findings suggest that
      polyamines regulate cell growth at least partially by modulating the balance of
      positive and negative Jun/AP-1 activities in the intestinal mucosa.

PMID- 9950820
TI  - Role of actin in EGF-induced alterations in enterocyte SGLT1 expression.
AB  - Na+-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) expression and the role of actin in epidermal
      growth factor (EGF)-induced alterations in glucose transport and brush-border
      surface area were examined in New Zealand White rabbit jejunal loops. In separate
      experiments, EGF or EGF concurrent with cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin
      polymerization, was administered to the experimental loop and compared with its
      vehicle control. SGLT1 expression was measured by Western blot in brush-border
      membrane vesicles (BBMV) after 5-min and 1-h exposure. Glucose kinetics were
      determined by a rapid filtration technique, and brush-border surface area was
      examined by electron microscopy after 1-h exposure. The effect of cytochalasin D
      alone on BBMV glucose kinetics and brush-border surface area was also assessed.
      EGF resulted in a significant increase in BBMV SGLT1 expression (P < 0.05),
      glucose maximal uptake (Vmax; P < 0.001), and absorptive brush-border surface
      area (P < 0.001). These effects were abolished with concurrent cytochalasin D
      treatment. Cytochalasin D alone had no effect on glucose transport or brush
      border surface area. The findings suggest that EGF acutely upregulates jejunal
      brush-border surface area and the Vmax for jejunal glucose uptake via the
      recruitment and insertion of SGLT1 from an internal pool into the brush border by
      a mechanism that is dependent on actin polymerization.

PMID- 9950821
TI  - Expression of multiple Na+/H+ exchanger isoforms in rat parotid acinar and ductal
      cells.
AB  - Several members of the Na+/H+ exchanger gene family (NHE1, NHE2, NHE3, and NHE4)
      with unique functional properties have been cloned from rat epithelial tissues.
      The present study examined the molecular and pharmacological properties of Na+/H+
      exchange in rat parotid salivary gland cells. In acinar cells superfused with a
      physiological salt solution (145 mM Na+), Na+/H+ exchanger activity was inhibited
      by low concentrations of the amiloride derivative ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA;
      IC50 = 0.014 +/- 0.005 microM), suggesting the expression of amiloride-sensitive
      isoforms NHE1 and/or NHE2. Semiquantitative RT-PCR confirmed that NHE1
      transcripts are most abundant in this cell type. In contrast, the intermediate
      sensitivity of ductal cells to EIPA indicated that inhibitor-sensitive and 
      resistant Na+/H+ exchanger isoforms are coexpressed. Ductal cells were about one
      order of magnitude more resistant to EIPA (IC50 = 0.754 +/- 0.104 microM) than
      cell lines expressing NHE1 or NHE2 (IC50 = 0.076 +/- 0.013 or 0.055 +/- 0.015
      microM, respectively). Conversely, ductal cells were nearly one order of
      magnitude more sensitive to EIPA than a cell line expressing the NHE3 isoform
      (IC50 = 6.25 +/- 1.89 microM). Semiquantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that both
      NHE1 and NHE3 transcripts are expressed in ducts. NHE1 was immunolocalized to the
      basolateral membranes of acinar and ductal cells, whereas NHE3 was exclusively
      seen in the apical membrane of ductal cells. Immunoblotting, immunolocalization,
      and semiquantitative RT-PCR experiments failed to detect NHE2 expression in
      either cell type. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NHE1 is the
      dominant functional Na+/H+ exchanger in the plasma membrane of rat parotid acinar
      cells, whereas NHE1 and NHE3 act in concert to regulate the intracellular pH of
      ductal cells.

PMID- 9950822
TI  - Role of endotoxin in intestinal reperfusion-induced expression of E-selectin.
AB  - Products of enteric bacteria, including endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)],
      have been implicated in the acute inflammatory responses elicited by ischemia and
      reperfusion (I/R) of the small intestine. The objective of this study was to
      assess the contribution of LPS to the increased E-selectin expression observed in
      the intestinal vasculature after I/R. The dual radiolabeled monoclonal antibody
      technique was used in LPS-sensitive (C3HeB/FeJ) and LPS-insensitive (C3H/HeJ)
      mice that were exposed to either exogenous LPS or to gut I/R (45 min ischemia, 5
      h reperfusion). LPS elicited a dose-dependent (0.5-50 microgram LPS/animal)
      increase in E-selectin expression (at 3 h) in LPS-sensitive mice, whereas LPS
      insensitive mice were largely unresponsive. E-selectin expression was increased
      fivefold by I/R in the small bowel of both LPS-sensitive and -insensitive mice.
      These results indicate that, although exogenous LPS is capable of eliciting
      profound dose-dependent increases in E-selectin expression, endogenous LPS does
      not contribute significantly to I/R-induced expression of this endothelial cell
      adhesion molecule.

PMID- 9950823
TI  - Participation of reactive oxygen metabolites in Clostridium difficile toxin A
      induced enteritis in rats.
AB  - Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) contribute to the pathophysiology of
      intestinal inflammation. Our aim was to ascertain the involvement of ROMs in
      experimental ileitis in rats produced by toxin A of Clostridium difficile.
      Intraluminal toxin A caused a significant increase in hydroxyl radical and
      hydrogen peroxide production by ileal microsomes starting 1 h following toxin
      exposure and peaking at 2-3 h, and this was inhibited by pretreatment with DMSO,
      a ROM scavenger, or superoxide dismutase (SOD), which inactivates ROMs. In
      contrast, mucosal xanthine oxidase increased only slightly after toxin A
      exposure, and allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, had no effect on
      toxin A-associated intestinal responses. Induction of neutropenia resulted in
      reduction of toxin-mediated free radical formation, fluid secretion, and
      permeability. The enterotoxic effects of C. difficile toxin A were associated
      with increased ROM release in ileal tissues, and the ROM inhibitors DMSO and SOD
      inhibited these effects. This suggests that ROMs released during toxin A
      enteritis are released primarily from neutrophils invading the inflamed bowel
      segment.

PMID- 9950824
TI  - Electrogenic Na+ transport in rat late distal colon by natural and synthetic
      glucocorticosteroids.
AB  - The potency of in vitro-added corticosteroids to stimulate electrogenic Na+
      absorption (JNa, the Na+ absorptive short-circuit current blockable by 10(-4) M
      amiloride) was determined in rat late distal colon. JNa was determined 8 h after
      steroid addition from the drop in short-circuit current caused by 10(-4) M
      amiloride. The concentration dependency of JNa was obtained for seven
      corticosteroids and compared with that established for aldosterone. Apparent
      mineralocorticoid potencies as determined from apparent Michaelis-Menten constant
      (Km) values were as follows: aldosterone 1. 2 nM >> RU-28362 20 nM =
      deoxycorticosterone 20 nM > deoxycortisol 36 nM >/= dexamethasone 37 nM >>
      corticosterone 170 nM > cortisol 210 nM. These steroids exhibited Vmax values of
      9-13 micromol. h-1. cm-2 and similar concentration dependencies. Hill
      coefficients were between 1.6 and 2.1, suggesting cooperative effects between
      activated receptors. We conclude that corticosteroids exhibit graded
      mineralocorticoid potency instead of a sharp partition into exclusive groups of
      mineralocorticoid and nonmineralocorticoid hormones. The low apparent Km value of
      RU-28362 for mineralocorticoid action and the need for high concentrations of the
      mineralocorticoid antagonist mespirenone to block this response indicated that
      JNa in a native mammalian epithelium can be mediated by the glucocorticoid
      receptor. Glucocorticoid receptor-specific amounts of RU-28362 in combination
      with mineralocorticoid receptor-specific amounts of aldosterone or of the
      mineralocorticoid antagonist spironolactone showed cooperative action, suggesting
      a heterodimeric activation of JNa by the glucocorticoid receptor and
      mineralocorticoid receptor.

PMID- 9950825
TI  - Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of RasN17 inhibits specific CCK actions on
      pancreatic acinar cells.
AB  - CCK stimulates pleiotrophic responses in pancreatic acinar cells; however, the
      intracellular signaling pathways involved are not well understood. To evaluate
      the role of the ras gene product in CCK actions, a strategy involving in vitro
      adenoviral-mediated gene delivery of a dominant-negative mutant Ras (RasN17) was
      utilized. Isolated acini were infected with various titers of either a control
      adenovirus or an adenoviral construct expressing RasN17 for 24 h before being
      treated with CCK. Titer-dependent expression of RasN17 in the acini was confirmed
      by Western blotting. Infection with control adenovirus [10(6)-10(9) plaque
      forming units/mg acinar protein (multiplicity of infection of approximately 1
      1,000)] had no effect on CCK stimulation of acinar cell amylase release,
      extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) or c-Jun kinase (JNK) kinases, or DNA
      synthesis. In contrast, infection with adenovirus bearing rasN17 increased basal
      amylase release, inhibited CCK-mediated JNK activation, had no effect on CCK
      activation of ERK, and inhibited DNA synthesis. These data demonstrate important
      roles for Ras in specific actions of CCK on pancreatic acinar function.

PMID- 9950826
TI  - Mechanisms of basolateral Na+ transport in rabbit esophageal epithelial cells.
AB  - We examined the mechanisms of cellular Na+ transport, both Cl- dependent and Cl-
      independent, in the mammalian esophageal epithelium. Rabbit esophageal epithelium
      was dissected from its muscular layers and mounted in a modified Ussing chamber
      for impalement with ion-selective microelectrodes. In bicarbonate Ringer,
      transepithelial potential difference was -14.9 +/- 0.9 mV, the transepithelial
      resistance (RTE) was 1,879 +/- 142 Omega. cm2, the basolateral membrane potential
      difference (VmBL) was -53 +/- 1.5 mV, and the intracellular activity of Na+
      (aNai) was 24.6 +/- 2.1 mM. Removal of Na+ and Cl- from the serosal and luminal
      baths decreased aNai to 6.6 +/- 0.6 mM. Readdition of Na+ to the serosal bath in
      the absence of Cl- increased aNai by 21.8 +/- 3.0 mM, whereas VmBL and RTE
      remained unchanged. When serosal Na+ was readded in the presence of amiloride the
      increase in aNai and the rate of Na+ entry were decreased by approximately 50%. 5
      (N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride mimicked the effect of amiloride, whereas phenamil
      did not. Subsequent readdition of Cl- to the serosal bath further increased aNai
      by 4.4 +/- 1.9 mM. When the cells were acid loaded by pretreatment with NH+4 in
      nominally HCO-3-free Ringer, intracellular pH measurements showed a pHi recovery
      that is dependent on the presence of Na+ in the serosal bath and that can be
      blocked by amiloride. These data indicate that esophageal epithelial cells
      possess a Na+-dependent, amiloride-sensitive electroneutral mechanism for Na+
      entry consistent with the presence of a basolateral Na+/H+ exchanger. The ability
      of Cl- to further enhance Na+ entry supports the existence of at least one
      additional Cl--dependent component of basolateral Na+ entry.

PMID- 9950827
TI  - Voltage sensitivity of slow wave frequency in isolated circular muscle strips
      from guinea pig gastric antrum.
AB  - In circular muscle preparations isolated from the guinea pig gastric antrum,
      regular spontaneous electrical activity (slow waves) was recorded. Under normal
      conditions (6 mM K+), the frequency and shape of the slow waves were similar to
      those observed in ordinary stomach smooth muscle preparations. When the resting
      membrane potential was hyperpolarized and depolarized by changing the
      extracellular K+ concentration (2-18 mM), the frequency of slow waves decreased
      and increased, respectively. Application of cromakalim hyperpolarized the cell
      membrane and reduced the frequency of slow waves in a dose-dependent manner.
      Cromakalim (3 microM) hyperpolarized the membrane, and slow waves ceased in most
      preparations. In the presence of cromakalim, subsequent increases in the
      extracellular K+ concentration restored the frequency of slow waves accompanied
      by depolarization. Also, glibenclamide completely antagonized this effect of
      cromakalim. In smooth muscle strips containing both circular and longitudinal
      muscle layers, such changes in the slow wave frequency were not observed. It was
      concluded that the maneuver of isolating circular smooth muscle altered the
      voltage dependence of the slow wave frequency.

PMID- 9950828
TI  - Analysis of fast synaptic pathways in myenteric plexus of guinea pig ileum.
AB  - Most fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) recorded from guinea pig
      ileum myenteric plexus are mediated by acetylcholine acting at nicotinic
      receptors and ATP acting at P2X receptors. These studies examine length and
      polarity of projection of neurons releasing mediators of fEPSPs. Under ketamine
      xylazine anesthesia, animals were sham treated or myenteric pathways were
      interrupted. After severed axons degenerated, fEPSPs were recorded at the
      operated site using conventional, intracellular electrophysiological methods and
      were classified as nicotinic or mixed on the basis of sensitivity to
      hexamethonium. Cholinergic and noncholinergic fEPSPs were recorded from small,
      operated segments, suggesting that some neurons have projections between adjacent
      ganglia. The mean amplitudes of nicotinic and mixed fEPSPs were reduced after
      circumferential and descending pathways degenerated. The proportion of nicotinic
      vs. mixed fEPSPs recorded from tissues lacking descending projections was greater
      than that recorded from sham-treated tissues, suggesting that fibers releasing
      noncholinergic mediators project aborally. Descending projections communicate
      with neurons in ganglia at least three rows aboral to their origin. The data
      suggest that fast noncholinergic neurotransmission could contribute to
      hexamethonium-resistant descending inhibition during the peristaltic reflex.

PMID- 9950829
TI  - Differential regulation of NHE isoforms by sodium depletion in proximal and
      distal segments of rat colon.
AB  - Dietary sodium depletion has multiple diverse effects on ion transport in the rat
      colon, including both the induction and inhibition of electroneutral NaCl
      absorption in proximal and distal colon of rat, respectively. To establish the
      mechanism of the differential regulation of Na+ absorption by sodium depletion,
      this study utilized 1) HOE-694, a dose-dependent inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchanger
      (NHE) isoforms, in studies of proton gradient-driven 22Na uptake (i.e., Na+/H+
      exchange) by apical membrane vesicles (AMV); 2) Northern blot analyses of NHE
      isoform-specific mRNA abundance; and 3) Western blot analyses of NHE isoform
      specific protein expression. HOE-694 inhibition studies establish that 25 microM
      HOE-694-sensitive (NHE2) and 25 microM HOE-694-insensitive (NHE3) Na+/H+ exchange
      activities are present in AMV of both proximal and distal colon of normal rats.
      In proximal colon, dietary sodium depletion enhanced both NHE2 and NHE3 isoform
      specific Na+/H+ exchange activities, protein expression, and mRNA abundance. In
      contrast, in distal colon both NHE2 and NHE3 isoform-specific Na+/H+ exchange
      activities, protein expression, and mRNA abundance were inhibited by sodium
      depletion. NHE1 isoform-specific mRNA abundance in proximal or distal colon was
      not altered by sodium depletion. Differential effects by sodium depletion on
      Na+/H+ exchange in rat colon are tissue specific and isoform specific; sodium
      depletion both induces and inhibits apical Na+/H+ exchange at a pretranslational
      level.

PMID- 9950830
TI  - Intestinal fat-induced inhibition of meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion
      depends on CCK but not peptide YY.
AB  - Fat in small intestine decreases meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and slows
      gastric emptying. CCK is a mediator of this inhibitory effect (an
      enterogastrone). Because intravenously administered peptide YY (PYY) inhibits
      acid secretion, endogenous PYY released by fat may also be an enterogastrone.
      Four dogs were equipped with gastric, duodenal, and midgut fistulas. PYY antibody
      (anti-PYY) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg or CCK-A receptor antagonist (devazepide) at a
      dose of 0.1 mg/kg was administered alone or in combination 10 min before the
      proximal half of the gut was perfused with 60 mM oleate or buffer. Acid secretion
      and gastric emptying were measured. We found that 1) peptone-induced gastric acid
      secretion was inhibited by intestinal fat (P < 0.0001), 2) inhibition of acid
      secretion by intestinal fat was reversed by CCK-A receptor antagonist (P <
      0.0001) but not by anti-PYY, and 3) slowing of gastric emptying by fat was
      reversed by CCK-A antagonist (P < 0. 05) but not by anti-PYY. We concluded that
      inhibition of peptone meal-induced gastric acid secretion and slowing of gastric
      emptying by intestinal fat depended on CCK but not on circulating PYY.

PMID- 9950831
TI  - Characterization of the mechanisms involved in the gender differences in hepatic
      taurocholate uptake.
AB  - Gender differences in the hepatic transport of organic anions is well
      established. Although uptake of many organic anions is greater in females, sodium
      dependent taurocholate uptake is greater in hepatocytes from male rats. We
      examined the hypothesis that endogenous estrogens alter the number of sinusoidal
      bile acid transporters and/or decrease membrane lipid fluidity. The initial
      sodium-dependent uptake of [3H]taurocholate was 75% greater in hepatocytes from
      males than from either intact or oophorectomized females rats. Taurocholate
      maximal uptake was increased twofold (P < 0.03) without a significant change in
      the Michaelis-Menten constant. Sinusoidal membrane fractions were isolated from
      male and female rat livers with equal specific activities and enrichments of Na+
      K+-ATPase. Males had a significant (P < 0.05) increase in cholesterol esters and
      phosphatidylethanolamine-to-phosphatidylcholine ratio. Fluorescence polarization
      indicated decreased lipid fluidity in females. In females, expression of the
      sodium-dependent taurocholate peptide (Ntcp) and mRNA were selectively decreased
      to 46 +/- 9 and 54 +/- 4% (P < 0.01), respectively, and the organic anion
      transporter peptide (Oatp) and Na+-K+-ATPase alpha-subunit were not significantly
      different. Nuclear run-on analysis indicated a 47% (P < 0.05) decrease in Ntcp
      transcription, without a significant change in Oatp. In conclusion, these studies
      demonstrated that decreased sodium-dependent bile salt uptake in female
      hepatocytes was due to decreased membrane lipid fluidity and a selective decrease
      in Ntcp.

PMID- 9950832
TI  - Adenosine A1 receptor-mediated antiadrenergic effects are modulated by A2a
      receptor activation in rat heart.
AB  - Presently, the physiological significance of myocardial adenosine A2a receptor
      stimulation is unclear. In this study, the influence of adenosine A2a receptor
      activation on A1 receptor-mediated antiadrenergic actions was studied using
      constant-flow perfused rat hearts and isolated rat ventricular myocytes. In
      isolated perfused hearts, the selective A2a receptor antagonists 8-(3
      chlorostyryl)caffeine (CSC) and 4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2, 4]triazolo[2,3
      a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl)phenol (ZM-241385) potentiated adenosine
      mediated decreases in isoproterenol (Iso; 10(-8) M)-elicited contractile
      responses (+dP/dtmax) in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of ZM-241385 on
      adenosine-induced antiadrenergic actions was abolished by the selective A1
      receptor antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (10(-7) M), but not the
      selective A3 receptor antagonist 3-ethyl-5-benzyl-2-methyl-4-phenylethynyl-6
      phenyl-1, 4-(+/-)-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (MRS-1191, 10(-7) M). The A2a
      receptor agonist carboxyethylphenethyl-aminoethyl-carboxyamido-adenosine (CGS
      21680) at 10(-5) M attenuated the antiadrenergic effect of the selective A1
      receptor agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), whereas CSC did not
      influence the antiadrenergic action of this agonist. In isolated ventricular
      myocytes, CSC potentiated the inhibitory action of adenosine on Iso (2 x 10(-7)
      M)-elicited increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) transients
      but did not influence Iso-induced changes in [Ca2+]i transients in the absence of
      exogenous adenosine. These results indicate that adenosine A2a receptor
      antagonists enhance A1-receptor-induced antiadrenergic responses and that A2a
      receptor agonists attenuate (albeit to a modest degree) the antiadrenergic
      actions of A1 receptor activation. In conclusion, the data in this study support
      the notion that an important physiological role of A2a receptors in the normal
      mammalian myocardium is to reduce A1 receptor-mediated antiadrenergic actions.

PMID- 9950834
TI  - Vasoconstrictor effect of endothelin-1 in human skin: role of ETA and ETB
      receptors.
AB  - The aim of this project was to investigate the role of ETA and ETB receptors in
      the mediation of endothelin (ET)-1-induced vasoconstriction in human skin. This
      information should provide important insights into the design of pharmacological
      intervention against skin vasospasm induced by ET-1 in peripheral vascular
      disease or surgical trauma. Vasoconstriction in response to intra-arterial drug
      infusion in isolated perfused human skin flaps (8 x 18 cm) derived from
      dermolipectomy specimens was assessed by studying changes in skin perfusion and
      perfusion pressure under constant flow rate in each drug treatment (n = 4). It
      was observed that ET-1 (10(-10) to 10(-8) M) and norepinephrine (NE, 10(-8) to
      10(-5) M) caused skin vasoconstriction in a concentration-dependent manner, with
      the vasoconstrictor potency of ET-1 approximately 200-fold higher than NE. The
      ETA-receptor antagonist BQ-123 but not the ETB-receptor antagonist BQ-788 blocked
      the vasoconstrictor effect of ET-1. This observation was confirmed by studying
      skin perfusion using the dermofluorometry technique. In addition, ETB-receptor
      agonists BQ-3020 and sarafotoxin S6c (10(-9) to 10(-6) M) did not evoke skin
      vasoconstriction. BQ-3020 also did not elicit skin vasoconstriction even in the
      presence of 10(-5) M of Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and indomethacin.
      Furthermore, results from saturable and competitive ET-1 radioligand membrane
      receptor binding assays revealed that high-affinity and capacity binding sites
      are predominantly the ETA receptor subtype in endothelium-denuded skin arteries
      and veins of 0.5-1.5 mm diameter, with an ETA-to-ETB receptor ratio of 83:17 in
      arteries (n = 5) and 78:22 in veins (n = 7). Results from the present functional
      and radioligand receptor binding studies clearly indicate that ET-1 is a very
      potent vasoconstrictor in human skin and its vasoconstrictor effect is primarily
      mediated by ETA receptors, with no significant participation from ETB receptors.

PMID- 9950833
TI  - Hypertrophic response to hemodynamic overload: role of load vs. renin-angiotensin
      system activation.
AB  - Myocardial hypertrophy is one of the basic mechanisms by which the heart
      compensates for hemodynamic overload. The mechanisms by which hemodynamic
      overload is transduced by the cardiac muscle cell and translated into cardiac
      hypertrophy are not completely understood. Candidates include activation of the
      renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and angiotensin II receptor (AT1) stimulation. In
      this study, we tested the hypothesis that load, independent of the RAS, is
      sufficient to stimulate cardiac growth. Four groups of cats were studied: 14
      normal controls, 20 pulmonary artery-banded (PAB) cats, 7 PAB cats in whom the
      AT1 was concomitantly and continuously blocked with losartan, and 8 PAB cats in
      whom the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was concomitantly and continuously
      blocked with captopril. Losartan cats had at least a one-log order increase in
      the ED50 of the blood pressure response to angiotensin II infusion. Right
      ventricular (RV) hypertrophy was assessed using the RV mass-to-body weight ratio
      and ventricular cardiocyte size. RV hemodynamic overload was assessed by
      measuring RV systolic and diastolic pressures. Neither the extent of RV pressure
      overload nor RV hypertrophy that resulted from PAB was affected by AT1 blockade
      with losartan or ACE inhibition with captopril. RV systolic pressure was
      increased from 21 +/- 3 mmHg in normals to 68 +/- 4 mmHg in PAB, 65 +/- 5 mmHg in
      PAB plus losartan and 62 +/- 3 mmHg in PAB plus captopril. RV-to-body weight
      ratio increased from 0.52 +/- 0.04 g/kg in normals to 1.11 +/- 0.06 g/kg in PAB,
      1.06 +/- 0.06 g/kg in PAB plus losartan and 1.06 +/- 0.06 g/kg in PAB plus
      captopril. Thus 1) pharmacological modulation of the RAS with losartan and
      captopril did not change the extent of the hemodynamic overload or the
      hypertrophic response induced by PAB; 2) neither RAS activation nor angiotensin
      II receptor stimulation is an obligatory and necessary component of the signaling
      pathway that acts as an intermediary coupling load to the hypertrophic response;
      and 3) load, independent of the RAS, is capable of stimulating cardiac growth.

PMID- 9950835
TI  - An adenosine agonist and preconditioning shift the distribution of myocardial
      blood flow in conscious pigs.
AB  - The goal of this study was to determine whether the cardioprotective effects of
      an A1-receptor agonist and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) involve a shift in the
      pre-coronary artery occlusion (CAO) spatial distribution of myocardial blood
      flow, which might shed light on the mechanism of IPC and explain its
      heterogeneous effects. Accordingly, 60 min of CAO followed by 72 h of coronary
      artery reperfusion (CAR) was examined in three groups of conscious pigs 10-14
      days after instrumentation with aortic and left atrial catheters and coronary
      artery occluders. Myocardial infarct size, expressed as a fraction of the area at
      risk (AAR), was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) by infusion of the A1 agonist
      (27.1 +/- 6.6%) and to a greater extent (P < 0.05) by IPC (11.6 +/- 5.1%)
      compared with infarct size in vehicle-treated animals (55.1 +/- 2.9%). Transmural
      myocardial blood flow (radioactive microspheres) in the AAR shifted toward lower
      levels after infusion of the A1 agonist (1.27 +/- 0.19 vs. 0.74 +/- 0.10 ml. min
      1. g-1) or IPC (1.27 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.96 +/- 0.09 ml. min-1. g-1) but not after
      infusion of the vehicle (1.20 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.23 +/- 0.09 ml. min-1. g-1). This
      study demonstrated that both pretreatment with an adenosine A1 agonist and also
      IPC altered the spatial distribution of pre-CAO myocardial blood flow, which
      might reflect a downregulation of metabolic state and thus play a role in the
      cardioprotective effects of IPC.

PMID- 9950836
TI  - Metabolism of cAMP to adenosine: role in vasodilation of rat pial artery in
      response to hypotension.
AB  - The purpose of this experiment was to examine whether the cAMP-adenosine pathway
      is implicated in the autoregulatory vasodilation in response to hypotension.
      Suffusion with cAMP (1-100 micromol/l) or adenosine (0.01-10 micromol/l) caused a
      sustained vasodilation of the resting pial arteries in a concentration-dependent
      manner. In contrast, N6,2'-O-dibutyryl-cAMP and 8-bromo-cAMP exerted a weak
      dilation at high concentration (100 micromol/l). The vasodilation to cAMP (1-100
      micromol/l), adenosine (0.01-10 micromol/l), and hypotension was significantly
      reduced by pretreatment with 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (1 micromol/l), an
      A2 receptor antagonist, as well as 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (3 micromol/l), an
      inhibitor of endo- and ectophosphodiesterase, 1, 3-dipropyl-8-p
      sulfophenylxanthine (100 micromol/l), an inhibitor of ecto-5'-phosphodiesterase,
      or alpha,beta-methylene-adenosine 5'-diphosphate (100 micromol/l), an inhibitor
      of ecto-5'-nucleotidase. However, 8-cyclopentyltheophylline (1 micromol/l), an A1
      antagonist, did not elicit a similar response. The increased release of adenosine
      when the cortical surface was suffused with cAMP (100 micromol/l) was
      significantly reduced by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1,3-dipropyl-8-p
      sulfophenylxanthine, and alpha,beta-methylene-adenosine 5'-diphosphate (each 100
      micromol/l). These results indicate that the cAMP-adenosine pathway as a viable
      metabolic mechanism is implicated in the production of adenosine in the rat pial
      artery and contributes to the regulation of vasodilation in response to
      hypotension.

PMID- 9950837
TI  - Endothelium-independent vascular relaxation mediating ETB receptor in rabbit
      mesenteric arteries.
AB  - Vascular response mediating endothelin (ET)B receptor was studied using isolated
      rabbit mesenteric arteries. ET-1 (0.1-30 nM) caused a concentration-dependent
      contraction, whereas ET-3 >100 nM caused only weak contraction. Up to 1 microM of
      sarafotoxin S6c showed no contraction. In arteries precontracted with
      phenylephrine, ET-3 (0. 03-1 nM) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation,
      which was not affected by endothelium denudation. The ET-3-induced relaxation was
      antagonized by BQ-788 and PD-142893 but not by BQ-123 in the endothelium-denuded
      arteries. Treatment with indomethacin but not with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl
      ester completely inhibited the relaxation. ET-3 stimulated the release of 6-keto
      PGF1alpha and PGE2 from the endothelium-denuded arteries. ET-3 also significantly
      increased cAMP content but not cGMP content in the arteries. Radioligand-binding
      studies using serial sections of the artery revealed the expression of not only
      ETA but also ETB receptors in the smooth muscle layer of the arteries. These
      results suggest that ET-3 activates ETB receptor in smooth muscle cells of rabbit
      mesenteric artery, producing vasodilator prostaglandins from arachidonic acid
      probably via a catalysis of cyclooxygenase, which accumulates cAMP in
      subendothelial tissues and produces relaxations.

PMID- 9950838
TI  - Electrical interactions among real cardiac cells and cell models in a linear
      strand.
AB  - Previous work with model systems for action potential conduction have been
      restricted to conduction between two real cells or conduction between a model
      cell and a real cell. The inclusion of additional elements to make a linear
      strand has allowed us to investigate the interactions between cells at a higher
      level of complexity. When, in the simplest case of a linear strand of three
      elements, the conductance between elements 2 and 3 (GC2) is varied, this affects
      the success or failure of propagation between elements 1 and 2 (coupled by GC1)
      as well as the success or failure of propagation between elements 2 and 3.
      Several major features were illustrated. 1) When GC1 was only slightly greater
      than the coupling conductance required for successful propagation between a model
      cell and a real cell, addition of a third element of the strand either prevented
      conduction from element 1 to element 2 (when GC2 was high) or allowed conduction
      from element 1 to element 2 but not conduction from element 2 to element 3 (when
      GC2 was low). 2) For higher levels of GC1, there was an allowable "window" of
      values of GC2 for successful conduction from element 1 through to element 3. The
      size of this allowable window of GC2 values increased with increasing values of
      GC1, and this increase was produced by increases in the upper bound of GC2
      values. 3) When the size of the central element of the strand was reduced, this
      facilitated conduction through the strand, increasing the range of the allowable
      window of GC2 values. The overall success or failure of conduction through a
      structure of cells that has a spatially inhomogeneous distribution of coupling
      conductances cannot be predicted simply by the average or the minimum value of
      coupling conductance but may depend on the actual spatial distribution of these
      conductances.

PMID- 9950839
TI  - Rostral dorsolateral pontine neurons with sympathetic nerve-related activity.
AB  - Spike-triggered averaging, arterial pulse-triggered analysis, and coherence
      analysis were used to classify rostral dorsolateral pontine (RDLP) neurons into
      groups whose naturally occurring discharges were correlated to only the 10-Hz
      rhythm (n = 29), to only the cardiac-related rhythm (n = 15), and to both rhythms
      (n = 15) in inferior cardiac sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) of urethan
      anesthetized cats. Most of the neurons with activity correlated to only the
      cardiac-related rhythm were located medial to the other two groups of neurons.
      The firing rates of most RDLP neurons with activity correlated to only the 10-Hz
      rhythm (9 of 12) or both rhythms (7 of 8) were decreased during baroreceptor
      reflex-induced inhibition of SND produced by aortic obstruction; thus, they are
      presumed to be sympathoexcitatory. The firing rates of four of seven RDLP neurons
      with activity correlated to only the cardiac-related rhythm increased during
      baroreceptor reflex activation; thus, they may be sympathoinhibitory. We conclude
      that the RDLP contains a functionally heterogeneous population of neurons with
      sympathetic nerve-related activity. These neurons could not be antidromically
      activated by stimulation of the thoracic spinal cord.

PMID- 9950840
TI  - Dispersion-based reentry: mechanism of initiation of ventricular tachycardia in
      isolated rabbit hearts.
AB  - The aim of the study was to determine whether facilitation of reentry by
      potassium-channel openers is related to dispersion of refractoriness and/or
      modification of anisotropic properties of ventricular myocardium. The dispersion
      of ventricular effective refractory period (VERP), longitudinal and transverse
      ventricular conduction velocities (thetaL and thetaT, respectively), and
      wavelength [lambda = VERP x theta(L or T)] were studied in Langendorff-perfused
      left ventricular epicardium in 20 rabbits during infusion of incremental doses of
      levcromakalim or nicorandil. Dispersion of refractoriness was assessed using
      standard deviation of VERP mean (SD-VERP), dispersion index (DI; SD-VERP/mean
      VERP), and maximum dispersion (Dmax = VERPmax - VERPmin). Ventricular conduction
      velocities and anisotropic ratio were not modified, whatever the dose used. VERP
      and lambda were significantly shortened at high concentrations of levcromakalim
      and nicorandil. At these doses, SD-VERP, DI, and Dmax were increased
      significantly. Analysis of ventricular tachycardia induction, performed using a
      high-resolution ventricular mapping system, confirmed that heterogeneity and
      shortening of VERP were factors inducing functional conduction block. Our data
      suggest that, in rabbit left ventricular epicardium, functional conduction block
      facilitating the occurrence of reentry could be initiated by shortening and,
      especially, by dispersion of refractoriness during infusion of potassium-channel
      openers.

PMID- 9950841
TI  - Use of pulse pressure method for estimating total arterial compliance in vivo.
AB  - We determined total arterial compliance from pressure and flow in the ascending
      aorta of seven anesthetized dogs using the pulse pressure method (PPM) and the
      decay time method (DTM). Compliance was determined under control and during
      occlusion of the aorta at four different locations (iliac, renal, diaphragm, and
      proximal descending thoracic aorta). Compliance of PPM gave consistently lower
      values (0.893 +/- 0.015) compared with the compliance of DTM (means +/- SE; r =
      0.989). The lower compliance estimates by the PPM can be attributed to the
      difference in mean pressures at which compliance is determined (mean pressure,
      81.0 +/- 3.6 mmHg; mean diastolic pressure, over which the DTM applies, 67.0 +/-
      3.6 mmHg). Total arterial compliance under control conditions was 0.169 +/- 0.
      007 ml/mmHg. Compliance of the proximal aorta, obtained during occlusion of the
      proximal descending aorta, was 0.100 +/- 0.007 ml/mmHg. Mean aortic pressure was
      80.4 +/- 3.6 mmHg during control and 102 +/- 7.7 mmHg during proximal descending
      aortic occlusion. From these results and assuming that upper limbs and the head
      contribute as little as the lower limbs, we conclude that 60% of total arterial
      compliance resides in the proximal aorta. When we take into account the inverse
      relationship between pressure and compliance, the contribution of the proximal
      aorta to the total arterial compliance is even more significant.

PMID- 9950842
TI  - Synchrotron microangiography reveals configurational changes and to-and-fro flow
      in intramyocardial vessels.
AB  - In 8 dogs, in situ microangiography using synchrotron radiation visualized
      penetrating transmural arteries (PTAs) with a diameter of >60 micrometers and
      allowed quantitation of vessel diameters of >140 micrometers. Myocardial
      contraction reduced the vascular short-axial diameters to 87 +/- 17% (n = 62, P <
      0.001, paired t-test) of the end-diastolic values and increased the longitudinal
      dimension to 129 +/- 5% (n = 45, P < 0.001). The diameter reduction in the
      subendocardial PTA segments was significantly more marked than that in the
      subepicardial PTA segments (60 +/- 12 vs. 88 +/- 12%, n=13, P < 0.001, paired t
      test). Intracoronary administration of dobutamine (0.1 micrograms. kg-1. min-1)
      increased, and in contrast, partial clamping of the coronary artery (ischemia)
      decreased, the configurational changes. To-and-fro blood flow was clearly
      observed in PTAs with visual identification of capacitive backflow, resistive
      forward flow during ischemia on coronary arteriography, and even under baseline
      conditions in coronary venography. Thus this method advances our understanding of
      mechanical influences on the coronary circulation.

PMID- 9950843
TI  - Arterial O2 content and tension in regulation of cardiac output and leg blood
      flow during exercise in humans.
AB  - A universal O2 sensor presumes that compensation for impaired O2 delivery is
      triggered by low O2 tension, but in humans, comparisons of compensatory responses
      to altered arterial O2 content (CaO2) or tension (PaO2) have not been reported.
      To directly compare cardiac output (QTOT) and leg blood flow (LBF) responses to a
      range of CaO2 and PaO2, seven healthy young men were studied during two-legged
      knee extension exercise with control hemoglobin concentration ([Hb] = 144.4 +/- 4
      g/l) and at least 1 wk later after isovolemic hemodilution ([Hb] = 115 +/- 2
      g/l). On each study day, subjects exercised twice at 30 W and on to voluntary
      exhaustion with an FIO2 of 0.21 or 0.11. The interventions resulted in two
      conditions with matched CaO2 but markedly different PaO2 (hypoxia and anemia) and
      two conditions with matched PaO2 and different CaO2 (hypoxia and anemia +
      hypoxia). PaO2 varied from 46 +/- 3 Torr in hypoxia to 95 +/- 3 Torr (range 37 to
      >100) in anemia (P < 0.001), yet LBF at exercise was nearly identical. However,
      as CaO2 dropped from 190 +/- 5 ml/l in control to 132 +/- 2 ml/l in anemia +
      hypoxia (P < 0.001), QTOT and LBF at 30 W rose to 12.8 +/- 0.8 and 7.2 +/- 0.3
      l/min, respectively, values 23 and 47% above control (P < 0.01). Thus regulation
      of QTOT, LBF, and arterial O2 delivery to contracting intact human skeletal
      muscle is dependent for signaling primarily on CaO2, not PaO2. This finding
      suggests that factors related to CaO2 or [Hb] may play an important role in the
      regulation of blood flow during exercise in humans.

PMID- 9950844
TI  - A canine model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy: characterization of regional
      flow-function relations.
AB  - The controversy regarding the mechanism(s) of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction
      in chronic coronary artery disease is, in part, related to the lack of an
      appropriate animal model for this condition. We have developed such a model by
      placing Ameroid constrictors on proximal portions of coronary arteries in dogs
      who were euthanized (mean of 6 wk) after the development of severe global LV
      dysfunction noted on two-dimensional echocardiography. The LV end-systolic size
      nearly doubled (P < 0.001) over the observation period, and the percent change in
      LV size from end diastole to end systole decreased by >50% (P < 0.001). Regional
      dysfunction was noted in 23 of 24 myocardial beds analyzed within regions showing
      no gross evidence of infarction. In 10 of these beds, severe dysfunction was
      noted without a decrease in radiolabeled microsphere-derived myocardial blood
      flow (MBF). In 13 myocardial beds, decrease in function was associated with a
      decrease in MBF (P < 0.001), with close coupling noted between percent wall
      thickening and MBF. In the beds that exhibited an ultimate decrease in MBF, the
      decrease in function preceded the decrease in MBF. In conclusion, we describe
      chronic LV dysfunction in a canine model of multivessel stenosis that closely
      mimics chronic ischemic LV dysfunction in humans. Whereas regional function is
      severely reduced in this model, MBF is varied in different segments and at
      different times during the observation period. These results provide new insights
      regarding flow-function relations in chronic ischemic LV dysfunction.

PMID- 9950845
TI  - Preserved hypocapnic pial arteriolar constriction during hyperammonemia by
      glutamine synthetase inhibition.
AB  - Ammonia intoxication, which results in astrocytic edema and glutamine
      accumulation, blocks cerebral vasodilation during hypercapnia but not during
      hypoxia. Ammonia's effect on blood flow during hypocapnia is unclear, with some
      brain regions showing a paradoxical increase in flow. Here, we studied the
      responses to hypocapnia of pial arterioles not surrounded by astrocytic end feet
      to avoid mechanical compression by local edema. Blood flow was measured by
      microspheres in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats equipped with closed
      cranial windows that permitted intravital microscopy. The normal pial arterial
      constriction in hypocapnia (12 +/- 1%; mean +/- SE) was blocked (2 +/- 1%) during
      a 6-h intravenous infusion of ammonium acetate, with some regions (cerebrum,
      midbrain) showing increased flow during hypocapnia. After pretreatment with
      methionine sulfoximine (MSO), which inhibits glutamine synthesis, the normal
      hypocapnic constrictor response was retained in pial arterioles (11 +/- 2%)
      during hyperammonemia. The increase in the calculated cerebrovascular resistance
      also was retained. An analog of MSO that does not block glutamine synthesis
      (buthionine sulfoximine) was ineffective in maintaining hypocapnic reactivity. In
      a sodium acetate-treated control group, MSO did not alter the pial arteriolar
      response. Normal vasoconstrictive ability was shown during ammonium infusion in
      response to U-46619, a thromboxane analog. We conclude that the inhibition of
      hypocapnic responsivity induced by ammonium is not due to paralysis of the pial
      arteriolar smooth muscle or to vascular compression by swollen astrocytes but is
      in some way due to glutamine metabolically produced from the ammonium.

PMID- 9950846
TI  - Influence of chronic ethanol consumption on arterial tone in young and aged rats.
AB  - The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of long-term ethanol consumption
      on arterial responses in vitro in young and aged rats. Therefore, Wistar rats
      (ages 3 and 29 mo, respectively) were allocated to six groups: control-young,
      sucrose-young, ethanol-young, control-aged, sucrose-aged, and ethanol-aged. The
      ethanol-fed groups were given 25% ethanol by intragastric gavage three times a
      day 4 days a week. Responses of mesenteric arterial rings were examined in
      standard organ chambers after 5 treatment weeks. In norepinephrine-precontracted
      arterial rings, endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine, as well as
      endothelium-independent relaxations to isoproterenol, were attenuated in aged
      rats when compared with young controls. Relaxation responses to isoproterenol,
      but not to acetylcholine and nitroprusside, were clearly improved by ethanol
      treatment in both young and aged rats. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor diclofenac,
      which reduces the synthesis of dilating and constricting prostanoids, enhanced
      the relaxation to acetylcholine in all three aged rat groups but was without
      significant effect in the young rats. In the presence of the nitric oxide
      synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester the relaxation to
      acetylcholine in control and sucrose-fed aged rats was markedly reduced compared
      with control rats, whereas in the young controls and in both young and aged
      ethanol-exposed groups, distinct relaxations to higher concentrations of
      acetylcholine were still present. The endothelium-independent relaxations to
      cromakalim, a hyperpolarizing vasodilator acting via ATP-sensitive potassium
      channels, were also markedly augmented by ethanol feeding in both young and aged
      rats. In conclusion, ethanol consumption in both young and aged rats was
      associated with markedly improved arterial relaxations to isoproterenol and
      cromakalim, as well as clearly augmented relaxation to acetylcholine during
      inhibition of cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase. These findings suggest
      that especially the potassium channel-related component of arterial relaxation
      was augmented by long-term ethanol exposure.

PMID- 9950847
TI  - Surgical procedure affects physiological parameters in rat myocardial ischemia:
      need for mechanical ventilation.
AB  - Several surgical approaches are being used to induce myocardial ischemia in rats.
      The present study investigated two different operative procedures in
      spontaneously breathing and mechanically ventilated rats under sham conditions. A
      snare around the left coronary artery (LCA) was achieved without occlusion. Left
      lateral thoracotomy was performed in spontaneously breathing and mechanically
      ventilated rats (tidal volume 8 ml/kg) with a respiratory rate of 90 strokes/min
      at different levels of O2 supplementation (room air and 30, 40, and 90% O2). All
      animals were observed for 60 min after thoracotomy. Rats operated with
      exteriorization of the heart through left lateral thoracotomy while breathing
      spontaneously developed severe hypoxia and hypercapnia despite an intrathoracic
      operation time of <1 min. Arterial O2 content decreased from 18.7 +/- 0.5 to 3.3
      +/- 0.9 vol%. Lactate increased from 1.2 +/- 0.1 to 5.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/l.
      Significant signs of ischemia were seen in the electrocardiogram up to 60 min.
      Mechanically ventilated animals exhibited a spectrum ranging from hypoxia (room
      air) to hyperoxia (90% O2). In order not to jeopardize findings in experimental
      myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury models, stable physiological parameters
      can be achieved in mechanically ventilated rats at an O2 application of 30-40% at
      90 strokes/min.

PMID- 9950848
TI  - Possible obligatory functions of cyclic nucleotides in hypercapnia-induced
      cerebral vasodilation in adult rats.
AB  - Current evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) and vasodilating prostanoids,
      possibly via the actions of cGMP and cAMP, play permissive roles in hypercapnic
      cerebral vasodilation. The present study examined whether cGMP and cAMP have
      obligatory functions in hypercapnia. Using a closed cranial window in adult rats,
      we measured pial arteriolar diameters and periarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid
      (pCSF) cyclic nucleotide levels during normo- and hypercapnia and in the presence
      or absence of inhibitors of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) or cyclooxygenase (COX).
      Also, we measured cGMP and cAMP contents in primary neuronal and astrocyte
      cultures, at different levels of CO2. Hypercapnia (arterial PCO2 65 mmHg)-induced
      pial arteriolar dilation was accompanied by 70-80% elevations in pCSF cGMP and
      cAMP. Inhibition of nNOS with 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) significantly reduced both
      the CO2-induced arteriolar dilation (by 77%) and the pCSF cGMP and cAMP increases
      (by 60-70%). Inhibition of COX with indomethacin reduced arteriolar CO2
      reactivity (by 83%) and pCSF cyclic nucleotide increases (by 80-100%). In
      neuronal cultures a transient NO-dependent increase in cGMP, but not cAMP, was
      seen when the CO2 level was raised from 5 to 14%. No changes were seen in
      astrocytes. The 7-NI and indomethacin-inhibitable increases in pial arteriolar
      diameter and cyclic nucleotide production during hypercapnia suggest a link
      between these two responses. One possible, although not exclusive, interpretation
      of these findings is that the cyclic nucleotides have an obligatory function in
      the CO2 response. The large overlap in the abilities of nNOS and COX inhibitors
      to elicit those effects further implies interactions ("cross talk") between the
      cGMP and cAMP vasodilating pathways. The in vitro data suggest that hypercapnia
      stimulates NO production in neurons.

PMID- 9950849
TI  - Adenosine-induced activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in excised membrane
      patches is mediated by PKC.
AB  - Both protein kinase C (PKC) and adenosine receptor activation have been shown to
      enhance ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels. The present studies were designed to
      determine whether PKC mediates adenosine effects on the KATP channel. The
      dependence of KATP channel activity (nPo) on intracellular ATP concentration
      ([ATP]i) was determined in excised rabbit ventricular membrane patches. External
      adenosine (100 microM in the pipette solution) significantly increased KATP nPo
      at all [ATP]i between 5 and 50 microM by decreasing channel sensitivity to [ATP]i
      (dissociation constant increased from 7.4 +/- 0.8 to 22.2 +/- 3.1 microM, P <
      0.001), an effect blocked by the adenosine receptor antagonist 8
      phenyltheophylline (10 microM). When the highly selective PKC blocker
      bisindolylmaleimide (BIM) was included in the internal (bath) solution, the KATP
      stimulating action of adenosine was prevented. The addition of BIM to the
      superfusate rapidly inhibited KATP channels activated by adenosine. Endogenous
      PKC activation by phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (PDD), but not administration of the
      inactive congener 4alpha-PDD, enhanced KATP activity. Internal guanosine 5'-O-(2
      thiodiphosphate) prevented KATP activation by adenosine, an effect which could be
      overridden by exposure to PDD. We conclude that PKC mediates adenosine activation
      of KATP channels in excised membrane patches in a membrane-delimited fashion.

PMID- 9950850
TI  - Reversal of permeability transition during recovery of hearts from ischemia and
      its enhancement by pyruvate.
AB  - We have used mitochondrial entrapment of 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose (2-DG) to
      demonstrate that recovery of Langendorff-perfused rat hearts from ischemia is
      accompanied by reversal of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). In
      hearts loaded with 2-DG before 40 min of ischemia and 25 min of reperfusion, 2-DG
      entrapment [expressed as 10(5) x (mitochondrial 2-[3H]DG dpm per unit citrate
      synthase)/(total heart 2-[3H]DG dpm/g wet wt)] increased from 11.1 +/- 1.3 (no
      ischemia, n = 4) to 32.5 +/- 1.9 (n = 6; P < 0.001). In other experiments, 2-DG
      was loaded after 25 min of reperfusion to determine whether some mitochondria
      that had undergone the MPT during the initial phase of reperfusion subsequently
      "resealed" and thus no longer took up 2-DG. The reduction of 2-DG entrapment to
      20. 6 +/- 2.4 units (n = 5) confirmed that this was the case. Pyruvate (10 mM) in
      the perfusion medium increased recovery of left ventricular developed pressure
      from 57.2 +/- 10.3 to 98.9 +/- 10.8% (n = 6; P < 0.05) and reduced entrapment of
      2-DG loaded preischemically and postischemically to 23.5 +/- 1.5 (n = 4; P < 0.
      001) and 10.5 +/- 0.5 (n = 4; P < 0.01) units, respectively. The presence of
      pyruvate increased tissue lactate content at the end of ischemia and decreased
      the effluent pH during the initial phase of reperfusion concomitant with an
      increase in lactate output. We suggest that pyruvate may inhibit the MPT by
      decreasing pHi and scavenging free radicals, thus protecting hearts from
      reperfusion injury.

PMID- 9950851
TI  - Cytochrome P-450 omega-hydroxylase senses O2 in hamster muscle, but not cheek
      pouch epithelium, microcirculation.
AB  - The goal of this study was to investigate the role of cytochrome P-450 omega
      hydroxylase in mediating O2-induced constriction of arterioles in the
      microcirculation of the hamster. Male Golden hamsters were anesthetized with
      pentobarbital sodium, and the cremaster muscle or cheek pouch was prepared for
      observation by intravital microscopy. Arteriolar diameters were measured during
      elevations of superfusate PO2 from approximately 5 to 150 mmHg. Arteriolar
      responses to elevated PO2 were determined in the cremaster muscle, in the
      retractor muscle where it inserts on the cheek pouch, and in the epithelial
      portion of the cheek pouch. Elevation of superfusion solution PO2 caused a
      vigorous constriction of arterioles in the cremaster and retractor muscles and in
      the epithelial portion of the cheek pouch. Superfusion with 10 microM 17
      octadecynoic acid, a suicide substrate inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 omega
      hydroxylase, and intravenous infusion of N-methylsulfonyl-12,12-dibromododec-11
      enamide, a mechanistically different and highly selective inhibitor of cytochrome
      P-450 omega-hydroxylase, caused a significant reduction in the magnitude of O2
      induced constriction of arterioles in the cremaster and retractor muscles.
      However, arteriolar constriction in response to elevated PO2 was unaffected by 17
      octadecynoic acid or N-methylsulfonyl-12,12-dibromododec-11-enamide in the
      epithelial portion of the cheek pouch. These data confirm that there are regional
      differences in the mechanism of action of O2 on the microcirculation and indicate
      that cytochrome P-450 omega-hydroxylase senses O2 in the microcirculation of
      hamster skeletal muscle, but not in the cheek pouch epithelium.

PMID- 9950852
TI  - Electrical and mechanical responses of rat middle cerebral arteries to reduced
      PO2 and prostacyclin.
AB  - Isolated rat middle cerebral arteries were perfused and superfused with
      physiological salt solution equilibrated with a control (approximately 140 mmHg)
      or reduced (approximately 35-40 mmHg) PO2. In other experiments, cerebral
      arteries were isolated and prostacyclin release was determined by
      radioimmunoassay for 6-ketoprostaglandin F1alpha. Equilibration of the vessels
      with reduced PO2 (35 mmHg) solution caused a significant increase in prostacyclin
      release relative to control PO2 (140 mmHg) conditions. Exposure of middle
      cerebral arteries to reduced PO2 caused vascular smooth muscle (VSM)
      hyperpolarization and vessel relaxation, which could be blocked by 1 microM
      glibenclamide, an inhibitor of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel, but not by 1 mM
      tetraethylammonium (TEA), an inhibitor of the Ca2+-activated K+ channel.
      Glibenclamide also inhibited VSM hyperpolarization and vasodilation in response
      to the stable prostacyclin analog iloprost, but TEA did not affect iloprost
      induced dilation of the vessel. Endothelial removal eliminated the electrical and
      mechanical responses of the arteries to reduced PO2, but vessel responses to
      iloprost were similar to those of intact vessels. The results of this study are
      consistent with the hypothesis that hypoxic dilation of rat middle cerebral
      arteries is due to VSM hyperpolarization mediated by prostacyclin-induced
      activation of glibenclamide-sensitive K+ channels.

PMID- 9950853
TI  - In vivo effects of hydrostatic pressure on interstitium of abdominal wall muscle.
AB  - Fluid loss from the peritoneal cavity to surrounding tissue varies directly with
      intraperitoneal hydrostatic pressure (Pip). According to Darcy's law [Q = 
      KA(dPif/dx)], fluid flux (Q) across a cross-sectional area (A) of tissue will
      increase with an increase in either hydraulic conductivity (K) or the
      interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure gradient (dPif/dx, where x is distance).
      Previously, we demonstrated that in the anterior abdominal muscle (AAM) of rats,
      dPif/dx increases by only 40%, whereas K rises fivefold between Pip of 1.5 and 8
      mmHg. Because K is a function of interstitial volume (thetaif), we hypothesized
      that perturbations of Pip would change Pif and expand the interstitium,
      increasing thetaif. To test this hypothesis, we used dual-label quantitative
      autoradiography (QAR) to measure extracellular fluid volume (thetaec) and
      intravascular volume (thetaiv) in the AAM of rats within the Pip range from -2.8
      to +8 mmHg. thetaif was obtained by subtraction (thetaec - thetaiv). dPif/dx was
      measured with a micropipette and a servo-null system. Local thetaiv did not vary
      with Pip and averaged 0.010 +/- 0.002 ml/g, and thetaif averaged 0. 19 +/- 0.01
      ml/g at Pif </=1.2 mmHg. However, thetaif doubled between Pif of 1.2 and 4.2 mmHg
      (from 0.20 +/- 0.00 to 0.39 +/- 0.01 ml/g, respectively) but did not increase
      with further increases in Pif. This nonlinear pressure-volume relationship does
      not explain the fivefold increase in K with Pip. Because the interstitial matrix
      contributes to the interstitial resistance to fluid flow, and because hyaluronan
      (HA) is the only component of the matrix that is not anchored to the tissue, we
      hypothesized that the loss of interstitial HA was responsible for the continued
      decrease in interstitial resistance to fluid flow. We determined HA concentration
      in the rat AAM and adjacent subcutaneous tissue (SC) at Pip = 0 mmHg and after 2
      h of dialysis at constant Pip = 6 mmHg. The HA content (normalized to dry weight)
      in the AAM was reduced from 487 +/- 16 to 360 +/- 27 micrograms/g dry tissue (n =
      4, P < 0.05) and increased from 528 +/- 72 to 1,050 +/- 136 mg/g dry tissue (n =
      4, P > 0.001) in the SC. We conclude that the mechanisms responsible for the
      increase in K with Pip include expansion of the interstitium, dilution of
      interstitial macromolecules, and washout from the AAM to SC of interstitial
      macromolecules responsible for resistance to fluid flow.

PMID- 9950854
TI  - Human endothelial cells produce orosomucoid, an important component of the
      capillary barrier.
AB  - The serum protein orosomucoid (alpha1-acid glycoprotein) is needed to maintain
      the high capillary permselectivity required for normal homeostasis. It is not
      known how the protein executes its action, but it seems to contribute to the
      charge barrier. Moreover, recent studies suggest that the endothelial glycocalyx
      is essential for the charge barrier. The main site of orosomucoid synthesis is
      the liver, but we wanted to explore the possibility that orosomucoid was
      synthesized in endothelial cells. Primary cultures of human microvascular
      endothelial cells (HMVEC) from dermal tissue were established. Human liver cells
      were used as positive controls, and total RNA was prepared from both cell types.
      Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed and
      demonstrated orosomucoid expression. After RT-PCR, the identities of the PCR
      products were confirmed by sequencing. RNase protection assay performed on total
      RNA from the HMVEC confirmed the results from the RT-PCR, i.e., orosomucoid mRNA
      is expressed by endothelial cells. Synthesis of orosomucoid in both liver and
      endothelial cells was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation. In conclusion,
      endothelial cells normally produce orosomucoid, which is essential for capillary
      charge selectivity. We suggest that orosomucoid exerts its effect by interacting
      with other components of the endothelial glycocalyx.

PMID- 9950855
TI  - Role of phospholipase C, protein kinase C, and calcium in VEGF-induced venular
      hyperpermeability.
AB  - We previously demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
      elicited increase in the permeability of coronary venules was blocked by the
      nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). The aim
      of this study was to delineate in more detail the signaling pathways upstream
      from NO production in VEGF-induced venular hyperpermeability. The apparent
      permeability coefficient of albumin (Pa) and endothelial cytosolic Ca2+
      concentration ([Ca2+]i) were measured in intact perfused porcine coronary venules
      using fluorescence microscopy. VEGF (10(-10) M) induced a two- to threefold
      increase in Pa, which was blocked by a monoclonal antibody directed against the
      VEGF receptor Flk-1/KDR, the phospholipase C (PLC) antagonist U-73122, or the
      protein kinase C (PKC) antagonist bisindolylmaleimide (BIM). In 12 venules that
      displayed the [Ca2+]i response to bradykinin (10(-6) M) and ionomycin (10(-6) M),
      only 4 vessels responded to VEGF with a transient increase in [Ca2+]i.
      Furthermore, Western blot analysis of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial
      cells showed that VEGF increased tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma and serine
      phosphorylation of endothelial constitutive NO synthase (ecNOS). The
      hyperphosphorylation of PLC-gamma was greatly attenuated by the KDR receptor
      antibody and U-73122, but not by BIM or L-NMMA. In contrast, U-73122 and BIM were
      able to inhibit VEGF-elicited serine phosphorylation of ecNOS. The results
      suggest that VEGF induces venular hyperpermeability through a KDR receptor
      mediated activation of PLC. In turn, ecNOS is activated by PLC-mediated PKC
      and/or cytosolic Ca2+ elevation stimulation.

PMID- 9950856
TI  - Early activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB during ischemia in perfused
      rat heart.
AB  - The transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) regulates multiple
      immediate-early gene expressions involved in immune and inflammatory responses
      and cellular defenses. Ischemia-reperfusion induces many immediate-early gene
      expressions, but little is known about the NF-kappaB activation in myocardium
      during ischemia and reperfusion. This study demonstrated that ischemia alone
      rapidly induced NF-kappaB activation in the myocardium of isolated working rat
      hearts. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that NF-kappaB binding
      activity significantly increased in the nucleus after 5 min of ischemia and
      remained elevated for up to 30 min. Western blot analysis suggested that the
      levels of inhibitory IkappaBalpha protein in the cytoplasm became markedly
      decreased at 4, 5, 7.5, and 10 min of ischemia but were gradually restored
      following 10 min of ischemia. Reduction of IkappaBalpha protein in the cytoplasm
      by ischemia resulted in NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus. Northern blot
      hybridization showed that IkappaBalpha mRNA levels were not significantly
      elevated during myocardial ischemia. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an antioxidant,
      significantly inhibited the loss of IkappaBalpha protein from the cytoplasm and
      prevented NF-kappaB binding activity in the nucleus. Reperfusion following short
      periods of ischemia augmented NF-kappaB binding activity in the nucleus induced
      by ischemia. The results suggest that early activation of NF-kappaB induced by
      ischemia in the myocardium could be a signal mechanism for controlling and
      regulating immediate-early gene expression during ischemia-reperfusion.

PMID- 9950857
TI  - Microvascular responses to hemodilution with Hb vesicles as red blood cell
      substitutes: influence of O2 affinity.
AB  - Phospholipid vesicles encapsulating purified hemoglobin (HbV) were developed to
      provide O2-carrying capacity to plasma expanders. Microvascular perfusion was
      determined for HbV with different O2 affinity (P50 = 9, 16, and 30 mmHg) prepared
      by coencapsulating pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) at the molar ratios of [PLP]/[Hb]
      = 0, 0.5, and 3, respectively (cf. hamster blood, P50: 28 mmHg), and suspended in
      8 g/dl human serum albumin (HSA). Eighty percent of the red blood cell (RBC) mass
      of conscious Syrian golden hamsters fitted with dorsal skinfold windows was
      substituted with either of the HbV-HSA suspensions, washed hamster RBC suspended
      in HSA (RBC-HSA), and HSA alone. All three HbV-HSA groups and RBC-HSA groups
      showed stable blood pressure and heart rate, which could not be sustained with
      HSA alone. Only the HbV (P50 = 9)-HSA group showed an increase in arterial O2
      tension (89.8 +/- 14.7 mmHg, baseline 58.4 +/- 4.0 mmHg) because of
      hyperventilation, and microvascular perfusion was decreased, indicating that
      facilitated O2 unloading of HbV by decreasing the O2 affinity (increasing P50)
      with PLP as an allosteric effector is important. Microvascular perfusion and
      microvascular and interstitial O2 tensions in the HbV (P50 = 16 and 30)-HSA
      groups were significantly higher than those in the HSA group. The O2 release rate
      from the HbV was 18-32 s-1 vs. 4.4 s-1 for RBC. Functional capillary density was
      improved from 17 to 41% on average by decreasing P50 from 30 to 16 mmHg, which
      appears to be an optimal value for the P50 in this system.

PMID- 9950858
TI  - Changes in resistance vessels during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in
      conscious hamster model.
AB  - The unanesthetized hamster dorsal skinfold preparation was used to monitor
      diameters and blood flow rates in resistance arteries (small arteries, A0:
      diameter, 156 +/- 23 micrometers) and capacitance vessels (small veins, V0: 365
      +/- 64 micrometers), during 45 min of hemorrhagic shock at 40 mmHg mean arterial
      pressure (MAP) and resuscitation. A0 and V0 vessels constricted significantly to
      52 and 70% of the basal values, respectively, whereas precapillary arterioles (A1
      A4, 8-60 micrometers) and collecting venules (VC-VL, 26-80 micrometers) did not
      change or tended to dilate. Blood flow rates in the microvessels declined to <20%
      of the basal values. Resuscitation with shed autologous blood (SAB) showed
      incomplete recovery of A0 and V0 diameters even 2 h after resuscitation (71 +/-
      14% and 81 +/- 18%, respectively, of basal value), whereas other vessels did not
      change significantly. The behavior of A0 diameter coincided with the incomplete
      recovery of blood flow rates in all the vessels (ca. 50%) according to
      Poiseuille's law, and the incomplete recovery of functional capillary density
      (ca. 75%). Resuscitation with 8% human serum albumin in saline (HSA) tended to
      show higher levels of A0 constriction and A4 dilation and lowered blood flow
      rates. Resuscitation with SAB restored tissue PO2 27 +/- 10 mmHg after 2 h, which
      was near control levels (28 +/- 5 mmHg), whereas resuscitation with HSA caused
      tissue PO2 to remain significantly depressed (6 +/- 2 mmHg), and flow rates were
      significantly lower than resuscitation with SAB. These results indicate that
      response of the A0 vessels is the crucial determinant of blood flow in the
      observed area. The constriction of A0 may help sustain MAP, and constriction of
      V0 may enhance blood redistribution from the skin to the vital organs under the
      hypotensive condition.

PMID- 9950859
TI  - Modulation of repolarization in rabbit Purkinje and ventricular myocytes coupled
      by a variable resistance.
AB  - Purkinje-ventricular junctions (PVJs) have been implicated as potential sites of
      arrhythmogenesis, in part because of the dispersion of action potential duration
      (APD) between Purkinje (P) and ventricular (V) myocytes. To characterize
      electrotonic modulation of APD as a function of junctional resistance (Rj), we
      coupled single isolated rabbit P and V myocytes with an electronic circuit. In
      seven of eight PV myocyte pairs, both APDs shortened on coupling at Rj = 50
      MOmega. This was in contrast to modulation of APD in paired ventricular myocytes,
      which demonstrated APD shortening of the intrinsically longer action potential
      and APD prolongation of the intrinsically shorter action potential. Companion
      computer simulations, performed to suggest possible mechanisms for the
      paradoxical shortening of the V action potential in paired P and V myocytes,
      showed that the difference in intrinsic peak plateau potentials (Vpp) of the P
      and V myocytes determined whether the V action potential shortened or prolonged
      on coupling. This difference in Vpp caused a large, repolarizing coupling current
      to flow to the V myocyte, contributing to early inactivation of the L-type
      calcium current and early activation of the inward rectifier current. These
      results suggest that intrinsic differences in phase 1 repolarization could yield
      differing patterns of APD shortening or prolongation in the network of
      subendocardial PVJs, leaving some PVJs vulnerable to conduction of premature
      stimuli while other PVJs remain refractory.

PMID- 9950860
TI  - Disparate effects of three types of extracellular acidosis on left ventricular
      function.
AB  - Effects of acidosis on muscle contractile function have been studied extensively.
      However, the relative effects of different types of extracellular acidosis on
      left ventricular (LV) contractile function, especially the temporal features of
      contraction, have not been investigated in a single model. We constituted
      perfusion buffers of identical ionic composition, including Ca2+ concentration
      ([Ca2+]), to mimic physiological control condition (pH 7.40) and three types of
      acidosis with pH of 7.03: inorganic (IA), respiratory (RA), and lactic (LA).
      Isolated rabbit hearts (n = 9) were perfused with acidotic buffers chosen at
      random, each preceded by the control buffer. Under steady-state conditions,
      instantaneous LV pressure (Pv) and volume (Vv) were recorded for a range of Vv.
      The results were as follows. 1) LV passive (end-diastolic) elastance increased
      with IA and RA. However, this increase may not be a direct effect of acidosis; it
      can be explained on the basis of myocardial turgor. 2) Although LV inotropic
      state (peak active Pv and elastance) was depressed by all three acidotic buffers,
      the magnitude of inotropic depression was significantly less for LA. 3) Temporal
      features of Pv were altered differently. Whereas IA and RA reduced time to peak
      Pv (tmax) and hastened isovolumic relaxation at a common level of LV wall stress,
      LA significantly increased tmax and retarded relaxation. These results and a
      model-based interpretation suggest that cooperative feedback (i.e., force
      activation interaction) plays an important role in acidosis-induced changes in LV
      contractile function. Furthermore, it is proposed that LA-induced responses
      comprise two components, one due to intracellular acidosis and the other due to
      pH-independent effects of lactate ions.

PMID- 9950861
TI  - Laminar fiber architecture and three-dimensional systolic mechanics in canine
      ventricular myocardium.
AB  - Previous studies suggest that the laminar architecture of left ventricular
      myocardium may be critical for normal ventricular mechanics. However, systolic
      three-dimensional deformation of the laminae has never been measured. Therefore,
      end-systolic finite strains relative to end diastole, from biplane radiography of
      transmural markers near the apex and base of the anesthetized open-chest canine
      anterior left ventricular free wall (n = 6), were referred to three-dimensional
      laminar microstructural axes reconstructed from histology. Whereas fiber
      shortening was uniform [-0.07 +/- 0.04 (SD)], radial wall thickening increased
      from base (0. 10 +/- 0.09) to apex (0.14 +/- 0.13). Extension of the laminae
      transverse to the muscle fibers also increased from base (0.08 +/- 0. 07) to apex
      (0.11 +/- 0.08), and interlaminar shear changed sign [0. 05 +/- 0.07 (base) and 
      0.07 +/- 0.09 (apex)], reflecting variations in laminar architecture.
      Nevertheless, the apex and base were similar in that at each site laminar
      extension and shear contributed approximately 60 and 40%, respectively, of mean
      transmural thickening. Kinematic considerations suggest that these dual wall
      thickening mechanisms may have distinct ultrastructural origins.

PMID- 9950862
TI  - beta-adrenergic modulation of L-type Ca2+-channel currents in early-stage
      embryonic mouse heart.
AB  - Little information is available concerning the modulation of cardiac function by
      beta-adrenergic agonists in early-stage embryonic mammalian heart. We have
      examined the effects of isoproterenol (Iso) on the spontaneous beating rate and
      action potential (AP) configuration in embryonic mouse hearts at 9.5 days
      postcoitum (dpc), just 1 day after they started to beat. Iso (3 microM) increased
      the spontaneous beating rate in whole hearts, dissected ventricles, and isolated
      ventricular myocytes. In ventricular myocytes, Iso also increased the slope of
      the pacemaker potential and the action potential duration but decreased the
      maximum upstroke velocity. In whole cell voltage-clamp experiments, the Ca2+
      channel currents were measured as Ba2+ currents (IBa). In 9.5-dpc myocytes, IBa
      was enhanced significantly from -4.7 +/- 0.9 to -6.7 +/- 1.2 pA/pF (by 52.4 +/-
      14.8%, n = 10) after the application of Iso. Propranolol (3 microM) reversed the
      effect of Iso. Forskolin (For, 10 microM) produced an increase in IBa by 95.5 +/-
      18.8% (n = 8). In ventricular myocytes at a late embryonic stage (18 dpc), 3
      microM Iso caused an appreciably greater increase in IBa from -6.2 +/- 0.5 to 
      14.5 +/- 2.2 pA/pF (by 137.8 +/- 33.0%, n = 8), whereas the increase in IBa by 10
      microM For (by 120.0 +/- 23.0%, n = 7) was comparable to that observed in the
      early stage (9.5 dpc). These results indicate that the L-type Ca2+-channel
      currents are modulated by beta-adrenergic receptors in the embryonic mouse heart
      as early as 9.5 dpc, probably via a cAMP-dependent pathway.

PMID- 9950863
TI  - Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 activation in endothelial cells
      exposed to cyclic strain.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine whether extracellular signal-regulated
      kinases 1/2 (ERK1/ERK2) are activated and might play a role in enhanced
      proliferation and morphological change induced by strain. Bovine aortic
      endothelial cells (BAEC) were subjected to an average of 6 or 10% strain at a
      rate of 60 cycles/min for up to 4 h. Cyclic strain caused strain- and time
      dependent phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/ERK2. Peak phosphorylation and
      activation of ERK1/ERK2 induced by 10% strain were at 10 min. A specific
      ERK1/ERK2 kinase inhibitor, PD-98059, inhibited phosphorylation and activation of
      ERK1/ERK2 but did not inhibit the increased cell proliferation and cell alignment
      induced by strain. Treatment of BAEC with 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1, 4
      benzohydroquinone, to deplete inositol trisphosphate-sensitive calcium storage,
      and gadolinium chloride, a Ca2+ channel blocker, did not inhibit the activation
      of ERK1/ERK2. Strain-induced ERK1/ERK2 activation was partly inhibited by the
      protein kinase C inhibitor calphostin C and completely inhibited by the tyrosine
      kinase inhibitor genistein. These data suggest that 1) ERK1/ERK2 are not
      critically involved in the strain-induced cell proliferation and orientation, 2)
      strain-dependent activation of ERK1/ERK2 is independent of intracellular and
      extracellular calcium mobilization, and 3) protein kinase C activation and
      tyrosine kinase regulate strain-induced activation of ERK1/ERK2.

PMID- 9950864
TI  - Ca2+-independent inhibition of myocardial contraction by coronary effluent of
      hypoxic rat hearts.
AB  - Endothelial cells release agents that influence cardiac contraction. We recently
      reported that cultured hypoxic endothelial cells release an unidentified
      factor(s) that inhibits myocardial contraction. In this study, we investigated
      the effects of coronary effluent of isolated hypoxic rat hearts on isolated rat
      ventricular myocyte contraction. Coronary effluent collected during brief
      moderate hypoxia significantly depressed myocyte twitch shortening and decreased
      diastolic length, with only minor reduction in intracellular Ca2+ transients.
      These effects were similar to those of hypoxic rat coronary microvascular
      endothelial cell superfusates and were reversed by reoxygenation of hearts.
      "Hypoxic" coronary effluent exerted essentially Ca2+-independent effects on
      myofilament interaction in intact myocytes, as assessed by 1) peak Ca2+
      shortening relations, 2) phase-plane analysis of instantaneous Ca2+-cell length
      relations, and 3) "steady-state" myofilament responses in tetanized, sarcoplasmic
      reticulum-disabled cells. Thus an unidentified substance(s) that inhibits myocyte
      shortening predominantly via effects on the myofilaments is reversibly released
      during acute moderate hypoxia of isolated hearts, presumably from coronary
      endothelial cells. Release of such an agent may be relevant to the cardiac
      contractile response to hypoxia.

PMID- 9950865
TI  - Endocardial endothelium mediates luminal ACh-NO signaling in isolated frog heart.
AB  - ACh exerted a biphasic effect in the in vitro working heart of Rana esculenta.
      High concentrations (10(-7) M) of ACh depressed stroke volume (SV) and stroke
      work (SW) by approximately 30% with a shorter systolic phase and reduced peak
      pressure. Doses from 10(-10) M induced a positive response peaking at 10(-8) M
      (SV: +8.6%; SW: +6. 5%) and a prolonged systolic phase without affecting peak
      pressure. Atropine and pirenzepine blocked both the positive and the negative
      effects of ACh. Pretreatment with Triton X-100 (0.1 ml, 0.05%) or with nitric
      oxide (NO)-cGMP pathway antagonists (NG-nitro-L-arginine, NG-nitro-L-arginine
      methyl ester, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3
      a]quinoxalin-1-one) abolished the positive and negative cholinergic effects.
      Infusion of 8-bromoguanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate reverted the positive
      effect of ACh to a negative effect. Milrinone blocked the positive inotropism but
      did not change the negative cholinergic response. The NO donor 3
      morpholinosydnonimine generated a biphasic dose-response curve with a maximum
      positive effect at 10(-8) M (SV: +8%; SW: +5.6%; systolic phase: +28 ms) and a
      negative effect at 5 x 10(-8) M (SV and SW: about -12%; systolic phase: -70 ms;
      peak pressure: -1.50 mm). We conclude that in the avascular frog heart the
      endocardial endothelium mediates the inotropic effect of luminal cholinergic
      stimuli via a NO-cGMP pathway.

PMID- 9950866
TI  - Protein kinase C translocation and PKC-dependent protein phosphorylation during
      myocardial ischemia.
AB  - The present study demonstrates that the alpha, epsilon, and iota isozymes of
      protein kinase C (PKC) are translocated to particulate fractions from the cytosol
      during brief intervals of global ischemia as well as reperfusion of ischemic rat
      myocardium. In contrast, phorbol ester treatment of perfused hearts resulted in
      the translocation of the alpha, delta, and epsilon isozymes of PKC to particulate
      fractions. Additionally, the alpha, delta, and epsilon isozymes of PKC are
      translocated to particulate fractions in phorbol ester-stimulated, isolated adult
      rat cardiac myocytes. Concomitant with the translocation of PKC isozymes to
      particulate fractions during myocardial ischemia, increased protein
      phosphorylation was observed, which was blocked by pretreatment of hearts with
      the selective PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I (50 nM). In particular,
      ischemia resulted in the phosphorylation of 26-, 20-, and 17-kDa particulate
      associated proteins. Taken together, the present findings are the first to
      demonstrate that specific PKC isozymes are translocated to particulate fractions
      in the ischemic and the reperfused ischemic rat heart, resulting in the
      phosphorylation of specific particulate-associated proteins.

PMID- 9950867
TI  - Modulation of arterial Na+-K+-ATPase-induced [Ca2+]i reduction and relaxation by
      norepinephrine, ET-1, and PMA.
AB  - Na+-K+-ATPase plays a major role in regulating membrane potential and vascular
      tone. We analyzed the modulation by norepinephrine (NE), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and
      phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) of Na+-K+-ATPase-induced cytoplasmic free
      Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) reduction and relaxation in isolated endothelium
      denuded piglet mesenteric arteries. KCl (0.2-8.8 mM)-induced [Ca2+]i reduction
      and relaxation in arteries incubated in K+-free solution were used as functional
      indicators of Na+-K+-ATPase activity. KCl-induced relaxations after exposure to
      K+-free solution were associated with a reduction in [Ca2+]i, as measured by fura
      2 fluorescence. However, KCl reduced [Ca2+]i below resting values, whereas force
      was reduced to near resting values. NE, ET-1, and PMA inhibited the relaxant
      effects of KCl, and this effect was attenuated by the protein kinase C inhibitor
      staurosporine but not by the phospholipase A2 inhibitor quinacrine. However, ET-1
      and PMA potentiated the [Ca2+]i-reducing effect of KCl. In conclusion, ET-1, PMA,
      and NE are functional inhibitors of Na+-K+-ATPase activity in endothelium-denuded
      piglet mesenteric arteries, even when the direct effect on the enzyme activity
      may be stimulatory rather than inhibitory. This can be explained because ET-1,
      PMA, and NE induce Ca2+ sensitization for smooth muscle contraction, and
      therefore relaxations do not parallel the reductions in [Ca2+]i after the
      activation of Na+-K+-ATPase.

PMID- 9950868
TI  - Effect of estrogen on aortic function in postmenopausal women.
AB  - We hypothesized that estrogen may alter aortic elastic properties. The aortic
      pressure-diameter relation was obtained in 20 postmenopausal women, 10 without
      (group 1) and 10 with (group 2) proven coronary artery disease, before and after
      intravenous administration of 10 micrograms of 17beta-estradiol. Instantaneous
      aortic diameter was measured by an intravascular catheter developed in our
      institution simultaneously with aortic pressure at the same aortic level with a
      catheter-tipped micromanometer. At baseline, elastic properties of the aorta were
      decreased in group 2 compared with group 1. Compared with baseline, aortic
      distensibility was increased in both groups (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 for groups 1
      and 2, respectively) after estrogen administration, whereas the pressure-diameter
      loop was shifted downward along a different hypothetical line of elasticity,
      suggesting active changes in the aortic elastic properties. Furthermore, a
      significant reduction in wave reflection was found in both groups (P < 0.001).
      This action may contribute to the beneficial effects of estrogen on the
      cardiovascular system and may have future therapeutic implications in
      postmenopausal women.

PMID- 9950869
TI  - Relative contribution of vasodilator prostanoids and NO to metabolic vasodilation
      in the human forearm.
AB  - Although many factors are thought to contribute to the regulation of metabolic
      vasodilation in skeletal muscle vasculature, recent interest has focused on the
      role of the endothelium. We examined the relative roles of nitric oxide (NO) and
      of vasodilator prostanoids in the control of metabolically induced functional
      hyperemia in the forearm of humans. In 43 healthy volunteers [24 +/- 5 (SD) yr]
      we assessed resting and functional hyperemic blood flow (FHBF) in response to 2
      min of isotonic forearm exercise before and after inhibition of NO and/or
      vasodilator prostanoid production with intra-arterial NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L
      NMMA, 2 mg/min) and aspirin (ASA, 3 mg/min), respectively. Blood flow was
      measured using venous occlusion plethysmography. L-NMMA and ASA decreased resting
      forearm blood flow by 42% (P < 0.0001) and 23% (P < 0.0001), respectively,
      whereas infusion of ASA followed by L-NMMA reduced flow by a further 24% (P <
      0.05). L-NMMA reduced peak FHBF by 18% [from 13.9 +/- 1.0 to 11.4 +/- 1.1 (SE)
      ml. 100 ml forearm-1. min-1, P = 0.003] and the volume "repaid" after 1 and 5 min
      by 25% (8.9 +/- 0.7 vs. 6.7 +/- 0.7 ml/100 ml, P < 0.0001) and 37% (26.6 +/- 1.8
      vs. 16.8 +/- 1.6 ml/100 ml, P < 0.0001). ASA similarly reduced peak FHBF by 19%
      (from 14.5 +/- 1.1 to 11.8 +/- 0.9. 100 ml forearm-1. min-1, P < 0.001) and the
      volume repaid after 1 and 5 min by 14% (7.5 +/- 0. 6 vs. 6.4 +/- 0.6 ml/100 ml, P
      = 0.0001) and 20% (21.2 +/- 1.5 vs. 16.9 +/- 1.5 ml/100 ml, P < 0.0001),
      respectively. The coinfusion of ASA and L-NMMA did not decrease FHBF to a greater
      extent than either agent alone. These data suggest that endothelium-derived NO
      and vasodilator prostanoids contribute to resting blood flow and metabolic
      vasodilation in skeletal muscle vasculature in healthy humans. Although these
      vasodilator mechanisms operate in parallel in exercise-induced hyperemia, they
      appear not to be additive. Other mechanisms must also be operative in metabolic
      vasodilation.

PMID- 9950870
TI  - Nonstressed rat model of acute endotoxemia that unmasks the endotoxin-induced TNF
      alpha response.
AB  - Previous investigators have demonstrated that the tumor necrosis factor-alpha
      (TNF-alpha) response to endotoxin is inhibited by exogenous corticosterone or
      catecholamines both in vitro and in vivo, whereas others have reported that
      surgical and nonsurgical stress increase the endogenous concentrations of these
      stress-induced hormones. We hypothesized that elevated endogenous stress hormones
      resultant from experimental protocols attenuated the endotoxin-induced TNF-alpha
      response. We used a chronically catheterized rat model to demonstrate that the
      endotoxin-induced TNF-alpha response is 10- to 50-fold greater in nonstressed
      (NS) rats compared with either surgical-stressed (SS, laparotomy) or nonsurgical
      stressed (NSS, tail vein injection) models. Compared with the NS group, the SS
      and NSS groups demonstrated significantly lower mean peak TNF-alpha responses at
      2 mg/kg and 6 micrograms/kg endotoxin [NS 111.8 +/- 6.5 ng/ml and 64.3 +/- 5.9
      ng/ml, respectively, vs. SS 3.9 +/- 1.1 ng/ml (P < 0.01) and 1.3 +/- 0.5 ng/ml (P
      < 0.01) or NSS 5.2 +/- 3.2 ng/ml (P < 0.01) at 6 micrograms/kg]. Similarly,
      baseline concentrations of corticosterone and catecholamines were significantly
      lower in the NSS group [84.5 +/- 16.5 ng/ml and 199.8 +/- 26.2 pg/ml,
      respectively, vs. SS group 257. 2 +/- 35.7 ng/ml (P < 0.01) and 467.5 +/- 52.2
      pg/ml (P < 0.01) or NS group 168.6 +/- 14.4 ng/ml (P < 0.01) and 1,109.9 +/-
      140.7 pg/ml (P < 0.01)]. These findings suggest that the surgical and nonsurgical
      stress inherent in experimental protocols increases baseline stress hormones,
      masking the endotoxin-induced TNF-alpha response. Subsequent studies of endotoxic
      shock should control for the effects of protocol-induced stress and should
      measure and report baseline concentrations of corticosterone and catecholamines.

PMID- 9950872
TI  - Downward gradient in action potential duration along conduction path in and
      around the sinoatrial node.
AB  - Regional differences in electrical activity in rabbit sinoatrial node have been
      investigated by recording action potentials throughout the intact node or from
      small balls of tissue from different regions. In the intact node, action
      potential duration was greatest at or close to the leading pacemaker and declined
      markedly in all directions from it, e.g., by 74 +/- 4% (mean +/- SE, n = 4) to
      the crista terminalis. Similar data were obtained from the small balls. The
      gradient is down the conduction pathway and will help prevent reentry. In the
      intact node, a zone of inexcitable tissue with small depolarizations of <25 mV or
      stable resting potentials was discovered in the inferior part of the node, and
      this will again help prevent reentry. The intrinsic pacemaker activity of the
      small balls was slower in tissue from more inferior (as well as more central)
      parts of the node [e.g., cycle length increased from 339 +/- 13 ms (n = 6) to 483
      +/- 13 ms (n = 6) in transitional tissue from more superior and inferior sites],
      and this may help explain pacemaker shift.

PMID- 9950871
TI  - Exercise-induced expression of angiogenesis-related transcription and growth
      factors in human skeletal muscle.
AB  - mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth
      factor-2 (FGF-2), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) subunits HIF-1alpha and HIF
      1beta in human skeletal muscle was studied during endurance exercise at different
      degrees of oxygen delivery. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after 45 min of
      one-legged knee-extension exercise performed under conditions of nonrestricted or
      restricted blood flow (approximately 15-20% lower) at the same absolute workload.
      Exercise increased VEGF mRNA expression by 178% and HIF-1beta by 340%, but not
      HIF-1alpha and FGF-2. No significant differences between the restricted and
      nonrestricted groups were observed. The exercise-induced increase in VEGF mRNA
      was correlated to the exercise changes in HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta mRNA. The
      changes in VEGF, HIF-1alpha, and HIF-1beta mRNAs were correlated to the exercise
      induced increase in femoral venous plasma lactate concentration. It is concluded
      that 1) VEGF but not FGF-2 gene expression is upregulated in human skeletal
      muscle by a single bout of dynamic exercise and that there is a graded response
      in VEGF mRNA expression related to the metabolic stress and 2) the increase in
      VEGF mRNA expression correlates to the changes in both HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta
      mRNA.

PMID- 9950873
TI  - Maintained upregulation of pulmonary eNOS gene and protein expression during
      recovery from chronic hypoxia.
AB  - We previously demonstrated augmented endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO)
      dependent pulmonary arterial dilation and increased arterial endothelial nitric
      oxide synthase (eNOS) levels in chronic hypoxic (CH) and monocrotaline
      (nonhypoxic) models of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Therefore, we
      hypothesized that the long-term elevation of arterial eNOS levels associated with
      CH is related to pulmonary hypertension or some factor(s) associated with
      hypertension and not directly to hypoxia. To test this hypothesis, we examined
      responses to the EDNO-dependent dilator ionomycin in U-46619-constricted,
      isolated, saline-perfused lungs from control rats, CH (4 wk at 380 mmHg) rats,
      and rats previously exposed to CH but returned to normoxia for 4 days or 2 wk.
      Microvascular pressure was assessed by double-occlusion technique, allowing
      calculation of segmental resistances. In addition, vascular eNOS immunoreactivity
      was assessed by quantitative immunohistochemistry, and eNOS mRNA abundance was
      determined by RT-PCR assays. Our findings indicate that 4-day and 2-wk
      posthypoxic rats exhibit persistent pulmonary hypertension, likely due to
      maintained arterial remodeling and polycythemia associated with prior exposure to
      CH. Furthermore, arterial dilation to ionomycin was augmented in lungs from each
      experimental group compared with controls. Finally, arterial eNOS
      immunoreactivity and whole lung eNOS mRNA levels remained elevated in posthypoxic
      animals. These findings suggest that altered vascular mechanical forces or
      vascular remodeling contributes to enhanced EDNO-dependent arterial dilation and
      upregulation of arterial eNOS in various models of established pulmonary
      hypertension.

PMID- 9950874
TI  - Subcellular localization of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 in rat myocardium.
AB  - The Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 isoform is an integral component of cardiac
      intracellular pH homeostasis that is critically important for myocardial
      contractility. To gain further insight into its physiological significance, we
      determined its cellular distribution in adult rat heart by using
      immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. NHE1 was localized predominantly at
      the intercalated disk regions in close proximity to the gap junction protein
      connexin 43 of atrial and ventricular muscle cells. Significant labeling of NHE1
      was also observed along the transverse tubular systems, but not the lateral
      sarcolemmal membranes, of both cell types. In contrast, the Na+-K+-ATPase alpha1
      subunit was readily labeled by a specific mouse monoclonal antibody (McK1) along
      the entire ventricular sarcolemma and intercalated disks and, to a lesser extent,
      in the transverse tubules. These results indicate that NHE1 has a distinct
      distribution in heart and may fulfill specialized roles by selectively regulating
      the pH microenvironment of pH-sensitive proteins at the intercalated disks (e.g.,
      connexin 43) and near the cytosolic surface of sarcoplasmic reticulum cisternae
      (e.g., ryanodine receptor), thereby influencing impulse conduction and excitation
      contraction coupling.

PMID- 9950876
TI  - Central Fos expression in fetal and adult sheep after intraperitoneal hypertonic
      saline.
AB  - We hypothesized that neural structures, involved in sensing extracellular body
      fluid composition in adult animals during an osmotic challenge, would show
      similar patterns of activation in fetal sheep. Eight adult sheep [4 hypertonic
      saline-treated adults (HYP-A), 4 isotonic saline-treated adults] and six near
      term fetal sheep [3 hypertonic saline-treated fetuses (HYP-F), 3 isotonic saline
      treated fetuses; 130 days gestation] were prepared with vascular and
      intraperitoneal catheters. Seventy-five minutes before tissue collection,
      hypertonic (1.5 M) or isotonic saline was infused via an intraperitoneal catheter
      to adult (18 ml/kg) or fetal sheep (6 ml/kg). Brains were examined for patterns
      of neuronal activation (demonstrated by Fos protein expression). HYP-A and HYP-F
      demonstrated similar acute increases in plasma osmolality ( approximately 10
      mosmol/kgH2O) and comparable patterns of Fos expression within the organum
      vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (HYP-A, 67 +/- 2 vs. HYP-F, 63 +/- 6; means
      +/- SE) and hypothalamic supraoptic (SON; HYP-A, 107 +/- 8 vs. HYP-F, 102 +/- 7)
      and paraventricular nuclei (PVN; HYP-A, 71 +/- 18 vs. HYP-F, 124 +/- 19). Fewer
      activated neurons were detected in HYP-A vs. HYP-F within the subfornical organ
      (HYP-A, 33 +/- 8 vs. HYP-F, 91 +/- 17) and median preoptic nucleus (HYP-A, 33 +/-
      5 vs. HYP-F, 70 +/- 6). In adults and fetuses, counterstaining for arginine
      vasopressin revealed that neurons within the SON and PVN respond to osmotic
      challenge. These findings demonstrate that central osmoregulatory centers in
      adult and near-term fetal sheep are similarly activated by osmotic challenge.

PMID- 9950875
TI  - Intracellular gradients of O2 supply to mitochondria in actively respiring single
      cardiomyocyte of rats.
AB  - We demonstrated in a previous study [Takahashi, E., K. Sato, H. Endoh, Z.-L. Xu,
      and K. Doi. Am. J. Physiol. 275 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 44): H225-H233, 1998] that
      significant radial gradients of intracellular PO2 may be produced in an uncoupled
      actively respiring, single isolated cardiomyocyte of the rat. The present study
      was designed to further determine whether such intracellular PO2 gradients can be
      a limiting factor of oxidative metabolism in uncoupled cardiomyocytes. The
      NAD(P)H fluorescence of a single cardiomyocyte was captured by a digital charge
      coupled device camera and quantitated with a subcellular spatial resolution by a
      ratio-imaging technique. In the conditions that we demonstrated significant
      radial PO2 gradients (cells treated with 1 microM carbonyl cyanide m
      chlorophenylhydrazone and superfused with 2.09% or 3.14% O2 gas at 27 degreesC),
      we demonstrated significant augmentation of NAD(P)H fluorescence near the core of
      an individual cell. The heterogeneous fluorescence pattern was not found in the
      control cell, whereas fluorescence intensity averaged over the cell was increased
      by hypoxia. These results suggest the possibility that oxidative phosphorylation
      near the core of actively respiring, uncoupled cardiomyocytes may be severely
      suppressed due to insufficient diffusional oxygen supply (hypoxic core) even if
      regions near the sarcolemma are adequately oxygenated.

PMID- 9950877
TI  - Cadherin-5 redistribution at sites of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma-induced
      permeability in mesenteric venules.
AB  - The response of the endothelial permeability barrier in microvascular networks of
      the rat mesentery to perfused immune inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor
      alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was examined. TNF-alpha (12.5
      U/ml) treatment did not change albumin permeability, but in combination with IFN
      gamma (20 U/ml), there was a marked increase in the number of sites of
      extravascular albumin in postcapillary venules. Endothelial integrity was
      characterized by cadherin-5 immunoreactivity, which was localized to the
      continuous intercellular junctions of endothelium in arterioles, capillaries, and
      venules. Perfusion with the combined cytokines showed that the increased albumin
      permeability was dose dependent and correlated with the focal disorganization of
      cadherin-5 at intercellular junctions of venular endothelium. No correlation was
      found between the increase in albumin permeability and the localization of
      intravascular leukocytes or extravascular mast cells. These results show that the
      combination of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma induces an endothelial phenotype with
      focal loss of cadherin-5 intercellular adhesion, which, in part, facilitates
      passage of blood macromolecules and cells to the interstitium.

PMID- 9950879
TI  - Real-time measurement of cardiac vagal tone in conscious dogs.
AB  - Rapid changes in heart rate are caused by changes in parasympathetic tone. The
      NeuroScope is an electronic device designed to offer an objective real-time
      measure of instantaneous cardiac vagal tone by phase demodulation of a high
      resolution time domain of R-R wave intervals. Data are displayed against an
      arbitrary but linear scale, the cardiac index of parasympathetic activity (CIPA).
      To validate this method, 10 conscious healthy dogs were each given six
      incremental doses of atropine (0.01 mg/kg) to a total dose of 0.06 mg/kg or equal
      volumes of saline. A dose-response curve was constructed. At the maximum dose of
      atropine, CIPA values fell to 1. 3 +/- 0.7% (SD) of baseline, whereas R-R
      intervals fell to 51.5 +/- 11.5% of baseline, and standard deviation of the R-R
      wave interval fell to 10.6 +/- 6.5% of baseline. These findings show that the
      NeuroScope can provide a specific real-time index of cardiac vagal tone in dogs
      without need for recourse to atropine.

PMID- 9950878
TI  - Orally administered NHE1 inhibitor cariporide reduces acute responses to coronary
      occlusion and reperfusion.
AB  - Na+/H+ exchange (NHE) mediates myocardial ischemic and reperfusion injury. We
      examined the effects of dietary administration of the potent and selective NHE1
      inhibitor cariporide on acute responses to coronary artery ligation and
      reperfusion in the anesthetized rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received control
      rat chow or an identical diet containing 3 parts per million of cariporide for 1
      wk before 225 min of occlusion of the left main coronary artery or 45 min of
      occlusion followed by 180 min of reperfusion. Hearts were excised and divided
      into left ventricle, right ventricle, and interventricular septum for analysis of
      NHE1 mRNA expression and apoptosis by staining with terminal deoxynucleotidyl
      transferase-mediated nick end labeling. Ischemia and reperfusion were associated
      with a threefold elevation in NHE1 mRNA expression in control animals that was
      significantly reduced in cariporide-fed rats. Cariporide reduced mortality from
      26% of animals to 0%. The incidence of all arrhythmias was significantly reduced,
      including ventricular fibrillation (from 42 to 0%) and ventricular tachycardia
      (from 81 to 15%), as well as the number of ventricular premature beats (from 70
      +/- 12 to 17 +/- 6). Cariporide moderately reduced apoptosis only in the
      reperfused left ventricle to values not significantly greater than those in sham
      operated animals, and this was associated with a significantly higher ratio of
      Bcl-2 to Bax. This study suggests that NHE inhibition with dietary cariporide
      represents an effective management of acute postinfarction responses.

PMID- 9950880
TI  - Presence of hemoglobin inside aortic endothelial cells after cell-free hemoglobin
      administration in guinea pigs.
AB  - The endothelium is the production site of several potent vasoactive factors that
      contribute to the modulation of the vascular tone. Because hemoglobin-based
      oxygen carriers (HBOC) have been demonstrated to cause vasoconstriction and
      thereby increase arterial pressure by interacting with endothelium-derived
      factors such as nitric oxide and endothelin-1, we hypothesized that hemoglobin
      could penetrate into the endothelial cells. Therefore, we investigated the
      presence of hemoglobin into guinea pig aortic endothelial cells by
      immunohistochemical staining after exchange transfusion with a hemoglobin-based
      oxygen carrier. Despite the large molecular size of HBOC due to chemical
      modifications designed to prevent hemoglobin subunit dissociation and
      extravascular leakage, hemoglobin was detectable by immunohistochemical staining
      into the endothelial cells. These findings suggest that the vascular endothelial
      cells could uptake hemoglobin by endocytosis mechanisms or could help hemoglobin
      to cross the endothelial barrier toward media by transcytosis mechanisms. These
      findings are very important to lead future investigations to the mechanisms by
      which HBOC cause vasoconstriction.

PMID- 9950881
TI  - Blood yield stress in systemic sclerosis.
AB  - Blood is a weak percolating physical gel at low shear rates, in which clusters of
      aggregates can be reversibly disaggregated or formed again. This phenomenon is of
      potential importance in the microvascular pathophysiology of ischemic and
      vasospastic disorders such as systemic sclerosis. The aim of this work was to
      determine blood yield stress using low-shear-rate rheometry with a homemade
      roughened Couette device in 10 patients with systemic sclerosis compared with 10
      healthy controls. Biochemical plasmatic parameters were assessed independently.
      Results showed a significantly increased stress (+56%, P < 0.05 at 60%
      hematocrit) for scleroderma patients. The best biochemical predictor for yield
      stress was the ratio of albumin to globulins; 69% of its variance was explained
      by plasmatic factors (albumin, fibrinogen, and globulins) in scleroderma patients
      and 23.4% in healthy controls. Additional microscopic observations showed
      different microstructures. These results support the hypothesis of an abnormal
      red blood cell organization process in scleroderma patients that could be partly
      responsible for the severity of ischemic complications of the disease.

PMID- 9950882
TI  - Effects of fluoxetine, phentermine, and venlafaxine on pulmonary arterial
      pressure and electrophysiology.
AB  - The anorexic agents dexfenfluramine and fenfluramine plus phentermine have been
      associated with outbreaks of pulmonary hypertension. The fenfluramines release
      serotonin and reduce serotonin reuptake in neurons. They also inhibit potassium
      current (IK), causing membrane potential depolarization in pulmonary arterial
      smooth muscle cells. The recent withdrawal of the fenfluramines has led to the
      use of fluoxetine and phentermine as an alternative anorexic combination. Because
      fluoxetine and venlafaxine reduce serotonin reuptake, we compared the effects of
      these agents with those of phentermine and dexfenfluramine on pulmonary arterial
      pressure, IK, and membrane potential. Fluoxetine, venlafaxine, and phentermine
      caused minimal increases in pulmonary arterial pressure at concentrations < 100
      microM but did cause a dose-dependent inhibition of IK. The order of potency for
      inhibition of IK at +50 mV was fluoxetine > dexfenfluramine = venlafaxine >
      phentermine. Despite the inhibitory effect on IK at more positive membrane
      potentials, fluoxetine, venlafaxine, and phentermine, in contrast to
      dexfenfluramine, had minimal effects on the cell resting membrane potential (all
      at a concentration of 100 microM). However, application of 100 microM fluoxetine
      to cells that had been depolarized to -30 mV by current injection elicited a
      further depolarization of >18 mV. These results suggest that fluoxetine,
      venlafaxine, and phentermine do not inhibit IK at the resting membrane potential.
      Consequently, they may present less risk of inducing pulmonary hypertension than
      the fenfluramines, at least by mechanisms involving membrane depolarization.

PMID- 9950883
TI  - K+-channel blockade inhibits shear stress-induced pulmonary vasodilation in the
      ovine fetus.
AB  - To determine whether K+-channel activation mediates shear stress-induced
      pulmonary vasodilation in the fetus, we studied the hemodynamic effects of K+
      channel blockers on basal pulmonary vascular resistance and on the pulmonary
      vascular response to partial compression of the ductus arteriosus (DA) in
      chronically prepared late-gestation fetal lambs (128-132 days gestation). Study
      drugs included tetraethylammonium (TEA; Ca2+-dependent K+-channel blocker),
      glibenclamide (Glib; ATP-dependent K+-channel blocker), charybdotoxin (CTX;
      preferential high-conductance Ca2+-dependent K+-channel blocker), apamin (Apa;
      low-conductance Ca2+-dependent K+-channel blocker), and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP;
      voltage-dependent K+-channel blocker). Catheters were inserted in the left
      pulmonary artery (LPA) for selective drug infusion and in the main pulmonary
      artery, aorta, and left atrium to measure pressure. An inflatable vascular
      occluder was placed around the DA. LPA flow was measured with an ultrasonic flow
      transducer. Animals were treated with saline, high- or low-dose TEA, Glib, Apa,
      CTX, CTX plus Apa, or 4-AP injected into the LPA. DA compression caused a time
      related decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance in the control, Glib, Apa, CTX,
      CTX plus Apa, and low-dose TEA groups but not in the high-dose TEA and 4-AP
      groups. These data suggest that pharmacological blockade of Ca2+- and voltage
      dependent K+-channel activity but not of low-conductance Ca2+- and ATP-dependent
      K+-channel activity attenuates shear stress-induced fetal pulmonary vasodilation.

PMID- 9950884
TI  - NK1-receptor activation prevents hydrocarbon-induced lung injury in mice.
AB  - Recent evidence suggests that neurokinin (NK)-receptor activation may have a
      protective role in maintaining lung integrity when challenged by airborne
      toxicants such as sulfur dioxide, ozone, acrolein, or hydrocarbons. To
      investigate the effect of NK1-receptor activation on hydrocarbon-induced lung
      injury, B6.A.D. (Ahr d/Nats) mice received subchronic exposures to JP-8 jet fuel
      (JP-8). Lung injury was assessed by the analysis of pulmonary physiology,
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and morphology. Hydrocarbon exposure to target JP-8
      concentrations of 50 mg/m3, with saline treatment, was characterized by enhanced
      respiratory permeability to 99mTc-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid,
      alveolar macrophage toxicity, and bronchiolar epithelial damage. Mice
      administered [Sar9,Met(O2)11]substance P, an NK1-receptor agonist, after each JP
      8 exposure had the appearance of normal pulmonary values and tissue morphology.
      In contrast, endogenous NK1-receptor antagonism by CP-96345 administration
      exacerbated JP-8-enhanced permeability, alveolar macrophage toxicity, and
      bronchiolar epithelial injury. These data indicate that NK1-receptor activation
      may have a protective role in preventing the development of hydrocarbon-induced
      lung injury, possibly through the modulation of bronchiolar epithelial function.

PMID- 9950885
TI  - Alterations in lung expansion affect surfactant protein A, B, and C mRNA levels
      in fetal sheep.
AB  - Obstruction of the fetal trachea is a potent stimulus for fetal lung growth, and
      it has been suggested that this procedure may be used therapeutically to reverse
      lung growth deficits in human fetuses with lung hypoplasia. However, little is
      known about the effects of increased lung expansion on other aspects of lung
      development. Our aim was to determine the effect of increased and decreased lung
      expansion on the mRNA levels encoding surfactant protein (SP) A, SP-B, and SP-C
      in ovine fetal lungs. Lung tissue samples were collected from fetuses exposed to
      2, 4, or 10 days of increased lung expansion caused by tracheal obstruction. The
      mRNA levels for SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C were determined by Northern blot analysis
      with specific ovine cDNA probes; SP-A protein levels were determined by Western
      blot analysis. Compared with age-matched (128-day gestational age) control
      fetuses, SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C mRNA levels in fetal lung tissue were significantly
      reduced at 2 days of tracheal obstruction and remained reduced at 4 and 10 days.
      However, SP-A protein levels were not reduced at 2 days of tracheal obstruction,
      tended to be reduced at 4 days, and were almost undetectable at 10 days. In
      contrast to tracheal obstruction, 7 days of lung liquid drainage significantly
      increased SP-C, but not SP-A, mRNA levels in fetal lung tissue compared with age
      matched control fetuses. Our results demonstrate that increases in fetal lung
      expansion, induced by obstruction of the fetal trachea, cause large simultaneous
      reductions in SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C mRNA levels in the fetal lung as well as a
      decrease in SP-A protein levels. These data suggest that expression of the genes
      encoding SPs in the fetal lung are specifically responsive to the degree of lung
      expansion.

PMID- 9950886
TI  - EGF activates ErbB-2 and stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in human airway
      smooth muscle cells.
AB  - The epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor (EGFR) family includes four homologous
      transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinases, EGFR, ErbB-2, ErbB-3, and ErbB
      4. This receptor family plays a pivotal role in regulating cell proliferation,
      differentiation, and transformation. Ligand-induced activation of these receptors
      results in formation of homo- and heterodimers, which undergo
      transphosphorylation and transactivation. The aim of this study was to
      characterize the role of EGFR family members in signaling EGF-induced human
      airway smooth muscle (HASM) cell proliferation. Here, we show that EGF stimulates
      activation of EGFR and transactivation of ErbB-2 in quiescent HASM cells.
      Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, a critical signaling enzyme that modulates
      HASM cell growth, is preferentially associated with ErbB-2, and EGF-stimulated
      transactivation of ErbB-2 induces PI 3-kinase activation. ErbB-3 and ErbB-4 are
      present in HASM cells; however, EGF has no effect on their activation.
      Betacellulin, a ligand for EGFR, ErbB-3, and ErbB-4, induced DNA synthesis of
      HASM cells and stimulated signaling through the activation of EGFR and ErbB-2 but
      not of ErbB-3 and ErbB-4. Heregulin, a specific ligand for ErbB-3 and ErbB-4, did
      not effect DNA synthesis and did not activate its specific receptors. These data
      suggest that EGF imparts signals that involve activation of ErbB-2 and are
      associated with ErbB-2 PI 3-kinase activation. Despite the mRNA and protein
      expression of all members of the EGFR family, ligand-stimulated signaling induced
      activation of EGFR and ErbB-2 but not of ErbB-3 and ErbB-4.

PMID- 9950887
TI  - Production of interferon-gamma by lung lymphocytes in HIV-infected individuals.
AB  - A CD8(+) lymphocytic alveolitis occurs in up to 60% of asymptomatic human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Early in HIV infection,
      lymphocytes consist predominantly of cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed against HIV
      infected targets. As HIV disease progresses, they are replaced by CD8(+)CD57(+)
      suppressor cells. Virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes secrete interferon-gamma
      (IFN-gamma), an important cytokine in upregulating immune responses, primarily
      through macrophage activation. We examined the ability of lung and blood
      lymphocytes from HIV-positive patients at various stages of HIV infection to
      secrete IFN-gamma spontaneously and in response to phytohemagglutinin A. IFN
      gamma production and secretion were determined with ELISA, Western blot,
      immunoprecipitation, and Northern blot techniques. Lung lymphocytes from HIV
      infected individuals secreted large amounts of IFN-gamma. However, this ability
      was lost in patients with late-stage disease. Correlation between blood and lung
      lymphocyte IFN-gamma secretion was poor, suggesting regional differences in
      lymphocyte function. These data suggest that lung levels of IFN-gamma are high
      until late in HIV disease. These findings support the concept of administering
      exogenous IFN-gamma to patients with late-stage HIV disease and opportunistic
      infections.

PMID- 9950888
TI  - Nitric oxide participates in early events associated with NNMU-induced acute lung
      injury in rats.
AB  - In this study, the biochemical mechanisms by which N-nitroso-N-methylurethane
      (NNMU) induces acute lung injury are examined. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil
      infiltration into the lungs first appears in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
      fluid 24 h after NNMU injection (10.58 +/- 3.00% of total cells; P < 0.05 vs.
      control animals). However, NNMU-induced elevation of the alveolar-arterial O2
      difference requires 72 h to develop. Daily intraperitoneal injections of the
      inducible nitric oxide (. NO) synthase (iNOS)-selective inhibitor aminoguanidine
      (AG) initiated 24 h after NNMU administration improve the survival of NNMU
      treated animals. However, AG administration initiated 48 or 72 h after NNMU
      injection does not significantly improve the survival of NNMU-treated animals.
      These results suggest that. NO participates in events that occur early in NNMU
      induced acute lung injury. BAL cells isolated from rats 24 and 48 h after NNMU
      injection produce elevated. NO and express iNOS during a 24-h ex vivo culture. AG
      attenuates. NO production but does not affect iNOS expression, whereas
      actinomycin D prevents iNOS expression and attenuates. NO production by BAL cells
      during this ex vivo culture. These results suggest that NNMU-derived BAL cells
      can stimulate iNOS expression and. NO production during culture. In 48-h NNMU
      exposed rats, iNOS expression is elevated in homogenates of whole lavaged lungs
      but not in BAL cells derived from the same lung. These findings suggest that the
      pathogenic mechanism by which NNMU induces acute lung injury involves BAL cell
      stimulation of iNOS expression and. NO production in lung tissue.

PMID- 9950889
TI  - Role of neutrophils and alpha1-antitrypsin in coal- and silica-induced connective
      tissue breakdown.
AB  - Mineral dusts produce emphysema, and administration of dust to rats results in
      the rapid appearance of desmosine and hydroxyproline in lavage fluid, confirming
      that dusts directly induce connective tissue breakdown. To examine the role of
      neutrophils and alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1-AT) in this process, we instilled
      silica or coal into normal rats or rats that had been pretreated with antiserum
      against neutrophils. One day after dust exposure, lavage fluid neutrophils and
      desmosine and hydroxyproline levels were all elevated; treatment with antiserum
      against neutrophils reduced neutrophils by 75%, desmosine by 40-50%, and
      hydroxyproline by 25%. By 7 days, lavage fluid neutrophils and desmosine level
      had decreased, whereas macrophages and hydroxyproline level had increased. By
      ELISA analysis, lavage fluid alpha1-AT levels were increased four- to eightfold
      at both times. On Western blot, some of the alpha1-AT appeared as degraded
      fragments, and by HPLC analysis, 5-10% of the methionine residues were oxidized.
      At both times, lavage fluid exhibited considerably elevated serine elastase
      inhibitory capacity and also showed elevations in metalloelastase activity. We
      conclude that, in this model, connective tissue breakdown is initially driven
      largely by neutrophil-derived proteases and that markedly elevated levels of
      functional alpha1-AT do not prevent breakdown, thus providing in vivo support for
      the concept of quantum proteolysis proposed by Liou and Campbell (T. G. Liou and
      E. J. Campbell. Biochemistry 34: 16171-16177, 1995). Macrophage-derived proteases
      may be of increasing importance over time, especially in coal-treated animals.

PMID- 9950890
TI  - Airway synthesis of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid: metabolism by cyclooxygenase
      to a bronchodilator.
AB  - Rabbit airway tissue is a particularly rich source of cytochrome P-4504A protein,
      but very little information regarding the effect(s) of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic
      acid (20-HETE) on bronchial tone is available. Our studies examined the response
      of rabbit bronchial rings to 20-HETE and the metabolism of arachidonic acid and
      20-HETE from airway microsomes. 20-HETE (10(-8) to 10(-6) M) produced a
      concentration-dependent relaxation of bronchial rings precontracted with KCl or
      histamine but not with carbachol. Relaxation to 20-HETE was blocked by
      indomethacin or epithelium removal, consistent with the conversion of 20-HETE to
      a bronchial relaxant by epithelial cyclooxygenase. A cyclooxygenase product of 20
      HETE also elicited relaxation of bronchial rings. [14C]arachidonic acid was
      converted by airway microsomes to products that comigrated with authentic 20-HETE
      (confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as 19- and 20-HETE) and to
      unidentified polar metabolites. [3H]20-HETE was metabolized to indomethacin
      inhibitable products. These data suggest that 20-HETE is an endogenous product of
      rabbit airway tissue and may modulate airway resistance in a cyclooxygenase
      dependent manner.

PMID- 9950891
TI  - Determination of low-molecular-mass antioxidant concentrations in human
      respiratory tract lining fluids.
AB  - Antioxidants present within lung epithelial lining fluids (ELFs) constitute an
      initial line of defense against inhaled environmental oxidants such as ozone,
      nitrogen oxides, and tobacco smoke, but the antioxidant composition of human ELFs
      is still incompletely characterized. We analyzed ELF concentrations of the low
      molecular-mass antioxidants ascorbate, urate, glutathione (GSH), and alpha
      tocopherol by obtaining bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and nasal lavage fluids from
      healthy nonsmoking volunteers and compared two different BAL procedures. ELF
      dilution by the lavage procedures was estimated by measurement of urea in
      recovered BAL fluids in comparison with those in blood plasma from the same
      subjects. The results indicated that a recently developed single-cycle BAL
      procedure minimizes influx of non-ELF urea into the instilled fluid and thus
      allows for a more accurate determination of ELF antioxidant concentrations. Using
      this procedure, we determined that bronchoalveolar ELF contains 40 +/- 18 (SD)
      microM ascorbate, 207 +/- 167 microM urate, 109 +/- 64 microM GSH, and 0.7 +/-
      0.3 microM alpha-tocopherol (n = 12 subjects). Similar analysis of nasal lavage
      fluid yielded nasal ELF levels of 28 +/- 19 microM ascorbate and 225 +/- 105
      microM urate (n = 12 subjects), whereas GSH was undetectable (<0.5 microM). Our
      results demonstrate that ascorbate and urate are major low-molecular-mass ELF
      antioxidants in both the upper and lower respiratory tract, whereas GSH is
      present at significant concentrations only in bronchoalveolar ELF.

PMID- 9950892
TI  - Variable expression of endothelial NO synthase in three forms of rat pulmonary
      hypertension.
AB  - Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) mRNA and protein and NO production
      are increased in hypoxia-induced hypertensive rat lungs, but it is uncertain
      whether eNOS gene expression and activity are increased in other forms of rat
      pulmonary hypertension. To investigate these questions, we measured eNOS mRNA and
      protein, eNOS immunohistochemical localization, perfusate NO product levels, and
      NO-mediated suppression of resting vascular tone in chronically hypoxic (3-4 wk
      at barometric pressure of 410 mmHg), monocrotaline-treated (4 wk after 60 mg/kg),
      and fawn-hooded (6-9 mo old) rats. eNOS mRNA levels (Northern blot) were greater
      in hypoxic and monocrotaline-treated lungs (130 and 125% of control lungs,
      respectively; P < 0.05) but not in fawn-hooded lungs. Western blotting indicated
      that eNOS protein levels increased to 300 +/- 46% of control levels in hypoxic
      lungs (P < 0.05) but were decreased by 50 +/- 5 and 60 +/- 11%, respectively, in
      monocrotaline-treated and fawn-hooded lungs (P < 0.05). Immunostaining showed
      prominent eNOS expression in small neomuscularized arterioles in all groups,
      whereas perfusate NO product levels increased in chronically hypoxic lungs (3.4
      +/- 1.4 microM; P < 0.05) but not in either monocrotaline-treated (0.7 +/- 0.3
      microM) or fawn-hooded (0.45 +/- 0.1 microM) lungs vs. normotensive lungs (0.12
      +/- 0.07 microM). All hypertensive lungs had increased baseline perfusion
      pressure in response to nitro-L-arginine but not to the inducible NOS inhibitor
      aminoguanidine. These results indicate that even though NO activity suppresses
      resting vascular tone in pulmonary hypertension, there are differences among the
      groups regarding eNOS gene expression and NO production. A better understanding
      of eNOS gene expression and activity in these models may provide insights into
      the regulation of this vasodilator system in various forms of human pulmonary
      hypertension.

PMID- 9950893
TI  - Endothelin-1 is elevated in monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - These studies document striking pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to nitric
      oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition in monocrotaline (MCT) pulmonary hypertension in
      rats. This constriction is caused by elevated endothelin (ET)-1 production acting
      on ETA receptors. Isolated, red blood cell plus buffer-perfused lungs from rats
      were studied 3 wk after MCT (60 mg/kg) or saline injection. MCT-injected rats
      developed pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and heightened
      pulmonary vasoconstriction to ANG II and the NOS inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L
      arginine (L-NMMA). In MCT-injected lungs, the magnitude of the pulmonary pressor
      response to NOS inhibition correlated strongly with the extent of pulmonary
      hypertension. Pretreatment of isolated MCT-injected lungs with combined ETA (BQ
      123) plus ETB (BQ-788) antagonists or ETA antagonist alone prevented the L-NMMA
      induced constriction. Addition of ETA antagonist reversed established L-NMMA
      induced constriction; ETB antagonist did not. ET-1 concentrations were elevated
      in MCT-injected lung perfusate compared with sham-injected lung perfusate, but ET
      1 levels did not differ before and after NOS inhibition. NOS inhibition enhanced
      hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in both sham- and MCT-injected lungs, but the
      enhancement was greater in MCT-injected lungs. Results suggest that in MCT
      pulmonary hypertension, elevated endogenous ET-1 production acting through ETA
      receptors causes pulmonary vasoconstriction that is normally masked by endogenous
      NO production.

PMID- 9950894
TI  - Pirfenidone inhibits PDGF isoforms in bleomycin hamster model of lung fibrosis at
      the translational level.
AB  - Pirfenidone (PD) is known for its antifibrotic effects in the bleomycin (BL)
      hamster model of lung fibrosis. We evaluated whether pretreatment of hamsters
      with PD could influence the effects of BL-induced overexpression of platelet
      derived growth factor (PDGF)-A and PDGF-B genes and proteins in the same model of
      lung fibrosis. We demonstrate elevated levels of PDGF-A and PDGF-B mRNAs in
      bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from lungs of BL-treated compared with saline
      control hamsters by RT-PCR analysis. However, these levels were not altered in
      BAL cells obtained from BL-treated hamsters on diets containing 0.5% PD. Western
      blot analysis of BAL fluid for PDGF isoforms demonstrated that PD treatment
      inhibited the synthesis of both PDGF-A and PDGF-B isoforms. PD treatment also
      decreased the mitogenic activity in the BAL fluid from BL-treated hamster lungs.
      Taken together, these data provide evidence that the protective effects of PD
      against BL-induced lung fibrosis may be mediated by a reduction in PDGF isoforms
      produced by lung macrophages.

PMID- 9950895
TI  - Identification of glucocorticoid-responsive elements that control transcription
      of rat glutamine synthetase.
AB  - Basal expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) is very low in rat lung and muscle
      and remarkably enhanced by glucocorticoid hormones during trauma and catabolic
      states. Although this response is believed to be transcriptionally regulated, the
      genetic elements responsible for tissue-specific glucocorticoid induction of GS
      expression have not been identified. A rat lung epithelial cell line (L2) and a
      glucocorticoid receptor-deficient human prostate cancer cell line (PC3), together
      with GS reporter gene constructs, were utilized in gene transfer experiments to
      identify two regions within the rat genomic clone gGS3 that imparted
      dexamethasone (Dex) responsiveness to both the homologous GS promoter and the
      heterologous herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter in glucocorticoid
      receptor-dependent fashions. One region lies nearly 6 kb upstream of the GS
      transcription initiation site, and the other lies within the first intron of the
      GS gene. Dex responsiveness was localized to a 325-bp fragment of the intron
      region containing a canonical glucocorticoid response element and to a 225-bp
      fragment of the far-upstream region containing three separate glucocorticoid
      response element half-sites. The GS promoter exhibited relatively high basal
      activity that was repressed by inclusion of the far-upstream or the intron
      glucocorticoid-responsive region. Dex treatment negated this repression. A model
      is suggested in which the glucocorticoid-receptor unit causes derepression of
      lung and muscle GS transcription during trauma and catabolic states.

PMID- 9950896
TI  - O3-induced inflammation in prepregnant, pregnant, and lactating rats correlates
      with O3 dose estimated by 18O.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that rats late in pregnancy and throughout lactation
      are more susceptible to ozone (O3)-induced pulmonary inflammation than are
      prepregnant (virgin) or postlactating rats. The major aim of the present study
      was to determine whether these differences in response intensity could be
      accounted for by the O3 dose to the lower region of the lung. The relative O3
      dose to the lower lung of groups of pregnant, lactating, and virgin female rats
      was estimated by measuring the incorporation of the 18O isotope into low-speed
      (cells) and high-speed (surfactant) pellets of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
      immediately after acute exposure to 0.5-1.1 parts/million 18O3. The
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) and protein inflammatory responses were
      established 20 h after acute exposure of identical physiological groups to 0.5
      1.1 parts/million 16O3 (common isotope). A single regression of PMN inflammation
      data against surfactant 18O concentration for all physiological groups gave a
      linear relationship, indicating direct proportionality of PMN inflammation with
      this estimate of relative dose to the lower lung regardless of physiological
      status. This implies that the chemical species that react with surfactant
      molecules, i.e., O3 or its metabolites, are the same as or proportional to those
      chemical species responsible for initiating PMN inflammation. Additional
      experiments showed that lung tissue ascorbic acid concentration was significantly
      lower in pregnant and lactating rats than in virgin female rats. Although a
      causative relationship cannot be assumed, the deficit in tissue ascorbic acid
      concentration in pregnant and lactating rats compared with virgin female rats is
      consistent with their greater responsiveness and higher relative surfactant O3
      dose.

PMID- 9950897
TI  - Proline in vasoactive peptides: consequences for peptide hydrolysis in the lung.
AB  - To examine the hypothesis that trans isomers of bradykinin and [Gly6]bradykinin
      are preferentially hydrolyzed by lung peptidases, we studied the fractional
      inactivation of these peptides in the perfused rat lung using a bioassay after a
      single-pass bolus injection and high-performance liquid chromatography after lung
      recirculation. In the bioassay studies, when the peptides passed through the
      lung, 25.6-fold more bradykinin or 7-fold more [Gly6]bradykinin was required to
      elicit a contraction equivalent to that produced when the peptides did not pass
      through the lung. In the recirculation studies, hydrolysis progress curves with
      rapid and slow phases were observed, with a higher fraction of bradykinin than
      [Gly6]bradykinin hydrolyzed in the rapid phase. Cyclophilin increased the
      hydrolysis rate during the slow phase for both peptides. Kinetic analysis
      indicated that the slowly hydrolyzed peptide fraction, presumably the cis
      fraction, was 0.13 for bradykinin and 0.43 for [Gly6]bradykinin with cis-trans
      isomerization rate constants of 0.074 and 0.049 s-1, respectively, consistent
      with published nuclear magnetic resonance studies.

PMID- 9950898
TI  - Effect of azelastine on platelet-activating factor-induced microvascular leakage
      in rat airways.
AB  - To determine the effect of the antiallergic drug azelastine on airway mucosal
      inflammation, we studied airway microvascular permeability in response to
      platelet-activating factor (PAF) in pathogen-free rats. Vascular permeability and
      neutrophil accumulation were assessed by the percent area occupied by Monastral
      blue-labeled blood vessels and by myeloperoxidase-containing granulocytes,
      respectively, in whole mounts of the trachea and main bronchus. Intravenous PAF
      caused dose-dependent increases in the area density of Monastral blue-labeled
      vessels and neutrophil influx, and the former effect was inhibited by depletion
      of circulating neutrophils by cyclophosphamide or treatment with the neutrophil
      elastase inhibitor ONO-5046. Pretreatment with azelastine inhibited PAF-induced
      vascular leakage without affecting neutrophil accumulation. This inhibitory
      effect of azelastine was not seen in neutropenic rats and ONO-5046-treated rats.
      PAF increased neutrophil elastase contents in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, an
      effect that was inhibited by azelastine. Therefore, azelastine attenuates PAF
      induced airway mucosal microvascular leakage, probably involving inhibition of
      the release of neutrophil elastase from activated neutrophils.

PMID- 9950899
TI  - Chronic hypoxia augments endothelin-B receptor-mediated vasodilation in isolated
      perfused rat lungs.
AB  - To investigate whether chronic hypoxia affects endothelin-B (ETB) receptor
      mediated pulmonary vasodilation, we compared the vasodilator responses to IRL
      1620, a selective ETB-receptor agonist, in isolated perfused lungs from normoxic
      and chronically hypoxic adult male rats. IRL-1620 caused a dose-dependent
      vasodilation that was greater in the hypertensive lungs than in the normotensive
      lungs. In normotensive lungs, a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, Nomega
      nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA; 300 microM), and an ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP)
      channel inhibitor, glibenclamide (Glib; 10 microM), each reduced the vasodilator
      response to IRL-1620 (1 nM), but the combination of L-NNA and Glib inhibited it
      more effectively than either drug alone. In contrast, L-NNA alone, but not Glib
      alone, completely blocked IRL-1620-induced vasodilation in hypertensive lungs.
      The vasodilator response to a KATP-channel opener, NIP-121 (1 microM), but not
      the response to sodium nitroprusside (1 microM), was enhanced in hypertensive
      lungs. We also found increased expression of mRNA for the ETB receptor in lung
      tissue after hypoxic exposure. In addition, semiquantitative immunohistochemistry
      demonstrated higher expression levels of ETB receptors in the endothelium of
      distal segments of the pulmonary artery in hypoxic than in normoxic rats. These
      results suggest that ETB receptor-mediated pulmonary vasodilation is augmented
      after chronic hypoxic exposure and that release of NO may be the sole mechanism
      of this vasodilation in hypertensive lungs, whereas both release of NO and
      activation of KATP channels are involved in normotensive lungs. We speculate that
      the underlying mechanism responsible for this augmentation may partly be related
      to upregulation of ETB receptors in the endothelium of pulmonary resistance
      arteries in hypertensive lungs.

PMID- 9950901
TI  - Exocytosis in alveolar type II cells revealed by cell capacitance and
      fluorescence measurements.
AB  - Measurement of lamellar body (LB) exocytosis at high spatial and temporal
      resolution was recently enabled by fluorescence of the dye FM 1-43 (FFM1-43).
      Here, the capabilities of this method were further examined and extended by
      simultaneous measurement of the cell membrane capacitance (Cm) and laser-scanning
      confocal microscopy. Step increases in Cm were evoked by extracellular ATP (20
      microM) or an elevated pipette Ca2+ concentration (>/=3 microM). The delay
      between the first Cm step and the increase in FFM1-43 was <1 s, indicating ready
      access of FM 1-43 to exocytosed LB contents. A specific Cm of 0.88 microF/cm2 for
      the membrane of an exocytosed LB was calculated. Compound exocytosis was
      occasionally observed. Decreases in Cm, indicative of transient fusion or
      endocytosis, did not occur within 20 min of stimulation. Exocytosis was
      stimulated by 160 microM guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) in the pipette, but
      compound exocytosis was unaffected. The comparison of methods revealed that FM 1
      43 is ideally suited to measure the onset of exocytosis and amount of secretion.
      Patch clamp is superior in resolving fusion events with the plasma membrane.

PMID- 9950900
TI  - EMAP II: a modulator of neovascularization in the developing lung.
AB  - Neovascularization is a key regulatory process in fetal growth and development.
      Although factors promoting growth and development of the pulmonary vasculature
      have been investigated, nothing is known regarding the molecular mechanisms that
      may counteract these stimuli. Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide (EMAP)
      II has recently been identified as an antiangiogenic factor in tumor vascular
      development. We postulated that EMAP II is a putative negative modulator of lung
      vascular growth. EMAP II mRNA and protein decrease fivefold (P < 0.01) as the
      developing lungs in the fetal mouse progress from having poor vascularization
      (day 14) to having complete vascular development at term (day 18.5). EMAP II
      protein expression continues to remain low throughout postnatal life and into
      adulthood, with the exception of a surge that correlates with microvascular
      maturation. Furthermore, through the use of in situ hybridization and
      immunohistochemistry, EMAP II is localized throughout the lung, with significant
      expression in the submyoepithelial area during the early stages of lung
      development when there is minimal vascular development. In contrast, EMAP II is
      distributed around the large vessels during the end of vascular development,
      suggesting that EMAP II modulates the neovascularization process. We speculate
      that EMAP II is a director of neovascularization in the developing lung.

PMID- 9950902
TI  - Nitric oxide synthase isoform expression in the developing lung epithelium.
AB  - Nitric oxide (NO), generated by NO synthase (NOS), is an important mediator of
      physiological processes in the airway and lung parenchyma, and there is evidence
      that the pulmonary expression of the endothelial isoform of NOS (eNOS) is
      developmentally regulated. The purpose of the present study was to delineate the
      cellular distribution of expression of eNOS in the developing respiratory
      epithelium and to compare it with inducible (iNOS) and neuronal (nNOS) NOS.
      Immunohistochemistry was performed on fetal (125-135 days gestation, term 144
      days), newborn (2-4 wk), and maternal sheep lungs. In fetal lung, eNOS expression
      was evident in bronchial and proximal bronchiolar epithelia but was absent in
      terminal and respiratory bronchioles and alveolar epithelium. Similar to eNOS,
      iNOS was detected in bronchial and proximal bronchiolar epithelia but not in
      alveolar epithelium. However, iNOS was also detected in terminal and respiratory
      bronchioles. nNOS was found in epithelium at all levels including the alveolar
      wall. iNOS and nNOS were also detected in airway and vascular smooth muscle. The
      cellular distribution of all three isoforms was similar in fetal, newborn, and
      adult lungs. Findings in the epithelium were confirmed by isoform-specific
      reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays and NADPH diaphorase
      histochemistry. Thus the three NOS isoforms are commonly expressed in proximal
      lung epithelium and are differentially expressed in distal lung epithelium. All
      three isoforms may be important sources of epithelium-derived NO throughout lung
      development.

PMID- 9950903
TI  - Antenatal steroids decrease blood-brain barrier permeability in the ovine fetus.
AB  - Antenatal corticosteroid therapy reduces the incidence of intraventricular
      hemorrhage in premature infants. Enhanced microvascular integrity might provide
      protection against intraventricular hemorrhage. In the adult, there is evidence
      to suggest that the blood-brain barrier may be under hormonal control. We
      hypothesized that antenatal corticosteroids decrease blood-brain barrier
      permeability in the preterm ovine fetus. Chronically instrumented 120-day
      gestation fetuses were studied 12 h after the last of four 6-mg dexamethasone (n
      = 5) or placebo (n = 6) injections had been given over 48 h to the ewes. Blood
      brain barrier function was quantified with the blood-to-brain transfer constant
      (Ki) for alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). Ki was significantly lower across
      brain regions in the fetuses of ewes that received antenatal dexamethasone
      compared with placebo (ANOVA; interaction, F = 2.54, P < 0.004). In fetuses of
      dexamethasone- and placebo-treated ewes, Ki (microliter . g brain wt-1. min-1,
      mean +/- SD) was, respectively, 2.43 +/- 0.27 vs. 3.41 +/- 0.74 in the cortex,
      4.46 +/- 0.49 vs. 5.29 +/- 0.85 in the cerebellum, and 3.70 +/- 0.49 vs. 5.11 +/-
      0.70 in the medulla. We conclude that antenatal treatment with corticosteroids
      reduces blood-brain permeability in the ovine fetus.

PMID- 9950904
TI  - GABA-mediated inhibition of raphe pallidus neurons regulates sympathetic outflow
      to brown adipose tissue.
AB  - Sympathetic nerve activity to brown adipose tissue (BAT) regulates adipocyte
      metabolism of its stored lipid fuel and thus the thermogenesis in BAT. To
      determine if the discharge of neurons in the rostral raphe pallidus (RPa) can
      influence BAT thermogenesis, changes in sympathetic nerve activity to BAT were
      recorded after microinjection (60 nl) of the GABAA receptor antagonist
      bicuculline (500 microM) into the RPa in chloralose-urethan-anesthetized,
      ventilated rats. Bicuculline caused a large, rapid rise in the sympathetic nerve
      activity to BAT (which had also increased during acute hypothermia) from very
      low, normothermic control levels to maximum values (mean: 1,949 +/- 604% control;
      n = 13) after 4-6 min. The sympathetic nerve discharge to BAT had a mean burst
      frequency (3. 5 +/- 0.3 Hz) that was significantly less than the heart rate (7.3
      +/- 0.2 beats/min), and it was not inhibited during baroreceptor reflex
      activation. Bicuculline-stimulated increases in the sympathetic nerve activity to
      BAT and cold-evoked increases in neuronal fos expression were localized to the
      RPa at the level of the caudal half of the facial nucleus. This dramatic increase
      in sympathetic nerve activity to BAT after disinhibition of neurons in rostral
      RPa is consistent with a major role for RPa neurons, perhaps as sympathetic
      premotoneurons for BAT, in medullary control of BAT thermogenesis.

PMID- 9950905
TI  - Light masking of circadian rhythms of heat production, heat loss, and body
      temperature in squirrel monkeys.
AB  - Whole body heat production (HP) and heat loss (HL) were examined to determine
      their relative contributions to light masking of the circadian rhythm in body
      temperature (Tb). Squirrel monkey metabolism (n = 6) was monitored by both
      indirect and direct calorimetry, with telemetered measurement of body temperature
      and activity. Feeding was also measured. Responses to an entraining light-dark
      (LD) cycle (LD 12:12) and a masking LD cycle (LD 2:2) were compared. HP and HL
      contributed to both the daily rhythm and the masking changes in Tb. All variables
      showed phase-dependent masking responses. Masking transients at L or D
      transitions were generally greater during subjective day; however, L masking
      resulted in sustained elevation of Tb, HP, and HL during subjective night.
      Parallel, apparently compensatory, changes of HL and HP suggest action by both
      the circadian timing system and light masking on Tb set point. Furthermore,
      transient HL increases during subjective night suggest that gain change may
      supplement set point regulation of Tb.

PMID- 9950906
TI  - Upregulation of M-creatine kinase and glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase:
      two markers of muscle disuse.
AB  - Muscle disuse induces substantial alterations in the highly plastic skeletal
      muscle tissues, which occur especially in antigravity slow muscles. We
      differentially screened a muscle cDNA array to identify modifications in gene
      profile expression induced in slow rat soleus muscle mechanically unloaded by
      hindlimb suspension as a model for muscle disuse. This study focused on muscle
      creatine kinase mRNA and protein and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      mRNA, which were found to be upregulated in unweighted muscles. These
      upregulations were analyzed over a 4-wk time course of hindlimb suspension and
      compared with variations in myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms while specifically
      focusing on type IIx MHC mRNA and protein. The two metabolic marker upregulations
      clearly preceded IIx MHC contractile protein upregulation. Muscle creatine kinase
      upregulation was shown to be an excellent, and the earliest, marker of muscle
      disuse at mRNA and protein levels.

PMID- 9950907
TI  - Chronic hypercapnia resets CO2 sensitivity of avian intrapulmonary
      chemoreceptors.
AB  - Avian intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPC) are vagal sensory neurons that
      participate in the control of breathing. IPC action potential frequency is
      inversely proportional to PCO2, but it is unclear whether low PCO2 or high pH is
      the immediate stimulus for signal transduction in IPC. To address this question,
      comparisons were made between single cell neural responses of 34 IPC recorded in
      6 anesthetized ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) acclimatized 12 days to 7.5% inspired
      CO2 and 22 IPC recorded in 9 normal anesthetized ducks. We hypothesized that if
      respiratory-linked pH changes determine IPC activity, action potential frequency
      as a function of inspiratory PCO2 (PICO2) should be greater after acclimatization
      due to metabolic acid-base compensation and higher pH. Conversely, if PCO2 alone
      determines IPC discharge, action potential frequency vs. PCO2 should be unchanged
      by acclimatization. Results indicate that after acclimatization ventilation was
      depressed at 28 and 42 Torr PICO2 (P < 0.05) and mean plasma pH at 40 Torr PCO2
      increased from 7.38 +/- 0. 03 to 7.56 +/- 0.02 (P < 0.05), indicating significant
      metabolic acid-base compensation and HCO-3 retention. Mean IPC discharge rate was
      elevated by CO2 acclimatization at all PCO2 studied. In acclimatized vs. normal
      animals, regression analysis of IPC discharge as a function of lnPCO2 showed
      increased mean intercepts of 81.1 +/- 4.0 vs. 48.4 +/- 3.6 impulses/s (P < 0.05)
      and increased mean slopes of -19.0 +/- 1.0 vs. -12.0 +/- 1.1 impulses. s-1.
      lnPCO2-1 (P < 0.05). Results indicate that IPC response to CO2 is mediated by H+
      from CO2 hydration and not by CO2 directly.

PMID- 9950909
TI  - Excitation-induced Ca2+ uptake in rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - In isolated rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle mounted for isometric
      contractions, chronic low-frequency electrical stimulation was found to lead to
      an increased uptake of 45Ca (154% above control after 240 min) and a progressive
      accumulation of Ca2+ (85% above control after 240 min). In soleus, however, this
      treatment led to a small, but significant, increase in 45Ca uptake (30% above
      control after 180 min) but no significant accumulation of Ca2+. In muscles
      mounted for isotonic contractions without any external load, electrical
      stimulation gave rise to a larger 45Ca uptake and accumulation of Ca2+ in both
      EDL and soleus. These uptakes of Ca2+ coincided with an accumulation of Na+.
      During isometric or isotonic contractions, stimulation at 40 Hz increased the
      initial (60 s) rate of 45Ca uptake in soleus muscle 15- and 30-fold,
      respectively. The stimulation-induced increase in 45Ca uptake was only reduced by
      17% by the Ca2+-channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil but was blocked by
      tetrodotoxin. The initial rate of stimulation-induced 22Na and 45Ca uptake was
      correlated (r = 0.80; P < 0.003). Stimulation of Na+ channels with veratridine
      increased 45Ca uptake by 93 and 139% in soleus and EDL, respectively (P < 0.001),
      effects that were abolished by tetrodotoxin. The results indicate that in
      skeletal muscle, excitation induces a considerable influx of Ca2+, mediated by
      Na+ channels.

PMID- 9950908
TI  - CCK-A receptor antagonists have selective effects on nutrient-induced food intake
      suppression in rats.
AB  - To provide additional support to the hypothesis that only dietary protein (Pro;
      chicken egg albumin) and not amino acids (AA; patterned after albumin),
      carbohydrates (CHO; cornstarch), or fats (Fat; corn oil) produces a satiating
      effect via CCK receptors, two CCK-A receptor antagonists (PD-140,548 and
      devazepide) were coadministered with each nutrient. Given alone [4 ml
      intragastrically (ig)] Pro (1.0 g), AA (1.0 g), CHO (1.4 g), and Fat (2.4 g)
      suppressed (P < 0.05) food intake on average during the first 2 h of feeding by
      1.4 (36%), 1.5 (48%), 1.0 (33%), and 1.2 g (41%), respectively. Devazepide (0.5
      mg/kg) and PD-140,548 (1.0 mg/kg) given alone increased food intake during 0-2 h
      by 0.7 g (18%) and during 0-1 h by 0.5 g (15%), respectively. When coadministered
      with PD-140,548 (1.0 mg/kg ip), the suppression of food intake caused by Pro was
      modulated during 0-2 h by 57% (Pro x drug interaction, P < 0.05), but AA-, CHO-,
      and Fat-induced suppression of feeding was not affected (nutrient x drug
      interaction, P > 0.05). Devazepide (0.5 mg/kg ip) did not modulate AA-, CHO-, and
      Fat-induced food intake suppression during any time period (nutrient x drug
      interaction, P > 0.05). These studies provide additional evidence that CCK-A
      receptors play a role in Pro (albumin) but not AA-, CHO (cornstarch)-, or Fat
      (corn oil)-induced food intake suppression in rats.

PMID- 9950910
TI  - Altered fetal cardiovascular responses to prolonged hypoxia after sinoaortic
      denervation.
AB  - This study examines the role of the peripheral chemoreceptors in mediating fetal
      cardiovascular responses to prolonged hypoxia secondary to reduced uterine blood
      flow (RUBF). Fetal sheep were chronically instrumented for continuous heart rate
      (FHR), blood pressure (FBP), and carotid blood flow (CBF) measurements after
      bilateral sectioning of the carotid sinus and vagus nerves (denervated, n = 7) or
      sham denervation (intact, n = 7). Four days postoperatively, uterine blood flow
      was mechanically restricted, reducing fetal arterial oxygen saturation by 47.3%
      (P < 0.01). An initial bradycardia was observed in intact (184.0 +/- 10.7 to
      160.5 +/- 10.7 beats/min, not significant) but not denervated fetuses, followed
      by a tachycardia (180.0 +/- 2.2 to 193.7 +/- 2.7 beats/min, P < 0.05). FHR
      increased in denervated fetuses (175.5 +/- 8.7 to 203. 0 +/- 17.9 beats/min, P <
      0.05). FBP increased transiently in intact fetuses from 45.1 +/- 1.0 to 55.4 +/-
      3.0 mmHg at 2 h (P < 0.01), whereas denervated fetuses demonstrated a decrease in
      FBP from 47.1 +/- 4.2 to 37.2 +/- 3.7 mmHg (not significant). CBF increased (P <
      0. 05) in both intact and denervated fetuses from 39.3 +/- 2.8 and 29.7 +/- 3.8
      ml. min-1. kg-1 to 47.7 +/- 0.4 and 39.1 +/- 0.3 ml. min-1. kg-1, respectively,
      whereas carotid vascular resistance decreased only in denervated fetuses (1.7 +/-
      0.1 to 1.1 +/- 0.02 mmHg. ml-1. min. kg-1, P < 0.05). We conclude that the
      peripheral chemoreceptors play an important role in mediating fetal
      cardiovascular responses to prolonged RUBF.

PMID- 9950911
TI  - Oxygen binding and its allosteric control in hemoglobin of the pulmonate snail,
      Biomphalaria glabrata.
AB  - Pulmonate snails that experience extreme variations in gas tensions and
      temperatures possess extracellular, high-molecular mass ( approximately 1.7 x
      10(6) Da) hemoglobins (Hbs) that are little known as regards oxygenation and
      allosteric characteristics. Biomphalaria glabrata hemolymph exhibits a high O2
      affinity (half-saturation O2 tension = 6.1 mmHg; pH 7.7, 25 degreesC), pronounced
      Bohr effect (Bohr factor = -0.5), and pH-dependent cooperativity (Hill's
      cooperativity coefficient at half-saturation = 1.1-2.0). Divalent cations
      increase O2 affinity, Ca2+ exerting greater effect than Mg2+. Analyses in terms
      of the Monod-Wyman-Changeux model indicate novel O2 affinity control mechanisms.
      In contrast to vertebrate Hb, where organic phosphates and protons lower affinity
      via decreased O2 association equilibrium constant of Hb in low-affinity state
      (KT), and to extracellular annelid Hbs, where protons and cations primarily
      modulate O2 association equilibrium constant of Hb in high-affinity state (KR),
      in B. glabrata Hb, the Bohr effect is mediated predominantly via KR and the
      cation effect via KT, reflecting preferential, oxygenation-linked proton binding
      to oxygenated Hb and cation binding to deoxygenated Hb. CO2 has no specific (pH
      independent) effect. Nonlinear van't Hoff plots show temperature dependence of
      the overall heats of oxygenation, indicating oxy-deoxy heat capacity differences.
      The findings are related to possible physiological significance in pond habitats.

PMID- 9950912
TI  - Neutralization of TNF does not influence endotoxininduced changes in thyroid
      hormone metabolism in humans.
AB  - To determine the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in endotoxin-induced changes
      in plasma thyroid hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations,
      24 healthy postabsorptive humans were studied on a control study day (n = 6),
      after infusion of a recombinant TNF receptor IgG fusion protein (TNFR:Fc; 6
      mg/m2; n = 6) after intravenous injection of endotoxin (2 ng/kg; n = 6), or after
      administration of endotoxin with TNFR:Fc (n = 6). Administration of TNFR:Fc alone
      did not affect thyroid hormone or TSH levels when compared with the control day.
      Endotoxin induced a transient rise in plasma TNF activity (1.5 h: 219 +/- 42
      pg/ml), which was completely prevented by TNFR:Fc (P < 0.05). After endotoxin
      administration, plasma L-thyroxine (T4), free T4, 3,5, 3'-triiodothyronine (T3),
      and TSH were lower and 3,3', 5'-triiodothyronine was higher than on the control
      day (all P < 0. 05). Coinfusion of TNFR:Fc with endotoxin did not influence these
      endotoxin-induced changes. Our results suggest that endogenous TNF does not play
      an important role in the alterations in plasma thyroid hormone and TSH
      concentrations induced by mild endotoxemia in healthy humans.

PMID- 9950914
TI  - Effect of diet on the response to leptin in the marsupial Sminthopsis
      crassicaudata.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine in the marsupial Sminthopsis crassicaudata
      1) the effect of leptin on food intake, body fat stores, and metabolism and 2)
      whether leptin can prevent a diet-induced increase in adiposity. In response to
      21 days of feeding with mealworms (2.99 kcal/g, 30% fat), body weight (P < 0.
      0001) and tail width (P < 0.0001) increased, compared with control animals fed
      with laboratory diet (1.01 kcal/g, 20% fat). Subsequently, S. crassicaudata were
      randomly allocated to receive either laboratory diet or a choice between
      laboratory diet and mealworms. For 13 days, one-half of the animals in each
      dietary group received intraperitoneal human leptin (2.5 mg/kg twice daily),
      while the other one-half received phosphate-buffered saline. In animals receiving
      laboratory diet alone, leptin induced a decrease in body weight (P < 0.0001),
      tail width (P < 0.0001), and energy intake (P < 0.01). In animals receiving both
      laboratory diet and mealworms, leptin had no effect on body weight or tail width,
      although the proportion of laboratory diet eaten was reduced (P = 0. 0001), and
      there was a nonsignificant fall in overall energy intake (P = 0.07). We conclude
      that in S. crassicaudata, 1) a high-calorie, higher-fat diet induces an increase
      in adiposity and 2) leptin induces weight loss, but 3) an increase in dietary
      calories and fat content is associated with resistance to the actions of leptin.

PMID- 9950913
TI  - Isolation of viable cell types from the gill epithelium of Japanese eel Anguilla
      japonica.
AB  - High-purity viable cells with low mitochondria (pavement cells) and mitochondria
      rich content (chloride cells) were successfully isolated from the gill epithelium
      of Japanese eels, using three-step Percoll gradient low-speed centrifugation.
      Cytochemistry (silver staining for chloride, rhodamine-123, and Mitotracker for
      mitochondria and actin/spectrin immunofluorescence) and scanning electron
      microscope images were used to identify the cell types in the gill epithelium of
      the eel. Pavement cells were isolated at 97 and 98% purity for freshwater- and
      seawater-adapted eels, respectively, and chloride cells were obtained at 89 and
      92% purity. The enzymatic activities of the isolated cells were determined. Na+
      K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, and succinate dehydrogenase were found mainly in the
      chloride cell. Alkaline Ca2+-ATPase and low- and high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase were
      about twice as high in the chloride cell compared with the pavement cell.
      Transfer of eels to seawater resulted in enlargement of chloride cell sizes and
      significant increases in Na+-K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, and succinate dehydrogenase
      activities, while all Ca2+-ATPases declined by approximately 60-80%. This is the
      first report demonstrating the successful isolation of freshwater chloride cells
      and also an exclusive method of getting high-purity seawater chloride cells. The
      isolated cells are viable and suitable for further cytological and molecular
      studies to elucidate the mechanisms of ionic transport.

PMID- 9950915
TI  - Arcuate NPY neurons and energy homeostasis in diet-induced obese and resistant
      rats.
AB  - The neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus regulate and
      are regulated by short-term changes in energy homeostasis. Both outbred and
      inbred strains of rats that develop diet-induced obesity (DIO) or are diet
      resistant (DR) when fed a diet relatively high in energy, fat, and sucrose
      content (HE diet) were used to study arcuate NPY mRNA expression during long-term
      changes in energy balance. Outbred, chow-fed obesity-prone rats had 59% higher
      NPY levels than obesity-resistant rats. After 14 wk on HE diet, DIO rats had 17%
      lower NPY levels than DR rats made comparably obese on a highly palatable diet.
      When switched to chow, obese DR rats spontaneously reduced their intake and their
      body weights fell to control levels in association with a 10% decrease in NPY
      levels. DIO rats lost weight only with energy restriction associated with a 21%
      increase in their NPY levels. When again fed ad libitum, the weight and NPY
      levels in the rats returned to those of unrestricted DIO rats. Chow-fed, inbred
      DIO rats weigh more and are fatter than age-matched inbred DR rats. As with
      outbred DIO rats fed the HE diet, inbred DIO rats had 20% lower NPY levels than
      DR rats. Thus preobese, outbred DIO rats have high levels of NPY message that are
      not susceptible to metabolic regulation. When obesity develops in both inbred and
      outbred rats, the levels of NPY mRNA fall but become responsive to alterations in
      energy availability.

PMID- 9950916
TI  - Electrophysiological and behavioral studies on taste effectiveness of alcohols in
      rats.
AB  - Electrophysiological and behavioral studies were performed in rats to analyze the
      gustatory effects of alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, 1
      propanol, 2-propanol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propandiol, and glycerin. When the
      whole bundle responses to each of the alcohols at 1.0 M were recorded from the
      chorda tympani (CT) and glossopharyngeal nerve (Gl), the alcohols with two or
      three hydroxyl groups elicited larger responses than the other alcohols in both
      nerves. Single-fiber analyses showed that the responses to alcohols were induced
      dominantly in sucrose-best fibers and were correlated well with sucrose responses
      in the CT, whereas the responses to alcohols were induced in quinine-best fibers
      and were correlated well with quinine responses in the Gl. The rats that acquired
      conditioned taste aversions to alcohols with two or three hydroxyl groups also
      avoided sucrose and quinine, although the aversion did not generalize to NaCl or
      HCl. These results suggest that alcohols have a taste similar to the taste of
      both sucrose and quinine in the rat.

PMID- 9950917
TI  - Effects of urea and trimethylamine N-oxide on fluidity of liposomes and membranes
      of an elasmobranch.
AB  - The effects on membrane fluidity of two solutes of biological importance in
      elasmobranch fishes, urea and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), were determined using
      elasmobranch red blood cell plasma membranes and artificial liposomes.
      Fluorescence polarizations of three probes with differing sites of insertion (1,
      6-diphenylhexatriene, cis-parinaric acid, and trans-parinaric acid) were used to
      study the effects of physiological levels of urea (400 mM) and TMAO (200 mM)
      separately and together in a 2:1 urea:TMAO ratio (400 mM:200 mM). In the
      elasmobranch erythrocyte membrane, there was a trend toward an increase in the
      order of the gel-phase domains when treated with urea, although this was not
      statistically significant. This effect was counteracted by the presence of TMAO.
      To determine if the organic solutes were acting directly on the membrane lipids
      or on the integral proteins, phase-transition profiles of protein-free
      dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes were determined. These profiles showed
      that urea again increased the order of the gel-phase domains of the bilayer;
      however, this effect was not counteracted by the presence of TMAO. We suggest
      that the increased order in the gel-phase domains may be an indirect effect of a
      decrease in the order of the fluid-phase domains. This increase in fluidity may
      be due either to a disruptive effect of urea on the hydrophobic core of the
      membrane or to indirect effects mediated by changes in the integral membrane
      proteins. This study is the first to demonstrate that urea and TMAO may act as
      counteracting solutes in the elasmobranch erythrocyte membrane and that the
      counteraction appears to be at the level of the integral proteins rather than the
      membrane lipids.

PMID- 9950918
TI  - Sex differences and role of nitric oxide in blood flow of canine urinary bladder.
AB  - Continuous measurements were made of bladder blood flow by laser Doppler
      flowmetry in anesthetized dogs during bladder filling and emptying. In both
      mucosa and muscle, perfusion was inversely proportional to intravesical pressure.
      There was significantly greater perfusion in the bladder mucosa of males than
      females at baseline and up to 10 cm water filling pressure but not in the muscle.
      Intra-arterial infusion of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L
      arginine produced a significant decrease in resting bladder perfusion in the
      mucosa only, with no differences seen in the response to intravesical pressure.
      Intra-arterial infusion of L-arginine produced a significant increase in the
      level of perfusion in the mucosa seen immediately after the bladder was drained.
      No changes were observed in muscle perfusion after L-arginine. These results
      suggest that the perfusion of the bladder mucosa differs by gender and is
      regulated differently than the bladder muscle, possibly related to the different
      function of the two layers.

PMID- 9950919
TI  - Effect of endurance exercise on myosin heavy chain gene regulation in human
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of endurance-oriented
      exercise on myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform regulation in human skeletal muscle.
      Exercise consisted of 1 h of cycle ergometer work per day at 75% maximal oxygen
      consumption for seven consecutive days. Muscle was obtained before the first bout
      of exercise, 3 h after the first bout of exercise, and before and 3 h after the
      final exercise bout on day 7 (n = 9 subjects). No changes in MHC mRNA (I, IIa,
      IIx) were evident after the first exercise period. There was, however, a
      significant (P < 0.05) decline (-30%) in MHC IIx mRNA 3 h after the final
      training bout. An interesting finding was that a higher pretraining level of MHC
      IIx mRNA was associated with a greater decline in the transcript before (r =
      0.68, P < 0.05) and 3 h after (r = 0.82, P < 0.05) the final exercise bout. These
      findings suggest that MHC IIx mRNA is downregulated during the early phase of
      endurance-oriented exercise training in human skeletal muscle but only after
      repeated contractile activity. Pretraining MHC IIx mRNA content may influence the
      magnitude of this response.

PMID- 9950920
TI  - GABA receptors in the phrenic nucleus of the rat.
AB  - The phrenic nucleus was identified by microinjections of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid
      in urethan-anesthetized adult male Wistar rats. Microinjections of GABAA and
      GABAB receptor agonists (muscimol and baclofen, respectively) at the same site
      decreased the phrenic nerve burst amplitude. Microinjections of GABAA and GABAB
      receptor antagonists (bicuculline and 2-hydroxysaclofen, respectively) blocked as
      well as reversed the effects of their respective agonists. These results were
      confirmed by recording extracellular action potentials from single phrenic
      neurons. Micropressure applications of muscimol and baclofen decreased the
      activity of single neurons in the phrenic nucleus; this effect was blocked as
      well as reversed by micropressure applications of bicuculline and 2
      hydroxysaclofen, respectively. These results demonstrated the presence of GABA
      receptors on the neurons in the phrenic nucleus and suggested that their
      activation results in the decrease of the phrenic nerve burst amplitude. The
      importance of these results in the identification of neural circuits mediating
      inhibition of phrenic neurons is discussed.

PMID- 9950921
TI  - Cholecystokinin and serotonin receptors in the regulation of fat-induced satiety
      in rats.
AB  - The present study investigated the relationship between endogenous CCK and
      serotonin (5-HT) in fat-induced satiety. Male Wistar rats with duodenal cannulas
      were adapted to eating 6 h/day along with receiving an infusion of saline or one
      of two isocaloric solutions (10 ml, 1 kcal/ml, 0.45 ml/min) varying in fat and
      carbohydrate content (20 or 80% energy from fat). Rats were infused 10 min after
      food presentation. The satiation/satiety response was determined from measures of
      meal size (MS), intermeal interval (IMI), and total food intake (TFI). Infusion
      with either fat solution reduced MS compared with saline; however, the 80% fat
      infusate reduced TFI and lengthened the IMI compared with saline and the 20% fat
      infusate. CCK and 5-HT involvement in fat-induced satiety was investigated by
      preceding the 80% fat infusate with CCK and/or 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
      Devazepide (Dev) and Tropisetron (Trop). A CCK releaser, trypsin inhibitor (TI),
      was added to the 20% fat infusate to enhance satiety. Pretreatment with Dev or
      Trop alone attenuated the inhibitory effects of the 80% solution on IMI, whereas
      reversal of the inhibitory effects on MS and TFI were sensitive only to Dev at
      the doses provided. Both antagonists together completely blocked the satiating
      effects of the 80% fat infusate on all feeding variables measured. Addition of TI
      to the 20% fat infusate lengthened the IMI but did not affect MS or TFI. These
      results provide evidence for the participation of both endogenous CCK and 5-HT in
      the satiety response to fat in the intestine.

PMID- 9950922
TI  - Effect of behavioral stress on coronary artery relaxation altered with aging in
      BHR.
AB  - Behavioral stress and aging are associated with an increase in vascular disease.
      This study determined the mechanisms contributing to changes in endothelium
      dependent relaxation of isolated coronary arteries (300-350 micrometers) induced
      by exposure to 10 days of air-jet stress (2 h/day) in young (3 mo) and old (18
      mo) male borderline hypertensive rats (BHR). Aging, alone, did not alter
      endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) quantitatively but did
      alter the mechanisms contributing to relaxation to ACh, which was largely
      dependent on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in vessels from old, but not young, BHR.
      Behavioral stress resulted in an enhanced relaxation to ACh that was dependent on
      NOS in vessels from young stressed compared with young control BHR. Conversely,
      relaxation to ACh was reduced in coronary arteries from old stressed compared
      with old control BHR. In vessels from old control BHR, there was an NOS
      independent component of relaxation mediated by opening of K+ channels that was
      absent in vessels from old stressed BHR. The superoxide anion scavenger, tiron,
      partially restored relaxation, and inhibition of cyclooxygenase largely restored
      relaxation to ACh in vessels from old stressed BHR. In summary, the effect of
      behavioral stress was age dependent. ACh-induced relaxation of coronary arteries
      was enhanced in an NOS-dependent manner in young BHR and was impaired in old BHR
      due to superoxide anions, vasoconstrictor cyclooxygenase products, and a loss of
      K+ channel-mediated relaxation.

PMID- 9950923
TI  - Intracavernous pressure during erection in rats: an integrative approach based on
      telemetric recording.
AB  - To better understand the similarities and differences in the neural control of
      penile erection occurring in different contexts, we recorded intracavernous
      pressure (ICP) in conscious rats using a miniaturized telemetric device. ICP
      changes during reflexive, noncontact, and apomorphine-induced erections were
      characterized by a plateau increase surmounted by peaks. Plateaus were also
      elicited by cavernous nerve stimulation in anesthetized rats, suggesting that the
      cavernous nerve represents the final common proerectile autonomic pathway in
      these contexts and that it responds similarly to information originating in the
      periphery or in supraspinal nuclei. During reflexive, noncontact, and apomorphine
      induced erections, activation of spinal autonomic nuclei, considered the spinal
      generators of erection, would take place first, representing a prerequisite for
      the occurrence of peaks. Suprasystolic peaks would result from the addition of
      pudendal motoneuron activity. In contrast, only peaks were recorded during
      copulation. In this context, the convergence of peripheral and supraspinal
      information apparently elicits the best temporal arrangement of autonomic and
      somatic outflows, reflecting a highly organized and integrated spinal activity.

PMID- 9950924
TI  - Arginine vasopressin does not mediate the attenuated febrile response to
      intravenous IL-1beta in pregnant rats.
AB  - Rats have an attenuated febrile response to intravenous endogenous pyrogen [e.g.,
      interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)] near the term of pregnancy. The present experiments
      were carried out on 25 nonpregnant and 32 pregnant rats to test the hypothesis
      that arginine vasopressin functioning as an endogenous antipyretic substance in
      the central nervous system mediates this attenuated febrile response. An
      intravenous injection of recombinant rat IL-1beta (rrIL-1beta) after
      intracerebroventricular vehicle produced a significant increase in core
      temperature in both nonpregnant and pregnant animals, the magnitude and duration
      of which was greater in the nonpregnant rats. In nonpregnant rats, intravenous
      rrIL-1beta after intracerebroventricular vasopressin V1-receptor antagonist
      accentuated the core temperature response compared with that observed with
      intravenous rrIL-1beta after intracerebroventricular vehicle. In pregnant
      animals, however, intravenous rrIL-1beta after intracerebroventricular
      vasopressin V1-receptor antagonist produced a decrease in core temperature rather
      than an increase in core temperature, which was observed with intravenous rrIL
      1beta after intracerebroventricular vehicle. Thus our data do not support the
      hypothesis that a pregnancy-related activation of arginine vasopressin as an
      endogenous antipyretic substance in the central nervous system attenuates the
      febrile response to intravenous rrIL-1beta near the term of pregnancy in rats.

PMID- 9950925
TI  - Extrinsic inputs to intrinsic neurons in the porcine heart in vitro.
AB  - Convergence of inputs from extrinsic cardiac nerves [vagus and cardiopulmonary
      (CPN)] on intrinsic cardiac neurons was investigated in the pig (Sus scrofa). A
      segment of the right atrial wall containing epicardial neurons along with
      attached stumps of the right vagus nerve and CPN was maintained in vitro;
      intracellular recordings were made from 57 neurons. Three types of neuron were
      identified by their responses to long intracellular depolarizing current pulses:
      phasic [discharged 1 action potential (AP); 40%]; accommodating (discharged
      multiple APs decrementing in frequency during pulse; 33%); and tonic (discharged
      multiple APs at a high frequency; 27%). Sixty-six percent of the neurons
      responded with excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) to vagal nerve
      stimulation; two-thirds of these cells fired APs when EPSP amplitude exceeded
      threshold level. Postsynaptic responses to vagal nerve stimulation were mediated
      by nicotinic ion channels; responses were eliminated by hexamethonium. CPN
      stimulation produced EPSPs but no APs in 17% of the neurons. All neurons
      responding with postsynaptic depolarizations to CPN stimulation also received
      vagal inputs. Combined stimulation of the vagus nerve and CPN produced APs in all
      but one of these neurons. Timolol eliminated postsynaptic responses from CPN
      stimulation, indicating that these responses involved beta-adrenergic receptors
      and likely resulted from activation of sympathetic postganglionic terminals.
      These results show that some intrinsic cardiac neurons receive convergent inputs
      from the CPN and vagus nerve. It is suggested that such neurons represent
      intraganglionic sites for sympathetic-parasympathetic interactions in neural
      control of the heart.

PMID- 9950927
TI  - Centrally mediated effect of 17beta-estradiol on parasympathetic tone in male
      rats.
AB  - The following experiments were conducted to determine if peripherally
      administered estrogen has an effect on central autonomic tone and whether this
      change in tone results in an alteration in cardiovascular reflex control. Male
      Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with thiobutabarbitol sodium (50 mg/kg) and
      instrumented to record blood pressure, heart rate, and vagal parasympathetic or
      renal sympathetic efferent nerve activity. Additional rats were instrumented to
      test the sensitivity of the cardiac baroreflex using intravenous injections of
      phenylephrine hydrochloride (0.025, 0.05, 0.1 mg/kg) or sodium nitroprusside (0.
      0025, 0.005, 0.01 mg/kg) and plotting the cardiovascular responses. Intravenous
      injection of estrogen (10(-4), 10(-2), and 10(-1) mg/kg) produced a significant
      increase in vagal efferent activity and in baroreflex sensitivity. The bilateral
      microinjection of an estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI-182,780 (1 pM, 50 nl/side)
      into the nucleus ambiguus blocked both the estrogen-induced increase in vagal
      efferent activity and baroreflex sensitivity. These results demonstrate that in
      male rats estrogen acts centrally to enhance baroreflex sensitivity by increasing
      parasympathetic efferent tone.

PMID- 9950926
TI  - Sepsis is associated with increased ubiquitinconjugating enzyme E214k mRNA in
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - Previous studies provided evidence that sepsis is associated with increased
      ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent protein breakdown in skeletal muscle. The 14-kDa
      ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E214k) has been proposed to be a key regulator of
      the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway. We tested the hypothesis that E214k message
      and protein levels are increased in skeletal muscle during sepsis. Sepsis was
      induced in rats by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Control rats were sham
      operated. E214k mRNA and protein levels were quantitated after Northern and
      Western blot analysis, respectively, 16 h after CLP or sham operation. Sepsis
      resulted in a 70% increase in the 1. 2-kb E214k transcript in the fast-twitch
      extensor digitorum longus muscle, whereas no changes were seen in the slow-twitch
      soleus muscle. E214k protein levels were not influenced by sepsis in any of the
      muscles studied. Although the changes in the expression of the E214k 1.2-kb
      transcript paralleled the differential effect of sepsis on protein breakdown in
      fast- and slow-twitch muscle, the potential role of E214k in the regulation of
      sepsis-induced muscle proteolysis needs to be interpreted with caution, because
      the results demonstrated that increased message levels were not associated with
      increased E214k protein levels.

PMID- 9950929
TI  - Na+-K+-ATPase and Na+/Ca2+ exchange activities in gills of hyperregulating
      Carcinus maenas.
AB  - Na+-K+-ATPase and Na+/Ca2+ exchange activities were studied in gills of Carcinus
      maenas in seawater (SW) and after transfer to dilute seawater (DSW). Carcinus
      hyperregulates its hemolymph osmolarity through active uptake of Na+, Cl-, and
      Ca2+. In DSW total Na+-K+-ATPase activity in posterior gills quadrupled; Na+/Ca2+
      exchange specific activity was unaffected, and total activity increased 1.67
      fold. Short-circuit current (Isc) in voltage-clamped posterior gill hemilamellae
      was -181 microA/cm2 in SW and -290 microA/cm2 in DSW and up to 90% ouabain
      sensitive; conductivity was similar in SW or DSW (42 and 46 mS/cm2, respectively)
      and representative of a leaky epithelium. The new steady state of hemolymph
      osmolarity 24 h after DSW transfer was preceded, already 3 h after transfer, by
      increased Na+-K+-ATPase but not Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity. Western blot analysis
      indicated that the amount of Na+-K+-ATPase protein had increased 2.1-fold in
      crabs acclimated 3 wk to DSW; however, 4 h after DSW transfer no difference in
      the amount of Na+-K+-ATPase protein was observed. After DSW transfer branchial
      cAMP content decreased. A negative correlation between branchial Na+-K+-ATPase
      activity and cAMP content points to rapid regulation of Na+-K+-ATPase through
      cAMP-dependent protein kinase A activity. Ca2+ transport may depend on the high
      capacity Na+/Ca2+ exchanger coupled to the versatile sodium pump.

PMID- 9950928
TI  - Chronic exercise increases macrophage-mediated tumor cytolysis in young and old
      mice.
AB  - In this study, we determined the effects of age and chronic treadmill running (16
      wk; 5 days/wk; 45 min/day; 18-22 m/min) on resident peritoneal macrophage
      responsiveness to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in
      young (6 mo) and aged (22 mo) male BALB/cByJ mice by measuring cytolytic ability
      and production of reactive nitrogen products. Macrophages (>90% Mac-3(+)) were
      incubated with various concentrations of IFN-gamma and LPS for 24 h. After
      washing, P815 tumor cells were utilized as targets in a 16-h 51Cr release assay.
      We found that aging resulted in a significant reduction in the ability of
      macrophages to respond to the highest doses of IFN-gamma and LPS and kill P815
      cells (46 +/- 4 vs. 34 +/- 2% in young and old mice, respectively). Exercise
      training significantly increased macrophage cytolysis in both age groups (66 + 7
      vs. 44 + 2% in young and old mice, respectively); this effect was larger in the
      young mice. Macrophages from young exercised mice also produced significantly (50
      60%) more NO-2; there was a tendency for higher NO-2 in old exercisers. The
      inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L
      NMMA) significantly reduced macrophage cytolysis and NO-2 production and
      completely abrogated exercise-induced increases in these measures. RT-PCR
      analysis revealed significantly higher iNOS mRNA levels in macrophages obtained
      from the exercise-trained mice and significantly lower iNOS mRNA in old compared
      with young mice. We conclude that aging reduces and exercise training increases
      the capacity of resident peritoneal macrophages to respond to IFN-gamma and LPS
      with increased tumor cytolysis. Enhanced iNOS gene expression and NO-2 production
      are likely the contributing mechanisms of the exercise-induced enhancement of
      cytolysis in young mice. While L-NMMA did block the exercise-induced increase in
      cytolysis, exercise did not increase NO-2 or iNOS gene expression in the old
      mice, indicating perhaps the contribution of other cytolytic mechanisms in old
      mice.

PMID- 9950930
TI  - Circadian blood pressure and heart rate rhythms in mice.
AB  - The circadian pattern of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) was
      measured in C57BL mice with carotid arterial catheters. Cardiovascular parameters
      were recorded continuously with a computerized monitoring system at a sampling
      rate of 100 Hz. The tethered animals were healthy, showing stabilized drinking
      and eating patterns within 2 days of surgery and little loss of body weight.
      Analysis of the 24-h pattern of MAP and HR was conducted using data from 3-6
      consecutive days of recording. A daily rhythm of MAP was evident in all mice,
      with group mean dark and light values of 101.4 +/- 7.3 and 93.1 +/- 2.9 mmHg,
      respectively. The group mean waveform was bimodal, with peak values evident early
      and late in the dark period, and a trough during the middle of the light period.
      The phase of maximum and minimum values showed low within-group variance. Mean
      heart rate was greater at night than during the day (561.9 +/- 22.7 vs. 530.3 +/-
      22.3 beats/min). Peak values generally occurred at dark onset, and minimum values
      during the middle of both the dark and the light periods. We conclude that it is
      possible to perform measurements of circadian cardiovascular parameters in the
      mouse, providing new avenues for the investigation of genetic models.

PMID- 9950931
TI  - O2 consumption and heart rate in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio): influence of
      temperature and ambient O2.
AB  - Body mass, length, oxygen consumption (MO2) and heart rate (fH) were measured in
      "embryos" (prior to hatching), "larvae" (days 10-20), "juveniles" (days 30-70 in
      10-day intervals), and "adults" (day 100) of the zebrafish Danio rerio. Fish were
      chronically reared at either 25, 28, or 31 degreesC and then acutely exposed to
      hypoxia at different developmental stages. We hypothesized that at any given
      rearing and measurement temperature, D. rerio would maintain MO2 at lower ambient
      PO2 [i.e., have a lower critical partial pressure (Pcrit)] as development
      progressed and that at any given developmental stage individuals reared and
      measured at higher temperatures would show a more pronounced hypoxic bradycardia.
      MO2 in normoxic fish at 28 degreesC peaked at approximately 40 micromol. g-1. h-1
      at day 10, thereafter falling to 4-5 micromol. g-1. h-1 at day 100. The Q10 for
      MO2 was 4-5 in embryos, falling to 2-3 from day 10 to day 60 and rising again to
      4-5 at day 100. Pcrit at 28 degreesC was approximately 80 mmHg in embryos but
      decreased sharply to 20 mmHg at 100 days, supporting the hypothesis that more
      mature fish would be better able to oxygen regulate to lower ambient PO2 levels.
      Pcrit increased sharply with measurement temperature. Heart rate (fH) at 28
      degreesC increased from about 125 beats/min in embryos to a peak of approximately
      175 beats/min at days 10-30 and then fell to approximately 130 beats/min by day
      100. Unlike for MO2, the Q10 for fH was more constant at 1.2-2.5 throughout
      development. Hypoxic exposure at any temperature had no effect on fH until
      approximately day 30, after which time a hypoxic bradycardia was evident. As
      evident for MO2, the bradycardia in older larvae was more profound at higher
      temperatures. On the assumption that bradycardia is indicative of hypoxic stress,
      the increasing prevalence of a hypoxic bradycardia in older, warmer individuals
      supports the hypothesis that increasing hypoxic susceptibility with development
      would be exacerbated by increasing temperature. Collectively, these data indicate
      that the ability to regulate MO2 and fH in response to the compounding demands of
      increased temperature and/or decreased oxygen availability first develops after
      approximately 20 days in D. rerio and, thereafter, the ability to maintain MO2 in
      the face of ambient hypoxia progressively builds through to adulthood.
      Additionally, the temperature responses of metabolism and heart rate differ
      substantially at different phases of development, suggesting a loose coupling
      between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, at least early in
      development.

PMID- 9950932
TI  - Actions of amylin on subfornical organ neurons and on drinking behavior in rats.
AB  - Amylin, a peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic beta-cells after food intake,
      contributes to metabolic control by regulating nutrient influx into the blood,
      whereas insulin promotes nutrient efflux and storage. We now report that amylin
      activates neurons in the subfornical organ (SFO), a structure in which the lack
      of a functional blood-brain barrier and the presence of a high density of amylin
      receptors may render it accessible and sensitive to circulating amylin. In an in
      vitro slice preparation of the rat SFO, 73% of 78 neurons were excited by
      superfusion with rat amylin (10(-8)-10(-7) M); the remainder were insensitive.
      The threshold concentration for the excitatory response of amylin was <10(-8) M
      and thus similar in potency to a previously reported excitatory effect of ANG II
      on the same neurons. The excitatory effect of amylin was completely blocked by
      coapplication of the selective amylin receptor antagonist AC-187 (10(-6)-10(-5)
      M) but was not affected by losartan (10(-5) M). Subcutaneous injections of 40
      nmol of amylin significantly increased water intake in euhydrated rats, as did an
      equimolar dose of ANG II, which is a well-described SFO-mediated effect of
      circulating ANG II. These results point to the SFO as a sensory central nervous
      target for amylin released systemically in response to metabolic changes.
      Furthermore, we suggest that amylin release during food intake may stimulate
      prandial drinking.

PMID- 9950933
TI  - Sleep after arousal from hibernation is not homeostatically regulated.
AB  - Electroencephalographic slow-wave activity (SWA) in non-rapid eye movement (NREM)
      sleep is directly related to prior sleep/wake history, with high levels of SWA
      following extended periods of wake. Therefore, SWA has been thought to reflect
      the level of accumulated sleep need. The discovery that euthermic intervals
      between hibernation bouts are spent primarily in sleep and that this sleep is
      characterized by high and monotonically declining SWA has led to speculation that
      sleep homeostasis may play a fundamental role in the regulation of the timing of
      bouts of hibernation and periodic arousals to euthermia. It was proposed that
      because the SWA profile seen after arousal from hibernation is strikingly similar
      to what is seen in nonhibernating mammals after extended periods of wakefulness,
      that hibernating mammals may arouse from hibernation with significant accumulated
      sleep need. This sleep need may accumulate during hibernation because the low
      brain temperatures during hibernation may not be compatible with sleep
      restorative processes. In the present study, golden-mantled ground squirrels were
      sleep deprived during the first 4 h of interbout euthermia by injection of
      caffeine (20 mg/kg ip). We predicted that if the SWA peaks after bouts of
      hibernation reflected a homeostatic response to an accumulated sleep need, sleep
      deprivation should simply have displaced and possibly augmented the SWA to
      subsequent recovery sleep. Instead we found that after caffeine-induced sleep
      deprivation of animals just aroused from hibernation, the anticipated high SWA
      typical of recovery sleep did not occur. Similar results were found in a study
      that induced sleep deprivation by gentle handling (19). These findings indicate
      that the SWA peak immediately after hibernation does not represent homeostatic
      regulation of NREM sleep, as it normally does after prolonged wakefulness during
      euthermia, but instead may reflect some other neurological process in the
      recovery of brain function from an extended period at low temperature.

PMID- 9950934
TI  - Stimulated mechanisms of Ca2+ entry into vascular smooth muscle during NO
      synthesis inhibition in pregnant rats.
AB  - We have previously found that the vascular responsiveness to alpha1-adrenergic
      agonists is reduced in pregnant rats and enhanced in a rat model of pregnancy
      induced hypertension produced by chronic treatment of pregnant rats with the
      nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME).
      The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the observed changes in
      vascular reactivity during normal pregnancy and during pregnancy-induced
      hypertension reflect changes in the mechanisms of Ca2+ entry into vascular smooth
      muscle. 45Ca2+ influx and active stress during alpha1-adrenergic stimulation by
      phenylephrine and membrane depolarization by 96 mM KCl were measured in
      deendothelialized aortic strips isolated from virgin and pregnant Sprague-Dawley
      rats untreated or treated with 1 mg/day L-NAME for 4-6 days and incubated in
      Krebs solution containing increasing concentrations of extracellular Ca2+
      ([Ca2+]e). In all groups of rats, both phenylephrine and 96 mM KCl caused [Ca2+]e
      dependent increases in active stress and 45Ca2+ influx. The phenylephrine- and 96
      mM KCl-induced active stress and Ca2+ influx were significantly reduced in
      pregnant rats but significantly enhanced in pregnant rats treated with L-NAME.
      The phenylephrine-induced Ca2+ influx-stress relationship was significantly
      greater than that induced by 96 mM KCl in pregnant rats treated with L-NAME. The
      phenylephrine-induced Ca2+ influx-stress relationship was reduced in pregnant
      rats but enhanced in pregnant rats treated with L-NAME. Chronic treatment with L
      NAME had minimal effect on active stress, Ca2+ influx, and the Ca2+ influx-stress
      relationship in virgin rats. These results provide evidence that the mechanisms
      of Ca2+ entry into vascular smooth muscle are inhibited during pregnancy but
      enhanced during inhibition of NO synthesis in late pregnancy. The enhancement of
      the phenylephrine-induced Ca2+ influx-stress relationship in pregnant rats
      treated with L-NAME suggests activation of other contractile mechanisms in
      addition to stimulation of Ca2+ entry. These mechanisms appear to be inhibited
      during normal pregnancy.

PMID- 9950935
TI  - Renal hemodynamic effects of activation of specific renal sympathetic nerve fiber
      groups.
AB  - To examine the effect of activation of a unique population of renal sympathetic
      nerve fibers on renal blood flow (RBF) dynamics, anesthetized rats were
      instrumented with a renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) recording electrode
      and an electromagnetic flow probe on the ipsilateral renal artery. Peripheral
      thermal receptor stimulation (external heat) was used to activate a unique
      population of renal sympathetic nerve fibers and to increase total RSNA. Total
      RSNA was reflexly increased to the same degree with somatic receptor stimulation
      (tail compression). Arterial pressure and heart rate were increased by both
      stimuli. Total RSNA was increased to the same degree by both stimuli but external
      heat produced a greater renal vasoconstrictor response than tail compression.
      Whereas both stimuli increased spectral density power of RSNA at both cardiac and
      respiratory frequencies, modulation of RBF variability by fluctuations of RSNA
      was small at these frequencies, with values for the normalized transfer gain
      being approximately 0.1 at >0.5 Hz. During tail compression coherent oscillations
      of RSNA and RBF were found at 0.3-0.4 Hz with normalized transfer gain of 0.33 +/
      0.02. During external heat coherent oscillations of RSNA and RBF were found at
      both 0.2 and 0.3-0.4 Hz with normalized transfer gains of 0. 63 +/- 0.05 at 0.2
      Hz and 0.53 +/- 0.04 to 0.36 +/- 0.02 at 0.3-0.4 Hz. Renal denervation eliminated
      the oscillations in RBF at both 0.2 and 0.3-0.4 Hz. These findings indicate that
      despite similar increases in total RSNA, external heat results in a greater renal
      vasoconstrictor response than tail compression due to the activation of a unique
      population of renal sympathetic nerve fibers with different frequency-response
      characteristics of the renal vasculature.

PMID- 9950936
TI  - Heat acclimation induces changes in cardiac mechanical performance: the role of
      thyroid hormone.
AB  - The involvement of reduced thyroxine level in the emergence of heat acclimation
      induced negative lusitropic effect was examined. Experiments were carried out on
      1) control rat hearts maintained at 24 +/- 1 degreesC (C); 2) rat hearts
      acclimated at 34 degreesC for 1 mo (AC); 3) AC-euthyroid rat hearts, via
      administration of thyroxine in the drinking water (AT); and 4) hypothyroid rat
      hearts, maintained at 24 +/- 1 degreesC, via administration of thiouracil in the
      drinking water (CP). Systolic pressure and velocities of contraction (dP/dt. P)
      and relaxation (-dP/dt. P) were measured using the Langendorff perfusion system.
      The steady-state levels of Ca2+-ATPase and phospholamban mRNAs and the expression
      of the encoded proteins Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and phospholamban (PLB) were
      measured, using semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western immunoblotting,
      respectively. Rat thyroxine levels were measured using RIA. Heat acclimation,
      which brought about a reduced thyroxine level, led to downregulation of Ca2+
      ATPase mRNA expression and translation and upregulation of phospholamban mRNA and
      PLB. Consequently, the PLB-to-SERCA ratio (PLB/SERCA) of the AC hearts showed a
      significant increase. These changes, as well as the greater pressure generation
      and the reduced dP/dt. P and -dP/dt. P observed in AC hearts were blunted in the
      AT hearts. Our data suggest that sustained heat acclimation-induced low thyroxine
      level has a decisive effect on the contractile machinery of the AC heart.
      Elevated PLB/SERCA apparently explains the negative lusitropic effect observed in
      these hearts.

PMID- 9950937
TI  - Metabolic and contractile influence of carbonic anhydrase III in skeletal muscle
      is age dependent.
AB  - Carbonic anhydrase (CA) III is very abundant in type I skeletal muscle, but its
      function is still debated. Our aims were to examine CA III expression during
      growth and determine whether the effects of CA inhibition previously observed in
      adult muscles could be seen in younger rats in which CA III levels are lower. CA
      III content and activity were measured in soleus muscles from 10- to 100-day-old
      rats, and the influence of CA inhibitor on fatigue and hexosemonophosphate
      content was quantified in vitro. CA III activity and content increased fivefold
      between 10 and 100 days of age. Data analysis revealed that the influence of CA
      inhibitor on fatigue was to some extent positively and linearly related to the
      level of CA III activity. Hexosemonophosphate accumulation with CA inhibition
      also became more significant with age. In conclusion, CA III level in soleus
      muscle does not stabilize before 3 mo after birth; data also confirm that the
      effects of CA inhibitors are due to inhibition of the CA III isoform.

PMID- 9950938
TI  - ATP-dependent calcium uptake into basolateral vesicles from transporting
      epithelia of intermolt crayfish.
AB  - ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake was determined into inside-out basolateral membrane
      vesicles (BLMV) from intermolt crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) Ca2+-transporting
      epithelia: gill, hepatopancreas (liver), and antennal gland (kidney).
      Extravesicular (EV) ATP (5 mM) increased 45Ca2+ uptake (free Ca2+ 5 microM) by
      fivefold but was abolished by pretreatment with either vanadate or the ionophore
      A-23187. Addition of A-23187 to Ca2+-loaded vesicles produced 70% efflux. The
      saturable carrier exhibited a Km for Ca2+ of 0.11-0.27 microM and maximal influx
      of 20-123 pmol. mg-1. min-1. The Km for ATP was 0.01-0.04 mM. The temperature
      coefficient ranged from 1.43 to 2.06. EGTA treatment of hepatopancreas and
      antennal gland vesicles decreased 45Ca2+ uptake by 50-90%; uptake was restorable
      by calmodulin. However, in gill, 45Ca2+ uptake was unaffected by EGTA treatment
      and calmodulin decreased uptake in both EGTA-treated and untreated vesicles.
      Addition of EV Na+ (5 mM) increased ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake into hepatopancreas
      and antennal gland BLMV by 60%; in hepatopancreas BLMV, this increase was
      inhibitable by ouabain. However, ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake in gill vesicles was
      Na+ independent. The relative role of each epithelium in whole animal Ca2+
      homeostasis has been interpreted based on in vitro characteristics.

PMID- 9950939
TI  - Effect of Ca2+ agonists in the perfused liver: determination via laser scanning
      confocal microscopy.
AB  - Ca2+ is a critical intracellular second messenger, but few studies have examined
      Ca2+ signaling in whole organs. The amplitude and frequency of Ca2+ oscillations
      encode important cellular information. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy
      in the indo 1 acetoxymethyl ester dye-loaded rat liver, we investigated the
      effect of various Ca2+ agonists that act at distinct mechanistic sites on Ca2+
      signaling. Perfusion with suprathreshold doses of arginine vasopressin (AVP) (2
      20 nM) caused a single Ca2+ wave that originated in the pericentral vein region
      and spread centrifugally to the periportal area. Lower doses of AVP (0.2-2 nM)
      caused multiple Ca2+ waves and Ca2+ oscillations. Perfusion with ATP (1. 4-17.5
      microM) caused rapid transient elevations in intracellular free Ca2+
      concentration ([Ca2+]i) occurring in isolated hepatocytes or groups of
      hepatocytes throughout the lobule and were of shorter duration than those due to
      AVP. Also in contrast to AVP, there was no specific anatomic location within the
      hepatic lobule that was more susceptible to ATP. Thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic
      acid did not cause a Ca2+ wave but rather produced a uniform and fairly
      simultaneous increase in [Ca2+]i in all hepatocytes in the lobule. Perfusion with
      14 microM ryanodine produced a single transient spike in [Ca2+]i in a small
      number (<2%) of hepatocytes. Dantrolene, an inhibitor of Ca2+ release, reduced
      the increased [Ca2+]i occurring after AVP. Insight into the mechanism of action
      of these Ca2+-active compounds on Ca2+ signaling in the intact liver is provided.

PMID- 9950940
TI  - AMPA receptor activation of area postrema neurons.
AB  - This study reports on the effects of activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors
      on area postrema neuron cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). In 140 of 242
      area postrema neurons isolated from postnatal rats, application of 100 microM L
      glutamate (L-Glu) resulted in a significant increase in [Ca2+]i. The remaining
      neurons were unaffected. The effects of L-Glu on area postrema [Ca2+]i were dose
      dependent, with a threshold of response near 1.0 microM and maximal response near
      100 microM. To determine if the response of L-Glu in area postrema neurons was
      due to activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors, the effects of the broad
      spectrum ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist kynurinic acid (Kyn) was
      determined. Application of 1.0 mM Kyn resulted in a 62.6 +/- 4% inhibition of the
      L-Glu-evoked response. Application of the selective N-methyl-D-aspartic acid
      (NMDA) antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid had no effect on the response
      of area postrema neurons to 100 microM L-Glu. In contrast, application of the
      selective DL-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-propionic acid
      (AMPA)/kainate receptor antagonist 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline (DNQX) effectively
      blocked the 100 microM L-Glu response. Application of (+/-)-AMPA mimicked the
      effects observed with L-Glu and was selectively blocked by DNQX. These results
      suggest that L-Glu activation of area postrema neurons involves activation of
      AMPA receptors but not NMDA receptors.

PMID- 9950941
TI  - Regulation of fiber size, oxidative potential, and capillarization in human
      muscle by resistance exercise.
AB  - To examine the hypothesis that increases in fiber cross-sectional area mediated
      by high-resistance training (HRT) would result in a decrease in fiber
      capillarization and oxidative potential, regardless of fiber type, we studied six
      untrained males (maximum oxygen consumption, 45.6 +/- 2.3 ml. kg-1. min-1; mean
      +/- SE) participating in a 12-wk program designed to produce a progressive
      hypertrophy of the quadriceps muscle. The training sessions, which were conducted
      3 times/wk, consisted of three sets of three exercises, each performed for 6-8
      repetitions maximum (RM). Measurements of fiber-type distribution obtained from
      tissue extracted from the vastus lateralis at 0, 4, 7, and 12 wk indicated
      reductions (P < 0.05) in type IIB fibers (15.1 +/- 2.1% vs. 7.2 +/- 1.3%) by 4 wk
      in the absence of changes in the other fiber types (types I, IIA, and IIAB).
      Training culminated in a 17% increase (P < 0.05) in cross-sectional area by 12 wk
      with initial increases observed at 4 wk. The increase was independent of fiber
      type-specific changes. The number of capillaries in contact with each fiber type
      increased by 12 wk, whereas capillary contacts-to-fiber area ratios remained
      unchanged. In a defined cross-sectional field, HRT also increased the capillaries
      per fiber at 12 wk. Training failed to alter cellular oxidative potential, as
      measured by succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, regardless of fiber type and
      training duration. It is concluded that modest hypertrophy induced by HRT does
      not compromise cellular tissue capillarization and oxidative potential regardless
      of fiber type.

PMID- 9950942
TI  - Measurement of gastric emptying during and between meal intake in free-feeding
      Lewis rats.
AB  - A new scintigraphic measurement technique is described that allows accurate
      assessment of gastric emptying in between as well as during a number of
      successive meals. Measurements were made every minute of food intake, gastric
      nutrient filling, and gastric emptying over a 6 h, 40 min period in conscious,
      free-feeding, loosely restrained rats. Before receiving access to the food, the
      animals had been deprived for a period of 31 h. Over the full duration of the
      experiment, an average rate of gastric emptying of 2.46 +/- 0.18 (SE) kcal/h was
      established. During most meals, however, the gastric emptying rate was increased
      so that an average of 26.9 +/- 2.7% of the ingested calories was emptied while
      the animals were feeding, with an average emptying rate of 0.15 +/- 0.014
      kcal/min or 8.88 +/- 0.84 kcal/h. This transient increase in the rate of gastric
      emptying was followed by a subsequent slowing of gastric emptying after meal
      termination; in the 10-min postmeal interval, an average emptying rate of 0.96 +/
      0.12 kcal/h was found. Despite these fluctuations during and immediately after
      meals, a relatively constant rate of caloric emptying is maintained over longer
      periods. There were no differences between the emptying rate during the first
      meal when the gastrointestinal tract was still empty, compared with later meals
      when the gastrointestinal tract had been filled with food. The emptying rate
      during the 10-min postmeal interval, however, was significantly reduced during
      later meals. The results suggest that gastric emptying is controlled by different
      mechanisms during and after the ingestion of food and that these mechanisms
      remain in effect at various degrees of gastrointestinal filling.

PMID- 9950943
TI  - Leptin disinhibits nonshivering thermogenesis in infants after maternal
      separation.
AB  - Prolonged maternal separation inhibits endogenous heat production in infant
      mammals exposed to cold. This inhibition of thermogenesis occurs many hours
      before energy stores have been fully depleted. The need to protect energy
      resources during separation-induced starvation may be signaled by declining
      levels of leptin, a hormone that acts as a "fat signal" and a regulator of energy
      utilization; in fact, starvation reduces leptin levels in adult mice and infant
      rats. It is not known, however, whether leptin has a functional role during
      starvation in infants. Such a role may be found in the regulation of nonshivering
      thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue (BAT), a specialized organ that provides
      heat to infant mammals, including humans, during cold exposure. Heat produced by
      BAT allows the cold-exposed infant to prevent the detrimental effects of
      hypothermia on physiology and behavior and, ultimately, growth. Here we show that
      leptin disinhibits BAT thermogenesis during cold exposure in infant rats after 18
      h of maternal separation. This finding demonstrates that leptin is more than
      simply an adipostat for the regulation of body weight; specifically, leptin
      modulates thermogenesis and energy utilization in the early postnatal period.

PMID- 9950944
TI  - Chronic eccentric exercise: improvements in muscle strength can occur with little
      demand for oxygen.
AB  - Eccentric contractions, the lengthening of muscle while producing force, are a
      common part of our everyday movements. This study presents a challenge to the
      accepted notion that eccentric work causes obligatory muscle injury while
      demonstrating that an increase in muscle strength, via eccentric work, can occur
      with little demand for oxygen. Nine healthy subjects, ages 18-34, were randomly
      placed in either an eccentric or a concentric training group. Both groups trained
      for 6 wk while progressively increasing training frequency and duration.
      Significant gains in isometric leg strength were seen in the eccentrically
      trained subjects only. While training, the oxygen consumption required to do the
      eccentric work was equal to or less than that required to do the concentric work.
      The results demonstrate that by progressively increasing the eccentric work rate,
      significant isometric strength gains can be made without muscle injury and with
      minimal increase in metabolic demand for oxygen. The potential clinical
      implications of an eccentric training program that uncouples skeletal muscle
      strength improvements from the demand for oxygen are alluring.

PMID- 9950945
TI  - Elevation of basolateral K+ induces K+ secretion by apical maxi K+ channels in
      Ambystoma collecting tubule.
AB  - We previously reported that exposure of aquatic-phase Ambystoma tigrinum to a
      solution containing 50 mM K+ (K+ adaptation) caused a nearly 10-fold increase in
      the number of detectable maxi K+ channels on the apical membrane of their initial
      collecting tubules. In apparent contradiction to the notion that maxi K+ channels
      contribute to K+ secretion, these channels were not routinely active at the
      resting membrane potential (0 mV voltage clamp). To test the possibility that
      hyperkalemia yields maxi K+ channels that are secreting K+ (i.e., active at 0
      mV), we patch-clamped the apical membranes of initial collecting tubules under
      conditions of elevated basolateral K+ (15 mM). Seven patches containing maxi K+
      channels were studied. Six of the seven patches showed maxi K+ channel activity
      when voltage was clamped at 0 mV. Open probability and unitary current averaged
      0.059 +/- 0.016 and 1.65 +/- 0.50 pA, respectively. This activity, together with
      the high density of channels observed (1.06 channels/micrometer2), indicates that
      after K+ adaptation, maxi K+ channels contribute to the ability of the late
      distal nephron of amphibians to secrete K+.

PMID- 9950946
TI  - Molecular characterization of an elasmobranch urea transporter.
AB  - Marine elasmobranch fishes retain relatively high levels of urea to balance the
      osmotic stress of living in seawater. To maintain osmotic balance and reduce the
      energetic costs of making urea, it is important for these animals to minimize
      urea excretion to the environment. We have isolated a novel 2.2-kb cDNA from
      Squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish shark) kidney encoding a 380-amino acid
      hydrophobic protein (ShUT) with 66% identity to the rat facilitated urea
      transporter protein UT-A2. Injection of ShUT cRNA into Xenopus oocytes induced a
      10-fold increase in 14C-labeled urea uptake, inhibitable by phloretin (0.35 mM).
      ShUT mRNA is expressed in kidney and brain. Related mRNA species are found in
      liver, blood, kidney, gill, intestine, muscle, and rectal gland. This is the
      first facilitated urea transporter to be identified in a marine fish. We propose
      that the ShUT protein is involved in urea reabsorption by the renal tubules of
      the dogfish shark, which in turn minimizes urea loss in the urine.

PMID- 9950947
TI  - Expression of Na+-D-glucose cotransporter in brush-border membrane of the chicken
      intestine.
AB  - We have studied the expression of Na+-D-glucose cotransporter in brush-border
      membrane vesicles (BBMVs) of chicken enterocytes to correlate the changes in the
      apical Na+-dependent transport with the changes in the amounts of transporter
      determined by Western blot analysis. Two different rabbit polyclonal antibodies
      were used simultaneously. The antibody raised against amino acids 564-575 of the
      deduced amino acid sequence of rabbit intestinal SGLT-1 (antibody 1) specifically
      detects a single 75-kDa band in the three segments, and this band disappeared
      when the antibody was preabsorbed with the antigenic peptide. The antibody raised
      against the synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 402-420 of the same
      protein (antibody 2) only reacts with jejunal and ileal samples, but no signal is
      found in BBMVs of rectum. Only when antibody 1 was used was there a linear
      correlation between the maximal transport rates of hexoses in BBMVs and the
      relative protein amounts determined by Western blot. These results indicate that
      the Na+-D-glucose cotransport in the jejunum, the ileum, and the rectum of
      chickens is due to an SGLT-1 type protein.

PMID- 9950948
TI  - Low aquaporin-2 levels in polyuric DI +/+ severe mice with constitutively high
      cAMP-phosphodiesterase activity.
AB  - In the renal collecting duct, vasopressin acutely activates cAMP production,
      resulting in trafficking of aquaporin-2 water channels (AQP2) to the apical
      plasma membrane, thereby increasing water permeability. This acute response is
      modulated by long-term changes in AQP2 expression. Recently, a cAMP-responsive
      element has been identified in the AQP2 gene, raising the possibility that
      changes in cAMP levels may control AQP2 expression. To investigate this
      possibility, we determined AQP2 protein levels in a strain of mice, DI +/+ severe
      (DI), which have genetically high levels of cAMP-phosphodiesterase activity, and
      hence low cellular cAMP levels, and severe polyuria. Semiquantitative
      immunoblotting of membrane fractions prepared from whole kidneys revealed that
      AQP2 levels in DI mice were only 26 +/- 7% (+/-SE) of those in control mice (n =
      10, P < 0.01). In addition, semiquantitative Northern blotting revealed a
      significantly lower AQP2 mRNA expression in kidneys from DI mice compared with
      control mice (43 +/- 6% vs. 100 +/- 10%; n = 6 in each group, P < 0.05). AQP3
      levels were also reduced. The mice were polyuric and urine osmolalities were
      accordingly substantially lower in the DI mice than in controls (496 +/- 53 vs.
      1,696 +/- 105 mosmol/kgH2O, respectively). Moreover, there was a linear
      correlation between urine osmolalities and AQP2 levels (P < 0.05). Immunoelectron
      microscopy confirmed the markedly lower expression of AQP2 in collecting duct
      principal cells in kidneys of DI mice and, furthermore, demonstrated that AQP2
      was almost completely absent from the apical plasma membrane. Thus expression of
      AQP2 and AQP2 trafficking were severely impaired in DI mice. These results are
      consistent with the view that in vivo regulation of AQP2 expression by
      vasopressin is mediated by cAMP.

PMID- 9950949
TI  - Lysophosphatidic acid-induced calcium mobilization and proliferation in kidney
      proximal tubular cells.
AB  - Patients with proteinuria tend to develop progressive renal disease with proximal
      tubular cell atrophy and interstitial scarring. It has been suggested that the
      nephrotoxicity of albuminuric states may be due to the protein molecule itself or
      by lipids, such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), that albumin carries. LPA was
      found to cause a transient increase in intracytoplasmic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in
      opossum kidney proximal tubule cells (OK) that was maximal at 100 microM LPA and
      was dose dependent with an EC50 of 2.6 x 10(-6) M. This Ca2+ mobilization was
      from both internal stores and across the plasma membrane and was pertussis toxin
      (PTX) insensitive. Treatment of OK cells with 100 microM LPA for 5 min was found
      to cause a twofold increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation and a three- to
      fivefold increase over control after 24 h. This was highly PTX sensitive and
      insensitive to pretreatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein and
      herbimycin A. These findings may be of significance in the progression of renal
      disease and indicate the potential importance of lipids in modulating proximal
      tubule cell function and growth.

PMID- 9950950
TI  - VACM-1 receptor is specifically expressed in rabbit vascular endothelium and
      renal collecting tubule.
AB  - The vasopressin-activated calcium-mobilizing (VACM-1) protein is a novel arginine
      vasopressin (AVP) receptor that shares sequence homology with a cullin multigene
      family but not with the AVP receptors. To characterize the VACM-1 receptor, we
      examined its tissue-specific expression using Northern blot, RT-PCR, and
      immunostaining analyses. Northern blot hybridization identified a 6. 4-kb cRNA
      species that was expressed in the rabbit kidney medulla, brain, heart, and
      ovaries. In human tissue, VACM-1 mRNA is a larger (7.5 kb) cRNA found in the
      kidney, brain, heart, placenta, and skeletal muscle. VACM-1-specific RT-PCR
      products were detected in mRNA from rabbit kidney medulla, brain, heart, and
      mesenteric arteries. No expression of VACM-1 could be detected in rabbit aorta,
      gastrointestinal tract, or liver. Coimmunostaining with anti-VACM-1 antibodies
      (Ab) and a specific vascular endothelial cell marker, CD31 monoclonal Ab,
      localized VACM-1 expression to the vasculature in specific tissues. We identified
      the kidney cells expressing VACM-1 receptor by coimmunostaining with the
      following monoclonal Ab, which recognize epitopes in specific segments of the
      nephron: rct-30 Ab, reactive against the cortical and medullary collecting tubule
      (CT) cells; mr-omct Ab, reactive against the mitochondria-rich cells of the outer
      medullary CT; and an Ab specific against the loop of Henle segment. These studies
      indicated that the VACM-1 receptor is expressed only in the medullary CT. Kidney
      coimmunostaining with anti-VACM-1 and CD31 Ab identified VACM-1-receptor
      expression in glomeruli and medullary vascular bundles. These results demonstrate
      that the novel VACM-1 receptor, expressed in many organs, is localized to the
      endothelial cells. In the kidney, it is also expressed in the medullary CT cells.
      Thus VACM-1 may be involved in the regulation of endothelial permeability and
      water transport in the CT.

PMID- 9950951
TI  - Nuclear localization of beta-catenin and loss of apical brush border actin in
      cystic tubules of bcl-2 -/- mice.
AB  - Tight regulation of the rates of cell proliferation and apoptosis is critical for
      normal nephrogenesis. Nephrogenesis is profoundly affected by the loss of bcl-2
      expression. Bcl-2-deficient (bcl-2 -/-) mice are born with renal hypoplasia and
      succumb to renal failure secondary to renal multicystic disease. Cell-cell and
      cell-matrix interactions impact tissue architecture by modulating cell
      proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. E-cadherin mediates
      calcium-dependent homotypic cell-cell interactions that are stabilized by its
      association with catenins and the actin cytoskeleton. The contribution of altered
      cell-cell interactions to renal cystic disease has not been delineated. Cystic
      kidneys from bcl-2 -/- mice displayed nuclear localization of beta-catenin and
      loss of apical brush border actin staining. The protein levels of alpha-catenin,
      beta-catenin, actin, and E-cadherin were not altered in cystic kidneys compared
      with normal kidneys. Therefore, an altered distribution of beta-catenin and
      actin, in kidneys from bcl-2 -/- mice, may indicate improper cell-cell
      interactions interfering with renal maturation and contributing to renal cyst
      formation.

PMID- 9950953
TI  - Differential effects of EGF on repair of cellular functions after dichlorovinyl-L
      cysteine-induced injury.
AB  - This study examined the repair of renal proximal tubule cellular (RPTC) functions
      following sublethal injury induced by the nephrotoxicant S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L
      cysteine (DCVC). DCVC exposure resulted in 31% cell death and loss 24 h following
      the treatment. Monolayer confluence recovered through migration/spreading but not
      proliferation after 6 days. Basal, uncoupled, and ouabain-sensitive oxygen
      consumption (QO2) decreased 47, 76, and 62%, respectively, 24 h after DCVC
      exposure. Na+-K+-ATPase activity and Na+-dependent glucose uptake were inhibited
      80 and 68%, respectively, 24 h after DCVC exposure. None of these functions
      recovered over time. Addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) following DCVC
      exposure did not prevent decreases in basal, uncoupled, and ouabain-sensitive QO2
      values and Na+-K+-ATPase activity but promoted their recovery over 4-6 days. In
      contrast, no recovery of Na+-dependent glucose uptake occurred in the presence of
      EGF. These data show that: 1) DCVC exposure decreases mitochondrial function, Na+
      K+-ATPase activity, active Na+ transport, and Na+-dependent glucose uptake in
      sublethally injured RPTC; 2) DCVC-treated RPTC do not proliferate nor regain
      their physiological functions in this model; and 3) EGF promotes recovery of
      mitochondrial function and active Na+ transport but not Na+-dependent glucose
      uptake. These results suggest that cysteine conjugates may cause renal
      dysfunction, in part, by decreasing RPTC functions and inhibiting their repair.

PMID- 9950952
TI  - Rat proximal tubule cell line transformed with origin-defective SV40 DNA:
      autocrine ANG II feedback.
AB  - The renal proximal tubule (PT) is a major site for a complete tissue renin
      angiotensin system (RAS) and produces endogenous angiotensin II (ANG II). The
      present studies demonstrate autocrine RAS feedback in a line of origin-defective
      SV40 plasmid transformed immortalized rat PT cells (IRPTC) designated as line 93
      p-2-1, which are highly differentiated and express all RAS components. Receptor
      competition assays and Southern blot following RT-PCR demonstrated that these
      IRPTC express AT1 and AT2 angiotensin receptor subtypes. Autocrine RAS feedback
      was examined following exposure to ANG II (10(-8) M), and it was noted that
      angiotensinogen mRNA increases significantly by 1 h and remains elevated through
      24 h. The AT1 blocker losartan prevents this increase. Moreover, ANG II
      upregulates expression of ANG II receptor mRNA (both AT1 and AT2). Thus the
      present studies demonstrate positive ANG II feedback with angiotensinogen and ANG
      II receptors in PTC, suggesting that the main site of such intrarenal feedback in
      vivo is within PT. ANG II secreted by line 93-p-2-1 is increased by
      isoproterenol, suggesting beta-adrenergic regulation in IRPTC.

PMID- 9950954
TI  - H-K-ATPase in the RCCT-28A rabbit cortical collecting duct cell line.
AB  - In the present study, we demonstrate that the rabbit cortical collecting duct
      cell line RCCT-28A possesses three distinct H-K-ATPase catalytic subunits
      (HKalpha). Intracellular measurements of RCCT-28A cells using the pH-sensitive
      dye 2', 7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) indicated that the
      mechanism accounting for recovery from an acid load exhibited both K+ dependence
      and sensitivity to Sch-28080 characteristic of H-K-ATPases. Recovery rates were
      0.022 +/- 0.005 pH units/min in the presence of K+, 0.004 +/- 0.002 in the
      absence of K+, and 0.002 +/- 0.002 in the presence of Sch-28080. The mRNAs
      encoding the HKalpha1 subunit and the H-K-ATPase beta-subunit (HKbeta) were
      detected by RT-PCR. In addition, two HKalpha2 species were found by RT-PCR and 5'
      rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RACE) in the rabbit renal cortex. One was
      homologous to HKalpha2 cDNAs generated from other species, and the second was
      novel. The latter, referred to as HKalpha2c, encoded an apparent 61-residue amino
      terminal extension that bore no homology to reported sequences. Antipeptide
      antibodies were designed on the basis of this extension, and these antibodies
      recognized a protein of the appropriate mass in both rabbit renal tissue samples
      and RCCT-28A cells. Such findings constitute very strong evidence for expression
      of the HKalpha2c subunit in vivo. The results suggest that the rabbit kidney and
      RCCT-28A cells express at least three distinct H-K-ATPases.

PMID- 9950955
TI  - Contribution of cytochrome P-450 4A1 and 4A2 to vascular 20
      hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid synthesis in rat kidneys.
AB  - 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (20-HETE), a biologically active cytochrome P
      450 (CYP) metabolite of arachidonic acid in the rat kidney, can be catalyzed by
      CYP4A isoforms including CYP4A1, CYP4A2, and CYP4A3. To determine the
      contribution of CYP4A isoforms to renal 20-HETE synthesis, specific antisense
      oligonucleotides (ODNs) were developed, and their specificity was examined in
      vitro in Sf9 cells expressing CYP4A isoforms and in vivo in Sprague-Dawley rats.
      Administration of CYP4A2 antisense ODNs (167 nmol. kg body wt-1. day-1 iv for 5
      days) decreased vascular 20-HETE synthesis by 48% with no effect on tubular
      synthesis, whereas administration of CYP4A1 antisense ODNs inhibited vascular and
      tubular 20-HETE synthesis by 52 and 40%, respectively. RT-PCR of microdissected
      renal microvessel RNA indicated the presence of CYP4A1, CYP4A2, and CYP4A3 mRNAs,
      and a CYP4A1-immunoreactive protein was detected by Western analysis of
      microvessel homogenates. Blood pressure measurements revealed a reduction of 17
      +/- 6 and 16 +/- 4 mmHg in groups receiving CYP4A1 and CYP4A2 antisense ODNs,
      respectively. These studies implicate CYP4A1 as a major 20-HETE synthesizing
      activity in the rat kidney and further document the feasibility of using
      antisense ODNs to specifically inhibit 20-HETE synthesis and thereby investigate
      its role in the regulation of renal function and blood pressure.

PMID- 9950956
TI  - Arginine vasopressin stimulates phosphorylation of aquaporin-2 in rat renal
      tissue.
AB  - Aquaporin-2 (AQP2), the protein that mediates arginine vasopressin (AVP)
      regulated apical water transport in the renal collecting duct, possesses a single
      consensus phosphorylation site for cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) at
      Ser256. The aim of this study was to examine whether AVP, and other agents that
      increase cAMP levels, could stimulate the phosphorylation of AQP2 in intact rat
      renal tissue. Rat renal papillae were prelabeled with 32P and incubated with
      vehicle or drugs, and then AQP2 was immunoprecipitated. Two polypeptides
      corresponding to nonglycosylated (29 kDa) and glycosylated (35-48 kDa) AQP2 were
      identified by SDS-PAGE. AVP caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in
      phosphorylation of both glycosylated and nonglycosylated AQP2. The threshold dose
      for a significant increase in phosphorylation was 10 pM, which corresponds to a
      physiological serum concentration of AVP. Maximal phosphorylation was reached
      within 1 min of AVP incubation. This effect on AQP2 phosphorylation was mimicked
      by the vasopressin (V2) agonist, 1-desamino-[8-D-arginine]vasopressin (DDAVP), or
      forskolin. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping indicated that AVP and
      forskolin stimulated the phosphorylation of the same site in AQP2. Immunoblot
      analysis using a phosphorylation state-specific antiserum revealed an increase in
      phosphorylation of Ser256 after incubation of papillae with AVP. The results
      indicate that AVP stimulates phosphorylation of AQP2 at Ser256 via activation of
      PKA, supporting the idea that this is one of the first steps leading to increased
      water permeability in collecting duct cells.

PMID- 9950957
TI  - Exaggerated Ca2+ signaling in preglomerular arteriolar smooth muscle cells of
      genetically hypertensive rats.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to gain insight into mechanisms responsible for
      exaggerated renal vascular reactivity to ANG II and vasopressin (AVP) in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) during the development of hypertension.
      Cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured by ratiometric fura 2
      fluorescence and a microscope-based photometer. Vascular smooth muscle cells
      (SMC) from preglomerular arterioles were isolated and dispersed using an iron
      oxide-sieving method plus collagenase treatment. ANG II and AVP produced rapid
      and sustained increases in [Ca2+]i. ANG II elicited similar dose-dependent
      increases in [Ca2+]i in SMC from SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). In contrast,
      AVP caused almost twofold larger responses in afferent arteriolar SMC from SHR.
      ANG II effects were inhibited by the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan. AVP action
      was blocked by the V1 receptor antagonist [d(CH2)5,Tyr(NH2)9]AVP. In SMC
      pretreated with nifedipine, neither ANG II nor AVP elicited [Ca2+]i responses.
      Poststimulation nifedipine reversed elevated [Ca2+]i to basal levels. Short-term
      reductions in external [Ca2+]i (EGTA) mimicked the nifedipine effects. Our study
      shows that AT1 and V1 receptors stimulate [Ca2+]i by a common mechanism
      characterized by preferential action on voltage-gated L-type channels sensitive
      to dihydropyridines. Calcium signaling elicited by AT1 receptors does not differ
      between SHR and WKY; thus the in vivo exaggerated reactivity may be dependent on
      interactions with other cell types, e. g., endothelium. In contrast, AVP produced
      larger changes in [Ca2+]i in arteriolar SMC from SHR, and such direct effects can
      account for the exaggerated renal blood flow responses.

PMID- 9950958
TI  - Kinin influences on renal regional blood flow responses to angiotensin-converting
      enzyme inhibition in dogs.
AB  - The relative roles of ANG II and bradykinin (BK) in the regulation of renal
      medullary circulation have remained unclear. We compared the contributions of ANG
      II and BK to the renal medullary blood flow (MBF) responses to angiotensin
      converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition (enalaprilat, 33 micrograms . kg-1. min-1) in
      dogs maintained on a normal-salt diet (0.63%, 3 days, n = 14; group 1) with those
      fed a low-salt diet (0.01%, 5 days, n = 14; group 2), which upregulates both the
      kallikrein-kinin and the renin-angiotensin systems. MBF responses to ACE
      inhibition were evaluated either before (n = 7) or after (n = 7) treatment with
      the BK B2 receptor blocker icatibant (100-300 micergrams) in both groups. Laser
      Doppler needle flow probes were used to determine relative changes in MBF and
      cortical blood flow (CBF). ACE inhibition increased MBF (group 1, 33 +/- 9%, P
      </= 0.01; group 2, 24 +/- 9%, P </= 0.005) as well as CBF (group 1, 23 +/- 2%, P
      </= 0.006; group 2, 28 +/- 10%, P </= 0.05). These responses were prevented by
      prior blockade of B2 receptors in group 2, but not in group 1. These data
      indicate that under normal sodium intake, increases in MBF and CBF caused by ACE
      inhibition are primarily due to reduced intrarenal ANG II levels. In contrast,
      the renal vasodilatory responses to ACE inhibition in dogs on low salt intake
      were markedly dependent on the activation of BK B2 receptors.

PMID- 9950959
TI  - ROS stimulate reorganization of mesangial cell-collagen gels by tyrosine kinase
      signaling.
AB  - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) initiate multiple pathological and physiological
      cellular responses, including tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins. In this
      study, we investigated the effects of ROS on cell-extracellular matrix
      interactions utilizing the floating three-dimensional collagen gel assay.
      Exposure of mesangial cells grown in three-dimensional culture to H2O2, 3-amino
      1,2,4-triazole (a catalase inhibitor), or puromycin is associated with gel
      reorganization accompanied by tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple proteins,
      including focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Neutrophils cocultured with mesangial
      cells in three-dimensional culture also induce mesangial cell-collagen gel
      reorganization and initiate tyrosine phosphorylation of a similar set of
      proteins. Collectively, these results show that ROS of either endogenous or
      exogenous origin can modulate mesangial cell-extracellular matrix interactions
      through initiation of a phosphotyrosine kinase signaling cascade. Consequently,
      ROS may play a role as signaling molecules that regulate mesangial cell
      extracellular matrix interactions in both physiological and pathological
      conditions.

PMID- 9950960
TI  - Renal sulfate secretion is carbonic anhydrase dependent in a marine teleost,
      Pleuronectes americanus.
AB  - Though chemical assays indicate that carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity is present
      in marine teleost nephrons, CA inhibitors have no effect on urine pH or
      bicarbonate excretion, parameters typically CA dependent in almost all vertebrate
      groups. Because marine teleost renal sulfate secretion is associated with
      bicarbonate anion exchange, we investigated the effect of CA inhibition on
      transepithelial sulfate transport by flounder renal tubule primary monolayer
      cultures (PTC) and on renal sulfate secretion (QSO4) by intact flounder. Both
      methazolamide and ethoxzolamide (10 microM) inhibited PTC secretory flux by
      approximately 50%; reabsorptive sulfate flux, Na-dependent glucose transport, and
      transepithelial electrical resistance were unaffected. A CA inhibitor restricted
      to the extracellular space (10 microM polyoxyethylene-aminobenzolamide, 3.7 kDa)
      had no effect on PTC sulfate transport. Intravenous administration of
      methazolamide reduced QSO4 almost 40% and had no effect on glomerular filtration
      rate (GFR), urine flow rate, or Pi excretion rate. Serum pH was significantly
      reduced 0.2 units, whereas urine pH was unchanged. Together, the in vitro and in
      vivo results indicate that CA facilitates renal sulfate secretion in the seawater
      teleost.

PMID- 9950961
TI  - Cloning of the human kidney PAH transporter: narrow substrate specificity and
      regulation by protein kinase C.
AB  - Conserved from fish to mammals, renal proximal tubule organic anion secretion
      plays an important role in drug and xenobiotic elimination. Studies with the
      model substrate p-aminohippurate (PAH) have suggested that a basolateral
      PAH/alpha-ketoglutarate exchanger imports diverse organic substrates into the
      proximal tubule prior to apical secretion. cDNAs encoding PAH transporters have
      been cloned recently from rat and flounder. Here we report the cloning of a
      highly similar human PAH transporter (hPAHT) from human kidney. By Northern blot
      analysis and EST database searching, hPAHT mRNA was detected in kidney and brain.
      PCR-based monochromosomal somatic cell hybrid mapping placed the hPAHT gene on
      chromosome 11. When expressed transiently in vitro, hPAHT catalyzed time
      dependent and saturable [3H]PAH uptake (Km of approximately 5 microM).
      Preincubation with unlabeled alpha-ketoglutaric or with glutaric acid stimulated
      tracer PAH uptake, and preincubation with unlabeled PAH stimulated tracer alpha
      ketoglutarate uptake, results that are consistent with PAH/alpha-ketoglutarate
      exchange. Several structurally diverse organic anions cis-inhibited PAH uptake.
      Like rat OAT1 organic anion transporter, hPAHT was inhibited by furosemide,
      indomethacin, probenecid, and alpha-ketoglutarate. Unlike OAT1, hPAHT was not
      inhibited by prostaglandins or methotrexate (MTX). Moreover, tracer PGE2 and MTX
      were not transported, indicating that the substrate specificity for transport by
      hPAHT is not broad. PAH uptake was inhibited by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
      (PMA) in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, but not by the inactive 4alpha
      phorbol-12,13 didecanoate. PMA-induced inhibition was blocked by staurosporine.
      Thus the protein kinase C-mediated inhibition of basolateral organic anion entry
      previously reported in intact tubules is likely due, at least in part, to direct
      modulation of the PAH/alpha-ketoglutarate exchanger.

PMID- 9950962
TI  - Developmental expression of the epithelial Na+ channel in kidney and
      uroepithelia.
AB  - The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) plays an important role in regulating Na+
      balance in neonatal and adult life. Using in situ hybridization, we localized
      alpha-, beta-, and gamma-rat ENaC (rENaC) mRNA in developing rat kidney and
      uroepithelia. rENaC mRNA was first detectable on fetal day 16, and by fetal day
      17, mRNA was abundant in the terminal collecting duct and uroepithelia. After
      birth, the intensity of the signals for all three subunits increased in the
      cortical collecting ducts and by 9 days after birth had diminished in the inner
      medullary collecting ducts. Expression in uroepithelial cells was different. mRNA
      for beta- and gamma-rENaC, but not alpha-rENaC, was detected in pelvis, ureters,
      and bladder at all stages of development beyond fetal day 16. By RNase protection
      assay (RPA), the greatest increase in subunit abundance in the kidney occurred
      before birth. Between postnatal days 9 and 30, the abundance of beta- and gamma
      rENaC decreased relative to alpha-rENaC in outer and inner medulla. The urinary
      bladder, in contrast, demonstrated the greatest increase in beta- and gamma-rENaC
      mRNA abundance after birth. We were generally unable to detect alpha-rENaC by RPA
      in urinary bladder. Feeding weaned rats a diet of high or low NaCl did not change
      the abundance of any of the subunit mRNAs in bladder. These results demonstrate
      additional heterogeneity of developmental expression and regulation of ENaC. The
      differences between the collecting duct and uroepithelial cell rENaC mRNA
      regulation raise the possibility of significant differences in function.

PMID- 9950963
TI  - Enhanced renal vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II in hypertensive ren-2
      transgenic rats.
AB  - The present study was performed to evaluate renal vascular responsiveness (RVR)
      to ANG II in hypertensive transgenic rats [TGR; strain TGR(mRen2)27] harboring
      the mouse ren-2 renin gene. Renal blood flow (RBF) responses to either
      intravenous or intrarenal arterial administration of ANG II were assessed in
      pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized female heterozygous TGR (9-12 wk old) and age
      matched transgene-negative Hanover Sprague-Dawley rats (HanSD). Intravenous bolus
      injections of 15 and 30 ng ANG II elicited dose-dependent increases in mean
      arterial blood pressure (AP) and decreases in RBF in both TGR and HanSD. However,
      the magnitude of the increases in AP was greater in TGR than in HanSD (24 +/- 1
      vs. 17 +/- 2 mmHg and 33 +/- 2 vs. 25 +/- 1 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.05 in both
      cases). Similarly, the magnitude of the decrease in RBF elicited by intravenous
      administration of 15 ng of ANG II was greater in TGR than HanSD (-62 +/- 3 vs. 
      52 +/- 5%, P < 0.05). Intrarenal arterial administration of 1.5 and 3 ng ANG II
      did not alter mean AP in either group but elicited larger decreases in RBF in TGR
      than in HanSD (-24 +/- 2 vs. -13 +/- 1% and -41 +/- 5 vs. -30 +/- 2%,
      respectively, P < 0.05 in both cases). In contrast, intrarenal arterial
      administration of norepinephrine (40 and 80 ng) elicited smaller decreases in RBF
      in TGR than in HanSD (-24 +/- 3 vs. -40 +/- 6% and -51 +/- 9 vs. -71 +/- 8%,
      respectively, P < 0.05 in both cases), indicating that TGR do not exhibit a
      generalized increase in RVR to endogenous vasoconstrictors. Furthermore, the
      enhanced RVR to ANG II does not appear to reflect an impaired RVR to endogenous
      vasodilator factors since intrarenal administration of bradykinin and
      acetylcholine elicited larger increases in RBF in TGR than in HanSD. The present
      findings indicate that hypertensive TGR exhibit exaggerated renal and peripheral
      vascular responses to ANG II, which likely contributes to an increased renal and
      peripheral vascular resistance and thereby to the hypertension in TGR.

PMID- 9950964
TI  - A nucleoside-sensitive organic cation transporter in opossum kidney cells.
AB  - Renal secretion of organic cations and anions are pleiotropic, active processes
      in mammals. Some nucleosides such as deoxyadenosine (dAdo), 2
      chlorodeoxyadenosine, and azidothymidine are secreted by human and rodent
      kidneys. Previous work (J. A. Nelson, J. F. Kuttesch, Jr., and B. H. Herbert.
      Biochemical Pharmacology 32: 2323-2327, 1983) indicated a role for the classic
      organic cation transporter (OCT) in the secretion of the dAdo analog, 2'
      deoxytubercidin, by mouse kidney. Using [14C]tetraethylammonium bromide
      ([14C]TEA) as a substrate, we tested several renal cell lines for a nucleoside
      sensitive OCT. American opossum kidney proximal tubule cells (OK) express a
      cimetidine-sensitive and metabolic-dependent ability to efflux TEA. Other classic
      OCT inhibitors and several nucleosides also inhibit TEA efflux by these cells in
      a manner reflecting structural specificity for the carrier. Inhibition of OCT by
      nucleosides is not a universal feature of OCTs, since TEA transport mediated by
      cloned rat kidney OCT2 in the Xenopus laevis oocyte system was not inhibited by
      the same nucleosides. In conclusion, OK cells appear to possess an OCT that may
      also transport some nucleosides by a novel carrier.

PMID- 9950966
TI  - Potential advantage of flash echocardiography for digital subtraction of B-mode
      images acquired during myocardial contrast echocardiography.
AB  - Optimal assessment of myocardial perfusion with contrast echocardiography by
      using B-mode imaging often requires image alignment and background subtraction,
      which are time consuming and need extensive expertise. Flash echocardiography is
      a new technique in which primary images are gated to the electrocardiogram and
      secondary images are obtained by transmitting ultrasound pulses in rapid
      succession after each primary image. Myocardial opacification is seen in the
      primary image and not in the secondary images because of ultrasound-induced
      bubble destruction. Because the interval between the primary and first few
      secondary images is very short, cardiac motion between these images should be
      minimal. Therefore we hypothesized that 1 or more secondary images could be
      subtracted from the primary image without the need for image alignment. The
      ability of ultrasound to destroy microbubbles was assessed by varying the
      sampling rate, line density, and mechanical index in 6 open-chest dogs. The
      degree of translation between images was quantified in the x and y directions
      with the use of computer cross-correlation. At sampling rates of 158 Hz or less
      and a mechanical index of more than 0.6, videointensity rapidly declined to
      baseline levels by 25 ms. Significant translation between images was noted only
      at intervals of more than 112 ms. It is concluded that flash echocardiography can
      be used for digital subtraction of baseline from contrast-enhanced B-mode images
      without image alignment. Background subtraction is therefore feasible on-line,
      potentially eliminating the need for off-line image processing in the future.

PMID- 9950967
TI  - Superiority of the combination of blood and agitated saline for routine contrast
      enhancement.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the modification of the saline echo
      contrast method by mixing blood with agitated saline before intravenous
      injection. In 20 patients, contrast echocardiography was performed with a
      conventional technique from the apical 4-chamber view. We used 2 techniques: (1)
      the combination of blood (1 mL) withdrawn from the patients and air-agitated
      saline agitated, (2) air-agitated. In all patients, the blood combination
      technique was judged to make a greater contrast, with the agreement of all 3
      reviewers. Peak echo intensity of the right ventricular cavity by the blood
      combination technique was significantly higher than that by agitated saline
      alone. In conclusion, the use of the combination of blood and agitated saline is
      superior to agitated saline alone for the opacification of the right atrium and
      ventricle in routine echocardiography.

PMID- 9950968
TI  - Increased prevalence of patent foramen ovale in patients with severe chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - This study was designed to assess the prevalence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in
      patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the
      magnitude of any effects of right-to-left interatrial PFO shunting on systemic
      arterial oxygen desaturation after the Valsalva maneuver. The prevalence of PFO
      was compared between a group of 20 patients with severe chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease (FEV1% <50%; FEV1/FVC <50%) and 20 control subjects (FEV1%
      >70%; FEV1/FVC >70%) by contrast transesophageal echocardiography during the
      Valsalva maneuver with simultaneous measurement of systemic arterial oxygen
      saturation (SaO2) by pulse oximetry. Patients with severe COPD (FEV1 = 27.2% +/-
      8.4%; FEV1 /FVC = 44.3% +/- 11.0%) had a significantly higher pulmonary artery
      systolic pressure (38.3 +/- 7.3 vs 21.0 +/- 2.4 mm Hg; P <.005), higher
      prevalence of PFO (14/20 = 70% vs 7/20 = 35%; P <.05), and greater systemic
      arterial desaturation after Valsalva (Sao2 change: -2.6% +/- 1.4% vs -1.1% +/-
      0.9%; P <.005) than control subjects. In the severe COPD group, the degree of
      systemic arterial desaturation after Valsalva in patients with PFO was
      significantly greater than in patients without PFO (Sao2 change: -3.1% +/- 1.4%
      vs -1.5% +/- 0. 5%; P <.05). Significant systemic arterial oxygen desaturation
      was observed after Valsalva in 45% of patients with interatrial PFO shunting and
      severe COPD. This significantly correlated with the degree of pulmonary
      hypertension (r = 0.6; P <.05). We conclude (1) that patients with severe COPD
      have an increased prevalence of PFO and (2) that approximately one half of
      subjects with severe COPD and PFO demonstrate statistically significant systemic
      arterial oxygen desaturation after the Valsalva maneuver.

PMID- 9950969
TI  - Estimation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure with the difference in
      pulmonary venous and mitral A durations is limited when mitral E and A waves are
      overlapped.
AB  - Previous studies showed that difference in pulmonary venous and mitral A-wave
      durations can be used for the estimation of left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure, which is based on the assumption that the pulmonary venous A wave and
      mitral A wave start with the beginning of left atrial contraction. It is also
      assumed that the mitral A wave ends with the end of left atrial contraction.
      These assumptions may not be correct if left atrial contraction occurs before the
      early left ventricular filling is completed. Adequate Doppler mitral inflow and
      pulmonary venous flow signals were obtained simultaneously with left ventricular
      pressures at the cardiac catheterization laboratory in 50 patients who showed
      separated E and A waves in mitral inflow. After heart rate was increased by right
      atrial pacing to make the mitral E and A waves overlap, Doppler and hemodynamic
      measurements were repeated. When E and A waves are separated, pulmonary A-wave
      duration exceeding mitral A-wave duration has a sensitivity of 67% and
      specificity of 85% in the prediction of elevated left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure (>/=20 mm Hg), whereas the pulmonary A wave ending later than mitral A
      wave has a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 45%. When the mitral E and A
      waves are overlapped, the pulmonary A wave ending later than mitral A wave is
      better for the prediction of elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
      (sensitivity 55%, specificity 75%) than pulmonary A-wave duration exceeding
      mitral A-wave duration (sensitivity 9%, specificity 96%). However, overall, both
      methods are limited for clinical use.

PMID- 9950970
TI  - Abnormal global left ventricular relaxation occurs early during the development
      of pharmacologically induced ischemia.
AB  - In animal and human models, left ventricular (LV) diastolic function has been
      observed to be highly sensitive to myocardial ischemia. The response of LV
      diastolic parameters to pharmacologically induced ischemia, however, has not been
      characterized and might be important in the interpretation of dobutamine stress
      echocardiography. Eight mongrel dogs, in which were inserted a high-fidelity
      micromanometer LV catheter, coronary sinus sampling catheter, and ultrasonic
      coronary artery flow probe, underwent intravenous dobutamine infusion at
      escalating doses both before (control protocol) and after (ischemia protocol)
      creation of left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis with a hydraulic
      cuff occluder adjusted to maintain resting coronary artery flow but attenuate
      reactive hyperemia. At each dobutamine dose, epicardial short-axis 2-dimensional
      echocardiographic images and hemodynamic measurements were obtained. LV diastolic
      function was examined by calculation of peak (-)dP/dt and the time constant of
      isovolumic relaxation (tau). The dobutamine infusion protocol was terminated on
      the earliest recognition of an anterior wall motion abnormality. Peak (+)dP/dt
      normalized for developed isovolumetric pressure was calculated as a relatively
      load-independent index of global LV contractile function. Dobutamine infusion
      with and without ischemia resulted in comparable changes in heart rate and
      (+)dP/dt/IP, with no change in LV end-diastolic or -systolic pressure. The
      magnitude of peak (-)dP/dt increased less during the ischemia (1231 +/- 109 to
      1791 +/- 200 mm Hg/sec) versus the control (1390 +/- 154 to 2432 +/- 320 mm
      Hg/sec) protocol (P <.05). Similarly, the observed decrease in tau was less
      during the ischemia (53 +/- 3 to 38 +/- 4 msec) than the control (51 +/- 5 to 23
      +/- 3 msec) protocol, corresponding to a slower rate of relaxation (P <.05). In
      addition, the smaller decrease in tau was observed at the dobutamine dose before
      the dose at which an echocardiographic wall motion abnormality was first
      recognized. Dobutamine-induced ischemia is associated with abnormal LV diastolic
      function. In addition, these abnormalities seem to occur early in the development
      of ischemia. These observations extend to pharmacologically induced ischemia
      prior findings from other models of ischemia, suggesting the high sensitivity of
      LV diastolic function to the development of myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 9950971
TI  - Left ventricular systolic wall motion velocities along the long and short axes
      measured by pulsed tissue Doppler imaging in patients with atrial fibrillation.
AB  - Pulsed tissue Doppler imaging was performed to measure systolic left ventricular
      (LV) posterior wall motion velocity along the long and short axes and to evaluate
      the relationships between the systolic variables and the maximum first derivative
      (peak dP/dt) of the LV pressure curve and the 2 preceding R-R intervals in 39
      patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The study group consisted of 22 patients
      with AF only, 17 patients with dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy and AF, and 25
      healthy control subjects in sinus rhythm. The systolic component of the LV
      posterior wall motion velocity was divided into the first (Sw1) and second (Sw2 )
      systolic waves. The peak Sw1 along the long axis was greater than either that
      along the short axis or the peak Sw2s along the long and short axes in the
      control and AF-only groups. The peak Sw1 along the long axis was lower in the AF
      only group than in the control group, and those along the short and long axes
      were lower in the dilated AF group than in the other groups. The peak Sw1 almost
      coincided with the peak dP/dt. The peak Sw1 along the long axis correlated
      closely with the peak dP/dt, and the ratio of the preceding R-R interval to the
      interval before the preceding ("prepreceding") R-R interval in both AF groups,
      particularly in the dilated AF group, and the slopes of their relationships were
      steeper in the dilated AF group than in the AF-only group. The peak Sw2 along the
      short axis was greater than that along the long axis in the control and AF-only
      groups. The peak Sw2 along the long axis was lower in the AF-only group than in
      the control group, and those along the short and long axes were lower in the
      dilated AF group than in the other groups. The peak dP/dt was lower and the LV
      end-diastolic pressure was higher in the dilated AF group than in the other
      groups. In conclusion, peak Sw1 along the long axis is useful for the evaluation
      of isovolumic myocardial LV contractility, and the interval-force relation and
      the Frank-Starling mechanism are important factors of beat-to-beat variability in
      systolic LV function in patients with AF.

PMID- 9950972
TI  - Color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity is a relatively preload
      independent index of left ventricular filling.
AB  - Standard Doppler indexes of transmitral filling vary in response to alterations
      in left ventricular (LV) relaxation or preload. To determine whether color M-mode
      Doppler flow propagation velocity (vp), a new index of LV relaxation, is affected
      by preload, we obtained LV volumes, standard Doppler filling indexes, and vp in
      20 patients at baseline, during Trendelenburg's position, inverse Trendelenburg's
      position, and after inhalation of amyl nitrite. LV end-diastolic volume decreased
      from 111 +/- 41 mL at baseline and 116 +/- 43 mL during Trendelenburg's position,
      to 104 +/- 40 during inverse Trendelenburg's maneuver and 92 +/- 33 mL after
      inhalation of amyl nitrite (P <.0001). Peak early filling velocity decreased from
      79 +/- 19 cm/s and 90 +/- 20 cm/s to 73 +/- 22 cm/s and 64 +/- 20 cm/s,
      respectively (P < 0.0001). In contrast, no significant changes were found in vp
      (48 +/- 24 and 50 +/- 26 cm/s vs 48 +/- 25 and 48 +/- 25 cm/s). We conclude that
      vp is not affected significantly by preload. Thus vp may provide a more reliable
      and independent assessment of LV relaxation.

PMID- 9950973
TI  - Quantitative assessment of chronic aortic regurgitation with 3-dimensional
      echocardiographic reconstruction: comparison with electromagnetic flowmeter
      measurements.
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiography and color Doppler are useful in the qualitative
      assessment of aortic regurgitation. However, color Doppler planar methods are not
      accurate in quantifying regurgitant flow, in part because of the complex geometry
      of aortic regurgitant flow events. Three-dimensional echocardiographic
      reconstruction is a new technique that provides dynamic 3-dimensional images of
      intracardiac color flow jets. We sought to determine whether the measurement of
      aortic regurgitant jet volume by 3-dimensional echocardiography correlated with
      the true regurgitant volume, measured by electromagnetic flowmeter in vivo, to
      accurately reflect the severity of aortic regurgitation. We performed volume
      rendered 3-dimensional echocardiography in 6 sheep with surgically induced
      chronic eccentric aortic regurgitation. We obtained a total of 22 aortic
      regurgitation states by altering loading conditions. Instantaneous regurgitant
      flow rates were obtained by aortic and pulmonary electromagnetic flowmeters. The
      maximum aortic regurgitant jet volume by 3-dimensional echocardiography and the
      maximum jet area by 2-dimensional echocardiography were measured and compared
      with electromagnetic flowmeter data. By electromagnetic flowmeter, aortic
      regurgitant flow rate varied from 0.14 to 3.1 L/min (mean 1. 25 +/- 0.78); aortic
      regurgitant stroke volume varied from 1 to 34 mL/beat (mean 12 +/- 8), and
      regurgitant fraction varied from 3% to 42% (mean 25% +/- 12%). The maximum jet
      volume by 3-dimensional echocardiography correlated very well with the aortic
      regurgitant stroke volume (r = 0.92; P <.0001), with the mean regurgitant flow
      rate (r = 0.87; P <.0001), and with the regurgitant fraction (r = 0. 87; P
      <.0001) derived from electromagnetic flowmeter. Both intraobserver and
      interobserver variability on the measurement of the jet volume by 3-dimensional
      echocardiography were excellent (r = 0.98; P <.0001 and r = 0.90; P <.001,
      respectively). The maximum jet area by 2-dimensional echocardiography did not
      correlate with the aortic regurgitant stroke volume (r = 0.41; P = not
      significant) and related poorly with the regurgitant fraction (r = 0.52; P <.05)
      by electromagnetic flowmeter. Dynamic 3-dimensional echocardiography can allow
      better determination of the geometry of the aortic regurgitant jet and may assist
      of quantifying the severity of aortic regurgitation.

PMID- 9950974
TI  - Doppler echocardiographic features of coronary artery fistula: report of 8 cases.
AB  - Coronary artery fistula is a rare congenital anomaly in which the involved
      coronary artery empties into a cardiac chamber, pulmonary artery, or other
      structure. Its diagnosis can be made noninvasively by finding a dilated coronary
      artery by 2-dimensional (2D) echocardiography, and its drainage can be detected
      by color flow mapping. We describe features of coronary artery fistulas in 8
      patients whose condition was prospectively diagnosed by Doppler echocardiography
      with color flow mapping. The right coronary artery was involved in 4 cases and
      the left coronary artery in 4. Four fistulas drained to the right ventricle, 2 to
      the right atrium, and 2 to the pulmonary artery. In 1 patient who had left and
      right coronary fistulas to the pulmonary artery, only the first was diagnosed
      noninvasively. The diagnosis of coronary fistulas can usually be made by 2D
      echocardiography with color flow mapping. However, fistulas to the pulmonary
      artery may be more difficult to detect by 2D echocardiography because the
      coronary artery may be of normal size and the shunt small.

PMID- 9950975
TI  - Utility of contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of aortic dissection.
AB  - Determination of ascending aortic involvement in aortic dissection has
      significant implications in prognosis, immediate surgical referral, and surgical
      approach. We report 2 cases of the use of an echo contrast agent in enhancing the
      diagnostic capability of transesophageal echocardiography in suspected ascending
      aortic dissection. Contrast echocardiography eliminated the linear artifacts
      often confused with true dissection flaps and allowed easy identification of the
      presence of true and false lumina.

PMID- 9950976
TI  - Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve and total anomalous pulmonary
      venous connection.
AB  - It has been shown that congenital absence of the pulmonary valve rarely occurs by
      itself but tends to be associated with other heart defects, especially tetralogy
      of Fallot. Other malformations and other complex cardiac malformations also have
      been described in patients with absent pulmonary valve. In this report we
      describe the findings of a patient with this combination of cardiac defects who
      survived spontaneously to adulthood.

PMID- 9950978
TI  - The vascular fellowship: a critical review.

PMID- 9950977
TI  - Clinical relevance of subclinical tricuspid regurgitation after orthotopic
      cardiac transplantation.

PMID- 9950979
TI  - Progression of asymptomatic carotid stenosis: a natural history study in 1004
      patients.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to delineate the natural history of the
      progression of asymptomatic carotid stenosis. METHODS: In a 10-year period, 1701
      carotid arteries in 1004 patients who were asymptomatic were studied with serial
      duplex scans (mean follow-up period, 28 months; mean number of scans,
      2.9/patient). At each visit, stenoses of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and
      the external carotid artery (ECA) were categorized as none (0 to 14%), mild (15%
      to 49%), moderate (50% to 79%), severe (80% to 99%), preocclusive, or occluded.
      Progression was defined as an increase in ICA stenosis to >/=50% for carotid
      arteries with a baseline of <50% or as an increase to a higher category of
      stenosis if the baseline stenosis was >/=50%. The Cox proportional hazards model
      was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The risk of progression of ICA stenosis
      increased steadily with time (annualized risk of progression, 9.3%). With
      multivariate modeling, the four most important variables that affected the
      progression (P <.02) were baseline ipsilateral ICA stenosis >/=50% (relative risk
      [RR], 3.34), baseline ipsilateral ECA stenosis >/=50% (RR, 1.51), baseline
      contralateral ICA stenosis >/=50% (RR, 1.41), and systolic pressure more than 160
      mm Hg (RR, 1. 37). Ipsilateral neurologic ischemic events (stroke/transient
      ischemic attack) occurred in association with 14.0% of the carotid arteries that
      were studied. The progression of ICA stenosis correlated with these events (P
      <.001), but baseline ICA stenosis was not a significant predictor. CONCLUSION: In
      contrast to recently published studies, we found that the risk of progression of
      carotid stenosis is substantial and increases steadily with time. Baseline ICA
      stenosis was the most important predictor of the progression, but baseline ECA
      stenosis also was identified as an important independent predictor. Contralateral
      ICA stenosis and systolic hypertension were additional significant predictors. We
      found further that the progression of ICA stenosis correlated with ischemic
      neurologic events but not baseline stenosis. The data provide justification for
      the use of serial duplex scans to follow carotid stenosis and suggest that
      different follow-up intervals may be appropriate for different patient subgroups.

PMID- 9950980
TI  - Outcome of moderate carotid artery stenosis in patients who are asymptomatic.
AB  - PURPOSE: The incidence rate of disease progression and stroke after the diagnosis
      of a moderate (50% to 79%) carotid stenosis was determined by means of color-flow
      duplex scanning. METHODS: During a 4-year period, 344 male veterans with moderate
      internal carotid artery stenoses, on one or both sides, were examined at regular
      intervals for a mean period of 25 months. Carotid color-flow scans were obtained
      semiannually. Clinical follow-up was performed to determine the incidence rate of
      amaurosis fugax, transient ischemic attacks, nonhemispheric symptoms, and
      strokes. RESULTS: New neurologic symptoms developed in 75 patients (21.8%). Fifty
      one (14.8%) had ipsilateral symptoms during follow-up: 18 amaurosis fugax (5.2%),
      14 transient ischemic attacks (4%), 5 nonhemispheric symptoms (1.4%), and 14
      strokes (4%). Twenty-four patients (6.9%) had contralateral symptoms: 20 strokes
      (5.8%) and 4 transient ischemic attacks (1.2%). Life-table analysis showed that
      the annual rate of ipsilateral neurologic events was 8.1%, and the annual rate of
      stroke was 2.1%. Seventy-five patients (22%) died in the follow-up period.
      Disease progression to 80% to 99% stenosis or occlusion occurred in 71 of 458
      vessels (15.5%). The internal carotid arteries that showed evidence of disease
      progression had a significantly higher initial peak systolic velocity (251 vs 190
      cm/s; P <.0001) and end diastolic velocity (74 vs 52 cm/s; P < 0.0001). Black
      patients and patients with ischemic heart disease were at a higher risk for
      disease progression. We could not identify any atherosclerotic risk factors that
      reliably predicted patients in whom future ipsilateral neurologic symptoms were
      more likely to develop. However, there was an increased risk of stroke associated
      with progression of disease. CONCLUSION: Patients who are asymptomatic and who
      have moderate carotid stenoses are at significant risk for neurologic symptoms
      and death, but have a relatively low incidence rate of ipsilateral events. The
      initial flow characteristics in the stenotic vessel are predictive of future
      disease progression, but they are not helpful in identifying patients in whom
      symptoms will develop.

PMID- 9950981
TI  - Carotid restenosis: operative and endovascular management.
AB  - PURPOSE: Surgical management of carotid restenosis (CR) after carotid
      endarterectomy (CEA) has been associated with a higher perioperative complication
      rate than that of primary CEA. We recently used carotid angioplasty-stenting
      (CAS) as an alternative to operative management in patients who had undergone CEA
      within three years, and we retrospectively compared these results with those of
      operative management of CR and the overall results of CEA. METHODS: CEA was
      performed on 1065 adult patients (58% symptomatic, 42% asymptomatic), 62% of whom
      were men (n = 660) and 38% of whom were women (n = 405), from 1989 to 1997.
      Before our initiation of a program of CAS, 16 operative procedures (1.9% of CEAs)
      were performed for CR in 14 adult patients (7 women and 7 men). During the last
      20 months, CAS was used in the management of 17 CRs (16 patients; 9 women and 7
      men). RESULTS: The 30-day stroke morbidity-death rate for all CEAs (n = 1065) was
      1.4%; 11 strokes (1. 0%) occurred (4 major strokes with disability and 7 strokes
      with minor or no disability), and 4 deaths (0.4%) occurred (2 deaths caused by
      myocardial infarction, 1 caused by intracranial hemorrhage, and 1 caused by
      stroke). Operative management of CR (n = 16) included patch angioplasty in 12
      cases (autologous vein patches in 10 cases and synthetic patches in 2 cases),
      whereas interposition grafting was used in 4 cases (saphenous vein in 3 instances
      and synthetic [polytetrafluoroethylene] in one case). No strokes or deaths were
      observed. One recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred (6.2%). Among the 16
      patients undergoing 17 CAS procedures, the technical procedures were accomplished
      in all patients. No strokes or deaths occurred. No recurrent restenoses (50% or
      greater) have been identified within or adjacent to the CAS procedures.
      CONCLUSION: CR caused by myointimal hyperplasia can be managed by operative
      techniques or CAS with comparable periprocedural complications. Although long
      term follow-up will be required to determine the incidence of recurrent
      restenosis, CAS may become the preferred procedure in these cases. A randomized
      clinical trial ultimately will be necessary to determine the role of CAS, as
      compared with that of operative management.

PMID- 9950982
TI  - Cervical reconstruction of the supra-aortic trunks: a 16-year experience.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to review 182 consecutive cervical
      reconstructions of supra-aortic trunks, which were performed over a 16-year
      period. METHODS: A total of 182 innominate, common carotid, or subclavian
      arteries were reconstructed with a cervical approach in 173 patients aged 23 days
      to 83 years. Indications included hemispheric (n = 79), vertebrobasilar (n = 56),
      upper extremity (24), and internal mammary/cardiac ischemia (n = 5), asymptomatic
      severe common carotid disease (n = 33), or other (n = 3). Primary atherosclerotic
      innominate (n = 6), common carotid (n = 84), and subclavian (n = 66) lesions
      underwent reconstruction. Thirty-one operations were performed for multiple trunk
      involvement, recurrent disease, arteritis, infection, dissection, coarctation, or
      aneurysm. There were 122 bypass grafting procedures (98 ipsilateral, 24
      contralateral) and 60 arterial transpositions. RESULTS: One death (0.5%) and 7
      nonfatal strokes (3.8%) occurred, none in patients who were asymptomatic.
      Perioperative morbidity included four asymptomatic occlusions (2%), 6 myocardial
      infarctions (3%), 10 pulmonary complications (5%), and 2 graft infections (1%).
      Follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 190 months (mean, 53 +/- 5 months). Nineteen
      patients (10%) were lost to follow-up. Fifty-seven late deaths occurred, most
      from cardiac causes. Seven reconstructions necessitated late revision. The
      cumulative primary patency rate at 5 and 10 years was 91% +/- 2% and 82% +/- 5%,
      respectively. The survival rate at 5 years was 72% +/- 4% and at 10 years was 41%
      +/- 6%. The stroke-free survival rate was 92% +/- 2% at 5 years and 84% +/- 2% at
      10 years. CONCLUSION: Cervical reconstruction of symptomatic and asymptomatic
      supra-aortic trunk lesions carries acceptable death and stroke rates and provides
      a long-term patient benefit. This should be the preferred approach for
      asymptomatic lesions and for patients with significant comorbidity because it
      carries less morbidity than direct transmediastinal aortic-based reconstruction.

PMID- 9950983
TI  - Descending thoracic aorta to iliofemoral artery bypass grafting: a role for
      primary revascularization for aortoiliac occlusive disease?
AB  - PURPOSE: Bypass grafts that originate from the descending thoracic aorta to the
      iliac or femoral arteries are well described but are not commonly used as primary
      procedures, and the long-term results remain unknown. A 15-year experience with
      50 descending thoracic aorta to iliofemoral artery bypass grafts for aortoiliac
      occlusive disease is the basis of this report. METHODS: From January 1983 to
      December 1997, patients who underwent bypass grafting procedures from the
      descending thoracic aorta to the iliac or femoral arteries were identified.
      Surgical indications, morbidity and mortality rates, primary and secondary
      patency rates, limb salvage rates, and survival rates were determined. RESULTS:
      Fifty descending thoracic aorta to iliofemoral artery bypass grafting procedures
      were performed 24 (48%) for severe claudication, 22 (44%) for rest pain, and 4
      (8%) for ischemic ulceration. A primary procedure was performed in 31 patients
      (62%) for complete occlusion (21 patients) and severe atherosclerotic disease (10
      patients) of the infrarenal aorta. The indications for 19 secondary
      revascularizations (38%) were prior aortic or extra-anatomic graft failure in 17
      cases and aortic graft infection in 2 cases. The follow-up periods ranged from 1
      to 150 months (mean, 39 months). The cumulative life-table 5-year primary
      patency, secondary patency, limb salvage, and survival rates were 79%, 84%, 93%,
      and 67%, respectively. An improved patency trend was observed for patients who
      underwent operation for severe claudication as compared with limb-threatening
      ischemia (92% and 69%; P =.07). However, there was no difference between primary
      and secondary operations in primary patency rates (81% and 79%; P = NS) or
      survival rates (72% and 62%; P = NS). CONCLUSION: Descending thoracic aorta to
      iliofemoral artery bypass grafting has excellent overall long-term results. These
      results support its more liberal use for primary revascularization, especially
      for patients with severe atherosclerotic disease or complete occlusion of the
      infrarenal aorta.

PMID- 9950984
TI  - Infrainguinal arterial reconstruction for claudication: is it worth the risk? An
      analysis of 409 procedures.
AB  - PURPOSE: Infrainguinal reconstruction traditionally has been reserved for
      patients with limb-threatening ischemia. Surgery for debilitating claudication,
      however, has been discouraged as a result of the perceived fear of bypass graft
      failure, limb loss, and significant perioperative complications that may be worse
      than the natural history of the disease. In this study, the results of
      infrainguinal reconstructions for claudication performed during the past 10 years
      were evaluated for bypass graft patency, limb loss, and long-term survival rates.
      METHODS: Data were collected and reviewed from the vascular registry, the office
      charts, and the hospital records for patients who underwent infrainguinal bypass
      grafting for claudication. RESULTS: From 1987 to 1997, 409 infrainguinal
      reconstructions were performed for claudication (9% of all infrainguinal
      reconstructions in our unit). The patient population had the following
      demographics: 73% men, 28% with diabetes, 54% smokers, and an average age of 64
      years (range, 24 to 91 years). Inflow was from the following arteries: iliac
      artery/graft, 10%; common femoral artery, 52%; superficial femoral artery, 19%;
      profunda femoris artery, 16%; and popliteal artery, 2%. The outflow vessels were
      the following arteries: 165 above-knee popliteal arteries (40%), 150 below-knee
      popliteal arteries (37%), and 94 tibial vessels (23%). The operative mortality
      rate was 0%, and one limb was lost in the series from distal embolization. The
      primary patency rates were 62%, 77%, and 86% for above-knee popliteal artery,
      below-knee popliteal artery, and tibial vessel reconstructions at 4 years, and
      the secondary patency rates were 64%, 81%, and 90%, respectively. Cumulative
      patient survival rates were 93% and 80% at 4 and 6 years as compared with 65% and
      52%, respectively, for infrainguinal reconstructions performed for limb salvage.
      CONCLUSION: Infrainguinal arterial reconstruction for disabling claudication is a
      safe and durable procedure in selected patients. These data indicate that concern
      for limb loss, death, and limited life span of the patients with this disease may
      not be warranted.

PMID- 9950985
TI  - Duplex scanning alone is not sufficient imaging before secondary procedures after
      lower extremity reversed vein bypass graft.
AB  - PURPOSE: Duplex surveillance of lower extremity reversed vein bypass grafts
      (LERVG) is a means of identifying patients at risk for occlusion. The perceived
      accuracy of duplex scan as a means of identifying stenoses has led many surgeons
      to perform graft revision on the basis of duplex scan alone. This may result in
      missing additional lesions that are threatening patency. To assess the role of
      duplex scan as the sole imaging method before revision of LERVGs, we reviewed
      consecutive patients undergoing revisions who underwent preoperative
      arteriography after identification of duplex scan abnormalities. METHODS: Duplex
      scan results, operative reports, and preoperative arteriograms for patients
      undergoing LERVG revision from January 1990 to December 1997 were reviewed. A
      standard duplex scan surveillance protocol was followed, and attempts were made
      to survey the entire graft, including inflow and outflow. Duplex scan results
      were compared with the results of preoperative arteriograms and the operation
      performed to determine if all significant lesions were identified by means of
      duplex scan alone. RESULTS: Two hundred five LERVG revisions were performed. The
      5-year assisted primary patency rate was 91%. In 119 cases (58%), arteriography
      did not contribute significantly to duplex scan findings. Arteriography
      significantly contributed to operative planning in 86 cases (42%). In 38 cases
      (19%), only a low-flow state was identified by means of duplex scan, and a
      correctable stenosis was identified by means of arteriography. In 48 cases (23%),
      additional significant lesions corrected at operation were identified by means of
      arteriography. These included 26 inflow, 16 graft, and 8 outflow lesions.
      Arteriography was most useful as a means of determining the revision procedure
      performed when there were inflow lesions (P <.05) or when the proximal
      anastomosis was to the profunda or superficial femoral arteries (P <.05). All
      frequently performed bypass graft configurations had some discrepancy between
      arteriographic and duplex scan findings. CONCLUSION: Available data do not permit
      prediction of which LERVG are immune from missed lesions in a duplex scan
      surveillance protocol. This suggests to us that arteriography is mandatory before
      LERVG revisions.

PMID- 9950986
TI  - Venous morbidity after superficial femoral-popliteal vein harvest.
AB  - PURPOSE: The superficial femoral-popliteal vein (SFPV) is a reliable conduit for
      aortoiliac, infrainguinal, and venous reconstructions. In this prospective study,
      we characterized the anatomic and physiologic changes in SFPV harvest limbs and
      their relationship to the development of late venous complications. METHODS:
      Since 1990, we have studied 61 patients after harvest of 86 SFPVs at 6-month
      intervals with clinical examinations, lower-extremity venous duplex, and venous
      function tests. The CEAP system was used as a means of categorizing clinical
      changes. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SEM) follow-up was 37 +/- 3 months. Less than one
      third of harvest limbs had edema without skin changes (C3). No patient had major
      chronic venous changes (C4 to C6) or venous claudication. There were no
      significant differences in limb measurements between harvest and non-harvest
      limbs, except in a subgroup of patients with unilateral harvest in which there
      was a small but significant (P =.046) increase in harvest limb thigh and calf
      circumference, compared with the opposite non-harvest limb. These clinical
      results were not affected by the presence or absence of an intact greater
      saphenous vein (GSV). Large, direct collaterals (4 to 6 mm in diameter) between
      the popliteal vein stump and profunda femoris vein (PFV) were seen by means of
      duplex ultrasonography in 29 harvest limbs (34%). The remainder appeared to have
      smaller, less direct collaterals to the PFV. Mild venous reflux with rapid cuff
      deflation was present at the popliteal or posterior tibial vein in nine of 79
      harvest limbs (11%). Six of these nine limbs (67%) with reflux were clinical
      class C3, compared with only 19 of the 70 limbs without reflux (27%; P =.02).
      Ambulatory venous pressure (AVP) with exercise was significantly increased in
      harvest limbs (60 +/- 4.7 mm Hg), compared with non-harvest limbs (47.8 +/- 5.2
      mm Hg; P =.049). The AVP recovery time of harvest limbs (14.0 +/- 1.0 seconds)
      was reduced, compared with non-harvest limbs (23.5 +/- 4.5 seconds; P =.02). AVPs
      (exercise) remained stable or decreased in six of 10 harvest limbs measured
      serially. Venous refill time in harvest limbs (15.1 +/- 1.1 seconds) was
      shortened, compared with non-harvest limbs (22.3 +/- 2. 1 seconds)(P =.002).
      Venous outflow obstruction measured by means of plethysmography was present in
      93% of harvest limbs, compared with 36% of non-harvest limbs (P =.001).
      CONCLUSION: SFPV harvest results in minimal mid-term to late-term lower-extremity
      venous morbidity despite outflow obstruction. The most likely mechanisms
      preserving clinical status include the low incidence of mild reflux, the presence
      of collateral venous channels, and the lack of progression in abnormal harvest
      limb physiology. The absence of the ipsilateral GSV does not adversely affect
      clinical outcome.

PMID- 9950987
TI  - AneuRx stent graft versus open surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms:
      multicenter prospective clinical trial.
AB  - The results of a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter clinical trial that
      compared endovascular stent graft exclusion of abdominal aortic aneurysms with
      open surgical repair are presented. During an 18-month period, 250 patients with
      infrarenal aneurysms underwent treatment at 12 study sites-190 patients underwent
      endovascular repair using the Medtronic AneuRx stent graft (Sunnyvale, Calif),
      and 60 underwent open surgical repair. There was no significant difference in
      operative mortality rates between the groups. The patients who underwent stent
      grafting had significant reductions in blood loss, time to extubation, and days
      in the intensive care unit and in the hospital, with an earlier return to
      function. The major morbidity rate was reduced from 23% in the surgery group to
      12% (P <. 05) in the stent graft group. There was no difference in the combined
      morbidity/mortality rates between the two groups. Primary technical success at
      the time of discharge for the patients with stent grafts was 77%, largely as a
      result of a 21% endoleak rate. At 1 month, the endoleak rate had decreased to 9%.
      There was no difference in the primary or secondary procedure success rates at 30
      days between the surgery and stent graft groups. The primary graft patency rate
      at 6 months was 98% in the surgery group and 97% in the stent graft group. The
      aneurysm exclusion rate at 1 month and 6 months was 100% in patients who
      underwent surgery and 91% in patients who underwent stent grafting. Stent graft
      migration occurred in three patients and resulted in late endoleaks; each
      endoleak was corrected by means of endovascular placement of a stent graft
      extender cuff. There have been no aneurysm ruptures and no surgical conversions
      to open repair in the stent graft group. Stent graft repair compares favorably
      with open surgical repair, with a reduced morbidity rate, shortened hospital
      stays, and satisfactory short term outcomes.

PMID- 9950988
TI  - Immediate and late explantation of endovascular aortic grafts: the endovascular
      technologies experience.
AB  - PURPOSE: The morbidity and clinical outcome of the failure to successfully repair
      an abdominal aortic aneurysm with Endovascular Technologies (EVT) grafts,
      resulting in explantation of the device, was assessed. METHODS: The records of
      all patients worldwide undergoing attempted endovascular repair with EVT devices
      from February 1993 to October 1997 were retrospectively reviewed. Of 669
      patients, 19 (3%) were converted to open procedure with immediate explantation
      during the initial attempt at endovascular repair, and 27 patients (4%) required
      explantation at a later date, ranging from 1 day to 40 months. The incidence,
      morbidity, mortality, and effect on clinical outcome were evaluated. RESULTS:
      Causes of immediate conversion with explantation were: inaccurate deployment of
      the proximal or distal attachment systems (11 of 19; 58%); twists in the system
      (3 of 19; 16%); mechanism malfunction during deployment (4 of 19; 21%); and an
      aortic tear (1 of 19; 5%). Among the 27 patients undergoing late explantation, 20
      (74%) did so because of persistent endoleaks. Three cases (11%) were performed
      because of aneurysm rupture, three (11%) because of graft occlusion, one because
      of aortic dissection (4%), and one (4%) because of graft migration into the
      aneurysm sac. The overall perioperative mortality rate was 11% (2 of 19) for
      immediate explantation and 7% (2 of 27) for late explantation. The average length
      of-stay was 11 days for immediate explantation and 14 days for late explantation
      (NS). Complications included myocardial infarction (4%), pulmonary insufficiency
      (13%), wound infection (4%), and permanent renal failure (2%). There were no
      significant differences in the incidence rates of these complications between
      immediate and late explants. No cases of limb loss occurred. Median American
      Society of Anesthetists (ASA) classification was 3, and there was no correlation
      between ASA classification and mortality rate. Average operating time was 374
      minutes for immediate explantation (including the time for the failed
      endovascular procedure) and 185 minutes for late explantation. CONCLUSION:
      Immediate and late explantation are infrequent events, occurring in 3% and 4%,
      respectively, of attempted EVT endovascular aortic stent placements. The
      mortality rate was higher for both immediate (11%; P <.05) and late (7%; NS)
      explantation when compared with the mortality rate of all patients undergoing EVT
      aortic endograft placement (1.5%). There does not appear to be increased long
      term morbidity among patients undergoing successful explantation. Early
      recognition of the need to convert to open procedure, device improvement, and
      increased operator experience should continue to minimize the incidence of
      immediate and late explantation and their associated complications.

PMID- 9950989
TI  - Interferon gamma up-regulates a novel protein in vascular smooth muscle cells.
AB  - PURPOSE: By means of the technique of messenger RNA (mRNA) differential display,
      we previously isolated a partial DNA clone found to be down-regulated at the
      polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hyperplastic arterial anastomosis compared with
      the normal artery. The partial DNA gene sequence was found to be homologous with
      interferon gamma up-regulated protein (IGUP) first found in human psoriatic
      keratinocytes. We cloned the entire IGUP gene from human vascular smooth muscle
      cells (VSMCs) to determine its regulation by gamma interferon (gamma-IFN) and
      other cytokines in cultured human VSMCs. METHODS: By means of polymerase chain
      reaction, the IGUP gene was amplified from a QUICK-Clone complementary DNA human
      aorta kit using 5' and 3' oligonucleotide primers to the known IGUP sequence.
      Immunohistocytochemistry studies compared normal artery and distal anastomotic
      IH. Human VSMCs were stimulated with 1000 U/mL of gamma-IFN, 5 ng/mL of platelet
      derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), 3. 2 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor,
      3.3 ng/mL transforming growth factor beta(TGF-beta), 10 ng/mL of vascular
      endothelial growth factor, and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for zero, 24, 48 and
      72 hours. Western blot analysis of lysates of the stimulated VSMCs was performed
      to determine up-regulation of IGUP. RESULTS: DNA sequencing confirmed the cloning
      of the entire coding region of the IGUP gene with 100% homology to the known IGUP
      DNA sequence. There was strong expression of IGUP in quiescent VSMCs and marked
      reduction of expression of IGUP in proliferating smooth muscle cells. gamma-IFN
      was the only cytokine, of the cytokines evaluated, to up-regulate production of
      IGUP in VSMCs. CONCLUSION: IGUP is a novel protein in VSMCs found to be down
      regulated in areas of anastomotic IH, as compared with a normal artery. We have
      now shown IGUP to be up-regulated only by gamma-IFN in human VSMCs. IGUP may,
      therefore, be the intermediary for the known gamma-IFN inhibition of human VSMC
      proliferation.

PMID- 9950990
TI  - The small heat shock-related protein-20 is an actin-associated protein.
AB  - PURPOSE: The activation of cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling pathways in
      vascular smooth muscle is important for the prevention of vein graft spasm and
      neointimal hyperplasia. Cyclic nucleotide-dependent relaxation is associated with
      an increase in the phosphorylation of a small heat shock-related protein (HSP20).
      In this investigation, we examined the mechanisms by which HSP20 may modulate
      relaxation. METHODS: The relaxation responses of the bovine carotid artery smooth
      muscles were determined in a muscle bath. HSP20 phosphorylation was quantitated
      with isoelectric-focusing immunoblots. The association with actin was determined
      with coimmunoprecipitation and cosedimentation. Molecular sieving columns were
      used to examine the macromolecular associations of HSP20. RESULTS: The activation
      of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways leads to the complete relaxation of
      carotid smooth muscle. This relaxation response is associated with an increase in
      the phosphorylation of HSP20. Actin coimmunoprecipitated with HSP20, and the
      association of actin with recombinant HSP20 in vitro was phosphorylation-state
      dependent. Finally, HSP20 exists in large (>100 kDa) aggregates, which dissociate
      with the activation of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways. CONCLUSION: These
      data support a role of HSP20 phosphorylation in mediating smooth muscle
      relaxation, possibly via a direct interaction of large aggregates of HSP20 with
      the contractile elements.

PMID- 9950991
TI  - Alterations in wall tension and shear stress modulate tyrosine kinase signaling
      and wall remodeling in experimental vein grafts.
AB  - PURPOSE: Hemodynamic alterations have been implicated as major stimuli for the
      development of intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts that are implanted in the
      arterial circulation. Tyrosine kinase is known to mediate cell signaling.
      However, its role with in vivo mechanotransduction is not yet well defined. We
      used a novel bioprosthetic collagen tube to provide an external support to vein
      grafts and examined the subsequent changes in hemodynamics, tyrosine kinase
      signaling, wall remodeling, and vasomotor function. METHODS: Carotid
      interposition bypass grafting was performed with the reversed jugular vein in New
      Zealand white rabbits. In the experimental group (n = 15), after the completion
      of the proximal anastomosis, the vein was passed through a 4-mm collagen tube and
      the distal anastomosis was performed. The tube support was fashioned to
      completely cover the vein grafts. The control animals (n = 14) had no tube
      support. After surgery, the blood pressure and flow rate were measured and the
      wall tension and shear stress were calculated in the vein grafts on day 3 or day
      28 (n = 5 per group). Tyrosine phosphorylation was assessed with the Western blot
      test in vein grafts at day 3 (n = 4 per group). The intimal and medial dimensions
      of the vein grafts were assessed with videomorphometry on day 28 (n = 5 per
      group). The cumulative dose response curves of the vein grafts to contractile and
      relaxant agonists were determined in isometric tension studies on day 28 (n = 5
      per group). RESULTS: The use of tube support reduced wall tension 1.7-fold (P
      <.01) and increased shear stress 4.8-fold (P <.001) without altering the flow
      rate or blood pressure. The tyrosine kinase activity was reduced 15-fold (P
      <.001) in the tube-supported vein grafts. The intimal thickness was reduced by
      45% in the tube-supported vein grafts as compared with the control grafts (46 +/-
      2 mm vs 84 +/- 5 mm, respectively; P <.0001), and the media thickness was reduced
      by 20% (63 +/- 8 mm vs 79 +/- 4 mm, respectively; P <.05). Isometric tension
      studies showed preservation of contractile function and modulation of endothelial
      dependent dysfunctional relaxation in tube-supported vein grafts. CONCLUSION:
      These results show that reduced wall tension and increased shear stress with an
      external tube support can effectively modulate the signaling, functional, and
      hyperplastic responses in vein grafts. We conclude that this simple strategy
      deserves further study and clinical consideration.

PMID- 9950992
TI  - Detection of distal emboli in patients with peripheral arterial stenosis before
      and after iliac angioplasty: a prospective study.
AB  - PURPOSE: Embolism is believed to be the major cause of end-organ damage after
      angioplasty and endoluminal procedures. Recently, Doppler ultrasound scanning has
      been used to detect asymptomatic cerebral emboli. We determined whether
      asymptomatic embolic signals (ES) could be detected distal to a significant iliac
      artery stenosis of >60% both before and soon after iliac percutaneous
      transluminal angioplasty (PTA). METHODS: A 2-MHz Doppler scan probe was used to
      monitor for ES in the common femoral artery before and after 10 successful iliac
      artery PTAs and at various standardized times in the following 24 hours. The same
      protocol was used to study 10 patients in the control group after renal PTA. In
      addition, a single recording was performed in a second nonoperative control group
      of 10 patients who had no evidence of peripheral vascular disease. The Doppler
      scan signals were recorded on tape for a later blinded analysis. RESULTS: In the
      24 hours before iliac PTA, asymptomatic ES were detected in four of 10 patients
      during a 1-hour recording but in no controls (P =.025). After iliac PTA, ES were
      detected at 30 minutes in nine of 10 iliac subjects but in only one of 10 renal
      subjects (P =.0003) and at 2 hours in eight of 10 iliac subjects but in only one
      of 10 renal subjects (P =.001). The occurrence of ES became less frequent, and ES
      were present at a lower frequency in eight of 10 iliac PTA subjects at 4 hours
      and in five of 10 at 24 hours but in no renal PTA subjects at these time points.
      CONCLUSIONS: ES can be detected in the common femoral artery with Doppler
      ultrasound scanning in patients with iliac artery stenosis both before and soon
      after iliac PTA despite preangioplasty aspirin and intra-angioplasty heparin
      therapies. The occurrences of ES were particularly frequent in the 2 hours after
      PTA. This technique can be used further to study factors that control plaque
      stability and to evaluate the effect of therapeutic interventions.

PMID- 9950993
TI  - Diabetes mellitus is the major risk factor for African Americans who undergo
      peripheral bypass graft operation.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: African Americans, especially African American women, have a greater
      risk of lower extremity ischemia that necessitates an infrainguinal bypass graft
      operation and amputation. Because the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is
      proportionally greater in this ethnic/racial group, the relative contribution of
      diabetes was compared with other potential risk factors. METHODS: This study was
      designed as a retrospective case control study at the University and Veterans
      Hospitals. In a 5-year period, 764 consecutive patients who required
      infrainguinal revascularizations were compared with a statewide population that
      was described by the 1995 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System database. The
      main outcome measure was the requirement for infrainguinal revascularization.
      RESULTS: Diabetes mellitus was more common among African American women who
      underwent bypass graft operation (70%; odds ratio [OR], 24.9; 95% confidence
      interval [CI], 20.3 to 30.4) than African American men (46%; OR, 11.6; 95% CI,
      8.9 to 15.2), white women (49%; OR, 15.9; 95% CI, 13.0 to 19.5), or white men
      (42%; OR, 14.8; 95% CI, 12.5 to 17.4). Overall, bypass graft operation was
      associated more strongly with diabetes mellitus for all groups (OR, 15.7; 95% CI,
      13.5 to 18. 3) than with smoking (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 3.8 to 5.2) or hypertension
      (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 4.0 to 5.3). Life-table analysis revealed limb salvage to be
      worse at 3 years among African American patients (64% vs 75%; P <.005) despite
      similar primary and cumulative secondary graft patency rates. CONCLUSION:
      Diabetes mellitus is the dominant risk factor that contributes to the need for
      bypass graft operation, especially among African American women. A greater
      prevalence of diabetes mellitus may account for the higher incidence of tissue
      necrosis and the increased requirement for distal bypass grafting and may
      contribute to the reduction in long-term limb salvage that was observed with
      these women.

PMID- 9950994
TI  - p53 gene transfer to the injured rat carotid artery decreases neointimal
      formation.
AB  - PURPOSE: We studied the effect of adenovirus-mediated p53 gene transfer on the
      injured rat carotid artery to determine its ability to decrease the formation of
      neointima. METHODS: In vivo gene transfer was used in isolated segments of
      balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. Genetically modified adenovirus containing
      the gene encoding for wild-type p53 (AdWTp53) was applied in three
      concentrations: 8 x 10(10), 1.6 x 10(10), and 8 x 10(9) pfu/mL. Control rats
      received either adenovirus null (AdNull), 8 x 10(10) pfu/mL, or Medium-199
      solution (vehicle). Expression of p53 was determined 4 days after gene transfer
      by Western blotting. Neointimal formation was assessed after 14 days by
      harvesting carotid arteries and determining the intima/media (I/M) ratio based on
      cross-sectional area measurement. Simultaneously, immunohistochemistry was done
      to detect the presence of p53 on smooth muscle cell nuclei. RESULTS: P53
      expression was confirmed by Western blotting. There was a significant reduction
      in neointimal formation on all treated animals compared with controls. The
      highest dose of AdWTp53 (8 x 10(10) pfu/mL) resulted in a near-total arrest of
      neointimal formation (I/M = 0.09 +/- 0.03, mean +/- SEM) with P <. 0001 versus
      vehicle (I/M = 2.23 +/- 0.15) or AdNull (I/M = 2.12 +/-. 12). The intermediate
      dose of AdWTp53 (1.6 x 10(10) pfu/mL) resulted in an I/M value of 1.04 +/- 0.18,
      with P <.001 versus vehicle and P =.001 versus AdNull. The lowest dose (8 x 10(9)
      pfu/mL) resulted in an I/M value of 1.12 +/- 0.18, with P <.001 versus vehicle
      and P <. 002 versus AdNull. The immunohistochemistry was positive for the
      presence of p53 in rats infected with AdWTp53. CONCLUSIONS: Adenovirus-mediated
      gene transfer of p53 protein significantly decreases the formation of neointima
      in the rat carotid injury model. This may represent a potential therapy for
      restenosis in humans.

PMID- 9950995
TI  - Attenuation of skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibition of tumor
      necrosis factor.
AB  - PURPOSE: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) has been shown to play a role in
      pulmonary injury after lower-extremity ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, its
      role in direct skeletal muscle injury is poorly understood. The hypothesis that
      endogenous TNF production contributes to skeletal muscle injury after hindlimb
      I/R in rats was tested. METHODS: Juvenile male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 4
      hours of bilateral hindlimb ischemia and 4 hours of reperfusion (IR) or sham
      operation (SHAM). A subset was treated with a soluble TNF receptor I construct
      (STNFRI, 10 mg/kg) 1 hour before ischemia (PRE) or at reperfusion (POST). Direct
      skeletal muscle injury (SMII) and muscle endothelial capillary permeability (MPI)
      were quantified by means of Tc99 pyrophosphate and I125 albumin uptake. Pulmonary
      neutrophil infiltration and hepatocellular injury were assessed by means of
      myeloperoxidase content (MPO) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
      concentrations, respectively. Serum TNF bioactivity was measured with the WEHI
      bioassay. RESULTS: Hindlimb I/R (IR vs SHAM) resulted in a significant (P <.05)
      increase in the SMII (0.52 +/- 0.06 vs 0.07 +/- 0.01) and MPI (0.35 +/-.04 vs
      0.06 +/- 0.01). Pretreatment with STNFRI (PRE vs IR) significantly ameliorated
      both SMII (0.30 +/- 0.05 vs 0.52 +/- 0.06) and MPI (0.23 +/- 0.02 vs 0.35 +/-
      0.04), whereas treatment at reperfusion (POST vs IR) had no effect. Hindlimb I/R
      (IR vs SHAM) resulted in both significant pulmonary neutrophil infiltration (MPO
      16.4 +/- 1.06 U/g vs 11.3 +/- 1.4 U/g) and hepatocellular injury (AST 286 +/- 45
      U/mL vs 108 +/- 30 U/mL), but neither was inhibited by pretreatment with STNFRI
      before ischemia. Detectable levels of TNF were measured during ischemia in a
      significantly higher percentage of the IR group compared with SHAM (9 of 12 vs 3
      of 12), and the maximal TNF values were also significantly greater (51.1 +/- 12.6
      pg/mL vs 5.5 +/- 2.9 pg/mL). No TNF was detected in any treatment group during
      reperfusion nor after administration of the STNFRI. CONCLUSION: Acute hindlimb IR
      initiates a systemic TNF response during the ischemic period that is partly
      responsible for the associated skeletal muscle injury.

PMID- 9950997
TI  - The distinguished service award medal of the society for vascular surgery:
      richard Warren's legacy to vascular surgery 

PMID- 9950996
TI  - Mycotic vascular infections of large arteries with Mycobacterium bovis after
      intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy: case report.
AB  - Disseminated infection after intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin instillation
      for bladder cancer is a rare but potential complication. Vascular infection is an
      additional serious complication but is seldom reported. We present the first
      report of a small series of patients with vascular infections after intravesical
      bacille Calmette-Guerin instillation, and we review the related literature.

PMID- 9950998
TI  - "Variable induction of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms with different
      preparations of porcine pancreatic elastase".

PMID- 9950999
TI  - Regarding "A comparison of carotid angioplasty with stenting versus
      endarterectomy with regional anesthesia".

PMID- 9951000
TI  - Regarding "A comparison of carotid angioplasty with stenting versus
      endarterectomy with regional anesthesia" 

PMID- 9951001
TI  - Regarding "Aortoiliac stent deployment versus surgical reconstruction: analysis
      of outcome and cost" 

PMID- 9951002
TI  - Regarding "Detection of active cytomegalovirus infection in inflammatory aortic
      aneurysms with RNA polymerase chain reaction".

PMID- 9951003
TI  - Regarding "Impact of a critical pathway on postoperative length of stay and
      outcomes after infrainguinal bypass".

PMID- 9951004
TI  - Regarding "Aortoiliac stent deployment versus surgical reconstruction: analysis
      of outcome and cost".

PMID- 9951005
TI  - [Neurophysiological evaluation of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Type 2 spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA2) is the condition most often
      described (to date) in patients with hereditary ataxia, its prevalence being 52
      per 100,000 persons. OBJECTIVE: In patients with SCA2 neurogenic patterns are
      identified by means of electrophysiological techniques. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A
      transverse study was made of 70 persons with SCA2 of different periods of
      duration and from different regions of the country. The control group was made up
      of 108 volunteers. Electrophysiological recordings made were: conventional and
      quantitative electromyography, late F wave and H reflex responses. Multivariate
      methods with a confidence interval of 95% (alpha = 0.05) were used for
      statistical analysis. RESULTS: Conventional electromyography showed a pattern of
      isolated contractions, predominantly in patients who had had the disorder < or =
      5 years, classified as Grade I by the authors; in those with a history of > 5
      years there was a pattern of very isolated contractions with motor potentials of
      amplitudes > 10 microV, without denervation, classified as Grade II. The patients
      with worse clinical condition were concentrated in this latter group. Significant
      differences were observed between Groups I, II and control and also regarding the
      late responses of the F wave and H reflex. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time two
      types of neurogenic patterns of SCA2 have been established to describe
      alterations which denote participation of the first and second motor neurones.

PMID- 9951006
TI  - [Procedural learning in aphasic patients].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This study concerned the procedural learning of semantic
      categorization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The procedure used was a serial reaction
      time in an group of aphasic patients. RESULTS: Group of aphasic patients
      performed slower reaction times with more errors than the controls, but everyone
      manifested a decreasing reaction time, even during new semantic material
      categorization. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the semantic categorization
      could be facilitated by procedural learning. Furthermore, this study suggest that
      procedural learning of semantic categorisation is at least relatively independent
      from cerebral structures usually involved a group of aphasic patients.

PMID- 9951007
TI  - [Tool for the quantitative evaluation of symptoms in defined idiopathic
      Parkinson's disease].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the reliability of a clinical quantitative instrument for
      assessing the symptoms of Defined Idiopathic Parkinson Disease (DIPD). PATIENTS
      AND METHODS: From 148 patients with parkinsonism syndrome, the best 62 EPID
      cases, according to Calne et al (1992), and Larsen et al (1994) criteria--37
      males and 25 females--were selected. RESULTS: The age mean was 68.4 (7.4) year
      old, the age of onset was 64 (7.2) years, the time of evolution was 4.3 (2.9)
      years. 98.4% of the sample was in 1 to 3 Hoehn and Yahr clinical state. Right
      parkinsonism score (RPS) was 8.2 (4.2), and left (LPS) was 6.7 (4.8). Significant
      differences between right and left tremor, rigidity and dyskinesia scores were
      found (ji-squared, p < 0.05). Total parkinsonism score (TPS) was 14 (6.9).
      Several significant and high correlated coefficients were found between most of
      the scale's components and Hoehn and Yahr clinical state, TPS, and time of
      evolution (r > 0.40, p < 0.0001). Total 21 items scale Cronbach's alpha
      coefficient was 0.92. A stepwise multiple regression model showed that rigidity,
      postural reflex disorder, and micrography were able to predict the Hoehn and Yahr
      clinical state (81.4%, p < 0.0001). A principal component analysis showed that
      akinesia explained more than 59% of the instrument variance, while micrography
      only explained 0.57% of the variance (100 time lesser). CONCLUSION: A reliability
      structure of the instrument was demonstrated for assessing parkinsonism symptoms
      in DIPD subjects.

PMID- 9951008
TI  - [Changes in lymphocyte subsets s and treatment with beta interferon in active
      multiple sclerosis].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: We report that interferon beta decreases CD8 T cells percentage and
      increases CD4/CD8 cell's rate in vivo in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients.
      PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 40 patients (22 women and 18 men) with
      clinically definite active MS who received IFN beta. Twenty-six were treated with
      nIFN (9 MU/week) and 14 with rIFN (28 MU/week). All patients except two with
      secondary progressive forms presented relapsing remitting courses. Mean age and
      mean age at onset were 36.5 +/- 9 and 27.8 +/- 7 years respectively. Mean EDSS
      score was 2.96 +/- 1.8. Patients were reviewed at four weeks and every eight
      weeks and periodical studies of immunity were performed. T cell subpopulations
      (CD3, CD4, CD8 and NK) were studied byflow cytometry. RESULTS: The evolution of
      CD8 T cell percentage showed a statistically significant decrease in all blood
      samples after 20 weeks of treatment with rIFN (24.3 +/- 8 vs 34.7 +/- 5 in the
      control group) and after 36 weeks for nIFN beta group (25.7 +/- 6 vs 33.0 +/- 4
      in the control group). No changes were detected in CD4 T cell subset. The
      evolution of CD4/CD8 T cell rate showed an increase over the cut-off (2.200) in
      all blood samples after 20 weeks of treatment with rIFN (2.302 +/- 1.12, 2.332 +/
      0.99 and 2.488 +/- 1.61 for 20, 28 and 36 weeks respectively) and after 52 weeks
      for nIFN beta group (2.128 +/- 1.07, 2.346 +/- 1.09 and 3.168 +/- 3.87 for 52, 60
      and 68 weeks respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Both nIFN and rIFN beta are able in vivo
      to decrease CD8 percentage of T cells and increase CD4/CD8+ T cell rate. The
      increase in the rate is produced earlier in the rIFN treated group.

PMID- 9951009
TI  - [Stroke: a stranger among the people].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Lack of awareness of warning signs of stroke is a factor that
      contribute to late patient arrival to the emergency department. OBJECTIVE: The
      goal of this pilot study was to determine the baseline knowledge of stroke among
      the population (terminology, signs-symptoms, risk factors and attitude) prior to
      educational campaigns. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A population-based interview using
      closed-ended questions was conducted by neurologists among 100 users of the Vall
      d'Hebron's Primary Health Center, randomly sampled. RESULTS: In our population a
      9% unknowns totally the disease, of the remainder, 42% has a good knowledge of
      signs-symptoms and 46% of risk factors. Only 22% of the sample has good global
      knowledge of the disease. If suffering a stroke this population should seek
      medical attention through 911 (46.2%) or come directly to the emergency
      department (50.5%). If symptoms were gone away, transient ischemic attack (TIA),
      appears a trend to contact primary physicians (59.3%). Respondents aged > 65
      years were less likely to recognize symptoms (p = 0.001) and to consider stroke
      as an emergency. Respondents with an affected relative (50.5%) tend to locate
      more exactly the disease at the brain (p = 0.05) and to arrive earlier to the
      emergency department (p = 0.045), than those with non-affected relatives.
      CONCLUSIONS: Less than a quarter of our population have a good knowledge of the
      disease. Stroke is considered an emergency unlike TIA. The information about
      stroke is theoretically associated with early presentation to the emergency
      department. These results permit a redesign of the questionnaire to conduct a
      second phase of the study and generalize them for the Spanish population.

PMID- 9951010
TI  - [Delayed hospitalization of the patient with acute stroke].
AB  - INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: We analyze the main factors influencing the time
      delay between onset and admission to the hospital in acute stroke. PATIENTS AND
      METHODS: Consecutive series of 1,344 patients with acute stroke or transient
      ischemic attack admitted at two reference hospitals of Valencia and included at
      the same stroke register. Factors assessed were age, sex, vascular risk factors,
      stroke onset and arrival at hospital, stroke severity and stroke subtype.
      RESULTS: In 30% of patients the stroke onset time was unknown. 70.7% of patients
      with acute stroke, and known onset, arrived to the hospital in the first six
      hours. The median time from onset to admission was: TIA, 2 hours; cerebral
      infarct, 3 hours (lacunar infarcts 5 hours, non-lacunar infarcts 2 hours) and
      intracerebral hemorrhage, 2 hours. Patients with severe stroke arrive earlier at
      the hospital (p < 0.001). Neither sex, age, nor vascular risk factors influence
      the delay time. CONCLUSIONS: The arrival time varies with stroke subtype:
      patients with intracerebral hemorrhage or TIA arrive earlier than those with
      cerebral infarct, and non-lacunar infarcts earlier than lacunar ones.
      Furthermore, patients with severe stroke are admitted sooner at the hospital.

PMID- 9951011
TI  - [The risk of hemorrhage in long-term use of aspirin and triflusal].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Different studies have shown that aspirin (AAS), in low doses, may
      lead to a considerable frequency of hemorrhagic complications when used in the
      long term. OBJECTIVE: We compare the long-term occurrence of hemorrhagic
      complications with low doses of AAS and high doses of triflusal. PATIENTS AND
      METHODS: Our series included 106 patients who took 900 mg triflusal per day (300
      mg 3 times per day) and 111 who took AAS (330 mg/day once daily). The former were
      followed up for an average period of 48.3 months (20-94) and the latter for 46.3
      months (2-84). The average follow-up period for the study was 47.3 months. The
      presence of hemorrhagic complications was evaluated, as was their frequency and
      follow-up curve. RESULTS: Compared with AAS, triflusal led to a 76% reduction in
      risk of hemorrhagic complications (2.8% against 10.8%; OR 0.24; IC 0.06-0.94).
      There was a slightly increased incidence of hemorrhages in the women's group.
      There were more hemorrhages than gastrointestinal hemorrhages (4.5% against 0.9%)
      and intracranial hemorrhages (1.8%-0.9%). The follow-up curve showed significant
      differences in the form of an increased risk of hemorrhagic complications with
      AAS. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of hemorrhage with AAS depended on the period of
      follow-up, in a similar manner to with oral anticoagulant agents, in patients
      with prophylaxis of cerebral infarct. On the other hand, this did not occur with
      triflusal, with which the risk was homogeneous and lower in the long term.

PMID- 9951012
TI  - [Electrophysiological characteristics of asymptomatic relatives of patients with
      type 2 spinocerebellar ataxia].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Electrophysiological studies have been shown to be useful in
      hereditary ataxia, but only a small number of patients have been studied, and the
      duration of the illness, serial studies and molecular definition have not been
      taken into account. OBJECTIVE: We proposed, by means of electrophysiological
      techniques, to characterize the functional evolutionary state of the afferent and
      efferent systems in asymptomatic relations of patients with type 2
      spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA2). Patients and methods. A 10 year longitudinal,
      prospective study was made of 59 children of patients with SCA2. The sequence
      included four studies: 1986, 1991, 1994 and 1996, all with informed consent for
      the investigation. The control group consisted of 108 volunteers. The
      electrophysiological studies recorded were: conduction studies in peripheral
      nerves and multimodal evoked potentials. For statistical analysis multivariate
      methods were used with a confidence interval of 95% (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS:
      Electrophysiological alterations were observed even in the absence of clinical
      signs, such as reduced amplitude of sensory potentials, morphological changes and
      prolonged latency of the central components of somatosensory evoked potentials,
      and of brain stem auditory evoked potentials, whilst the visual evoked potentials
      remained normal. Of 79 relations studied during the 10 year investigation, 17 had
      clinical signs and were considered to be patients with SCA2. CONCLUSIONS: Four
      stages of the illness were defined: 'healthy', presymptomatic, and patients with
      and without nerve conduction block. These characterized the degenerative
      mechanisms of the afferent and efferent systems of the relations of patients with
      SCA2 who became ill themselves.

PMID- 9951013
TI  - [Section of the median nerve at the wrist].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The usefulness of neurophysiological studies of peripheral nerves
      depends basically on an understanding of the physiopathology, especially of the
      evolutionary aspects of the phenomena of reinnervation. CLINICAL CASE: We present
      the case of a girl with complete section and immediate anastomosis of the two cut
      ends of the median nerve, at the wrist. Sixty two days later she had unmistakable
      signs of reinnervation (response in the thenar eminence to an electrical stimulus
      of 300 uV in amplitude and 42 ms in latency, with denervation and reinnervation
      on the EMG of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle). DISCUSSION: The findings in
      our patient show a rather faster rate of nerve regeneration than is usually
      accepted in the literature. This may have been due to suitable selection of some
      of the parameters of the neurophysiological study, such as time of analysis and
      sensitivity, which when not satisfactory may lead to an impression of failure or
      delay in reinnervation.

PMID- 9951014
TI  - [Pseudotumor forms of demyelinating diseases. Report of three cases and review of
      the literature].
AB  - INTRODUCTION AND CLINICAL CASES: We present three patients with unusual clinical
      findings studied in our hospital, after a period of follow-up of at least two
      years from the time of diagnosis of their demyelinating condition. We discuss the
      clinical onset, CT and magnetic resonance findings, neuropathological studies and
      posterior clinical course. Anatomopathological studies were done in two of the
      cases, since the diagnoses were not clear and the other paraclinical
      investigations did not clarify things. DISCUSSION: The presence of large space
      occupying lesions or ring-like outlines in myelinating disorders may make it
      difficult to make a differential diagnosis from other conditions such as
      neoplasias and abscesses. This may lead to an erroneous initial diagnosis and
      even to the use of unsuitable, aggressive treatments. CONCLUSIONS: In young
      patients in whom radiological imaging suggests space-occupying lesions (single or
      multiple) one should consider the possibility of a primary demyelinating disease
      of the central nervous system with the appearance of a pseudo-tumour. In certain
      cases, stereotaxic biopsy should be considered if the diagnosis remains in doubt,
      rather than begin unsuitable treatment. The fundamental reason for the
      presentation of our cases is to emphasize that these pseudo-tumoral forms of
      demyelinating diseases should be considered in diagnosis.

PMID- 9951015
TI  - [Neurosyphilis and the prozone effect].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Neurosyphilis (NS) is an entity which still frequently presents to
      our Neurology Department. The prozone phenomenon occurs in approximately 2% of
      all cases of late primary syphilis or secondary syphilis; we have found no cases
      described of prozone and neurosyphilis occurring together. CLINICAL CASE: We
      present the unusual case of a 44 year old patient with NS and dementia PGP
      (progressive general paralysis). Initially serum VDRL was negative, but in CSF
      reacted at dilutions of 1:32. When serum VDRL was repeated using dilutions, it
      was reactive 1:128 and serum FTA was also reactive. The patient was treated with
      i.v. crystalline penicillin, after which his condition improved. CONCLUSIONS: We
      wish to draw attention to the possibility that patients with a dementia syndrome
      and negative serum VDRL may have the prozone phenomenon, and the laboratory
      should therefore be asked to do serial dilutions.

PMID- 9951016
TI  - [Neuro-radiological findings in probable moyamoya disease].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Unilateral moyamoya disease presents as unilateral stenosis or
      obstruction of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery, which causes cerebral
      hypoperfusion resulting in seizures or transitorial ischemic accidents (TIA).
      CLINICAL CASE: Atypical moyamoya disease was diagnosed as the cause of
      intraventricular hemorrhage in a 41 year-old-woman. The cerebral angiography, CT,
      MR and brain SPECT are reported. CONCLUSION: We discuss the clinic course and
      diagnostic techniques in this unilateral, atypical moyamoya disease and which
      steps are necessary toward an acceptable method for diagnosis and pursuit.

PMID- 9951017
TI  - [Moebius syndrome. Three different forms of presentation].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Moebius's syndrome is an entity present at birth, characterized by
      oculofacial paralysis and external ophthalmoplegia. Other cranial nerves can also
      be affected and associated to skeletal abnormalities and neurologic symptoms. It
      appears sporadically, sometimes of familiar nature, presenting special facies
      with total absence of facial expression and severe strabismus. The pathogenesis
      of the syndrome still remains unknown, being the transitory situation of fetal
      hypoxia/ischemic the most accepted theory. In some cases chromosomal
      abnormalities have been detected. CLINICAL CASE: We reported three children with
      different symptoms, two of them are siblings whose father is affected, but he was
      not diagnosed until adult age. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude pointing out the
      different presentation of the disease, the appearance in several members of a
      family and its chronically evolution.

PMID- 9951018
TI  - [Giant fusiform aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery. Surgical treatment with
      multiple clipping: a case report].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Giant cerebral aneurysms (GCA) are defined by sizes above 2.5 cm.
      GCA clinically appear by the mass effect exerted on adjacent structures, and in
      other cases, by embolismal action of the mural thrombo or as a post rupture
      subarachnoid hemorrhage. THERAPEUTICAL OPTIONS INCLUDE: inducting mural
      thrombosis, inserting an intraneurysmatic balloon, setting a bypass and surgical
      clipping. The major characteristics of giant fusiform aneurysm (GFA), the lack of
      neck and the inclusion of main vessels, give surgical treatment a great
      complexity. CLINICAL CASE: 25 year old woman diagnosed of GFA of the middle
      cerebral artery, treated with direct surgical access with clipping and
      reconstruction of the vascular wall with fenestrated clips arranged in tandem.
      CONCLUSIONS: The lack of an accessible neck for clipping and exclusion of giant
      and fusiform intracranial aneurysms, forced practising bypass as a compulsory
      surgical alternative. Multiple clipping was a viable choice because of its
      simplicity and less surgical risk. This technique is not applicable to giant
      serpentine aneurysms as it is only feasible in cases of fusiform aneurysms with
      no intraluminal thrombosis. A satisfactory evolution of this case, keeping
      asintomatic after 18 months of the intervention guarantees its application in
      young patients with giant thrombosed aneurysms of low clinical repercussion.

PMID- 9951019
TI  - [Subarachnoid hemorrhage as a form of onset of systemic lupus erythematosus].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The most frequent cause of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage
      (SAH) is rupture of intracranial arterial aneurysms (> 70%). The remainder are
      due to many different aetiologies. Although SAH is a relatively common
      neuropathological finding in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), it is normally
      due to the extent of the intercerebral hemorrhage and not to its isolated
      presentation. CLINICAL CASE: We report the case of a 34 year old woman who
      presented with non-traumatic SAH at the onset of her lupus disorder. The patient
      was attended for SAH and at the same time a multisystemic disorder and severe
      thrombocytopenia were found, leading to a diagnosis of SLE. The neuroimaging
      techniques, selective cerebral arteriography, cerebral and spinal magnetic
      resonance, and magnetic resonance angiography did not show any vascular
      malformations. The patient was treated with immunosuppressive therapy,
      nimodipine, and following angiographic tests, with antiaggregants and
      anticoagulants. CONCLUSIONS: The greater frequency of SAH in patients with lupus,
      as compared to the general population, has been attributed to the presence of
      intracranial vasculitis. However, neuropathological studies have shown that true
      vasculitis is very infrequent in the central nervous system of SLE patients. In
      the case we describe, the first in which SAH appeared at the onset of the
      disease, we consider that the origin of the hemorrhage was her high arterial
      blood pressure and thrombopenia.

PMID- 9951020
TI  - [Meningitis due to Salmonella in the neonatal period].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Meningitis due to Salmonella is an unusual sign of salmonellosis.
      Usually Salmonella causes clinical disorders of the digestive tract, but on
      occasions, especially in babies, may cause focalized infections such as
      meningitis. Although meningitis due to Salmonella is unusual, it should be
      remembered because of its gravity, since it has a high morbimortality. It mainly
      affects neonatal babies and those under 4 months of age. It usually precedes or
      is accompanied by gastroenteritis and has a rapid clinical course. CLINICAL CASE:
      We present the case of a neonatal baby girl, 17 days old, who was very irritable,
      had liquid or semi-liquid faeces and high fever of unknown origin with poor
      response to antipyretic drugs. On lumbar puncture a cloudy liquid, compatible
      with bacterial meningitis was obtained. Treatment was therefore started
      immediately with intravenous ampicillin and cefotaxima. CSF culture grew
      Salmonella which was resistant to ampicillin but sensitive to cefotaxima.
      Antibiotic treatment was given for 21 days. There was excellent clinical
      recovery. After eight months of follow-up no sequelae have been seen and her
      development, both psychomotor, in height and in weight is normal for her age.
      CONCLUSION: Meningitis due to Salmonella is an unusual condition. Immediate,
      suitable treatment is essential to obtain satisfactory recovery.

PMID- 9951021
TI  - [Carpal tunnel syndrome in childhood. A case of early onset].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the commonest neuropathy due to
      compression to be seen in adults. There are very few cases in the literature
      referring to patients of paediatric age, particularly those under ten years old.
      Most of these young patients had a metabolic disorder (mucopolysaccharidosis
      (MPS) or mucolipidosis (ML). In fact, as many as 90% of the MPS had CTS,
      sometimes subclinically. This syndrome is caused by compression of the median
      nerve at the level of the carpal tunnel, to which multiple factors may
      contribute, both local and systemic, as reviewed in this paper. The clinical
      findings differ from those in adults, but the appearance of suggestive symptoms
      and signs should make one suspect the condition and request an electromyographic
      study (EMG) which would be diagnostic. CLINICAL CASE: We describe the case of a
      five year old girl, with a clinical history suggesting the presence of a carpal
      tunnel syndrome for 12 months and characterized by paraesthesia and limitation of
      flexon-extension movements of the fingers of the affected hand, with pain on
      movement. The symptoms appeared on waking in the morning, gradually improved as
      the day advanced and became bilateral over a period of six months. The diagnosis
      was confirmed by EMG and MR helped to clarify the aetiology. CONCLUSION: The
      interesting aspect of this article is the youth of the patient, the absence of
      known etiological factors and the presence of tenosynovitis detected on MR as has
      been described in some idiopathic/familial forms.

PMID- 9951022
TI  - [Response to chemotherapy in cerebral primary lymphoma].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) are infrequent,
      rapidly growing and generally limited to the central nervous system (CNS). In
      recent years there has been a threefold increase in cases occurring in
      immunocompetent individuals. Conventional treatment with corticosteroids and
      radiotherapy is effective, but over 80% relapse in less than a year. Chemotherapy
      has significantly improved the results of treatment. CLINICAL CASE: We present a
      case of PCNSL in an immunocompetent patient which was resistant to radiotherapy
      (RT). There was progression of the lymphoma three months after irradiation, and
      later multicentric progression one month after radiosurgery. The patient had
      complete radiological remission after systemic chemotherapy. The clinical
      improvement was obvious, since before chemotherapy was started the patient was in
      coma and had episodes of apnea. The therapeutic response obtained was
      consolidated by intensive chemotherapy and hemopoietic support. The condition is
      still in remission three years after completion of this treatment. CONCLUSIONS:
      There are no publications about the results of combined radiotherapy and
      chemotherapy in series of patients with PCNSL, since there are relatively few
      patients and many methods of treatment are tried.

PMID- 9951023
TI  - [Sjogren syndrome and subacute demyelinating polyradiculopathy: an unusual
      association].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Sjogren's syndrome is a chronic inflammatory condition of unknown
      aetiology and autoimmune pathology. The defining feature is the dry syndrome,
      expressed as xerophthalmia and xerostomia. Extra-glandular involvement at many
      other levels may also occur. Neurological involvement is not unusual. The
      peripheral nervous system is most frequently involved, and a predominantly
      sensitive symmetrical distal polyneuropathy may be the first sign of the
      condition. Other patterns of peripheral involvement are also associated with the
      syndrome. We present a case of subacute demyelinating polyradiculopathy
      associated with primary Sjogren's syndrome. CLINICAL CASE: A 28 year old woman
      with dry syndrome presented with paraesthesia in her hands and feet, distal
      weakness, which had progressed proximally in the muscles of her arms and legs,
      and bilateral facial weakness. The condition progressed for eight weeks. When
      complementary tests were done, alterations typical of this condition (FR, ANA,
      anti-Ro and anti-La) were seen and also others typical of the dry syndrome
      (Schirmer's test). Therefore, in view of these findings and the clinical
      features, after other conditions had been ruled out, a diagnosis of primary
      Sjogren's syndrome was made. The type of neuropathy was determined by the
      clinical features, electromyography and CSF findings. Treatment with
      corticosteroids gave good results. CONCLUSIONS: Demyelinating polyradiculopathy
      is a form of peripheral nervous system involvement which is rarely seen in this
      disorder. In the differential diagnosis Sjogren's syndrome should be considered,
      an orientative history taken, autoantibodies determined and an ophthalmological
      examination made.

PMID- 9951024
TI  - [Spinal cord compression secondary to epidural extramedullary hematopoiesis in
      thalassemia: a clinical case and review of literature].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Extramedullary hematopoiesis generally occurs in a variety of
      hematological disorders where the normal functioning of the blood forming organs
      is disturbed. It is a common manifestation in thalassemia where it occurs as a
      compensatory phenomenon in order to combat long standing anemia. Spinal cord
      compression as a consequence of extramedullary hematopoiesis in the intraspinal
      epidural space is an extremely rare complication, though this complication has
      been reported more commonly in thalassemia. CLINICAL CASE: A case of spinal cord
      compression due to extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with thalassemia is
      reported. The patient was successfully treated with radiation therapy and blood
      transfusions and he made a complete clinical recovery. Development. The
      literature is reviewed and the efficacy of several treatments such as surgery,
      radiotherapy and blood transfusion therapy is discussed. Until recently surgical
      decompression followed by radiation therapy remained the recommended treatment.
      Hematopoietic tissue is particularly sensitive to the ionizing radiation and low
      dose radiotherapy is enough to relieve the spinal cord compression. Blood
      transfusion therapy may be diagnostically and therapeutically useful in the
      management of this entity. CONCLUSIONS: A prompt recognition of the syndrome and
      early treatment with radiotherapy and blood transfusion therapy is recommended to
      prevent irreversible damage to the spinal cord. Surgery may be only considered in
      the event of progressive neurological deficit despite of radiotherapy or blood
      transfusion therapy.

PMID- 9951025
TI  - [Acute presentation of leukodystrophy due to mitochondrial cytopathology and
      multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are a known cause of various
      mitochondrial cytopathies, which are sporadic and usually not due to maternal
      transmission. The multiple deletions are usually transmitted on a Mendelian
      pattern, and are frequently of autosomal dominant character. Leukodystrophy may
      be part of the picture, or even the form of presentation, of some mitochondrial
      cytopathies. Thus, in a case of leukoencephaly of unknown origin, mitochondrial
      cytopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis. CLINICAL CASE: We
      present the case of a boy with no previous clinical abnormalities who, at the age
      of 13, suddenly fell to the floor with an encephalopathy which required
      aggressive treatment, needing mechanical ventilation and prolonged sedation.
      Following partial recovery spastic-dystonic quadriplegia remained. Neuroimaging
      showed advanced leukodystrophy with small hemorrhages in the white matter, which
      later disappeared. After rejecting other aetiologies, mitochondrial cytopathies
      in muscle were studied. A partial defect of the I and IV complexes of the
      respiratory chain and two deletions of mtDNA were shown. CONCLUSIONS: This case
      is another example of the variable clinical presentation of mitochondrial
      cytopathies and yet another argument for their inclusion in the diagnosis of
      leukodystrophy of unknown origin.

PMID- 9951026
TI  - [Ganglion cell tumors].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Tumours of ganglion cells are very rare. They include:
      gangliocytoma, ganglioneuroma, Lhermitte-Duclos disease and dysembryoplastic
      neuroepithelial tumour. All require microscope identification of well
      differentiated neurons for diagnosis. Their pathogenesis is not fully understood.
      Some workers consider them to be dysplasias rather than true neoplasias; others
      refer to them as malformations. OBJECTIVE: We aim to analyze the most
      characteristic findings of these tumours with regard to the elements of which
      they are composed, their epidemiology, behavior on imaging investigations (CT and
      MR) and treatment. CLINICAL CASES: We present two cases: one patient with a
      gangliocytoma and one with a ganglioglioma. Both were treated surgically,
      confirmed on histological study and had good clinical results.

PMID- 9951027
TI  - [Intra-arterial fibrinolysis in acute thrombosis of the basilar artery].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Ischemia in the territory of the basilar artery presents with a
      variable clinical picture of hemiparesia-tetraplegia, progressive deterioration
      of level of consciousness, irregular respiration and apnea leading to
      irreversible coma and death in between 75% and 86% of cases. The usual treatment
      is supportive. CLINICAL CASE: We present the case of a 49 year old woman with
      acute thrombosis of the basilar artery and a progressive course leading to coma.
      No bulbar lesions were seen on the CT scan done in the Emergency Department.
      Thrombosis of the basilar artery and permeable bilateral carotid systems were
      shown on arteriography. There were no contra-indications to fibrinolysis.
      Following local fibrinolytic treatment with urokinase the patient had full
      recovery from her neurological disorder and no sequelae. The basilar artery
      remained permeable six months later. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency treatment with
      cerebral intra-arterial fibrinolysis within the first six hours, in a case of
      neurological deficit progressing in the basilar artery territory, with
      persistence of brain-stem functions and no signs of decerebration (provided there
      are no contra-indications to fibrinolysis and the initial cerebral CT scan shows
      no bulbar lesions) may save the patient's life, with total or partial recovery of
      brain-stem function.

PMID- 9951028
TI  - [Non-hereditary +hyperekplexia. Study of a patient with unusual ictal EEG
      features and review of the literature].
AB  - INTRODUCTION AND CLINICAL CASE: We present a male patient which presented distal
      muscular stiffness, from the first hours of the life. At this time, he also
      presented episodes of generalized muscular hypertonia with cyanosis and apnoea,
      started by somato-sensorial stimuli. Those episodes were terminated by passive
      flexion of the extremities and the head. Later, dream myoclonic jolts appeared.
      EEG tracings during hypertonic episodes showed an initial artefact potential
      followed by bursts of rhythmic and repetitive acute potentials in the bilateral
      fronto-central regions, at a 20-22 Hz frequency, similar to an epileptiform spike
      wave burst. The EMG showed a continuous muscular activity, suppressed by rest and
      the administration of diazepam. Treatment with oral diazepam has been very
      effective. Now, the patient is four years old, is asymptomatic and continues
      treatment with oral diazepam. If the dose is decreased, the child starts unstable
      march, startle response on somatosensory stimuli with falls, and above all
      nocturnal myoclonia. The patient does not have familiar antecedents of
      hyperekplexia, even in its minor form. CONCLUSION: Clinical picture suggests us a
      not familiar form of hyperekplexia.

PMID- 9951029
TI  - [Holmes-Adie syndrome. Clinical case].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The Adie tonic pupil is an intrinsic, isolated and benign
      ophthalmoplegia producing defective accommodation and anisocoria. The affectation
      is unilateral in the 90% of cases and can appear at any age. If associated to
      patellar tendinous reflexes abolition, constitutes Holmes-Adie syndrome. CLINICAL
      CASE: We present a 6 years old girl. She suffered a right temporal trauma with
      cephalea and vomiting for a few hours. After two months, she presented right
      mydriasis. There were no familiar antecedents. After a year evolution, she has
      not presented clinical changes. CONCLUSION: We comment the process's
      physiopathology.

PMID- 9951030
TI  - [Riluzole as a treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a disease characterized
      by the selective degeneracy of the superior motoneurons of the cortex motor and
      of the inferior motoneurons at level of the encephalic trunk and spinal marrow.
      Exist sporadic and familiar forms, being estimated an incidence of 1-2 cases by
      100,000 inhabitants. The cause of the neuronal degeneracy is yet unknown, being
      implied, between other mechanisms, the glutamic exotoxicity is the responsible
      for the death neuronal. The riluzol is a benzothiazole derivative whose
      neuroprotector mechanism still it has not been totally clarified, though seems
      that reduces the neuroexcitatory action of the glutamic acid blocking his
      transmission. DEVELOPMENT: Two clinical trials have been accomplished with
      similar characteristics: multicentre, randomized, double blind, and placebo
      controlled. Between both studies have been included more than 1,100 patient,
      obtained significant statistic results in the prolongation of the survival time,
      however this effect was not going accompanied of an improvement in the muscular
      force neither of the pulmonary capacity, what is translated in which the riluzol
      does not modify the quality of life of the patient. The drug presents good
      tolerance and mild adverse effects and as consequence of this in 1996, the FDA
      approved his marketing and utilization in the treatment of the ALS. The approval
      of the riluzol as first agent for the treatment of the ALS has raised an
      important number of problems about the efficiency and cost of the treatment.
      CONCLUSION: Though its benefits are modest, it is considered a starting point in
      the pharmacotherapy of the ALS.

PMID- 9951031
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of headache due to intracranial hypotension].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: In spite of the large number of authors who have studied headache
      following lumbar puncture and spontaneous intra-cranial hypotension, many aspects
      remain little known, and there is still no completely satisfactory non-invasive
      treatment. DEVELOPMENT: In one group of patients there is an increased risk of
      post lumbar-puncture headache: adults between 20 and 50 years old, of low body
      weight and a previous history of chronic bilateral headache. In these patients
      all possible prophylactic measures should be taken whilst the lumbar puncture is
      being performed, so as to avoid the onset of headache. Use of modern atraumatic
      needles of small diameter and with a lateral opening have been shown by many
      studies to be satisfactory. There are also other manoevres which help to reduce
      the frequency of post lumbar-puncture headache, such as the insertion and
      withdrawal of the needle with the bevel parallel to the fibres of the dura mater
      and reinsertion of the stylet before withdrawing the needle. Once the patient has
      developed post lumbar-puncture headache, or spontaneous intracranial hypotension,
      initially treatment with cerebral vasoconstrictors such as oral caffeine may be
      used. After a period of time (2-4 weeks) which makes spontaneous regression of
      the headache unlikely, the treatment of choice involves epidural patches.
      CONCLUSION: Well-designed studies are necessary to demonstrate the efficacy of
      oral caffeine (and other drugs) in post lumbar-puncture headache.

PMID- 9951032
TI  - [Memory in multiple sclerosis: review of performance and relationship with
      clinical variables and neuroimaging].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Neuropsychological studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) mainly have
      centred on the study of memory disorder. DEVELOPMENT: The prevalence of memory
      deficits in MS population is around 40-60%. These deficits could be sum up in an
      impaired immediate memory, a learning capacity lower than normal controls
      subjects and a worse long term memory. The results of the reviewed studies about
      the relationship between performance in memory tasks and clinical variables, show
      that physical disability and depressive symptoms do not influence this
      performance. Whilst, years of evolution and, mainly, disease course are related
      to a worse performance in memory tasks. In structural neuroimaging studies (CT
      and MRI) it is considered that ventricular dilatation and the total lesion load
      are predictor variables of MS patients performance in different memory tasks.
      CONCLUSION: This paper reviews several studies relative to amnesic function in
      subjects suffering from MS, emphasizing the most relevant contributions of the
      present neuropsychological literature.

PMID- 9951033
TI  - [Fetal nerve tissue, ethics and transplants].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The moral-ethical problem of the use of human embryos as a source
      of cells for neurotransplants involves serious conflicts as to which tissues to
      use, from which source, what method should be used to obtain them and also the
      search for alternative sources of tissues. DEVELOPMENT: In this paper we present
      a brief summary of ethical and medical points involved in the obtention,
      protection of the donor, preparation, safety and efficacy of human foetal nervous
      tissue in the context of neural transplants. The ethics of human foetal nervous
      tissue are very complex in that they represent a dilemma involving several points
      of medical ethics, which are themselves very controversial, including abortion,
      transplants and incorporation in the cerebral function of an individual. From a
      bioethical point of view, we consider aspects such as the establishment of an
      optimal source for obtention of nervous tissue for transplants, the safety and
      efficacy of this, informed consent for donation of tissue, availability and
      storage among other aspects. CONCLUSIONS: All programmes that envisage the use of
      foetal tissue for the purpose of transplants should strictly and truly conform to
      local and national ethical regulations before starting clinical trials.

PMID- 9951034
TI  - [Physiopathology of neurological signs of hypoxanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency is
      characterized by an increase in renal uric acid excretion, usually with
      hyperuricemia and may be associated with more or less important neurological
      symptoms. Based on a series of 20 patients from 16 Spanish families we propose
      that HPRT deficiency could be clinically classified in four different groups. In
      the more severe form (classic Lesch-Nyhan syndrome) HPRT deficiency is
      characterized by choreoathetosis, spasticity, mental retardation and compulsive
      self-mutilation behavior. The pathophysiology of the neurological symptoms
      remains unclear and there is no effective therapy. This review is intended to
      provide a research strategy for a better knowledge of the neurological
      pathophysiology of HPRT deficiency. DEVELOPMENT: We have analyzed the knowledge
      on the neurological symptoms of HPRT deficiency. This knowledge comes from
      histopathological studies of the brains from Lesch-Nyhan patients, chemical
      studies of the cerebrospinal fluid, experimental animal models (pharmacologic and
      lesioning and genetic approaches), and human in vivo studies with positron
      emission tomography. CONCLUSIONS: The observed findings suggest that the
      neurological symptoms of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome could be related with the neonatal
      neuronal and/or dopaminergic terminations damage. This damage could be due to
      lost or reorganization of dopaminergic system, and is associated with a reduced
      dopamine levels and with hypersensitivity of the D1 subclass dopamine receptors.

PMID- 9951035
TI  - [Register Alacant: register of the treatment of supra-aortic trunk stenosis with
      angioplasty and stent placement. Study group of Register Alacant].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The Register Alacant is a clinico-radiological register of patients
      in Alicante province with symptomatic carotid or vertebral artery stenosis,
      treated by means of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and subsequent
      placement of a Stent-type endovascular prosthesis. DEVELOPMENT: The aims of the
      register are as follows: 1. To evaluate the safety of this type of treatment. 2.
      To measure the clinical ultrasonographic and radiological efficacy of the
      technique in the short, intermediate and long term. In this article we consider
      the rational basis which led to its introduction and present the design of this
      register and aspects of organization which make it work in practice. There is
      only one centre (HG SVS Alicante) where this technique is used for treatment and
      another seven centres from which patients are 'recruited' and sent for
      angioplasty. Whilst the procedure is being carried out, the patient is monitored
      by transcranial Doppler using both medial cerebral arteries. On completion of the
      angioplasty the patients is immediately assessed clinically and subsequently
      daily for the first two post-operative days. Further follow-up is done in the
      centre which initially corresponded to each patient. Carotid eco-Doppler is done
      weekly as follow-up. Digital angiography is done one year later. All patients are
      followed-up indefinitely. The minimum follow-up period is one year, although
      three years or more are recommended. CONCLUSION: The register was started in
      April 1998 and monthly meetings are held to discuss and programme each case, and
      all the investigators participate in this.

PMID- 9951036
TI  - [Essential tremor: a review of pathogenic mechanisms].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Essential tremor (ET) is the commonest involuntary movement
      observed and is seen when a given posture is maintained. Although it does not
      affect life expectancy, it may cause considerable functional disability and
      serious psychological effects in the affected person. DEVELOPMENT: ET is a
      heterogeneous clinical condition. Its physiopathology is still not known, is very
      complex and involves many mechanisms, both structural and biochemical, although
      as yet there is no theory to include them all. In view of what is known at
      present, it may be accepted that there is a central oscillator at olive
      cerebellar-thalamic-cortical-spinal level, which is the primary generator of ET,
      modulated by a peripheral component. The tremor results from interaction between
      increased central excitability and peripheral regulation, which in turn
      reinforces the central overactivity. It may also be that the monoaminergic system
      (catecholaminergic and serotoninergic), adrenoreceptors (especially the B2
      muscular adreno-receptors) and the bodily structure itself, amongst other
      factors, may influence the pathogenic mechanism of ET. It is likely that there is
      a multifactorial genetic disorder which predetermines this physiopathogenic
      process, although this has not yet been determined. CONCLUSIONS: In this paper we
      review the various hypotheses and existing knowledge related to the
      aetiopathogenesis of TE.

PMID- 9951037
TI  - [Progressive hemiplegia and complete paralysis of the third cranial nerve as a
      clinical sign of a hemi-lateral mesencephalic-pontine bulbar infarct].

PMID- 9951038
TI  - [Acute phenytoin poisoning due to its interaction with fluoropyramidine].

PMID- 9951039
TI  - [Multiple nodular heterotopias and Kallman's syndrome].

PMID- 9951040
TI  - [Fatigue and multiple sclerosis: a study in a health district in the province of
      Zaragoza].

PMID- 9951041
TI  - [Ear lobe sulcus and ischemic cerebrovascular disease].

PMID- 9951043
TI  - [Neurosciences: an example of an interdisciplinary approach as an efficient
      strategy in the scientific investigation].

PMID- 9951042
TI  - [Pontine hematoma secondary to aneurysm of the PICA].

PMID- 9951044
TI  - [ELectro-trauma by lightning through the telephone].

PMID- 9951045
TI  - Huperzine A--an interesting anticholinesterase compound from the Chinese herbal
      medicine.
AB  - Huperzine A, alkaloid from the Chinese herbal medicine Qian Ceng Ta, which is
      prepared from the moss Huperzia serrata, has been used in China for centuries to
      treat fever and inflammation. Huperzine A is a strong inhibitor of
      cholinesterases with high selectivity to acetylcholinesterase and in China is
      developed as therapeutic against Alzheimer's disease. May be that huperzine A
      will be better than other centrally active anticholinesterases in treating this
      neurodegenerative disorder. Huperzine A appears to have additional
      pharmacological properties that make it an attractive candidate therapy for
      clinical trials.

PMID- 9951046
TI  - Hyperprolactinemia in obese as well as in lean females of Koletsky rats: effect
      of long lasting terguride treatment.
AB  - Plasma prolactin was measured in genetically hypertensive obese Koletsky rats, in
      their lean siblings and in normotensive rats of Wistar strain. Lean as well as
      obese females show hyperprolactinemia. The males of Wistar strain as well as
      obese rats and their siblings show comparable prolactinemia except lean males
      which show higher level than Wistar males. Sex dependence of prolactinemia is
      missing in the rats of Wistar strain. Long lasting terguride treatment decreases
      prolactinemia in obese as well as lean rats of both sexes. The drug showed
      decreased prolactinemia in the males of Wistar strain. When the group of rats are
      considered in correlation computation positive correlation can be documented
      between total plasma cholesterol and plasma prolactin. In obese females positive
      correlation was found between plasma insulin and plasma prolactin.

PMID- 9951047
TI  - Development of lipid and glycide abnormalities in genetically hypertensive obese
      Koletsky rats and in their lean siblings.
AB  - Experiments were performed in the genetically hypertensive Koletsky rats and in
      their lean siblings at the age of two and three months. In the study of
      development of glycide and lipid abnormalities animal represents control for
      itself. At the age of two months Koletsky obese rats show relative to their lean
      controls elevation of plasma triglycerides (males +184%, female +152%) and
      insulin (males +169%, females +201%). During one month plasma triglycerides
      elevated in lean males +9%, in lean females 0%, but in obese males +21%, in obese
      females +139%. Considering insulinemia similar results were obtained. Thus during
      one month insulin elevates in lean males +19%, in lean females +23%, but in obese
      males +80%, in obese females +144%. During one month glucose intolerance is
      elevated as well only in obese rats. Total plasma cholesterol during period of
      one month shows no changes in both substrains of rats. Similar picture can be
      found in basal glycemia. In all groups of rats no changes were registered except
      one, i.e., obese females show decrease. Considering the substrain differences in
      basal glycemia then at age of one as well as two months obese of both sexes show
      elevation. As to the body weight at the age of two as well as three months there
      is increase in obese rats. The changes of body weight during one month are
      expressively higher in obese rats.

PMID- 9951048
TI  - Systemic nicotine administration suppresses food intake via reduced meal sizes in
      both male and female rats.
AB  - The appetite suppressing effect of tobacco products, via the main pharmacological
      agent nicotine, is a major reason for its usage both by woman and man. Food
      intake (FI) could be changed by altering either meal size (MZ) or meal number
      (MN), which are regulated dependently in a reciprocal manner. The present study
      investigated the effect of systemic nicotine administration on the rat feeding
      pattern. Because of gender differences in the effects of nicotine, both male and
      female rats were studied. Alzet mini-osmotic pumps (Model 2001) and the automated
      rat eatometer were used to evaluate the feeding pattern of male and female
      Fischer 344 rats during seven days of systemic nicotine infusion (6 mg/kg b.w.
      s.c.). The main findings are: 1) systemic nicotine infusion decreased food intake
      in both sexes; 2) the decreased food intake was due to significantly reduced meal
      sizes while meal numbers were not altered significantly in either males or
      females; 3) the cyclical pattern of vaginal smears, food intake, meal number and
      meal size of female rats was not affected by nicotine administration. We conclude
      that the feeding suppressive effect of nicotine, which is due to reduced meal
      sizes and thus satiation, is not sex-hormones related.

PMID- 9951049
TI  - Medium-term results of coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with severe
      left ventricular dysfunction and preoperatively documented hibernating
      myocardium.
AB  - In patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD), severe left
      ventricular dysfunction (LVD) and hibernating myocardium (HM) demonstrated on
      preoperative assessment, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery can be
      performed safely with low operative morbidity and mortality rates. Surgical
      revascularization of reversibly dysfunctional myocardium improves significantly
      both patient's clinical status and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).
      Diagnosis of HM prior to CABG surgery seems to be crucial because it does not
      leave the patient with multivessel CAD and LVD a candidate only for heart
      transplantation (HTX). In the presence of HM, more aggressive surgical approach
      could be recommended to salvage chronically jeopardized but viable myocardium
      using not only routine CABG procedures in extracorporeal circulation (ECC) but
      also alternative approach of coronary endarterectomy (EAE) or minimally invasive
      direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) procedures on beating heart,
      without any adverse impact on operative mortality.

PMID- 9951050
TI  - [Acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 9951051
TI  - [Thrombolytic treatment of acute myocardial infarct. 1].
AB  - I-Rationale of thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). II
      Thrombolytic drugs. III-Effects of thrombolytic therapy on mortality. IV-Studies
      comparing the effects of various thrombolytic agents on mortality.

PMID- 9951052
TI  - [Thrombolytic treatment of acute myocardial infarct. 2].
AB  - V-Effects of thrombolytic therapy on coronary reperfusion and left ventricular
      function VI-Noninvasive markers of reperfusion. VII-Timing of thrombolysis. VIII
      Side effects and adverse outcomes.

PMID- 9951053
TI  - [Thrombolytic treatment of acute myocardial infarct. 3].

PMID- 9951054
TI  - [Coronary angioplasty in the acute phase of myocardial infarct].
AB  - Primary coronary angioplasty is a reperfusion method increasingly used for the
      treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Several studies are reviewed,
      demonstrating a reduction in mortality and morbidity, namely due to recurrent
      ischaemia and haemorrhagic stroke, in comparison to thrombolysis. This benefit
      seems larger in high risk patients, such as those with cardiogenic shock,
      anterior wall infarction, elderly patients and those with contraindications
      thrombolysis or with a non diagnostic electrocardiogram.

PMID- 9951055
TI  - [Post-myocardial infarct risk stratification].
AB  - The aim of performing diagnostic tests in patients with myocardial infarction
      before hospital discharge is to identify those with a high risk of recurrence or
      sudden death. It is convenient to perform these tests before discharge because
      the risk is higher in the next two months. The assessment of ventricular function
      is fundamental since it is the best predictor of post-infarction survival. There
      are many patients in which the combination of clinical, electrocardiographic and
      enzymatic data present a strong argument to assume that the loss of contractile
      myocardium was relatively small. In the remaining patients, the use of non
      invasive techniques, or even contrast ventriculography, is indispensable. The
      choice of method, be it exercise electrocardiography, stress echocardiography,
      rest or stress scintigraphy and coronary ventriculography, depends greatly on the
      resources available and the degree of reliability offered by the team performing
      the method. The sub-maximal exercise test performed before hospital discharge in
      patients with an uncomplicated infarction has already an undisputed role in
      determining prognosis. Stress echocardiography and stress or exercise thallium
      scintigraphy have a greater predictive value than the sub-maximum stress test.
      Their greatest advantage probably lies in the possibility of identifying the
      patients with a low risk of future cardiac events. In many centers, coronary
      angiography and ventriculography are preferred with out "wasting" time with non
      invasive methods, which, although more economical, give only indirect
      information. The existence of complex ventricular arrhythmias is an independent
      prognostic factor concerning mortality. Ambulatory electrocardiography and
      electrophysiological studies are the methods of choice for their detection, the
      latter having become routine as their value has increased due to the availability
      of implantable automatic defibrillators.

PMID- 9951056
TI  - [Stress echocardiography in myocardial infarct].
AB  - For patients with recent myocardial infarction, the main determinants of
      prognosis are: extent of transmural necrosis, state of the infarct-related artery
      and the presence and extent of myocardium at risk. The basic principle underlying
      the use of stress echocardiography states that myocardial ischaemia produces
      abnormalities of regional wall motion which are by themselves early, sensitive
      and specific markers of decreased perfusion. Dobutamine infusion allows for
      evaluation of myocardial contractile reserve by increasing inotropism. In low
      doses it gives us information on regional viability. In high doses, wall motion
      under increased oxygen demand, it becomes dependent on the ability of the
      coronary arteries to increase blood flow. Dipyridamole induces coronary
      vasodilation. In low doses it produces an increase in the blood flow. In high
      doses the steal effect deviates blood from the regions dependent on stenosed
      arteries. Ischaemia and regional wall motion abnormalities ensue. A negative
      stress echocardiogram, either under dobutamine or dipyridamole, has an excellent
      negative predictive value while a positive stress echocardiogram is predictive of
      an increased rate of events in the follow-up.

PMID- 9951057
TI  - [Myocardial viability. Concept, physiopathology. Methods and diagnostic value].
AB  - The purpose of this study is to describe the concept and physiopathology of
      myocardial viability to provide rational use of diagnostic methodologies and
      their value. Great relevance has been given to the diagnosis of myocardial
      viability since it was published in 1982, because of the consequences of
      therapeutic decisions and prognostic evaluation on the patient's quality of life.
      The cost/benefit values of these methodologies must be adequate in clinical terms
      and carefully assessed.

PMID- 9951058
TI  - [High-resolution electrocardiography in acute myocardial infarct].
AB  - The author starts by highlighting the importance of risk stratification in
      patients who have survived a myocardial infarction. High resolution
      electrocardiography, also called signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG),
      appears in this setting as a diagnostic tool that, by providing important
      information about the way the intraventricular conduction of the electrical
      impulse is made, contributes to the characterization of the arrhythmogenic
      substrate, which is the basis of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. By
      resorting to the averaging of the electrocardiographic signal, SAECG enables us
      to detect ventricular late potentials whenever the analysis of that signal is
      made in time-domain. Further details, which will enrich the information on
      ventricular activation, can be obtained if the analysis is made in the frequency
      domain (spectral analysis). The importance of detecting abnormalities in the
      SAECG recordings lies in the fact that those abnormalities are related to the
      occurrence of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, which are responsible for
      arrhythmic death. After referring to the criteria of positivity of SAECG and its
      reproducibility, the author approaches the most important part of the paper: the
      clinical applications of SAECG. After focusing on the interest of the method in
      noncoronary conditions, its usefulness in patients with acute myocardial
      infarction is pointed out. The author then mentions the prevalence of
      abnormalities in SAECG in patients with acute myocardial infarction and
      emphasizes the interest of the method in risk stratification. The author then
      presents the results of his Group in what concerns prevalence and prognosis.
      Finally, the author refers to the application of SAECG in other forms of coronary
      artery disease besides myocardial infarction.

PMID- 9951059
TI  - [Secondary prevention of myocardial infarct].
AB  - Preventive measures are the most powerful measures to treat manifestations of
      ischemic cardiopathy. Secondary prevention of myocardial infarction involves the
      following intervention areas: a) Limitation of adverse physiological and
      emotional consequences of the acute illness; b) Identification of the patients
      particularly exposed to the risk of new episodes of ischemic cardiopathy or to
      their consequences, namely reinfarction and sudden death; c) Institution of
      therapeutic attitudes, surgical or medical, that can prolong life and can oppose
      functional deterioration and prevent symptoms; d) Institution of measures that
      can oppose the progression of the initial disease that is, in almost all cases,
      atherosclerosis. Measures that can oppose the progression of cardiac disease and
      its consequences after an episode of myocardial infarction, and measures that can
      oppose the evolution of atherosclerosis are described in this article. The
      measures that can influence the risk factors after an episode of myocardial
      infarction are briefly commented: characteristics related to life style and
      physical exercise; smoking habits; plasmatic lipid levels; high blood pressure;
      and therapeutic substitution with estrogens after menopause. Pharmacological
      interventions in secondary prevention of myocardial infarction are described,
      namely with the following groups of substances: beta-adrenergic blocking agents;
      platelet active agents; anticoagulants; and angiotensin-converting enzyme
      inhibitors.

PMID- 9951060
TI  - [Treatment acute myocardial infarct in the pre-hospital phase].
AB  - The authors review and discuss the medical treatment in the prehospital phase of
      acute myocardial infarction while working at the Referral Centre for Emergency
      Patients of the National Institute for Medical Emergencies (CODU-INEM). The
      diagnosis of myocardial infarction should be suspected immediately by the doctor
      on duty at CODU-INEM in all patients with acute thoracic pain. Then it is
      essential to send a medical team to the scene as soon as possible after the onset
      of symptoms in order to treat and to prevent acute fatal complications.

PMID- 9951061
TI  - [Aortic peri-valvular abscess, mycotic aneurysm of Valsalva sinus, and fistula to
      the right ventricle in a context of acute infectious endocarditis].
AB  - Infective endocarditis continues to attract the attention of many physicians. The
      authors present a case report of a 64 year old man with a history of infective
      endocarditis of a native aortic valve complicated by a perivalvular abscess,
      mycotic aneurysm of a sinus of valsalva and acquired aorta-right ventricular
      shunt.

PMID- 9951062
TI  - [Increase of creatine kinase mb isoenzyme out of a context of acute myocardial
      infarct].
AB  - The increased serum level of the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase is a very useful
      test for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. However, there are several
      situations of false positives for this test that are scarcely mentioned in the
      standard medical references. We report a case of prostate carcinoma with a high
      serum creatine kinase BB fraction. The immunoinhibition method may cause a false
      increase in creatine kinase MB in this situation, which in the case presented
      suggested the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. We discuss patient diagnosis,
      laboratory methods for the determination of creatine kinase and the technical
      reasons for the false positives.

PMID- 9951064
TI  - [Evidence based medicine. A new paradigm for medical practice].
AB  - Modern medical practice is an ever-changing process, and the doctor's need for
      information has been partially met by continuous medical education (CME)
      activities. It has been shown that CME activities have not prevented clinical
      knowledge, as well as medical practice, from deteriorating with time. When faced
      with the need to get the most recent and relevant information possible, the busy
      clinician has two major problems: most of the published medical literature is
      either irrelevant or not useful; and there is little time to read it. Evidence
      based medicine constitutes a new paradigm for medical practice in the sense that
      it tries to transform clinical problems into well formulated clinical questions,
      selecting and critically appraising scientific evidence with predefined and
      rigorous rules. It combines the expertise of the individual clinician with the
      best external evidence from clinical research for rational, ethical and
      efficacious practice. Evidence-based medicine can be taught and practiced by
      physicians with different degrees of autonomy, with several subspecialties,
      working in the hospital or in outpatient clinics, alone or in groups.

PMID- 9951065
TI  - [Cochrane collaboration. What is it? What is it for? How does it contribute to
      the practice of evidence based medicine?].
AB  - This paper reviews Cochrane Collaboration and its structure. The authors explain
      the concepts of systematic review and meta-analysis. Some insights are provided
      on how products of the Cochrane Collaboration, namely the Cochrane Library, can
      contribute to the practice of Evidence-Based Medicine.

PMID- 9951066
TI  - [The correct formulation of clinical questions for the practice of evidence based
      medicine].
AB  - Evidence-based medicine is the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of the
      best evidence available to make decisions about the care of individual patients.
      The practice of EBM means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best
      available external clinical evidence from systematic research. The good practice
      of EBM begins with a well formulated clinical question, meaning that it should be
      clear, directly relevant to the problem at hand and answerable by searching in
      medical literature. This paper begins by presenting the central tasks of clinical
      work from which clinical questions arise. The components of well formulated
      clinical questions are then presented. Finally, some of the steps for the correct
      formulation of questions are discussed.

PMID- 9951067
TI  - [Critical assessment of articles on controlled clinical trials. I. Planning].
AB  - This is the first of two articles concerning the techniques of critical appraisal
      of controlled clinical trials. It presents an overview of the delicate points of
      the following issues: operational questions; definition of primary and secondary
      variables, classification of the trial as pragmatic or explanatory, selection of
      the population sample, study design and its appropriateness to the goals, sample
      size and overall statistical analysis. Particular attention is given to the value
      of randomisation and blinding for the prevention of bias.

PMID- 9951068
TI  - [Critical assessment of articles on controlled clinical trials II. Results].
AB  - The way trial results are reported affects the physician's decisions. We describe
      some methods for the critical appraisal of clinical trial results (relative risk,
      absolute risk reduction, number needed to treat, confidence intervals, etc.).

PMID- 9951069
TI  - [Guidelines and practice of evidence based medicine].
AB  - This is a review paper with pedagogic goals in essence. The concept of guidelines
      is defined and the function and types of guidelines described. Different types of
      guidelines, such as normative, methodological and practice-motivated, are
      considered. The most common methods for the drafting of guidelines are presented.
      The difference between evidence-based guidelines and consensus-based guidelines
      is established and the importance of grading the strength of recommendations in
      guidelines, on basis of the validity of the evidence, is stressed. Finally, an
      update of the role of guidelines in the practice of EBM is put forward.

PMID- 9951070
TI  - [Assessment of glomerular filtration rate in a hospital population. Comparison of
      two methods].
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to assess the value of Cockroft-Gault
      Formula (FCG) in the patients of an Internal Medicine ward. METHODS: FCG was
      compared with creatinine clearance (DC) adjusted for corporal area. Serum
      creatinine was measured after 24 h urine collection and 8 h fast. By the
      subtraction of FCG from DC, the variable difference (DIF) was calculated. FCG was
      calculated using total body weight (PT) and lean body weight (PS). All patients
      were included unless they had renal failure. RESULTS: Renal function was
      calculated in 92 patients, 33 women and 59 men. Mean age was 60.8 +/- 17.9 (13
      87). Mean FCG (64.7 +/- 27.4) and mean DC (68.4 +/- 32.6) were not significantly
      different and a correlation between them was found (r = 0.68; p < 0.001). Using
      PS to estimate FCG the correlation coefficient was increased to 0.75 (p < 0.001).
      DC and FCG using PT or PS correlated inversely with age (r = 0.59; r = 0.53; r =
      0.66, respectively; p < 00.1). In a cluster analysis model we could find that for
      extremes of renal function FCG overestimated (DIF = -10.4 +/- 13.3) or
      underestimated (DIF = 29.8 +/- 29.7) DC. The main influence for the difference
      between the two methods was body weight (r = -0.69; p < 0.001). The distribution
      by diagnosis led to two classes of patients for whom DIF was significantly
      different (p < 0.02), and body weight was the main factor. CONCLUSION: Cockroft
      Gault formula, although correlating with creatinine clearance, over or
      underestimates creatinine clearance for extremes of renal function. Age and body
      weight were the main factors for the differences found between the two methods.

PMID- 9951071
TI  - [Determination of the international normalized ratio (INR)].
AB  - The author explains the nature, reason and practical implications of determining
      the International Normalized Ratio (INR) for all clinicians and technical
      personnel, mainly those who work in laboratories. An exhaustive revision is made
      of the studies performed by the centres involved in thromboplastin calibration
      exercises to obtain the International Sensitivity Index (ISI) values.

PMID- 9951072
TI  - [Lupus pancreatitis].
AB  - We report the case of a sixteen year old female patient, admitted to a general
      hospital due to fever, poliarthritis, malar rash and vasculitis. Diagnostic
      studies confirmed the existence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Shortly after
      admission, the patient was transferred to an intensive care unit due to severe
      acute pancreatitis. In spite of its infrequency, the diagnosis of acute
      pancreatitis must always be considered whenever a patient with SLE presents
      abdominal pain. The authors emphasise the importance of an early diagnosis of
      this rare complication, with high mortality rates, and present a brief review of
      the international literature.

PMID- 9951073
TI  - [Scientific fraud. A disease we find among ourselves].
AB  - Scientific fraud is not a problem exclusive to countries with high scientific
      development. Fraud does not necessarily mean invention of results, usurpation of
      ideas, manifest plagiarism or any other kind of serious scientific misconduct.
      Although more rare in countries where scientific production is more modest,
      pungent cases of scientific fraud also exist. However, less notorious cases of
      scientific misconduct are frequent and must be avoided. Examples of these less
      notorious sins are presented. The seriousness of scientific fraud is not only due
      to the fact that it may involve public funds, which could have been put to more
      useful purposes but, above all, because it violates scientific ethics and
      frustrates the final aim of science, the discovery of truth.

PMID- 9951074
TI  - [Clinical medicine, research, and medical ethics].

PMID- 9951075
TI  - [Therapeutic recommendations. Secondary prevention of cerebral vascular
      accident].
AB  - The guidelines for secondary stroke prevention, graded following available
      scientific evidence, are presented. Stroke and TIA are defined and the
      indications for referral established. Basic assessment of stroke patients should
      include laboratory evaluation, ECG, brain CT, ultrasound examination of the
      extracranial vessels for events in the carotid distribution, and transthoracic or
      transesophageal echocardiogram if cardioembolism is suspected. The
      pharmacological and non-pharmacological reduction of blood pressure and serum
      cholesterol, stopping smoking and reducing alcohol intake are general measures
      recommended for secondary stroke prevention, together with healthier life-style
      changes (eating a Mediterranean type diet and performing regular moderate
      physical exercise). Concerning antithrombotic therapy, oral anticoagulants are
      recommended for patients with atrial fibrillation and other high to medium
      emboligenic cardiac risk conditions. Antiplatelet drugs are recommended for all
      other survivors of an ischemic cerebral event. Aspirin (75-325 mg/day) is the
      drug of choice. Alternative antiplatelet agents are clopidrogrel, ticlopidine,
      dipiridamol or triflusal. They can be used in patients with intolerance or
      contraindication to aspirin or in high-risk subjects. Endarterectomy of the
      symptomatic carotid is an additional procedure recommended for patients with
      ischemic stroke or TIA and carotid stenosis > 80% on the side of the symptomatic
      cerebral hemisphere.

PMID- 9951076
TI  - [Ischemia of the anterior vestibular artery (Lindsay-Hemenway syndrome). Review
      and comments].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The Lindsay and Hemenway syndrome is produced by ischemia in the
      territory of the anterior vestibular artery and is characterized by an initial
      episode of acute vertigo followed by benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and
      decreased or abolished caloric response. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of
      anterior vestibular artery syndrome in patients with benign paroxysmal positional
      vertigo. DESIGN: A 3-year retrospective study (January 1994 to December 1996).
      SETTING: Patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the Zamora and
      Salamanca (Spain) health districts seen in two outpatients clinics. STUDY
      SUBJECTS: Ninety-eight patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
      RESULTS: Sixteen patients diagnosed as anterior vestibular artery syndrome were
      revised (16.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Although the literature is scarce, the incidence of
      Lindsay-Hemenway syndrome seems to be underestimated.

PMID- 9951078
TI  - [Epidemiological-clinical study of tinnitus in the ambulatory care setting].
AB  - A questionnaire was distributed to 100 consecutive patients who consulted for
      tinnitus as their main complaint in a general ear, nose and throat clinic. The
      usefulness of the questionnaire as a tool for quickly obtaining pertinent data
      about the patientis history was established. Epidemiological and clinical
      findings that may help the clinician reach a diagnosis, prescribe complementary
      studies, initiate treatment, and continue follow-up are described.

PMID- 9951077
TI  - [Value of auditory evoked potentials of the cerebral brainstem in the diagnosis
      of retrocochlear tumors].
AB  - The use of auditory brainstem response (ABR) in the diagnosis of retrocochlear
      tumoral pathology has been established for years, but the development of magnetic
      resonance imaging for the same purpose calls for a review of the value of this
      method. We studied 200 ABR records made to exclude pathology. The results
      indicate that ABR is useful as a screening method in this type of pathology when
      carried out in a population with any auditory symptom, although it was not very
      suggestive. In most positive tests, the presence of pathology is not confirmed.

PMID- 9951079
TI  - [Role of nasosinusal endoscopic surgery in the treatment of headache and facial
      pain of rhinogenic origin].
AB  - Headaches and facial pain are common complaints. In many cases patients are
      referred to an otolaryngologist to determine if head pain is sinus related. In
      the absence of other nasal or sinus symptoms, some rhinogenic headaches can be
      overlooked or misdiagnosed. A complete history and thorough ENT examination,
      including nasal endoscopy, with or without coronal CT scans, is the key to the
      correct diagnosis. Subtle exploratory findings such as minimal inflammatory
      changes or anatomic abnormalities of the ostiomeatal complex area may cause
      pressure resulting in facial pain. When medical treatment fails to produce
      sustained relief, surgery may be considered. Current worldwide thinking firmly
      supports the endoscopic endonasal approach as a safe and effective form of
      treatment in patients with nasal and sinus disease. We prospectively assessed 67
      patients who underwent FESS for rhinogenic facial pain in the absence of other
      nasal or sinusal symptoms. The overall success rate was 93%. Only 5.9% of our
      cases had some minor complications. No major complications occurred.

PMID- 9951080
TI  - [Beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in recurrent childhood tonsillitis].
AB  - Beta-lactamase production by the normal pharyngeal flora could account for the
      failure of penicillin treatment in patients with recurrent tonsillitis. We
      studied the microbial flora of tonsils from 22 healthy children (control group)
      and from 40 children with recurrent tonsillitis who were treated with penicillin.
      Cultures were made before treatment and repeated 15 days after the first culture.
      Streptococcus pyogenes was recovered in 25% of the patients in the recurrent
      tonsillitis group. Beta-lactamase producing bacteria were recovered in 100% of
      children with tonsillitis and in 86.4% of the healthy children. We found a 65%
      failure rate of penicillin therapy in recurrent tonsillitis. Our results suggest
      that beta-lactamase production by pharyngeal organisms does not fully explain the
      failure of penicillin therapy for recurrent tonsillitis.

PMID- 9951081
TI  - [Melatonin in palate tonsils with recurrent acute tonsillitis and tonsillar
      hypertrophy].
AB  - Tonsils are a point of contact between the environment and the immune system. The
      pineal hormone melatonin is influenced by environmental dark-light variations and
      modulates the immune system. We measured the amount of melatonin present in
      pediatric tonsillar infectious and obstructive processes. The highest levels of
      tonsillar melatonin were found in tonsillar hypertrophy and the lowest levels in
      recurrent acute tonsillitis, with or without hypertrophy. Melatonin has an
      immunostimulative function and an antiapoptotic effect. The relationship between
      low tonsillar melatonin concentrations and infection, as well as high melatonin
      levels and increased tonsillar size is discussed.

PMID- 9951082
TI  - [Effectiveness of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in snoring disorders and obstructive
      sleep apnea].
AB  - We studied the effectiveness of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty under general
      anesthesia and classical surgery in 26 patients treated surgically for chronic
      snoring (CS) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Our technique is a
      variation of the Fujita and Quesada technique that involves partial resection of
      the palate and uvula with endonasal microsurgery. The criteria for inclusion were
      age 35 to 47 years and desire to do without C-PAP or Bi-PAP. This device,
      although effective, produced poor physical and psychological tolerance. After a
      postoperative follow-up of 3 years, good results were found in all cases.

PMID- 9951083
TI  - [Oncologic surgery of the larynx after failure of radiotherapy].
AB  - The treatment of early-stage laryngeal cancer using either partial surgical
      techniques or irradiation still is controversial. The performance of rescue
      surgical procedures after irradiation is related to increased postsurgical
      complications and lower survival rates. We made a retrospective study of 73
      patients who underwent rescue surgery after failure of radiotherapy in our
      department in the last 10 years. A statistical analysis was made of the
      complications and survival rate of these patients in accordance with tumor
      location and clinicopathological stage compared with patients who underwent
      surgery alone (n = 435). More rescue surgery was performed for glottic carcinomas
      (52/73) than for supraglottic carcinomas (21/73). No significant differences were
      found in the complication rate (23.6%) compared with the control group (19.6%).
      There was a significant reduction in survival in patients who underwent previous
      irradiation of supraglottic tumors compared with glottic tumors and the control
      group. In view of these results, we conclude that irradiation is not a good
      option as an initial treatment for supraglottic tumors and that the procedure of
      choice should be surgical.

PMID- 9951084
TI  - [Effect of extracapsular extension on cervical recurrence and the survival of
      patients with laryngeal tumors].
AB  - The influence of the extracapsular spread (ECS) of metastatic cervical lymph
      nodes in patients with laryngeal cancer is discussed. The study included 119
      patients who underwent surgery between 1984 and 1992 for squamous cell carcinoma
      of the larynx and lymph node metastasis confirmed by histology. Results were
      studied from two main aspects: survival and cervical recurrence. The 3-year
      survival rate was 73.4% in patients without ECS and 28.9% in patients with ECS (p
      < 0.001). The 3-year local recurrence rate differed significantly: 23.5% in
      patients without ECS and 58.3% in patients with ECS (p < 0.001). These results
      showed that ECS had an unfavorable prognostic significance for lymph node
      metastasis of laryngeal cancer.

PMID- 9951085
TI  - [Early endoscopic findings of the upper respiratory and digestive tract in
      patients undergoing translaryngeal intubation for more than 24 hours].
AB  - The large number of patients undergoing translaryngeal intubation justifies
      acquiring full knowledge of the complications that this invasive procedure may
      produce. The short-term problems that cause immediate complications (esophageal
      intubation, cuff rupture) are severe and do not escape notice. However, less
      immediate problems often pass undetected, although their presence may worsen the
      patient's outcome. Endoscopy allows the condition of the upper respiratory and
      digestive tract to be examined in order to detect and correct such problems. In
      this preliminary study, risk factors are analyzed and the lesions are described,
      classified, and quantified. Forty-seven adult patients were studied
      prospectively. In the first 24 to 48 hours of intubation, rigid endoscopy was
      performed under sedation using 0 degree and 30 degrees rigid endoscopes. The high
      rate of glottic edema (63.8%) was noteworthy because knowledge of this condition
      can be vital for preventing extubation failure.

PMID- 9951087
TI  - [Hearing loss secondary to lumbar puncture].
AB  - Hearing complaints have been described in patients after lumbar puncture,
      although other symptoms like headache, nausea, and dizziness can easily obscure
      hearing disorders. Reduced cerebrospinal fluid pressure after lumbar puncture may
      explain the origin of this vestibulocochlear dysfunction. Two cases of hearing
      loss and tinnitus that appeared hours after otherwise uncomplicated diagnostic
      spinal puncture are reported. The pure tone audiogram showed a 40-50 dB bilateral
      sensorial hearing loss in the lower frequencies. Hearing recovered and tinnitus
      disappeared entirely within 7-10 days. Since permanent hearing loss has been
      reported after diagnostic or therapeutic lumbar puncture, we should be aware of
      the possibility of this adverse effect.

PMID- 9951086
TI  - [Foreign bodies in the esophagus].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To study the management (diagnostic and therapeutic) of esophageal
      foreign bodies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was made of all rigid
      esophagoscopies performed for suspected foreign bodies in the esophagus by the
      otolaryngology department of Marques de Valdecilla Hospital (Santander, Spain)
      from 1992 to 1996. RESULTS: Rigid esophagoscopy was performed for suspected
      foreign bodies in 195 patients (121 females, 74 males; age range 2 to 97 years).
      In 183 cases an impacted foreign body was found. The most frequent location was
      the upper third of the esophagus (165/85.2%). The most common type of foreign
      body was fish bones in adults (75/171) and coins in children (7/12). In 145 cases
      a barium esophagogram was obtained before surgery, which yielded 1 false negative
      and 8 false positives. In 16 patients flexible endoscopy had failed previously to
      remove the foreign body. Twelve patients (all adults) had serious complications.
      CONCLUSIONS: The barium esophagogram and rigid esophagoscopy are still
      appropriate techniques for managing esophageal foreign bodies.

PMID- 9951088
TI  - [Cerebral abscess of otogenic origin located simultaneously in the temporal and
      cerebellar regions].
AB  - A 28-year-old male was seen for chronic left ear disease. A brain abscess
      appeared in the left temporal lobe and later spread to the cerebellum. Diagnosis
      was clinical and radiological. Intravenous antibiotic treatment resulted in
      resolution of the temporal abscess on CT. However, a new abscess that appeared in
      the left cerebellar hemisphere required neurosurgical debridement. The patient's
      microbiological cultures and history suggested an otological origin. Brain
      abscess is a serious complication of ear disease that requires early diagnosis
      and treatment.

PMID- 9951089
TI  - [Abnormality of the lower cranial nerves as a symptom of Chiari's syndrome].
AB  - Dysfunction of the last cranial pairs can occur in some neurological diseases,
      such as Chiari's malformation. This entity causes herniation of the cerebellar
      amygdalas through the foramen magnum, producing descent of the brainstem and
      traction on the lower cranial pairs. This dysfunction occurs in 57-70% of
      patients with this malformation, which is why the disease may be diagnosed in the
      ENT clinic. Clinical suspicion of this entity after exhaustive examination of the
      patient, early disease diagnosis and correct selection of surgical treatment can
      alleviate major symptoms and prevent neurological complications in some cases.

PMID- 9951090
TI  - [Subdural empyema as a complication of sinusitis. Association with Streptococcus
      milleri].
AB  - Intracranial complications of sinusitis now are unusual and subdural empyema is
      even more infrequent. Furthermore, subdural empyema usually is related to sinus
      infections, particularly those caused by Streptococcus milleri, an anaerobic
      organism. Although clinical suspicion is fundamental, computed tomography and
      magnetic resonance imaging are essential for discovering these complications.
      These studies enable early diagnosis and prompt treatment, thus reducing the high
      mortality of this disease. We report two cases of subdural empyema secondary to
      sinusitis in persons without impaired immunity. Streptococcus milleri was
      isolated in one of them. A review of the literature disclosed that this is the
      most frequently involved organism, so the empirical selection of antibiotics
      targeted this organism.

PMID- 9951091
TI  - [Acute suppurative thyroiditis secondary to fistula of the pyriform sinus].
AB  - Acute suppurative thyroiditis is very rare and often related to congenital
      abnormalities of the branchial pouches or immunodeficiency. A case of acute
      thyroiditis due to fistula of the left pyriform sinus in a young man with no
      relevant history is reported. We review the embryology, diagnosis, and treatment
      of this rare entity.

PMID- 9951092
TI  - [Granulocytic sarcoma. A case with an unusual location].
AB  - An unusual case of granulocytic sarcoma infiltrating the parotid gland of a 17
      year-old woman is reported. There was no evidence of acute myeloid leukemia or
      chronic myeloproliferative disease at time of diagnosis. The myeloid nature of
      the tumor was discovered with the aid of immunochemistry. The patient responded
      well to combined polychemotherapy and local radiotherapy. Eighteen months after
      diagnosis, the bone-marrow biopsy showed no signs of blast infiltration.
      Granulocytic sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of
      malignant tumors of the parotid gland, although it is rare.

PMID- 9951093
TI  - [Unusual analytical interference caused by benzathine penicillin G].
AB  - Benzathine penicillin G is one of the antibiotics most often used in ENT
      practice. In spite of potential allergic or hypersensitivity complications, the
      restrictions for its administration are scant and its antibacterial spectrum
      often coincides with the pathogenic flora of the upper airways. A curious
      analytical interference secondary to its use was detected in two patients seen in
      our emergency unit. This phenomenon, not observed with other beta-lactamics or
      even other penicillins, consisted of a continuous false positive result in the
      urinary detection of amphetamine and its metabolites that lasted up to 50 days
      after the antibiotic was administered. This finding not only seems to be specific
      to the benzathine salt, but also to the enzymoimmunoanalysis used to detect drug
      abuse.

PMID- 9951094
TI  - [Outcome of nonspecific right iliac fossa pain syndromes].
AB  - One-third of all cases of abdominal pain and a quarter of cases of right iliac
      fossa pain urgently admitted to hospital leave hospital with no precise
      diagnosis. Based on a series of 400 patients hospitalised for right iliac fossa
      pain, comprising 107 cases with no identified aetiology, this prospective study
      was designed to assess the medium-term outcome of these patients, with or without
      surgical exploration. 67 cases were reviewed at five years. No major diagnosis
      was missed. Over this 5-year period, 30 patients (45%) experienced another
      episode of abdominal pain. Among the third of patients (21 cases, 31%) reviewed
      for another episode of right iliac fossa pain, 7 were readmitted to hospital,
      with 5 operations, for histologically confirmed acute appendicitis in 3 cases (5%
      of the series). The patient and his attending physician must be informed of the
      nonspecific diagnosis established during the first hospitalisation. There is no
      significant evidence to suggest a psychological component in the recurrent nature
      of the pain. Cancer must be formally excluded in patients over the age of 50.
      When surgical exploration is performed, nowadays by laparoscopy, appendicectomy
      is recommended. This procedure does not decrease the risk of recurrent pain, but
      confirms the real absence of histopathological abnormality and decreases the
      number of subsequent hospitalisations.

PMID- 9951095
TI  - [Does laparoscopy reduce the incidence of useless appendectomies?].
AB  - The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic
      appendicectomy on the incidence of histologically normal appendices. Between 1987
      and 1997, 1220 consecutives patients--with an average age of 23.5 years (17-73)
      and including 841 women (69%)--underwent appendicectomy due to the presence of at
      least one of the following 3 criteria: right iliac fossa guarding, fever greater
      than 38 degrees C and hyperleucocytosis greater than 10,000. Patients were
      divided into two group.: First group with 930 patients were operated by
      laparotomy and the other group of 355 patients underwent laparoscopic exploration
      with appendicectomy when macroscopic abnormalities were observed (290 cases). In
      all cases, the appendices were examined under blind conditions and classified as
      normal or pathological, and were subsequently classified according to the nature
      and the severity of the lesions. In group I (laparotomy), the incidence of
      histologically normal appendices was 25.1%. In group II (laparoscopic), this
      incidence was only 8.2%. The difference was significant (p = 0.015). In 65 cases
      (18.3%), a macroscopically normal appendix was left in place: in 55 cases the
      symptoms were due to another identified cause, however, in 10 cases no cause was
      found. This study suggests that laparoscopy significantly reduces the number of
      histologically normal appendices because an other cause is identified more easily
      provided macroscopically normal appendices are not removed with a small
      proportion (5-10%) cases of early appendicitis with only mucosal involvement. In
      the absence of other causes for the symptoms, a three-day course of antibiotics
      can be tried in order to treat possible mucosal lesions. This approach reduces
      costs without having any adverse consequences on outcome.

PMID- 9951097
TI  - [U-shaped free jejunum transplant].
AB  - Reconstruction of the oro and hypopharynx has specific difficulties due to their
      wide diameters. Seven patients underwent reconstruction with a free U-shaped
      jejunal transplant, after circular pharyngolaryngectomy for hypopharyngeal cancer
      invading the oropharynx. This transplant included a side-to-side anastomosis
      between the two limbs of the jejunal loop. This transplant allowed reconstruction
      of the upper digestive tract after wide carcinologic resection of the pharynx.
      The U-shaped jejunal transplant facilitated the upper anastomosis, especially at
      the upper part where the resection involved the oropharynx. It formed a reservoir
      behind the tongue, and avoided nasal reflux. The best indications are large
      resections involving the oropharynx.

PMID- 9951096
TI  - [Repeat surgery for thyroid nodules (excluding cancer and hyperthyroidism)].
AB  - Second procedures for recurrent thyroid disease are known to carry a high risk of
      iatrogenic damage, particularly to the inferior laryngeal nerves and parathyroid
      glands. This risk has been clearly evaluated for the primary procedure, but is
      less clearly for second procedures. A series of 117 patients with solitary or
      multiple cold thyroid nodules were evaluated (excluding those patients re
      operated for recurrent thyroid carcinoma or goitre associated with
      hyperthyroidism) to determine the operative risks. The level of transient and
      permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was 2.56% and 1.7% respectively. The
      level of transient and permanent hypocalcaemia was 12.9% and 4.62% respectively.
      The frequency of re-operation for recurrent disease involving the pyramidal lobe
      following total thyroidectomy (6 cases) highlights the importance of removing it
      during the primary procedure. The number of cases of cancer discovered at re
      operation was 4.3% (5 cases out of 117).

PMID- 9951099
TI  - [Preoperative treatment of resectable rectal cancer].

PMID- 9951098
TI  - [Isolated splenic trauma in adults: value of Resciniti's CT scoring system to
      define the indications for surgery].
AB  - The data of 62 adult patients with isolated blunt splenic trauma were
      retrospectively analysed to determine the value of a CT score-system in the
      choice of treatment: nonoperative treatment versus surgical management. 22
      patients (35%) without hemodynamic instability presenting with pain localized in
      the left flank were primarily managed conservatively. 3 of them subsequently
      required splenectomy. 40 patients (65%) were operated immediately, 32 on the
      basis of clinical criteria and 8 on the basis of laboratory criteria. 45 patients
      with no initial haemodynamic disorders were investigated by abdominal CT-scan.
      Splenic injuries were retrospectively classified according to Resciniti's CT
      scoring system. 13 patients had a splenic injury score > or = 5.5. All of them
      were operated, 11 early and 2 after failure of conservative management. According
      to our study this score > or = 5.5, which concerns 21% of our patients, can be
      considered to be an indication for surgery; in this case, a conservative approach
      should not be at tempted, even in the absence of immediate clinical and
      laboratory operative criteria.

PMID- 9951100
TI  - [Pediatric anesthesia: why and form whom?].

PMID- 9951101
TI  - [The place of laparoscopy in pediatric surgery].
AB  - The development of laparoscopy in children is designed to decrease the risks of
      this technique by respecting certain rules (particularly open laparoscopy). The
      indications are beginning to be well defined for certain frequent diseases
      (appendicitis, impalpable testes, gastro-oesophageal reflux) suitable for
      prospective studies, but remain much more subjective in other indications
      (splenectomy, lumboscopy) due to the limited paediatric series.

PMID- 9951102
TI  - [Inguinal hernia in the infant].
AB  - The inguinal hernia repair account among surgical procedures the most frequently
      performed in children. It represents a flawless example of the paediatric
      specificity of a common reputed pathology. Its diagnosis especially in the young
      children can be delicate justifying thus a systematic tracking during the clinic
      examination. The pathology of the vaginalis processus is varied and the
      associated anomalies recognition especially the presence of an undescended testis
      has to be detected. Inguinal incarceration is often inaugural in infants.
      Consequences concern in the first place the testicular blood supply before to
      interest the vitality of the incarcerated intestine whose ischemic suffering will
      be more delayed. Systemic and early herniotomy has become recommended because of
      improvement of anesthetic and surgical safety in all ages. Risks of abstention
      today exceed these of a precocious operation with all respects of surgical and
      anesthetic criteria required according to the age of the child. Despite inguinal
      hernia repair is one of the operations on basis in general surgery, its
      realization in children requires to be warned of the specificity of this act. The
      dissection of the spermatic cord exposes to a traumatic damage of vas deferens
      which must be avoided by an appropriate technique.

PMID- 9951103
TI  - [Treatment of blunt splenic trauma in children].
AB  - The conservative management of blunt splenic trauma in children has been
      generally accepted for about twenty years, in order to avoid serious post
      splenectomy infectious complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate
      the results of conservative management. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 21 cases of blunt
      splenic trauma were treated between 1 January 1991 and 31 December 1995. Eleven
      cases were isolated and 10 were associated with other visceral, musculoskeletal
      or head injuries. The lesion consisted of subcapsular or intraparenchymal
      haematoma in 8 cases and ruptured spleen in 13 cases. All children were initially
      managed conservatively, except in the case of unstable haemodynamic parameters
      after resuscitation, perforated viscus or secondary complication. RESULTS:
      Emergency surgery for blunt splenic trauma was never required over this 5-year
      period. Four children required secondary surgery, 2 for left renal lesion, 1 for
      pancreatic pseudocyst and 1 for epidermoid cyst of the spleen discovered
      incidentally at the time of the trauma (partial splenectomy). No associated bowel
      perforations were observed. Four children were transfused, 3 for an associated
      visceral lesion and only once because of ruptured spleen. The mean length of
      hospital stay was 18.2 days in the case of isolated rupture and 28.7 days for a
      ruptured spleen associated with other lesions. No immediate or long-term
      complications were observed with a mean follow-up of 6 months. CONCLUSION:
      Conservative management of blunt splenic trauma is possible under good conditions
      of security and total splenectomy was never required. The blood transfusion rate
      was very low.

PMID- 9951104
TI  - [Hepatic trauma: pediatric features].
AB  - Conservative management of hepatic trauma has been demonstrated to be effective
      in children. However, surveillance of these patients in a specialized paediatric
      surgery unit is essential because of the possibility of rare, but unavoidable
      complications. The authors review the 20-year experience of conservative
      management of hepatic trauma reported in the literature.

PMID- 9951105
TI  - [Management of Hirschsprung's disease during the neonatal period].
AB  - Hirschsprung's disease is one of the common est causes of neonatal intestinal
      obstruction. Despite progress in the identification of genetic mutations, the
      pathogenesis of Hirschsprug's disease is not completely resolved. The management
      consists of septic complications of treatment, and a variable "pull-through"
      procedure, immediately or at a later date. Long-term follow-up is an important
      component of patient care.

PMID- 9951106
TI  - [Management of acute swollen scrotum in children].

PMID- 9951107
TI  - [Impalpable ectopic testis: an excellent indication for laparoscopy, but by a
      specialist].

PMID- 9951108
TI  - [Correction of hypospadias. What is new in the past 10 years?].

PMID- 9951109
TI  - [Laparoscopic appendectomy. A simple, reproducible mesoappendix hemostasis
      technique].

PMID- 9951110
TI  - [Jejunal duplication in adults. Case report].

PMID- 9951111
TI  - [Duodenal duplication in adults. Laparoscopic treatment].
AB  - The authors report a case of duodenal duplication in a adult. This lesion is
      rare. The clinical course is dominated by a risk of cancer. These lesions should
      be recognized to avoid a mutilating excision procedure in favour of a
      conservative procedure. The originality of this case is the laparoscopic approach
      which confirmed the diagnosis by the elective implantation on the first part of
      the duodenum. This approach, by mobilisation of the duodenum, allows excision by
      a very short laparotomy.

PMID- 9951112
TI  - [Laparoscopic treatment of a diaphragmatic hernia through the foramen of Morgagni
      in children. A case report and review of eleven cases reported in the adult
      literature].
AB  - A new case report of laparoscopic repair of a diaphragmatic hernia through the
      foramen of Morgagni in a 11-year-old boy with Down's syndrome is described. The
      review of 11 other cases in the adult literature illustrated the various aspects
      of this laparoscopic approach.

PMID- 9951113
TI  - [Post-traumatic flank hernias. Report of two cases].
AB  - We report two patients who developed a post-traumatic flank hernia manifested
      several months after road traffic accidents. The diagnosis was missed and
      established later when a swelling appeared in he flank. CT Scan found a large
      parietal defect. Treatment by implanting a mesh of non-absorbable material was
      successful. Post-traumatic flank hernias are rare. The diagnosis may be
      clinically difficult and is mainly based on CT scan examination. A delayed repair
      is recommended.

PMID- 9951114
TI  - [Reflexions on gifts from the pharmaceutical industry].

PMID- 9951115
TI  - [Comparison among patients considered candidates for radical prostatectomy in
      academic institutes in different countries].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Radical prostatectomy is performed in potentially curable prostatic
      cancers, but surgical indication might somehow depend on the idiosyncrasies of a
      population. Herein we compare the characteristics of patients undergoing radical
      prostatectomy in teaching University Hospitals of different countries. METHODS:
      We conducted a retrospective review on 250 consecutive patients who underwent
      radical prostatectomy before January 1997 in five teaching University Hospitals
      in Europe (Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey) and the United States (Detroit,
      MI). Clinicopathological data were recorded and compared, and a questionnaire
      investigated whether patient and physician attitudes towards surgery differed.
      RESULTS: The number of surgeries per month at each institution ranged from 0.9 to
      10 and the proportion of newly diagnosed patients that undergo surgery from 0.14
      to 0.36. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed both median age and preoperative
      prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were different between groups. Similarly,
      despite standardized surgery and histologic work-up, differences in the detection
      of extracapsular invasion and the rate of detectable PSA after surgery were
      observed between institutions. Diagnosis in the Swedish and Swiss groups was more
      often based on digital rectal examination, while the rest were more confident
      with transrectal ultrasound. Doctors at some institutions were more inclined to
      recommend radical surgery, either by not mentioning or disapproving other
      therapeutic strategies. The proportion of patients who said they would elect
      surgery again ranged from 72% to 92%, and the proportion of doctors who said they
      would perform surgery again ranged from 78% to 100%. Patients' and doctors'
      degree of satisfaction with the decision made were also different. CONCLUSIONS:
      (i) Candidates for radical prostatectomy in teaching hospitals of several
      countries are different. Might therefore have practical implications on the
      design of clinical trials and the interpretation of the results of treatment.
      (ii) Patient and physician acceptance of surgery varies according to countries
      and is more established firm in those countries where it is more frequently
      performed.

PMID- 9951116
TI  - [Management of the complications of ureterointestinal reimplantation in urinary
      diversion].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze our experience in the management of complications of
      ureteroenteric reimplantation in patients undergoing urinary diversion by
      endourological techniques or open surgery, in order to identify a useful
      algorithm that takes the oncologic prognosis into account, as well as the
      probability of success. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 136
      patients who had undergone urinary diversion from 1987-1998. Of these, 126 had
      transitional cell carcinoma, two had infiltrating carcinoma, two had a benign
      condition and 6 had undergone urinary diversion for patient comfort without
      cystectomy. The following techniques were utilized: cutaneous ureteroileostomy or
      Bricker technique (104 patients), Mainz neobladder (10 patients), ileal
      neobladder (15 patients), colonic conduit (5 patients) and cutaneous ureter (2
      patients). RESULTS: Overall, 56 patients (41%) had some type of alteration at the
      ureteroenteric reimplantation site, but only 36 (26%) required intervention. The
      reimplantation techniques utilized were: the Bricker direct ureteroileostomy (26
      patients), Le Duc (6 patients), Leadbetter (3 patients), and the direct cutaneous
      technique (1 patient). Patient mean age was 67 years (range 53-80). There were 35
      males and one female. Seven patients required immediate reimplantation due to a
      persistent urinary fistula and 29 had late obstruction (more than 3 months),
      accounting for 21.3% of the cases undergoing urinary diversion. The antegrade
      endourological approach was utilized in 24 patients (5 nephrostomy alone and 19
      stent or balloon dilatation). Dilatation was performed palliatively in 6 cases
      with extensive tumor spread. Permanent success was achieved in 5 cases (38%) and
      in spite of the initial success, there were 4 reobstructions. Open surgery was
      performed in 24 patients (66% of the complicated reimplantations); 5 of these
      patients had another pathology that warranted laparotomy, 7 required
      reimplantation early due to a fistula and two patients with a nonfunctioning
      kidney underwent nephrectomy. Ureteral replacement using the ileum was performed
      in 4 patients and direct reimplantation to the primary loop was performed in 6
      patients. Good surgical results were consistently achieved. CONCLUSIONS: The
      complication rate of ureteral reimplantation is high in patients undergoing
      urinary diversion. Endourology has an important role in these cases, particularly
      in patients with a poor prognosis. Surgery achieves the best results. Although
      they may entail difficulty, complex cases such as extensive ureteral necrosis can
      be managed successfully.

PMID- 9951117
TI  - [Testicular torsion before 6 hours. I].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of testicular torsion within the first
      6 hours, and to emphasize the need for early diagnosis and treatment. METHODS:
      The records of 33 patients treated for testicular torsion within the first 6
      hours were reviewed. We evaluated the reason for consultation, previous patient
      history, clinical features, urinalysis findings, diagnostic methods and surgical
      findings. RESULTS: The most common reason for consultation was scrotal pain.
      Twelve patients had a previous history of ascending testis. Urinalysis was normal
      in 25 patients. Diagnosis was based on the clinical findings. Thirty-two testes
      were preserved. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of testicular torsion within the first 6
      hours are usually based on the clinical findings. Early treatment can achieve
      testicular viability.

PMID- 9951118
TI  - [Testicular torsion between 6 and 12 hours. II].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of testicular torsion between 6-12
      hours. METHODS: The records of 47 patients treated for testicular torsion within
      6-12 hours were reviewed. We evaluated the reason for consultation, previous
      patient history, clinical features, urinalysis findings, diagnostic methods and
      surgical findings. RESULTS: The reason for consultation was scrotal pain in 42
      patients; 17% of the patients had a previous history of ascending testis.
      Orchidectomy was required in 17% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The need for
      performing orchidectomy is higher in cases with testicular torsion diagnosed
      between 6-12 hours. The results of urinalysis are generally normal. The clinical
      findings and the diagnostic techniques are useful in making early diagnosis and
      instituting early treatment.

PMID- 9951119
TI  - [Testicular torsion after 12 hours. III].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the damage caused by testicular torsion after 12 hours.
      METHODS: The records of 59 patients treated for testicular torsion after 12 hours
      were reviewed. We evaluated the reason for consultation, previous patient
      history, clinical features, urinalysis findings, diagnostic methods and surgical
      findings. RESULTS: The reason for consultation was scrotal pain in 81% of the
      patients: 61% were referred to the left testis. Seventeen percent of the patients
      had a previous history of ascending testis. Scrotal US was useful in making the
      diagnosis in 92% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Testicular damage or loss can occur
      if testicular torsion is diagnosed after 12 hours. The importance of early
      diagnosis and treatment is emphasized.

PMID- 9951120
TI  - [Tumors of the upper urinary tract: epidemiology, clinical, and diagnosis].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic aspects of
      upper urinary tract tumors (UUTT). METHODS: The clinical records of 105 patients
      with UUTT were reviewed. There were 114 functioning units in total. Data on
      distribution according to sex, age at presentation, involved side, focality,
      localization, association with bladder tumor, risk factors, clinical features,
      radiological and histological findings were analyzed. Descriptive statistical
      analysis was performed and the means and frequency rates were estimated. RESULTS:
      Of the 105 patients, 88 (83.8%) were male and 17 (16.1%) were female, accounting
      for a male to female ratio of 5.1:1. The mean age was 68.3 +/- 10.5 years (range
      24-88). The tumor involved the left side in 52 cases (49.5%), the right side in
      49 cases (46.6%) and 4 cases (3.8%) had bilateral involvement; 84 (80%) were
      unifocal and 21 (20%) were multifocal. The pyelocaliceal region was compromised
      in 41.2% (47/114) of the functioning units, the lumbar ureter in 14% (16/114),
      the sacral ureter in 7% (8/114), the pelvic ureter in 28.9% (33/114) and the
      entire upper urinary tract in 8.7% (10/114). UUTT was associated with a bladder
      tumor in 60.9%. The bladder tumor and UUTT presented simultaneously in 26 cases
      (29.8%). The bladder tumor presented before the UUTT in 35 cases (40.2%) and in
      26 cases (29.8%) it presented after. Smoking was found to be the most important
      risk factor. Hematuria was the most common reason for consultation (67.6%),
      followed by flank pain (23.8%), and 13.3% were asymptomatic. The most common
      urographic finding was a filling defect (46.4%), followed by loss of function
      (36.8%) and hydronephrosis (20.1%). Loss of renal function was observed in 66% of
      the cases with metastasis. Histologically, 99% were transitional cell carcinoma,
      basically moderately differentiated (68.8% grade II) and non infiltrating (58.6%
      pTa-pT1). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are largely in agreement with the data
      published in the literature, although we have found a very high incidence of UUTT
      associated with bladder tumor in our series.

PMID- 9951121
TI  - [Transitional cell bladder carcinoma in patients younger than 40 years of age].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The clinical and pathological characteristics of bladder cancer in
      young patients were analyzed to determine if patients with bladder cancer under
      the age of 30 have a better prognosis than older adults and if transitional cell
      carcinoma of the bladder in patients aged 30 to 40 years has a similar behaviour
      to that observed in the higher risk population. METHODS: A retrospective review
      of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in patients less than 40 years old
      that had been treated between January, 1993 to August, 1997 was undertaken.
      RESULTS: We found 8 patients (5 men and 3 women) with urothelial tumor,
      accounting for an incidence of 4%. Four cases were diagnosed and staged TaG1, 2
      T1G1 and 2 T1G2. Recurrence was observed in one case (12.5%) and progression in
      none. CONCLUSIONS: Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in patients under
      the age of 40 is usually associated with low grade and low stage tumors. The
      foregoing finding is certainly observed in those aged less than 30 years old.
      Bladder cancer is relatively rare in this age group, although we have found a
      higher incidence than that reported elsewhere. Treatment and follow-up depend on
      tumor grade and stage, regardless of age.

PMID- 9951122
TI  - [Renal transplant in patient older than 65 years of age].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the outcome of renal transplantation in patients more than
      65 years old. METHODS: From 1991 to 1997, 83 renal transplants were performed in
      patients aged over 60 years at our institution; 20 of these patients were more
      than 65 years old. The control group comprised graft recipients under than age
      from the 477 cases that had undergone transplantation during the period 1980
      1996. Graft donor selection was done according to standard practice. The
      immunosuppression protocol changed over time; 5 patients received triple therapy
      and another 15 patients received quadruple sequential immunosuppression therapy.
      RESULTS: The mean age of the recipients was 66.8 years (range 65-72); 9 patients
      required dialysis after renal transplantation. Patients aged over 65 years had a
      94% survival at 6 months, 88% at 12 months, and 88% at 48 months, whereas the
      survival rates for the control group were 96%, 95% and 87% for the respective
      time periods. Graft survival was 95% at one month, 90% at 3 months and 74% at 48
      months versus 93%, 87% and 78% for the control group. CONCLUSION: Patients more
      than 65 years old with chronic renal failure and who are on dialysis can benefit
      from renal transplantation.

PMID- 9951123
TI  - [En bloc renal transplant from infant donors to adults].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the medium-term outcome of en bloc transplantation of
      pediatric kidneys into adult patients, including the incidence and type of
      surgical complications. METHODS: From November 1991 to December 1997, we
      performed 37 en bloc transplantation of pediatric kidneys into adult patients.
      The kidneys were harvested from donors less that 3 years old and/or weighing 15
      kg. The mean follow-up was 24 months. Grafting was achieved by end-to-side
      anastomosis of the donor cava to the receptor external iliac and the aortic patch
      to the external iliac artery. RESULTS: Three grafts failed, probably due to hilar
      torsion; the remaining were initially functioning well. Seven transplant removal
      were performed; 6 were due to thrombosis. The actuarial graft survival was 89.1%
      at one month, 80.83% at 12 months and 80.83% at 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: The
      medium-term results of en bloc transplantation of pediatric kidneys into adult
      patients were excellent and demonstrate the efficacy of this type of grafts.
      Arterial and venous thrombosis were the most important complications,
      quantitatively and qualitatively.

PMID- 9951124
TI  - [Urodynamic models in the analysis of pressure-flow studies in the adult male].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine which urodynamic model best describes lower urinary tract
      dynamics during the voiding phase. METHODS: A pressure-flow study was conducted
      in 211 adult males. The urodynamic data from the pressure-flow study were
      modelized to a multivariate analysis with a descriptive design. Three descriptive
      models of urethral resistance were proposed: a linear model that consisted of the
      detrusor pressure at the end of voiding and the pressure-flow plot slope, and two
      quadratic models with one parameter [urethral resistance average (URA)] or two
      parameters [opening detrusor pressure and passive urethral resistance ratio
      curvature (PURR)]. Bladder contractility was defined by two parameters: power at
      maximum flow rate (Pw) and maximum power/bladder surface (Wmax). Voiding volume
      was included in all models as control variable. The best model was defined as
      that which explains a higher percentage of observed maximum urinary flow rate,
      the most widely utilized datum in the urodynamic studies of the adult male.
      RESULTS: The model that consisted of the URA and Pw was found to be the best. We
      observed an interaction between URA and voiding volume (at higher voiding volume
      the decrease of the maximum urinary flow due to URA was found to be greater).
      CONCLUSIONS: The URA was found to be the parameter that best describes urethral
      pressure. Variations in the maximum urinary flow rate is better described by the
      Pw than by the Wmax.

PMID- 9951125
TI  - [Pressure-flow studies in the diagnosis of micturition disorders in the female].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of the pressure-flow studies in the diagnosis
      of voiding dysfunction in women. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on
      80 women. These subjects were divided into two groups: 24 controls with a maximum
      flow percentile greater than or equal to 50 and no residual volume, and 56 cases
      with a maximum flow percentile less than or equal to 10. The clinically and
      statistically significant parameters of the pressure-flow study were entered into
      a multiple regression logistic equation as explanation variables of voiding
      dysfunction. RESULTS: The clinical variables that influenced voiding dysfunction
      were age and the presence of stress urinary incontinence. The urethral resistance
      average (URA) was found to be the only significant urodynamic parameter. Patients
      with stress urinary incontinence showed a lower probability of voiding
      dysfunction. Age and URA directly correlated with the probability of voiding
      dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: The URA was found to be the only significant urodynamic
      parameter. The contractility parameters [power at maximum flow (Pw) and maximum
      power per bladder unit surface (Wmax)] were not found to be useful as detrusor
      contractility index in women.

PMID- 9951126
TI  - [Primary leiomyosarcoma. A rare tumor of the adrenal gland].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To report on a rare case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the adrenal. To
      our knowledge, this is the fourth case reported in the literature. METHODS: A
      patient with primary leiomyosarcoma of the adrenal gland is presented. The
      clinical features are described, and the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of
      this rare primary mesenchymal tumor are discussed. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: The
      aggressive nature and the poor prognosis of this rare tumor type are emphasized.

PMID- 9951127
TI  - [Partial nephrectomy in partially differentiated cystic nephroblastoma].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To report on a case of cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma
      in an adult female patient that was treated by partial nephrectomy.
      METHODS/RESULTS: A 21-year-old female patient with multicystic lesions was
      submitted to partial nephrectomy involving the lower pole of the right kidney.
      The presence of embryonal blastema in the septae that separated the cysts was
      diagnostic of cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma. CONCLUSIONS: Cystic
      partially differentiated nephroblastoma can be considered to be a well
      differentiated variant of nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor). Due to its benign
      nature, treatment is by conservative renal surgery, if technically possible.

PMID- 9951128
TI  - [Exophytic renal angiolipoma versus retroperitoneal liposarcoma].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To report a case of exophytic renal angiomyolipoma mimicking a
      retroperitoneal liposarcoma on magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: A large,
      palpable abdominal mass was incidentally discovered during routine physical
      examination in a 61-year-old, hypertensive woman. A CT scan disclosed a
      retroperitoneal mass, 17 cm in diameter, adjacent to the kidney. The MRI findings
      were diagnostic of liposarcoma. The tumor was resected en bloc. RESULTS: The
      histopathological findings demonstrated angiomyolipoma. CONCLUSIONS: Exophytic
      angiomyolipoma can mimic retroperitoneal liposarcoma on MRI.

PMID- 9951129
TI  - [Bladder carcinosarcoma: chondrosarcoma plus urothelial carcinoma].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To report an additional case of bladder carcinosarcoma. METHODS: An 87
      year-old patient was admitted with a one-year history of gross hematuria.
      Ultrasound evaluation showed a bladder tumor and at cystoscopy a 4 x 3 cm
      polypoid, broad-based mass was found on the posterior wall of the bladder,
      surrounded by a multifocal papillary tumor. RESULTS: The tumor was resected
      transurethrally. Histologically, the tumor was composed of chondrosarcoma and
      urothelial sarcoma. Immunohistochemically, the sarcomatous elements stained
      strongly with vimentin and the carcinomatous cells were strongly positive for
      keratin. CONCLUSIONS: The foregoing findings support the view that these
      neoplasms are true carcinosarcomas.

PMID- 9951130
TI  - [Testicular epidermoid cyst].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Benign tumors account for less than 1% of testicular tumors and the
      incidence is even lower in children. A rare case of epidermoid cyst of the testis
      in a child is described. The differential diagnosis and treatment options are
      discussed. METHODS/RESULTS: A case of unilateral epidermoid cyst of the testis in
      an 11-year-old boy is presented. The clinical and diagnostic aspects are
      discussed. Definitive diagnosis could be made only after surgical excision.
      CONCLUSIONS: Pathological analysis of the entire testis is warranted to make the
      definitive diagnosis of epidermoid cyst. However, preservation of the testis can
      be considered, particularly in those cases with bilateral involvement, if
      supported by solid, consistent diagnostic evidence, including intraoperative
      biopsy.

PMID- 9951131
TI  - [Fournier gangrene: our experience].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Fournier's gangrene is a necrotizing fasciitis involving the
      genitoperineal region caused by the synergistic action of aerobic and anaerobic
      pathogens. It is a rapidly progressing disease and carries a high mortality. Our
      experience with Fournier's gangrene is presented. METHODS: Herein we describe 11
      cases of Fournier's gangrene that were diagnosed and treated from 1991 to 1996.
      The most important predisposing factor was diabetes mellitus and the most common
      triggering factor was a perianal condition. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: The survival
      rate was high (81%) and can be ascribed to early diagnosis, aggressive and rapid
      surgical treatment with debridement, resection of the necrotic areas, drainage,
      simultaneous broad spectrum antibiotic therapy and frequent local treatment.

PMID- 9951132
TI  - A long follow-up on prostate specific antigen density and prostate biopsy.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) in a risk
      population without evidence of prostatic cancer, and to assess the long-term
      usefulness of PSAD as a parameter for determining the need for a prostatic biopsy
      in patients with a normal digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal
      ultrasound (TRUS). METHODS: The records of 582 patients referred to the clinic
      between February, 1992 and February, 1994 were studied retrospectively. All these
      patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were evaluated based on the
      following parameters: digital rectal examination, serum PSA levels, prostate
      volume measured using transrectal ultrasound and PSAD. Prostatic biopsy was
      performed on 431 patients who had a serum PSA level greater than 4.0 ng/mL. A
      total of 299 patients (69.3%) had PSA levels between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL and
      represented the target population. The study had two parts, in the first one
      cancer was diagnosed just by one biopsy and in part II, the patients with
      negative biopsy in part I were followed for a two-year period and required 2 or 3
      biopsies for diagnosis. Of the total of patients who had a negative prostate
      biopsy in part I of the study, 269 were followed for a period of two years with
      repeated prostate biopsies. RESULTS: Overall prostate cancer was detected in
      22/299 (13.9%) patients, 6/105 (5.7%) with PSAD up to 0.15 and 16/194 (8.2%) with
      PSAD over 0.15 (p = 0.569). CONCLUSION: PSAD is a useful indicator in decreasing
      the number of negative biopsies in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
      However, in a long-term follow-up the PSAD (cutoff level 0.15) was unable to
      predict which patients had a positive biopsy. According to our results, 5.6% of
      patients with prostate cancer will be missed using the PSAD criteria.

PMID- 9951133
TI  - Physiological anthropology and the Internet.
AB  - The Internet is the greatest computer network with many services like Web, FTP,
      Gopher, E-mail Discussion Groups, and Usenet Discussion Groups, that provides a
      rapid and the cheapest exchange of information. The benefits to anthropologists
      of using the Internet are growing rapidly, as the Internet becomes easier to use
      and ever more anthropological resources become available on line. Physiological
      anthropology is concerned with the evolution and biological features of human
      population and it's sources on the Internet are growing continuously. However, in
      that enormous number of data, is not easy to find a needed information.
      Currently, number of indexed physiological anthropology related sites on Web only
      is 233990 (October 98). This paper provides informations about Internet and
      needed hardware and software for using it. It also describes and lists the most
      important physiological anthropology addresses, together with physiological
      anthropology-related journals on the Internet, as well as the ways of searching
      them.

PMID- 9951134
TI  - Computer assisted densitometric image analysis (CADIA) of bone density in
      periradicular bone defects healing.
AB  - CADIA can only be performed on geometrically standardized images converted in Al
      equivalents. The aim of this study was to develop the ability of the new CADIA
      software to quantify bone density on dental radiographs without previous
      standardization. A total of 36 examines with periradicular lesions were treated
      surgically, the defects were filled with Hydroxylapatite and followed up for 1,
      6, and 12 months. Before and after surgery the operated areas were clinically
      evaluated using intraoral radiographs, tooth mobility index and relapses.
      Clinical results revealed satisfactory bone healing in 27 cases and relapses in 9
      cases. The radiographs were then digitized with a high resolution CCD camera.
      Densitometric analysis was done in 10 points at the edge of the bone defect.
      Correction of geometric and brightness distortions was done with mathematical
      manipulation from three referral points positioned at the same place on each
      radiograph. Density values observed no bone loss in 23 cases and loss of bone in
      13 cases. The differences between clinical evaluation and CADIA were not
      statistically significant.

PMID- 9951135
TI  - Computer anchorage analysis of digitized picture of modified typodont.
AB  - In contemporary orthodontic treatment, the extraction of a premolar is frequently
      indicated, followed by canine retraction with bodily movement. The main problem
      is how to prevent the mesial movement of first molars (loss of anchorage) and
      loss of the space obtained by extraction. The aim of the study was to evaluate
      the anchorage capacity of posterior teeth using SW (straight wire) appliances
      after extraction of first premolars and to determine Goshgarian transpalatal arch
      as anchorage reinforcement. All experiments were recorded by video-camera, and
      the analogue signal has been digitized and saved on PC. Computer animation
      visualised the direction and the amount of tooth movement. Very significant loss
      of anchorage was found (in the control experiment), when molars and premolars
      were reinforced. No significant difference between the active and non-active
      transpalatal arch has been perceived in the sense of lateral anchorage
      stabilization.

PMID- 9951136
TI  - Metabolic unit of pulp-dentinal complex of human tooth.
AB  - The change of dentin depends on odontoblast's metabolism (synthesis and
      secretion), and the result of those cells activity is apposition of dentin:
      physiological or reactive. Odontoblasts, dentinal tubuli with odontoblastic
      processus and peritubular zone, they all make metabolic unit of dentin, and they
      are the major part of circumpulpal dentin structure. Functional activities of the
      tooth are the base for constant changes during the entire life of circumpulpal
      dentin. The apposition, and also the resorption of dentinal tissue, can be found
      as the respond to trauma, pathological conditions, or after the therapeutic
      interventions.

PMID- 9951137
TI  - Early antibacterial effect of Pd-Ag dental alloy on aerobic and microaerophilic
      flora in oral cavity.
AB  - Early effect of Pd-Ag alloy on aerobic and microaerophilic flora from healthy
      oral cavity was studied. Normal microbial flora was sampled from saliva, dental
      plaque and gingival crevice from healthy individuals without any prosthodontic
      appliances or periodontal diseases. Such samples were inoculated into liquid
      media and were left in thermostat (37 degrees C) in aerobic condition. In some
      samples one or two sterile Pd-Ag alloy pieces were inoculated, while some samples
      were left without that pieces to be a control group. Both were kept in a
      thermostat for 24 and 48 hrs and after that were examined for bacterial
      dehydrogenic activity to reveal the amount of active bacteria in a sample.
      Dehydrogenic activity was registered after incubation of 0.1 ml of 3
      phenyltetrazolynchloryde (TTC) into samples. TCC changes a colour of a liquid
      media because of bacterial dehydrogenic activity and therefore samples were
      analysed in a spectroscope. Statistical analysis revealed lower bacterial
      activity (lower TTC distinction) in samples with one or two Pd-Ag alloy pieces
      than in a control group. These results indicate the existence of initial
      inhibitory effect of Pd-Ag alloys on aerobic flora in the mouth, which might give
      space for anaerobic strains to increase ther growth. Presence of periodontal
      changes in a gingival crevice with Pd-Ag alloy crowns is probably due to
      anaerobic micro-organisms, as mostly anaerobic strains are responsible for
      periodontal disease.

PMID- 9951138
TI  - Infective endocarditis caused by Veillonella of dental origin.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to examine whether Veillonella could cause
      transitory bacteriemia and endocarditis in both pure and mixed cultures when the
      port of entrance for infection was made in rats' incisors. Incisors of 54 male
      Zgr: whistar conventional rats were inoculated with pure culture of Veillonella
      (18 animals) and with mixed culture of S. mutans and Veillonella (18 animals).
      Remaining 18 incisors (the control group) were treated with saline solution. The
      animals were sacrificed after 7, 21 and 52 days respectively. Two positive
      hemocultures were obtained in mixed infection after 21 days of experimental
      procedure. Histopatological analysis of endocardial tissue revealed changes in 7
      (12.96%) cases. Occurrence of acute endocarditis (one case) and chronical (four
      cases) ones depended on duration of mixed infections. For chronical endocarditis
      that appears in two animals with pure Veillonela culture we are at a loss of
      explanation. In conclusion, on the rats model Veillonella can penetrate into
      circulation in association with S. mutans via the pulp tissue and could be
      involved in infective endocarditis.

PMID- 9951139
TI  - Trichomonas tenax proteolytic activity.
AB  - In this study, proteolytic activity of Trichomonas tenax collected directly from
      patient's dentobacterial plaque was examined. Electrophoretic method involving
      polyacrylamide gels (Commassie Brilliant Blue R-250) and electrophoretic method
      involving gelatin-containing polyacrylamide gels, have been used to analyse
      Trichomonas tenax proteolytic activity. The most obvious and the fastest
      activities were obtained when gels were incubated in pH 4.6; followed by results
      of incubating in pH 5.6; while in pH 2.8 activity was less effective but still
      obvious. Proteolytic activities were the most effective in area of protein MW 36
      kDa. Different activities of enzymes depending on pH of incubated media indicate
      the presence of different endopeptidases in cell lysates of protozoon Trichomonas
      tenax from dentobacterial plaque.

PMID- 9951140
TI  - Endocrinological status of patients with periodontal disease.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to determine whether changes in the
      endocrinologic status occur in patients with progressive forms of periodontal
      disease and, if so, what their role is. For this purpose the function of
      hypophysis, concentration of pituitary and accessory gland hormones,
      parathormone, calcium, phosphorous, glucose and lipids in blood were determined.
      The study was carried out in 77 subjects, 37 patients with advanced periodontal
      disease, and 40 control subjects with normal periodontium. Blood glucose was
      significantly lower in the study group (p < 0.01%) which was surprising, since
      increased glucose values are known to favor the development of periodontal
      disease. Growth hormone was significantly lower in the study group (p < 0.01%).
      Concentrations of parathormone calcium and phosphorous were also lower in the
      study group. Among sex hormones, only estradiol was found to have a significantly
      lower value in the study group (p = 0.92%). Although the values of nearly all
      hormones were within the reference range, the within-group analysis showed
      significant differences for some hormones. In general, these results were lower
      in subjects with advanced periodontal disease.

PMID- 9951141
TI  - The influence of dental amalgam on the blood count.
AB  - The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of dental amalgam on
      the blood count of the holder of amalgam fillings. The experiments were performed
      on 30 Wistar rats. One group of rats received 8 mg of fragmented dental amalgam
      daily incorporated in their food during 60 days (group S2) and group S3 received
      amalgam fillings in their anterior teeth, which remained for 60 days. Both
      experiment groups (S2 and S3) were compared to one another as well as to control
      group (S1). From all animals of all experiment groups blood samples were drawn
      during the experiment in particular periods and complete blood count and
      differential blood count was performed. The findings of particular indicators of
      the complete blood count and differential blood count of all experiment rats
      groups S1, S2 and S3 do not deviate from the physiological values regarding age
      and sex of the observed animals.

PMID- 9951142
TI  - Taurodontism in Down's syndrome.
AB  - Forty-three pantograms of the subjects with Down's syndrome were examined for the
      diagnosis of taurodontic teeth, grade of taurodontism, sex distribution and
      individual tooth involvement. Taurodontic teeth were found in 55.8% of the
      subjects, 32.6% females and 23.2% males. Second molars were most frequently
      affected (53.2%), followed by first molars (40%) and third molars (6.5%). The
      mesotaurodontic form was the most frequent form of the anomalia (72.5%).
      Hyypotaurodontic teeth were observed in 9.7% and pyramidal teeth in 17.7% of the
      cases. Hypertaurodontic teeth were not found.

PMID- 9951143
TI  - Hypodontia in patients with Down's syndrome.
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypodontia in subjects with
      Down's syndrome. A group of 112 subjects with cytogenetically confirmed diagnosis
      of Down's syndrome, aged 12-36 years were examined. Hypodontia of the permanent
      teeth has been established on the basis of dental examination and
      orthopantomogram analysis in all cases. Hypodontia was present in 38.6% patients.
      Upper lateral incisors were most commonly missing. In patients with Angle class
      I, hypodontia most frequently referred to upper left lateral incisors, upper left
      first premolars and lower left second premolars. In patients with Angle class II,
      lower second premolars and upper incisors were most commonly affected by
      hypodontia. In patients with Angle class III, hypodontic findings more frequently
      referred to the maxilla as compared to mandible.

PMID- 9951144
TI  - Characteristics of oral lichen in the Croatian population.
AB  - Oral lichen ruber (OLR) is a chronic, recurrent disease with a worldwide
      prevalence of 0.9%-2.2%. In Croatia, the disease has been on a constant increase
      over the last 10 years, and its prevalence has reached the upper limit. The aim
      of the study was to identify OLR specificities in a Croatian population. The
      study included 100 subjects, 84 women and 16 men, mean age 53 +/- 13.88 years,
      with recurrent OLR. Results showed a four-fold prevalence of OLR in women as
      compared to men. In women, the disease was found to develop later than in men.
      Oral changes indicated the reticular form of the disease in 62% and erosive in
      33%, whereas all other types were present in 5% of study subjects. Systemic
      disorders underlying OLR were found in 93% of study patients, predominantly
      isolated or in combination. Pathologic values of laboratory tests were recorded
      in 23% of study subjects. Significant differences were obtained in OLR associated
      with gastritis and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05), and with gastritis and
      cholecystopathy (p < 0.001). Increased values of bilirubin (p < 0.01),
      triglycerides (p < 0.01) and blood glucose (p < 0.001) were recorded in men. The
      level of total lipids was significantly higher in OLR associated with
      cholecystopathy (p < 0.05). Accordingly, the occurrence of OLR in the Croatian
      population was found to be most commonly associated with the hepatobiliary system
      diseases, followed by gastric disorders and diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 9951145
TI  - Natural killer cells in oral lichen ruber.
AB  - NK-cells are one of main indicators of nonspecific and innate immunity. Disorder
      of NK-cell functional activity can result with autoimmune diseases and it can
      suppose that every disorder has significant role in pathogenetic mechanisms in
      OLR, like oral mucocutaneous autoimmunity disease. Result of NK cells function,
      like indicator of innate immunity condition, can be very interesting in patients
      with OLR. Examination of NK-cell functional activity and their total count in
      peripheral blood of patients were spended, which included 38 patients.
      Examination of total NK cell count in peripheral blood and their activity spended
      by method described by Rabatic at al. Results showed statistically significant
      correlation with control groups in all functional activity, NK cell to target
      cells, in ratio 25:1, 50:1 and 100:1 (E:T) %l. Statistically significant result
      of lower NK cells functional activity, and total NK cell count in peripheral
      blood in patients with OLR, refer to alteration of innate immunity persons with
      this recurrent oral disease. That disorder can have important role in
      pathogenetic mechanisms in beginnings of OLR.

PMID- 9951146
TI  - Oral lichen planus and HLA A.
AB  - Oral lichen planus (OLP) is autoimmune disease that appears on the oral mucosa
      only, or in combination with skin lesions. The occurrence of squamous cell
      carcinoma in areas of lichen erosions makes it necessary to follow up patients
      suffering from chronic lesions. Prevalence in general population varies from 0.9%
      to 1.2% and varies in different ethnic groups. It is known that cell-mediated
      immune mechanisms and genetic factors underline OLP pathogenesis. We tested 50
      OLP unrelated patients (5 males) for HLA A and compared them to 1089 healthy
      controls. OLP patients had 3 times less frequently HLA A w19 and 5 times less
      frequently HLA A28, compared with controls. Erosive OLP type had 4 times less
      frequently HLA A11 and 2 times less frequently HLA A26 than plaque form. In
      conclusion, HLA A w19 and A28 appeared associated with OLP in particular, while
      HLA A11 and A26 with erosive types of OLP.

PMID- 9951147
TI  - Oral lichen planus and HLA B.
AB  - Oral lichen planus (OLP) is mucocutaneous autoimmune disease of still unknown
      etiology. Among all etiological factors, OLP can be associated with carbohydrate
      disorders. As it is known that some HLA B and DR 3/4 antigens are cross-linked,
      we have determined the frequencies of HLA B antigens in group of 50 Croatian
      patients (5 males) with OLP and compared them with the 1089 healthy controls.
      Alterations in the frequencies of several HLA B antigens were noted, in
      particular, the frequencies of HLA B 15 were 4 times higher, and HLA B18 were 4
      times lower compared with controls. The OLP patients with carbohydrate metabolism
      disorders had more frequently HLA B16, B2 and B40 and the patients with OLP
      without disturbed carbohydrate metabolism had more frequently HLA B5, B7 and BX.
      HLA B15 and B18 are closely connected with DR 3/4 antigens in diabetes mellitus,
      so these particular antigens may predispose a person to a lichen planus.

PMID- 9951148
TI  - Oral lichen planus and HLA DR.
AB  - Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease,
      predominantly seen in middle-aged female patients. Histopathologically, OLP
      includes parakeratosis with T-lymphocyte subepithelial infiltration. In etiology
      of OLP, chronically liver and biliary diseases, stress-induced hypertension,
      inheritance and most commonly carbohydrate metabolism disorders including
      diabetes mellitus are mentioned. Considering the autoimmune nature of the illness
      and the role of the HLA DR 3/4 antigens in development of diabetes mellitus we
      hypothesized that the same antigens could play role in the development of OLP. We
      examined 50 unrelated Croatian patients (5 males) from Institute of Oral
      Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, with clinical and
      histopathological diagnosis of OLP. They were all tested for HLA DR and compared
      with 1089 Croatian controls that underwent the tissue standardization in
      fathership cases. OLP patients had blood sugar level controlled, and those with
      HLA DR 3/4 and those with blood sugar level higher then 5.6 mmol/l additionally
      underwent standard oral glucose tolerance test. Carbohydrate metabolism disorder
      was found in 13 OLP patients (26%) while 10 of them (20%) had diabetes mellitus
      type I. This finding is 400 times more frequent than is appearance of diabetes in
      healthy controls (0.05%) in Croatia.

PMID- 9951149
TI  - Reduction of epithelial dendritic cells in keratotic lesion of oral lichen
      planus.
AB  - The number and distribution of epithelial dendritic cells (EDC) in oral mucosal
      lesions are variable depending on the degree of epithelial
      maturation/differentiation and disease activity. Localized absence of EDC might
      impair mucosal immunologic protection, allow microbial colonization and enhance
      carcinogenesis. Increased number of EDC during the early stage of oral lichen
      planus (OLP) suggests their increased antigen-presenting capability and
      immunologic activity with inflammatory reaction, but their role in the process of
      keratinization remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to
      determine the number and distribution of EDC in 33 biopsy specimens from lesions
      of OLP and from 18 control specimens of leukoplakia (LPL) at sites undergoing
      increased keratinization. Cells were identified immunocytochemically by the
      presence of antigen CD68 and labeled with acid phosphatase (AP) and alpha
      naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) techniques. Numbers of EDC were expressed per mm
      epithelial surface length. Significantly more EDC with prominent histoenzymatic
      activity of AP and ANAE were present in OLP than in LPL. Intense enzymatic
      activity of ANAE was expressed in EDC of OLP with hyperparakeratosis. In the
      lesions with increased keratinization the number of EDC was markedly reduced in
      OLP while in LPL remained unchanged. Reduced number and subbasal redistribution
      of EDC in OLP suggest diminution of immunologic reaction and disease activity but
      also increased tissue vulnerability to various antigen challenges.

PMID- 9951150
TI  - Incidence and distribution of dehiscences and fenestrations on human skulls.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and distribution of
      dehiscences and fenestrations of the alveolar plate. The sample used in the study
      consisted of 163 adult jaw bones (78 maxillae and 85 mandibles) of a recent
      population from the north-western Croatia. The skulls are part of the skull
      collection of The Anatomy Institute, Zagreb, Croatia. The number and location of
      dehiscences and fenestrations for each tooth area above the total number of 2038
      teeth were registrated. The total number of 696 (26.67%) dehiscences and 190
      (9.32%) fenestrations was measured. Among the maxillary teeth, canines exhibited
      greatest and most frequent dehiscences and fenestrations. In the mandible,
      canines were most commonly associated with both defects, too. It was concluded
      that the canines were most frequently associated with either of the osseous
      defects.

PMID- 9951151
TI  - Alveolar bone resorption in the skulls.
AB  - In this report the quantitative relationship between the alveolar bone and
      cervical part of the teeth in millenary intervals of human existence is reported.
      In this study 115 skulls were examined of which 27 belonged to the 1st, 22 to the
      10th and 66 to the 20th century. The skulls belonged to persons of both sexes
      older than 20 years. Each group mentioned was divided into four subgroups
      according to the age persons (20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50+). It measured tooth
      cervical-height index (TCH-index) according to Davies and coll. The resorptive
      changes on the alveoli are increasing in the older age, the alveolar resorption
      is greater on the vestibular than interdental side, the higher values of alveolar
      resorption in the skulls of the 20th century are statistically significant in
      relation to the skulls from the 1st and 10th century.

PMID- 9951152
TI  - Comparison of dental maturity between two ethnic groups.
AB  - Dental maturity is one of the indicators of the craniofacial region growth and
      development. The aim of the study was to identify and compare dental growth and
      development in two ethnic groups. The material consisted of 480
      orthopantomograms; 240 selected from orthodontic and dental patients from Zagreb
      (Croatia) and Damascus (Syria) each. Each ethnic group included 120 boys and 120
      girls, while the radiographs were classified into 6 groups of 20 each, according
      to sex and chronologic age (8-13 years). Dental maturity was evaluated by the
      method of Nolla. The results were statistically analyzed and presented in tables.
      The subjects from Damascus showed a delay in dental maturity by 1 (girls) to 2
      (boys) years compared to the homologous group from Zagreb. The reference values
      determined in the study may serve as a diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic
      tool in the orthodontics and pedodontics of the respective cities.

PMID- 9951153
TI  - Development of third molars in children in Istria.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of third molars in children
      in Istria aged 7 to 18. The study was performed on 2350 panoramic radiographs of
      children in Istria that have been analysed and then divided into 7 age groups.
      Each of these groups consisted of the same number of boys and girls. It has been
      found that the development of third molars starts earlier in the mandible, and
      that before the age of 12 there are more third molars in the mandible than in the
      maxilla (p < 0.01). Nine-year old girls have statistically significantly more
      third molars than the boys of that age, but twelve year old boys have more than
      the girls. The differences in the prevalence of third molars between the jaw
      sides was statistically significant only for mandibles of twelve year old girls.
      Hypodontia of third molars has been found in 4.5% of boys and 5.8% of girls aged
      14 to 18.

PMID- 9951154
TI  - Orthodontic anomalies in primary and permanent dentition--a longitudinal study.
AB  - This research has intention to examine the stability and the changes of the
      Classes from the period of primary to permanent dentition on longitudinally
      examined subjects. The sample consisted of 246 children (132 boys and 114 girls)
      with orthodontic anomalies in primary dentition that were not orthodontically
      treated until the ensuing visit made by the same orthodontist in permanent
      dentition. 71.9% of the examined children (72.7% boys and 71.0% girls) registered
      no Class changes within the analysed period. Between boys the falling of the
      Class I occlusion, from primary to permanent dentition is unsignificant, but
      between girls Class I occlusion is falling significant and grow Class II
      malocclusion. In boys 29.2% of changes occurred in Class I occlusion of which
      25.0% were brought to Class II while 4.2% to Class III malocclusion. In girls
      from 32.9% changed Class I occlusion, 28.9% changed into Class II, and 3.9% into
      Class III malocclusion. The Class II malocclusion during the development of
      dentition is more stable than the Class I occlusion.

PMID- 9951155
TI  - Dimensional measurements on the human dental panoramic radiographs.
AB  - The objective of this study was to evaluate the precision of the horizontal and
      vertical linear dimensional measurements on orthopantomographic images. Different
      horizontal and vertical distances denoted by metal markers were measured on 25
      dry mandibles. The same mandibles were then positioned in an orthopantomographic
      machine and their radiographic images were made. Measurements of the same
      distances were repeated on the panoramic images and compared to the results of
      the measurements on the dry mandibles. All results were statistically analyzed.
      The results showed significant difference between the magnification factor listed
      by the manufacturer and the calculated magnification factors, the latter being
      closer to 1.00. The study also showed that linear measurements made only on one
      side of panoramic images of mandibles were close to actual dimensions of dry
      mandibles, while the measurements which extended across the midline of mandibles
      were greatly enlarged due to large magnification factors.

PMID- 9951156
TI  - Modification of the angle of the lower third of the face.
AB  - Determination of vertical dimension of occlusion by roentgencephalometric method,
      with the help of the angle of the lower third of the face, has been described in
      literature. The aim of this study was to modify the angle of the lower third of
      the face and correlate its determination with reference planes for orientation of
      casts in the articulators space, to determine mean value and measures of
      variability of the modified angle in a random sample, and the possibility to use
      this angle as a control value for establishing the height of the lower third of
      the face. On a sample of 131 roentgenograms in L-L projection, with teeth in
      maximal intercuspation, points: N, IS47, THA, SNA, SNP, Xi and Pg were traced
      down. By the use of this points the angle of the lower third of the face (angle
      K) was constructed. The values of the angle were measured and statistically
      analyzed. Mean value of the angle was 48.5 degrees, with standard deviation of
      4.41 and coefficient of variation 9.09%. The investigated angle can serve as a
      control value for determination of intermaxillary relationships and should not be
      accepted as an strict norm.

PMID- 9951157
TI  - Morphometrical analysis of main and accessory canals in apical root portion of
      frontal teeth.
AB  - Reviewing radiographs may often lead to a wrong conclusion regarding root canal
      ending (apical constriction) and anatomical apex of the tooth root.
      Anthropological measurements may help clinicians to understand better root canal
      ending aberrations in a sense to decide whether to do a revision of the root
      canal filling or not. The object of this investigation was to examine the
      deviation frequency, the distance of the major apical foramen from the anatomical
      apex and occurrence and number of accessory canals in the apical third of the
      frontal teeth roots. A total of 156 randomly chosen upper and lower permanent
      incisors and canines, after extraction due to periodontal disease were prepared
      for the investigation. The access cavity was prepared and root canal therapy was
      initiated just to prepare endodontic space for methylene blue dye injection.
      Methylene blue clearly dyed all root canal exits and after that the teeth were
      cut and examined with a stereomicroscope and a sliding scale. Results indicate
      that deviation frequency was found in 60.25% of the cases and the mean distance
      between deviated major foramen and the anatomical root apex was 0.35 mm.
      Accessory canals were found in 33.33% of the cases in the apex third of the root.
      Data were statistically elaborated with the method of Chi-square test.

PMID- 9951158
TI  - Osteointegration of a replanted tooth followed by RVG densitometry.
AB  - The frequency of dental traumas in children has been increasing. This work
      reviews a patient aged 9 who had the 2-day old fracture of the root of first
      permanent central incisor skewed palatinally 3 mm under the bone. The tooth was
      extracted, its canal filled with calcium hydroxide, and within less than 10
      minutes the tooth was replanted and fixed by a metal splint. Daily follow-up did
      not show either pathological perioodontal changes or subjective pain symptoms.
      After 3 months the tissue density of both incisors was the same, i.e. the
      fractured tooth showed entire osteointegration.

PMID- 9951159
TI  - Histologic difference in epithelial linings between follicular and radicular
      cysts.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to identify histologic differences in epithelial
      linings between follicular and radicular cysts in relation of their development.
      Linings and surrounding tissues of 25 radicular and 20 follicular cysts from
      archival paraffin embedded tissues were obtained and stained with haematoxylin
      and eosin. Radicular cysts showed orthokeratotic 9-14 cell-layer-thick non
      keratinized squamous epithelium and unspecific chronic inflammatory reaction in
      connective tissue. Follicular cysts showed 2-4 cell-layer-thick of non
      keratinized stratified squamous or flattened-low cuboidal epithelium and
      connective tissue capsule free from inflammatory cell infiltration.

PMID- 9951160
TI  - Development of bony acetabulum in newborns with developmental hip dysplasia.
AB  - Trend in the development of bony acetabulum in newborns with developmental hip
      dysplasia was examined during the first year of life. The study comprised 120
      newborns with developmental hip dysplasia. The degree of dysplasia was determined
      by measuring the acetabular angle (AC) on X-rays of the hips in the
      anteroposterior projection. The experimental trend curve was most adequate for
      both the whole group and each subject. The coefficient of trend was assessed by
      specially designed iterative method. The exhibited trend form allows the
      extrapolation and prognosis of treatment outcome already after 3-5 measurements
      of the AC angle. The applied iterative method for the determination of the
      coefficient of exponential trend iterated rather quickly. The chosen form of the
      trend curve proved to be adequate for manifestations in which a constant value is
      expected after a longer period of time. The exponential curve represents a
      mathematical model of the acetabular development dynamics, with allometric
      exponents and coefficients of the equation being numerical parameters that define
      developmental changes. As the AC angle reaches the constant value with the
      closure of triradiate cartilage, this parameter is an objective measure of the
      development of bony acetabulum. When assessing the acetabular growth in
      developmental dysplasia it is necessary to bear in mind that duration, specific
      position and quantity of newly formed and remodelled bone are determined
      genetically, and that external factors have a significant influence on the
      definitive formation.

PMID- 9951161
TI  - Echosonogrametric diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip.
AB  - In view of adding to ultrasonographic scanning of the neonatal hip through
      various projections and in order to improve the measurement and quantification
      base of the normal and dysplastic neonatal hip, the research was conducted on
      anatomic hip preparation of full-term still-born baby. The research on a clinical
      sample covered 600 ultrasonically examined normal and dysplastic hips.
      Ultrasonographic serial scanning was performed on various planes using linear
      transducer with 5 and 7.5 MHz and with or without a water pillow. On the clinical
      sample of the particular group various projections were applied and results
      compared with projections obtained on anatomic preparation. Concluded was that
      with several projections frontal sonographic projections tomographic examination
      of the hip joint could be performed. Better insight of the position of the
      femoral head at rest in neutral and flexed positions, the relative stability of
      the hip with motion and stress and the depth and configuration of the bony and
      cartilaginous portions of the acetabulum could be obtained if, besides frontal
      sections, cross sections of the hip were used. Sufficient measurement data
      echosonogrametric parameters were indispensable for an adequate definition of all
      hip joint structures.

PMID- 9951162
TI  - Body height and weight and respiratory diseases in skeletal Class II/1
      orthodontic patients.
AB  - The aims of this study were to determine if there is an increased incidence of
      respiratory diseases in patients with Angle Class II/1 skeletal intermaxillary
      relationship in comparison to eugnathic patients and if there is a difference of
      body height and weight between them. The sample consisted of 60 eugnathic
      subjects and 88 subjects with Class II/1. Girls were examined at an age of 6, 7,
      8, 10, 13 and 14 and boys at an age of 7, 8, 9, 11, 14 and 15. All subjects
      underwent an orthodontic and medical examination in these time intervals. Data
      about their respiratory diseases as well as those about their height and weight
      were taken from their medical files in school dispensaries and were statistically
      analyzed. No statistically significant differences with regard to the frequency
      of respiratory diseases were found between eugnathic subjects and those with
      Class II/1. In almost all investigated time intervals subjects with Class II/1
      were statistically significantly higher than the eugnathic subjects, but only in
      the 8-years old male group with Class II/1 the subjects were heavier than others.
      The results of this study suggest that patients with Class II/1 either have a
      faster growth pattern or belong to an asthenic constitution type.

PMID- 9951163
TI  - The tooth reduction and abrasion in a group of elderly home residents.
AB  - The degree of tooth loss and abrasion was the objective of the study on a group
      of 73 partially dentate elderly home residents, with particular interest in the
      type of missing and abraded tooth and the type of the interocclusal contacts
      according to the Eichner classification. The patients were examined by a dental
      mirror and a probe. The obtained data of dental status as well as medical and
      dental history were recorded in a specially designed questionnaire according to
      the WHO recommendations. The results confirmed the hypothesis about the molars
      being the most commonly missing teeth, with average values of 4.49 present teeth
      in lateral section and 5.82 present teeth in frontal section of the dental arch.
      The Eichner index class III was the most often interocclusal relationship found
      within 74% of the elderly home residents. Lower teeth were abraded more often
      than the upper teeth, showing higher abrasion degrees (class 2 and 3).

PMID- 9951164
TI  - Some periodontological parameters in patients with oesophagogastric passage
      insufficiency.
AB  - The aim of this study was to examine the state of oral hygiene (OHI), the
      presence of tooth calculus and the condition of the gingiva on the group of 101
      patient with oesophagogastric passage insufficiency. The control was group of 78
      examines without clinical signs of oesophagogastric disease. The plaque was
      visualised by plaque revelator and recorded on each tooth. The calculus and
      condition of gingiva was determined according to the modified instruction of WHO,
      1987. Both parameters were determined for each sextant of upper and lower jaw.
      The results of the OHI on the patients with oesophagogastric passage
      insufficiency (0.3, SD 0.126) was statistically different (p < 0.01) in
      comparison with control group (0.51, SD 0.25). Pathological changes of gingiva
      were more prominent in patient with insufficiency and that difference was
      statistically significant (p < 0.05). Calculus was more evident in control group
      but statistically insignificant (p < 0.1). The data show that insufficiency of
      oesophagogastric passage can cause pathological changes of gingiva while the
      lower OHI and less prominent calculus could be explained probably by better oral
      hygiene of patients because of bad taste in mouths.

PMID- 9951165
TI  - Bruxism and psychobiological model of personality.
AB  - Bruxism is an abnormal activity of the masticatory system, caused by both
      psychological and occlusal factors. The aim of the study was to determine the
      possible correlation between the temperament and character of patients and
      bruxism. Personality profile of 35 bruxism patients, with no history of
      psychiatric disorder, was studied by means of Cloninger's seven factor model of
      temperament and character. For diagnosis of bruxism, muscle activity was analysed
      and occlusal interferences and facets were registered by clinical functional
      analysis. Temperament and Character Inventory assesses four dimensions of
      temperament and three dimensions of character. Results suggest that bruxism
      patients can have following personality traits: exploratory, impulsive,
      extravagant and irritable, pessimistic, fearful, shy and fatigable, critical,
      aloof, detached and independent, lazy, spoiled, underachiever and pragmatist.
      Combined scores of character dimension indicate immature dimensions of character.
      Inventory is not standardized for the Croatian population, therefore the result
      should be taken with caution.

PMID- 9951166
TI  - Biological markers of alcohol related disorders.
AB  - The authors in this study lay out a relatively new approach to the diagnostics of
      alcoholism. Measuring the biological markers of this disease is a useful
      extension of the standard clinical examination and a promising method for
      improving prevention. Studies about markers of alcoholism provide a new, exact
      and quantitative way of diagnosing alcoholism, by means of determining the
      "state" markers, which include markers of the cerebral process of dependency
      development and markers of acute and chronic intoxication by alcohol; and by
      means of determining the "trait" markers, which suggest the disposition for the
      development of alcohol disease. The authors believe that measuring the biological
      markers is a promising new approach that should improve the diagnostics and
      prevention of alcoholism.

PMID- 9951167
TI  - Tuberculosis and alcoholism in Croatia.
AB  - Alcoholism and tuberculosis represent very difficult problem in treatment because
      both illnesses require complex treatment which cannot be adequately obtained on
      classic wards. Tuberculosis in the last 50 years showed the constant decline of
      incidence--in Croatia (4,500,000 inhabitants) from approximately 20,000 to
      approximately 2000 cases per year. This study compares preliminary results of
      AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) in the group of tuberculosis
      patients with the diagnosis of alcoholism (group 1) and in the group of
      tuberculosis patients who had not the diagnosis of alcoholism (group 2) and who
      all were admitted to the Hospital for pulmonary diseases and tuberculosis
      Klenovnik where is an organised unique ward management for tuberculosis and
      alcoholic patients functioning for the last 25 years on the basic principles of
      therapeutic community. Their average AUDIT score was 25.44--very high, and all
      patients scored above 8, what indicated on harmful and hazardous drinking.
      Additionally, in the group of patients admitted for hospital treatment of
      tuberculosis without diagnosis alcoholism there were more than 50% of harmful or
      hazardous alcohol drinkers who ranged 8 or more on AUDIT score, what could
      indicate that modern identification of hazardous drinking (for example using
      AUDIT) should be used in all pulmonary and tuberculosis wards. Patients for whom
      diagnostic procedure shows that they drink harmfully or hazardously should be
      treated simultaneously for tuberculosis and alcohol use disorders. Because of
      hidden alcohol problems the group sociotherapy should be organised for all
      patients at all wards for treatment of tuberculosis in a common and special
      alcohologic way.

PMID- 9951168
TI  - Contribution to the ergonomic investigations in textile industry.
AB  - Ergonomic hypothesis and functional dependences in the system of the worker,
      machine and environment are treated, with the purpose to find out optimum
      relation between humanisation and productivity of the work. The characteristics
      of the technological processes are investigated, which considerably influence the
      working suitability and the capability of the workers. The experimental
      procedures for workers stresses and efforts determination are introduced.

PMID- 9951169
TI  - Application of ergonomics principles of burdening of the worker in the process of
      clothes cutting.
AB  - In the technological procedure of clothes cutting, lifting, transferring and
      putting of textile bundles on the machine for laying of cutting layers are
      considered to be the most difficult physical tasks. Upon standing position of the
      worker, centre of the mass is relatively high and hydrostatic pressure of blood
      column is increased influencing relatively increased blood circulation at the end
      of extremities. High incidence of muscle-bone and other health problems occur
      although this job has been classified as an easy one according to the criteria of
      energy consumption. These are ever growing cause of degenerative diseases of the
      vertebral column, absence from the work and early invalidity. Distortion of
      vertebral column towards right and left as well as forward in cervical and lumbar
      part of the body have been investigated upon monitoring of the work, as well as
      rotation of dorsal part of the body on the workers in the technological process
      of clothes cutting. Corresponding mathematical formulation has been shown for
      this investigation. Size of the distortion and rotation angles were investigated
      on four workers who perform various technological clothes cutting operations on
      two variously formed working places. Based on the monitoring of the workers
      values of vertebral column during working time were established, and also maximum
      distortion and rotation angles at the beginning and at the end of carrying out of
      cutting technological procedure, were established.

PMID- 9951170
TI  - Occupational tooth-wear in clothing industry workers.
AB  - A research on tooth-wear was done in a clothing factory, focusing on the teeth of
      the inter-canine sector in 59 workers who had volunteered for the research. The
      subjects were in the habit of cutting the thread with their teeth instead of
      using scissors as was prescribed in the production process. In 53 (89.83%) of the
      subjects, damages of the incisal portion of the tooth were found, whereas in the
      remaining 6 (10.17%) there were no such changes. No significant difference could
      be established in the incidence of tooth-wear between the women workers who cut
      the thread with their teeth constantly and those who only did that occasionally
      (p > 0.05). Because of the action of pulling a thread across the incisal edge of
      the incisor, defects--in the form of solitary, oval or multiple cuts (attributed
      the values 1, 2 and 3)--had been inflicted on the incisal portion of the teeth.
      Most frequently those were the defects of the enamel (type 2, 1), but in some
      cases dentin (type 3), also was affected. A somewhat more severe degree of damage
      was observed from workers biting the purely polyester-made thread (p < 0.05) than
      from biting the regular sewing type of thread. Education of the workers seems to
      be the only useful prevention, since we are dealing with only a bad habit.
      Therefore, the workers should be warned that the seemingly innocent cutting of
      thread with their teeth could lead to esthetic, functional and restorative
      problems.

PMID- 9951171
TI  - Early post-operative complications in oral implantology.
AB  - Hematoma, postoperative bleeding, edema, early infection, dehiscence, emphysema,
      air embolism, loss of primary stability of the implant, acute sinusitis,
      postoperative cutaneous or mucosal anesthesia and loss of central visual field
      are early postoperative complications. The incidence of early post-operative
      complication during the first days of postoperative follow-up was inquired.
      Eleven patients were implanted by 27 DPI implants. The patients were followed up
      the first day, the second day and the tenth day after the one-phase surgical
      technique. Dehiscence in 2 patients, edema in 10 patients, hematoma in 2 patient
      and postoperative bleedings in 3 patients were established. Three implants were
      removed because loss of primary stability. It is indicated that by proper
      preoperative and intraoperative as well as postoperative approach it is possible
      to influence early postoperative complications. Even though postoperative
      complications are sometimes unavoidable, choosing the most appropriate surgical
      technique and keeping oral cavity hygiene are the most important factors in
      prevention. It is concluded that only the loss of primary stability is
      incorrigible and successes of implanto-prosthetic rehabilitation can be properly
      and fully evaluated only after 5 to 10 years of follow up period.

PMID- 9951172
TI  - Prevalence and intraoral distribution of dentin hypersensitivity among students.
AB  - The exposed dentin which is the result of the consequence of the enamel loss (by
      erosion, abrasion, attrition), gingival recession or periodontal therapy, as well
      as anatomic defects often as its result has dentinal hypersensitivity. The
      purpose of this work is to examine the frequency of dentinal hypersensitivity in
      relation to the subjective estimation of the examined persons and objectively, by
      intraoral examination. Forty persons, students from the School of dentistry of
      average age of 22.35 years were tested and analysed. Subjective data are achieved
      by the method of questionnaire while the objective ones by pulling the probe in
      the area of the tooth neck for the purpose of mechanical testing and by air
      syringe for the cold stimulus. The results show that the clinical
      hypersensitivity amounts 52.5% in relation to the subjective data 32.5%. The
      duration of hypersensitivity amounts in average 18 months and the strongest way
      of its demonstration is the cold and mechanical stimulus. The half of the
      examined brush their teeth twice a day out of which 72.5% do that by the half
      hard nylon brush, and the percentage of teeth with cuneiform defects amounts to
      4.45. The often phenomenon of dentin hypersensitivity already among the young
      underline the need of preventive action and removing the damaging factors which
      contribute to the start of hypersensitivity of the nude dentin.

PMID- 9951173
TI  - Psychophysiological parameters and children's behavior during dental treatment.
AB  - Uncooperative children represent one of the leading problems in clinical
      pedodontics. The hypothesis of this study was that extraverted children reveal
      greater pain tolerance, lower stress levels and anxiety in general in comparison
      to introverted ones. A total of 130 children aged 11 to 15 years were studied, 55
      boys and 75 girls. In the research, psychological tests were performed along with
      the measurements of some physiological parameters and children's own assessment
      of pain intensity. The results revealed the connection between extraverted
      personality and children's behavior at the dentist's clinic. Pain tolerance,
      levels of anxiety and general pattern of behavior were significantly dependent on
      psychological control mechanisms.

PMID- 9951174
TI  - [Current state of uterine tamponade with Foley catheter in intractable bleeding].
AB  - In obstetrics, the uterine tamponade has been used for the control of acute
      uterine bleeding. However, the control of the acute hemorrhage from the
      nonpuerperal uterus is more difficult. Four cases are presented with uterine
      bleeding during dilation and evacuation without response to medical treatment.
      They were treated with the use of the Foley catheter for 12 to 24 hrs. There were
      not complications. The uterine tamponade with Foley catheter is a therapeutic
      option before the radical surgical treatment.

PMID- 9951175
TI  - [A clinical case. Diagnosis and laparoscopic treatment of ovarian pregnancy].
AB  - Ovarian pregnancy is an uncommon presentation of ectopic pregnancy. It's
      frequency is 0.3-3.0 of all ectopic gestations. Is reported the case of a 33-year
      old female patient without previous pathology, was admitted because of lower
      abdominal pain, bloody vaginal discharge, a right adnexal mass, and positive
      serum pregnancy test. The preoperative diagnosis was tubal ectopic pregnancy. The
      following case report illustrates the successful application of operative
      laparoscopy for to treat primary ovarian pregnancy.

PMID- 9951176
TI  - [Septate uterus with cervical duplication and vaginal partition: a rare
      malformation].
AB  - It presents three cases of Mullerian anomalies with septate uterus and cervical
      duplication and longitudinal vaginal septum. There are a few previous cases
      reported. The cases are discussed and the literature is revised.

PMID- 9951177
TI  - [Incidence of dysmenorrhea and associated symptoms in women aged 12-24 years].
AB  - A Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire was administered to 1,066 women students from
      Mexico City. The questionnaire included general data and 12 symptoms related to
      dysmenorrhea. The mean age of the participants was 18 +/- 3.2 years. The mean age
      of menarche was 12.3 +/- 1.3 years. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 52.1% for
      the group < 15 years of age, 63.8% for women between 15-19 years, and 52.3% for
      the group of 20-24 years. The frequency of absenteeism as a result of
      dysmenorrhea in the group < 15 years was 4.3%, 9.3% for the group 15-19 years and
      19.8% for the group 20-24 years. Systemic symptoms accompanying dysmenorrhea were
      clustered for analysis. The most frequent symptoms associated with dysmenorrhea
      were nervousness, depression, irritability and sleeplessness. Self-medication was
      prevalent, the most utilized drugs being antispasmodics.

PMID- 9951178
TI  - [Toxoplasmosis and threatened abortion].
AB  - To know the situation of the toxoplasmosis in Comitan Chiapas, we made a
      serological indirect inmunofluorecent antibody test (IFA) to the population of
      this city and to fifty women with abortion in evolution. The results show us that
      around five percent of the population in general have positive title of
      antitoxoplasma gondii antibiodies, and 18% in the women with abortion evolution
      case. The statistics concluded that seropositive for this parasitic disease is
      real higher between cases of abortion than population in general (P < 0.006), as
      well as it is significantly higher in abortion cases than women of the general
      population of Comitan Chiapas (P < 0.01).

PMID- 9951179
TI  - [Janiceps cephalo-thoraco-abdominopagus pregnancy].
AB  - Cojoined twins was analyzed type cephalothoracoabdominopagus, is especially rare
      case of dysgenetic abnormalities, in which the heads, necs, thoraces and abdomen
      are joined. Twins births joined have been said to occur with a frequency of 1 per
      100,000 deliveries, but the incidence of this malformations is one in three
      million conjoined twins. Conjoined twinning may be associated with a more
      fundamental failure of embryonic migration or may be associated with a more
      fundamental failure of ambryonic migration or fusion, 95% of conjoined twins are
      females. The Janiceps type of cephalothoracoabdominopagus derives its name from
      Janus, in Roman nythology, the god of doors and gateways, his statue with two
      faces, facing east and west for the beginning and ending of the day. The anatomic
      features with the Janiceps type of cephalothoracoabdominopagus are describe, and
      the mechanisms that may have played a role in the abnormal development of these
      twins are discussed. The mother was a 22-year-old, with last menstrual period
      January 12, 1997. She came to the other medical center, with an ultrasound study
      performed at 27 weeks' gestation, and possible multiple fetal anormalies, a
      second ultrasound examination, confirmed abnormalities, two hearts, as well as
      polihidramnios. Past history included normal espontaneous vaginal delivery of
      healthy term infant, who were alive and well, family history was negative for
      congenital anormalies, and no prior history of twinning. She denied use of drugs,
      alcohol, or cigarettes; had no fever, vaginal bleeding, or other problems with
      the pregnancy. The abdomen was gravid to 48 cm, and contractions were palpable,
      fetal heart tones were 1400 beats per minute. On the one day of admission the
      patient underwent delivery of conjoined infants, the Apgar scores were zero at 1
      minute and at 5 minutes. The infants were joined front-to-front, with two faces,
      each a compositive of toth twins, each twin han four extremities, in each face
      resambled a one nose, with structure incomplete in one face, esophagi were fused.
      Each twin had its own skeletal system extending from the cervical spine
      downwards. The congenital malformations for each conjoined twin are listed in the
      autopsy report, abnormalities included absent ovary and uterus in both twin.
      COnjoined twins develop from a single zygote, the cause is unknown. We proposed,
      embryonic tissue divides incompletely, likely to result in twinning anomalies
      from the 15th to 16th day postovulation, during the late part of period six,
      about the third week.

PMID- 9951180
TI  - [Usefulness of the trans-umbilical incision in laparoscopic surgery].
AB  - Most surgeons induces pneumoperitoneum with the Verres' needle via an infra or a
      supraumbilical route; only a reduced group does it true the umbilicus. This paper
      reports the authors experience using the trans-umbilical route emphasizing its
      differences and advantages over the conventional umbilical approach. The files of
      our last 100 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed in different hospitals were
      reviewed. Trans-umbilical route was used in 93 cases. Four patients were found to
      have an umbilical hernia with no content in its sac and it did not compromised
      the approach. In 7 cases the semi-open technique had to be used because of
      previous abdominal surgery. There were no major complications during the
      induction of the pneumoperitoneoum; no hematomas infections or post-operative
      umbilical hernias either, just a mild pneumopreperitoneum occurred in 5 patients.
      Trans-umbilical approach for pneumoperitoneum induction is useful, safe, easy to
      repair, has a low infection rate, and provide better cosmetic results; scar is
      almost invisible deep in the umbilicus. This approach has several advantages over
      the ordinary umbilical approaches by been cautious and by using the authors'
      technique, mini-invasive procedures can be initiated quick and safely.

PMID- 9951181
TI  - [Myths, prejudices and reality about dental treatment during pregnancy. A medical
      opinion].
AB  - The education and assistance strategies aimed al preserving oral health must play
      an important role in the overall care of the pregnant woman. It has been
      demonstrated that there are beliefs and practices in our culture that relegate,
      odontologic care in this stage, where attitudes and behaviors on the health
      disease process are influenced by the prevailing medical culture, which includes
      the physician's opinion. The objective was To obtain the physician's opinion on
      the odontologic care during pregnancy. A previously validate survey which
      included 15 questions, was applied to a randomly selected sample of 700
      physicians. Of the 650 surveys analyzed, 57% were applied to general
      practitioners, 24% to gynecologists and obstetrician, and 19% to other medical
      specialist regularly consulted by women during their prenatal care. There is low
      referral of pregnant women to the regularly check their patients teeth of gums
      53% physicians said that the odontologist did not need to consult them about
      dental treatment, while 593 thought otherwise, 362 surveyed practitioners point
      out the convenience of using the lead apron when taking periapical x-ray. These
      results point out the importance of establishing a good communication channel
      between the physician and dentist. It is clear that there is a lack of truth in
      the oral health specialist's ability to provide treatment to pregnant patients,
      and that the physician ignores many of the odontological procedures and their low
      risk.

PMID- 9951182
TI  - [Prolactin and its role in the regulation of ovarian function].
AB  - The prolactin is a versatile hormone with important functions in various
      phenomena such as immunological and reproductive process. Historically, the ovary
      prolactin association has been viewed almost exclusively in the context of the
      hyperprolactinemia, although there are evidences that propts toward a direct
      control on ovarian function. Recently has been identified the synthetic apparatus
      of human prolactin localized in granulosa cells of ovarian follicle, it suggest
      an autocrine mechanism of prolactin in the intraovarian control. It is important
      ot establish the relations between the prolactin secreted by the pituitary and
      the prolactin-like peptides secreted by immunocompetent, endothelial and ovarian
      cells in several physiological and physiopathological states.

PMID- 9951183
TI  - Our expanding South Carolina Medicaid managed care program.

PMID- 9951184
TI  - Public-private partnerships: working at the local level to increase the quality
      and number of medical homes for Medicaid children.
AB  - We have described a process in which one state's public health leaders provided a
      large degree of flexibility at the community level to improve pediatric health
      care access for children in need. This "room-to-wiggle" allowed program providers
      to tailor their programs to the specific needs of their communities while
      remaining faithful to the statewide goals. Among the most promising outcomes of
      the coordinated efforts to forge public-private partnerships is the continuation
      of the relationships that developed in the process and the further collaborations
      they have spawned.

PMID- 9951186
TI  - Medicare update.

PMID- 9951185
TI  - South Carolina physician-naturalists, 1835-1895.

PMID- 9951187
TI  - Medicaid update.

PMID- 9951188
TI  - Jim Knight and the moral nature of medicine.

PMID- 9951189
TI  - Prolonging pregnancy and preventing premature birth: elusive goals for perinatal
      health care providers.

PMID- 9951190
TI  - Yes, Virginia, there is a right way to write.

PMID- 9951191
TI  - International affairs. Irish nursing for the next millennium.

PMID- 9951192
TI  - Legal and ethical issues. Knowing good and doing good--is there a difference?

PMID- 9951193
TI  - Education. The baccalaureate revolution.

PMID- 9951194
TI  - Inquiry, insights, and history. Leadership and a spirit of service.

PMID- 9951195
TI  - Life on the "Genius" track.

PMID- 9951196
TI  - Curriculum trends in nurse practitioner programs: current and ideal.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to ascertain the extent to which nurse practitioner
      (NP) education programs are addressing curriculum topics related to practice
      competencies needed for the next century as recommended by the Pew Health
      Professions Commission and other professional organizations, including the
      American Association of Colleges of Nursing and the National Organization of
      Nurse Practitioner Faculties. The study was part of a comprehensive survey of 11
      health professions education programs. NP program directors indicated greatest
      dissatisfaction with curriculum coverage of "use of electronic information
      systems" and "business management of practice." The three most important
      curriculum topics identified by respondents were "primary care," "health
      promotion/disease prevention," and "effective patient-provider
      relationships/communication," identical to the three topics rated most important
      by all groups combined. The most significant barriers to change identified by the
      respondents included "an already crowded curriculum" and "limited availability of
      clinical learning sites." Findings show that NP program directors perceive that
      they are doing an effective job addressing most of the 33 curriculum topics, but
      they also recognize a need to continue to improve their curricula in response to
      the ever-changing health care environment. Barriers to achieving the desired
      curricular improvements, however, may be significant. Recommendations for
      overcoming these barriers to change are offered.

PMID- 9951197
TI  - Transforming academic nursing: from balance through integration to coherence.
AB  - Academic institutions continue to be challenged to enhance their productivity in
      the face of diminishing resources. Escalating demands on full-time faculty must
      come from a fundamental transformation in the focus and, hence, design of that
      work. This article presents a model of a mission transformed from the current
      representation of the tripartite activities involved with teaching, research, and
      service to a new representation of the inherent holism of that work. This
      transformation moves the academy's mission to a single, integrative focus on
      knowledge work. When the essence of the academy's unique mission is expressed as
      knowledge work, the unity of knowledge development, dissemination, and
      application can be actualized in the work lives of a community of scholars. A
      fuller realization of the inherently holistic nature of this knowledge work is
      seen as a transformation to coherence at the levels of university, unit, and
      scholar. Coherence within the academic lives of individuals, the collective
      community of scholars, and the broader organization is the essential feature for
      the long-term success of the institution and the career of a scholar.

PMID- 9951198
TI  - Substruction: illustrating the connections from research question to analysis.
AB  - This article examines the process of theoretical substruction as a heuristic
      device to assist graduate students and beginning investigators identify the
      conceptualization and operationalization phases of research proposals. As a
      thinking process, substruction enables investigators to delineate the
      foundational elements of studies. Creating the figure during substruction helps
      researchers increase their knowledge of the theoretical, empirical, or
      descriptive links between the conceptual and operational components of a study.
      Consequently, the researcher ascertains the fundamental pattern of the study. A
      qualitative and a quantitative example of substructed studies are included.

PMID- 9951199
TI  - An interdisciplinary community-based educational model.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to describe an innovative partnership among
      academic, community, and service to better meet the health care needs of
      underserved populations. The Center for Community Health Education, Research, and
      Service--a coalition of Boston education institutions, health services providers,
      and community agencies--was formed with a grant from the W. K. Kellogg
      Foundation. The initial goal was to establish academic community health centers
      comparable to the large teaching hospitals that combine service, education, and
      research as the corner-stone of their mission. With faculty based in the
      neighborhood health centers, students have learning opportunities to assess, plan
      care, and treat individuals and families using a community-based primary care
      model. The nature of the partnership, including the structure and process of
      implementation, is described. The developmental socialization of advanced
      practice nursing students in a community based-setting is discussed. Educational
      and service outcomes are identified.

PMID- 9951200
TI  - Personnel resource distribution for nursing programs in Carnegie-classified
      Research I and II and Doctoral I institutions.
AB  - Increasingly, nursing education programs, like other major institutions in the
      United States, are being charged to "do more with less." How to acquire
      sufficient human and material resources is a continuing challenge in an era of
      economic constraint. Benchmark data on the distribution of personnel resources
      within nursing programs is nearly nonexistent. To assess the personnel resources
      of nursing programs of major size and stature within the United States, a
      Personnel Resource Survey was mailed to the universe of all nursing programs
      located in Carnegie-designated Doctoral I, Research II, and Research I
      universities and/or colleges in the United States (n = 96). The return rate was
      58 per cent, with a useable survey rate of 51 per cent (n = 49). Comparative
      numbers and ratios of administrators, faculty, students, and various levels and
      types of support staff by Carnegie-type institutions are presented. Findings
      indicate that, overall, nursing programs in Research I universities had 1.5 to 2
      times as many personnel resources per student than programs in Doctoral I and
      Research II institutions. Doctoral I and Research II programs closely resembled
      each other. The details of the data, as well as its standardization into full
      time equivalents, are useful to both university and nursing administrators,
      faculty, and staff in their comparisons and procurement of needed resources.

PMID- 9951201
TI  - Nursing students respond to a computer assignment.
AB  - Computer-generated information is becoming increasingly important in nursing.
      Nursing schools are faced with the need to ensure that students have basic
      informatics skills and rudimentary computer literacy. This article describes the
      introduction of an assignment using electronic communication skills within a
      teaching-learning course in a baccalaureate program. The assignment was designed
      to introduce the students to several tasks that would be useful to them in their
      studies as well as in their care of clients. Students learned to send electronic
      mail, post to a class list, use search engines, access libraries, and critique
      web pages. They developed increased confidence and skill, advancing from informed
      user to proficient user status as identified by Ronald & Skiba. The students'
      appraisal of the assignment in terms of value to their nursing education and
      their nursing careers indicated that they recognized the value of these skills
      for their professional nursing lives. Activities were monitored for content and
      technical glitches. Lessons learned are highlighted, and "Inbox overload" is
      identified. The authors found that nursing curricula can be designed to meet the
      challenge of fostering computer literacy. The assignment could be easily adapted
      for continuing education or other professional education endeavors.

PMID- 9951202
TI  - Review of anorexia and bulimia.

PMID- 9951203
TI  - Medication-induced hypomania in Asperger's disorder.

PMID- 9951204
TI  - Paroxetine in autism.

PMID- 9951205
TI  - Cyproheptadine and SSRIs.

PMID- 9951206
TI  - Carbamazepine and methylphenidate in ADHD.

PMID- 9951207
TI  - OCD symptoms in a young child.

PMID- 9951208
TI  - Changes in the practice of child and adolescent psychiatry: are our patients
      better served?

PMID- 9951209
TI  - Dimensional scales and diagnostic categories: constructing crosswalks for child
      psychopathology assessments.

PMID- 9951210
TI  - Adolescent outcomes of childhood disorders: the consequences of severity and
      impairment.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine the adolescent consequences of clinical and threshold-level
      psychiatric disorders, with and without significant functional impairment; to
      predict serious emotional disturbance (SED: clinical-level diagnosis with
      impairment); and to examine sex differences in the consequences of emotional and
      behavioral disorders. METHOD: 300 children aged 7 through 11 years were recruited
      from urban and suburban offices of a large health maintenance organization (HMO).
      Child and parent were interviewed at home using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule
      for Children (DISC), version 1.3. Five to 7 years later, 278 (93%) of the sample
      were reinterviewed using the DISC-2.1. RESULTS: There was considerable continuity
      of psychopathology, particularly in children with functional impairment.
      Behavioral disorders at every level of severity predicted adolescent SED in both
      sexes. For emotional disorders, girls but not boys with childhood SED had
      significantly higher levels of adolescent SED. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood disorders
      falling below the level of severity required to meet criteria for treatment set
      by many HMOs or insurance companies nevertheless can carry a significantly
      increased risk for severe pathology years later. Functional impairment played an
      important role in the adolescent consequences of childhood psychiatric disorder.

PMID- 9951211
TI  - Impaired but undiagnosed.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and outcomes of individuals with
      psychosocial impairment not meeting DSM-III-R criteria for any of 29 well-defined
      disorders and to suggest operational definitions for not otherwise specified
      (NOS) diagnoses and V codes. METHODS: Two-stage general population sampling
      resulted in 1,015 youths aged 9, 11, and 13 years being interviewed in the first
      wave of the Great Smoky Mountains Study. They were reinterviewed 1 year later
      using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment. RESULTS: The weighted
      prevalence of sibling relational problems was found to be 1.4%. That of parent
      child relational problems was 3.6% and that of relational problems NOS was 0.6%.
      The overall rate of symptomatic impairment was 9.4%. Across a variety of
      "caseness measures," those with symptomatic impairment proved to be more
      disturbed than those without either a diagnosis or impairment, and as disturbed
      as those with a diagnosis but without impairment. CONCLUSION: Children and
      adolescents who do not meet DSM-III-R criteria for any well-defined disorder but
      who have symptoms associated with psychosocial impairment should be regarded as
      suffering from a psychiatric disorder. It is suggested that researchers adopt
      this definition for the many NOS diagnoses included in the DSM nosology and
      implement it in their research diagnostic algorithms.

PMID- 9951212
TI  - Sherlock Holmes and child psychopathology assessment approaches: the case of the
      false-positive.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the relative value of various methods of assessing
      childhood psychopathology, the authors compared 4 groups of children: those who
      met criteria for one or more DSM diagnoses and scored high on parent symptom
      checklists, those who met psychopathology criteria on either one of these two
      assessment approaches alone, and those who met no psychopathology assessment
      criterion. METHOD: Parents of 201 children completed the Child Behavior Checklist
      (CBCL), after which children and parents were administered the Diagnostic
      Interview Schedule for Children (version 2.1). Children and parents also
      completed other survey measures and symptom report inventories. The 4 groups of
      children were compared against "external validators" to examine the merits of
      "false-positive" and "false-negative" cases. RESULTS: True-positive cases (those
      that met DSM criteria and scored high on the CBCL) differed significantly from
      the true-negative cases on most external validators. "False-positive" and "false
      negative" cases had intermediate levels of most risk factors and external
      validators. "False-positive" cases were not normal per se because they scored
      significantly above the true-negative group on a number of risk factors and
      external validators. A similar but less marked pattern was noted for "false
      negatives." CONCLUSIONS: Findings call into question whether cases with high
      symptom checklist scores despite no formal diagnoses should be considered "false
      positive." Pending the availability of robust markers for mental illness,
      researchers and clinicians must resist the tendency to reify diagnostic
      categories or to engage in arcane debates about the superiority of one assessment
      approach over another.

PMID- 9951213
TI  - Accuracy of parent mental health service reporting: results from a reverse record
      check study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine the feasibility of conducting a reverse record-check study
      to validate parent reporting on child mental health service use and to examine
      the accuracy of parent reports of child mental health services. METHOD:
      Information about child service use was abstracted from medical records and
      subsequently compared with reports provided by caregivers in telephone
      interviews. A sample of children using outpatient psychiatric services was
      compared with a sample of children using outpatient orthopaedic services. Rates
      and correlates of successful caregiver tracking and of service use reporting
      accuracy were explored. RESULTS: Caregivers of nearly 30% of all index children
      were contacted and interviewed. Parent reports of lifetime mental health service
      use were more accurate than reports of lifetime receipt of orthopaedic services.
      Elapsed time between survey interview and last treatment episode was negatively
      associated with reporting accuracy. Number of clinic visits was positively
      associated with reporting accuracy. Preliminary findings suggested that questions
      about mental health services may be considered sensitive by parents whose
      children use them. CONCLUSIONS: Reverse record-check studies based on telephone
      interviews are potentially problematic with a sample drawn from a large, inner
      city medical center. Findings suggest that memory difficulties may be a more
      important correlate of reporting accuracy than response editing (social
      desirability). Potential discomfort with disclosure of mental health service use
      does not result in service use underreporting.

PMID- 9951214
TI  - DSM-IV and ICD-10: a comparison of the correlates of ADHD and hyperkinetic
      disorder.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine directly the extent to which ICD-10 hyperkinetic disorder
      and DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) identify the same
      children with the same difficulties. METHOD: Participants were children referred
      for symptoms of overactivity, inattention, and impulsivity, and a normal control
      group. Diagnostic criteria for ICD-10 hyperkinetic disorder and DSM-IV ADHD were
      applied retrospectively. Four groups were identified: hyperkinetic disorder and
      ADHD (n = 21), ADHD only (n = 22), clinic control (n = 15), and normal control (n
      = 19). The groups were compared on measures reflecting the central
      characteristics of ADHD, neurodevelopmental functioning, academic and cognitive
      functioning, and the presence of conduct problems. RESULTS: There is some
      evidence of increased symptom severity in the combined diagnostic group. Few
      differences emerged on measures of neurodevelopmental, academic, and cognitive
      functioning. Rates of conduct disturbance were similar in both ADHD groups.
      CONCLUSIONS: DSM-IV criteria identify a broader group of children than those
      identified by ICD-10. However, there is substantial overlap between the groups
      formed with these different criteria.

PMID- 9951215
TI  - ADHD boys in young adulthood: psychosocial adjustment.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To prospectively examine psychosocial functioning in young adulthood
      in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD: This 10
      year prospective study compared psychosocial functioning in 18 young adult men in
      whom ADHD had been diagnosed in childhood and 18 male controls who had never been
      psychiatrically ill. Subjects' average age was 21 years at follow-up. Interviews
      assessed subjects' educational, occupational, residential, and marital status;
      utilization of mental health services; and psychological status. RESULTS: Young
      adults with ADHD were significantly more likely than controls to be using mental
      health services, to report psychological problems, and to have fathered children.
      In addition, a trend indicated that young men with ADHD were more likely to have
      dropped out of high school but subsequently attained a graduate equivalency
      diploma. There was also a trend for young adults with ADHD to report a greater
      history of trouble with the law; however, the groups did not differ on current
      legal problems. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these young adults with ADHD appear to have
      overcome educational and legal difficulties experienced during high school.
      However, continued problems in psychological functioning appear to persist into
      young adulthood.

PMID- 9951216
TI  - Association between hyperactivity and executive cognitive functioning in
      childhood and substance use in early adolescence.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine whether deficient executive cognitive functioning (ECF)
      in association with high behavioral activity level comprise components of the
      liability to substance abuse. METHOD: A high-risk (HR) group having fathers with
      a lifetime DSM-III-R diagnosis of a psychoactive substance use disorder was
      compared with a low-average-risk (LAR) group whose fathers had neither
      psychoactive substance use disorder nor another adult Axis I psychiatric
      disorder. ECF and behavioral activity were measured using neuropsychological
      tests, activity monitor, diagnostic interview, and informant ratings when the
      subjects were 10 to 12 years of age. Alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use were
      measured at 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: At baseline, the HR group had a
      significantly higher behavioral activity level and exhibited poorer performance
      on ECF tests than the LAR group. By early adolescence, HR subjects had a higher
      lifetime rate of tobacco and cannabis use and earlier age at onset of cannabis
      use. ECF capacity, but not behavioral activity level, predicted tobacco and
      cannabis use, total number of drugs ever tried, and severity of drug involvement.
      ECF accounted for additional variance beyond the effects of conduct problems on
      these outcomes. CONCLUSION: Whereas behavioral activity and ECF capacity in late
      childhood distinguishes HR from LAR youth, childhood ECF capacity is the more
      salient predictor of drug use in early adolescence.

PMID- 9951217
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of desipramine in children and adults during exercise
      testing.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: In light of recent reports of sudden death in children being treated
      with desipramine (DMI), 3 of which were associated with physical exercise, the
      authors examined the effects of DMI on exercise in children and adults before and
      during DMI treatment. METHOD: Before treatment, 22 subjects (9 children, 13
      adults) participated in a graded treadmill exercise test. Outcome measures
      included exercise tolerance, cardiovascular, and electrocardiographic parameters
      at progressive intensity levels and serum norepinephrine (NE) levels before and
      after exercise testing. Subjects were then treated with DMI, titrated to an
      average DMI dosage of 3 mg/kg, and underwent repeated exercise testing. RESULTS:
      DMI treatment was associated with a significant elevation of circulating NE
      levels in the pre-exercise assessment. Exercise tolerance was not affected by
      DMI, and blood pressure and heart rate effects were modest. The cardiovascular
      impact of DMI treatment was similar in children and adults. One 31-year-old
      subject exhibited a brief episode of ventricular tachycardia associated with
      exercise during DMI treatment. CONCLUSIONS: DMI has only minor effects on the
      cardiovascular response to exercise, and these effects do not appear age-related.
      However, DMI may increase the risk of exercise-associated arrhythmias in rare
      individuals.

PMID- 9951218
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in children and adolescents.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a serious iatrogenic
      condition. This report reviews the world literature to characterize the syndrome
      and evaluate factors that promote early detection and effective intervention.
      METHOD: The review identified 77 NMS cases (49 males, 27 females, 1 gender
      unknown); ages ranged from 0.9 to 18 years (mean 14.8 +/- 3.96). Univariate and
      multiple regression analyses were applied to 38 variables to identify early signs
      of the disorder, to identify correlates of outcome, and to evaluate treatments.
      RESULTS: The duration of NMS spanned from 1 to 119 days. Nine percent of patients
      died and 20% resolved with serious sequelae. Patients receiving low-potency
      neuroleptics had a poorer outcome (p = .01). Fever was related to longer duration
      of illness (p = .03). Anticholinergics and bromocriptine were effective and
      without fatalities, but dantrolene was not useful in this sample of children and
      adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection and appropriate interventions appear
      important in moderating the course and outcome of NMS.

PMID- 9951219
TI  - Functional magnetic resonance imaging of facial affect recognition in children
      and adolescents.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine further the role of the amygdala in the recognition of
      facial expression in adolescents. METHOD: Twelve healthy adolescents were studied
      using functional magnetic resonance imaging technology during a task of facial
      affect recognition and a visual control task. RESULTS: All subjects demonstrated
      a significant increase in signal intensity in the amygdala for the facial
      expression recognition task. CONCLUSIONS: The data are consistent with previous
      work in healthy adult subjects implicating the amygdala as essential for the
      recognition of fearful facial expression.

PMID- 9951220
TI  - Applicability of personality disorder criteria to hospitalized adolescents:
      evaluation of internal consistency and criterion overlap.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the applicability of personality disorder
      criteria to adolescent inpatients by evaluating internal consistency and
      criterion overlap. METHOD: Thirty-eight adolescents and 28 adults were assessed
      with the Personality Disorder Examination. Within-category cohesiveness (internal
      consistency) of the criteria was evaluated by examining intercriterion
      correlations as well as coefficient alpha. In addition, between-category
      criterion overlap was evaluated by examining "intercategory" intercriterion
      correlations between all pairs of disorders. Separate analyses were conducted for
      adolescents and adults, and the groups were compared. RESULTS: Internal
      consistency appeared to be lower in adolescents, as measured by intercriterion
      correlation and coefficient alpha, with the largest differences being identified
      for most cluster B disorders. Intercategory analysis indicated that criterion
      overlap may be greater among adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this psychometric
      analysis suggests that there may be limitations to the DSMs approach to
      categorizing personality disorders. For both adolescents and adults, modest
      degrees of within-category cohesiveness (internal consistency) and between
      category criterion overlap were observed. Comparatively, personality disorder
      criteria in adolescents tended to have lower internal consistency and less
      discriminant validity. The data raise questions about the construct validity of
      these disorders--or the applicability of these criteria--within this age group.

PMID- 9951221
TI  - Psychological risk factors for borderline pathology in school-age children.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine whether children with borderline pathology have a
      specific pattern of psychological risk factors. METHOD: The subjects were 94
      school-age children in day treatment, divided into borderline (n = 41) and
      nonborderline (n = 53) groups using the child version of the Retrospective
      Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines. All children were assessed using the Child
      Behavior Checklist, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for
      School-Age Children, and the Psychosocial Questionnaire. Parental pathology was
      assessed by a computerized version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM
      III-R. RESULTS: Children with borderline pathology had higher rates of physical
      abuse, sexual abuse, severe neglect, as well as family breakdown and parental
      criminality. In multivariate analyses, the discriminating factors were sexual
      abuse and parental criminality. Borderline pathology was highly comorbid with
      conduct disorder, but most of these results remained significant in reanalyses
      comparing children with and without conduct disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Borderline
      pathology in children has a unique pattern of risk factors not accounted for by
      conduct disorder alone.

PMID- 9951223
TI  - Definition, purposes, and dimensions of research.

PMID- 9951222
TI  - The "achievement by proxy" spectrum: recognition and clinical response to
      pressured and high-achieving children and adolescents.

PMID- 9951224
TI  - Development of the cerebral cortex: XIV. Stress impairs prefrontal cortical
      function.

PMID- 9951225
TI  - [Meta-analysis is a good help for literature review. It makes the analysis of
      earlier studies more efficient and more objective].

PMID- 9951226
TI  - [Monopoly is not the same as non-commercial].

PMID- 9951227
TI  - [Different professional groups must show respect for each other].

PMID- 9951228
TI  - [Is thrombosis prophylaxis necessary in surgical procedures with short length of
      stay?].

PMID- 9951229
TI  - [What is the value of one year of life saved with nicotine preparations? How did
      the SBU calculate?].

PMID- 9951230
TI  - [Both quality and quantity are required for good internship].

PMID- 9951231
TI  - [Intensified insulin treatment is cost-effective].
AB  - Both the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) in USA/Canada, and
      Stockholm Diabetes Intervention Study (SDIS) showed intensified insulin treatment
      and reduced glycaemia to prevent complications in patients with insulin-dependent
      (type I) diabetes mellitus. In the DCCT, the intensified treatment was considered
      cost-effective. In the SDIS, investigation of the direct increase in costs due to
      the intensified insulin treatment showed the saving in direct costs due to the
      reduction in photocoagulation requirements, and in the prevalence of renal
      insufficiency and of amputation, to correspond to 10 years' intensive insulin
      treatment. Thus, as intensified insulin treatment in type I diabetes reduces
      direct suffering at a low cost, it may be regarded as 'evidence-based' and
      mandatory.

PMID- 9951232
TI  - [Treatment of type 2 diabetes. Early detection of secondary oral treatment
      failure is important].
AB  - As type II diabetes is caused by decreased insulin secretion and increased
      insulin resistance, treatment must be aimed at the correction of these
      abnormalities. To this end, oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) are used once
      adverse lifestyle factors have been suitably modified. New OHAs are being
      developed, or have already been approved. Subsequent treatment failure, after an
      initially satisfactory response, occurs in 5-10 per cent of patients on OHAs, and
      is currently treated with a combination of an OHA for daytime use and NPH insulin
      (isophane insulin) for use at bedtime. This yields metabolic control at least as
      good as that obtained with intensive insulin treatment, and at less risk of
      weight gain.

PMID- 9951233
TI  - [Accident prevention has been beneficial. A historical reflection and current
      update].

PMID- 9951234
TI  - [Focus on children! A model for international development cooperation].
AB  - The plight of children in many low-income countries continues to be reminiscent
      of conditions in 19th century Sweden. At the threshold of the 21st century, we
      would urge global cooperation in child health with the aim of realising a broader
      concept of health and development in low-income countries. This would enable the
      reduction of mortality to be accelerated and child health to be improved by
      targeting sick children for specific intervention, combined with preventive and
      health promotion measures.

PMID- 9951235
TI  - [New studies on the cardiac effect of estrogens in women. Hormone replacement as
      secondary prevention is not to be recommended].

PMID- 9951236
TI  - [Animal models give quick answers. Problems appear if the scientific results are
      too early applied to humans].

PMID- 9951238
TI  - [Fine art for the price of severe mental suffering?].

PMID- 9951237
TI  - [Consequences of scientific misconduct and fraud. Is a "scientific research
      committee" required?].

PMID- 9951239
TI  - [Mentally disabled persons are the most inoffensive ones].

PMID- 9951240
TI  - [New discoveries on St John's wort can improve pharmacotherapy in depression].

PMID- 9951241
TI  - [The anatomical atlas on CD is not ethically defensible].

PMID- 9951242
TI  - [Spin and pour off! Homocysteine is non-perishable when handled correctly!].

PMID- 9951243
TI  - [Sildenafil (Viagra) is contraindicated in tapetoretinal degeneration].

PMID- 9951244
TI  - [Palliative medicine. A new research field with specific demands].
AB  - Palliative care is not merely a question of treating symptoms irrespective of
      cause, but is ideally based on proper analysis, treatment and evaluation.
      Education, quality assurance, clinical development and research are needed to
      improve palliative care. Education and research should be focussed on all four
      dimensions--the physical, the emotional, the social, and the existential.
      Research should be designed to address specific issues--for example, how anxiety
      and mood disturbances in (previously healthy) patients in palliative care differ
      from anxiety and depression in a psychiatric setting, in patients with a history
      of psychiatric problems. Efforts need to be made to link significant clinical
      problems and basic science. Not until we understand the underlying mechanisms
      (e.g., the involvement of cytokines in mediating cachexia), will it be possible
      to develop new treatment strategies for problematic symptoms.

PMID- 9951245
TI  - [About being a physician when the patient will die].

PMID- 9951246
TI  - [Poor leadership behind poor pain relief. Medical audit of cancer-related pain
      treatment].
AB  - A clinical audit of the treatment of cancer-related pain, ordered by Stockholm
      County Council and the Karolinska Institute, was performed at two Stockholm
      hospitals. Of 153 consecutive cancer patients interviewed while attending the
      preoperative out-patient clinic of the Dept. of Anaesthesiology at Karolinska
      Hospital, 93 (61%) reported pain varying in intensity from 2.4 to 6.6 on a 10
      point visual analogue scale. The pain was cancer-related in 20 patients,
      treatment-related in 28 patients, and associated with disease in 40 patients
      (e.g., post-herpetic neuralgia, urethritis, decubital ulcer or constipation).
      Nine patients had undetected neuropathic pain components, and 18 patients
      reported both significant pain intensity and dissatisfaction with the treatment.
      The auditors found these patients to have persistent pain problems despite the
      availability of time and opportunity to resolve them. The audit included
      interviews with staff at three hospital departments, who filled in
      questionnaires, and scrutiny of the medical records of about 120 cancer patients,
      5-10 records from each department being selected to illustrate the management of
      pain problems. Findings from the staff questionnaires and interviews were
      compared with the picture of pain management elicited from the patients' records.
      The hospital departments were all found to be characterised by similar problems:
      lack of pain analysis or diagnosis, failure to detect neuropathic pain
      components, and underdosing of opioid analgesics irrespective of pain intensity.
      The auditors' conclusions included a need of pain education, particularly for
      doctors as fewer doctors than nurses had attended pain courses.

PMID- 9951247
TI  - [The diabetic foot. Optimal prevention and treatment can halve the risk of
      amputation].
AB  - Almost half of all lower leg amputations are performed in patients with diabetes.
      In over 70 per cent of these cases, amputation is precipitated by progression of
      foot ulceration to deep gangrenous infection. Most foot ulcers are preceded by
      trauma, usually due to ill-fitting shoes, and are precipitated by sensory motor
      neuropathy with varying degrees of peripheral vascular disease. The Swedish
      Medical Research Council and the Swedish Institute for Health Services
      Development arranged a conference on diabetic foot problems in April 1998, the
      purpose of which was to arrive at a consensus regarding the prevention and
      management of diabetic foot. It was concluded that a satisfactory
      multidisciplinary approach should include regular control of feet and footwear,
      preventive foot care (education, footwear, chiropody), continuous follow-up of
      high-risk feet, and early recognition of revascularisation. Continuous
      registration of amputation, irrespective of type, cause and site, might
      substantially reduce the amputation rate among diabetics. Were such an approach
      to reduce the incidence of diabetes-related amputation by 50 per cent, annual
      costs for the management of diabetic foot in Sweden would be reduce by SEK 400
      million (the value of improved quality of life not taken into consideration).

PMID- 9951248
TI  - [Infections and treatment of chronic leg ulcers: the use of antibiotics is too
      excessive, restrictive prescription is recommended].
AB  - Chronic venous leg ulcers are contaminated or colonised with bacteria that seldom
      affects ulcer healing. Signs of clinical infection appear in only a minority of
      chronic ulcers. In spite of this, data show a high consumption of antibiotics in
      this group of patients. Treatment with antibiotics is indicated only when
      clinical signs of infection or obvious risk factors are present or when
      Streptococcus pyogenes is isolated from the ulcer. In these cases an oral
      antistaphylococcal agent (semisynthetic penicillinase-resistant penicillin or
      first generation oral cephalosporin) is recommended as the first choice.
      Enterococci, anaerobic bacteria and gram-negative bacteria including pseudomonas
      spp. often colonise chronic ulcers, but do not usually cause antibiotic requiring
      infection.

PMID- 9951249
TI  - [Ultrasonic measurement of residual urine is considerate and reliable].
AB  - The measurement of residual urine is often an invaluable aid in the examination
      of patients with prostate enlargement. As a result of the increasing scope of
      pharmacological treatment options in cases of such urinary problems, more such
      investigations are now being performed in primary care. Traditionally, residual
      urine has been measured by catheterisation of the urethra, which is associated
      with a risk of infection and other complications. As experience of ultrasound
      measurement of residual urine in 30 patients at a primary health centre suggests
      it to be a rapid, easily tolerated method unaccompanied by complications, it
      would seem to be an appropriate procedure even for use in the elderly with any of
      a variety of chronic diseases. It was also found easy for various categories of
      staff to learn.

PMID- 9951250
TI  - [Inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. When can the diagnosis
      be excluded without a referral to a pediatric gastroenterologist?].

PMID- 9951251
TI  - [Immune response and inflammation in Crohn disease. More detailed diagnostics and
      more specific drugs are soon to be available].
AB  - The chronic inflammation in Crohn's disease may be caused by aggressive response
      to bacterial antigens normal to the gut. Genetic and environmental factors modify
      the inflammatory response evoked by damage to the mucosal gut barrier. Genetic
      factors may also determine the subsequent course of chronic inflammation. Further
      elucidation of the pathogenesis might improve our understanding of the
      heterogenous nature of Crohn's disease, thus enabling the disease to be subtyped
      and individualised therapy directed primarily at down-regulation of helper T-cell
      1 response to be developed.

PMID- 9951252
TI  - [Current knowledge on muscle training: endurance and strength yield complementary
      effects].
AB  - Both endurance and strength training are generally agreed to be necessary
      components of a balanced fitness programme. These two types of training are
      complementary; strength training improves neuromuscular function, prevents
      injuries, and is a prerequisite for effective endurance training. Whereas
      endurance training results in high energy expenditure during exercise, strength
      training, being associated with increased muscle mass, may result in increased
      energy expenditure at rest. In conjunction with endurance training, the most
      striking finding in skeletal muscle is its remarkable adaptability. Indeed, it is
      usually possible for the muscles to acquire the characteristics necessary to meet
      prevailing functional demands. This is true even if the demand is continuous
      contractile activity, 24 hours a day, week after week. The physiological effects
      of strength training are the result of hypertrophy of individual motor units,
      mostly comprising type II (fast-twitch) fibres, but are also secondary to neural
      changes affecting the recruitment and frequency modulation of motor units and co
      ordination.

PMID- 9951253
TI  - [Return of the goddesses of childbirth--"back to nature with a little
      assistance"].

PMID- 9951254
TI  - [Time orientation is upset in psychiatric disorders].

PMID- 9951255
TI  - [Nature and culture meet in emotional communication].
AB  - According to the modern affect theory, the human being is equipped from birth
      with a number of affect programmes which can be activated both by internal and
      external signals and by the memory. According to theory, facial expressions
      constitute an important component of the affect programme. Research findings
      suggest the human being to be biologically programmed both to send and receive
      communications via facial expressions. Emotional communication seems to occur at
      an unconscious level, and to precede conscious information processing. There is
      scientific evidence that the emotional components of information processing are
      faster and occur in phylogenetically older brain structures. The right hemisphere
      appears to be more closely related than the left hemisphere to the autonomic
      nervous system, and thus more intimately linked with the physiological and
      automatic components of the emotions. Modern psychodynamic theory, in which
      emotion and unconscious processes are seen as human driving forces, derives
      scientific support from emotion research based both upon experimental psychology
      and neuroscience.

PMID- 9951256
TI  - ["Murphy's button" became salvation for the nurse's assitant miss Johanna].

PMID- 9951257
TI  - Medicaid reimbursement and timeliness of payment.

PMID- 9951258
TI  - Making Medicaid viable for the 21st century.

PMID- 9951259
TI  - HMO insolvencies: physicians left holding the bag.

PMID- 9951261
TI  - Year 2000 computer compliance. How will this affect you, doctor?

PMID- 9951260
TI  - Charles Gehrke, MD. Helping healers heal themselves.

PMID- 9951262
TI  - The business of medicine: physicians head back to school.

PMID- 9951263
TI  - Physicians bring GI diagnosis, procedures to rural Mexico. Doctors Veldman and
      Wiedemer on a medical mission.

PMID- 9951265
TI  - Could the sky be falling?

PMID- 9951264
TI  - Triggers for advance directives. Part Two.

PMID- 9951266
TI  - [Accidental esophageal intubation].

PMID- 9951267
TI  - [Presence of epithelial cells in the medullary canal after spinal anesthesia].
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIM: Several authors have focused on a causal link between the
      onset of neurological complications after lumbar injections and the fact that
      epithelial cells may be drawn into the vertebral canal during these procedures.
      Complications may arise both early (cephalea, septic and aseptic meningitis) and
      late (epidermoid tumours). The authors aimed to evaluate whether skin fragments
      which are carried down by the needle during subarachnoid anesthesia may even be
      present in the epidural or subarachnoid space three days later and may therefore
      justify the onset of the above neurological syndromes. METHODS: Five adult cats
      under narcosis underwent subarachnoid anesthesia using disposable 22G Quincke
      type needles. Between 0.7 and 1 ml isobaric bupivacaine at 0.50% was injected.
      The presence of the motor block of the lower limbs was ascertained once the
      effects of general anesthesia wore off. On the third day, again under general
      anesthesia, cardio-respiratory arrest was provoked by intravenous injection.
      Samples of meninges were collected in the injection area. After fixation in a
      phosphate glutaraldehyde buffer, dehydration in acetone, dehydration by critical
      point and gold metalisation, the samples were examined using SEM. RESULTS: No
      epidermal cells were found on the surface of the meninges. On the other hand, a
      squamous epithelial cell was observed which drained inside a sectioned epidural
      vessel towards the systemic circulation. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the
      possibility that, after subarachnoid anesthesia using 22G Quincke needles, skin
      fragments may enter the spinal canal. The permanence or otherwise of the
      epithelial fragments on the third day depends on the size of the fragment drawn
      down and the efficacy of the drainage system which removes isolated epithelial
      cells. This phenomenon may justify the self-limiting character of cephalea and
      meningisms which, even if not treated, regress in a few days, as well as the
      scarce development of epidermoid tumours.

PMID- 9951268
TI  - [Premedication with intranasal midazolam in children of various ages].
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of premedication with midazolam
      (mdz) administered using a nasal route compared to diazepam (dz) administered by
      mouth in children of different ages. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A comparative type
      study was performed in randomly selected pediatric patients undergoing surgery.
      The study lasted 3 months. SETTING: Recovery room and operating theatre for
      Pediatric Surgery and ENT. PATIENTS: A total of 248 patients were studied,
      divided into 3 age groups: group A were aged under 2 years; group B were pre
      school age and group C were school-age. OPERATIONS: Two subgroups were formed
      based on the premedication used: group M = 0.2 mg/kg of mdz using a nasal route
      on arrival in the operating unit; group D = 0.2 mg/kg of dz per os 45' before
      induction. PARAMETERS STUDIED: In addition to acceptance of treatment, which was
      deemed to be good, poor or refused, the authors evaluated the level of sedation
      (score from 5 to 1: awake-asleep), anxiety on entering SO (score from 1 to 4:
      none-excessive) and the level of collaboration during the induction of general
      anesthesia (score 1-4: excellent-nil). RESULTS: The nasal route was well accepted
      by 59% of patients in group A, 62% of group B and 97% of group C. Statistical
      analysis using Kruskall Wallis test showed significant differences in groups A
      and B between the two subgroups M and D for all the parameters studied, whereas
      there were no significant differences in group C. CONCLUSIONS: Premedication with
      mdz using a nasal route was safe and efficacious, above all in early and later
      infancy.

PMID- 9951269
TI  - [Ciaglia's percutaneous dilatative tracheostomy in intensive care. Perioperative
      complications and long-term results].
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIM: The introduction of percutaneous tracheostomic techniques
      using dilatation (PDT) has led to the gradual disuse of conventional methods of
      surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate ventilatory function in critical
      patients during the execution of PDT using Ciaglia's method as well as, in the
      postoperative phase, the long-term results, namely endotracheal lesions and
      cosmetic deformities of the stoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A prospective study was
      carried out on a consecutive series of adult patients. SETTING: The intensive
      care ward of a 600-bed teaching hospital. PATIENTS: A group of 50 critical
      patients undergoing PDT from 1993 to 1996. Valuations of ventilatory function:
      expiratory volume (EV), PaO2 and PaCO2, were calculated in 40 patients undergoing
      PDT. Endoscopic controls of the trachea were performed in 21 surviving patients
      60 days after the removal of the tracheostomic tube and a cosmetic evaluation of
      the tube insertion site was also made in the same patients. RESULTS: During PDT a
      mean reduction of EV was observed of 1.41/min and PaO2 values also diminished 15%
      accompanied by a 14.2% increase in PaCO2. The endoscopic control performed after
      60 days in 21 out of 50 patients revealed a subglottal stenosis in 1 patient, the
      presence of nonstenosing cicatricial granuloma in 2 patients, edema in 2 patients
      and dysepithelisation of the tracheal mucosa in a further 2 patients. The
      remaining 66% showed flattening of the mucosa and complete restitutium ad
      integrum. No usurpations and cicatricial tractions of the tube insertion site
      were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study of intraoperative ventilatory
      function and the final outcome of PDT according to Ciaglia confirms that this is
      a reliable technique for the ventilatory management of critical patients with a
      low percentage of long-term complications.

PMID- 9951270
TI  - [Factors determining the successful weaning of patients with "difficult
      weaning"].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Weaning from mechanical ventilation is often possible in the most of
      patients, even if sometimes it is very difficult. For example, 25-53% of COPD
      patients cannot be weaned. The different modalities used do not justify this. The
      aim of the study was the evaluation of a further weaning trial in tracheotomized
      patients who underwent mechanical ventilation for at least 15 days in several ICU
      and in whom several attempts of weaning failed. DESIGN: A retrospective study
      (January 1993-February 1995). SETTING: Intermediate Intensive Respiratory Care
      Unit of Centro Medico Di Montescano. PATIENTS: Thirty-nine patients (29 male; 26
      COPD, 3 post-surgery respiratory failure, 5 restrictive diseases, 4 with
      cardiovascular failure and 1 neurological disease) who had been tracheotomized
      and undergoing mechanical ventilation from at least 15 days. An initial
      evaluation in which respiratory mechanics and echocardiography were performed was
      made and then they underwent further weaning trials based on progressive decrease
      of the level of pressure support and periodic disconnection from MV and on
      medical therapy and strong physiokinesitherapy. RESULTS: Twenty-six out of 39
      patients (66%) could reach definitive weaning (COPD 65%, post-surgery respiratory
      failure 66%, restrictive 60%, cardiovascular failure 100%, neurological disease
      0%) after 17 days of average time of ventilation (range from 4 to 90). Among the
      important factors in determining a difficult or impossible weaning there are: a)
      previous wrong ventilation settings 8/26; b) cardiovascular problems 7/26; c)
      alterations in respiratory mechanics 2/26; d) previous excessive sedation 2/26;
      e) uncorrect timing of disconnection 2/26; f) poor physiokinesitherapy 2/26; g)
      unknown causes 3/26. Also the ICU from which the patients has been transferred
      plays an important role. CONCLUSIONS: The conclusion is drawn weaning from
      mechanical ventilation can be reached also in a part of those patients who are
      thought not weanable with a further, prolonged and expensive weaning trial.

PMID- 9951271
TI  - [Anesthesiologic incidents from esophageal intubation. Presentation of three
      cases and medico-legal evaluation].
AB  - Undiagnosed esophageal intubation is still prominently in anesthesia-related
      morbidity and mortality. Three cases of undiagnosed esophageal intubation taken
      into consideration for possible anesthesiologic malpractice are presented. A
      review of the international anesthetic-related morbidity and mortality statistics
      indicates that this misadventure remains a problem even among anesthesia
      personnel, a medical population specifically trained in such a procedure. It is
      not only the frequency of this misadventure but the potential catastrophic
      consequences for the patient that underline the importance of being able to
      recognise and correct an esophageal intubation. The reliability of commonly
      prescribed methods of assessing tracheal tube position is reviewed and the
      conclusion is drawn that continuous end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement during
      anesthesia is perhaps the most reliable means under all circumstances for
      determining proper tube position and should be employed routinely whenever
      possible.

PMID- 9951273
TI  - [Anesthesia with propofol and atracurium in a case of porphyria cutanea tarda].
AB  - The conduction of anaesthesia in a patient with a diagnosis of porphyria cutanea
      tarda is described. The aim of this paper is to provide further evidence for
      safety of TIVA (Total Intra Venous Anaesthesia) paying particular attention to
      propofol and atracurium (there are not sufficient data about it in the
      literature) in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda and high levels of
      uroporphyrin. The study of the anaesthetic management of a patient suffering from
      Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT), the most common form of porphyria, can offer
      useful indications. Due to the fact that PCT is less severe than the acute forms,
      there is less risk for the patient under anaesthesia. In this particular case
      preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative urinary porphyrin are compared and
      furthermore, the liver function and the eventual development of skin lesions are
      monitored. A not significant increase of urinary porphyrin levels after surgery,
      no skin lesions and no modifications of liver function have been observed. TIVA
      proved to be safe in this case of PCT.

PMID- 9951272
TI  - [Therapeutic objectives and strategies in NBIA 1 (Hallovorden-Spatz syndrome)].
AB  - A 10 years old male patient, DG, was admitted in the ICU because of continuous
      uncontrolled movements due to a neurologycal degenerative disease (Hallervorden
      Spatz syndrome) able to determine reduction of spontaneous breathing efficacy. At
      admission he presented acute ventilatory failure, because of a Staphylococcus
      aureus broncopneumonia, so he had a tracheal tube and mechanical ventilation
      (pressure support). During hospitalization (4 months in ICU and 2 months in
      Pediatric Department) DG received tracheotomy and percutaneous gastrostomy, to
      obtain adequate spontaneous ventilation and artificial enteral nutrition; a
      satisfactory pharmacological control of choreo-athetosic movements, with not
      great interference with original sleep-awake cycle, was obtained. Actually DG is
      living in his family (9 months follow-up); he has tracheotomy and percutaneous
      gastrostomy; he can relate with the environment; in a few months, he'll go to
      school again. He need 30 daily administrations of 8 different drugs; family,
      supported by an integrated multidisciplinary equipe, takes care of him. The role
      of Intensivist is essential not only in the management of acute phases in chronic
      diseases, but also in the longterm management of a homely care.

PMID- 9951274
TI  - Employee/patient confidences.

PMID- 9951275
TI  - Alan N. Queen is Bernard P. Tillis award winner. Why I became a dentist.

PMID- 9951276
TI  - Complaint resolution process delivers.

PMID- 9951277
TI  - Rhinitis mimicking odontalgia: a case report.

PMID- 9951278
TI  - Science, technology and health literacy for the 21st century. A future for
      dentistry. Percy T. Phillips Memorial Lecture.

PMID- 9951279
TI  - Orthognathic surgery: the state of the art.

PMID- 9951280
TI  - Prostate cancer in African-American men.

PMID- 9951281
TI  - Caring for patients with sickle cell disease in North Carolina.

PMID- 9951282
TI  - Underrepresentation of African-American male medical students. Nature or lack of
      nurture?

PMID- 9951283
TI  - Saving Sergeant Buske. An account of remarkable valor and amazing survival from
      the records of the 65th General Hospital, a Duke University Army Reserve Unit of
      World War II.

PMID- 9951284
TI  - Rural Eastern Carolina Health (REACH). A model community health improvement
      program.

PMID- 9951285
TI  - A survey of beliefs about managed care.

PMID- 9951286
TI  - Thoughtful death in 1999.

PMID- 9951287
TI  - Protecting the fetus from in-utero cocaine exposure.

PMID- 9951288
TI  - The problem of urinary incontinence in the elderly.

PMID- 9951289
TI  - Will we be able to repair osteoarthritic joints? New drugs and surgical
      techniques for cartilage problems.

PMID- 9951290
TI  - The pus is moving. A case of cutaneous myiasis.

PMID- 9951291
TI  - [Interhemispheric asymmetry in the anterior and posterior sections of in the
      normal human brain and in unilateral cortical damage].
AB  - The study of interhemispheric bioelectrical asymmetry (IBA) of the brain as a
      result of pair activity of the hemispheres has shown that in normal subjects IBA
      was greater in the frontal lobes than in the occipital ones. In patients with
      injured right hemisphere the asymmetry increased in the occipital lobes. In
      patients with injured left hemisphere the asymmetry diminished in the frontal
      lobes.

PMID- 9951293
TI  - [The action of sex hormones on conditioned reflex and behavioral reactions].
AB  - The effects of lack of gonadal hormones on the learning ability, retention of
      memory traces and behavior under conditions of hormonal unbalance produced by
      extirpation of the endocrine glands in male and female rats were compared. The
      behavior of the animals was evaluated in active and passive avoidance, and in
      open field tests. There were differences between male and female rats in
      formation of active and passive avoidance reactions. Results of the experiments
      demonstrate that castration of the male rats resulted in impairment of long-term
      memory and modified behavior; castration of female rats considerably impaired
      formation and retention of active and passive avoidance reactions but had no
      effect on behavior of female rats.

PMID- 9951292
TI  - [The dynamics of aminotransferase activity in the blood plasma as a reflection of
      the characteristics of the pathological process in patients with craniocerebral
      trauma].
AB  - The activity of alanin-aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate-aminotransferase
      (AST) was measured in blood plasma of 103 patients with brain trauma. Sex-related
      differences were found. One day after the trauma ALT and AST activity rose
      significantly both in men and women with brain concussion, in males with mild and
      moderate brain contusion. In severe brain contusion the enzymes activity did not
      change. Eight days after the trauma AST activity significantly lowered in
      patients with brain concussion. No changes in aminotransferases activity one day
      after severe brain contusion evidence for biochemical maladaptation.

PMID- 9951294
TI  - [The similarity and differences in the circadian fluctuations in the central
      nervous system reaction of animals to acute gamma radiation and alcohol
      exposures].
AB  - 24-h fluctuations in the response of CNS (occurrence of the complex of
      neurological disorders) were studied in white rat males which were exposed to
      gamma radiation (Co-50, 62.5 Gy, craniocaudally) or injected alcohol (2.25 g/kg,
      15% solution, i.p.). After alcohol administration, the above fluctuations were at
      first almost similar to those in response to the radiation. Later, the curve of
      the CNS sensitivity to alcohol was leveling, rhythm phases shifted without the
      rhythm inversion. Neurological symptoms induced by alcohol and radiation were
      very much alike suggesting the existence of common mechanisms of nonspecific
      regulation evident early after exposure to these two factors.

PMID- 9951295
TI  - [The immunomodulating action of intermittent fasting under temperature, toxic and
      food loads].
AB  - Immune response to intermittent fasting was studied in rats. The immunomodulating
      effect was registered. To a certain degree, this may be due to fasting-induced
      reduction in blood levels of antiproteolytic proteins and lipid peroxidation
      products which have immunosuppressive activity.

PMID- 9951296
TI  - [Reducing diet therapy in the correction of the immune disorders in patients with
      primary osteoarthrosis].
AB  - Effects of 14-21-day courses of reducing diet on function of T- and B-system
      immunity were studied in 35 patients with primary osteoarthrosis, while effects
      of food deprivation on nonspecific effector system of immune defense and local
      immune reactions were studied in experiment on R. Altman arthrosis model. It was
      proved that due to the above fasting the articular syndrome by clinical and
      laboratory criteria was much relieved. This positive effect is explained by
      modulating action of diet therapy on T- and B-immunity in combination with
      stimulation of activity of nonspecific effector system of immune defense. The
      dependence of the above changes on the treatment period are determined.

PMID- 9951297
TI  - [The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the urea content of the saliva in acute
      and chronic soft-tissue inflammation in the maxillofacial area].
AB  - Urea levels were measured in the saliva of 30 patients with acute and chronic
      maxillofacial inflammation treated with multiple modalities including hyperbaric
      oxygenation (HBO). Urea concentrations were evaluated before, in the course of
      and after HBO session. A total of four 40-min sessions were made (1 session a
      day, 1.5 atm). Elevated concentrations of urea after HBO are thought adaptive,
      serving for elimination of ammonia overproduction in hyperoxia. Urea measurements
      in the saliva can be used for prediction of oxygen intoxication in the HBO
      exposed patients.

PMID- 9951299
TI  - [Antioxidant enzyme activity in the erythrocytes of rats with alloxan diabetes].
AB  - The authors studied changes in chemiluminescence and activity of three
      antioxidant enzymes in peripheral blood red cells in experimental diabetes
      mellitus induced in rats by alloxan injection. Intensification of red cell
      chemiluminescence reflected enhanced lipid peroxidation. High activity of
      catalase and superoxide dismutase activity was compensatory. A two-fold fall in
      glutathione reductase activity from the 7th day after alloxan injection
      demonstrates a decline in antioxidant defense in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 9951298
TI  - [Microwave resonance therapy in primary osteoarthrosis: the pathogenetic
      validation of its clinical use].
AB  - Mechanism of action and clinical efficacy of microwave resonance therapy (MRT)
      was studied in 114 patients with primary osteoarthrosis. It was found that
      clinical benefit of MRT in primary osteoarthrosis is due to combined positive
      effect on nonspecific immune reactivity, endogenic intoxication, lipid
      peroxidation, activity of antioxidant defense system, local immune reactions.

PMID- 9951300
TI  - [Changes in the fractional collagen composition of the kidneys in rats under
      immobilization stress and alloxan diabetes].
AB  - Content of free hydroxyproline, total collagen and neutral salt-soluble, citrate
      soluble, nonsoluble fractions of collagen and also collagenolytic activity on
      combined immobilization stress days 3, 10, 15 and 30 in alloxan diabetes were
      studied in homogenates of the cortical zone of rats' kidneys. Changes in the
      fractional collagen composition were found phasic. The additional stress load on
      its days 1-10 attenuates but in the following days aggravates the catabolic
      action of alloxan diabetes on collagen metabolism in the kidneys.

PMID- 9951301
TI  - [The healing characteristics of skin wounds in different types of alcohol and
      surrogate intoxication].
AB  - White rat experiments were made to study healing of cutaneous wounds in acute and
      chronic alcohol-substitute intoxications. Physico-morphological, bacterioscopic
      and cytochemical examinations showed that oral introduction of ethanol, methanol
      and their mixture inhibited healing of the wounds due to suppuration.

PMID- 9951302
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation of the bile in patients with calculous and acalculous
      cholecystitis].
AB  - With a new technique for the assessment of lipid peroxidation products in
      chloroform bile extracts it was possible to register an increase in the ratio
      malonic dialdehyde/phospholipids in patients with both calculous and acalculous
      cholecystitis. Bile of all patients with acute cholecystitis was characterized by
      a decrease in concentration of all the components, but use of relative parameters
      (malonic dialdehyde/phospholipids, index of bilirubin fractions and
      cholesterol/lecithin index) allows to verify the stage of the inflammation. The
      changes were unidirectional in B-bile and C-bile portions in all the patients
      with acalculous cholecystitis.

PMID- 9951303
TI  - [The protective action of alpha-tocopherol on kidney function and lipid
      peroxidation in acute hemic hypoxia].
AB  - As shown in experiments on 54 noninbred white male rats, activation of lipid
      peroxidation in renal cortical substance contributes to impairment of renal
      function in acute hemic hypoxia. Administration of alpha-tocopherol promoted
      stimulation of renal protection: reduced the degree of proteinuria, sodium
      excretion, enhanced proximal reabsorption of osmotically active substances and
      sodium, glomerular filtration. This was accompanied with increased activity of
      superoxide dismutase and lowering of malonic dialdehyde concentration in renal
      cortical substance.

PMID- 9951304
TI  - [The thiamine index as an integral indicator of the body allowance of vitamin
      B1].
AB  - One of the most wide-spread methods of evaluation of thiamine content in the body
      is determination of the activity of the thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzyme-
      transketolase--and so-called TPP-effect (the quantitative measure of unsaturation
      of transketolase with coenzyme). Absence of distinct correlation between the
      parameters in a number of cases calls for a search for the integral coefficient
      less dependent on the original dynamics of the given markers. Thus, we propose to
      use the thiamine index calculated by means of division of transketolase activity
      index expressed in absolute units by TPP-effect index expressed in relative
      units. The examples of thiamine index calculation and peculiarities of its
      interpretation with consideration of dynamic state of chronic alcoholics in
      abstinence and of patients with acute alcohol psychoses are shown.

PMID- 9951305
TI  - [The pathology of hemostasis].

PMID- 9951306
TI  - [Pedophilic behaviors: the psychopathological aspects].

PMID- 9951307
TI  - [The use of HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Their effects on AIDS-correlated
      outpatient and hospitalization activities. A catchment area study].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of the use of protease inhibitors (IP) on the
      out-patient department's activities and hospitalizations of HIV-1 infected
      subjects. METHODS: From the December 1996 IP was available in our hospital, so
      the years 1996 and 1997 were studied. RESULTS: In the year 1997, 336 patients
      were visited with an increase of the 41% compared with the year 1996. In the 1997
      the 45.2% of hospitalizations were related to AIDS, while in the year 1996 the
      65.4% of them were related to AIDS. CONCLUSIONS: The use of IP had increased the
      activities of the out-patient department and certainly had a role in reducing the
      hospitalizations related to AIDS.

PMID- 9951308
TI  - [Bronchoalveolar lavage in lower respiratory tract infections in patients with
      bronchopulmonary carcinoma. Our experience].
AB  - In order to evaluate the usefulness of the endoscopic procedures with BAL, we
      conducted a study on 92 patients with diagnosis of lung cancer, underwent to
      chemotherapy, identifying pathogenic species involved and the antibiotic
      sensibility and antibiotic resistance. Moreover, to evaluate possible
      modifications of alveolar cell population in neutropenic patients, we studied the
      specimens from BALs performed via fibreoptic bronchoscopy. METHODS: The cellular
      pattern of BALs in terms of concentration of total cells, concentrations of
      alveolar macrophages (AMs), of polymorphonucleates (PMNs) and lymphocytes (Ls)
      were compared in neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients. RESULTS: In the
      statistical analysis of our study we found a correlation, statistically
      significant, between patients with neutropenic episodes on the previous
      chemotherapy courses and incidence of LTRI. The mean concentrations x 100,000/ml
      of BAL fluid of total alveolar cells, AMs, PMNs and Ls were significantly lower,
      after chemotherapy, in group of neutropenic patients than in non neutropenic
      patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we found that during
      neutropenia the alveolar cell population was quantitatively deficient, confirming
      the hypothesis, proposed by other authors, of "lung aplasia" as a consequence or
      a concomitant event of chemotherapy-induced marrow toxicity.

PMID- 9951309
TI  - [The efficacy of cetirizine in the treatment of mild allergic asthma due to
      grasses].
AB  - We have evaluated the efficacy of cetirizine in 24 patients (18 males and 6
      females, mean age 25.4 years) suffering from mild or moderate allergic asthma due
      to grass pollen. Cetirizine was given once a day at the dosage of 10 mg for four
      weeks. On a daily card patients had to record the number of asthmatic attacks,
      the usage of bronchodilatators and the values of peak expiratory flow measured in
      l/min in the morning and at the evening. The improvement of the parameters
      considered was statistically significant, and no side effects have been observed.
      Cetirizine is therefore an effective and safe drug in the treatment of mild and
      moderate asthma induced by grass pollen.

PMID- 9951310
TI  - [Systemic Salmonella arizonae infections in patients with a deficiency of cell
      mediated immunity. A report of 2 cases and a review of the literature].
AB  - Systemic infections induced by Salmonella arizonae have been described in
      patients with underlying cell-mediated immunodeficiencies, usually resident in
      southern countries of U.S. and in Mexico. This peculiar geographic distribution
      is probably due to the ingestion of meat or drugs from rattlesnakes, that
      Salmonella arizonae colonize in the intestinal tract and that live in the above
      areas. In this article we describe two cases of systemic Salmonella arizonae
      infections, that represent, to our knowledge, the first report in European
      literature.

PMID- 9951311
TI  - [The treatment of laryngeal cancer. Surgical treatment].

PMID- 9951312
TI  - [The treatment of laryngeal cancer. Radiation treatment].

PMID- 9951313
TI  - [The treatment of laryngeal cancer. Chemotherapeutic treatment].

PMID- 9951314
TI  - [The treatment of laryngeal cancer. The concluding considerations].

PMID- 9951315
TI  - [Metabolic disorders due to HIV-1 protease inhibitors].

PMID- 9951316
TI  - [Antileukotrienes in the therapy of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 9951318
TI  - [The natural history of asthma].
AB  - Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airways with a multifactorial
      pathogenesis. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the
      development of the disease which can vary in the same patient through time. Due
      to its complexity, natural history of asthma is poorly well-known. Generally, in
      the history of asthma three periods of life are taken into consideration: early
      childhood, adolescence and adult life. It has been demonstrated that less than
      one third of children who are affected by wheezing in early childhood develop a
      true asthma afterwards. Usually in these subjects who are male and atopic,
      viruses and subsequently allergens represent the most important factors
      responsible for the development of asthma. During adolescence airborne allergens
      represent the main cause of the disease: mites in infancy and pollens in late
      childhood. The incidence of asthma during adolescence is growing according to
      recent studies, and even if the symptomatology of asthma improves through time,
      about two thirds of patients remain asthmatic in their adult life. As regards
      adults etiology, it is less known, women are more frequently affected than men
      and the prognosis is generally poorer. Several factors negatively influence the
      course of asthma such as age, smoking, the severity of the disease during
      infancy, the persistence of functional obstructive alterations and the increased
      aspecific bronchial reactivity. Adequate therapy is crucially important to cope
      with these factors and can change the course of the disease.

PMID- 9951317
TI  - [AIDS and opportunistic visceral mycoses. A diagnostic and therapeutic update].
AB  - Candidiasis, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, and
      coccidioidomycosis are the most commonly recognized visceral mycoses complicating
      the course of HIV infection and AIDS. Their current management issues are
      discussed on the ground of the personal experience, and the most recent
      literature evidences.

PMID- 9951319
TI  - [In praise of fallible knowledge (Karl Raimund Popper)].

PMID- 9951321
TI  - [A new type of HIV].

PMID- 9951322
TI  - [The anti-HIV action of chicoric acid].

PMID- 9951324
TI  - [Immunotherapy outside the allergy clinic].

PMID- 9951323
TI  - [A new anti-HIV drug].

PMID- 9951325
TI  - [Treatment of lupus crisis with IgIV].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Intravenous Immunoglobulin (i.v.Ig) has been advocated as efficacious
      for Systemic Lupus Erytematosus (SLE) and Lupic Nephritis (LN) using high
      dosages, propitious a prolonged remission of SLE. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We show
      the case of a male patient 16 years old, with SLE diagnosis until 1993, and LN
      phase IV. He attend to hospital with a Lupic Crisis, positives ANAs, DNAds, ScL
      427, C3 45, C4 13, IgG 179, urinary sediment: leukocytes 30-40 xc, erythrocytes 8
      10 xc. Renal failure: BUN 243, seric Cr: 10.16. I.v. Ig administrated 400 mgs k
      do. And nephrologic assistance, NK. RESULTS: There was improvement after
      infusion, clinical and serological, persisting with renal failure. The mechanism
      by which i.v. Ig might have effected improvement in this patient was reviewed.
      CONCLUSION: The use in our patient with SLE and LN was satisfactory. Is difficult
      affirm categorical the outcome or failure of i.v. Ig in patients with SLE, even
      report founded are only few cases report.

PMID- 9951326
TI  - [Incidence of adverse reactions to immunotherapy in allergic patients at Puebla
      University Hospital].
AB  - MATERIAL AND METHOD: In order to know adverse reaction incidence to,
      immunotherapy, it realized a longitudinal, prospective and descriptive study in
      patients of outward consultation of Allergy Immunology Clinic Service of Hospital
      Universitario de Puebla in a period of 10 months. It determined age, sex,
      diagnostic, reaction adverse kind and presentation time of them. Initial
      immunotherapy dose was 0.05 ml administered subcutaneously with treatment
      antigens 1:100 weight/volume without premedication. It included 170 patients with
      average age of 22.6 years (SID 15.4), 56.5% female sex and 43.5% male. RESULTS:
      Most frequent pathologics were asthma and rhinitis. Adverse reactions incidence
      at specific immunotherapy were 2.4%, all of them were of immediate and local
      kind. CONCLUSION: These results are influence by the concentration and dose of
      antigens utilized and may differ of another studies.

PMID- 9951328
TI  - [Neutrophilic dermatosis].
AB  - We present this neutrophilic dermatoses review, showing the importance and
      pluripotential function of neutrophils: its special proliferation way or its
      association with immune complexes, that make them express in most different ways,
      such entities were consider till recently as no related. We are here including
      uncommon neutrophilic dermatoses, infrequently seen in dermatological departments
      that make them extremely interesting and a need to be known by dermatologist.,
      looking forward to find new therapeutically concepts.

PMID- 9951327
TI  - [Diagnostic use of enzymatic RAST skin tests and determination of eosinophils in
      nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis].
AB  - AIMS: Allergic rhinitis is the most frequent disease mediated by immunoglobulin E
      (IgE). Nasal challenge is the gold standard for the diagnosis of allergic
      rhinitis. Skin tests (ST) are the most used diagnostic method to detect the
      presence of specific IgE bind to skin mast cells. The exposition of the nasal
      mucous membrane to the allergen is followed by an increase of the local
      eosinophils; the count of eosinophils in nasal mucous (ENM) is a diagnostic test
      for allergic rhinitis. Enzymatic RAST or enzymatic allergo-sorbent test (ESA)
      measures the level of serum allergen-specific IgE. OBJECTIVE: To measure the
      sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic precision of ST, EAST and ENM in
      allergic rhinitis. METHOD: We studied 241 individuals, 162 of them had allergic
      rhinitis, and 79 were healthy controls. They underwent nasal challenge and
      intradermic ST for Dermatophagoies spp (acarus). Fraxinus americana (Ash-tree),
      Amaranthus palmieri (quelite), Cynodon Dactylon (capriola) and Felis catus (cat),
      EAST for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (acarus), and ENIVI. Results of ST, EAST
      and ENIVI were compared with their corresponding nasal challenge, and the
      prevalence of allergic rhinitis for each allergen was calculated. The best cut
      point was assessed by means of receiver-operator curves (ROC), and sensitivity,
      specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, inter-observer
      concordance coefficient, area under ROC (0), standard error of 0 (SEO), and 95%
      confidence interval of 0 of each test were calculated using the best cut point.
      RESULTS: ST and EAST had the best sensitivity and specificity. ENM had the lowest
      sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION: For the diagnosis of Dermatophagoides
      spp allergic rhinitis ST for Dermatophagoides spp and EAST for Dermatophagoides
      pteronyssinus have the same diagnostic precision. According to the indexes for
      diagnostic precision, and inter-observer concordance coefficient, ST and EAST are
      useful to diagnose allergic rhinitis induced by the evaluated allergens. ENIVI is
      a test that is not very useful for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis.

PMID- 9951329
TI  - [Pneumonitis due to hypersensitivity in a breast-feeding baby: case report].

PMID- 9951330
TI  - [Evaluation of the campaign on vaccination against meningococcal disease in
      Galicia. Methodology, advantages and disadvantages, Study of carriers].

PMID- 9951331
TI  - [Efficacy of seroconversion and duration of immunity induced by the meningococcal
      serogroup C vaccine. Study included in the evaluation of the mass immunization of
      the population in the age group between 18 months and 19 years in the community
      of Madrid].

PMID- 9951332
TI  - [Bactericidal activity against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C in the
      vaccinated and non-vaccinated population of Andlucia].

PMID- 9951333
TI  - [Effectiveness of seroconversion of the Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C
      vaccine, duration of antibody levels in the Autonomic Community of Extremadura].

PMID- 9951334
TI  - [Effect of vaccine in meningococcal disease in Cantabria].

PMID- 9951335
TI  - [Methodology of the study of pre- and post-vaccination antibodies against
      serogroup C Meningococcus].

PMID- 9951336
TI  - [Effectiveness of the massive campaign for immunization against Meningococcus
      (serogroup C) in the Autonomic Community of the Basque Province].

PMID- 9951337
TI  - [Interpretation of the laboratory results concerning the protective effect of
      vaccines].

PMID- 9951338
TI  - [Diagnosis of meningococcal disease using PCR].

PMID- 9951339
TI  - [Use if PCR for the characterization of strains].

PMID- 9951340
TI  - [Meningococcal disease in Spain. Changes in its etiological pattern as an
      emerging health problem].

PMID- 9951341
TI  - [Predictive factors of cases secondary to meningococcal infection in Barcelona.
      Epidemiology of the disease].

PMID- 9951342
TI  - [Search for carriers and characterization of Neisseria meningitidis strains
      circulating in Extremadura].

PMID- 9951343
TI  - [Validation of disease registries for compulsory declaration of meningococcal
      infections using the capture-recapture method].

PMID- 9951344
TI  - [Survey of Neisseria meningitidis carriers in the health resort of the Canary
      Islands].

PMID- 9951345
TI  - [Injury--damages--insurance: legal implications].
AB  - Belgian dentists are, during their undergraduate studies, not enough informed on
      court and insurance procedures in case one of their patients gets injured in an
      accident or assault. This article focuses on the correct interpretation of some
      widely used, but often misunderstood, principles. The role of the treating
      dentist and the dental advisor of the insurer is described and a plea is made for
      a better cooperation between them, based on honest and correct reporting.

PMID- 9951346
TI  - [Definitive injuries to the teeth. Lesions of hard tissue and pulp].
AB  - Tooth infraction and enamel fracture are the most simple traumatic crown lesions.
      When necessary the lesions can be covered with composite material. Follow-up of
      the traumatized tooth is necessary since pulp necrosis and obliteration can
      develop. In case of an uncomplicated fracture involving enamel and dentine
      immediate protection of the dentinal wound is important for the preservation of
      tooth vitality. In case of a negative vitality test, an endodontic treatment will
      be performed in case of a tooth with open apex only when supplemental clinical
      and or radiological signs of pulp necrosis are present. When a complicated enamel
      dentine fracture is present, an endodontic treatment will be performed when root
      formation is complete. In case of a wide open apex, a pulp capping, partial
      pulpotomy or cervical pulpotomy will be performed in order to preserve vitality
      of pulpal tissues at the level of the root. Crown root fractures can be
      superficial, deep or vertical. In case of a superficial localisation of the
      fracture line, restoration with composite material or with the fractured tooth
      segment is indicated. Deep crown-root fractures can only be restored when the
      fracture line is localized not deeper than at 1/3 of the length of the root. In
      case of a vertical fracture, extraction is the only possibility. Root fractures
      on immature teeth are in most cases unilateral and have a good prognosis. In
      teeth with completed root formation, fractures at the level of the cervix have a
      poor prognosis. The fractured segment will be removed. Only when the remaining
      root segment is long enough, this part can be maintained. In case of a fracture
      at the mid-root level, repositioning and rigid splinting for a period of 8 weeks
      is necessary. When the tooth becomes non-vital, endodontic treatment is performed
      on the coronal part. Root fracture in the apical part does not necessary result
      in enhanced tooth mobility and immobilisation is not always necessary. Healing of
      a root fracture is only possible when the tooth is immobilized for a sufficiently
      long period. Regular control of tooth vitality is necessary since pulp necrosis
      can lead to an inflammatory reaction at the level of the fracture line.

PMID- 9951347
TI  - [Injuries to the permanent teeth. Periodontal lesions].
AB  - Tooth luxations are relatively common. In case of concussion or subluxation the
      tooth is not displaced. The treatment will consist of relief of the tooth. Most
      frequent complications are pulp necrosis and obliteration of pulpal tissues. In
      case of extrusive luxation pulpal tissues and the periodontal ligament are
      injured. When tooth mobility is increased flexible splinting should be
      considered. Endodontic treatment is necessary after extrusive luxation of a tooth
      with completed root formation. Teeth with open apex often show pulpal
      obliteration after extensive luxation. Lateral luxation is more complex than
      extrusive luxation since the alveolar bone is also damaged. Repositioning and
      splinting of the tooth are necessary. When the apical foramen in closed,
      endodontic treatment will be necessary. Teeth with incomplete root formation will
      develop pulp obliteration. Following lateral luxation, external root resorption
      and loss of marginal bone are not infrequent. Intrusive luxation is the type of
      trauma with most unfavorable prognosis. All intruded teeth will become necrotic
      and external root resorption and marginal bone loss are frequent. There is no
      consensus regarding the therapeutic approach. Orthodontic extrusion or surgical
      mobilisation are possible options. In case of avulsion, both the pulpal tissues
      and the periodontal ligament are disrupted. Preservation of the vitality of the
      periodontal ligament covering the root will determine the prognosis of the
      reimplanted tooth. Therefore the tooth will be repositioned as soon as possible.
      When this is not possible, milk or a specific solution are most appropriate for
      tooth conservation. When the reimplanted tooth has complete root formation,
      devitalization will be performed one week after after repositioning. In case of a
      tooth with open apex revascularisation can be awaited. Healing of the periodontal
      ligament will determine prognosis. When a normal ligament is obtained during
      healing or when surface resorption is obtained, the tooth can be preserved for a
      long period. When progressive replacement resorption (ankylosis) develops, most
      teeth can remain in position for about 10 years. When inflammatory resorption
      develops, the tooth will be lost within a short time.

PMID- 9951348
TI  - [Fractures of the alveolar process].
AB  - Fractures of the alveolar bone plate or processus alveolaris can easily be
      diagnosed by clinical examination and radiological check-up. These fractures
      require repositioning and rigid fixation. Pulp degeneration and resorption can be
      avoided when endodontic treatment is carried out early on.

PMID- 9951352
TI  - [The International Year of the Elderly 1999].

PMID- 9951351
TI  - [The effects of dental collective, group and individual prophylaxis in those who
      have left school].

PMID- 9951353
TI  - [With the age....].

PMID- 9951349
TI  - [Maxillo-facial aspects of dento-alveolar trauma].
AB  - The management of oral injuries requires expertise in dental and medical cares.
      The need for a multidisciplinary assessment, including medical, has to be
      ascertained early. Diagnostic and management procedures are described as well as
      concomitant lesions such as maxillofacial bony fractures.

PMID- 9951350
TI  - [The determination of the status of dental implantology in Switzerland].

PMID- 9951354
TI  - [Computerized reference management].

PMID- 9951355
TI  - [Allergy to dust mites].
AB  - House dust mites are the most important indoor allergens in our region. During
      recent years more dwellings have become infested, most likely as a result of
      increased indoor humidity due to reduced ventilation. Among Danish adults, 14%
      have developed IgE against mites. The allergens are stable and can remain for
      years. Keeping the humidity low (< 45%) during winter months is the most
      important limiting factor for mite growth. It can be accomplished by ventilation
      and heating. If bedding, pillow, eiderdown and covering mattress are washedat
      temperatures > 55 degrees C mites are killed and allergens removed. In addition
      mattress covers seem to be useful, although guidelines for quality assessment are
      lacking. Reduction in mite exposure will reduce development of allergy in all age
      groups especially in the newborn period. Immunotherapy can be offered in rhinitis
      and moderate asthma when sufficient allergen reduction cannot be accomplished.

PMID- 9951356
TI  - [House dust mite allergens and mite allergy in Copenhagen dwellings. A cross
      sectional study].
AB  - The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of various environmental
      factors on occurrence of house dust mite allergens and the influence of allergen
      exposure on mite allergy. Ninety-two persons from a population study filled in a
      questionnaire, were skin prick and lung function tested and dust samples were
      collected from their mattresses for analyses. Two out of five patients with
      asthma had a positive skin reaction to house dust mite allergen in contrast to
      five out of 87 non-asthmatics. Fifty-nine per cent of the dust samples contained
      (group 1) mite allergen > 2 micrograms/g dust. Such mattresses were older (median
      7 years, range 1-22) than mattresses with less allergen (median 4 years, range 1
      20). In the six bedrooms reported to be humid or mouldy, mattresses contained
      high concentration of mite allergens. No other parameter investigated could
      predict the allergen contents. In almost all cases dust analyses are crucial to
      be able to advise patients with house dust mite allergy.

PMID- 9951357
TI  - [The effect of traditional Chinese acupuncture on severe tinnitus. A double
      blind, placebo-controlled clinical study with an open therapeutic surveillance].
AB  - The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of intensive acupuncture
      on severe tinnitus. The structure of the study was a randomized, double-blind,
      clinical investigation with open therapeutic surveillance and included 54
      patients. All were subjected to 25 treatment sessions over a period of two
      months, each treatment lasting 30 minutes. Fifty-two patients completed the
      study. The variables used for self-registration were based on the Visual Analogue
      Scale, where annoyance, loudness and awareness of the tinnitus were assessed.
      These were recorded twice daily over a four month period starting one month
      before the first treatment and ending one month after the last treatment.
      Questionnaires, interviews and audiometry were carried out repeatedly. No
      statistically significant differences were found between the acupuncture group
      and the placebo group.

PMID- 9951358
TI  - [Laparoscopic herniotomy in recurrent inguinal hernia].
AB  - We present a material of 103 patients with a total of 105 recurrent inguinal
      hernias operated by transabdominal laparoscopic repair. Nine patients developed
      seromas. One was reoperated due to ileus and one had the mesh removed because of
      persistent pain in the groin. Following a median observation of 12 months (range
      4-48 months) 102 patients were examined and two new recurrences were detected
      corresponding to 1.9% (95% confidence limits 0.2-6.7%).

PMID- 9951359
TI  - [Latex allergy diagnosed at a department of dermatology. A descriptive analysis
      of a 3-year material].
AB  - This study gives a descriptive analysis of 52 patients with type-I allergy to
      latex. Seventy-one percent of these cases were considered occupational,
      especially related to the health care sector (29 of 37 patients). Four patients
      had to change their jobs because of the allergy. Twenty-five percent presented
      initially with monosymptomatic contact urticaria, while 35% presented with hand
      eczema, which could only be explained by concomitant allergy to rubber chemicals
      in 35% of the cases. During the period from observation of initial symptoms until
      establishment of the diagnosis, several of the patients with monosymptomatic hand
      eczema developed additional type-I related symptoms. Not only latex-exposed
      patients with type-I-related symptoms, but also latex-exposed patients with hand
      eczema should be suspected for latex-allergy and tested with pricktests, latex
      specific IgE and skin-provocation tests.

PMID- 9951360
TI  - [Pacemaker failure in elective DC cardioversion of atrial tachycardia].
AB  - A 74-year-old woman with a VVI-rate-responsive pacemaker (Pacesetter 2033K;
      unipolar pacing electrode) was admitted for cardioversion of atrial tachycardia.
      Antiarrhythmic medication included flecainide 100 mg x 2. Electrical
      defibrillation was followed by transient, but severe nodal bradycardia and
      pacemaker malfunction characterized by loss of ventricular capture and sensing.
      The incident probably represents an example of pacemaker failure due to an acute
      increase in the stimulation threshold, most likely caused by current-induced
      tissue damage at the electrode-endomyocardial interface. Flecainide might have
      contributed to the increase in stimulation threshold. The clinician should be
      prepared for the possible consequences of pacemaker failure after external
      defibrillation.

PMID- 9951361
TI  - [Hydrothorax caused by intravasal triple-lumen subclavian catheter].
AB  - A case in which a patient developed right-sided hydrothorax due to extravasal
      infusion of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is reported. The catheter was a
      triluminal catheter and the tip was shown to be correctly placed in the superior
      vene cava by x-ray after injection of radio-opaque contrast. The most proximal
      injection port located 4.5 cm from the tip of the catheter was documented to be
      sited in the superior mediastinum outside the vena cava. The infusion was given
      through the proximal port of the catheter. The mechanisms underlying this
      complication are discussed. The case emphazises the need to control the position
      of all infusion ports regularly when using central venous catheters with more
      than one lumen.

PMID- 9951362
TI  - [The programming hypothesis].

PMID- 9951363
TI  - [Picture of the month. Staphylococcal infection with embolizations)].

PMID- 9951364
TI  - [The 25th anniversary of the Danish Society of Medical Technology].

PMID- 9951365
TI  - [A center for hemoglobin diseases in the county of Copenhagen].

PMID- 9951366
TI  - [A tooth per child--myth or reality? Comment on a Danish study].

PMID- 9951367
TI  - [Ultrasound screening of pregnant women].

PMID- 9951368
TI  - [Heart magnyl].

PMID- 9951369
TI  - [Intrathecal opioids in the treatment of postoperative pain].

PMID- 9951370
TI  - [Salicylate poisoning--shall the urine be alkalinized and the diuresis forced?].

PMID- 9951371
TI  - [Can drugs reduce the need for blood transfusion in the course of surgery?].

PMID- 9951372
TI  - [Large prescription forms--great words, but is it necessary?].

PMID- 9951374
TI  - [Permeability of blood-eye barrier in patients with primary glaucoma combined
      with lens opacity].
AB  - The development of glaucoma involves changes in the chamber humor caused by
      hydrodynamic disorders. Primary glaucoma is often combined with lens opacities.
      Comparison of the content of protein and protein fractions in aqueous humor and
      blood serum of patients with glaucoma and different degree of lens opacity showed
      that, in contrast to senile cataract, cataract in a glaucomatous eye forms when
      the permeability of the blood-eye barrier is increased, which justifies the
      administration of drugs stabilizing it.

PMID- 9951375
TI  - [Heparin inhalations and laser exposure of blood in treatment of patients with
      open-angle glaucoma].
AB  - Comparative assessment of methods aimed at amelioration of the immunohemostatic
      processes in patients with open-angle glaucoma suffering from chronic vascular
      diseases showed that the most remarkable improvement of the visual functions and
      decrease of the level of circulating immune complexes in the blood were attained
      in the patients treated by heparin inhalations combined with intravenous laser
      exposure of the blood as against patients treated by one of these methods alone
      or traditionally.

PMID- 9951376
TI  - [Functional and morphological features of vitreoretinal proliferation after
      penetrating wounds of eye complicated by hemophthalmos (immunohistochemical and
      electron microscopy study)].
AB  - Comprehensive (optic, electron, and fluorescent microscopy) morphological
      analysis of vitreous fragments removed in vitrectomy after penetrating wounds of
      the eye complicated by hemophthalmia showed that blood and damaged cells of
      pigment-free ciliary epithelium and the glia play an important role in the
      development of proliferative processes in the ophthalmic cavity.
      Immunohistochemical studies revealed active expression of immunoglobulins A and G
      and of HLA-DR antigen on immunocompetent cells and abnormal expression of HLA-DR
      in pigment-free ciliary epithelium and the glia, confirming the autoimmune origin
      of inflammatory disorders.

PMID- 9951377
TI  - [Modern methods of medical rehabilitation in traumatic detachment of retina].
AB  - The authors analyze the efficacy of treating patients with vitreoretinal diseases
      using a pathogenetically-based system of comprehensive medical rehabilitation and
      the results of ophthalmological examination recorded and processed in a special
      computer case history. Prognostic analysis making use of nonparametrical
      statistics method distinguished highly informative signs determining the results
      of medical rehabilitation in traumatic detachment of the retina. Basic methods of
      surgical rehabilitation are supplemented with preventive YAG laser surgery.
      Modern scleroplastic materials are offered. The authors emphasize the
      significance of two staged adequate postoperative rehabilitation during the
      immediate postoperative period with special emphasis on the agents regulating
      redox processes; later YAG lasers and other stimulators can be used. Other
      perspective trends of research are study of electroenesis and pathogenesis of
      vitreoretinal proliferation for drug development.

PMID- 9951378
TI  - [Effect of diabetic encephalopathy on fundus oculi status in diabetes].
AB  - Twenty-two diabetics with concomitant diabetic encephalopathy are examined.
      Control group consisted of 22 diabetics without encephalopathy. In the main group
      the fundus oculi was normal in 4 (18.2%) patients, common diabetic retinopathy
      with vascular changes was found in 3 (13.6%), common diabetic retinopathy with
      exudative and hemorrhagic changes in 7 (31.8%), and descending optic nerve
      atrophy in 8 (36.4%); two of these latter patients developed diabetic
      retinopathy, although little expressed. The fundus oculi was abnormal in all
      controls. Common diabetic retinopathy with hemorrhagic and exudative changes was
      observed in 12 (54.5%) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 10 (45.5%)
      patients. Diabetic encephalopathy concomitant with diabetes mellitus prevents or
      delays the development of diabetic retinopathy. The mechanism of this phenomenon
      is discussed. The "parquet" pattern of the fundus oculi can be an important
      differential diagnostic sign of diabetic and dyscirculatory encephalopathy.

PMID- 9951379
TI  - [Effects of corticosteroid and nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs on corneal
      transparency after photorefraction keratectomy].
AB  - Effects of corticosteroid and nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs on corneal
      transparency after photorefraction keratectomy (PFK) in myopia are studied.
      Corneal transparency was assessed by computer analytical system for the anterior
      segment of the eye, designed by the authors. Corticosteroids (0.1% dexamethasone
      solution) more effectively control bacterial contamination of the cornea in high
      myopia than nonsteroids (0.1% sodium diclofenac solution). A significant
      improvement of optic density of the cornea was observed 2 weeks after PFK when
      corticosteroids were discontinued. On the other hand, replacement of diclofenac
      with dexamethasone 2 weeks after PFK did not result in decrease of optic density
      of corneal image. Apparently, corticosteroids contribute to decrease of bacterial
      contamination of the cornea during the very first days after PFK. In myopia of up
      to -6.0 diopters, the densitometric parameters were virtually the same in the
      patients treated with nonsteroids and corticosteroids.

PMID- 9951380
TI  - [Vitasic magnetophoresis in the treatment of primary reticular corneal
      dystrophy].
AB  - Sixty-six patients (132 eyes) with hereditary reticular corneal dystrophy were
      treated by instillations of taufon and vitasik eyedrops and by vitasik
      magnetophoresis. Time course of clinical symptoms and visual acuity is compared.
      Vitasik is better tolerated and its therapeutic effect is higher than that of
      taufon. The efficacy of vitasik is still more increased by magnetophoresis
      ensuring the best results.

PMID- 9951382
TI  - [Sclera-fortifying treatment of myopia in children at high risk of its
      progression].
AB  - The paper deals with progress of myopia during active growth of children. The
      strategy of treatment is developed and efficacy of surgical fortification of the
      sclera in children with an unfavorable course of myopia (early acquired myopia,
      rapid progress of the condition) is assessed. The proposed method stabilizes
      myopia for 3 years sclera fortification carried out in several stages in the
      patients with the most grave condition. Practical recommendations are offered
      concerning a certain order of exposures and indications for them.

PMID- 9951381
TI  - [Efficacy and indications for YAG laser optico-reconstructive surgery on the
      anterior eye segment in children].
AB  - Efficacy of YAG laser surgery is analyzed in 486 children treated at the
      Helmholtz Institute of Ocular Diseases. Indications and contraindications for YAG
      laser correcting opticoreconstructive surgery on the anterior segment of the eye
      are defined for children with secondary cataracts, some congenital, traumatic,
      and complicated cataracts, anterior and posterior synechias, goniosynechias,
      ectopic and pinhole pupil, pupil block, anterior chamber cysts, vitreous
      adhesions, and some consequences of intraocular lens implantation. Optimal terms
      of laser intervention are defined, improving its efficacy and decreasing the risk
      of complications.

PMID- 9951383
TI  - [Method of prevention and treating the accommodation cramp and progressive myopia
      in children].
AB  - A new method for treating the accommodation cramp and progressive myopia in
      children consists in transferring the glance from a close TV screen to a far one.
      One of the tasks of this method is to turn a computer game from a factor
      deteriorating the accommodation into a factor improving it. The picture is
      automatically transferred from one TV to the other every 10 seconds. Sixty-five
      children were followed up. The volume of relative accommodation improved, the
      progress of myopia in a year was 0.045 versus 0.5 diopters in the control group.

PMID- 9951384
TI  - [Combined method for treating false myopia and preventing axial myopia].
AB  - None of the numerous methods for optic and drug treatment of the accommodation
      cramp effectively arrests it without long tiresome training or atropine, which
      limits visual working capacity for a long time and therefore, precludes starting
      the treatment on an outpatient basis immediately. Use of an available, simple,
      and effective combined method for treating the accommodation cramp helped prevent
      true myopia in 94.3% of young children in the main group, whereas 38.3% children
      in the control group developed myopia.

PMID- 9951385
TI  - [Vitrectomy: method for treating of vitreo-corneal adhesions in children].
AB  - Vitreocorneal adhesions were removed by anterior vitrectomy in 37 children. In 19
      patients the adhesions developed after removal of cataracts and in 18 after
      penetrating wounds of the cornea. Vitrectomy was carried out 1 month to 6 years
      after the diagnosis, the mean term was 1.4 years. The intervention normalized the
      ratio between ocular chambers, improved the appearance, and appreciably improved
      the visual acuity.

PMID- 9951386
TI  - [Microcirculatory bed of bulbar conjunctiva and fundus oculi vessels in cervical
      osteochondrosis].
AB  - A total of 100 patients (200 eyes) with cervical osteochondrosis were examined.
      Microcirculatory bed of the bulbar conjunctiva, pressure in the central retinal
      artery, and diameter of vessels in the fundus oculi were assessed. All these
      parameters were disordered in the examinees in comparison with normal controls.
      The degree of changes inversely correlated with clinical manifestations of
      cervical osteochondrosis. Study of ocular hemodynamics in this patient population
      helps predict the time course of the underlying disease.

PMID- 9951387
TI  - [Comparative assessment of antioxidant activity of para-aminobenzoic acid and
      emoxipin in retina].
AB  - Effect of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) on lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rat and
      guinea pig retina exposed to hypoxic hypoxia is studied. PABA was injected
      intraperitoneally and parabulbarly before and after hypoxic exposure. Antioxidant
      activities of PABA and emoxipin were compared. An intraperitoneal injection of
      PABA in a dose of 10 mg/kg 24 h before hypoxia virtually completely prevented
      accumulation of lipid peroxides and preserved catalase activity in the retina.
      Parabulbar injection of 0.01% PABA solution 1 h before hypoxia prevented LPO
      intensification, stabilized catalase activity in hypoxia, and protected the
      retina starting from the moment immediately after hypoxic exposure. The efficacy
      of 0.01% PABA is comparable with that of 1% emoxipin, and a 0.01% solution of
      emoxipin is less effective than PABA in the same concentration. PABA exerts an
      antioxidant effect after hypoxia by decreasing the abnormally high level of lipid
      peroxides and reducing catalase activity in the retina after parabulbar injection
      of the drug. All the studied concentrations of the drug (from 0.007 to 0.08%) are
      active, but the optimal dose for the retina is 0.04%. By its efficacy this
      concentration is equivalent to 1% emoxipin.

PMID- 9951388
TI  - [Results of psychological testing of patients with keratoconus].
AB  - Psychological testing of 63 normal subjects and 84 patients with keratocone was
      carried out separately for men and women aged 18-64 years using 11 scores of a
      brief multifactorial questionnaire for personality examination (BMQP). Comparison
      of averaged profiles of examined men and women with keratocone showed features of
      sensitive and psychasthenic personalities. According to BMQP scores, the
      population of men with keratocone is characterized by increased levels of
      psychasthenia and schizophrenia, whereas women develop depression, psychasthenia,
      and schizophrenia.

PMID- 9951389
TI  - [Combined treatment of postoperative inflammations after intraocular lenses
      implantation].
AB  - Laser exposure was used for treating some postoperative complications in 11
      patients. The results indicate a high efficacy of YAG and argon laser in multiple
      modality treatment of exudative reactions developing after implantation of
      intraocular lenses.

PMID- 9951390
TI  - [Case of left ethmoidal labyrinth mucocele simulating chronic purulent
      dacryocystitis].

PMID- 9951391
TI  - [Expanders in plastic ophthalmologic surgery].

PMID- 9951392
TI  - [Triple procedure].

PMID- 9951393
TI  - [Ozone therapy in ophthalmology].

PMID- 9951395
TI  - Self-organization of the heartbeat as coordination among ventricular myocardial
      cells through mechano-electrical feedback.
AB  - To elucidate the mechanism of the self-organizing control of heartbeats, models
      that include the electrical and mechanical processes of heartbeat are proposed.
      As the mutual interaction between the two processes, mechano-electrical feedback
      (MEF), mediated by stretch-activated ionic channels, is considered. Analyses of
      the models show that coordination of beats among myocardial cells is established
      by MEF even in the absence of electrical coupling. The coordination of heartbeats
      is found to show in-phase synchronization under normal conditions, while it is
      out of phase or irregular under mechanically abnormal conditions. It is concluded
      that coupling by MEF is important for the self-organization of heartbeats.

PMID- 9951394
TI  - [Clinical course of diabetic retinopathy in myopia].

PMID- 9951396
TI  - Bayesian inference in populations of cortical neurons: a model of motion
      integration and segmentation in area MT.
AB  - A major issue in cortical physiology and computational neuroscience is
      understanding the interaction between extrinsic signals from feedforward
      connections and intracortical signals from lateral connections. We propose here a
      computational model for motion perception based on the assumption that the local
      cortical circuits in the medio-temporal area (area MT) implement a Bayesian
      inference principle. This approach establishes a functional balance between
      feedforward and lateral, excitatory and inhibitory, inputs. The model reproduces
      most of the known properties of the neurons in area MT in response to moving
      stimuli. It accounts for important motion perception phenomena including motion
      transparency, spatial and temporal integration/segmentation. While integrating
      several properties of previously proposed models, it makes specific testable
      predictions concerning, in particular, temporal properties of neurons and the
      architecture of lateral connections in area MT. In addition, the proposed
      mechanism is consistent with the known properties of local cortical circuits in
      area V1. This suggests that Bayesian inference may be a general feature of
      information processing in cortical neuron populations.

PMID- 9951397
TI  - Activity-dependent enhancement in the reliability of correlated spike timings in
      cultured cortical neurons.
AB  - To study the use-dependent modification of activity in neural networks, we
      investigated the spike timing by simultaneously recording activity at multiple
      sites in a network of cultured cortical neurons. We used dynamical analysis to
      study the temporal structure of spike trains and the activity-dependent changes
      in the reliability and reproducibility of spike patterns evoked by a stimulus. We
      also used cross-correlation analysis to evaluate the interactions of neuron
      pairs. Our main conclusions are that even when no obvious change in spike numbers
      can be seen, use-dependent modification occurs, either enhancing or reducing in
      the reliability and reproducibility of spike trains evoked by a stimulus, and the
      fine temporal structure of stimulus-evoked spike trains and interactions between
      neurons are also modified by tetanic stimulation.

PMID- 9951398
TI  - Investigation of the dynamics underlying periodic complexes in the EEG.
AB  - Periodic complexes (PC), occurring lateralised or diffuse, are relatively rare
      EEG phenomena which reflect acute severe brain disease. The pathophysiology is
      still incompletely understood. One hypothesis suggested by the alpha rhythm model
      of Lopes da Silva is that periodic complexes reflect limit cycle dynamics of
      cortical networks caused by excessive excitatory feedback. We examined this
      hypothesis by applying a recently developed technique to EEGs displaying periodic
      complexes and to periodic complexes generated by the model. The technique, non
      linear cross prediction, characterises how well a time series can be predicted,
      and how much amplitude and time asymmetry is present. Amplitude and time
      asymmetry are indications of non-linearity. In accordance with the model, most
      EEG channels with PC showed clear evidence of amplitude and time asymmetry,
      pointing to non-linear dynamics. However, the non-linear predictability of true
      PC was substantially lower than that of PC generated by the model. Furthermore,
      no finite value for the correlation dimension could be obtained for the real EEG
      data, whereas the model time series had a dimension slighter higher than one,
      consistent with a limit cycle attractor. Thus we can conclude that PC reflect non
      linear dynamics, but a limit cycle attractor is too simple an explanation. The
      possibility of more complex (high dimensional and spatio-temporal) non-linear
      dynamics should be investigated.

PMID- 9951399
TI  - The role of cortical area MST in a model of combined smooth eye-head pursuit.
AB  - The cortical medial superior temporal area (MST) is essential for the normal
      execution of smooth pursuit eye movements. Many pursuit-related neurons (visual
      tracking neurons = VT neurons) in the lateral part of area MST (MSTl) are
      responsive to retinal image slip (r) as well as to eye (e) and head velocity (h)
      with similar preferred directions (isodirectionality). We show, by running a
      connectionist network with VT neuron-like elements, that an assembly of MSTl-VT
      neurons is able to reconstruct target motion in world-centered coordinates (t').
      When t' is fed into a subsequent model stage, converting t' into gaze velocity
      (g') with varying contributions of e and h, the overall model is able to account
      for many of the salient properties of visually guided pursuit including the
      consequences of MSTl lesions. However, the analysis of the MSTl network also
      clearly indicates that isodirectionality is not a prerequisite for its
      performance. The investigation of a second model suggests that isodirectionality
      indeed does not result from functional but from developmental constraints. This
      second model is a connectionist network with hidden units, which similar to MSTl
      VT neurons receive input from modality specific units encoding retinal slip, eye
      and head velocity. After training this network to offer t' as output, two subsets
      of hidden units emerged, one exhibiting isodirectionality, but not the other.
      Since only isodirectional hidden units contributed to the flow of information,
      the preponderance of isodirectional MSTl-VT neurons might be the result of
      developmental pruning, eliminating the second group.

PMID- 9951400
TI  - Enantioselective analysis of N-hydroxymexiletine glucuronide in human plasma for
      pharmacokinetic studies.
AB  - Enzymatic hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase/sulfatase was used for the
      enantioselective determination of N-hydroxymexiletine glucuronide in plasma for
      pharmacokinetic studies. N-Hydroxymexiletine glucuronide was determined as the
      quantity of mexiletine released by hydrolysis (difference between the
      enantiomeric concentrations of mexiletine obtained with and without hydrolysis).
      Plasma samples (100 microliters) were treated at pH 5.0 with 10 mg of the enzyme
      (Limpet Acetone Powder type I) for 16 hr at 37 degrees C and extracted at pH 10.4
      with diisopropyl ether. Chiral mexiletine discrimination was obtained by reaction
      with o-phthalaldehyde/N-acetyl-L-cysteine, separation of the resulting
      diastereomers on a C-18 reversed-phase column with a mobile phase of methanol
      0.05 N acetate buffer, pH 5.5 (6.5:3.5, v/v), and fluorescence detection (lambda
      ex 350 nm, lambda em 455 nm). The performance characteristics for the
      enantioselective analysis of mexiletine preceded by enzymatic hydrolysis were
      recovery approximately 90%, quantification limit 1 ng/ml, and linearity up to
      1000 ng/ml plasma for both enantiomers. The coefficients of variation obtained in
      the study of intra- and inter-day precision were respectively 5% and 7% for both
      enantiomers. The assay was shown to be suitable for a pharmacokinetic study
      performed in a patient with the arrhythmic form of chronic Chagas' heart disease
      treated with 200 mg t.i.d. of racemic mexiletine hydrochloride. The high
      sensitivity of the method allows analysis of only 100 microliters plasma.

PMID- 9951401
TI  - Stereoselective disposition of tiaprofenic acid enantiomers in rats.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and metabolic chiral inversion of the S(+)- and R(-)
      enantiomers of tiaprofenic acid (S-TIA, R-TIA) were assessed in vivo in rats, and
      in addition the biochemistry of inversion was investigated in vitro in rat liver
      homogenates. Drug enantiomer concentrations in plasma were investigated following
      administration of S-TIA and R-TIA (i.p. 3 and 9 mg/kg) over 24 hr. Plasma
      concentrations of TIA enantiomers were determined by stereospecific HPLC
      analysis. After administration of R-TIA it was found that 1) there was a time
      delay of peak S-TIA plasma concentrations, 2) S-TIA concentrations exceeded R-TIA
      concentrations from approximately 2 hr after dosing, 3) Cmax and AUC(0-infinity)
      for S-TIA were greater than for R-TIA following administration of S-TIA, and 4)
      inversion was bidirectional but favored inversion of R-TIA to S-TIA.
      Bidirectional inversion was also observed when TIA enantiomers were incubated
      with liver homogenates up to 24 hr. However, the rate of inversion favored
      transformation of the R-enantiomer to the S-enantiomer. In conclusion,
      stereoselective pharmacokinetics of R- and S-TIA were observed in rats and
      bidirectional inversion in rat liver homogenates has been demonstrated for the
      first time. Chiral inversion of TIA may involve metabolic routes different from
      those associated with inversion of other 2-arylpropionic acids such as ibuprofen.

PMID- 9951402
TI  - Stereoselective allosteric binding interaction on human serum albumin between
      ibuprofen and lorazepam acetate.
AB  - The effect of ibuprofen enantiomers on the stereoselective binding of 3-acyloxy
      1,4-benzodiazepines to human serum albumin (HSA) was studied using both native
      and Sepharose-immobilized protein. (S)-Lorazepam acetate exhibited considerably
      enhanced binding, especially in the presence of (+)-(S)-ibuprofen. The phenomenon
      is an indication of cooperative allosteric interaction between different binding
      sites during multiple cobinding of two ligands.

PMID- 9951403
TI  - Stereoselective binding of zopiclone to human plasma proteins.
AB  - The binding of racemic zopiclone (ZOP) and of its two enantiomers to plasma
      proteins, albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein were compared. Our work shows
      that the binding of ZOP to human plasma proteins is stereoselective. The total
      plasma protein binding percentages were 79.3 +/- 5.5%, 83.8 +/- 5.2%, and 75.1 +/
      2.1%, for racemic zopiclone, (-)zopiclone and (+)zopiclone, respectively. These
      results were confirmed by the analysis of samples obtained from healthy
      volunteers after the oral administration of ZOP. The anticoagulant used for
      sampling was also shown to have an influence on the percentage binding and on its
      stereoselectivity. Considering albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein separately,
      stereoselectivity was also observed.

PMID- 9951404
TI  - Syntheses and beta-adrenergic binding affinities of (R)- and (S)
      fluoronaphthyloxypropanolamines.
AB  - The beta-adrenergic receptors mediate several physiological processes including
      heart rate (beta 1), bronchodilation (beta 2), and lipolysis (beta 3). Therefore,
      selectivity is important for a possible therapeutic agent acting via these
      receptors. Aryloxypropanolamines are beta-receptor agonists or antagonists,
      depending on the aryl group and its substituents. We therefore hypothesized that
      fluorine substitution on the aromatic ring in this class could lead to
      significant biological effects because of the unique chemical characteristics of
      fluorine. Because the target compound has a chiral center, we set out to
      synthesize the two enantiomers so that effects of stereochemistry on biological
      activity could be evaluated. Syntheses of the enantiomers were performed starting
      with commercially available fluoronaphthalene and subsequent use of the chiral
      synthon (2R)- or (2S)-glycidyl 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate, depending on the desired
      enantiomer. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were used to
      characterize %ee. Each enantiomer was synthesized. They exhibited nanomolar
      binding activities on beta-adrenergic receptors. The (S)-enantiomer was found to
      be up to 310 times more potent than the (R). It was also found to be about five
      fold more selective for beta 2- than for beta 1-receptors. The current report
      demonstrates the importance of stereochemistry for the fluoroaromatic beta
      receptor ligands.

PMID- 9951405
TI  - Stereospecific N-methylation of the tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids isosalsoline
      and salsolidine by amine N-methyltransferase A from bovine liver.
AB  - Stereospecific N-methylation of the tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids isosalsoline
      (7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) and salsolidine
      (6,7-dimethoxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) by amine N
      methyltransferase A isolated from bovine liver is reported. Incubation with S
      adenosylmethionine as cosubstrate revealed that in case of isosalsoline, an
      endogenous tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, the (+)-(R)-enantiomer, is
      preferentially methylated, whereas in the case of salsolidine the (-)-(S)
      enantiomer is preferentially methylated. The results were obtained by using two
      independent methods, namely a radioassay and HPLC following separate incubation
      experiments.

PMID- 9951406
TI  - Alcohol-induced stimulation and sedation: relation to physical aggression.
AB  - The relation between the stimulating and the sedating effects of acute alcohol
      consumption on human physical aggression was examined. Sixty male social drinkers
      were assigned to either an alcohol or a sober group. Aggression was measured
      using a modified version of S. Taylor's (1967) aggression paradigm, in which
      electric shocks are received from and administered to a fictitious opponent
      during a competitive task. Aggression was operationalized as the intensity and
      the duration of the shocks selected. Stimulation and sedation were measured using
      a self-report inventory. Results demonstrated that stimulation was positively
      related to aggression, but only in the intoxicated state. Sedation was not
      related to aggression in either the intoxicated or the sober state.

PMID- 9951407
TI  - Age stereotyping at work: the role of rater and contextual factors on evaluations
      of job applicants.
AB  - Using refinements of hypotheses by L. M. Finkelstein, M. J. Burke, and N. S. Raju
      (1995), the authors examined the effects of rater age, age salience, and job
      relevant information on 324 managers' ratings of an older or a younger
      hypothetical applicant's interpersonal skills, economic worth, and likelihood of
      being interviewed. They hypothesized that age identity would interact with age
      salience to produce ingroup biases that would lead raters to favor workers from
      their own age groups. There was a main effect of target age on all dependent
      variables, with the strongest effects on the ratings of economic worth: The
      participants rated the older target as less economically beneficial than the
      younger target. When age was highly salient and when the raters identified
      psychologically with their age groups, older raters actually disfavored older
      workers in ratings of economic worth. The authors also discuss directions of
      future research into the roles of the target's economic worth and the rater's age
      identity in age stereotyping and age discrimination in employment decisions.

PMID- 9951408
TI  - Effects of atropine on measures of behavioral arousal in rats.
AB  - Forty-day-old rats were given varying doses (0.0, 7.5, or 15.0 mg/kg/5 ml) of
      atropine sulfate or atropine methylnitrate and then were tested for levels of
      behavioral arousal-inhibition. Behavioral measures included transport response
      intensity, vertical cling catalepsy duration, and dorsal immobility duration.
      Atropine sulfate produced large increments in transport response intensities, and
      atropine methylnitrate produced intermediate effects, compared with saline
      treated control rats. No drug effect was reported for the measures of vertical
      cling catalepsy or dorsal immobility. Intraclass correlations among the various
      behavioral measures in this study revealed a reliable relationship between dorsal
      immobility duration and transport response intensity in the saline group.
      Administration of either the methylnitrate or sulfate solution negated this
      relationship. Results are discussed with respect to (a) possible mechanisms
      relating dorsal immobility and transport response and (b) reasons for the loss of
      relationship between the two measures with administration of atropine solutions.

PMID- 9951409
TI  - Individual differences in arousal and accessibility to information in memory.
AB  - The authors conducted 9 experiments to test the hypothesis (S. Schwartz, 1975)
      that arousal influences the accessibility of information stored in memory. They
      investigated the relationship between arousal levels (as indexed by personality
      types) and the type of stimuli or cues presented during study or test. They
      predicted that low-arousal individuals (stable extraverted individuals in
      Experiments 1-3 and 5-9 and high-impulsive individuals in Experiment 4) would be
      influenced by semantic stimuli, whereas high-arousal individuals (neurotic
      introverted individuals in Experiments 1-3 and 5-9 and low-impulsive individuals
      in Experiment 4) would be influenced by physical (i.e., graphic, phonetic, or
      both) stimuli. They tested the arousal-accessibility hypothesis by using a
      variety of tasks including verbal discrimination, false recognition, cued recall,
      and paired associates. With the exception of the finding that stable extraverted
      participants performed better than neurotic introverted participants on an
      incidental associative-matching task (Experiment 3), the results from the verbal
      discrimination studies (1-5) did not support the hypothesis. In Experiment 6, the
      authors tested the hypothesis by using a false-recognition task. False alarms
      varied as a function of phonetic and semantic stimuli, but personality types were
      not differentially sensitive to the manipulation. The same was true for the cued
      recall studies (Experiments 7 and 8); personality types were not differentially
      sensitive to the semantic and phonetic stimuli. Experiment 9 (paired-associate
      learning) was a replication of Schwartz's study. The authors found some support
      for the Schwartz hypothesis: Extraverted participants were adversely affected by
      semantic similarity. Overall, the findings did not provide much support for the
      arousal-accessibility hypothesis.

PMID- 9951410
TI  - Mass spectrometric analysis of lipo-chitin oligosaccharides--signal molecules
      mediating the host-specific legume-rhizobium symbiosis.
AB  - Lipo-chitin oligosaccharides (LCOs) are novel bacterial glycolipid signal
      molecules that mediate the species--specific symbiosis between rhizobial bacteria
      and leguminous plants. Nodulation of the legume roots and nitrogen-fixation in
      the resulting nodules by Rhizobia is controlled by the bacterial nodulation genes
      that encode the LCO biosynthetic enzymes. The length of the LCO chitin backbone,
      the length and degree of unsaturation of the fatty acyl chain attached to it, and
      the combination of different chemical substituents on the reducing- and
      nonreducing-terminal residues all contribute to the species--specificity of the
      signal. LCOs are bioactive in the nanomolar and subnanomolar concentration range
      and are produced as heterogeneous mixtures, making determination of their
      structures a difficult task, most successfully approached by the application of
      modern mass spectrometric methods in combination with specific chemical
      treatments aimed at identifying specific chemical moieties. This review presents
      an overview of these methods as they are being used for the structural
      elucidation of LCOs, and discusses the role of structural diversity in mediating
      species-specificity.

PMID- 9951411
TI  - Profiling of 2-aminoacridone derivatised glycans by electrospray ionization mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - Three different types of N-glycans, high-mannose, complex and hybrid, have been
      derivatised with 2-aminoacridone and analysed by electrospray mass spectrometry
      and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using a hybrid quadrupole orthogonal
      acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer, fitted with a nanoflow
      electrospray ion source. Relatively simple MS/MS fragmentation patterns have been
      observed for each type of glycan, allowing rapid elucidation of the order in
      which the monosaccharide residues making up these glycans are linked to one
      another.

PMID- 9951412
TI  - Accurate mass determinations for the confirmation and identification of organic
      microcontaminants in surface water using on-line solid-phase extraction liquid
      chromatography electrospray orthogonal-acceleration time-of-flight mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - The identification of polar microcontaminants in surface water is an important
      issue in environmental analysis. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)
      is frequently applied for this purpose. However, even in combination with tandem
      mass spectrometry (MS/MS), unambiguous identification of the compounds detected
      is often difficult. The potential of an alternative strategy, based on the
      ability of an orthogonal-acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer to
      routinely perform accurate mass determination at 10 ppm in on-line LC/MS, is
      explored. On-line solid-phase extraction LC electrospray orthogonal-acceleration
      time-of-flight mass spectrometry is shown to enable the determination of
      pesticides from various compound classes in surface water in the concentration
      range of 0.1 to 10 micrograms/L. In addition, the ability to discriminate and
      unambiguously identify pesticides in mixtures of isobaric and/or isomeric
      compounds is investigated.

PMID- 9951413
TI  - Role of urinary and cloacal bladders in chelonian water economy: historical and
      comparative perspectives.
AB  - The Parisian comparative anatomist Claude Perrault, dissecting an Indian giant
      tortoise in 1676, was the first to observe that the urinary bladder is of an
      extraordinary size in terrestrial tortoises. In 1799, the English comparative
      physiologist Robert Townson suggested that the bladder functioned as a water
      reservoir, as he had shown previously for frogs and toads. However, these
      observations went unnoticed in subsequent reports on tortoise water economy that
      were made by travellers and naturalists visiting the Galapagos Archipelago and
      marvelling over the huge numbers of giant tortoises that inhabited these desert
      like islands. The first such report was by an American naval officer, David
      Porter, who was a privateer in the 1812-15 war with England. In his journal he
      referred to the constant supply of water which the Galapagos tortoises carried
      with them. References to the location in the body, as well as the amounts and
      quality of the water stored, were, however, contradictory. The confusion
      concerning the anatomical identity of the water reservoir in the Galapagos
      tortoise, Geochelone elephantopus, persisted throughout the nineteenth century,
      and continued when studies of tortoise water economy and drinking behaviour in
      arid environments were taken up independently in the desert tortoise, Gopherus
      agassizii, which inhabits the desert regions in the south-western United States.
      In 1881 Cox found large sacs filled with clear water under the carapace, but it
      was half a century later that these sacs were identified as the large bilobed
      bladder; references to specific water sacs continued to appear in the literature
      until the 1960s. Since 1970, information on the water economy of desert tortoises
      has been obtained from extensive field studies. Rates of disappearance of
      tritiated water injected into the body have shown that during the drought periods
      of the summer, water turnover (intake) rates do not differ from the rates of
      metabolic water production. Under these conditions urine is not voided, but is
      stored in the large bladder. During a drought period the bladder urine increases
      from initially low osmolality finally to reach isosmolality with the blood
      plasma. Soluble K+ is the major cation of the urine, but large amounts of K+ are
      also present as precipitated urates. During a drought period the body is in
      negative water balance, but despite substantial losses of total body water, the
      plasma concentrations of Na+ and Cl- can remain constant for many months,
      indicating regulation of the extracellular fluid and water content of the body
      tissues by reabsorption of water from the urinary bladder. The bladder thus acts
      both as a store for nitrogenous waste and K+ and as a water reservoir during
      droughts. Following rain showers, there is a sharp decline in tritium activity
      correlated with copious drinking from temporary pools of rain water. The old
      bladder urine is voided and most of the water drunk is stored as a highly dilute
      urine. In 1676 Perrault observed that in a freshwater turtle, Emys orbicularis,
      but not in the giant tortoise, two other bladders opened into the cloaca. By the
      mid-twentieth century it had been established that these cloacal bladders
      typically were restricted to species of chelonians that led a semi-terrestrial or
      semi-aquatic life. The function of the bladders has been debated since Townson
      observed in 1799 that dehydrated freshwater turtles took up water by anal
      drinking, suggesting that anal drinking served in the water economy of semi
      terrestrial turtles. Since then, the bladders have been ascribed hydrostatic and
      respiratory functions, but the recent literature mostly argues for a respiratory
      function. The possible role of the cloacal bladders as a water reservoir in
      amphibious turtles is still open. Terrestrial amphibians and tortoises are unique
      among vertebrates in possessing large urinary bladders that may function as water
      reservoirs in dry environments. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)

PMID- 9951414
TI  - Frugivory and seed dispersal by vertebrates in the Oriental (Indomalayan) Region.
AB  - Current knowledge of frugivory and seed dispersal by vertebrates in the Oriental
      Region is summarized. Some degree of frugivory has been reported for many fish
      and reptile species, almost half the genera of non-marine mammals and more than
      40% of bird genera in the region. Highly frugivorous species, for which fruit
      dominates the diet for at least part of the year, occur in at least two families
      of reptiles, 12 families of mammals and 17 families of birds. Predation on seeds
      in fleshy fruits is much less widespread taxonomically: the major seed predators
      are colobine monkeys and rodents among the mammals, and parrots, some pigeons,
      and finches among the birds. Most seeds in the Oriental Region, except near its
      northern margins, are dispersed by vertebrate families which are endemic to the
      region or to the Old World. Small fruits and large, soft fruits with many small
      seeds are consumed by a wide range of potential seed dispersal agents, including
      species which thrive in small forest fragments and degraded landscapes. Larger,
      bigger-seeded fruits are consumed by progressively fewer dispersers, and the
      largest depend on a few species of mammals and birds which are highly vulnerable
      to hunting, fragmentation and habitat loss.

PMID- 9951416
TI  - Nitrogen dioxide in Australian homes: levels and sources.
AB  - Indoor nitrogen dioxide exposure has been associated with respiratory symptoms in
      children in many studies, but in Australia, levels and sources of nitrogen
      dioxide in homes have not been well-characterized. Therefore, as part of a larger
      indoor environmental study, conducted in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria, nitrogen
      dioxide was monitored using passive samplers in 80 homes. Samples were collected
      on five occasions over one year. Mean indoor levels were higher than outdoor
      levels, and a seasonal variation was evident, with highest levels recorded in
      winter. The overall median level was 11.6 micrograms/m3 (6.0 ppb), ranging from <
      0.7 to 246 micrograms/m3 (128 ppb). Major indoor nitrogen dioxide sources were:
      gas stoves, vented gas heaters, and smoking. Some 67% of variation in indoor
      nitrogen dioxide levels could be explained by presence of major sources, house
      age, and outdoor levels. Gas stoves were the main contributors.

PMID- 9951418
TI  - [Medical continuing education in oncology. The Editorial Committee].

PMID- 9951417
TI  - Ozone-monitoring in Mendoza, Argentina: initial results.
AB  - A series of continuous ambient tropospheric ozone measurements were taken in
      Mendoza, Argentina, for a period of one year starting in November 1995. The data
      obtained were analyzed in terms of diurnal and annual variation. Indications were
      found of the strong impact of the mountain-valley circulation system, which
      ventilates and considerably cleans the air in Mendoza. The data are discussed in
      comparison with air pollution in the German city of Leipzig. In Mendoza, the high
      concentration of precursors and the strong solar radiation contribute to high
      levels of ozone. In fact, monitoring reveals considerably lower concentrations
      than in Leipzig, owing to the diluting effect of local meteorology. The low-level
      jet is mainly active during the summer. It lowers the peak mid-day ozone
      concentration and produces a temporary concentration increase at night. The
      Environmental Protection Agency standard of a maximum one-hour mean concentration
      of 0.250 mg ozone/m3 (125 ppb) is never reached, and the World Health
      Organization standard of 0.113 mg ozone/m3 (56.5 ppb) is only rarely exceeded
      during winter.

PMID- 9951419
TI  - [The role of APC in colonic cancerogenesis: zeroing in on Myc].
AB  - The APC gene is mutated both in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and sporadic
      colorectal cancers. It had been previously shown that the APC gene product
      interacts with beta-catenin, a key element in the Wnt-1 signaling pathway. This
      pathway is initiated by the growth factor Wnt-1 and ends up in the nucleus where
      it activates transcription factors of the Lef/Tcf family although the targets of
      the latter were still unknown. This has just been accomplished by the
      identification of the c-MYC oncogene as the relevant target of the Wnt-1/APC
      pathway in the development of human colorectal cancers. Indeed, under appropriate
      conditions (presence of growth factors, for example), c-MYC is an essential
      determinant of cell proliferation.

PMID- 9951420
TI  - [Methodology and limitations of pre-clinical models for the development of
      anticarcinogenic chemotherapy combinations].
AB  - In chemosensitive tumors, cancer chemotherapy is active as drug combinations.
      During the development of new anticancer drugs, preclinical experimental models
      may help to design drug combinations. Indeed, in vitro models are able to define
      drug interactions in terms of synergism, additivity or antagonism, while in vivo
      models can evaluate therapeutic synergism along with toxicity in a clinical
      setting. The methodology for in vitro and in vivo evaluation of anticancer drug
      combinations is described. The limits are discussed. In conclusion, preclinical
      models contribute to the clinical development of drug combinations which are
      nevertheless designed on the basis of clinical therapeutic principles.

PMID- 9951421
TI  - [Positron emission tomography (PET) and (F-18)-fluorodeoxyglucose in (FDG) in
      cancerology].
AB  - Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a
      scintigraphic imaging technique undergoing a rapid growth in the field of
      oncology. The constant progress of the detectors, either CDET or PET dedicated
      cameras, allows to obtain in routine conditions images with a 5 mm spatial
      resolution. Absolute tracer uptake quantification is also possible, which allows
      to evaluate objectively therapy efficacy. The mechanisms of FDG tissular
      accumulation are now better understood. Increase of glycolysis and of
      transmembrane transport of glucose seems to be at the origin of the high tumorous
      accumulation of FDG. The main current oncologic application of FDG PET is the
      diagnosis of malignancy of the isolated pulmonary nodules, with a sensitivity of
      more than 95%, and in the staging of lung cancer where PET shows higher
      performances than conventional imaging. The same stands in cutaneous melanoma and
      for malignancies of the digestive tract, either in colorectal, pancreatic or
      esophageal localizations. In colorectal cancers, the role of PET has for long
      being recognized in the differential diagnosis between recurrence and
      postoperative fibrosis. In the head and neck tumors, FDG also allows to
      differentiate between recurrence and postradiation necrosis. In lymphoma, the
      most suitable site for biopsy can be identified on a PET scan and therapy
      efficacy can also be assessed. In breast cancer, the detection of metastases
      seems to be possible with FDG. In brain and thyroid cancers, the role of FDG PET
      remains to be further determined. The low uptake of FDG in prostate cancer
      metastasis is not in favor of its use in this indication. In conclusion, the
      indications of FDG PET in oncology are now becoming more precise and it can be
      expected that clinical PET centers will soon appear in France.

PMID- 9951422
TI  - [Use of antibodies or their fragments for the treatment of tumors].
AB  - During the last 15 years, various antibodies specific for antigens associated
      with determined types of cancer have been used therapeutically, including some in
      unlabeled forms as immune effectors. The results of clinical studies have been
      unpromising for patients with colorectal cancer at the advanced metastatic stage
      but much more favorable in terms of increased survival for the adjuvant situation
      of residual microscopic disease. Antibodies have also been used as carriers for
      cytotoxic substances, but with rather disappointing clinical results when they
      were labeled with toxins or antimitotic agents. The results have been variable
      for labeling with radionuclides (mainly iodine-131), some-times proving quite
      favorable for refractory forms of non-hodgkin's lymphomas or acute leukemias. In
      this last indication, radioimmunotherapy has been associated with chemotherapy to
      enhance action before a bone-marrow graft. However, the clinical results have
      been disappointing in the treatment of solid tumors, showing responses only in
      the case of small targets. In the future, treatment with antibodies will focus on
      microscopic tumors, in association with other therapeutic modalities especially,
      chemotherapy and biotherapy.

PMID- 9951423
TI  - [Adjuvant treatment of cancer of the breast: cost assessment of the protocol
      used].
AB  - In this study a cost analysis of therapeutics used in the adjuvant treatment of
      breast cancer has been performed. Four strategies were considered: chemotherapy
      (FEC, 6 courses), hormone therapy (tamoxifen, 20 mg/day during 3 years), the
      association of chemotherapy and hormone therapy, or standard follow-up with
      neither chemotherapy nor hormone therapy. The costs of these strategies were
      analysed according to the payer's perspective (social security system). In order
      to complete the economic data, specific investigations were performed at the
      Centre Oscar-Lambret (COL), a Cancer Center located in Lille (France). The study
      shows a high cost for chemotherapy (63,767 FF at 5 years) and a high cost for the
      association (68,891 FF), in comparison to the cost of hormone therapy alone
      (45,540 FF) or to the follow-up without adjuvant therapy (38,416 FF). These costs
      could be confronted to the efficacy data of these different strategies and to the
      cost of avoided relapses. Cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit ratios of these
      adjuvant strategies could then be assessed.

PMID- 9951424
TI  - [Quality of death certificates in cases of cancer death in France].
AB  - International mortality statistics are based on death certificates on which the
      causes of death are coded using the World Health Organization's International
      Classification of Diseases. Most of these statistics are based on the underlying
      cause of death and do not use the contributory causes of death. We studied the
      validity of death certificates in a sample of 1,194 French patients known to have
      died of cancer, comparing the cause of death reported on the death certificate
      with the cause of death found in the medical record. Death certificates correctly
      identify cancer as the cause of death in 95% of the cases and with the exact site
      in 86% of the cases.

PMID- 9951425
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NG-methylarginine
      hydrochloride in patients with septic shock. Glaxo Wellcome International Septic
      Shock Study Group.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To characterize the pharmacokinetics of L-NG-methylarginine in
      patients with septic shock. METHODS: This was an international, uncontrolled,
      open-label study of L-NG-methylarginine (546C88) therapy given to 32 patients
      with septic shock. It was conducted in hospital-based intensive care units that
      admit general surgical and medical patients. Patient cohorts received an infusion
      of L-NG-methylarginine at fixed dose rates of 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/h for
      up to 8 hours. The 5 dosing regimens were administered sequentially to separate
      groups of patients. RESULTS: Of the 32 patients studied, 23 received complete 8
      hour infusions. In the other 9 patients, the infusion was terminated prematurely
      within the first 1/2 to 4 hours. Median clearance of L-NG-methylarginine averaged
      485 mL/h/kg for the 1 and 2.5 mg/kg/h dosing cohorts combined but decreased to
      283, 181, and 98 mL/h/kg for the 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/h dosing cohorts,
      respectively. Median renal clearance was similar at 9 to 26 mL/h for the 1, 2.5,
      and 5 mg/kg/h dosing cohorts but increased to 156 and 284 mL/h for the 10 and 20
      mg/kg/h dosing cohorts, respectively. Median steady-state volume of distribution
      was similar in all 5 dosing cohorts, averaging 0.66 to 0.82 L/kg. CONCLUSIONS:
      The 80% decrease in clearance from 485 to 98 mL/h/kg with the increase in dose
      suggests that a predominant metabolic pathway(s) of L-NG-methylarginine,
      accounting for at least 80% of clearance, is becoming progressively saturable in
      association with L-NG-methylarginine infusion rates > or = 5 mg/kg/h. Therefore
      the use of L-NG-methylarginine infusion rates > or = 5 mg/kg/h are typically
      expected to result in progressive inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity.
      Consequently, patient hemodynamics should be monitored closely to avoid an
      excessive increase in vasomotor tone, which would be manifest by either an
      increase in mean arterial pressure or a decrease in cardiac output. The infusion
      rates of conventional vasopressor(s) (eg, norepinephrine [BAN, noradrenaline]) or
      L-NG-methylarginine or both may need to be reduced accordingly.

PMID- 9951426
TI  - Effect of clarithromycin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pimozide
      in healthy poor and extensive metabolizers of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6).
AB  - BACKGROUND: The use of pimozide is associated with prolongation of the QT
      interval and fatal ventricular arrhythmia. We recently reported 2 fatal cases in
      patients taking pimozide and clarithromycin and we have shown that clarithromycin
      inhibits CYP3A-mediated metabolism of pimozide in vitro. In this study, we
      examined the effect of clarithromycin on pimozide pharmacokinetics and QT
      interval changes in a total of 12 healthy subjects (7 men and 5 women),
      documented as extensive metabolizers or poor metabolizers of CYP2D6. METHODS: In
      a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, subjects were
      given a single 6-mg oral dose of pimozide after 5 days of treatment with
      clarithromycin (500 mg twice a day) or a placebo pill. Blood samples were
      obtained before and for 96 hours after pimozide administration, and plasma
      pimozide and clarithromycin concentrations were measured by HPLC.
      Electrocardiograms for the analysis of the QTc intervals were recorded
      immediately before each blood sample. RESULTS: Pimozide significantly lengthened
      QTc interval in the first 20 hours in both the placebo-treated groups (delta
      QTcmax = 13.3 +/- 5.3 ms; P = .003) and clarithromycin-treated groups (delta
      QTcmax = 15.7 +/- 9.5 ms; P = .005) compared with baseline values. This is
      consistent with an effect of the parent drug. Clarithromycin caused a significant
      increase in the peak plasma concentration (P = .015), terminal elimination half
      life (P = .003), and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (P = .024)
      and a decrease in the clearance (P = .029) of pimozide. Mean QTcmax observed
      within 20 hours of pimozide administration was significantly greater in the
      clarithromycin-treated group (23.8 +/- 12.2 ms; P = .0397) than in the placebo
      treated group (16.8 +/- 6 ms). There was no significant effect of CYP2D6 or
      gender on the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of pimozide. CONCLUSIONS: A
      single 6-mg oral dose of pimozide resulted in measurable QT interval changes.
      Clarithromycin inhibited CYP3A-mediated pimozide metabolism and the resulting
      elevation in plasma concentrations may increase the risk of pimozide
      cardiotoxicity.

PMID- 9951427
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cidofovir in renal insufficiency and in continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis or high-flux hemodialysis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cidofovir is an antiviral agent used for the treatment of
      cytomegalovirus infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
      Because cidofovir is primarily eliminated by the kidneys and because its main
      adverse effect is nephrotoxicity, an understanding of the pharmacokinetic
      disposition of cidofovir in patients with renal insufficiency is necessary.
      METHODS: Twenty-four subjects were enrolled into this study and were divided into
      6 groups depending on their degree of renal dysfunction, including subjects
      receiving maintenance continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and high-flux
      hemodialysis. The creatinine clearance (CLCR) for subjects not receiving dialysis
      ranged from 12 to 164 mL/min. Each subject received a single 0.5 mg/kg
      intravenous dose of cidofovir over 1 hour. Subjects not receiving dialysis were
      given intravenous hydration with 1 L normal saline solution and concomitant oral
      probenecid. Serial serum and urine samples were collected to determine
      pharmacokinetic parameters with use of noncompartmental methods. RESULTS: Mean +/
      SD cidofovir clearance (CL) in control subjects (normal renal function; n = 5)
      was 1.7 +/- 0.1 mL/min/kg, which decreased with declining renal function as
      indicated by the regression equation: CL (mL/min/kg) = 0.94 x CLCR (mL/min/kg) +
      0.064 (r2 = 0.91). Mean volume of distribution at steady state did not change
      significantly in subjects with kidney disease and cidofovir serum elimination
      half-life was significantly increased in subjects with severe renal impairment.
      Cidofovir was not significantly cleared during continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis, but high-flux hemodialysis resulted in the removal of 52% +/- 11% of
      the dose administered. CONCLUSION: The significant (P < .001) correlation
      observed between CLCR and CL in subjects with varying degrees of renal
      insufficiency indicates that aggressive dosage reduction of cidofovir would be
      necessary in subjects with kidney disease to ensure comparable drug exposure
      based on serum levels.

PMID- 9951428
TI  - Systemic and intestinal pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in patients with
      inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The pharmacokinetics of low-dose subcutaneous methotrexate have not
      been determined throughout the standard weekly dosing interval. It is not known
      whether methotrexate concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract are sufficient
      for pharmacologic activity in inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS: Ten patients
      with inflammatory bowel disease participated in the study. After the patients
      started taking 15 or 25 mg subcutaneous methotrexate once a week, erythrocyte
      methotrexate concentration was measured every 2 weeks. The absorption, rectal
      distribution, metabolism, and elimination of methotrexate were measured. The
      effect of methotrexate on proliferation of an intestinal epithelial cell line was
      determined. RESULTS: After weekly subcutaneous administration of methotrexate was
      begun, trough erythrocyte concentration rose to reach a plateau after 6 to 8
      weeks, ranging from 150 to 300 nmol/L. More than 90% of subcutaneously
      administered methotrexate was rapidly excreted in the urine. The methotrexate
      plasma time course after subcutaneous administration fit a 2-compartment first
      order model with biphasic elimination and trough concentration of about 1 nmol/L.
      Trough and peak methotrexate concentrations (mean value +/- SD) were 64 +/- 33
      and 206 +/- 64 fmol/mg in the rectal mucosa and 4 +/- 3 and 51 +/- 26 nmol/L in
      the rectal lumen. These methotrexate concentrations were in the range found to be
      pharmacologically active against Caco-2 cell growth, that is, a 50% inhibitory
      concentration from 10 to 46 nmol/L. CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous methotrexate was
      well absorbed and distributed to the site of the lesions in patients with
      inflammatory bowel disease. Methotrexate was concentrated intracellularly in
      blood and in the rectum. The methotrexate concentration in the rectal mucosa
      remained within a pharmacologically active range throughout the dosing interval.
      The findings represent a pharmacologic explanation for the sustained efficacy of
      weekly methotrexate therapy.

PMID- 9951429
TI  - Mixed-effects modeling of the pharmacodynamic response to the calcimimetic agent
      R-568.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The parathyroid cell calcium receptor is a novel drug target for
      affecting parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and for treating
      hyperparathyroidism. R-568 is a calcium receptor agonist that inhibits PTH
      secretion and increases calcitonin release in preclinical studies. The objective
      of this study was to evaluate the effect of R-568 on PTH plasma concentrations in
      humans. METHODS: Eighteen healthy postmenopausal women were included in the
      study. Single ascending oral doses of 10 to 400 mg were administered in a
      randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trial. PTH plasma concentrations were
      measured for up to 120 hours after each dose. RESULTS: R-568 caused a dose
      dependent decrease in plasma PTH, with peak effect observed within 1/2 to 2 hours
      after dosing. The maximum effect did not increase beyond doses from 80 to 160 mg,
      but duration of response increased at higher doses. An indirect-response model
      was developed to estimate the rates of input and output of the active
      moiety(ies), the inhibitory effect on PTH secretion, and the circadian
      variability in PTH. Population parameter estimates were 3.02 hour-1 and 0.49 hour
      1 for rates of input and output of the active moiety(ies), respectively, IA50
      (the unscaled amount of R-568 associated with 50% of Emax) was 16.3 mg, Emax (the
      maximum effect caused by R-568 expressed as a fraction of the rate of PTH
      secretion in the absence of any drug effect) was 89%, CPTH(baseline) (the
      baseline PTH plasma concentration in the absence of any drug effect) was 34.6
      pg/mL, KePTH (the elimination rate constant for PTH) was 1.73 hour-1, amplitude
      of the circadian variability in PTH secretion was 5.8%, and the time of peak PTH
      secretion occurred at about 6 PM. Intersubject variability in parameter estimates
      ranged from 7% to 121%, and residual variability was 22%. CONCLUSION: The model
      correctly described the onset, extent, and duration of effect on PTH after a wide
      range of doses of R-568.

PMID- 9951430
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill patients with acute renal failure
      undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Meropenem is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used for severe infections.
      In patients with chronic end-stage renal failure, meropenem clearance is reduced
      and doses must be adjusted according to the creatinine clearance. The aim of this
      study was to assess pharmacokinetic data of meropenem in patients with acute
      renal failure and to determine the amount of drug removed by continuous
      venovenous hemofiltration, an often-used renal replacement therapy in patients
      with acute renal failure. METHODS: Nine critically ill anuric patients with acute
      renal failure undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration received 500 mg
      meropenem 2 or 3 times daily. Plasma and hemofiltrate concentrations were
      determined during 1 dosing interval at steady state. Pharmacokinetic parameters
      were calculated for a 2-compartment open model and dose requirements were
      calculated. RESULTS: The total meropenem clearance was 52.0 +/- 8.4 mL/min, with
      a hemofiltration clearance of 22.0 +/- 4.7 mL/min and a nonrenal
      nonhemofiltration clearance of 29.9 +/- 5.4 mL/min; 235.9 +/- 88.6 mg, or 47.2%
      +/- 17.7%, of the dose were removed through continuous venovenous hemofiltration.
      The terminal elimination half-life was 8.7 +/- 3.5 hours and the volume of
      distribution at steady state was 12.4 +/- 1.8 L. Peak and trough concentrations
      for a dosing interval of 12 hours were 38.9 +/- 9.7 mg/L and 7.3 +/- 1.3 mg/L,
      respectively. The corresponding concentrations for a dosing interval of 8 hours
      were 44.7 +/- 10.4 mg/L and 11.9 +/- 0.7 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSION:
      Pharmacokinetic data of anuric patients with acute renal failure were similar to
      those of patients with end-stage renal failure. Because hemofiltration
      contributes significantly to meropenem elimination, the recommended dose for
      critically ill anuric patients receiving continuous venovenous hemofiltration
      should be increased by 100% to avoid potential underdosing.

PMID- 9951431
TI  - Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme in human hand veins.
AB  - Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II likely occurs in human veins,
      supporting the existence of endothelial angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
      activity in these vessels. Using the dorsal hand vein technique, we investigated
      the effects of 2 ACE inhibitors, captopril (single oral dose of 6.25 mg) and
      enalaprilat (local infusion of 1 microgram/min), on venous responsiveness in
      healthy subjects. Orally administered captopril induced a marked decrease in
      angiotensin I- but not angiotensin II-induced venoconstriction. This blunted
      response persisted for at least 4 hours. Enalaprilat and captopril increased the
      sensitivity to bradykinin, decreasing the dose producing half-maximal response
      (ED50) of bradykinin 18-fold and 5-fold, respectively, without changing the
      maximal venodilatory response. These results confirm that there is substantial
      rapid metabolism of angiotensin I in human veins and suggest that a single dose
      of locally infused angiotensin I can be used with the dorsal hand vein technique
      to assess the time-course effect of vascular ACE inhibition after oral
      administration. Our findings also extend previous in vitro observations in human
      veins by showing that these agents potentiate the venodilatory effects of
      bradykinin in vivo.

PMID- 9951432
TI  - Analgesic efficacy of a combination of hydrocodone with ibuprofen in
      postoperative pain.
AB  - Two randomized, double-blind, parallel-group single-dose 2 x 2 factorial
      analgesic studies compared a single-dose or a 2-tablet dose of a combination of
      7.5 mg hydrocodone bitartrate with 200 mg ibuprofen with each constituent alone
      and with a placebo in women with moderate or severe postoperative pain from
      abdominal or gynecologic surgery. A nurse-observer recorded patient reports of
      pain intensity and pain relief periodically for 8 hours. In both studies, the
      combination was significantly superior to placebo for sum of the pain intensity
      differences (SPID), total pain relief (TOTPAR), peak pain intensity difference
      (PID) and pain relief, global evaluation, and time to remedication. The
      combination was likewise significantly superior to both hydrocodone and ibuprofen
      for most of these summary measures of analgesia. In a factorial analysis, both
      the hydrocodone and ibuprofen effects were significant for most summary measures
      of analgesia, whereas results of the interaction contrast were consistent with
      the concept that the analgesic effect of the combination represents the additive
      analgesia of its 2 constituents.

PMID- 9951433
TI  - Ontario joins prenatal HIV-screening movement.

PMID- 9951434
TI  - Physicians and breast examination.

PMID- 9951435
TI  - Secondhand smoke and statistical analysis.

PMID- 9951436
TI  - Smoking out the tobacco connection.

PMID- 9951437
TI  - Two solitudes.

PMID- 9951438
TI  - Med students as emotional chameleons.

PMID- 9951439
TI  - Prevalence of risk factors associated with human papillomavirus infection in
      women living with HIV. Canadian Women's HIV Study Group.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Concurrent infection with HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV) in women
      is associated with increased rates of cervical dysplasia and shorter survival
      following the development of cervical cancer. The authors examined risk factors
      for HPV infection at study entry in HIV-positive women enrolled in the Canadian
      Women's HIV Study, a prospective open cohort study. METHODS: Subjects eligible
      for this analysis included the 375 HIV-positive women in the Canadian Women's HIV
      Study for whom HPV test results were available. Questionnaires on behavioural and
      clinical information, Pap smears, cervicovaginal lavage specimens and vaginal
      tampon specimens for HPV detection and typing by polymerase chain reaction were
      obtained at study entry. RESULTS: Overall, 67.2% (252/375) of the women were HPV
      positive; the global prevalence of intermediate- and high-risk oncogenic HPV
      types was 49.1% (184/375). Women with squamous cell dysplasia (32/294) were more
      likely to have HPV infection than those without dysplasia (90.6% v. 62.6%; p =
      0.002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis, with adjustment for number of
      lifetime partners and history of STD, revealed that the following risk factors
      were independently associated with HPV infection: CD4 count of less than 0.20 x
      10(9)/L (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.99 [95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.17-3.37 (p
      = 0.011)]), non-white race (adjusted OR 2.00 [95% Cl 1.17-3.42 (p = 0.011)]),
      inconsistent condom use in the 6 months before study entry (adjusted OR 2.02 [95%
      Cl 1.16-3.50 (p = 0.013)]), and lower age, with women age 30-39 years (adjusted
      OR 0.51 [95% Cl 0.30-0.87 (p = 0.013)]) and age 40 years or older (adjusted OR
      0.52 [95% Cl 0.26-1.01 (p = 0.052)]) compared with women less than 30 years of
      age. INTERPRETATION: Close monitoring for HPV-related effects is warranted in all
      HIV-positive women, particularly younger, non-white women who do not always use
      condoms. Counselling for women living with HIV, particularly younger women,
      should emphasize the importance of regular cytological screening, with increasing
      frequency as the CD4 count falls.

PMID- 9951440
TI  - Survey of use of malaria prevention measures by Canadians visiting India.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Imported malaria is an increasing problem, particularly among new
      immigrant populations. The objective of this study was to determine the malaria
      prevention measures used by Canadians originating from a malaria-endemic area
      when returning to visit their country of origin. METHODS: A 35-item English
      language questionnaire was administered by interview to travellers at a departure
      lounge at Pearson International Airport, Toronto, between January and June 1995.
      Information was collected on subject characteristics, travel itinerary,
      perceptions about malaria, and pretravel health advice and malaria
      chemoprophylaxis and barriers to their use. RESULTS: A total of 324 travellers
      departing on flights to India were approached, of whom 307 (95%) agreed to
      participate in the study. Participants were Canadian residents of south Asian
      origin with a mean duration of residence in Canada of 12.8 years. Most of the
      respondents were returning to visit relatives for a mean visit duration of 6.8
      weeks. Although 69% of the respondents thought malaria was a moderate to severe
      illness and 54% had sought advice before travelling, only 31% intended to use any
      chemoprophylaxis, and less than 10% were using measures to prevent mosquito
      bites. Only 7% had been prescribed a recommended drug regimen. Family
      practitioners were the primary source of information for travellers and were more
      likely to prescribe an inappropriate chemoprophylactic regimen than were travel
      clinics or public health centres (76% v. 36%) (p = 0.003). Respondents who had
      lived in Canada longest and those with a family history of malaria were more
      likely to use chemoprophylaxis (p < 0.01). INTERPRETATION: Few travellers were
      using appropriate chemoprophylaxis and mosquito prevention measures.
      Misconceptions about malaria risk and appropriate prevention measures were the
      main barriers identified.

PMID- 9951441
TI  - Trends in the incidence of testicular germ cell cancer in Ontario by histologic
      subgroup, 1964-1996.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Testicular cancer is rare but is notable because it affects mainly
      young men. The incidence of this disease has been increasing in developed
      countries throughout the world for several decades. The authors examined trends
      in the incidence of testicular germ cell cancer in Ontario for the period 1964
      1996 according to the 2 main histologic groups, seminoma and non-seminoma.
      METHODS: Data on incident cases of testicular germ cell cancer diagnosed in
      Ontario residents aged 15-59 years between 1964 and 1996 were extracted from the
      population-based Ontario Cancer Registry. Annual rates of testicular cancer for
      the 2 histologic groups were analysed by means of log-linear regression to
      estimate average annual percent change. RESULTS: Between 1964 and 1996 the
      incidence of testicular germ cell cancer increased by 59.4%, from 4.01 to 6.39
      per 100,000. This corresponded to an average annual increase of about 2% for both
      nonseminoma and seminoma. The relative increase in incidence was greatest in the
      lowest age group (15-29 years) for both histologic groups, although the data
      suggest that the incidence of nonseminoma cancer in this age group began to
      decline in the early 1990s. The increase in incidence appears to be due to a
      birth cohort effect, with more recent cohorts of men at increased risk.
      INTERPRETATION: The rise in the incidence of testicular germ cell cancer, not
      only in Ontario but also in many developed countries, requires investigation. The
      search for explanatory factors should focus on exposures whose prevalence may
      have increased over the past few decades and that are common enough to affect
      population incidence. The similarity of trends for seminoma and nonseminoma
      cancer suggests that the underlying risk factors are likely the same.

PMID- 9951442
TI  - Antileukotrienes, asthma pathogenesis and the pharmaceutical industry.

PMID- 9951443
TI  - The return of swamp fever: malaria in Canadians.

PMID- 9951444
TI  - Why is the rate of testicular cancer increasing?

PMID- 9951445
TI  - Antileukotriene agents in asthma: the dart that kills the elephant?
AB  - THE PERSISTENCE OF AIRWAY INFLAMMATION is believed to cause the mechanical
      changes and symptoms of asthma. After decades of research, a new class of
      medication has emerged that focuses on leukotrienes, mediators of inflammation.
      These substances are potent inducers of bronchoconstriction, increased vascular
      permeability and mucus production, and they potentiate the influx of inflammatory
      cells in the airways of patients with asthma. In this article the author reviews
      the development, mechanism of action, and clinical and toxic effects of the
      leukotriene synthesis inhibitors and receptor antagonists that are entering the
      North American market. These agents can decrease airway response to antigen,
      airway hyperresponsiveness and exercise-induced asthma. They are also effective
      inhibitors of ASA-induced symptoms. Although few published studies are available,
      the antileukotrienes seem almost as effective in the management of chronic asthma
      as low-dose inhaled corticosteroids, and their use permits a decrease in the
      frequency of use or dose of corticosteroids. Further evaluation and clinical
      experience will determine the position of targeted inhibition of the leukotriene
      pathway in the treatment of asthma.

PMID- 9951448
TI  - 229 people, 15,000 body parts: pathologists help solve Swissair 111's grisly
      puzzles.
AB  - Only 1 of the 229 passengers and crew members killed when Swissair Flight 111
      crashed off Nova Scotia in September was visually identifiable. Identifying
      everyone else on board involved medical and dental detective work of the first
      order.

PMID- 9951446
TI  - Prostate cancer: 9. Treatment of advanced disease.
AB  - A 70-year-old man is referred to a urologist for recommendations on the
      management of metastatic prostate cancer. His cancer was diagnosed 5 years ago,
      and he underwent radical prostatectomy at that time. The tumour was confined to
      the prostate gland (Gleason score 7), and during surgery the lymph nodes were
      assessed as being clear of cancer. Before the surgery, the patient's prostate
      specific antigen (PSA) level had been 8 ng/mL. After the prostatectomy, PSA was
      at first undetectable, but recently the PSA level rose to 2 ng/mL and then, at
      the most recent test, to 16 ng/mL. A bone scan was ordered to investigate back
      discomfort, which has been persistent but easily controlled with acetaminophen.
      Unfortunately, the bone scan shows several sites of metastatic disease. The man's
      medical history includes type 2 diabetes, which has developed during the past 3
      years and which is controlled by diet, as well as asymptomatic hypertension,
      which is managed by means of a thiazide diuretic. The patient asks what
      treatments are available, what impact they are likely to have on his disease and
      what risks are associated with the therapies.

PMID- 9951447
TI  - Breast cancer online: helping patients navigate the Web.

PMID- 9951449
TI  - No hospital is an island when it comes to Y2K bug.
AB  - If a recent meeting on the millennium bug is any indication, Canada's health care
      facilities have plenty to worry about as the year 2,000 approaches. Topics
      discussed included the state of readiness within the health care sector and
      potential legal issues that may arise.

PMID- 9951450
TI  - [Modulation of osteoblastogenesis: implications for pathophysiology of
      osteoporosis].

PMID- 9951451
TI  - [Congenital cardiovascular malformations and chromosome microdeletions in
      22q11.2].
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Congenital cardiovascular (c-v) malformations are the
      leading signs of two syndromes of highly variable phenotypes, the DiGeorge
      syndrome (DGS) and the velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS), both of which in the
      majority of cases are caused by microdeletion in the chromosome region 22q11.2.
      It was the aim of this study to ascertain the frequency of these chromosomal
      abnormalities in patients with unselected congenital cardiovascular malformation,
      and to assess the type of c-v malformation for which microdeletion analysis of
      the mentioned region would be indicated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The cohort
      consisted of 90 patients with congenital c-v malformations (35 males, 55 females;
      mean age 3.6 years (19th week of pregnancy-36 years). Most of them were newborns.
      The c-v anomalies were: ventricular septal defect (n = 20), pulmonary atresia
      (10), Fallot's tetralogy (9), truncus arteriosus communis (6), aortic valve
      stenosis (6), atrioventricular canal (6), type B interrupted aortic arch (5),
      atrial septal defect (5), tricuspid atresia (4), hypoplastic left heart syndrome
      (4), persisting ductus arteriosus (3), pulmonary valve stenosis (3), complete
      (third degree) atrioventricular block (2), Ebstein's anomaly (1), tachycardia (1)
      and enlarged right atrium (1). Four of 14 fetuses included in this study had
      complex cardiac anomalies that could not be definitively classified. Cytogenetic
      karyotype analysis was unremarkable in all cases. Microdeletion detection was
      done by fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization (FISH). RESULTS: 14 of the 90 cases
      (about 16%) showed microdeletion in the examined chromosomal region 22q11.2.
      Among the group with microdeletion were aortic arch interruption (5/5),
      ventricular septal defect (2/20). Fallot's tetralogy (1/9) and atrial septal
      defect (1/5). All the deletion carriers had other signs of the DGS/VCFS complex.
      One parent each in two of the microdeletion patients had the same microdeletions.
      CONCLUSION: In patients with congenital c-v and associated malformations of
      dysmorphism microdeletion diagnosis of 22q11.2 by FISH is indicated in addition
      to conventional cytogenetic testing. The incidence of this microdeletion seems to
      be especially high among patients with type B interrupted aortic arch.

PMID- 9951452
TI  - [Shy-Drager syndrome: a rare cause of orthostatic hypotension].
AB  - HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 71-year-old man was admitted because of
      treatment-resistant orthostatic hypotension of unknown aetiology. When aged 64
      years he developed some impotence and later urinary incontinence and urinary
      frequency. At 68 years he noted vertigo on physical activity, and a year later he
      had signs of reversible cerebral ischaemia. At this point the Schellong test
      demonstrated vasovagal circulatory dysfunction. After his 70th birthday the
      unsteadiness on walking and standing got worse and he had recurrent syncopes. He
      was in a wheel-chair when hospitalized and even the unsteady walk he could
      maintain for only a few seconds. INVESTIGATIONS: Plasma and urinary
      concentrations of catecholamines were at the lower limit of normal but failed to
      increase during orthostasis. Hormonal, cardiological and infectious causes of the
      orthostatic hypotension were excluded. Orthostatic tests after Schellong and with
      the tilting table showed orthostatic hypotension without increased sympathetic
      activity but hypertensive blood pressure levels during the recumbent period.
      Intravenous infusion of norepinephrine produced an excess rise in blood pressure
      (raised norepinephrine sensitivity). The recurrent urinary infection was shown to
      be due to a hypotonic bladder detrusor muscle. Neurological examination revealed
      cerebellar dysfunction, signs of pyramidal tract abnormality and sensory
      polyneuropathy. A Shy-Drager syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of the history,
      absent blood pressure rise and lack of catecholamine release during orthostasis
      with increased epinephrine sensitivity and characteristic neurological signs.
      TREATMENT AND COURSE: Physiotherapy and elastic stockings with administration of
      mineralocorticoids as well as of one direct (norfenefrine) and one indirect
      (amezinium) sympathomimetic drug failed to improve adequately the abnormal
      orthostatic response. But on additional administration of an alpha 2-receptor
      antagonist (yohimbine) the patient was able to stand and walk for a few minutes,
      but the urinary incontinence and the other neurological signs remained treatment
      resistant. CONCLUSION: If orthostatic hypotension occurs together with
      neurological symptoms, a Shy-Drager syndrome should be taken into account.

PMID- 9951453
TI  - [Angioleiomyoma of the gallbladder: a rare cause of hemobilia in a patient on
      dialysis].
AB  - HISTORY AND FINDINGS: Acute colicky upper abdominal pain occurred in a 47-year
      old man on renal dialysis who also had chronic recurrent pancreatitis. On
      physical examination he was noted to be slightly jaundiced and he had slight pain
      when the liver edge was palpated. A few days later melaena developed and the
      haemoglobin concentration fell from normal levels to 6.9 g/dl. INVESTIGATIONS:
      Serology gave no evidence of acute pancreatitis, but biochemical tests indicated
      cholestasis. Ultrasonography revealed widening of the intra- and extrahepatic
      biliary tract. Endoscopic retrograde cholecystopancreatography demonstrated
      bleeding from the biliary tract (haemobilia) as the source of the bleeding.
      Selective angiography of the coeliac trunk showed extravasation in the region of
      the gallbladder. TREATMENT AND COURSE: As a vascular anomaly in the gallbladder
      was suspected, a cholecystectomy was performed. The surgical specimen revealed an
      angioleiomyoma of the gallbladder. The postoperative course was without
      complications and there was no further haemobilia. CONCLUSIONS: Haemobilia is a
      relatively rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It is usually due to
      trauma (accidental or iatrogenic) to the liver or the biliary tract. Rarely, as
      in this case, it can be caused by a benign mesenchymal neoplasm. Clotting
      disorder in uraemia or intermittent heparin administration for dialysis may in
      this patient have contributed to the bleeding.

PMID- 9951454
TI  - [Raloxifene].

PMID- 9951455
TI  - [New noninvasive procedure of diagnosing bile leaks: spiral CT cholangiography].

PMID- 9951456
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of congenital myasthenia syndrome].

PMID- 9951457
TI  - [The right of the management committee to participate in decisions concerning the
      distribution of coworker physicians' funds. Decision of the Federal Labor Court
      on 16 June 1998].

PMID- 9951459
TI  - [HIV, hepatitis, influenza: new antiviral agents].

PMID- 9951458
TI  - [Successful lysis therapy of inferior vena cava and iliofemoral venous thrombosis
      in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II].

PMID- 9951460
TI  - Linear nevus sebaceous syndrome.

PMID- 9951461
TI  - Cosmetic surgery.

PMID- 9951462
TI  - Intraoperative mitomycin C for pterygium surgery.

PMID- 9951463
TI  - Physical standards and military service.

PMID- 9951464
TI  - Vitreous change in retinitis pigmentosa.

PMID- 9951465
TI  - Conjunctival flaps or phototherapeutic keratectomy?

PMID- 9951466
TI  - Malignant nonteratoid medulloepithelioma.

PMID- 9951467
TI  - Can ethical guidelines save our professionalism?

PMID- 9951468
TI  - Associations of antioxidant enzymes with cataract and age-related macular
      degeneration. The POLA Study. Pathologies Oculaires Liees a l'Age.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Oxidative mechanisms may play an important role in the etiology of
      cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The authors present the
      level of two antioxidant enzymes in relation to cataract and AMD. DESIGN:
      Population-based, cross-sectional study on cataract and AMD and their risk
      factors. PARTICIPANTS: This study includes 2584 participants recruited among the
      residents of the town of Sete (in the south of France), who were 60 years of age
      or older. INTERVENTION/METHODS: Cataract was defined on the basis of slit-lamp
      examination, according to the Lens Opacities Classification System III, and AMD
      on the basis of fundus photographs according to an international classification.
      Biologic measurements were made centrally from blood samples for which the
      patient fasted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The presence of early and late AMD and of
      subcapsular, cortical, nuclear, and mixed cataracts was assessed and related to
      the levels of plasma glutathione peroxidase and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase.
      RESULTS: After multivariate adjustment, higher levels of plasma glutathione
      peroxidase (pIGPx) were significantly associated with a ninefold increase in late
      AMD prevalence, a sixfold increase in cortical cataract, and a twofold increase
      in nuclear and mixed cataracts. High levels of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase
      (SOD) activity were not associated with late AMD and early signs of AMD but were
      associated with a twofold increase in nuclear cataract. CONCLUSION: The authors
      show here, for the first time, a strong association of high levels of pIGPx with
      age-related eye diseases. High levels of SOD also are associated with increased
      risk of nuclear cataract. More data are needed at the biochemical and
      epidemiologic levels for a better understanding of these findings.

PMID- 9951469
TI  - Randomized clinical trial of a new dexamethasone delivery system (Surodex) for
      treatment of post-cataract surgery inflammation.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of Surodex Drug Delivery System (Oculex
      Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) containing dexamethasone 60 micrograms, for
      use in cataract surgery, and to compare its anti-inflammatory efficacy with
      conventional dexamethasone 0.1% eyedrops. DESIGN: Randomized, masked, and
      partially controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty eyes of 60 Asian patients
      undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation
      were examined. Of these, 28 eyes of 28 patients served as control eyes. Patients
      were stratified for age and presence of diabetes mellitus. INTERVENTION: Surodex
      was inserted in the anterior chamber of 32 eyes at the conclusion of surgery.
      These eyes received placebo eyedrops four times a day after surgery for 4 weeks.
      Control eyes received neither Surodex nor a placebo implant but were prescribed
      conventional 0.1% dexamethasone eyedrops four times a day for 4 weeks. MAIN
      OUTCOME MEASURES: Anterior chamber cells and flare were clinically graded at the
      slit lamp. Anterior chamber flare was objectively assessed with the Kowa FM500
      Laser Flare Meter (Kowa Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) for up to 3 months after surgery.
      Intraocular pressure and corneal endothelial specular microscopy with
      morphometric cell analysis were performed for up to 1 year after surgery.
      RESULTS: Clinical slit-lamp assessment of anterior chamber flare and cells showed
      no difference between Surodex-treated eyes and dexamethasone eyedrop-treated
      eyes. Flare meter readings showed lower flare levels in the Surodex group at all
      postoperative visits compared with the dexamethasone eyedrop group. Flare
      reduction in the Surodex group reached statistical significance at days 4, 8, 15,
      and 30 after surgery. At 3 months, flare was reduced to preoperative levels in
      the Surodex group but was still raised in the dexamethasone eyedrop group. Five
      eyes in the dexamethasone eyedrop group required augmentation of steroids and
      were deemed therapeutic failures as opposed to one eye in the Surodex group. One
      patient in the dexamethasone eyedrop group developed postoperative open-angle
      glaucoma with profound visual field loss and optic disc cupping, resulting in
      hand movements vision. No significant difference in endothelial cell loss was
      noted between Surodex-inserted eyes and dexamethasone eyedrop-treated eyes for up
      to 1 year after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular placement of a single Surodex
      is a safe and effective treatment method to reduce intraocular inflammation after
      cataract surgery. There was no statistical difference in efficacy between Surodex
      and 0.1% dexamethasone eyedrops in reducing intraocular inflammation, as measured
      by clinical methods, while Surodex was clearly superior to eyedrops in reducing
      aqueous flare as objectively assessed with the laser flare meter.

PMID- 9951470
TI  - Influence of cataract surgery on progression of lens opacities in the fellow eye.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether, in the Italian-American natural history study,
      cataract surgery in one eye influences the incidence/progression rate of lens
      opacities in the fellow eye. DESIGN: Follow-up study of age-related cataract.
      PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1399 participants with age-related cataracts were
      regularly followed for 5 years and cataract status evaluated by the Lens
      Opacities Classification System II on slit-lamp and retroillumination lens
      photographs. A total of 228 participants had cataract surgery in 1 eye during the
      study period, and 192 had sufficient follow-up visits to be included in the
      analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The incidence/progression of cataract was defined
      as two or more consecutive visits with a severity grade greater than the baseline
      grade. RESULTS: When entered into a Cox model, incidence/progression of specific
      cataract types was not associated with cataract surgery on the fellow eye and was
      not significantly different from that observed in participants who had no
      cataract surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Cataract extraction does not influence
      incidence/progression rate of specific lens opacities in the fellow eye.

PMID- 9951471
TI  - Suprachoroidal hemorrhage during pars plana vitrectomy. Risk factors and
      outcomes.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH) is an uncommon but serious
      complication of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) that can be associated with a guarded
      visual prognosis. The purpose of this study is to document the risk factors and
      outcomes of this complication. DESIGN: Case-control study of consecutive cases of
      intraoperative SCH occurring during PPV (n = 36) and controls of PPV
      uncomplicated by SCH (n = 116). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline systemic and
      ocular characteristics, intraoperative findings, surgical procedures, and final
      anatomic and visual outcomes were measured. RESULTS: Significant risk factors for
      the development of SCH during PPV included high myopia (22% of cases vs. 5% of
      controls), history of retinal detachment (RD) surgery (61% vs. 22%),
      rhegmatogenous RD (97% vs. 60%), use of cryotherapy (75% vs. 33%), scleral
      buckling at the time of PPV (50% vs. 19%), external drainage of the subretinal
      fluid (22% vs. 2%), and intraoperative systemic hypertension. In the 34 SCH cases
      with 3 months' or more follow-up, the final visual acuity was 20/200 or greater
      in 11 (32%), count fingers in 5 (15%), hand movement in 7 (21%), light perception
      in 7 (21%), and no light perception in 4 (12%). In the 106 controls with 3
      months' or more follow-up, the final visual acuity was 20/200 or greater in 79
      (75%), count fingers in 20 (19%), hand movement in 5 (5%), light perception in 1
      (1%), and no light perception in 1 (1%). In the eyes with SCH, 17 (50%) had
      persistent RD, 10 (33%) had secondary glaucoma develop, and 8 (24%) became
      hypotonic. The visual and anatomic outcomes of the SCH cases were significantly
      worse than those in the control group (P < 0.001). The visual outcome was more
      favorable if the SCH did not extend into the posterior pole (P = 0.002).
      Attempted intraoperative drainage of SCH was not associated with a better
      outcome. CONCLUSION: Risk factors for the development of intraoperative SCH
      during PPV are high myopia, previous RD surgery, rhegmatogenous RD, cryotherapy,
      scleral buckling, external drainage of subretinal fluid, and intraoperative
      systemic hypertension. Anatomic and visual outcomes are significantly worsened
      after this complication.

PMID- 9951472
TI  - The effect of the surgeon and the laser wavelength on the response to focal
      photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of the surgeon and the wavelength of laser
      used on the response to focal photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema.
      DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-four matched pairs
      of cases by two different retina surgeons in the study of surgeon influence were
      examined. Sixty-nine matched pairs of cases using dye yellow versus argon green
      laser treatment in the study of wavelength influence also were studied. In both
      studies, eyes were matched for the only patient-dependent variables affecting
      outcome: age, initial visual acuity, follow-up time, and diabetic control by diet
      versus any other method. INTERVENTION: Focal laser photocoagulation for
      clinically significant diabetic macular edema was performed. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURE: Visual acuity at 6 months follow-up was measured. RESULTS: For the study
      in which the only difference was the surgeon, at 6 months follow-up the mean
      difference in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity
      was -0.045, 95% confidence interval (-0.160, 0.070). For the study in which
      wavelength varied, at 6 months the mean difference in logMAR visual acuity was 
      0.048, 95% confidence interval (-0.147, 0.052). The power of the surgeon study to
      detect a difference in the logMAR visual acuity of 0.3 is 88% and of the
      wavelength study to detect this difference is 99%. CONCLUSION: In looking at the
      6-month visual outcome after focal laser photocoagulation for clinically
      significant diabetic macular edema, different fellowship trained surgeons and the
      choice of green or yellow wavelength had no effect on the treatment outcome.

PMID- 9951473
TI  - New surgical approach for removing massive foveal hard exudates in diabetic
      macular edema.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of surgical removal of foveal hard exudates in
      diabetic macular edema and to determine the expression of vascular endothelial
      growth factor (VEGF) in the excised specimens. DESIGN: Cohort study.
      PARTICIPANTS: Seven eyes of six patients with massive subfoveal hard exudate due
      to diabetic macular edema were examined. The average age of the patient was 56
      years (range, 46-60 years). INTERVENTION: Pars plana vitrectomy for removal of
      massive foveal exudates was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperative and
      postoperative visual acuity and complications were recorded; immunohistochemical
      staining for VEGF and other cell markers for macrophage and pigment epithelial
      cells in excised specimens was performed. RESULTS: Postoperative best-corrected
      visual acuity improved by two or more lines of Snellen equivalent in five eyes
      (71%) (P = 0.0061). VEGF, identified by anticytokeratin and CD68 antibodies, was
      expressed in pigment epithelial cells and macrophages invading the hard exudates.
      CONCLUSION: Surgical removal of foveal hard exudates might be effective in low
      vision patients with diabetic maculopathy. VEGF might play a role in the
      formation and persistence of foveal hard exudates in diabetic macular edema.

PMID- 9951474
TI  - Yearly rates of rod and cone functional loss in retinitis pigmentosa and cone-rod
      dystrophy.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To provide the first measures of the relative rates of rod and cone
      functional loss in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or cone-rod dystrophy
      (CRD). DESIGN: Five-year, prospective natural history study. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety
      six patients (67 with RP and 29 with CRD) retaining measurable rod-mediated
      visual function and 5 normal subjects were tested at baseline and annually for 4
      consecutive years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tests of visual function included
      visual acuity, dark-adaptation thresholds, dark-adapted static perimetry, and rod
      and cone computer-averaged electroretinograms (ERGs), which were obtained over a
      range of retinal illuminances. Intervisit variability for each measure was
      obtained in a subset of patients who were tested twice within a 2-month interval
      and was used to determine whether an individual patient had shown progression,
      regression, or no change over a particular study interval. RESULTS: Over a 4-year
      interval, a significant number of patients with RP (60%) and CRD (62%) showed a
      decline in cone ERG amplitude. For rod ERG amplitude, the percentage of patients
      with RP or CRD showing progression was 64% and 45%, respectively. Although visual
      acuity, dark-adapted threshold, and rod visual field area also declined
      significantly over the 4-year period, the mean rate of change and the numbers of
      patients showing progression on these measures were lower than those for ERG
      measures. On specialized ERG testing, the yearly change in rod ERG threshold in
      RP was greater than the yearly change in cone ERG threshold, and the rate of
      progression varied significantly among inheritance types. For patients with CRD,
      the yearly change in rod threshold was comparable to the yearly change in cone
      ERG threshold. CONCLUSIONS: This study helps to define the natural progression of
      rod-mediated and cone-mediated functional loss in patients with RP and CRD.

PMID- 9951475
TI  - Noninvasive mapping of the normal retinal thickness at the posterior pole.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Objective and sensitive measurements of the retinal thickness at the
      posterior pole are useful to detect and delineate macular edema or retinal
      atrophy. The authors therefore developed an instrument, the Retinal Thickness
      Analyzer (RTA), to map the retinal thickness rapidly. The RTA was used to study
      the normal thickness at the posterior pole and to provide a pilot baseline.
      DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A green (540-nm) laser slit was focused
      on the retina via a scanning mirror placed at the conjugate plane of the pupil.
      The intersection between the laser slit and the retina was viewed at an angle and
      recorded by a video camera. Nine scans, each acquired in 200 to 400 msec, covered
      the central 20 degrees of the fundus. PARTICIPANTS: The posterior pole was mapped
      in 29 normal subjects 19 to 76 years of age (mean, 48 years). RESULTS: The
      thickness maps matched the posterior pole anatomy. Points with maximum thickness
      were located in the perifovea in a C-shaped manner extending from the disc to
      above and below the fovea. The local variation (standard deviation) in retinal
      thickness among the subjects was, on average, 15 microns. Age, gender, and race
      did not have a large effect (< 35 microns) on the values. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid
      scanning thickness analysis with the RTA provides a detailed map of the retinal
      thickness. The relatively narrow range of thickness values in normal subjects
      indicates that the method may provide a sensitive detection of pathologic
      thickening or thinning of the retina.

PMID- 9951476
TI  - The use of confocal scanning laser tomography in the evaluation of retinal
      elevation in age-related macular degeneration.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of using confocal scanning laser
      tomography in the analysis of macular topography in patients with subfoveal
      choroidal neovascularization associated with age-related macular degeneration
      (AMD) and to analyze quantitatively the changes in topography after local
      strontium-plaque radiation therapy. DESIGN: Prospective case series.
      PARTICIPANTS: A total of 16 eyes with subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes
      (CNVM) treated with strontium-90 (90Sr)-plaque radiation therapy and 16 fellow
      eyes of 16 patients were examined. INTERVENTION: Confocal scanning laser analysis
      of macular surface topography before and after irradiation of the macula was
      performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Parameters describing the height and volume of
      the retinal elevation in the macula were measured. RESULTS: The maximum height of
      the macular lesion at baseline was 0.25 mm (standard deviation [SD], 0.12 mm) in
      eyes showing regression of the CNVM during follow-up and 0.34 mm (SD, 0.19 mm) in
      eyes showing continued growth of the CNVM. During follow-up, a mean decrease in
      the maximum height of the macular lesion ranging from 0.03 to 0.10 mm occurred in
      eyes with regression of the CNVM, whereas the mean maximum height increased by
      0.07 to 0.15 mm during follow-up visits in eyes with continued growth of the
      CNVM. All parameters describing the mean height and volume of the lesion also
      decreased significantly in patients showing angiographic regression, whereas they
      increased or remained unchanged in patients with continuous growth of the CNVM
      despite irradiation. The corresponding parameters also were higher in fellow eyes
      with untreated CNVM than in eyes without exudative AMD. CONCLUSIONS: Confocal
      scanning laser tomography can be used to monitor the amount of the change in
      neurosensory detachment in AMD. The parameters obtained by confocal scanning
      laser tomography correlate with CNVM perfusion after 90Sr-plaque radiation
      therapy. This technology is a useful tool for objective evaluation of morphologic
      change after institution of new therapeutic methods for the treatment of AMD.

PMID- 9951477
TI  - Surgical results of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical success of patients with persistent
      hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) and to identify preoperative indicators of
      visual outcome. DESIGN: Noncomparative case series. METHODS: The diagnosis of
      PHPV was made in 35 eyes of 27 patients from 1982 to 1994. In each case, anterior
      and/or posterior PHPV findings, preoperative testing, surgical procedures, and
      visual outcomes were documented. Twenty-nine of 35 eyes were managed surgically.
      Follow-up ranged from 2 months to 12 years. RESULTS: Of the 35 eyes, 2 (5.7%) had
      strictly anterior PHPV, 8 (22.9%) had strictly posterior PHPV, and 25 (71.4%) had
      components of both anterior and posterior disease. Initial lensectomy and
      vitrectomy was performed in 24 eyes (68.6%). Surgery was withheld in four eyes
      secondary to severity of disease with an unrecordable visual-evoked potential
      (VEP). Reoperation rate was 32.3% for membrane reproliferation, glaucoma,
      vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, or strabismus. Best-corrected final
      visual acuity ranged from 20/60 to no light perception. Six eyes (17%) maintained
      Snellen visual acuity despite posterior PHPV with some degree of retinal
      dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of PHPV can result in functional
      visual outcome despite posterior segment involvement. The degree of ocular
      malformation, however, will ultimately limit the amount of visual improvement.
      Preoperative testing, including VEP, may aid in determining surgical candidates.

PMID- 9951478
TI  - Indocyanine green angiographic features in ocular sarcoidosis.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine indocyanine green (ICG) angiographic features and
      evaluate the extent of choroidal involvement in proven cases of posterior ocular
      sarcoidosis. DESIGN: Nonrandomized controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS: Nineteen
      patients (14 females, 5 males; average age, 56 +/- 4 years) with clinically
      typical posterior sarcoidosis (biopsy-proven in 6 cases and fulfilling the other
      diagnostic criteria in 13 cases) participated, with 10 control subjects (average
      age, 48 +/- 7 years). Criteria for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis were a positive
      biopsy result or the presence of at least three of the following four criteria:
      elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme, elevated lysozyme, cutaneous
      anergy, and hilar lymph node enlargement. INTERVENTION: Indocyanine green
      angiography was performed according to a standard angiographic protocol used in
      inflammatory disorders. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Indocyanine green angiographic
      features and proportion of choroidal inflammatory involvement were measured.
      RESULTS: Indocyanine green angiographic features could be classified into four
      main patterns. The first pattern is hypofluorescent choroidal lesions in the
      early and intermediate phases, irregularly distributed, invisible on funduscopy
      or fluorescein angiography, and localized in the midperiphery (63% of patients),
      in the macula (11%) or in both regions (26%) with an average dot diameter of 0.31
      +/- 0.03 disc diameters. These lesions either became isofluorescent in the late
      phase of the angiogram (Type 1, present in all patients) or remained
      hypofluorescent (Type 2, present in 84% of patients). The second pattern is focal
      hyperfluorescent pinpoints visible in the intermediate and late phases (in 89% of
      patients). The third pattern is fuzzy choroidal vessels with leakage in the
      intermediate phase of the angiogram, and the fourth pattern is diffuse late zonal
      choroidal hyperfluorescence with staining in the late phase of the angiogram,
      both features being present in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Indocyanine green
      angiography allowed the authors to assess and quantify the hitherto unknown
      extent of choroidal involvement in ocular sarcoidosis. Furthermore,
      characteristic ICG findings might represent an additional valuable tool for
      diagnosing and monitoring this disease.

PMID- 9951479
TI  - Choroidal tuberculosis diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction. A
      clinicopathologic case report.
AB  - PURPOSE: To show the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a
      granulomatous choroidal lesion to support a diagnosis of tuberculosis. DESIGN:
      Observational case report. TESTING: Nucleic acid target amplification of a
      choroidal specimen using PCR for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was
      tested. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Positive nucleic acid target amplification for M.
      tuberculosis in the ocular sample was measured. RESULTS: PCR was positive for M.
      tuberculosis with appropriate negative controls. CONCLUSIONS: PCR was thought to
      be a useful supportive technique in the diagnosis of choroidal tuberculosis.

PMID- 9951480
TI  - Choroidal abnormalities in Behcet disease observed by simultaneous indocyanine
      green and fluorescein angiography with scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine choroidopathy in patients with Behcet disease. DESIGN:
      Prospective clinical study. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-three patients (63 eyes) with
      Behcet disease. INTERVENTION: Patients underwent simultaneous indocyanine green
      (ICG) and fluorescein angiography with a double detector of scanning laser
      ophthalmoscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Angiographic findings recorded on
      videotapes were evaluated. The relation of angiographic findings with systemic
      activity and aqueous inflammation was also analyzed. RESULTS: Fluorescein
      angiography showed leakage in varying degrees from retinal vessels in 30 patients
      (53 eyes, 84%). The ICG angiographic findings were choroidal vascular wall
      staining in 16 eyes (25%), hyperfluorescent spots in 42 eyes (66%) and
      hypofluorescent plaques in 22 eyes (35%), both of which were not evident with
      fluorescein, leakage from choroidal vessels in 3 eyes (5%), and irregular filling
      of choriocapillaris in 11 eyes (17%). These findings did not have a statistically
      significant correlation with the presence or absence of aqueous inflammation or
      oral aphthous ulcerations. CONCLUSIONS: The patients with Behcet disease showed
      choroidal abnormalities, which could be revealed only by ICG angiography, but not
      with funduscopy or fluorescein angiography. Simultaneous ICG and fluorescein
      angiography would be useful for examining choroidal lesions in Behcet disease.

PMID- 9951481
TI  - Ultrasound biomicroscopy as a tool for detecting and localizing occult foreign
      bodies after ocular trauma.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To show the utility of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in imaging small
      ocular foreign bodies of the anterior segment. DESIGN: Retrospective case series.
      PARTICIPANTS: Twelve eyes of 12 consecutive patients evaluated in the emergency
      department or referred to specialty services at 1 institution between August 1994
      and November 1997 were examined. INTERVENTION: Ocular ultrasound biomicroscopy
      was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Detection and localization of an ocular
      foreign body were measured. RESULTS: An intraocular or superficial foreign body
      was detected by UBM in 9 (75%) of 12 eyes. The foreign body was classified as
      corneal in two eyes, subconjunctival in two, intrascleral in three, and
      intraocular in two eyes. The foreign body was not visible by ophthalmic physical
      examination in seven of the nine eyes with a confirmed ocular foreign body. In
      the remaining two eyes, UBM was used to determine the depth of a visible foreign
      body. In three of the eyes with a confirmed foreign body, computed tomography
      and/or contact B-scan ultrasonography was obtained and failed to show a foreign
      body. Six of the foreign bodies were nonmetallic. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical detection
      of ocular foreign bodies after trauma can be hindered by small size, haziness of
      the optical media, poor patient cooperation, or hidden location. Ultrasound
      biomicroscopy is a valuable adjunct in the evaluation of suspected ocular foreign
      bodies, especially in cases involving small, nonmetallic objects.

PMID- 9951482
TI  - The effects of carotid endarterectomy on the retrobulbar circulation of patients
      with severe occlusive carotid artery disease. An investigation by color Doppler
      imaging.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of carotid endarterectomy on the retrobulbar
      circulation of patients with severe occlusive carotid artery disease (OCAD) by
      means of color Doppler imaging (CDI). DESIGN: Prospective. PARTICIPANTS: A total
      of 17 consecutive patients with severe OCAD and neurologic symptoms (with a
      history of transitory ischemic attack or cerebral vascular accident)
      participated. INTERVENTION: All 17 patients underwent carotid endarterectomy. The
      CDI of both orbits was performed by one masked investigator before surgery and at
      1 week and 1 month after surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Peak systolic velocity,
      end diastolic velocity, and resistive index of the ophthalmic, central retinal,
      and temporal short posterior ciliary arteries were measured. The authors compared
      the hemodynamic parameters at all intervals. RESULTS: Peak systolic and end
      diastolic velocities in the ophthalmic, central retinal, and temporal short
      posterior ciliary arteries increased significantly 1 week and 1 month after
      carotid endarterectomy (P < 0.05). After surgery, the resistive indices in the
      central retinal and temporal short posterior ciliary arteries decreased
      significantly at both intervals (P < 0.05). The six patients who had reversed
      ophthalmic artery flow before surgery showed forward ophthalmic artery flow after
      carotid endarterectomy. The contralateral orbits showed no significant
      hemodynamic change after endarterectomy (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Hemodynamic
      changes in patients with severe OCAD undergoing carotid endarterectomy suggest
      improvement in the ipsilateral retrobulbar blood flow.

PMID- 9951483
TI  - Optociliary veins in optic nerve sheath meningioma. Indocyanine green
      videoangiography findings.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To report the indocyanine green videoangiography (ICG-V)
      characteristics of optociliary veins (OV) in optic nerve sheath meningioma
      (ONSM). DESIGN: Case series. PARTICIPANTS: Four eyes (patients) with OV and ONSM
      were examined. INTERVENTION: Indocyanine green videoangiography and intravenous
      fluorescein angiography (IVFA) were prospectively performed. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: The course of OV in ONSM cases was observed with ICG-V and IVFA.
      RESULTS: On ICG-V, the course of OV was followed from their origin at small
      tributaries of the central retinal vein, their junction with choroidal veins, and
      finally to their drainage in the vortex venous system. The authors found an
      inverse relationship between the degree of optic disc edema and the development
      and ease of visualization of the optociliary veins and their draining course
      through the choroidal circulation. The mean time from the injection of
      indocyanine green to the visualization of OV's draining choroidal vessels was
      35.4 seconds (range, 25.4-50 seconds). Intravenous fluorescein angiography
      allowed visualization of OV only at the margins of the optic disc in all cases.
      CONCLUSION: Indocyanine green videoangiography provides important and new
      information in cases with OV and ONSM that is not obtained with IVFA. Such
      information may provide important knowledge regarding the hemodynamics of the
      choroidal circulation in normal and pathologic states.

PMID- 9951484
TI  - Agreement and repeatability of infrared pupillometry and the comparison method.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of the widely used
      comparison method of measuring pupil size. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
      PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen eyes of seven healthy myopic subjects were examined.
      INTERVENTION: Two examiners made two repeated measures of pupil diameters of 14
      eyes using Rosenbaum card comparison pupillometry and infrared pupillometry.
      Subjects fixated on a distant visual acuity chart, and pupils were measured under
      three luminance conditions. The agreement and inter-rater repeatability of both
      methods were determined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes were pupil diameters,
      limits of agreement, and coefficient of repeatability of two examiners. RESULTS:
      The mean difference between the two techniques ranged from 0.3 to 0.5 mm. The
      limits of agreement within two standard deviations ranged from 2.4 to 2.8 mm.
      Coefficient of repeatability ranged from 0.6 to 1.4 mm for infrared pupillometry
      and 1.0 to 1.2 mm for Rosenbaum pupillometry. Inter-rater repeatability of
      Rosenbaum pupillometry was consistently pupil diameter biased. Pupil diameters
      measured with the Rosenbaum method were consistently larger than diameters
      measured with the infrared technique for both examiners under all luminance
      conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that although the mean difference in
      techniques was small, the range of the agreement between the Rosenbaum and the
      infrared techniques was large. The Rosenbaum method consistently overestimated
      pupil diameters and was subject to inter-rater repeatability bias. Rosenbaum
      pupillometry may not be appropriate when accurate pupil measurements are
      required. The results have implications for many clinical trials in
      ophthalmology, including those evaluating refractive surgery that use Rosenbaum
      comparison pupillometry.

PMID- 9951485
TI  - Early strabismus surgery for thyroid ophthalmopathy.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine whether strabismus surgery during active thyroid
      ophthalmopathy is beneficial for selected patients. DESIGN: Case series.
      PARTICIPANTS: Eight patients with severe restrictive strabismus due to thyroid
      ophthalmopathy underwent early strabismus surgery and were followed for a minimum
      of 16 months after their initial surgery. INTERVENTION: All eight patients
      underwent strabismus surgery while their thyroid ophthalmopathy was evolving.
      MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Success was determined by the ability to fuse in the
      primary position at distance and near without an abnormal head position, and the
      absence of vision-threatening complications related to strabismus surgery.
      RESULTS: All eight patients achieved successful long-term alignment. Four
      patients (50%) required more than one operation. CONCLUSIONS: Strabismus surgery
      during active thyroid ophthalmopathy can result in long-term stable alignment and
      may be a useful alternative in selected patients with marked disability due to
      thyroid ophthalmopathy.

PMID- 9951486
TI  - Ocular abnormalities in Alagille syndrome.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the type and frequency of ocular abnormalities occurring in
      Alagille syndrome (AS) in a large group of affected patients and their parents
      and the potential pathogenetic role of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency. DESIGN:
      Observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-two children with AS and 23 of
      their parents participated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants underwent full
      ophthalmic examination, including refraction, orthoptic examination, keratometry,
      slit-lamp examination, and funduscopy. Corneal diameter measurement was performed
      in a subset of nine and fluorescein angiography in a subset of six. Serum levels
      of vitamins A and E and cholesterol were measured. RESULTS: The most common
      ocular abnormalities in patients with AS were posterior embryotoxon (95%), iris
      abnormalities (45%), diffuse fundus hypopigmentation (57%, a previously
      unreported finding), speckling of the retinal pigment epithelium (33%), and optic
      disc anomalies (76%). Microcornea was not associated with large refractive
      errors, and visual acuity was not significantly affected by these ocular changes.
      Vitamin levels were normal. Ocular abnormalities including posterior embryotoxon,
      iris abnormalities, and optic disc or fundus pigmentary changes were detected in
      one parent in 36% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Alagille syndrome is associated with a
      characteristic group of ocular findings without apparent serious functional
      significance and probably unrelated to fat-soluble vitamin deficiency. Simple
      ophthalmic examination of children with neonatal cholestatic jaundice and their
      parents should allow early diagnosis of AS, eliminating the need for extensive
      and invasive investigations.

PMID- 9951488
TI  - Primary temporal fossa dermoid cysts. Characterization and surgical management.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To detail the characteristics and management of rarely reported and
      incompletely described dermoid cysts originating in the temporal fossa. DESIGN:
      Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: Five patients ranging from 2 to 38 years
      of age with a mass in the temporal region (posterior to the lateral orbital rim)
      participated. INTERVENTION: Computed tomography (CT) and excisional biopsy were
      performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical and CT characteristics and surgical
      outcomes were measured. RESULTS: Computed tomography showed cystic lesions,
      originating from the region anterior to the confluence of the greater wing of the
      sphenoid, frontal, and zygomatic bones. Displacement of the anteriormost portion
      of the temporalis muscle was common. Three cysts were isolated to the temporalis
      fossa, while two showed more extensive bony erosion and extension into the
      cranial and orbit cavities. At surgical excision, gross rupture of the cysts was
      noted in two cases, and two were completely liquefied. Histopathology showed
      variable inflammation surrounding all of the dermoid cysts. All patients did well
      after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Dermoid cysts may infrequently occur "primarily" in
      the temporal fossa. Bone involvement and anterior temporalis muscle displacement
      are common. An origin from the area anterior to the confluence of the greater
      wing of the sphenoid, frontal, and zygomatic bones is seen. A coronal approach
      facilitates wide exposure and excision. When dural extension is suggested on CT,
      neurosurgical assistance may be required.

PMID- 9951487
TI  - Unilateral proptosis in an immunocompetent man as the initial clinical
      manifestation of systemic Hodgkin disease.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Orbital involvement in Hodgkin disease (HD) is rare. Previously
      reported cases of HD in patients without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
      have been diagnosed late in the course of established systemic disease. The
      authors describe an immunocompetent man with orbital infiltration as the initial
      manifestation of systemic HD. DESIGN: Case report. PARTICIPANTS: A 47-year-old
      man with acute progressive, painless proptosis of the left eye is described.
      INTERVENTION: A well-defined, homogeneous soft tissue mass of the superior left
      orbit was evident on computed tomography, and an incisional biopsy of the
      nontender mass was performed. RESULTS: The histopathologic findings were
      characteristic of HD. Systemic investigations showed clinical stage 3A HD. Ten
      months after completion of hybrid chemotherapy, the patient remained in complete
      remission from his HD. CONCLUSION: Hodgkin disease presenting initially in the
      orbit of a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been described
      previously. The patient presented in this report is the first case of HD in the
      recent English literature with the initial manifestation in the orbit of an
      otherwise immunocompetent patient.

PMID- 9951489
TI  - The prevalence of herpes family virus DNA in the conjunctiva of patients positive
      and negative for human immunodeficiency virus using the polymerase chain
      reaction.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To help understand the pathogenesis of herpes family virus ocular
      infection among patients positive for HIV, the authors compared the rates of
      detection of herpes family virus DNA from the conjunctiva of patients who are
      positive and negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using the polymerase
      chain reaction (PCR). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: The
      conjunctival scrapings of 30 patients positive for HIV and 30 patients negative
      for HIV were examined. INTERVENTION: PCR was used to assay for the presence of
      herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus
      (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA (n = 240 samples). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:
      The rate of detection of virus DNA in the two groups, controlling for age,
      gender, and race, was measured. RESULTS: HSV and VZV DNA were not detected in any
      of the HIV-positive or HIV-negative samples. CMV DNA was detected in 20% (6 of
      30) of patients positive for HIV and was undetected in control subjects negative
      for HIV (P = 0.01). EBV DNA was detected in 40% (12 of 30) of patients positive
      for HIV and in 47% (14 of 30) of control subjects negative for HIV (P = 0.58).
      CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in the frequency of detection of HSV, VZV,
      or EBV DNA from the conjunctiva of patients positive or negative for HIV. Only
      CMV DNA was detected at a significantly higher rate in the conjunctiva of
      patients positive for HIV compared with control subjects negative for HIV. These
      different rates of peripheral virus shedding may be one possible explanation for
      the different rates of clinical infection among the herpes family viruses among
      patients positive for HIV.

PMID- 9951490
TI  - Pure ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. A distinct immunopathologic subset of
      cicatricial pemphigoid.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine whether ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) may represent
      a distinct immunopathologic disease when it is pure ocular cicatricial pemphigoid
      (POCP) (e.g., only confined to the conjunctiva) or when it is associated with
      skin or extraocular mucous membrane lesions or both (OCP+). DESIGN: Prospective,
      immunologic, and immunopathologic study with special emphasis on direct
      immunoelectron microscopy. PARTICIPANTS: Six patients with POCP and seven
      patients with OCP+. INTERVENTION: After informed consent was obtained, a
      conjunctival biopsy was performed in all patients. Skin and extraocular mucosa
      biopsy specimens were harvested in selected cases only. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
      Results of direct immunofluorescence and direct immunoelectron microscopy without
      freezing on conjunctival and skin biopsy specimens, indirect immunofluorescence,
      and Western immunoblotting analysis were analyzed. RESULTS: Results of direct
      immunoelectron microscopic examination of the conjunctiva showed the presence of
      immune deposits in the upper lamina lucida of the basement membrane zone in the
      six patients with POCP, whereas the immune reactants were located in the lower
      part of the lamina lucida and in the lamina densa of the basement membrane zone
      (conjunctiva, buccal mucosa, and skin) in the seven patients with OCP+. Direct
      immunofluorescence was positive in the biopsy specimens of three patients with
      POCP (50%) and the seven patients with OCP+ (100%). Results of indirect
      immunofluorescence study showed circulating autoantibody levels only in two
      patients with OCP+, and results of Western immunoblot analysis were negative.
      CONCLUSIONS: Results of direct immunoelectron microscopic examination of the
      conjunctiva support the hypothesis that POCP may be a disease entity distinct
      from mucocutaneous cicatricial pemphigoid.

PMID- 9951491
TI  - A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled parallel study of loteprednol
      etabonate 0.2% in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of loteprednol etabonate (LE) 0.2% in reducing
      the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. DESIGN: Randomized,
      double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel group multicenter study of 6 weeks
      duration. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 135 patients with signs and symptoms of
      seasonal allergic conjunctivitis participated. INTERVENTION: All patients
      received either LE 0.2% or placebo (vehicle) four times a day in both eyes for 42
      days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bulbar conjunctival injection (primary sign) and
      itching (primary symptom) over the first 2 weeks of treatment was measured.
      RESULTS: A reduction in severity was seen in both LE and placebo groups for
      bulbar conjunctival injection (1.5 vs. 1.0 units on a 0-3 scale) and itching (3.4
      vs. 3.0 units on a 0-4 scale) over the first 2 weeks. The treatment effect by
      these measures was -0.5 and -0.4 units in favor of LE (P < or = 0.008).
      Resolution (i.e., the proportion of patients with signs or symptoms no longer
      present) at day 14 strongly favored LE-treated patients (36% and 15%; 58% and
      38%, for injection and itching, respectively). Both treatments were well
      tolerated. One patient in each treatment group (1 of 67 and 1 of 68,
      respectively) had an elevation of intraocular pressure of 10 mmHg or greater
      during the 6 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Loteprednol etabonate 0.2% was more
      effective than placebo in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.
      Loteprednol etabonate 0.2% had a safety profile comparable to placebo.

PMID- 9951492
TI  - Mycophenolate mofetil. A useful immunosuppressive in inflammatory eye disease.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (Cellcept,
      Roche), a potent selective uncompetitive and reversible inhibitor of ionisine
      monophosphate dehydrogenase involved in purine synthesis, as an immunosuppressive
      and steroid-sparing agent in the management of ocular inflammatory disease.
      DESIGN: Open-label, prospective, uncontrolled pilot study. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven
      patients with uncontrolled ocular inflammation. INTERVENTION: Mycophenolate
      mofetil, at a dosage of 1 g twice daily, was given in conjunction with steroids,
      as a steroid-sparing agent, or as an additional agent with cyclosporine (CsA), or
      instead of CsA or azathioprine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The inflammatory response,
      side effects, and toxicity were monitored. RESULTS: The addition of MMF to
      immunosuppressive regimens led to the improvement in symptoms and the ability to
      reduce the dose of prednisone in most patients. Ten of 11 patients showed a
      favorable response to MMF, with few side effects noted. CONCLUSION: These
      findings suggest that MMF is a useful immunosuppressive drug for controlling
      ocular inflammation with minimal side effects.

PMID- 9951493
TI  - Comparison of tranexamic acid and prednisolone in the treatment of traumatic
      hyphema. A randomized clinical trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Oral antifibrinolytics, oral steroids, and no oral treatment are the
      preferred medical treatments for traumatic hyphema. Antifibrinolytics and
      steroids have decreased the chance of rebleeding in some studies but failed to
      alter the clinical course in others. Rate of secondary hemorrhage seems variable
      among different geographic and ethnic groups of patients. Comparison of the
      treatments in each population is necessary to document the most effective method
      of preventing recurrent hemorrhage. DESIGN: Randomized, placebo-controlled,
      clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred thirty-eight patients in whom hyphema
      developed after a blunt trauma entered the study. INTERVENTION: Eighty patients
      received 75 mg/kg per day oral tranexamic acid (TA) divided into 3 doses, 80
      patients received a placebo with the same number of tablets and frequency as
      those of the TA group, and 78 patients received 0.75 mg/kg per day oral
      prednisolone divided into 2 doses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Secondary hemorrhage
      during the hospital course was measured. RESULTS: Secondary hemorrhage occurred
      in 8 patients (10%) of the TA group, 14 patients (18%) of the prednisolone group,
      and 21 patients (26%) of the placebo group. The difference between the incidence
      of rebleeding between TA and placebo groups was statistically significant (P =
      0.008). Patients receiving a placebo had a greater chance of secondary bleeding
      than did patients receiving TA (odds ratios = 3.2; 95% confidence interval = 1.3,
      7.5). The incidences of rebleeding were not significantly different in placebo
      versus prednisolone groups (P = 0.21) and TA versus prednisolone groups (P =
      0.15). CONCLUSION: In a population with a high rate of secondary bleeding, TA is
      more effective than oral prednisolone or no oral treatment in preventing
      rebleeding among patients with traumatic hyphema.

PMID- 9951494
TI  - An analysis of risk for secondary hemorrhage in traumatic hyphema.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Factors such as size of hyphema, intraocular pressure, initial visual
      acuity, and use of steroids or antifibrinolytic drugs may be associated with the
      likelihood of rebleeding in traumatic hyphema. The association of the visual
      outcome with secondary hemorrhage has been questioned. DESIGN: Randomized,
      placebo-controlled, clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred and thirty-eight
      patients who had hyphema develop after blunt trauma. INTERVENTION: Eighty
      patients received oral tranexamic acid, 80 patients received placebo, and 78
      patients received oral prednisolone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Secondary hemorrhage
      and vision at the time of discharge from the hospital were measured. RESULTS:
      Rebleeding occurred in 43 (18%) of the patients and was prevented significantly
      by oral tranexamic acid compared with the placebo (odds ratios [OR] = 0.39; 95%
      confidence interval [CI], 0.17, 0.89). Occurrence of secondary hemorrhage had
      weak associations with initial high intraocular pressure (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 0.99,
      7.3) and initial visual acuity of 6/60 or less (OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 0.9, 3.7).
      Secondary hemorrhage had no statistical association with age, gender, oral
      prednisolone, size of hyphema, and retinal damage. Visual acuity of 6/60 or less
      at the time of discharge was significantly associated with rebleeding (OR = 10.5;
      95% CI, 3.7, 29.2), initial visual acuity of 6/60 or less (OR = 9.9; 95% CI, 2.8,
      38.0), retinal damage (OR = 14.6; 95% CI, 3.8, 55.8), and male gender (OR = 6.5;
      95% CI, 1.4, 31.9). Final visual acuity had no significant statistical
      association with age, use of oral prednisolone or tranexamic acid, and size of
      hyphema. CONCLUSIONS: High intraocular pressure and low vision at the time of
      first examination may be associated with increased chance of rebleeding. Retinal
      damage, secondary hemorrhage, male gender, and initial poor vision are associated
      with a worse visual outcome in patients with traumatic hyphema.

PMID- 9951495
TI  - The additive effect of latanoprost to maximum-tolerated medications with low
      dose, high-dose, or no pilocarpine therapy.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of latanoprost additive therapy in patients
      with intraocular pressure (IOP) out of control while taking maximum-tolerated
      medications and to determine whether pilocarpine therapy has a dose-dependent
      adverse effect on the efficacy of latanoprost therapy. DESIGN: Noncomparative
      case series. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-one eyes of 61 patients with chronic glaucoma
      with IOP out of control while receiving maximum-tolerated medications were
      treated with latanoprost additive therapy on a compassionate basis. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: Follow-up was up to 22 months with a mean of 13.9 +/- 5.7 months.
      Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with Mantel-Cox log-rank test was performed to
      determine the overall success of latanoprost additive therapy and to compare the
      success rates of high-dose pilocarpine, low-dose pilocarpine, and no pilocarpine
      therapies. The criterion for success was avoiding glaucoma surgery with IOP
      decrease of 20% or greater and final IOP less than 22 mmHg. The IOP change and
      its significance for patients satisfying and failing the criterion for success
      also were determined to assess the latanoprost additive therapy. In addition, a
      number of pretreatment variables, including pilocarpine therapy, were analyzed
      for a significant effect on the efficacy of latanoprost additive therapy using
      Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS: Latanoprost additive
      therapy significantly lowered mean IOP by 3.9 +/- 5.5 mmHg at 3 months and by 3.5
      +/- 5.8 mmHg at 12 months. The cumulative success rate of the latanoprost
      additive therapy was 70% at 1 month, 42% at 3 months, 40% at 6 months, and 30% at
      12 months. Of the variables studied, only increased number of previous incisional
      glaucoma surgeries and IOP greater than 24 mmHg before latanoprost additive
      therapy were significant prognostic factors for failure of latanoprost additive
      therapy. Pilocarpine therapy in any dose had no significant effect. CONCLUSION:
      This study supports a trial of latanoprost additive therapy before glaucoma
      surgery in patients with IOP out of control while receiving maximum-tolerated
      medications irrespective of pilocarpine therapy and the pilocarpine dosage,
      especially when the number of previous incisional glaucoma surgery is less than
      three and the IOP is less than 25 mmHg.

PMID- 9951496
TI  - Scoring systems for measuring progression of visual field loss in clinical trials
      of glaucoma treatment.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To compare the statistical properties of two visual field scoring
      systems used by clinical trials of glaucoma treatments with a view to their
      performance as longitudinal measures of visual field progression. DESIGN: Cohort
      study comparing the scoring systems used by the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention
      Study (AGIS) and the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS) using
      pairs of visual fields (C-30-2 of the Humphrey Analyzer) spaced 1 year apart.
      PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-seven eyes of 56 subjects with glaucomatous visual field loss
      from a natural history study of glaucoma were examined. METHODS: Because both
      scoring systems are scaled so that they range from 0 to 20, the AGIS and CIGTS
      scores were compared by scatterplot, Pearson correlation, and the mean difference
      between scores. The difference between pairs of scores 1 year apart was used to
      compare the temporal variability of each scoring system. The proportion of
      subjects whose visual field "deteriorated" in 1 year by the amount specified for
      unconfirmed progression in each clinical trial was calculated. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: Mean difference in scores 1 year apart and the variance of these
      differences were measured. RESULTS: The median scores for the first of the two
      fields was 5.2 (interquartile range [IQR] = 9.8) for CIGTS and 5.0 (IQR = 7.0)
      for AGIS. The CIGTS scores were slightly larger than AGIS scores by an average of
      0.5 (P = 0.06). The mean CIGTS score of the baseline fields was 0.06 (standard
      deviation = 3.8) higher than the mean of the second fields and 0.12 (standard
      deviation = 2.8) higher for AGIS. Fifteen percent of eyes had CIGTS scores that
      deteriorated by three or more (the cutoff for unconfirmed progression) over 1
      year, while 7.5% of eyes had AGIS scores that deteriorated by four or more (the
      AGIS cutoff for unconfirmed progression) over the same period. Twenty-one percent
      improved by CIGTS criteria, while 12% improved by AGIS criteria. CONCLUSIONS:
      CIGTS scores are systematically slightly higher than AGIS scores. The CIGTS
      scoring system has higher temporal variability than the AGIS system. The CIGTS
      criterion for unconfirmed progression over a 1-year period is likely to lead to
      higher estimated rates of progression than the AGIS criteria. This is mostly
      because of the difference in the definition of progression between the two study
      criteria.

PMID- 9951497
TI  - Combined penetrating keratoplasty and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate corneal graft survival and intraocular pressure control in
      eyes that have undergone combined penetrating keratoplasty and trabeculectomy
      with mitomycin C (MMC). DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative case series.
      INTERVENTION: Penetrating keratoplasty combined with trabeculectomy with MMC and
      other surgical procedures. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-four eyes of 22 patients
      undergoing combined penetrating keratoplasty and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C.
      MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Corneal graft clarity and intraocular pressure control.
      RESULTS: The cumulative probability of corneal graft survival was 85% at 1 year
      and 60% at 2 years. The cumulative probability of adequate pressure control was
      67% at 3 months, 55% at 12 months, and 50% at 24 months. The incidence of bleb
      failure was higher in cases involving additional concomitant procedures, such as
      anterior vitrectomy, lens implantation or exchange, and drainage tube
      implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Combined penetrating keratoplasty and trabeculectomy
      with mitomycin C is associated with good corneal graft survival but also a risk
      of early failure of intraocular pressure control. Other concomitant procedures
      during the combined penetrating keratoplasty/trabeculectomy may increase the risk
      of early bleb failure.

PMID- 9951498
TI  - The associations between self-rated vision and hearing and functional status in
      middle age.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To describe the associations between self-reported visual and hearing
      impairment and an index of global functional status among community-dwelling,
      middle-aged Americans. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 9744
      U.S. community-dwelling persons 51 to 61 years of age participated. METHODS:
      Multivariate analyses of functional status based on cross-sectional data from
      Wave I (1992) of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), controlling for
      demographic and socioeconomic status, common chronic medical conditions, and
      general health status, were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: A global index of
      functional status based on self-reported limitations in 17 activities was
      measured. RESULTS: Approximately 3% of respondents in the HRS rated their vision
      or hearing as poor. Even after controlling for demographic factors, socioeconomic
      status, medical conditions, and general health status, limitations in both vision
      and hearing were independently correlated with worse functional status. In
      addition, controlling for income, wealth, and education reduced the strength of
      the associations between vision and hearing impairment and function, but did not
      eliminate them. The magnitude of effect of poor vision exceeded all medical
      conditions except stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Visual and hearing impairment appear to
      have a significant relationship with overall functional status, among even
      community-dwelling, middle-aged Americans and even after controlling for general
      health status, medical comorbidities, and socioeconomic status.

PMID- 9951499
TI  - Posterior corneal surface topographic changes after laser in situ keratomileusis
      are related to residual corneal bed thickness.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine whether ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis
      (LASIK) is related to residual corneal bed thickness. DESIGN: Retrospective
      noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-two eyes of 16 patients with
      refractive errors of -4.00 to -18.00 diopters were examined. INTERVENTION: LASIK
      was performed. The topography of the posterior corneal surface was examined with
      the Orbscan slit scanning corneal topography/pachymetry system. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: The difference in the elevation of posterior corneal surface regarding
      the best-fit sphere was measured. RESULTS: After surgery, mean bulge of 17.2 +/-
      7.2 microns was found in eyes with residual corneal bed of 250 microns or
      greater, whereas 41.0 +/- 22.1 microns was seen in eyes with bed thickness less
      than 250 microns (t = 4.29; P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Posterior corneal bulge is
      correlated with the residual corneal bed thickness. The risk of ectasia may be
      increased if the residual corneal bed is thinner than 250 microns.

PMID- 9951500
TI  - Comparison of photorefractive keratectomy with excimer laser in situ
      keratomileusis in correcting low myopia (from -2.00 to -5.50 diopters). A
      randomized study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with photorefractive
      keratectomy (PRK) in the correction of myopia from -2.00 to -5.50 diopters.
      DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, paired clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-two
      eyes of 26 myopic patients were enrolled in the study. INTERVENTION: Each patient
      received PRK on one eye (PRK eye) and LASIK on the other (LASIK eye); the
      procedure assigned to each eye, and the sequence of surgeries for each patient
      was randomized. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Slit-lamp microscopy, manifest refraction,
      uncorrected and spectacle-corrected visual acuity, and videokeratography were
      done before operation, and 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months
      after operation. Patient satisfaction and preference were assessed by a
      subjective questionnaire. RESULTS: All LASIK eyes had fast, painless recovery. At
      1 year, 24 patients (92.3%) were examined, the mean spherical equivalent
      refraction was -0.08 +/- 0.38 diopter in the PRK eyes and -0.14 +/- 0.31 diopter
      in the LASIK eyes, and the uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 15
      PRK eyes (62.5%) and 19 LASIK eyes (79.2%); no eye lost 2 or more Snellen lines
      of spectacle-corrected visual acuity. Both procedures were stable throughout the
      first year. One PRK eye developed dense subepithelial corneal haze. The strongest
      correlate to spectacle-corrected visual acuity after the two procedures was the
      coefficient of variation of corneal power over the pupil. Nineteen patients
      (79.2%) preferred the LASIK procedure because of the fast, painless recovery.
      CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, PRK and LASIK were found to be similarly
      effective, predictable, stable, and reasonably safe for the correction of myopia
      between -2.00 and -5.50 diopters. Laser in situ keratomileusis has the advantage
      of fast, painless recovery. Patients prefer LASIK.

PMID- 9951501
TI  - Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia and astigmatism.
      American Academy of Ophthalmology.
AB  - The purpose of the Committee on Ophthalmic Procedures Assessment is to evaluate
      on a scientific basis new and existing ophthalmic tests, devices, and procedures
      for their safety, efficacy, clinical effectiveness, and appropriate uses.
      Evaluations include examination of available literature, epidemiologic analyses
      when appropriate, and compilation of opinions from recognized experts and other
      interested parties. After appropriate review by all contributors, including legal
      counsel, assessments are submitted to the Academy's Board of Trustees for
      consideration as official Academy policy.

PMID- 9951503
TI  - [Jaundice with free bilirubin following preventive anti-retroviral therapy after
      sexual aggression].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Interest has recently focused on anti-HIV prophylaxis in case of
      sexual exposure. A circular from the French Ministry of Health (DGS/DH n(o)
      97/560, 12 August 1997) envisages such treatment in certain risk situations such
      as sexual aggression. The toxic risk of prescribing a tritherapy or a bitherapy,
      even for a short period of a few weeks must be considered. CASE REPORT: A 20-year
      old rape victim with an uneventful medical history was given a prophylactic
      regimen including zidovudine, laminovudine and indinavir. Three months later, she
      developed free-bilirubin jaundice with biological signs of hemolysis. DISCUSSION:
      We draw attention to the risk of severe adverse effects of short-duration anti
      HIV prophylaxis in apparently healthy subjects. The protocol must included
      careful patient information and rigorous surveillance.

PMID- 9951504
TI  - [Essential arterial hypertension treated with rilmenidin : what dose for what
      patient?].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic interest of dose adaptation from 1 mg to 2 mg
      daily when treating essential hypertension with rilmenidine in monotherapy, in
      terms of normalisation of blood pressure, of clinical tolerance and of laboratory
      parameters. METHODS: In a non-comparative multicentre study conducted in France
      in patients with essential hypertension, rilmenidine was started at 1 mg daily.
      When the target blood pressure was not achieved (supine diastolic blood pressure
      (DBP) < or = 90 mm Hg) after 6 weeks, the dose was adapted to 2 mg daily. For
      persistent non-responders, a second antihypertensive was added from 3 months and
      a third from 6 months as necessary. Total follow up was for 12 months. RESULTS:
      Eighteen thousand two hundred and thirty five (18,235) patients of either sex,
      average age 61.2 years and 90 mm Hg < supine DBP < 115 mm Hg were included.
      Sixteen thousand four hundred and ninety six (16,496) patients were followed for
      12 months with complete data being available for 15,963 of them., 13,565 (84.9%)
      were treated with rilmenidine in monotherapy, 9,626 (60.3%) at 1 mg daily, and
      3,939 (24.6%) at 2 mg daily. For patients who were treated with rilmenidine 1 mg
      daily throughout the study, mean reduction of blood pressure between D0 and M12
      was -27.5/-18.9 mm Hg. Mean reduction was -30.0/-20.3 mm Hg for those who
      completed the study on 2 mg per day. 82.8% of the analysed population were
      normalised with rilmenidine in monotherapy, 59.1% with 1 mg daily. Dose
      adaptation to 2 mg normalised an additional 23.7% of patients. Rilmenidine
      monotherapy was associated with good clinical and laboratory acceptability.
      CONCLUSION: The step-wise adaptation of rilmenidine dose in the treatment of
      essential hypertension is justified by the superior normalisation rate achieved
      by increasing the dose from 1 mg to 2 mg daily. This adaptation neither increases
      side effects nor changes laboratory parameters. These data support dose
      adaptation of rilmenidine monotherapy before association with another
      antihypertensive. However, neither ther blood pressure level nor associated risk
      factors predict the type of patients who will be normalised by 1 mg daily or
      those who require 2 mg. The practice of always starting rilmenidine at 1 mg daily
      in essential hypertension is therefore supported.

PMID- 9951505
TI  - [What about hyperglycerolemia?].

PMID- 9951506
TI  - [HLA-G-related repeat abortions with histological characteristics of organ
      rejection].

PMID- 9951502
TI  - [Organ procurement from cardiac arrest donors: outcome of kidney grafts and
      recommendations].
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To compare literature data with results obtained with organs procured
      from donors who died from cardiac arrest and to make proposals for this mode of
      organ procurement in France. METHODS: Over the last 10 years, 10 organ donors
      (2%) among a series of 486 donors in a state of brain death, had died of cardiac
      arrest. The arrest were perfused with double-balloon catheters. The outcome of
      the subsequent kidney grafts was compared with data in the literature. RESULTS:
      Fifteen of the 18 kidneys from cardiac arrest donors were functioning 1 month
      after implantation compared with 17 of the 20 kidneys from braindeath donors with
      beating hearts. The rate of acute tubular necrosis was 55% in the cardiac arrest
      kidneys and 40% in the beating-heart kidneys. Serum creatinine at 1 yeart was 145
      +/- 69 mumol/l 17 +/- 29 mumol/l respectively. DISCUSSION: These results and
      those reported in the literature demonstrate that kidney procurement from cardiac
      arrest donors is feasible. If intensive care and surgery units are well
      organized, this type of organ procurement could provide a larger number of organs
      for transplantation. Emergency teams must be available for preparing and
      transferring the organs.

PMID- 9951507
TI  - [Quincke's edema during ticlopidine treatment].

PMID- 9951508
TI  - [Optimizing antibiotic therapy in a hospital setting].
AB  - Optimal use of antibiotics in hospitalized patients raises several problems. i)
      Does the patient really have an infection treatable with antibiotics? Currently,
      there are no clinical or biological data which can resolve this question with
      sufficient sensitivity and specificity. ii) Are microbial samples warranted
      before starting treatment? All bacteria isolated from cerebrospinal, ascitis,
      pleural or articular fluids are pathogens whereas a quantitative assessment is
      required for bacteria isolated from the upper or lower respiratory tract. iii) If
      an antibiotic is needed should a single drug or a multiple drug regimen be
      prescribed? Twenty years ago two-drug regimens were necessary. Synergism and
      better spectrum were the keystones of two-drug therapy. Today, single-drug
      regimens are sufficient except in case of Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas or some
      Enterobacteriacae infections. iv) Which administration route is best? In
      hospitalized patients, the parenteral route is generally used with a rapid switch
      to oral administration, usually within 48 hours. v) How long should the
      antibiotics be given? Treatment duration depends on the bacteria, the patient and
      the organ involved. vi) How can resistance be avoided? Rotating between
      antibiotics has been proposed to reduce the emergence of multidrug resistant
      bacteria, although this concept remains to be validated by controlled studies.

PMID- 9951509
TI  - [Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis: physiopathology].
AB  - INFANTILE LEISHMANIASIS: The protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are the
      causal agent of various diseases ranging from cutaneous lesions to fatal systemic
      diseases. In southern France, Leishmania infantum is an endemic species
      recognized as the causal agent of infantile leishmaniasis (Mediterranean visceral
      leishmaniasis). Little is known about the pathophysiology of the disease in
      humans, but models in mice may provide a new approach. INSECT VECTOR: Leishmania
      infantum are carried by sand flies. Antigenic modifications of the promastigote
      forms occur in these insects modifying lipophyosphoglycan (LPG) or glyocprotein
      gp63. Salivary gland lysates from the sand flies also enhance Leishmania
      infectivity. HUMAN INFESTATION: In humans, LPG and gp63 play a role in complement
      fixation, cell adhesion and resistance to complement-mediated lysis. Macrophage
      expression of class I and II major histocompatibility complex antigens is
      suppressed. T cells and interferon gamma are very important keys in the control
      of the parasite infection.

PMID- 9951510
TI  - [Contribution of molecular cytogenetics to the diagnosis of chromosome
      anomalies].
AB  - MOLECULAR CYTOGENETICS: New fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques
      have been developed using fluorescent non-radioactive DNA probes. FISH: Based on
      the complementary of nucleotides FISH enables visualization and localization of a
      DNA fragment on chromosomes by hybridizing the complementary DNA sequence, the
      probe. Many types of tissues can be analyzed, for example hematopoietic cells in
      blood or bone marrow, amniotic cells, trophoblasts, fibroblasts, gamete or
      tumoral cells. APPLICATIONS: Molecular cytogenetics can be used to characterize
      chromosome anomalies in many fields of cytogenetics (constitutional studies,
      prenatal diagnosis, hematology, oncology).

PMID- 9951512
TI  - [Comparison of different 3-dimensional irradiation techniques in local
      radiotherapy of prostatic carcinoma].
AB  - PURPOSE: Four different three-dimensional planning techniques for localized
      radiotherapy of prostate cancer were compared with regard to dose homogeneity
      within the target volume and dose to organs at risk, dependent upon tumor stage.
      PATIENTS AND METHODS: Six patients with stage T1, 7 patients with stage T2 and 4
      patients with stage T3 were included in this study. Four different 3D treatment
      plans (rotation, 4-field, 5-field and 6-field technique) were calculated for each
      patient. Dose was calculated with the reference point at the isocenter (100%).
      The planning target volume was encompassed within the 95% isodose surface. All
      the techniques used different shaped portal for each beam. Dose volume histograms
      were created and compared for the planning target volume and the organs at risk
      (33%, 50%, 66% volume level) in all techniques. RESULTS: The 4 different three
      dimensional planning techniques revealed no differences concerning dose
      homogeneity within the planning target volume. The dose volume distribution at
      organs at risk show differences between the calculated techniques. In our study
      the best protection for bladder and rectum in stage T1 and T2 was achieved by the
      6-field technique. A significant difference was achieved between 6-field and 4
      field technique only in the 50% volume of the bladder (p = 0.034), between the 6
      field and rotation technique (all volume levels) and between 5-field and rotation
      technique (all volume levels). In stage T1, T2 6-field and 4-field technique in
      50% (p = 0.033) and 66% (p = 0.011) of the rectum volume. In stage T3 a
      significant difference was not observed between the 4 techniques. The best
      protection of head of the femur was achieved by the rotation technique.
      CONCLUSION: In the localized radiotherapy of prostate cancer in stage T1 or T2
      the best protection for bladder and rectum was achieved by a 3D-planned conformal
      6-field technique. If the seminal vesicles have been included in the target
      volume and in the case of large planning target volume other techniques should be
      taken for a better protection for organs at risk e. g. a 3D-planned 4-field
      technique box technique.

PMID- 9951511
TI  - Blood flow and oxygenation status of human tumors. Clinical investigations.
AB  - PURPOSE: There is a large body of evidence suggesting that blood flow and
      oxygenation of human tumors are important research topics which may explain, in
      particular, resistance to radiation and to many antineoplastic drugs, which can
      limit the curability of solid tumors by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. MATERIALS
      AND METHODS: This manuscript reviews the clinical investigations which have been
      performed regarding blood flow and oxygenation status of human tumors in
      radiation oncology. RESULTS: The possible uses and limitations of the prognostic
      significance and the changes under therapy measuring blood flow and oxygenation
      in human tumors were discussed. In addition, several approaches were summarized,
      which can improve the microvascular O2 availability and perfusion-limited O2
      delivery. CONCLUSION: The clinical data concerning the prognostic significance of
      blood flow, vascular function and oxygenation of human tumors are relevant for
      patient selection in clinical oncology. Strategies to improve traditional cancer
      therapy by modulation of the oxygenation status remain quite promising but more
      critical research and sophisticated clinical studies are necessary before its
      true potential is known.

PMID- 9951513
TI  - Interstitial brachytherapy in carcinoma of the penis.
AB  - AIM: Keeping in line with the increasing emphasis on organ preservation, we at
      the Tata Memorial Hospital have evaluated the role of Ir-192 interstitial implant
      as regards local control, functional and cosmetic outcome in early as well as
      locally recurrent carcinoma of the distal penis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From
      October 1988 to December 1996, 23 patients with histopathologically proven cancer
      of the penis were treated with radical radiation therapy using Ir-192 temporary
      interstitial implant. Our patients were in the age group of 20 to 60 years. The
      primary lesions were T1 in 7, T2 in 7 and recurrent in 9 patients. Only 7
      patients had palpable groin nodes at presentation, all of which were
      pathologically negative. The median dose of implant was 50 Gy (range 40 to 60
      Gy), using the LDR afterloading system and the Paris system of implant rules for
      dosimetry. Follow-up ranged from 4 to 117 months (median 24 months). RESULTS: At
      last follow-up 18 of the 23 patients remained locally controlled with implant
      alone. Three patients failed only locally, 2 locoregionally and 1 only at the
      groin. Of the 5 patients who failed locally, 4 were successfully salvaged with
      partial penectomy and remained controlled when last seen. Local control with
      implant alone at 8 years was 70% by life table analysis. The patients had
      excellent functional and cosmetic outcome. We did not record any case of skin or
      soft-tissue necrosis. Only 2 patients developed meatal stenosis, both of which
      were treated endoscopically. CONCLUSION: Our results lead us to interpret that
      interstitial brachytherapy with Ir-192 offers excellent local control rates with
      preservation of organ and function. Penectomy can be reserved as a means for
      effective salvage.

PMID- 9951514
TI  - Radiation-induced bilateral optic neuropathy in cancer of the nasopharynx. Case
      failure analysis and a review of the literature.
AB  - CASE REPORT: A case history of unanticipated radiation-induced bilateral optic
      neuropathy, 18 months after induction chemotherapy and radiation therapy for a
      locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, is presented. Retrospective reanalysis
      of the radiation therapy technique, with emphasis on the doses received by the
      optic pathway structures, was performed. These re-calculations revealed
      unexpectedly high doses in the range 79 to 82 Gy (cumulative external and
      brachytherapy dose) at the level of the optic nerves, which explained the
      observed radiation injury. CONCLUSION: Routine implementation of computed
      tomography for 3D dose planning purposes is therefore advocated. Review of the
      current literature confirms the importance of 3D dose planning in avoiding this
      complication and high-lights the role of MRI in establishing the diagnosis of
      radiation-induced optic neuropathy.

PMID- 9951515
TI  - Effect of amifostine (Ethyol) on the development of extraembryonic blood vessels
      in chick embryos.
AB  - AIM: Systemic and local side effects can limit radio- as well as chemotherapy in
      patients suffering from neoplastic diseases. One possibility to reduce the
      therapy-dependent side effects is to attenuate radical induced alterations of
      normal healthy tissue by application of antioxidants. Preclinical and clinical
      studies demonstrated the ability of amifostine to protect normal, but not
      neoplastic, tissues from cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy or irradiation. The
      purpose of the present study was to establish whether amifostine (Ethyol) can
      affect microvessel density in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this study
      fertilized crossbred "White-Plymouth-Rocks x Sussex" eggs were used. After 48
      hours of incubation 0.05 ml solution containing 25.7 micrograms (approximately
      120 microM) amifostine were injected next to the germ disc. Taking into account
      the mean surface area of the are vasculosa and the embryo, this corresponds to a
      dose of 26 micrograms/cm2. As controls, the area vasculosa of eggs treated with
      0.05 ml NaCl 0.9% were used. Twenty-four and 48 hours after injection of
      amifostine or NaCl photographs and video microscopic pictures from treated areas
      and controls were taken and evaluated for vascular density. Results of vascular
      density are given as vascular intersections per mm2 (VIS/mm2). RESULTS: There was
      a significant (p < 0.001) difference in vascular density with a mean microvessel
      count of 30.40 (+/- 12.84 SD) VIS/mm2 in the NaCl control and 53.69 (+/- 24.56
      SD) VIS/mm2 in the amifostine-treated area vasculosa. CONCLUSION: The results
      show that amifostine induced an increase in vascular density in the rapidly
      proliferating area vasculosa of the early chick embryo.

PMID- 9951516
TI  - Lymphatic metastasis from tumors transplanted into the pre-irradiated footpad of
      the rat.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In the literature there is some evidence that the incidence of
      metastases may increase after radiation treatment. METHODS: In order to
      investigate whether radiation-induced changes in the lymphatic drainage may alter
      the rate of lymph node metastasis, the center part of the left hind foot of rats
      was irradiated with a dose of 1 x 55 Gy before inoculation of tumor cells into
      the irradiated part of the footpad at different time intervals. Cells of 2
      different tumor lines were employed. A rarely metastasising rhabdomyosarcoma, R
      1, to look for a possible enhancement of lymphatic metastases, and a readily
      metastasising mammary carcinoma, Cl-2, in case of a possible decrease in the rate
      of lymphatic metastasis from tumors growing in pre-irradiated footpads. RESULTS:
      The incidence of regional lymph node metastasis decreased for R-1 tumors growing
      in pre-irradiated footpads, but not for Cl-2 tumors. Furthermore, the average
      time required for lymph node metastasis to attain a reference volume of 100 mm3
      is not significantly influenced by pre-irradiation of the footpad. No difference
      was observed in average times for doubling in volume of lymph node metastases
      originating from primary tumors in pre-irradiated footpads. Abscopal effects
      after footpad irradiation may cause a 50-fold increase in size of regional lymph
      nodes and, therefore, histological examination is essential for verification of
      lymph node metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Damage to the lymphatic system to be expected
      in the irradiated footpad did not enhance the incidence of regional metastasis of
      R-1 tumors. A reduced rate of lymphatic metastasis contradicts earlier findings
      of enhanced lymphatic metastasis development of R-1 tumors, growing in pre
      irradiated gastrocnemius muscles. The influence of irradiation on regional
      metastasis formation seems to be "tumor bed" dependent for R-1 tumors.

PMID- 9951517
TI  - [A method of quality assurance of dynamic wedges].
AB  - BACKGROUND: One of the important prerequisites for using a virtual wedge is the
      availability of an appropriate method for quality assurance. A simple method to
      determine wedge angles has been developed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A formula based
      on the exponential attenuation curve has been derived, that allows for the
      calculation of the wedge isodose angles based on 2 measurement points
      perpendicular to the central ray. The linear attenuation coefficient is the only
      variable that must be known for the field size under consideration. RESULTS:
      Using the algorithm introduced, the wedge angle isodoses can be measured with a
      high degree of accuracy. The deviation of the wedge angle compared to the
      measurements done according to DIN 6847-4 is less than 1 degree. CONCLUSION: The
      described procedure is a simple method of performing routine quality assurance
      for the virtual wedge.

PMID- 9951518
TI  - [Survival time of exclusively irradiated NSCLC patients: the viewpoint of a
      clinical biologist. Concerning the article by R. Wilhelm et al in Strahlenther
      Onkol 1988: 174:128-32 (No. 3)].

PMID- 9951519
TI  - [Erectile function after treatment of prostatic carcinoma].

PMID- 9951520
TI  - [Meta-analysis of prognostic significance of tumor cell demonstration in the bone
      marrow or: "Looking for an independent prognostic factor"].

PMID- 9951522
TI  - An integrated process for the production of toxic catechols from toxic phenols
      based on a designer biocatalyst.
AB  - We describe the biocatalytic production of 3-phenylcatechol from 2-phenylphenol
      with the whole cell biocatalyst Escherichia coli JM101 (pHBP461). The recombinant
      produces 2-hydroxybiphenyl 3-monooxygenase, an enzyme from Pseudomonas azelaica
      HBP1. This enzyme introduces a hydroxyl-group at the C3-position of a variety of
      2-substituted phenols, such as 2-phenylphenol. This permits the biocatalytic
      production of 3-substituted catechols, which are difficult to synthesize
      chemically. Both 2-phenylphenol and 3-phenylcatechol are highly toxic to E. coli.
      The toxic effects of 2-phenylphenol were minimized by feeding this substrate to
      the reactor at a rate slightly below the maximum biooxidation rate. As a result,
      the substrate concentration in the reactor remained below toxic levels during the
      bioconversion. The toxic product formed was removed by continuous adsorption on
      the solid resin Amberlite XAD-4. To this end the reaction mixture, containing the
      biocatalyst, was pumped continuously through an external loop with a fluidized
      bed of the resin. This resin efficiently and quantitatively adsorbed both 3
      phenylcatechol and the remaining trace amounts of 2-phenylphenol. Consequently,
      the concentrations of these compounds were kept at subtoxic levels (below 100 mg
      L-1) and gram amounts of 3-phenylcatechol were produced with space-time yields of
      up to 0.39 g L-1 h-1. The product was recovered from the resin by acidic methanol
      elution and purified by recrystallization from n-hexane resulting in overall
      yields exceeding 59%. The optimized system served as a surprisingly simple and
      efficient integrated process, that allows the bioconversion of toxic substrates
      to toxic products with whole cell biocatalysts.

PMID- 9951521
TI  - Apoptosis in batch cultures of Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - One of the main problems in the culture of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells
      continues to be the inability to maintain the viability of the cultures over an
      extended period of time. The rapid decline in viability at the end of the culture
      is exacerbated by the absence of serum. In trying to reduce the extent of death
      in these cultures, we first tried to determine the mode of death. We found that
      more than 80% of the cells in a standard serum-free batch culture of CHO cells in
      suspension died via apoptosis--as evidenced by condensed chromatin and the
      appearance of a characteristic DNA ladder. Furthermore, when protein synthesis
      was inhibited using cycloheximide, the cells underwent rapid apoptosis indicating
      that death proteins were present in greater abundance than survival proteins in
      our CHO cells. Cell lysate from CHO cells showed evidence of cysteine protease
      (caspase) activity. Caspases of the Interleukin-1-beta-Converting Enzyme (ICE)
      family, e.g., CPP32, Mch-1, etc., have been implicated in the apoptotic process.
      Surprisingly, a caspase peptide inhibitor, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoro
      methyl-ketone (z-VAD.fmk), was unable to substantially extend the life of a serum
      free batch culture of CHO cells. In addition, z-VAD.fmk was only marginally able
      to extend viability in response to withdrawal of growth and survival factors,
      insulin and transferrin. In both these instances, z-VAD.fmk was able to prevent
      cleavage of caspase substrates, but not protect cells from death. However, we
      found that bcl-2 expression was able to significantly extend viabilities in CHO
      batch culture. Bcl-2 expression also substantially extended the viability of
      cultures in response to insulin and transferrin withdrawal. These results provide
      interesting insights into the pathways of death in a CHO cell.

PMID- 9951523
TI  - Fractionation of gliadin hydrolysates in water-ethanol by ultrafiltration with
      modified or unmodified membranes.
AB  - Ultrafiltration was applied to the fractionation of neutral vs. charged peptides
      of similar size. The peptides, produced from gliadins, a major fraction of wheat
      storage proteins, were obtained by limited hydrolysis with alpha-chymotrypsin in
      water-ethanol 80/20 (v/v). Peptides, according to their elution by RP-HPLC, were
      quasineutral (repetitive peptides) irrespective of pH, or positively charged
      (nonrepetitive peptides) at pH below 5. The transmission through the membranes of
      the nonrepetitive peptides was less (until sevenfold) than that of the repetitive
      ones, because of the role of electrostatic repulsion involved in the retention of
      charged solutes. The difference of transmission was more efficient at acidic pH
      (3) and low ionic strength with inorganic membranes and in a wider range of pH
      and ionic strength with membranes modified by coating of positively charged
      polymers (polyvinylimidazole PVI, polyethyleneimine PEI). A continuous
      diafiltration process using an inorganic membrane of low molecular cut-off
      permitted the selective enrichment of the retentate in nonrepetitive peptides (up
      to 80%) and of the permeate in repetitive peptides (up to 80%) from hydrolysate
      feed containing about 60/40% of repetitive and nonrepetitive peptides,
      respectively, with a diafiltration volume of 4.

PMID- 9951525
TI  - Probing the disulfide folding pathway of insulin-like growth factor-I.
AB  - The crucial step of folding of recombinant proteins presents serious challenges
      to obtaining the native structure. This problem is exemplified by insulin-like
      growth factor (IGF)-I which when refolded in vitro produces the native three
      disulfide structure, an alternative structure with mispaired disulfide bonds and
      other isomeric forms. To investigate this phenomenon we have examined the
      refolding properties of an analog of IGF-I which contains a 13-amino acid N
      terminal extension and a charge mutation at position 3 (Long-[Arg3]IGF-I). Unlike
      IGF-I, which yields 45% of the native structure and 24% of the alternative
      structure when refolded in vitro, Long-[Arg3]IGF-I yields 85% and 10% of these
      respective forms. To investigate the interactions that affect the refolding of
      Long-[Arg3]IGF-I and IGF-I, we acid-trapped folding intermediates and products
      for inclusion in a kinetic analysis of refolding. In addition to non-native
      intermediates, three native-like intermediates were identified, that appear to
      have a major role in the in vitro refolding pathway of Long-[Arg3]IGF-I; a single
      disulfide Cys18-Cys61 intermediate, an intermediate with Cys18-Cys61 and Cys6
      Cys48 disulfide bonds and another with Cys18-Cys61 and Cys47-Cys52 disulfide
      bonds. Furthermore, from our kinetic analysis we propose that the Cys18-Cys61,
      Cys6-Cys48 intermediate forms the native structure, not by the direct formation
      of the last (Cys47-Cys52) disulfide bond, but by rearrangement via the Cys18
      Cys61 intermediate and a productive Cys18-Cys61, Cys47-Cys52 intermediate. In
      this pathway, the last disulfide bond to form involves Cys6 and Cys48. Finally,
      we apply this pathway to IGF-I and conclude that the divergence in the in vitro
      folding pathway of IGF-I is caused by non-native interactions involving Glu3 that
      stabilize the alternative structure.

PMID- 9951524
TI  - Demonstration of efficient trichloroethylene biodegradation in a hollow-fiber
      membrane bioreactor.
AB  - Rapid cometabolism of trichloroethylene (TCE) by pure cultures of Methylosinus
      trichosporium OB3b PP358 was demonstrated in a two-stage hollow-fiber membrane
      bioreactor over the course of 3 weeks. PP358 was grown in a continuous-flow
      chemostat and circulated through the shell of a hollow-fiber membrane module
      (HFMM), while TCE contaminated water (160 to 1450 micrograms/L) was pumped
      through the fiber lumen (fiber interior). In parallel-flow HFMM biological
      experiments, 82% to 89% of the influent TCE was removed from the lumen (5.1-min
      residence time) with 99% of the transferred TCE undergoing biodegradation.
      Biological experiments in a larger capacity baffled radial-flow HFMM resulted in
      66% to 99% TCE transferred and 93% to 96% TCE biodegradation at lumen residence
      times of between 1.5 and 3.7 min. Biodegradation was maintained throughout the
      experiments at pseudo-first-order biodegradation rate constants of 0.41 to 2.8
      L/mg TSS/day. Best-fit computer modeling of the baffled radial-flow biological
      process estimated mass transfer coefficients as large as 2.7 x 10(-2) cm/min. The
      computer model was also shown to simulate the experimental results quite well.

PMID- 9951526
TI  - Protein refolding in predominantly organic media markedly enhanced by common
      salts.
AB  - The refolding/reoxidation of unfolded/reduced hen egg-white lysozyme was
      investigated in a variety of predominantly nonaqueous media consisting of protein
      dissolving organic solvents and water. It was discovered that LiCl and other
      common salts dramatically (up to more than 100-fold) increased the refolding
      yield of lysozyme in such nonaqueous systems, while reducing it in water. The
      mechanism of this surprising phenomenon appears to involve salt-induced
      suppression of nonspecific lysozyme aggregation during refolding due to an
      enhanced protein solubility.

PMID- 9951527
TI  - Incorporating qualitative knowledge in enzyme kinetic models using fuzzy logic.
AB  - Modeling of metabolic pathway dynamics requires detailed kinetic equations at the
      enzyme level. In particular, the kinetic equations must account for metabolite
      effectors that contribute significantly to the pathway regulation in vivo.
      Unfortunately, most kinetic rate laws available in the literature do not consider
      all the effectors simultaneously, and much kinetic information exists in a
      qualitative or semiquantitative form. In this article, we present a strategy to
      incorporate such information into the kinetic equation. This strategy uses fuzzy
      logic-based factors to modify algebraic rate laws that account for partial
      kinetic characteristics. The parameters introduced by the fuzzy factors are then
      optimized by use of a hybrid of simplex and genetic algorithms. The resulting
      model provides a flexible form that can simulate various kinetic behaviors. Such
      kinetic models are suitable for pathway modeling without complete enzyme
      mechanisms. Three enzymes in Escherichia coli central metabolism are used as
      examples: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; and
      pyruvate kinase I. Results show that, with fuzzy logic-augmented models, the
      kinetic data can be much better described. In particular, complex behavior, such
      as allosteric inhibition, can be captured using fuzzy rules. The resulting
      models, even though they do not provide additional physical meaning in enzyme
      mechanisms, allow the model to incorporate semiquantitative information in
      metabolic pathway models.

PMID- 9951528
TI  - Stabilization of a proteolytically sensitive cytoplasmic recombinant protein
      during transition to downstream processing.
AB  - The influence of aeration and glucose feeding on the stability of recombinant
      protein A in Escherichia coli during the transition period from a fed-batch
      cultivation to downstream processing was studied. Neither interruption of the
      feeding under aerobic conditions nor anaerobic conditions in presence of glucose
      could stabilize protein A completely and the intracellular ATP pool did not
      decrease to less than 0.75-1 mM by this treatment. On the other hand, the absence
      of both oxygen and glucose resulted in a decrease of the ATP pool to less than
      0.5 mM and almost complete stabilization of protein A. The decrease of ATP was
      more severe when sulfite was used instead of nitrogen gas to create anaerobic
      conditions in presence of glucose. This also resulted in nearly complete
      stabilization of protein A, which might be explained by an inhibiting effect of
      sodium sulfite on fermentation. Therefore, protein stabilization and decrease of
      the ATP pool were correlated in experiments in vivo. The concentrations of ADP
      and AMP increased during starvation and may also play a role in stabilization of
      the protein in vivo. ATP may be a limiting factor of proteolysis also during
      further steps of downstream processing. Its concentration decreases by 80-90%
      during harvesting and centrifugation of biomass and even further during
      disruption of cells. However, neither addition nor regeneration of ATP in cell
      disintegrate was enough to restore degradation of protein A, indicating that an
      additional factor limits proteolysis in vitro.

PMID- 9951529
TI  - [Dietary iron absorption. Role of vitamin A].
AB  - Iron and vitamin A are essential nutrients for human growing, development and
      maintenance. Deficiency of these elements is a public health problem especially
      in developing countries. Recently it has been reported that vitamin A has a
      favorable effect on iron absorption, probably due to the formation of an iron
      vitamin A chelate, that keeps iron soluble and available for absorption. This
      vitamin establishes a competence with other iron-binding molecules (phytates and
      polyphenols) that are not absorbed and render insoluble iron. Food enrichment
      programs with both iron and vitamin A, will provide these two essential nutrients
      and also an enhanced iron absorption even from diets with a high content of
      inhibitors.

PMID- 9951530
TI  - [Estimating height and body weight from knee height and mid arm circumference in
      children 9 to 14 years old].
AB  - Some individuals with functional limitations or in some clinical or field areas
      have troubles to get stature and body weight measurement done. It does exist the
      alternative of estimating these variables from measurements of body segments like
      knee height (KH) and mid arm circumference (MAC). Of a sample of 113 healthy
      Venezuelan children, both sexes, 9 to 14 years of age, equations suggested by
      Ross Laboratories for estimating stature and body weight were applied. It was
      concluded that the need for an adjustment was evident which done using multiple
      regression analysis. This allowed us to generate estimated stature an weight by
      KH and MAC tables, for Venezuelan children.

PMID- 9951531
TI  - [Anthropometric assessment and school achievement in school-age children from
      high school in Valparaiso, Chile].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the interrelationship between
      nutritional status and scholastic achievement (SA). The total population included
      1,488 high school students from Valparaiso, City, V Region of Chile. A
      representative sample of 165 school-age children was chosen from public schools
      in which the Improvement Education Quality Program (MECE) from the Ministry of
      Education of Chile was tried. Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by means of
      the Graffar's modified method. Nutritional status was assessed through
      anthropometric measurements of weight (W), height (T), head circumference (HC),
      arm circumference (AC) and triceps skindfold (TS). SA was determined by a
      language (SAL) and mathematics (SAM) test. Statistical analysis included analysis
      of variance, correlation multiple regression and chi-square. Results showed that
      HC is the anthropometric parameter with the greatest explanatory power in SA
      variance, in high school graduates (r2 = 0.7697), both SAL (r2 = 0.9258) and SAM
      (r2 = 0.5268), with a RR = 1.97. In this respect, 75% of school children with Z
      HC values below median obtained a low percentage of achievement in the SA test.
      Considering that HC is a direct indicator of nutritional background and indirect
      indicator of brain development, these findings increase the knowledge in this
      area and reveal the need to carry out further research related to the
      interrelationship SA-brain development.

PMID- 9951532
TI  - [Differences in percent composition of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in
      maternal-fetal erythrocytes in term and preterm infants].
AB  - The content and distribution of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP) of
      maternal-fetal erythrocytes phospholipids was investigated. Blood samples from
      healthy pregnant women were taken from maternal veins and umbilical cord at
      spontaneous delivery time. Two groups were segregated and compared in terms of
      fetuses gestational age: preterm delivery (32-34 weeks) and term delivery (40
      weeks). The results showed that in erythrocytes of term newborn the content of
      LCP omega 6 and omega 3; particularly 20:4w6 (ARA) and 22:6w3 (DHA), were found
      to be statistically higher than their respective mother. However, in preterm
      newborns, all LCP from phospholipids erythrocytes were found to be statistically
      lower than in their mother. Comparing the content of ARA and DHA between the
      newborn groups, it observed that only DHA was decreased in preterm group. Women
      who delivered premature babies showed a blood ratio ARA/DHA higher than those who
      delivered term-babies. From this study and considering previous information it
      can be suggested that a high content of ARA and ARA/DHA ratio in maternal and
      fetal erythrocytes may considered an early risk signal of preterm delivery.

PMID- 9951533
TI  - [The liver as a source of essential long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for
      postnatal brain development in the rat].
AB  - We address here the issue concerning the origin of essential long chain
      polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) needed for early postnatal brain
      development. Normal newborn rats 1, 5, 10 and 20 day-old were decapitated,
      immediately after, the livers were processed to obtain the microsomal fraction
      and its delta 6 fatty acid desaturase activity and fatty acid composition were
      determined. Samples of plasma, whole homogenized brain hemispheres and milk
      contained in the gastric cavity of the suckling rats, were analyzed to obtained
      their fatty acid composition. We fond that the rat neonate has a very low delta 6
      desaturase activity in liver microsomes as compared with the adult. In contrast,
      there is a considerable quantity of DHA an AA in the milk, liver microsomes,
      plasma lipids and brain. In conclusion, we propose that brain DHA and AA cannot
      be derived substantially through liver synthesis, but through the availability of
      these preformed fatty acids in the milk. These fatty acids are concentrated in
      liver microsomes and then secreted into plasma lipid pool to reach finally to
      brain structures.

PMID- 9951534
TI  - [Consumption of foods prepared with corn, wheat and rice and its relationship to
      gastric cancer incidence in Mexico].
AB  - To assess the consumption of food prepared with corn, wheat or rice, in relation
      to the risk of developing gastric cancer (GC). We analyzed information about
      cereal consumption using data from a study of diet and GC for which 220
      histologically confirmed incident GC cases and 752 population-based controls,
      were recruited. All subjects were interviewed using a food frequency
      questionnaire in which the consumption of 11 foods prepared with corn, wheat or
      rice, 54 additional food items and 4 alcoholic beverages was assessed. Adjusting
      by age, gender and total caloric intake, the results did not show an increased
      risk for gastric cancer incidence in regard to the consumption of foods prepared
      with corn (O.R. q4 vs. q1 = 0.97 C.I. 95% 0.58-1.63), wheat (O.R. q4 vs. q1 =
      1.07 C.I. 95% 0.62-1.84) or rice (O.R. q4 vs. q1 = 1.36 C.I. 95% 0.96-1.90).
      These results remained similar after stratifying by histological type of GC (i.e.
      intestinal vs. diffuse). Our results do not lend support to the hypothesis that
      the consumption of foods prepared with corn, wheat or rice increase the risk of
      being diagnosed with gastric cancer.

PMID- 9951535
TI  - Evaluation of the composition of the regional diet in Sonora, Mexico: incidence
      of colon cancer.
AB  - Diet is responsible for about one third of the cancers. Dietary fiber, energy
      intake, fat and consumption of fruits and vegetables play an important role in
      different cancers. The regional Mexican diet is characterized as being high in
      dietary fiber, high in fat and energy but very low in fruits and vegetables. The
      diet is high in insoluble fiber and phytate. The objective of this study was to
      evaluate the composition of the regional diet and relate this composition to the
      incidence of colon cancer in the northern region of Mexico. Two traditional
      diets, one higher in fruits and vegetables, but both high in fat and dietary
      fiber were evaluated. A mathematical expression showed the typical regional diet
      to be low in antioxidant nutrients, even though an earlier study showed it to
      have a tendency to protect against colon cancer. During the years of 1991-1995,
      Sonora, Mexico reported about 20 cases/ 100,000 inhabitants of colon cancer. This
      incidence is low compared to other regions and high dietary fiber is thought to
      be responsible. If antioxidant nutrient intake was elevated, possibly a greater
      protection could be achieved.

PMID- 9951536
TI  - [Breastfeeding in shantytowns: an educational program through home visits].
AB  - This is a study of breastfeeding length, with and without a community educational
      program. It was done through home visits to 125 women residing in Vila Marianais
      shantytowns in the city of Sao Paulo. It was found that breastfeeding lasts an
      average of more than 6 months after the educational intervention. When comparing
      the group that received education with the one that didnit, it was observed that
      in the former the percentage of children breastfed for 6 months or longer was
      64%, while in the control group it was 17% (p < 0.001). This shows a significant
      increase in the number of mothers who nursed their children after an educational
      program promoting breastfeeding.

PMID- 9951537
TI  - [WinDiet. Support decision system for the assessment of nutritional status and
      diet prescription].
AB  - A "Sistema de Apoio a Decisao para Avaliacao do Estado Nutricional e Prescricao
      de Dietas" called "WinDiet" was developed. The system was developed on a computer
      compatible to IBM-PC standard. For system processing procedures through the
      computer, that is, interpretation, compilation, table generation en others, it
      was selected the Delphi version 1.0 software, from Borland International, for its
      using facilities, data basis accomplishment, communication environment and mainly
      an ample availability of mathematic, impression and programming resources besides
      allowing for all the programming operations to be accomplished on Windows
      environment. Knowing the procedures for nutritional evaluation and diet
      prescription was possible by consulting to text books, periodicals and the area
      experts. This system allows for individual nutritional assessment applying the
      anthropometric methods such as weight, height, skinfold thickness measurings, the
      lab methods such as albumin, transferrin, height/creatinin index and others, the
      dietary methods by food consumption recall, and the clinical methods that give
      emphasis to pathological antecedents and indicative sings of nutritional status.
      The software also turns possible to prescribe and calculate diets from
      recommendation besides having an actual data basis which may be changed or
      modified. Yet it maintains the individual description from all evaluation and
      menus, emitting its complete reports. It was verified that it reduce
      significantly the working time and increase the precision of estimate and
      nutritional diagnosis. Thus, the WinDiet may be used in nutritionist's offices,
      ambulatories, hospitals as well as on nutritional researches and education.

PMID- 9951538
TI  - Quality control of beer hopped with reduced isomerised products.
AB  - The traditional method for measuring bitterness in beer by UV absorbance (ASBC
      9.6) remains a viable quality control method for normally hopped beer. However,
      after reduction of isoalpha acids specific absorptivity of active components
      change and HPLC analysis shows to be a reliable method for quality control of
      these materials. This work is intended to adapt mathematically the ASBC (American
      Society of Brewing Chemist) spectrophotometrical method and to evaluate an HPLC
      method to control the composition of different commercial reduced isomerised
      products added to unhopped wort and partially kettle hopped beer. The results we
      obtained showed that the HPLC method is reliable for quality control of reduced
      isomerised products and that the traditional spectrophotometrical method is
      viable for quality control of beer, also using reduced isomerised products as far
      as an adequate factor is used.

PMID- 9951539
TI  - [Co-crystallization of cucumber concentrate (Cucumis sativa L.)].
AB  - A sucrose syrup of 70 degrees Brix was concentrated until a concentration greater
      than 95 degrees Brix was attained. It was studied the effect of concentration
      (20, 25 and 35 degrees Brix) on the physical properties of the cucumber (Cucumis
      sativa L.) granules. Moisture content, solubility, and density were determined.
      The best results were found for the concentrated at 30 degrees Brix. Lemon juice
      was added to the concentrated to decrease pH from 5.5 to 4.0 to improve flavor
      and to avoid growth of molds and yeast. No significant differences in the
      higroscopicity were found between both pH (s). Sensory evaluation shows that 30
      judges of 45 preferred the sample made with the co-crystallizate containing lemon
      juice.

PMID- 9951540
TI  - [Nutritional characteristics of a cookie formulated with bovine blood plasma as a
      main source of protein].
AB  - The nutritional characteristics of a cookie formulated with bovine plasma as main
      protein source was evaluated. Bovine plasma was mixed with wheat flour, sugar or
      salt, condiments and vegetable oil. The mix was placed in trays and baking at 120
      degrees C during 1 hour. Moisture, fat, protein, carbohydrate, metabolizable
      energy, ash, iron, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, apparent
      digestibility, protein efficiency ratio, acceptability and tolerance of the final
      product were determined. Results indicated that 100 g of the cookie have 5 g of
      moisture, 16 g of fat, 16 g of protein, 61.4 g of carbohydrate, 408.2 Kcal of
      metabolizable energy, 1.59 g of ash, 1.9 mg of iron and 6.59 g of essential amino
      acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are in higher amount than saturated fatty
      acids. Results also indicated that 100 g of cookie provide at least 20% of the
      daily energy requirements, 24% of the iron and between 30 to 50% of the daily
      protein requirements for children at school age. Its digestibility and PER,
      tested in rats, were of 88.4% and 2.32 respectively. Acceptability and tolerance,
      both tested in children, were 97% and 100% respectively. The protein cookie could
      be included as a protein and energy supply in school meals.

PMID- 9951541
TI  - Vitamin C in Barbados cherry Malpighia glabra L. pulp submitted to processing and
      to different forms of storage.
AB  - Ripe fruits of Barbados cherry Malpighia glabra L. proceeding from the fruit
      growing section of Iguatemi Experimental Farm of Universidade Estadual de Maringa
      (PR), were triturated in a liquefier and hulled in a stainless steel sieve with
      25 mesh. The bagasse (seeds and hull) was discarded and the vitamin C content was
      immediately determined, which was 1.79 g by 100 g of pulp. After that, the
      integral pulp was packed in glass flasks and submitted to the exhaustion and
      pasteurization processes and then hermetically closed. After the heat treatment
      the vitamin C content was 1.54 g by 100 g of pulp. The sealed flasks of Barbados
      cherry pulp, with and without the aluminum foil protection, were stored for 40
      days. The first portion was kept at room temperature, the second in a
      refrigerator (1 degree C), and the third in a freezer (-18 degrees C). The
      vitamin C content analysis were realized on the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 30th and
      40th day. For the flasks stored without the aluminum foil protection, there was a
      loss of 22.08%, 7.79% and 1.30% and with aluminum foil the loss was of 10.40%,
      3.90% and 1.30% for the storage at room, refrigeration and freezing temperatures,
      respectively. The results show that freezing method is the best form of vitamin C
      preservation.

PMID- 9951542
TI  - [Contents of various nutrients, minerals and seasonal fluctuations in Porphyra
      columbina, an edible marine algae from the Argentine Patagonian++ coast].
AB  - Porphyra columbina (Rodophyta Bangiales), one of the most important edible
      seaweeds, grows abundantly in the southern Argentine coast. Their mineral content
      and seasonal fluctuations were determined because there is no national data about
      their nutritional value. Samples were collected from April 1993 to February 1994
      from Golfo San Jorge (30 Km South of Comodoro Rivadavia). Algae were washed with
      sea water and dried at room temperature (20-2 degrees C) for 24 hs, following the
      local processing procedure. Moisture and ashes were determined according to
      A.O.A.C. After mineralization with nitric acid sodium and potassium were
      determined by flame photometry; calcium, magnesium and iron by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry (AAS); and phosphorus by Gomori's method. The results,
      expressed per 100 g dry algae showed the following values: moisture content: 7.03
      to 11.00 g/100 g; ashes: 16.18 to 22.70 g/100 g; sodium: 3.18 to 6.41 g/100 g;
      potassium 1.24 to 1.96 g/100 g; magnesium: 600 to 836 mg/100 g; phosphorus: 78 to
      276 mg/100 g; calcium: 63 to 108 mg/100 g and iron: 3.9 to 26.4 mg/100 g. The
      results of composition of algae as manufactured in the region showed important
      seasonal differences, with the highest values of ashes, sodium, potassium and
      magnesium in winter season (June and July).

PMID- 9951543
TI  - [Vitamins and minerals in oil canned yellow fin tuna (Thunnus albacares), from
      the Mexican Pacific].
AB  - Tuna is one of the most consumed sea food in Mexico due to it's abundance and low
      cost. The micronutrient content was evaluated in yellow fin tuna (Thunnus
      albacares) canned in vegetable oil (7 samples with 5 repetitions). Tuna proceed
      from different areas in the coast of the Pacific, Baja California Sur (L1),
      Mazatlan (L2) and Colima (L3). The approximate chemical analysis was carried out
      by the methods of AOAC; minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr an Pb) by
      atomic absorption spectrophotometry and vitamins by HPLC. The percentage of
      moisture was among 65-75%, crude protein (12.6-16.4%) and ether extract, the
      fraction with most variation among locations, was (7.1-15.9%). Niacin was the
      most abundant vitamin (4.8-16.5 mg/100 g); mean Vitamin A (UI/100 g) in L1 and L2
      was similar (36.5 and 36.2), and higher in L3 (42.0). The most abundant minerals
      were Na (136-552 mg/100 g) and K (78-221 mg/100 g), from this, the widest range
      of Na and K were found in L1, while L2 was for P. Ca (mg/100 g) showed different
      mean values between L1 (6.9) and L2 (12.7) and in L3 the range was extensive (3.4
      21.8). Zn was low in L2 (0.2-0.4 mg/100 g) and higher in L3 (0.54-0.70 mg/100 g).
      Mg and Cu were the mineral with the narrowest range and with mean values similar
      among locations. Pb, Cd and Cr were not detected. The mineral with the highest
      variation among locations were Ca, Na and Zn; and among commercial brands were
      Fe, Na, K and Ca. Vitamin A, Cu and Mg showed the least variation between
      locations. It is concluded that the yellow fin tuna provides important amounts of
      ether extract, Na, K, P and niacin.

PMID- 9951545
TI  - Control of gene expression in Trypanosomatidae.
AB  - The study of mechanisms which control gene expression in trypanosomatids has
      developed at an increasing rate since 1989 when the first successful DNA
      transfection experiments were reported. Using primarily Trypanosoma brucei as a
      model, several groups have begun to elucidate the basic control mechanisms and to
      define the cellular factors involved in mRNA transcription, processing and
      translation in these parasites. This review focuses on the most recent studies
      regarding a subset of genes that are expressed differentially during the life
      cycle of three groups of parasites. In addition to T. brucei, I will address
      studies on gene regulation in a few species of Leishmania and the results
      obtained by a much more limited group of laboratories studying gene expression in
      Trypanosoma cruzi. It is becoming evident that the regulatory strategies chosen
      by different species of trypanosomatids are not similar, and that for these very
      successful parasites it is probably advantageous to employ multiple mechanisms
      simultaneously. In addition, with the increasing numbers of parasite genes that
      have now been submitted to molecular dissection, it is also becoming evident
      that, among the various strategies for gene expression control, there is a
      predominance of regulatory pathways acting at the post-transcriptional level.

PMID- 9951546
TI  - Food, mood and health: a neurobiologic outlook.
AB  - Hippocrates was the first to suggest the healing power of food; however, it was
      not until the medieval ages that food was considered a tool to modify temperament
      and mood, although scientific methods as we know them today were not in use at
      the time. Modern scientific methods in neuroscience began to emerge much later,
      leading investigators to examine the role of diet in health, including mental
      wellbeing, with greater precision. This review shows how short- and long-term
      forced dietary interventions bring about changes in brain structure, chemistry,
      and physiology, leading to altered animal behavior. Examples will be presented to
      show how diets alter brain chemistry, behavior, and the action of neuroactive
      drugs. Most humans and most animal species examined in a controlled setting
      exhibit a fairly reproducible pattern of what and how they eat. Recent data
      suggest that these patterns may be under the neurochemical and hormonal control
      of the organisms themselves. Other data show that in many instances food may be
      used unconsciously to regulate mood by seemingly normal subjects as well as those
      undergoing drug withdrawal or experiencing seasonal affective disorders and
      obesity-related social withdrawal. We will discuss specific examples that
      illustrate that manipulation of dietary preference is actually an attempt to
      correct neurochemical make-up.

PMID- 9951547
TI  - Catabolism of Ap4A and Ap5A by rat brain synaptosomes.
AB  - Adenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and adenosine 5',5"'-P1,P5
      pentaphosphate (Ap5A) are stored in and released from rat brain synaptic
      terminals. In the present study we investigated the hydrolysis of dinucleotides
      (Ap4A and Ap5A) in synaptosomes from the cerebral cortex of adult rats. Ap4A and
      Ap5A, but not Ap3A, were hydrolyzed at pH 7.5 in the presence of 20 mM Tris/HCl,
      2.0 mM MgCl2, 10 mM glucose and 225 mM sucrose at 37 degrees C. The disappearance
      of the substrates measured by FPLC on a mono-Q HR column was both time and
      protein dependent. Since synaptosome integrity was at least 90% at the end of the
      assay, hydrolysis probably occurred by the action of an ecto-enzyme.
      Extracellular actions of adenine dinucleotides at central nervous system
      terminate due to the existence of ecto-nucleotidases which specifically cleave
      these dinucleotides. These enzymes in association with an ATP diphosphohydrolase
      and a 5'-nucleotidase are able to promote the complete hydrolysis of
      dinucleotides to adenosine in the synaptic cleft.

PMID- 9951548
TI  - Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity assay and affinity for its
      substrate under "physiological" conditions.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and the affinity for its
      substrate glucose-6-phosphate were investigated under conditions similar to the
      physiological environment in terms of ionic strength (I: 0.188), cation
      concentration, pH 7.34, and temperature (37 degrees C). A 12.4, 10.4 and 21.4%
      decrease was observed in G6PD B, G6PD A+ and G6PD A- activities, respectively. A
      Km increase of 95.1, 94.4 and 95.4% was observed in G6PD B, G6PD A+ and G6PD A-,
      respectively, leading to a marked decrease in affinity. In conclusion, the
      observation of the reduced activity and affinity for its natural substrate
      reflects the actual pentose pathway rate. It also suggests a much lower NADPH
      generation, which is crucial mostly in G6PD-deficient individuals, whose NADPH
      availability is poor.

PMID- 9951549
TI  - Effect of all-trans retinoic acid on newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia
      patients: results of a Brazilian center.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) were treated with
      all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Patients received 45 mg m-2 day-1 po of ATRA
      until complete remission (CR) was achieved, defined as: a) presence of less than
      5% blasts in the bone marrow, with b) white blood cells > 10(3)/mm3, c) platelets
      > 10(5)/mm3 and d) hemoglobin concentration > 8 g/dl, with no blood or platelet
      transfusions. Thirty-one (83.7%) patients achieved CR by day 50, and 75% of these
      before day 30. Correction of the coagulopathy, achieved between days 2 and 10
      (mean, 3 days), was the first evidence of response to treatment. Only one patient
      had been previously treated with chemotherapy and three had the microgranular
      variant M3 form. Dryness of skin and mucosae was the most common side effect
      observed in 82% of the patients. Thrombosis, hepatotoxicity and retinoid acid
      syndrome (RAS) were observed in 7 (19%), 6 (16%) and 4 (11%) patients,
      respectively. Thirteen (35%) patients had to be submitted to chemotherapy due to
      hyperleukocytosis (above 40 x 10(3)/mm3) and six of these presented with new
      signs of coagulopathy after chemotherapy. Four (11%) patients died secondarily to
      intracerebral hemorrhage (IH) and two (5.4%) dropped out of the protocol due to
      severe ATRA side effects (one RAS and one hepatotoxicity). RAS and IH were
      related strictly to hyperleukocytosis. The reduced use of platelets and fresh
      frozen plasma probably lowered the total cost of treatment. We conclude that ATRA
      is an effective agent for inducing complete remission in APL patients.

PMID- 9951550
TI  - Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin and hyperproinsulinemia as markers of
      increased pancreatic beta-cell demand in men.
AB  - Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) are considered to be an
      indirect index of hyperinsulinemia, predicting the later onset of diabetes
      mellitus type 2. In the insulin resistance state and in the presence of an
      increased pancreatic beta-cell demand (e.g. obesity) both absolute and relative
      increases in proinsulin secretion occur. In the present study we investigated the
      correlation between SHBG and pancreatic beta-cell secretion in men with different
      body compositions. Eighteen young men (30.0 +/- 2.4 years) with normal glucose
      tolerance and body mass indexes (BMI) ranging from 22.6 to 43.2 kg/m2 were
      submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test (75 g) and baseline and 120-min blood
      samples were used to determine insulin, proinsulin and C-peptide by specific
      immunoassays. Baseline SHBG values were significantly correlated with baseline
      insulin (r = -0.58, P < 0.05), proinsulin (r = -0.47, P < 0.05), C-peptide (r = 
      0.55, P < 0.05) and also with proinsulin at 120 min after glucose load (r = 
      0.58, P < 0.05). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that proinsulin values at
      120 min were the strongest predictor of SHBG (r = -0.58, P < 0.05). When subjects
      were divided into obese (BMI > 28 kg/m2, N = 8) and nonobese (BMI < or = 25
      kg/m2, N = 10) groups, significantly lower levels of SHBG were found in the obese
      subjects. The obese group had significantly higher baseline proinsulin, C-peptide
      and 120-min proinsulin and insulin levels. For the first time using a specific
      assay for insulin determination, a strong inverse correlation between insulinemia
      and SHBG levels was confirmed. The finding of a strong negative correlation
      between SHBG levels and pancreatic beta-cell secretion, mainly for the 120-min
      post-glucose load proinsulin levels, reinforces the concept that low SHBG levels
      are a suitable marker of increased pancreatic beta-cell demand.

PMID- 9951551
TI  - Incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
AB  - To establish the incidence of type 1 diabetes among children (infants to 14 years
      of age) in the city of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (population under
      15 years = 50,098), during the period of January to December 1996, a
      retrospective and prospective population-based registry was established, using
      physician reports of newly diagnosed patients under 15 years of age with type 1
      diabetes as the primary source of case identification. Primary and nursery
      schools and a general call through the media (newspapers, radio and television)
      was the secondary source. Data were calculated according to the methods
      recommended by the WHO (1990). Six new cases were identified. Case ascertainment
      was estimated at 100%. The incidence of type 1 diabetes in the year 1996 was
      12/100,000 inhabitants. These data indicate that the incidence of childhood type
      1 diabetes in a subtropical region in the Southern part of Brazil was similar to
      that observed in developed countries throughout the world. The inability to
      demonstrate the North-South gradient is probably due to the European origin of
      inhabitants of the city.

PMID- 9951552
TI  - Topical application of a melanotropin analogue to vulgar vitiligo dermo-epidermal
      minigrafts.
AB  - Human subjects with active vulgar vitiligo do not respond well to autologous
      dermo-epidermal minigrafting. Eighteen subjects were treated with the alpha
      melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) synthetic analogue [Nle4, D-Phe7]
      alpha-MSH. The hormone (50 microliters, 0.4 mM) was applied topically to 30-cm2
      lesions in which 29-48 minigrafts had been made. The hormone did not improve the
      success of the minigrafting and no differences were observed in local or distant
      repigmentation in treated subjects as compared to the placebo group. Aliquots of
      24-h urine concentrated by lyophilization irreversibly darkened toad skins,
      demonstrating the presence of the analogue. This is the first report of the
      transdermal delivery of a topically applied melanotropin in living human
      subjects.

PMID- 9951553
TI  - Monoassociation with Lactobacillus acidophilus UFV-H2b20 stimulates the immune
      defense mechanisms of germfree mice.
AB  - Probiotics are formulations containing live microorganisms or microbial
      stimulants that have some beneficial influence on the maintenance of a balanced
      intestinal microbiota and on the resistance to infections. The search for
      probiotics to be used in prevention or treatment of enteric infections, as an
      alternative to antibiotic therapy, has gained significant impulse in the last few
      years. Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of lactic acid
      bacteria in controlling infection by intestinal pathogens and in boosting the
      host's nonspecific immune response. Here, we studied the use of Lactobacillus
      acidophilus UFV-H2b20, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from a human newborn from
      Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, as a probiotic. A suspension containing 10(8) cells
      of Lactobacillus acidophilus UFV-H2b20 was inoculated into groups of at least
      five conventional and germfree Swiss mice to determine its capacity to stimulate
      the host mononuclear phagocytic activity. We demonstrate that this strain can
      survive the stressing conditions of the intestinal tract in vivo. Moreover, the
      monoassociation of germfree mice with this strain for seven days improved the
      host's macrophage phagocytic capacity, as demonstrated by the clearance of a Gram
      negative bacterium inoculated intravenously. Monoassociated mice showed an
      undetectable number of circulating E. coli, while 0.1% of the original inoculum
      was still present in germfree animals. Mice treated with viable or heat-killed
      Lactobacillus acidophilus UFV-H2b20 presented similarly improved clearance
      capacity when compared with germfree controls. In addition, monoassociated mice
      had twice the amount of Kupffer cells, which are responsible for the clearance of
      circulating bacteria, compared to germfree controls. These results suggest that
      the L. acidophilus strain used here stimulates a nonspecific immune response and
      is a strong candidate to be used as a probiotic.

PMID- 9951554
TI  - Regulation of T cell response to leishmania antigens by determinants of
      histocompatibility leukocyte class I and II molecules.
AB  - It has been shown that HLA class I molecules play a significant role in the
      regulation of the proliferation of T cells activated by mitogens and antigens. We
      evaluated the ability of mAb to a framework determinant of HLA class I molecules
      to regulate T cell proliferation and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production
      against leishmania, PPD, C. albicans and tetanus toxoid antigens in patients with
      tegumentary leishmaniasis and healthy subjects. The anti-major histocompatibility
      complex (MHC) mAb (W6/32) suppressed lymphocyte proliferation by 90% in cultures
      stimulated with alpha CD3, but the suppression was variable in cultures
      stimulated with leishmania antigen. This suppression ranged from 30-67% and was
      observed only in 5 of 11 patients. IFN-gamma production against leishmania
      antigen was also suppressed by anti-HLA class I mAb. In 3 patients IFN-gamma
      levels were suppressed by more than 60%, while in the other 2 cultures IFN-gamma
      levels were 36 and 10% lower than controls. The suppression by HLA class I mAb to
      the proliferative response in leishmaniasis patients and in healthy controls
      varied with the antigens and the patients or donors tested. To determine whether
      the suppression is directed at antigen presenting cells (APCs) or at the
      responding T cells, experiments with antigen-primed non-adherent cells,
      separately incubated with W6/32, were performed. Suppression of proliferation was
      only observed when the W6/32 mAb was added in the presence of T cells. These data
      provide evidence that a mAb directed at HLA class I framework determinants can
      suppress proliferation and cytokine secretion in response to several antigens.

PMID- 9951555
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi: amastigote polymorphism defined by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - We have raised monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed towards amastigote forms of
      Trypanosoma cruzi, and shown that mAbs ID9 and 4B9 are carbohydrate while mAb 4B5
      activity is resistant to periodate oxidation of the antigen. Here we used an
      ELISA to quantitate and compare the expression of surface epitopes on fixed
      parasites among different parasite isolates. The expression of markers varied
      among T. cruzi amastigotes isolated from infected cells or after extracellular
      differentiation of trypomastigotes. Moreover, we also observed an extensive
      polymorphic expression of these epitopes among amastigotes derived from different
      strains and clones. For instance, mAb 2C2 strongly and evenly reacted with 9
      strains and clones (G, Y, CL, Tulahuen, MD, and F, and clones Sylvio X-10/4, D11,
      and CL.B), with absorbance at 492 nm (A492 nm) from 0.6 to 0.8. By contrast, mAb
      4B5 had a higher expression in Tulahuen amastigotes (around 0.9 at 492 nm)
      whereas its reactivity with amastigotes from clones CL.B, Sylvio X-10/4 and D11
      was much lower (around 0.4). mAb 1D9 displayed an interesting pattern of
      reactivity with amastigotes of the different strains and clones (A492 nm of G >
      D11 > or = Sylvio X-10/4 = MD > Tulahuen = F = Y > CL > CL.B). Finally, we
      observed that mAb 4B9 had the lowest reaction with the parasites studied, with
      higher values of A492 nm with Y strain (around 0.6) and lower values with
      Tulahuen, F and CL.B strains (around 0.2). Immunoblotting analysis also showed
      extensive variations among amastigotes of the various parasite isolates and mAbs
      4B9, 1D9 and 4B5 revealed significant differences in expression between clones
      and parental strains. These data describe a previously uncharacterized
      polymorphism of T. cruzi amastigote surface components.

PMID- 9951556
TI  - Cytotoxic activity of BCG-activated macrophages against L929 tumor cells is
      nitric oxide-dependent.
AB  - The tumoricidal activity of activated macrophages has been attributed largely to
      the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or to the production of reactive
      oxygen or nitrogen intermediates. The L929 tumor cell line (a murine fibroblast
      like cell) when treated with actinomycin D (ActD) has been used to measure TNF
      alpha cytotoxicity. In the present study, we determined the cytotoxic activity of
      BCG-activated peritoneal macrophages against ActD-untreated L929 tumor cells.
      Furthermore, we measured the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide
      (NO) and TNF by macrophages cultured in the presence or absence of L929 cells. As
      expected, BCG-activated macrophages produced significant amounts of H2O2 (16.0 +/
      3.0 microM), TNF (512 U/ml) and NO (71.5 +/- 3.2 microM). TNF (256 U/ml) and NO
      (78.9 +/- 9.7 microM) production was unchanged in co-cultures of L929 cells with
      BCG-activated macrophages but H2O2 production was totally inhibited. The
      cytotoxic activity was dependent on NO release since L-NAME (2.5, 5.0 and 10 mM),
      which blocks NO synthase, inhibited the killing of L929 cells. Addition of anti
      TNF (20 micrograms/ml) antibodies to the cultures did not affect the tumoricidal
      activity of macrophages. Our results indicate that macrophage-mediated killing of
      L929 cells is largely dependent on NO production but independent of H2O2 or TNF
      release.

PMID- 9951557
TI  - Role of angiotensin II and vasopressin receptors within the supraoptic nucleus in
      water and sodium intake induced by the injection of angiotensin II into the
      medial septal area.
AB  - In this study we investigated the effects of the injection into the supraoptic
      nucleus (SON) of non-peptide AT1- and AT2-angiotensin II (ANG II) receptor
      antagonists, DuP753 and PD123319, as well as of the arginine-vasopressin (AVP)
      receptor antagonist d(CH2)5-Tyr(Me)-AVP, on water and 3% NaCl intake induced by
      the injection of ANG II into the medial septal area (MSA). The effects on water
      or 3% NaCl intake were assessed in 30-h water-deprived or in 20-h water-deprived
      furosemide-treated adult male rats, respectively. The drugs were injected in 0.5
      microliter over 30-60 s. Controls were injected with a similar volume of 0.15 M
      NaCl. Antagonists were injected at doses of 20, 80 and 180 nmol. Water and sodium
      intake was measured over a 2-h period. Previous administration of the AT1
      receptor antagonist DuP753 into the SON decreased water (65%, N = 10, P < 0.01)
      and sodium intake (81%, N = 8, P < 0.01) induced by the injection of ANG II (10
      nmol) into the MSA. Neither of these responses was significantly changed by
      injection of the AT2-receptor antagonist PD123319 into the SON. On the other
      hand, while there was a decrease in water intake (45%, N = 9, P < 0.01), ANG II
      induced sodium intake was significantly increased (70%, N = 8, P < 0.01)
      following injection of the V1-type vasopressin antagonist d(CH2)5-Tyr(Me)-AVP
      into the SON. These results suggest that both AT1 and V1 receptors within the SON
      may be involved in water and sodium intake induced by the activation of ANG II
      receptors within the MSA. Furthermore, they do not support the involvement of MSA
      AT2 receptors in the mediation of these responses.

PMID- 9951558
TI  - Involvement of hippocampal NMDA receptors in retention of shuttle avoidance
      conditioning in rats.
AB  - The purpose of this research was to evaluate the role of hippocampal N-methyl-D
      aspartate (NMDA) receptors in acquisition and consolidation of memory during
      shuttle avoidance conditioning in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were surgically
      implanted with cannulae aimed at the CA1 area of the dorsal hippocampus. After
      recovery from surgery, animals were trained and tested in a shuttle avoidance
      apparatus (30 trials, 0.5-mA footshock, 24-h training-test interval). Immediately
      before or immediately after training, animals received a bilateral
      intrahippocampal 0.5-microliter infusion containing 5.0 microgram of the NMDA
      competitive receptor antagonist aminophosphonopentanoic acid (AP5) or vehicle
      (phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4). Infusion duration was 2 min per side. Pre
      training infusion of AP5 impaired retention test performance (mean +/- SEM number
      of conditioned responses (CRs) during retention test session was 16.47 +/- 1.78
      in the vehicle group and 9.93 +/- 1.59 in the AP5 group; P < 0.05). Post-training
      infusion of AP5 did not affect retention (mean +/- SEM number of conditioned
      responses during retention test session was 18.46 +/- 1.94 in the vehicle group
      and 20.42 +/- 2.38 in the AP5 group; P > 0.10). This impairment could not be
      attributed to an effect on acquisition, motor activity or footshock sensitivity
      since AP5 affected neither training session performance measured by the number of
      CRs nor the number of intertrial crossings during the training session. These
      data suggest that NMDA receptors in the hippocampus are critical for retention of
      shuttle avoidance conditioning, in agreement with previous evidence showing a
      role of NMDA receptors in fear memory.

PMID- 9951559
TI  - Decreased gastric emptying and gastrointestinal and intestinal transits of liquid
      after complete spinal cord transection in awake rats.
AB  - We studied the effect of complete spinal cord transection (SCT) on gastric
      emptying (GE) and on gastrointestinal (GI) and intestinal transits of liquid in
      awake rats using the phenol red method. Male Wistar rats (N = 65) weighing 180
      200 g were fasted for 24 h and complete SCT was performed between C7 and T1
      vertebrae after a careful midline dorsal incision. GE and GI and intestinal
      transits were measured 15 min, 6 h or 24 h after recovery from anesthesia. A test
      meal (0.5 mg/ml phenol red in 5% glucose solution) was administered
      intragastrically (1.5 ml) and the animals were sacrificed by an i.v. thiopental
      overdose 10 min later to evaluate GE and GI transit. For intestinal transit
      measurements, 1 ml of the test meal was administered into the proximal duodenum
      through a cannula inserted into a gastric fistula. GE was inhibited (P < 0.05) by
      34.3, 23.4 and 22.7%, respectively, at 15 min, 6 h and 24 h after SCT. GI transit
      was inhibited (P < 0.05) by 42.5, 19.8 and 18.4%, respectively, at 15 min, 6 h
      and 24 h after SCT. Intestinal transit was also inhibited (P < 0.05) by 48.8,
      47.2 and 40.1%, respectively, at 15 min, 6 h and 24 h after SCT. Mean arterial
      pressure was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by 48.5, 46.8 and 41.5%,
      respectively, at 15 min, 6 h and 24 h after SCT. In summary, our report describes
      a decreased GE and GI and intestinal transits in awake rats within the first 24 h
      after high SCT.

PMID- 9951560
TI  - Kindling and second messengers: an approach to the neurobiology of recurrence in
      bipolar disorder.
AB  - Since bipolar disorder is inherently a longitudinal illness characterized by
      recurrence and cycling of mood episodes, neurobiological theories involving
      kindlinglike phenomena appear to possess a certain explanatory power. An approach
      to understanding kindlinglike phenomena at the molecular level has been made
      possible by advances in research on second-messenger systems in the brain. The
      time frame of interest has shifted from the microseconds of presynaptic events to
      hours, days, months, and even years in the longer duration of events beyond the
      synapse--through second messengers, gene regulation, and synthesis of long-acting
      trophic factors. These complex interlocking systems may explain how environmental
      stress could interact over time with genetic vulnerability to produce illness. In
      its two sections, this paper will review an approach to understanding two major
      aspects of the neurobiology of bipolar disorder: kindling phenomena and second
      messenger mechanisms. We will suggest that these two fields of research together
      help explain the biology of recurrence.

PMID- 9951561
TI  - Oxytocin, vasopressin, and autism: is there a connection?
AB  - Autism is a poorly understood developmental disorder characterized by social
      impairment, communication deficits, and compulsive behavior. The authors review
      evidence from animal studies demonstrating that the nonapeptides, oxytocin and
      vasopressin, have unique effects on the normal expression of species-typical
      social behavior, communication, and rituals. Based on this evidence, they
      hypothesize that an abnormality in oxytocin or vasopressin neurotransmission may
      account for several features of autism. As autism appears to be a genetic
      disorder, mutations in the various peptide, peptide receptor, or lineage-specific
      developmental genes could lead to altered oxytocin or vasopressin
      neurotransmission. Many of these genes have been cloned and sequenced, and
      several polymorphisms have been identified. Recent gene targeting studies that
      alter expression of either the peptides or their receptors in the rodent brain
      partially support the autism hypothesis. While previous experience suggests
      caution in hypothesizing a cause or suggesting a treatment for autism, the
      available preclinical evidence with oxytocin and vasopressin recommends the need
      for clinical studies using gene scanning, pharmacological and neurobiological
      approaches.

PMID- 9951562
TI  - Whole blood serotonin and plasma beta-endorphin in autistic probands and their
      first-degree relatives.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Whole blood serotonin (5-HT) and C-terminally directed beta-endorphin
      protein immunoreactivity (C-ter-beta-EP-ir) are known to be elevated in autistic
      subjects and might be possible markers of genetic liability to autism. This study
      thus investigates the familial aggregation of 5-HT and of C-ter-beta-EP-ir levels
      in first degree relatives of autistic probands. METHODS: In a sample of 62
      autistic subjects and 122 of their first-degree relatives, compared to age and
      sex-matched controls, we measured 5-HT by radioenzymology and C-ter-beta-EP-ir by
      radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: We confirm the previously reported familiality of
      hyperserotoninemia in autism as mothers (51%), fathers (45%) and siblings (87%)
      have elevated levels of 5-HT, and we reveal presence of elevated levels of C-ter
      beta-EP-ir in mothers (53%) of autistic subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Familial
      aggregation of quantitative variables, such as concentration of
      neurotransmitters, within unaffected relative could serve as an intermediate
      phenotype and might thus help the search of genetic susceptibility factors in
      autism.

PMID- 9951563
TI  - Effect of long-term administration of antidepressant treatments on serotonin
      release in brain regions involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Among all antidepressant treatments, including electroconvulsive
      shock (ECS) therapy and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), only the selective
      serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) exert a clear therapeutic effect in
      obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). An 8-week, but not a 3-week treatment with
      the SSRI paroxetine results in an increased electrically evoked [3H]5-HT release
      and a desensitization of 5-HT autoreceptors in the guinea pig orbitofrontal
      cortex, a brain region implicated in OCD. METHODS: In the present study, the
      effect of long-term treatment with the SSRI fluoxetine, ECS, and the reversible
      type A MAOI moclobemide was investigated on evoked [3H]5-HT release from
      preloaded guinea pig brain slices prepared from the hypothalamus, cingulate
      cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex. RESULTS: Fluoxetine treatment yielded an
      enhanced [3H]5-HT release in the three brain areas, but a desensitization of the
      5-HT autoreceptor only in the hypothalamus and orbitofrontal cortex. ECS
      treatment did not result in any alteration of the electrically evoked [3H]5-HT
      release or of 5-HT autoreceptor sensitivity in any of the brain regions.
      Moclobemide increased [3H]5-HT release only in the orbitofrontal cortex without
      any alteration in the 5-HT autoreceptor sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings
      indicate that only treatments effective in OCD have the capacity to desensitize
      the terminal 5-HT autoreceptor in the orbitofrontal cortex.

PMID- 9951564
TI  - Chronic fluoxetine administration increases the serotonin N-acetyltransferase
      messenger RNA content in rat hippocampus.
AB  - BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that up-regulation of cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate response element binding protein is a common action of chronic
      antidepressant treatments that may regulate specific target genes in the
      hippocampus. We hypothesized that the serotonin N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT; EC
      2.3.1.87) gene is one such target. AA-NAT leads to formation of N-acetylserotonin
      from serotonin, and in the pineal gland, to melatonin synthesis. We investigated
      whether hippocampal AA-NAT expression can be modified by chronic administration
      of fluoxetine to rats. METHODS: Male Brown-Norway rats were administered 5 mg/kg
      fluoxetine or its vehicle either once (acute) or once daily for 21 days
      (chronic). They were sacrificed 18 hours after the last injection, and their
      hippocampi were processed for a quantitative reverse-transcription/polymerase
      chain reaction assay of AA-NAT and cyclophilin (cyc) messenger (m)RNAs. The
      results are expressed as AA-NAT/cyc ratios. RESULTS: Chronic but not acute
      fluoxetine administration resulted in about a fivefold increase in hippocampal AA
      NAT mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: Up-regulation of extrapineal, e.g., hippocampal, AA-NAT
      expression may play a role in mediating the therapeutic action of antidepressant
      drugs.

PMID- 9951565
TI  - The cortical serotonin2 receptors studied with positron-emission tomography and
      [18F]-setoperone during depressive illness and antidepressant treatment with
      clomipramine.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Changes in serotonin (5-HT)2 receptor densities were reported in
      depression by postmortem studies and following treatment with tricyclic
      antidepressants in animal studies. Here, 5-HT2 receptors were studied in vivo in
      depressed patients. METHODS: Cortical 5-HT2 receptors were investigated
      prospectively using positron-emission tomography and [18F]-setoperone in 7
      depressed patients, before and after at least 3 weeks of clomipramine (CMI), 150
      mg daily. They were compared to 7 age-matched controls. RESULTS: There was no
      significant difference between the untreated patients and the controls, except in
      the frontal region, where the [18F]-setoperone specific binding was slightly
      lower in patients. After CMI treatment, depression scores significantly improved
      and [18F]-setoperone specific binding decreased in cortical regions, suggesting
      receptor occupancy and/or receptor regulation, by CMI; however, no clinical score
      correlated with the 5-HT2 receptor measurements either in the untreated or in the
      treated conditions. CONCLUSIONS: These data substantiate the view that tricyclic
      antidepressants such as clomipramine significantly interact with cortical 5-HT2
      serotoninergic receptors in actual therapeutic situations.

PMID- 9951566
TI  - The relationship between poststroke depression and lesion location in long-term
      follow-up.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We have previously reported that during the acute poststroke period,
      poststroke major depression was significantly associated with left anterior
      lesions. Furthermore, we found that proximity of the lesion to the left frontal
      pole was correlated with severity of depression. Several investigators, however,
      have failed to replicate these findings when patients were studied beyond the
      acute stroke period. METHODS: We longitudinally examined the relationship between
      lesion size, lesion location, impairment variables, and the presence and severity
      of depression in 60 single lesion patients examined in-hospital and at short-term
      (3-6 months) and long-term (1-2 years) follow-up. RESULTS: Only in-hospital
      depression was significantly associated with left anterior hemisphere lesion
      location. At short-term follow-up, proximity of the lesion to the frontal pole,
      and lesion volume correlated with depression in both right and left hemisphere.
      At 1-2 years poststroke, depression was significantly associated with right
      hemisphere lesion volume and proximity of the lesion to the occipital pole.
      CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical correlates of poststroke depression change over time
      and may explain interstudy differences in the association of lesion location with
      poststroke depression.

PMID- 9951567
TI  - The differentiation of DSM-III-R psychotic depression in later life from
      nonpsychotic depression: comparisons of brain changes measured by multispectral
      analysis of magnetic resonance brain images, neuropsychological findings, and
      clinical features.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Psychotic depression has been proposed as a distinct subtype of major
      depression. There is considerable evidence for this in younger patients, although
      the neuroimaging has been rudimentary. Volumetric imaging studies are required of
      consecutive cohorts of patients with depression. METHODS: Ninety-nine consecutive
      elderly patients were diagnosed with DSM-III-R major depression. Eighteen were
      psychotic, and 81 were not. Sixty-six patients were given a neuropsychological
      test battery, and 44 had a magnetic resonance imaging brain scan. A model
      integrating clinical, psychological, and neuroimaging findings for the
      explanation of delusion formation during depression is proposed. RESULTS:
      Psychotic depression was characterized by worse physical health, more family
      history of depression, a poorer response to antidepressant drugs, and more severe
      lowering of mood; however, the strongest predictors of the presence of delusions
      were diencephalic atrophy, reticular activating system lesions, brain stem
      atrophy, and left-sided frontotemporal atrophy. The psychotic patients had poorer
      performance on tests of frontal lobe function and mental processing speed.
      CONCLUSIONS: In the elderly, psychotic depression is etiologically, clinically,
      and neuroradiologically distinct, and has different treatment requirements, from
      nonpsychotic major depression.

PMID- 9951568
TI  - Pretreatment REM sleep and subjective sleep quality distinguish depressed
      psychotherapy remitters and nonremitters.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We compared pretreatment subjective and electroencephalographic sleep
      measures among depressed patients who remitted with psychotherapy alone and those
      who did not remit. METHODS: Patients were 111 midlife women with recurrent major
      depressive disorder. Baseline psychiatric ratings and sleep studies were
      conducted prior to treatment with weekly interpersonal psychotherapy. Remission
      was defined as a score of < or = 7 for 3 consecutive weeks on the Hamilton
      Depression Rating Scale. Clinical and sleep measures were compared between
      remitters (n = 62) and nonremitters (n = 49) using t tests and random regression.
      Linear discriminant function analyses were used to categorize remitters and
      nonremitters on the basis of sleep measures. RESULTS: Treatment nonremitters had
      significantly worse subjective sleep quality and significantly elevated phasic
      REM sleep as measured by multivariate and univariate analyses. The linear
      accumulation of REM activity during sleep occurred at a significantly higher rate
      in nonremitters than in remitters. Linear discriminant function analyses based on
      subjective sleep quality and REM activity correctly identified 68.3% of
      nonremitters and 68.5% of remitters. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the
      role of subjective and REM sleep measures as correlates of short-term
      psychotherapy treatment response in major depressive disorder. Disturbed sleep
      may be a physiological indicator of increased limbic and brain stem arousal.

PMID- 9951569
TI  - Vitamin B12 and folate levels and lithium administration in patients with
      affective disorders.
AB  - BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether there is a relationship between lithium
      administration and vitamin B12 metabolism. METHODS: We compared serum B12, serum
      folate, and red blood cell folate concentrations in patients receiving and not
      receiving lithium at two Mood Disorders Clinics. As the two centers differed in
      vitamin assay methods, data were first analyzed separately and then combined. To
      rule out an in vitro effect of lithium on the assays, we also added varying
      amounts of lithium to lithium-free blood samples and measured vitamin
      concentrations. RESULTS: Mean serum B12 concentrations were approximately 20%
      lower in the lithium than in the nonlithium group at each center. This difference
      was statistically significant for each center and on combination (two-tailed p =
      .017, .021, and .0009). The parametric effect size for each center and the
      combined weighted mean effect size were moderate in magnitude (.605, .523, and
      .565). There was a nonsignificant trend toward an increased prevalence of assay
      defined B12 deficiency in the lithium group at one center only, with no cases in
      either group at the other center and a nonsignificant combined relative risk.
      CONCLUSIONS: Our data may represent a lithium-associated decrease in serum B12
      concentration. The clinical significance of these findings is not yet clear.

PMID- 9951571
TI  - Treatment of refractory chronic depression and dysthymia with high-dose
      thyroxine.
AB  - BACKGROUND: An 8-week open trial was conducted to investigate whether patients
      with treatment-resistant, chronic depression and/or dysthymia could profit from
      high-dose thyroxine (T4) augmentation. METHODS: Nine patients whose current
      depressive episode had lasted for a mean of 15.5 +/- 8.6 months (range: 2-30
      months) received T4 in addition to their current medication. RESULTS: Two
      patients dropped out of the study owing to side effects. The remaining 7 patients
      received a final mean dose of T4 of 235 +/- 58 micrograms/day (range: 150-300
      micrograms/day). Their scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale had fallen
      from a mean of 21.1 +/- 4.1 before inclusion in the study to a mean of 8.0 +/-
      2.8 at the end of the 8th week. Five patients were full responders, 1 a partial
      responder, and 1 a nonresponder. CONCLUSIONS: Augmentation with high-dose T4
      proved to have an antidepressant effect in more than 50% of the previously
      treatment-resistant patients with chronic depression and/or dysthymia.

PMID- 9951570
TI  - Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis effects on plasma homovanillic acid in man.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Effects of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis on central
      dopaminergic systems have been proposed to underlie the development of psychotic
      symptoms in depression. This study examined HPA axis hormone effects on plasma
      levels of homovanillic acid (HVA), the dopamine metabolite, in healthy
      volunteers, using a placebo-controlled, double-blind, random-assignment,
      crossover design. On the basis of preliminary studies, we hypothesized that HPA
      axis hormones would produce delayed effects on plasma HVA levels measured in the
      afternoon. METHODS: Ten healthy subjects underwent a standard protocol on four
      occasions and each time received ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone, synthetic
      adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, or placebo. Plasma HVA was measured
      at 9 AM and 4 PM on Day 1, immediately prior to administration of the test
      substance at 7 PM, then at 30-60-min intervals until 11 PM. Plasma HVA levels
      were subsequently obtained at 9 AM and 4 PM on Days 2 and 3. RESULTS: As
      predicted, there were significant differences between test substances in delayed
      effects on afternoon HVA levels measured on Days 2 and 3, with cortisol and ACTH
      producing greater increases in HVA than placebo. Acute effects of HPA axis
      hormones on HVA were not found, while differences between test substances in
      delayed effects on morning HVA levels approached significance. CONCLUSIONS: HPA
      axis hormones exert delayed effects on plasma HVA levels in healthy humans.

PMID- 9951573
TI  - The effects of serotonin3 receptor blockade on the psychobiological response to
      intravenous clomipramine in healthy human subjects.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the role that serotonin (5
      HT)3 receptors play in the prolactin and nausea responses to clomipramine
      challenge. METHODS: Twenty healthy subjects were randomly assigned to
      pretreatment with either the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron, or
      placebo, prior to intravenous infusion with clomipramine. RESULTS: Ondansetron
      pretreatment had no effect on the prolactin response to clomipramine challenge.
      There was a trend toward decreased nausea with ondansetron pre-treatment.
      CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with other data suggesting that 5-HT3
      receptors do not play a major role in the prolactin response to 5-HT challenge in
      human subjects, but may mediate nausea associated with enhanced 5-HT
      neurotransmission.

PMID- 9951572
TI  - Acute stress increases thyroid hormone levels in rat brain.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In experimental animals, exposure to uncontrollable stress induces a
      number of behavioral and biochemical changes that resemble symptoms seen in human
      depression and other psychiatric conditions. The present study used a yoked
      design to examine the effects of uncontrollable footshock stress on brain thyroid
      hormones in male and female rats. METHODS: Animals in one group received 15
      trials where footshock could be terminated by pressing a lever (escapable shock).
      Rats in a second group received the same amount of shock, but had no control over
      shock termination (inescapable shock). Control rats received no shock. RESULTS:
      No significant differences were found among the three groups, for either males or
      females, in whole brain levels of thyroxine (T4) 3 hours after the footshock
      session. In contrast, significant group differences in brain levels of
      triiodothyronine (T3) were found for both males and females. In males, brain T3
      was elevated by 21% in the inescapable shock group when compared to controls (p <
      .012). In females, brain T3 increased by 19% in the escapable shock group when
      compared to controls (p < .026). Plasma levels of both T3 and T4 were at control
      levels for all groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide the first demonstration
      that brain T3 levels change rapidly in response to acute stress. The data further
      suggest that the effects of stress controllability on brain T3 levels may be
      different for males and females.

PMID- 9951574
TI  - Possible dihydroepiandrosterone-induced mania.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is among the most abundant steroids in
      the human body and appears to have diverse biochemical activities. This
      multifunctional hormone has long been a compound of interest to research
      psychiatrists. Its recent promotion and availability as an over-the-counter
      supplement to the general public has led to widespread use. Little is known about
      potential adverse effects of DHEA when consumed on an acute or chronic basis. We
      report a case of mania in an older man acutely admitted to our psychiatric
      facility with no previous personal or family history of bipolar disorder that
      appeared to be related to recent DHEA use. The patient had initiated DHEA use 6
      months prior to admission and was taking 200-300 mg/day at the time of
      presentation. METHODS: He was treated with valproic acid 500 mg twice daily.
      RESULTS: The patient showed sufficient improvement to be discharged following a 7
      day inpatient hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: A wide range of medications have been
      associated with the induction of hypomania and mania, and we have provided a
      brief discussion of the potential for DHEA to trigger manic symptoms.

PMID- 9951575
TI  - Lupron-induced mania.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Gonadotropins and sex hormones are intimately related to the
      stability of affective states. Patients with affective disorders may demonstrate
      abnormal levels of sex hormones and gonadotropins. It is therefore possible that
      affective disorder patients may experience mood dysregulation by synthetic sex
      hormones and gonadotropins like lupron. METHODS: A case report of a young woman
      with a history of endometriosis and a past history of irritability and depression
      is described. Treatment of the endometriosis with lupron induced a manic episode.
      RESULTS: The lupron-induced mania was successfully treated with a mood
      stabilizing agent, lithium carbonate. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a history of
      affective disorder may develop manic episodes when treated with Lupron. Mood
      stabilizing agents are helpful in ameliorating this unwanted effect.

PMID- 9951576
TI  - Assessment of cell death.

PMID- 9951577
TI  - First clinical evaluation of the CELL-DYN 3200 haematology analyser.
AB  - A prototype of the CELL-DYN 3200 haematology analyser was evaluated in a tertiary
      care hospital laboratory. Precision, effects of sample ageing, linearity, carry
      over, and comparability of cellular blood counts and five-part leucocyte
      differentiation were determined in accordance with the ICSH guidelines for the
      evaluation of blood cell analysers; the results were satisfactory for all
      parameters tested: haemoglobin concentration, RBC, MCV, WBC, platelet count, and
      counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. Two-hundred and
      forty-seven routine blood samples were used for the comparability studies. The
      cellular blood count results from the CELL-DYN 3200 and the Bayer Diagnostic H-1
      systems corresponded closely (correlation coefficient r > 0.96 for all
      parameters). For 201 samples without an instrument-generated suspect flag the
      same was true with regard to the differential parameters, although somewhat lower
      correlation was observed for monocyte counts (r = 0.88). Comparisons to 400-cell
      microscopic differentials gave similar results (r > 0.93 for neutrophil,
      lymphocyte and eosinophil counts). Our results suggest that the CELL-DYN 3200
      analyser will serve the needs for automated blood cell counting and differential
      leucocyte counting in a tertiary care hospital laboratory.

PMID- 9951578
TI  - Red blood cell depletion of cord blood using hydroxyethylstarch double
      sedimentation: analysis of 40 cases.
AB  - Cord blood has been shown to successfully reconstitute haematopoiesis following
      allogeneic transplantation in a variety of disorders. A major drawback of cord
      blood has been the risk of transfusion reaction secondary to ABO incompatibility
      and reduction in the stem cell pool if cord blood is manipulated to remove red
      cells. We report our experience on red blood cell depletion of cord blood (CB)
      with hydroxyethylstarch (HES) double sedimentation. The nucleated and
      mononucleated cell recovery passed from 78.4% at 90 min to 92.9% at 180 min and
      from 85% at 90 min to 96% at 180 min, respectively. The overall recovery of
      CCD34+ cells and of haemopoietic progenitors (CFU-GM) was 90.5% and 83.8%,
      respectively. The data indicate that HES double sedimentation is a simple and
      effective technique for cord blood manipulation, but further studies are
      necessary to evaluate the clonogenic progenitor recovery after thawing.

PMID- 9951579
TI  - Functional interaction of the gp80 and gp130 IL-6 receptors in human B cell
      malignancies.
AB  - IL-6, or cytokines of the IL-6 family using gp130 as transducer chain receptor,
      have been suggested to play a role in certain B lymphoid neoplasia. The presence
      of cell membrane gp80 and gp130 IL-6 receptors was studied in 98 patients with
      various leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma using flow cytofluorometry
      and immunohistology. Except neoplasia of immature B cells which expressed neither
      of the receptors, the majority of B cell tumours expressed one or both of them,
      mantle cell lymphoma being found to express the highest density of receptors.
      Using IL-6-dependent XG myeloma cell lines and mAb recognizing various gp80 and
      gp130 functional epitopes, it has been shown that IL-6 activation leads to a
      modified expression of some epitopes. In particular, the decrease or the
      disappearance of a gp130 epitope called A1 signed gp130 dimerization which is the
      first step of the gp130 activation pathway. Gp80 and gp130 epitope analysis was
      achieved in 17 of the patients. In four, an epitope phenotype compatible with a
      cytokine-induced activation was found. The cells of five B-CLL patients which
      expressed both gp80 and gp130 receptors were incubated with IL-6 to induce
      activation. In three of the cases they were found to rearrange their receptors in
      activated forms but not in the two others, showing that cells able to be
      activated or not can be found. These results confirm that gp130 signalling might
      play an important role in the pathogenesis of certain B cell neoplasia.

PMID- 9951580
TI  - The effects of cardiotoxic chemotherapy on blood pressure in patients with
      lymphoma.
AB  - Treatment for lymphoma often involves regimens containing doxorubicin and/or
      cyclophosphamide. Both are cardiotoxic and we have previously shown that the
      ascending and descending aorta can also be affected. In view of this we have
      measured the ambulatory blood pressures of patients newly diagnosed with lymphoma
      undergoing chemotherapy with and without cardiotoxic agents. Three separate 24 h
      recordings were taken: at the beginning, half-way through and on completion of
      treatment. There was no significant change in the blood pressure whether or not
      treatment included doxorubicin and/or cyclophosphamide containing regimens. Our
      findings suggest that the peripheral vasculature is not affected by standard
      first-line cardiotoxic chemotherapy in patients without known cardiovascular
      disease.

PMID- 9951581
TI  - Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase C677T genotype and stroke.
AB  - High levels of homocysteine are associated with atherosclerosis. A thermolabile
      form of the enzyme methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has been proposed
      as a major cause of a genetic predisposition to hyperhomocysteinaemia and a point
      mutation at nucleotide 677 of the MTHFR gene causing a thermolabile MTHFR has
      been described. We looked for this mutation in 271 patients with CT proven
      cerebrovascular accidents and 173 control subjects. No significant difference in
      the frequency of the mutant genotype was found between patients with strokes and
      the control group. Separate analysis of those under 65 and subdividing stroke
      patients by anatomical location also revealed no significant difference. We
      conclude, therefore, that in this population the mutation evaluated is not a
      major contributor to the aetiology of cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 9951582
TI  - Clinical experience with the use of clotting factor concentrates in oral
      anticoagulation reversal.
AB  - We report the clinical experience of a large Haemophilia Centre and Haemostasis
      Unit in reversing oral anticoagulation (OAC) using clotting factor concentrates.
      This is a retrospective study extending over 2 years (January 1996-December
      1997). Reversal was performed using a combination of factor IX and factor VII
      concentrates administered by intravenous infusion. in a dose varying between 12
      i.u./kg and 50 i.u./kg. We identified 20 episodes of OAC reversal in 18 patients,
      with a prevalence of 10 reversal episodes/1000 OAC patients/year. The median age
      was 77 years old (range 53-92 years). Indications for OAC reversal were divided
      into major bleeds (muscle haematoma [9], haematuria [3], subarachnoid haemorrhage
      [1], oesophageal bleeding [1], haemoptysis [1], haemarthrosis [1]); minor bleeds
      (extensive bruising [9], epistaxis [3], oral cavity bleeding [1]); and emergency
      invasive investigation (2). Pre-reversal, the international normalized ration
      (INR) was greater than 6.0 in 15/18 patients. Post-infusion. there was an
      immediate reduction in the INR towards normal (mean 1.3; range 1.1-2.3). There
      were no thrombotic complications or other adverse effects. The median use of
      factor 9 A concentrate was 2300 units/patient (range 570-4195), at a cost of 645
      Pounds/patient and for factor VII concentrate 2200 units/patient (range 815
      3630), at a cost of 664 Pounds/patient. Clotting factor concentrates provide a
      safe, rapid and effective means for OAC reversal and although expensive it is the
      treatment of choice in the over anticoagulated, bleeding patient.

PMID- 9951583
TI  - Laboratory control of oral anticoagulant therapy: preservation of prothrombin
      time specimens using a polypropylene collection system.
AB  - Previous studies have shown a marked time and temperature dependent shortening of
      the prothrombin time (PT) when blood is exposed to borosilicate (glass) or
      siliconized borosilicate tubes. Current recommendations are that samples for PT
      estimation should be tested within 2 h of collection. In this study using
      polypropylene collection tubes, blood obtained from 30 patients on oral
      anticoagulant therapy showed no significant change in International Normalized
      Ratio (INR) value after 24 h storage--either at 4 degrees C or room temperature.
      After 48 h. changes in INR values from refrigerated samples were still clinically
      insignificant. After 48 h storage at room temperature, however, a minority of
      samples showed an increase in INR value which may be of clinical importance. The
      range of INRs studied was 1.0-9.1. In a second evaluation, replicate specimens
      from 22 orally anticoagulated patients with INRs ranging from 1.0 to 9.6 showed
      no significant change after 24 h at either temperature--even when samples had
      been subjected to 30 min of gentle agitation prior to storage and analysis.
      Overall, the results indicate that when polypropylene collection tubes are used,
      prothrombin time specimens can be successfully preserved for up to 24 h at room
      temperature or up to 48 h when refrigerated.

PMID- 9951584
TI  - Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria of childhood: a review of the management and
      unusual presenting features of six cases.
AB  - We report six cases of children presenting with paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria
      occurring in a 3-year period in the north-west of England. In all six cases the
      onset of the illness was dramatic and its duration brief. We note the prominent
      red cell agglutination was evident in the blood film, the absence of a prompt
      reticulocyte response and a negative classical direct Donath Landsteiner test in
      each of these cases. The Direct Coombs Test (DCT) was positive when
      anticomplement reagents were used but high titres of free autoantibody were not
      demonstrated in the serum.

PMID- 9951585
TI  - Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in a patient with essential thrombocythaemia.
AB  - A patient who developed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia 6 years after an initial
      diagnosis of essential thrombocythaemia is described. This association, which was
      not treatment related, is extremely rare and only two other cases have been
      previously described in the literature.

PMID- 9951586
TI  - Clarence Livingood, MD. Interview by Victor H. Witten.

PMID- 9951587
TI  - Dermatitis in a musician. Part IV: Physiologic, emotional, and infectious
      problems in musicians.

PMID- 9951588
TI  - Bowel bypass syndrome without bowel bypass.
AB  - "Bowel bypass syndrome without bowel bypass" is an entity in which patients have
      the same clinical presentation as patients with bowel bypass syndrome, but with
      other gastrointestinal disorders. We present two cases of this disorder, one who
      responded to metronidazole and ciprofloxacin, and the other who responded to
      prednisone and metronidazole.

PMID- 9951589
TI  - A case of bullous frostbite following recreational snowmobiling.
AB  - Frostbite is the occurrence of localized tissue freezing and injury. It results
      following cold exposure of sufficient magnitude or duration to cause acute tissue
      damage. Although there are several conditions that predispose to frostbite, all
      are at risk if subject to sufficient cold exposure. We discuss a case of
      frostbite presenting with bullae localized to the neck resulting from extreme
      cold encountered while snowmobiling at night in Minnesota, an entity known by
      some local practitioners as "polaris vulgaris."

PMID- 9951590
TI  - Leukocytoclastic vasculitis as a cutaneous manifestation of systemic infection
      caused by Brucella melitensis.
AB  - A 22-year-old man with leukocytoclastic vasculitis as a cutaneous manifestation
      of brucellosis is presented. Skin lesions resolved 48 hours after starting
      treatment with tetracycline and rifampicin. Although skin manifestations are
      rarely associated with infection due to Brucella and do not seem to worsen the
      prognosis, they may cause the patient to seek medical attention as well as
      contribute to the diagnosis.

PMID- 9951591
TI  - Trauma-induced linear scleroderma.
AB  - Linear scleroderma (linear morphea) is a form of localized scleroderma
      characterized by sclerotic lesions distributed in a linear, band-like pattern.
      Despite its benign course, the disease can cause severe cosmetic, orthopedic, and
      psychologic problems. The cause is unknown. Many cases are preceded by a history
      of trauma. We describe a case in which linear scleroderma occurred following a
      laceration to the affected site. We review the treatment options and discuss the
      current theories regarding the pathogenesis of the disease.

PMID- 9951592
TI  - Hypersensitivity reactions to parenteral vitamin K.
AB  - Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to vitamin K are rare. They occur almost
      exclusively with fat-soluble vitamin K (K1). The lesion is most commonly a
      pruritic, indurated plaque at the site where the vitamin was injected. Most
      plaques resolve within 4 to 8 week without sequelae, but some progress to produce
      scar-like changes that may last for years.

PMID- 9951593
TI  - Amitriptyline-induced erythema annulare centrifugum.
AB  - A case of amitriptyline-induced superficial erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC)
      is reported. Its singular characteristics are prominent epidermal manifestations,
      with clinical and histologic vesiculation, associated with vacuolar degeneration
      at the dermoepidermal junction; numerous arciform lesions, accompanied by diffuse
      erythema on rechallenge; quick change, more rapid than that usually described for
      EAC; and a short course, in contrast with the usual chronic evolution of EAC. To
      our knowledge, this is the first reported case of EAC associated with
      amitriptyline intake.

PMID- 9951594
TI  - Solitary mastocytoma arising at a hepatitis B vaccination site.
AB  - On the first day of life, a healthy infant was given a recombinant hepatitis B
      vaccine. Over the following year, a 3 by 4.5 cm, well-defined, erythematous patch
      with an overlying white, reticulated, smaller plaque gradually appeared on her
      thigh at the vaccination site. Darier's sign was elicited at the site.
      Examination of a biopsy specimen showed an upper dermal mast cell infiltrate.
      This is the first reported case of a solitary mastocytoma appearing in a
      vaccination site.

PMID- 9951595
TI  - Tazarotene 0.1% gel in combination with mometasone furoate cream in plaque
      psoriasis: a photographic tracking study.
AB  - A photographic tracking study was performed to facilitate a visual evaluation of
      the effect of treating psoriatic lesions in a clinical setting with tazarotene
      0.05% gel, tazarotene 0.1% gel, tazarotene 0.1% gel plus mometasone furoate as
      needed for irritation, or tazarotene 0.1% gel plus mometasone furoate. Tazarotene
      was administered once daily in the evening, and mometasone furoate was
      administered once daily in the morning, for 12 weeks or until clearance if this
      occurred first. A total of twenty patients were enrolled in this open-label
      study. Rates of treatment success (50% or greater improvement in psoriasis) were
      higher with tazarotene 0.1% monotherapy compared with tazarotene 0.05%
      monotherapy, and were higher still when tazarotene was used in combination with
      mometasone furoate. Concurrent use of this steroid also enhanced speed of
      efficacy, patient satisfaction, and tolerability. Furthermore, long periods of
      remission were achieved in patients treated with combination tazarotene plus
      corticosteroid therapy. These findings suggest that tazarotene plus a mid-potency
      topical corticosteroid is a valuable first-line treatment option for stable
      plaque psoriasis.

PMID- 9951596
TI  - Differential cytologic features of fibroepithelial lesions of the breast.
AB  - The surgical treatment of phyllodes tumors differs from that for fibroadenomas,
      with the former necessitating complete excision with no remaining neoplastic
      tissue to produce local recurrence. To determine whether we could predict the
      type of breast lesion on cytology we reviewed the cytological features of 39
      fibroepithelial lesions, including ordinary fibroadenomas, fibroadenoma variants
      (intermediate group), benign phyllodes tumors, and malignant phyllodes tumors,
      which had a biopsy diagnosis and adequate cytology. We found no differences in
      the glandular elements, the myoepithelial and single stromal cells, and the type
      of stromal fragments seen in the three benign groups. The stromal nuclei, the
      number of leaf-shaped fragments, and the numbers of spindle-cell groups present
      showed a spectrum of changes varying from those of fibroadenomas at one end to
      those of benign phyllodes tumors at the other. Malignant phyllodes tumors had
      characteristic features which were quite different from those of the benign
      lesions.

PMID- 9951597
TI  - Cytologic diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma, with particular emphasis on the
      epithelial noncohesive cell type.
AB  - The effusion cytologies from 21 cases of malignant mesothelioma (MM) (15 pleural,
      6 peritoneal) diagnosed at the Indiana University Medical Center during 1990-1997
      were reviewed. Using the classification of Tao (Acta Cytol 1979;23:209-213), 13
      cases of MM were of the epithelial cohesive cell type and 8 were of the
      epithelial noncohesive cell type. While the epithelial cohesive cell type has
      been discussed in the literature, the epithelial noncohesive cell type has not.
      The cytomorphologic features for both types are presented with particular
      emphasis on the noncohesive cell type. The differential diagnosis and use of
      ancillary confirmatory laboratory tests are briefly discussed. Because of its
      resemblance to florid reactive mesothelial hyperplasia and the general lack of
      awareness of the existence of the single-cell pattern of mesothelioma, this
      diagnosis can often be missed.

PMID- 9951598
TI  - Utility of cytokeratin 7 and 20 subset analysis as an aid in the identification
      of primary site of origin of malignancy in cytologic specimens.
AB  - This study was undertaken to assess the utility of combined cytokeratin (CK) 7/20
      immunoprofile determination in malignant cytologic cell blocks as an aid to the
      identification of tumor primary site of origin. Fifty-one cases in which CK 7/20
      immunocytochemistry was performed as part of the initial workup were retrieved.
      Their contribution to the final cytologic diagnosis of tumor primary site of
      origin was analyzed. CK reactivity patterns were 7+/20- (n = 34), 7-/20+ (n = 9),
      7-/20- (n = 7), and 7+/20+ (n = 1). The CK 7+/CK 20- immunophenotype was the most
      common one obtained, and due to its wide expression in a number of common
      carcinomas, the least informative. The second most common immunophenotype was CK
      7-/20+, which is associated with colorectal origin, and as such was very useful
      when obtained. The CK immunoprofile was more useful in the setting of a prior
      carcinoma, being a major diagnostic determinant in 13 cases (55%) from group 1
      (those with a prior history of malignancy), compared to 8 cases (29%) from group
      2 (those with no prior history of malignancy). In the setting of prior carcinoma,
      the CK immunoprofile is most useful when carcinomas under consideration have
      different expected immunoprofiles (e.g., CK 7+/CK20- carcinomas, including lung,
      breast, ovary, endometrium, and others, vs. CK 7-/CK 20+ carcinomas, primarily
      colorectal). When similar immunoprofiles are obtained, their usefulness is
      greater if they are immunoprofiles other than the most common 7+/20- pattern.
      Similarly, in newly diagnosed carcinomas, the CK immunoprofile either helps to
      narrow the differential diagnosis or points to a specific diagnosis.

PMID- 9951599
TI  - Cytomorphologic features of fine-needle aspiration of liposarcoma.
AB  - The cytomorphologic features of fine-needle aspirates (FNA) of liposarcomas have
      not been fully characterized. In the current study, we attempted to identify
      cytological attributes of liposarcoma in FNA. Twelve FNAs of histologically
      proven liposarcomas were used for this study. They included 10 myxoid and two
      well-differentiated liposarcomas. Four cytological criteria were chosen for
      evaluation. These included a complex capillary network, increased cellularity,
      the presence of a metachromatic stroma for myxoid liposarcoma, and finally the
      identification of lipoblasts. Eighteen FNAs of lipomas and 17 FNAs of
      nonlipomatous soft-tissue sarcomas were used as controls for evaluation of the
      same features. The diagnosis of liposarcoma had been rendered on FNA in 7 cases
      (58%). The diagnosis was suggested in 3 cases (25%), and a suggestion of sarcoma
      was rendered in 2 cases. Complex capillary networks were identified in 9 of 12
      cases (75%); this was seen in 8 of the 10 myxoid liposarcomas and 1 of the 2 well
      differentiated neoplasms. Increased cellularity was seen in 7 of 12 cases (58%),
      metachromatic stroma was seen in 3 of 12 cases (25%), and lipoblasts were
      identified in 4 of 12 cases (33%). None of the lipomas or sarcomas exhibited a
      complex capillary network. When capillaries were identified in lipomas, they were
      straight, with minimal branching. The lipomas did not show evidence of increased
      cellularity in any cases. Metachromatic stroma was more frequently seen in the
      nonlipomatous sarcomas than in the liposarcomas. No lipoblasts were identified in
      any of the control FNAs.

PMID- 9951600
TI  - Use of the Thin Prep Pap Test in clinical practice.
AB  - The Thin Prep Pap Test (Cytyc Corp., Boxborough, MA) received approval by the
      Food and Drug Administration in May 1996 as an alternative to the traditional
      conventional smear. The present direct-to-vial study assessed the utility of thin
      layer technology for cervicovaginal screening in clinical practice. From May 1997
      February 1998 (10 mo), 15,006 cervical smears were processed and evaluated; of
      these, 5,423 (36.1%) were conventional smears (CS) and 9,583 (63.9%) were Thin
      Prep slides (TP). Both methods were analyzed to compare specimen adequacy and
      detection rates of cervical lesions. The TP method reduced the "satisfactory but
      limited by" rate by 97% and the unsatisfactory rate by 63%. For low-grade
      squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), TP slides yielded 3.6% (348/9,583) as
      compared to 0.98% (53/5,423) for CS, an increase of 267%. The TP method detected
      a threefold increase in the number of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
      (HSILs) of 1.0% (100/9,583), as compared to 0.3% (17/5,425) for the CS group. The
      atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance/squamous intraepithelial
      lesion (ASCUS SIL) ratio was reduced by 54% in the TP group. In routine usage in
      our laboratory, the Thin Prep Pap Test yielded a significant increase in the
      detection of LSILs and HSILs as compared to conventional smears. Specimen
      adequacy was significantly improved.

PMID- 9951601
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration cytologic diagnosis of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis: a
      case report.
AB  - A case of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis initially diagnosed by fine-needle
      aspiration (FNA) cytology and confirmed by tissue biopsy and culture study is
      presented. Asteroid bodies and yeast cells with budding, highly suggestive of the
      disease, were seen in the cytologic and histologic preparations. The pathology of
      this unusual fungal disease and the role of cytology in the diagnosis are
      discussed. This is the first case of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis reported in
      the cytologic literature as diagnosed by FNA cytology.

PMID- 9951602
TI  - Diagnosis of dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth by fine-needle aspiration
      cytology: a case report.
AB  - A case of a dermoid cyst in the floor of the mouth in a 17-yr-old male is
      described. The diagnosis was made by fine-needle aspiration cytology and
      supported by histologic examination of the subsequently excised tissue. Dermoid
      cysts are benign lesions that can occur in the floor of the mouth. This case is
      presented to increase awareness of this entity and its occurrence in this
      location, and to demonstrate the feasibility of diagnosis by fine-needle
      aspiration. The cytologic and histologic features of dermoid cysts are described
      and discussed.

PMID- 9951603
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration cytology of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare variant of breast
      malignancy and has a better prognosis than its counterpart in the salivary
      glands. In this communication, our experience with seven cases of ACC of the
      breast is presented in which the diagnosis was established on fine-needle
      aspiration cytology (FNAC). The cytologic samples in all cases were cellular and
      featured three-dimensional clusters of uniform ductal epithelial cells with
      cystic spaces, bland nuclei, fine chromatin, and scanty cytoplasm arranged around
      spheres or cores of homogenous material. The cytodiagnosis of ACC in all cases
      correlated with subsequent examination of cell blocks of the aspirate and tissue.
      The cytodiagnostic criteria for ACC of the breast which are useful in a correct
      FNAC diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 9951604
TI  - Diagnosis of posttransplant granulocytic sarcoma by fine-needle aspiration
      cytology and flow cytometry.
AB  - We describe a patient who developed granulocytic sarcomas of the mesentery and
      breast approximately 4 yrs following an allogenic bone marrow transplantation for
      acute myeloblastic leukemia. The diagnosis was made by a combination of fine
      needle aspiration cytology and flow cytometry. The differential diagnoses of
      localized masses in posttransplant patients and how the combination of fine
      needle aspiration cytology and flow cytometry may be used are discussed.

PMID- 9951605
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy cytology of hyalinizing trabecular adenomas of the
      thyroid.
AB  - Cytologic smears from fine-needle aspirates of three histologically and
      ultrastructurally confirmed hyalinizing trabecular adenomas of the thyroid (HTAT)
      were reviewed. In two cases a cytodiagnosis of HTAT was suggested, and in one
      patient a diagnosis of trabecular epithelial neoplasm was made. In all three
      cases, small clusters and sheets of epithelial cells with abundant, filamentous,
      vacuolated, and ill-defined cytoplasm were present. The nuclei were slightly
      pleomorphic and showed nuclear overlapping, nuclear grooves, and intranuclear
      cytoplasmic inclusions. Small and irregular fragments of acellular hyalinized
      material (AHM) were noted within the tumor cell clusters in the first two cases.
      In the third patient, large syncytial sheets and anastomotic cords of epithelial
      cells showing ill-defined, filamentous cytoplasm, slightly pleomorphic nuclei,
      nuclear overlapping, intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, and nuclear grooves
      were present. Fragments of AHM were not observed within clusters and syncytial
      sheets of tumor cells.

PMID- 9951606
TI  - Modification of CytoRich Red fixative system for use on bloody Pap and fine
      needle aspiration smears.
AB  - Recent work has shown CytoRich Red fixative system is effective in lysing red
      blood cells and reducing background in bloody fluid specimens. The scope of this
      study was to see whether CytoRich Red can lyse red blood cells in freshly
      prepared Pap and fine-needle aspiration smears. Paired smears from 20 bloody fine
      needle aspirations were prepared. One slide was initially placed in CytoRich Red
      for up to 30 sec, removed, and then fixed in 95% alcohol. The other slide was
      placed directly into 95% alcohol. Ten paired Pap smears, one fixed with a
      commercial fixative and another immersed in a solution of CytoRich Red, were
      evaluated. All slides were stained with the Papanicolaou stain and analyzed for
      the amount of red blood cells, background material, and nuclear and cytoplasmic
      staining. In 100% of all smears utilizing CytoRich Red, red blood cells were
      significantly reduced without hindering staining. Significant loss of cells from
      the slides sent in CytoRich Red solution was not observed. CytoRich Red fixative
      can be effective in reducing red blood cells and background on freshly made
      smears. In both gynecological and nongynecological cases, diagnostic cells were
      well preserved and not compromised by blood.

PMID- 9951607
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy using a newly-developed pencil-grip syringe holder.
AB  - Until now, commercially available syringe holders for fine-needle aspiration
      (FNA) were designed to be held in a pistol-grip manner. A newly developed, pencil
      grip syringe holder, the Tao Aspirator, was tested. The device is equipped with a
      release button for automatically drawing back the syringe plunger and a
      regulating knob for adjusting negative pressure for the aspiration. After direct
      smears were made for on-site examination, the remaining aspirated material was
      collected by rinsing the needle and syringe with CytoRich red fixative. Hettich
      cytocentrifuge preparations were then prepared. The quality of the first 150 FNA
      specimens procured by this device and prepared with liquid fixation was evaluated
      in terms of adequacy of specimen, amount of obscuring blood, preservation of
      cells, and ease of screening and interpretation. These 150 specimens included 32
      from thyroids; 34 from breasts; 40 from lymph nodes; 24 from subcutaneous
      nodules; and 20 from salivary glands. There were no unsatisfactory specimens. In
      Hettich preparations, red blood cells were lysed, making interpretation easier.
      All cellular elements and tissue fragments were adequately fixed, showing
      excellent cellular morphology. Specimens fixed in liquid fixative yielded uniform
      cell suspensions, resulting in cytocentrifuge preparations with evenly
      distributed cells, and so the screening was also easier. The aspiration
      techniques using pistol-grip and pencil-grip FNA syringe holders were also
      compared in terms of control in tissue sampling, ease of use, and safety. The
      pencil-grip syringe holder allowed greater tactile sensation of the texture of
      the lesion, and enabled the operator to use a single hand to place a needle into
      a target lesion with minimal error. This device placed the hand relatively close
      to the needle tip while the hand was in a position of natural function, imparting
      more control in tissue sampling. It was more easily manipulated, and could
      prevent dripping when cystic fluid was aspirated. Specimen collection using the
      Tao Aspirator and processing with liquid fixation in addition to direct smear
      preparations allowed the laboratory to consistently produce adequate cytologic
      preparations and cell blocks.

PMID- 9951608
TI  - Cytology of peritoneal keratin granulomas.

PMID- 9951609
TI  - Cytologic manifestations of advanced endometrial adenocarcinomas in cervical
      vaginal smears.

PMID- 9951610
TI  - Cytodiagnosis of synovial chondromatosis of knee joint from an aspirate.

PMID- 9951611
TI  - Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on the Neurobiology and
      Neuroendocrinology of Aging. Bregenz, Austria, July 26-31, 1998.

PMID- 9951613
TI  - Man from the Hauslabjoch.
AB  - On September 19, 1991, at an altitude of 3,200 m (10,498 feet), the remains of a
      well-preserved, freeze-dried mummified body of a 3,000 BC, Late Stone Age man,
      was found on the Austrian-Italian border. Studies conducted at the University of
      Innsbruck have revealed that these are the remains of a 45-46-year-old male, 45
      kg (99 lbs) (living weight) and 160 cm (5 feet, 2 inches) tall. Morphometric,
      pathophysiologic, paleobotanical, photogrammetric, anthropological, computer
      tomographic, and other studies have been conducted to determine the living
      conditions and possible causes of death of this Late Stone Age man.

PMID- 9951612
TI  - How and why we age.
AB  - After performing the miracles that takes us from conception to birth, and then to
      sexual maturation and adulthood, natural selection was unable to favor the
      development of a more elementary mechanism that would simply maintain those
      earlier miracles forever. The manifestations of this failure are called aging.
      Because few feral animals age, evolution could not have favored a genetic program
      for age changes. Natural selection favors animals that are most likely to become
      reproductively successful by developing better survival strategies and greater
      reserve capacity in vital systems to better escape predation, disease, accidents,
      and environmental extremes. Natural selection diminishes after reproductive
      success because the species will not benefit from members favored for greater
      longevity. The level of physiological reserve remaining after reproductive
      maturity determines longevity and evolves incidental to the selection process
      that acts on earlier developmental events. Physiological reserve does not renew
      at the same rate that it incurs losses because molecular disorder increases at a
      rate greater than the capacity for repair. These are age changes, and they
      increase vulnerability to predation, accidents, or disease. Failure to
      distinguish aging from disease has not only blurred our efforts to understand the
      fundamental biology of aging, but it has profound political and economic
      consequences that compromise the field of biogerontology. Changes attributable to
      disease, or pathological change, can be distinguished from age changes for at
      least four important reasons. Unlike any known disease, (1) age changes occur in
      every human given sufficient time, (2) age changes cross virtually all species
      barriers, (3) no disease afflicts all members of a species only after the age of
      reproductive success, and (4) aging occurs in all feral animals subsequently
      protected by humans, even when that species probably has not experienced aging
      for thousands or millions of years. The resolution of age-associated diseases
      will not advance our knowledge of aging, just as the resolution of the diseases
      of childhood did not advance our knowledge of childhood development. We have
      failed to convey that greater support must be given to a question that is rarely
      posed. It is a question that is applicable to all age-associated diseases, and
      its resolution will also advance our fundamental knowledge of aging: "Why are old
      cells more vulnerable to pathology and disease than are young cells?" During the
      first half of this century it was believed that because cultured normal cells
      were immortal, aging must be caused by extra-cellular events. Thirty-five years
      ago we overthrough this dogma when we found that normal cells do have a limited
      capacity to divide, and that age changes can occur intracellularly. We also
      observed that only abnormal or cancer cells are immortal. Normal cells are mortal
      because telomeres shorten at each division. Immortal cancer cells express the
      enzyme telomerase that prevents shortening. Recently, it was discovered that when
      the catalytic subunit of the telomerase gene is inserted into normal cells they
      become immortal.

PMID- 9951614
TI  - Brain imaging and age-related changes in cognition.
AB  - Although there is currently some debate as to the degree of structural changes in
      the brain that occur with age, there is little doubt that such changes occur.
      There also are physiological changes in many areas that could have implications
      for cognitive function in the elderly. One way to study the impact of these age
      related changes in the brain on cognition is to use neuroimaging techniques to
      examine brain activity during the performance of various tasks, and determine how
      this activity differs between young and older individuals. This approach has been
      used to study functions such as memory, perception, and attention, and it has
      generally been found that older individuals utilize different areas of the brain
      than do young subjects when carrying out the same cognitive task. This has led
      some researchers to suggest that older persons utilize different functional brain
      networks, perhaps to compensate for reductions of efficiency in some brain areas.
      The areas of the brain most often found to be more active during cognitive tasks
      in the elderly are the frontal lobes. Studies that have directly examined the
      functional networks utilized during cognition have found that older people do
      indeed have different functional interactions involving the frontal lobes, and
      therefore, utilize different functional networks. In some cases this differential
      activity has been accompanied by cognitive performance in the older participants
      that is equivalent to that seen in the young, suggesting that greater reliance on
      this brain region is related in some way to the maintained ability of the older
      individuals to perform the task. However, data collected to date on this issue
      are still limited, so although the evidence is intriguing, the definitive
      interpretation of these findings must await further experiments.

PMID- 9951615
TI  - Does growth hormone prevent or accelerate aging?
AB  - It is very well documented that plasma growth hormone (GH) levels decline with
      age in the human and in experimental animals, and there is considerable evidence
      that age-related changes in body composition may be caused by reduced function of
      the GH-IGF-I system. However, excessive GH levels are associated with reduced
      life expectancy in acromegalic patients and with symptoms of accelerated aging in
      GH transgenic mice. Hereditary dwarf mice deficient in GH, prolactin, and TSH
      live much longer than their normal siblings. Possible mechanisms of delayed aging
      in dwarf mice include lower core body temperature and reduced oxidative
      processes. It is suggested that the controversies concerning the apparent
      potential of GH to both prevent and accelerate aging may be reconciled by
      interpreting the results in light of the negative relationship between body size
      and life span within a species.

PMID- 9951616
TI  - Effects of glucocorticoids on oxidative stress-induced hippocampal cell death:
      implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Hippocampal neurons are among the first neuronal cells to degenerate in the brain
      of patients affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD). These neurons have endogenous
      glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and are vulnerable to oxidative stress that has
      been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. The activities of various steroids can
      have an impact on neuronal function and the sensitivity of neurons to different
      toxic insults. Here it is shown that glucocorticoids can enhance the oxidative
      cell death induced by the AD-associated amyloid beta protein and glutamate in
      mouse clonal hippocampal HT22 cells and in primary embryonal neurons from rat.
      Glucocorticoids may permanently suppress the activity of the transcription factor
      NF kappa B and may block endogenous NF kappa B-driven cell defense programs.
      Therefore, age-related alterations of glucocorticoid homeostasis appear to
      enhance GR activation and may render hippocampal neurons more vulnerable to
      oxidative insults.

PMID- 9951617
TI  - Stress and neurosteroids in adult and aged rats.
AB  - The progesterone derivative 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20 one
      (allopregnanolone/AP) and the deoxycorticosterone derivative 3 alpha-21-dihydroxy
      5 alpha- pregnan-20 one (allotetra-hydrodeoxycorticosterone/THDOC) are endogenous
      neuroactive steroids endowed with neuromodulatory actions in the central nervous
      system. Their best-characterized membrane-receptor-dependent action consists in
      the amplification of GABA-gated chloride currents mediated by specific
      interactions with the GABAA receptor complex, which appears responsible for the
      pharmacological effects (anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic/anaesthetic) of
      exogenously administered AP and THDOC. Several acute stress paradigms and
      different negative allosteric modulators (isoniazid and FG 7142) of GABAA
      receptors time dependently increase brain and plasma concentrations of AP and
      THDOC only in intact or sham-operated but not in adrenalectomized-orchiectomized
      rats. These results suggest that acute stress and inhibitors of GABAA receptors
      increase the brain and plasma neurosteroid concentrations via a reduction of the
      inhibitory action exerted by GABA on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The
      comparison between the time course of the changes in GABAA receptor function and
      of their behavioral correlates (proconflict behavior) and that of the changes of
      endogenous neuroactive steroids are consistent with the view that AP and THDOC
      may play a role in restoring the GABAergic tone to prestress conditions, by
      limiting the duration and the extent of its stress-induced reduction. The acute
      stress-elicited increase of AP and THDOC is observed in adult as well as in aged
      rats, which show a reduced basal GABAergic transmission and a greater response to
      the effect of stress in terms of their brain cortical neuroactive steroid
      concentrations than adult rats.

PMID- 9951618
TI  - Neurosteroids, brain damage, and mental illness.
AB  - The steroidal environment of the brain has marked consequences for both its
      structure and function. Social or physical stress has deleterious results on
      hippocampal function. This can be replicated by raising corticoids, which are
      also highly responsive to stress. Corticosterone, the major glucocorticoid in the
      rat, induces neuronal death in primary hippocampal cultures. Elevated corticoids
      also induce mood changes, and these are well known to be associated with stress,
      particularly chronic stress such as social adversity accentuated by intercurrent
      aversive life events. DHEA, a second adrenal steroid, has a very different
      developmental history, increasing rapidly during childhood, reaching a peak in
      youth, and declining thereafter in both blood and CSF. DHEA, in contrast to
      corticoids, has brain protective actions. It reduces the neurotoxic actions of
      glutamate analogues (such as NMDA) as well as those of corticoids. Evidence from
      several sources suggests that DHEA can act as an antiglucocorticoid. DHEA levels
      are reduced in major depressive disorders in both adolescents and adults, and a
      raised cortisol/DHEA ratio (together with intercurrent life events) predicts
      delayed recovery. DHEA may have a role in the treatment of depression. Together,
      these findings suggest that altered steroidal environment, whether induced by
      stress or aging, can have appreciable results on the cellular structure of the
      brain as well as on its function, although links between the two sets of findings
      are still tentative.

PMID- 9951619
TI  - Estrogen, the ovary, and neutotransmitters: factors associated with aging.
AB  - Our studies in the C57BL/6J mouse have been designed to examine the interactions
      of aging and the ovary, and their mutual effects on neuroendocrine function. In
      the pituitary, ovarian status and not age determines responsiveness to
      gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone (GnRH), but estrogen (E2) is an important
      mediator in CNS changes, and removal of the ovary (OVX) is deleterious to the
      neuroendocrine hypothalamus. OVX for just six days in young animals results in
      synaptic loss between noradrenergic terminals and gonadotropin hormone releasing
      hormone (GnRH) neurons. Long-term OVX, hypothesized to protect against
      neuroendocrine aging, fails to guard against any studied age-related changes.
      Some age-related changes occur as early as midlife. Although neuron number
      remains constant at middle age, opiatergic neurons undergo significant functional
      changes by producing opiate antagonist peptides. This change appears to be caused
      by alterations in the prohormone convertases, which cleave propeptide to peptide.
      Altered peptides may trigger the loss of reproductive capacity. The midlife shift
      in opiate peptide production is a component of natural developmental processes
      that begin in the neonate and continue through old age. In the cholinergic
      system, E2 mediates numbers of cholinergic receptors, cholinergic neurons, and
      cholinergic-modulated memory systems in both young and old animals. Regardless of
      age, ovarian steroids, if present at physiologic levels, are beneficial to the
      neuroendocrine CNS, and long-term deprivation from ovarian-produced factors is
      deleterious in the systems we have examined. Our studies have shown that
      deprivation from ovarian steroid hormones in the female appears to be a major
      factor in the health of the CNS and in events associated with aging.

PMID- 9951620
TI  - Age-related changes in melatonin levels in humans and its potential consequences
      for sleep disorders.
AB  - Prior to three months of age there is little melatonin (MLT) secretion in humans.
      MLT production then commences, becomes circadian, and reaches its highest
      nocturnal blood levels between the ages of one to three years. During the
      remainder of childhood, nocturnal peak levels drop progressively by 80%. In
      adults, these levels show an additional drop of some 10%, mainly during
      senescence. The large drop in serum MLT during childhood is probably the result
      of the increase in size of the human body, despite a constant MLT production
      after infancy. The additional decline of MLT with higher age may be due to a yet
      unidentified physiological mechanism accompanying senescence. The biological
      significance of these MLT alterations remains unknown. Since the discovery of
      MLT, an immediate sedative action of this hormone has been known. A number of
      recent studies have demonstrated that MLT indeed exerts a sleep-promoting action
      by accelerating sleep initiation, improving sleep maintenance, and marginally
      altering sleep architecture. The potential of MLT in the treatment of insomnia is
      being explored, and the results are promising. Although in most of these studies
      pharmacological dosages of MLT have been used, preliminary data suggest that
      similar effects can also be achieved by physiological hormone concentrations. The
      latter observation raises the question of whether MLT might be involved in the
      physiological control of sleep.

PMID- 9951621
TI  - Genetics of longevity.
AB  - Recent studies on the genetics of aging in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
      the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster
      have converged revealing the central role of metabolic capacity and resistance to
      stress in determining life span. Signal transduction has emerged from these
      studies as an important molecular mechanism underlying longevity. In their broad
      features, the results obtained in these genetic models are applicable to the
      dietary restriction paradigm in mammals, suggesting a general significance. It
      will be of interest to determine whether many of the molecular details will also
      pertain. The examination of centenarian populations for the frequency of certain
      alleles of pertinent genes may provide insights into the relevance of the
      conclusions of studies in invertebrates to human aging. These population genetic
      studies can be augmented by mechanistic studies in transgenic mice.

PMID- 9951622
TI  - The experimental evolution of aging in fruitflies.
AB  - The evolutionary theory of aging suggests that the level of repair will evolve to
      an intermediate optimum that permits the accumulation of random damage to cells.
      This, in turn, causes a decline in essential functions during the life span of an
      organism. The central claim of the life history theory of aging is that intrinsic
      mortality rates evolve in response to changes in extrinsic mortality rates. To
      prove this central claim, it must be evaluated experimentally. Experimental
      evolution is an approach that has been yielding interesting results from both a
      variety of questions posed and organisms examined. In this article the organism
      chosen for study is the fruitfly (Drosophilia melanogaster) in which the
      evolutionary effects of high and low adult mortality rates are compared. It has
      been found that higher extrinsic mortality rates lead to the evolution of higher
      intrinsic mortality rates and a shorter life span. This is the first clear
      experimental demonstration of the central claim of the evolutionary theory of
      aging.

PMID- 9951623
TI  - Application of gene therapy to treat age-related loss of dopamine D2 receptor.
AB  - We have investigated the feasibility of using gene therapy to attenuate the age
      related decline in striatal dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) associated with reduced
      motor control. To this end, we have constructed an adenoviral vector containing
      the cDNA for the rat D2R. When injected into HeLa and HS24 cells in vitro, the
      vector induced an abundant message for D2R, as demonstrated by Northern analysis,
      and produced a membrane-bound protein capable of binding a D2R ligand,
      [3H]spiperone. When injected into rat striatum in vivo, the vector produced a
      marked increase in D2R near the site of injection, as evidenced by increased
      [3H]spiperone binding as well as by another more specific ligand,
      [125I]iodosulpride. The D2R produced in the striatum were functional, as
      evidenced by rotational behavior induced by a subcutaneous injection of the
      dopamine agonist, apomorphine. However, we did not observe any significant
      improvement in motor performance during preliminary experiments in which aged
      rats received bilateral striatal injections of the vector. In young rats, vector
      induced expression of D2R in striatum was increased markedly three to five days
      after infection, but then declined to baseline levels by day 21. Loss of
      expression in aged rats proceeded at a somewhat lower rate. Because of the loss
      of expression and lack of significant performance enhancement in aged rats
      following vector injection into the striatum, we are now pursuing other
      strategies. These include functional assessment of the current vector in D2R null
      mutant mice as well as construction of new vectors that may yield more long-term
      expression.

PMID- 9951624
TI  - Transcriptional activation by the Werner syndrome gene product in yeast.
AB  - Werner syndrome (WS) is characterized by the premature occurrence of many age
      related features. Before the cloning of the gene for WS (WRN), several reports
      suggested that transcriptional defects of genes may relate to the mechanisms of
      the occurrence of WS and natural aging. Because WRN, which encodes a helicase
      (WRN-H), has been cloned, we are attempting to clarify the mechanism of the
      transcriptional abnormalities found in WS cells, using WRN and WRN-H. In this
      article, we studied transcriptional activation of a promoter by WRN-H in a yeast
      assay system as a first step. The results showed that WRN-H functions as a
      transcriptional activator in the system. Furthermore, we performed additional
      transcriptional assays using various parts of WRN to define the critical region
      of WRN-H for transcriptional activation in yeast. The results revealed the
      critical region for the activation most likely mapped to the region of 315 to 403
      aa. The region of 404 to 1309 aa may also effect activation in the presence of
      the critical region. The two regions contain an acidic domain, and the region of
      404 to 1309 aa also contains a helicase domain. If this transcriptional
      activation by WRN-H occurs also in human cells in vivo, direct activation of the
      promoters by WRN-H could explain the results of somatic cell hybrid studies as
      well as the overexpressed genes detected in WS cells. However, our results should
      be interpreted with caution, because thus far, the transcriptional activation by
      WRN-H were only demonstrated using one promoter in a yeast system.

PMID- 9951625
TI  - The nitric oxide hypothesis of aging.
AB  - Nitric oxide (NO), generated by endothelial (e) NO synthase (NOS) and neuronal
      (n) NOS, plays a ubiquitous role in the body in controlling the function of
      almost every, if not every, organ system. Bacterial and viral products, such as
      bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induce inducible (i) NOS synthesis that
      produces massive amounts of NO toxic to the invading viruses and bacteria, but
      also host cells by inactivation of enzymes leading to cell death. The actions of
      all forms of NOS are mediated not only by the free radical oxidant properties of
      this soluble gas, but also by its activation of guanylate cyclase (GC), leading
      to the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) that mediates many of
      its physiological actions. In addition, NO activates cyclooxygenase and
      lipoxygenase, leading to the production of physiologically relevant quantities of
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotrienes. In the case of iNOS, the massive
      release of NO, PGE2, and leukotrienes produces toxic effects. Systemic injection
      of LPS causes induction of interleukin (IL)-1 beta mRNA followed by IL-beta
      synthesis that induces iNOS mRNA with a latency of two and four hours,
      respectively, in the anterior pituitary and pineal glands, meninges, and choroid
      plexus, regions outside the blood-brain barrier, and shortly thereafter, in
      hypothalamic regions, such as the temperature-regulating centers, paraventricular
      nucleus containing releasing and inhibiting hormone neurons, and the arcuate
      nucleus, a region containing these neurons and axons bound for the median
      eminence. We are currently determining if LPS similarly activates cytokine and
      iNOS production in the cardiovascular system and the gonads. Our hypothesis is
      that recurrent infections over the life span play a significant role in producing
      aging changes in all systems outside the blood-brain barrier via release of toxic
      quantities of NO. NO may be a major factor in the development of coronary heart
      disease (CHD). Considerable evidence has accrued indicating a role for infections
      in the induction of CHD and, indeed, patients treated with a tetracycline
      derivative had 10 times less complications of CHD than their controls. Stress,
      inflammation, and infection have all been shown to cause induction of iNOS in
      rats, and it is likely that this triad of events is very important in progression
      of coronary arteriosclerosis leading to coronary occlusion. Aging of the anterior
      pituitary and pineal with resultant decreased secretion of pituitary hormones and
      the pineal hormone, melatonin, respectively, may be caused by NO. The induction
      of iNOS in the temperature-regulating centers by infections may cause the
      decreased febrile response in the aged by loss of thermosensitive neurons. iNOS
      induction in the paraventricular nucleus may cause the decreased nocturnal
      secretion of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin that occurs with age, and its
      induction in the arcuate nucleus may destroy luteinizing hormone-releasing
      hormone (LHRH) neurons, thereby leading to decreased release of gonadotropins.
      Recurrent infections may play a role in aging of other parts of the brain,
      because there are increased numbers of astrocytes expressing IL-1 beta throughout
      the brain in aged patients. IL-1 and products of NO activity accumulate around
      the plaques of Alzheimer's, and may play a role in the progression of the
      disease. Early onset Parkinsonism following flu encephalitis during World War I
      was possibly due to induction of iNOS in cells adjacent to substantia nigra
      dopaminergic neurons leading to death of these cells, which, coupled with
      ordinary aging fall out, led to Parkinsonism. The central nervous system (CNS)
      pathology in AIDS patients bears striking resemblance to aging changes, and may
      also be largely caused by the action of iNOS. Antioxidants, such as melatonin,
      vitamin C, and vitamin E, probably play an important acute and chronic role in
      reducing or eliminating the oxidant damage produced by NO.

PMID- 9951626
TI  - Effects of steroid hormones on gene expression of glial markers in the central
      and peripheral nervous system: variations induced by aging.
AB  - The present article summarizes our data regarding: (a) the effect of sex steroids
      on the expression of a specific astrocytic marker in glial cell cultures (GFAP);
      (b) the effects of aging on two markers of the peripheral myelin (glycoprotein Po
      and the myelin basic protein, MBP); (c) the possible modification of the damaging
      effects of aging on these two markers by the in vivo administration of
      progesterone and its derivatives; and, finally, (d) the effect of progesterone
      derivatives on the gene expression of Po in cultures of rat Schwann cells. The
      data obtained have indicated that progesterone and its 5 alpha-reduced
      metabolites may play an important role in the control of gene expression of GFAP
      and Po, respectively, in type 1 astrocytes and Schwann cells. It has also been
      found that the gene expression of Po and MBP is dramatically decreased in the
      myelin of the sciatic nerve of aged male rats and that the aged-linked decrease
      of the gene expression of Po is partially reversible with steroid treatment.

PMID- 9951628
TI  - The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in development and plasticity of the
      nervous system.
AB  - The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is a member of the immunoglobulin
      superfamily and is strongly expressed in the nervous system. NCAM is found in
      three major forms, of which two--NCAM-140 and NCAM-180--are transmembrane
      proteins, while the third--NCAM-120--is attached to the membrane via a
      glycosylphosphatidyl inositol anchor. In addition, soluble NCAM forms exist in
      brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma. NCAM mediates cell adhesion through
      homophilic as well as through heterophilic interactions. Following NCAM binding,
      transmembrane signalling is believed to be activated, resulting in increased
      intracellular calcium. By mediating cell adhesion to other cells and to the
      extracellular matrix and by activating intracellular signaling pathways, NCAM
      influences cell migration, neurite extension, and fasciculation, and possibly
      formation of synapses in the brain. From studies on NCAM knock-out mice, NCAM
      have been shown to be crucial for the formation of the olfactory bulb and the
      mossy fiber system in the hippocampus. In addition, NCAM is important for
      neuronal plasticity in the adult brain associated with learning and regeneration.

PMID- 9951627
TI  - Diffusion constraints and neuron-glia interaction during aging.
AB  - Changes in brain extracellular space (ECS) volume, composition, and geometry are
      a consequence of neuronal activity, of glial K+, pH, and amino acid homeostasis,
      and of changes in glial cell morphology, proliferation, and function. They occur
      as a result of repetitive neuronal activity, seizures, anoxia, injury,
      inflammation, and many other pathological states in the CNS, and may
      significantly affect signal transmission in the CNS. Activity-related or CNS
      damage-related cellular swelling is compensated for by ECS volume shrinkage and,
      as a consequence, by a decrease in the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of
      neuroactive substances diffusing in the ECS. Changes in cellular morphology, such
      as occur during aging, could also result in changes of ECS volume and geometry.
      We provide evidence for limited diffusion in rat cortex, corpus callosum, and
      hippocampus in the aging brain that correlates with changes in glial volume and
      the extracellular matrix. In all structures, the mean ECS volume fraction alpha
      (alpha = ECS volume/total tissue volume) and nonspecific uptake k' are
      significantly lower in aged rats (26-32 months old) than in young adult brain.
      Compared to young adult brain, in the aged brain we found an increase in GFAP
      staining and hypertrophied astrocytes with thicker processes which, in the
      hippocampus, lost their radial organization. The tortuosity (lambda = square root
      of D/ADC) was lower in the cortex and CA3 region. Immunohistochemical staining
      for fibronectin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans revealed a substantial
      decrease that could account for a decrease in diffusion barriers. Diffusion
      parameters alpha, lambda, and k' in the aging brain after cardiac arrest changed
      substantially faster than in the young adult brain, although the final values
      were not significantly different. This suggests that the smaller extracellular
      space during aging results in a greater susceptibility of the aging brain to
      anoxia/ischemia, apparently due to a faster extracellular acidosis and
      accumulation of K+ and toxic substances, for example, glutamate. We conclude that
      during aging the movement of substances is more hindered in the narrower clefts.
      This is partly compensated for by a decrease in the diffusion barriers that may
      be formed by macromolecules of the extracellular matrix. Diffusion parameters can
      affect the efficacy of synaptic as well as extrasynaptic transmission by a
      greater accumulation of substances, because they diffuse away from a source more
      slowly, or induce damage to nerve cells if these substances reach toxic
      concentrations. Diffusion parameters are also of importance in the "crosstalk"
      between synapses, which has been hypothesized to be of importance during LTP and
      LTD. We can, therefore, assume that the observed changes in ECS diffusion
      parameters during aging can contribute to functional deficits and memory loss.

PMID- 9951629
TI  - Aging, Alzheimer's disease, and estrogen therapy.
AB  - Experimental studies in vivo and in vitro, as well-retrospective studies in post
      menopausal women suggest that taking estrogens for a number of years may reduce
      the risk to develop Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Because these conclusions are drawn
      mainly on the basis of retrospective studies, large, randomized, placebo
      controlled trials are necessary before recommending use of estrogens to women for
      the prevention of AD.

PMID- 9951630
TI  - The possible role of the immune system in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Currently, there is little doubt that the immune system plays a role in the
      neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inflammatory proteins such
      as complement components, enzymes, eicosanoids, and cytokines are found in
      association with cerebral amyloid plaques and may exacerbate the fundamental
      pathology of AD, by stimulating Amyloid beta (A beta) production, supporting its
      aggregation and increasing its cytotoxicity. Activated microglia and astrocytes
      are the main source of these proteins, and A beta may trigger their release.
      Interestingly, there are also indications that the immune system may play a
      protective role against the development of AD. Microglial cells have been shown
      to degrade A beta, and recent evidence suggests that autoreactive A beta-specific
      T cells may be relevant to the elimination of the peptide. This mechanism seems,
      however, impaired in the majority of patients with AD. The immune system seems
      thus to represent a natural line of defense against the accumulation of dangerous
      amyloidogenic substances. Impairment of this specific immunological defense
      mechanism and the failure to eliminate a toxic metabolite can be the basis for a
      chronic nonspecific inflammatory process in the brain, as described above. AD is
      a good example how an immune response initially aiming at maintaining the
      integrity of the body may fail and consequently lead to tissue destruction and
      neuronal loss.

PMID- 9951631
TI  - Transgenic mice expressing Alzheimer amyloid precursor proteins.
AB  - Nearly a decade after the identification of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor
      protein (APP) gene several groups of investigators have created transgenic mice
      expressing APP that simulate some of the prominent behavioral and pathological
      features of Alzheimer's disease (Quon et al., 1991; Games et al., 1995; Hsiao et
      al., 1995, 1996; Moechars et al., 1996; Sturchler-Pierrat et al., 1997). These
      features, which are present to various degrees in different lines of mice,
      include age-related impairment in learning and memory, neuronal loss, gliosis,
      neuritic changes, amyloid deposition, and abnormal tau phosphorylation. No mouse
      model exhibiting every neuropathological feature of Alzheimer's disease exists.
      Whether an exact simulation of Alzheimer neuropathology is required to understand
      neural dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease is unclear. Various mouse models of
      Alzheimer's disease are summarized in this article.

PMID- 9951632
TI  - Natural anticoagulants, aging, and thromboembolism.
AB  - The normal aging process alters blood coagulation system in humans; this may be
      of great concern in the view of the known association of vascular disease with
      advancing age. The plasma concentration of several coagulation factors, namely
      fibrinogen, factor VII, factor VIII, factor IX, high molecular-weight kininogen,
      and prekallikrein, increase in healthy humans, paralleling the physiological
      aging process. Plasma parameters of clotting activation in vivo, such as
      prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, fibrinopeptide A, thrombin-antithrombin III complex,
      and D-dimer, are positively correlated with age. Nevertheless, among
      centenarians, biochemical signs of marked hypercoagulability are associated with
      a healthy state. Natural anticoagulants, including antithrombin III, heparin
      cofactor II, protein C, protein S, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor, can
      modulate the reactions of blood coagulation system. The occurrence of menopause
      is accompanied by a significant increase in antithrombin III plasma level; the
      mean antithrombin III levels in older women exceed levels in male contemporaries.
      In healthy elderly subjects heparin cofactor II plasma concentrations are lower
      than in young subjects, independently of gender. Protein C levels raise with age
      in both sexes, as well as free protein S levels. In women, statistically
      significant increases in the plasma concentration of the tissue factor pathway
      inhibitor have been observed, whereas no significant age-related change has been
      found in men. The fact that many subjects with congenital defects of natural
      anticoagulants do not undergo thromboembolic events in young age suggests that in
      healthy individuals a raise in natural anticoagulants can balance the age-related
      increase of procoagulant factors.

PMID- 9951633
TI  - Aging and the adrenal cortex.
AB  - Aging in humans is accompanied by an increase in adrenal glucocorticoid secretion
      and a decline in adrenal androgen synthesis and secretion. The intense interest
      in adrenal function in aging individuals in recent years is in large measure
      related to the potential impact of cortisol excess in the development of
      cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuronal loss, and to the desire to provide
      hormone replacement and healthy aging. Although the preliminary data is
      tantalizing, solid scientific evidence are not at hand. It is apparent that both
      issues are extremely complex. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its 3 beta
      sulfate are fascinating molecules, including their synthesis and actions in the
      brain. Recent studies have shown that DHEA-sulfate (DHEA-S), but not DHEA,
      activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) in the
      liver, an intracellular receptor belonging to the steroid receptor superfamily.
      Thus, DHEA-S may serve as a physiological modulator of liver fatty acid
      metabolism and peroxisomal enzyme expression, and thereby may contribute to the
      anticarcinogenic and chemoprotective properties of this intriguing class of
      endogenous steroids. The life-sustaining role of adrenal cortisol secretion and
      its regulation of metabolism via catabolic actions may be modulated by its
      partner DHEA and DHEA-S. During the anabolic growth period (childhood and early
      adulthood) the body is exposed to relatively high levels of DHEA/DHEA-S but to
      relatively or absolutely high levels of cortisol during infancy and the aging
      phase. The cortisol/DHEA-S ratio during the life span follows a U-shape curve,
      which may be telling us to explore these two critical adrenal steroids in tandem.

PMID- 9951634
TI  - Distribution of pigment epithelium autofluorescence in retinal disease state
      recorded in vivo and its change over time.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Recently a technique of imaging the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)
      has been developed that takes advantages of its intrinsic fluorescence derived
      from lipofuscin. The purpose of this study was to document the distribution of
      fundus autofluorescence in patients with various retinal diseases and its change
      over time. METHODS: The intensity and spatial distribution of fundus
      autofluorescence was documented in 318 eyes from 159 patients with various
      retinal diseases using a confocal Laser Scanning Ophthalmoscope. Thirty patients
      with macular dystrophies and 30 with age-related macular disease underwent serial
      examinations over a period of 1-3 years in order to monitor the changes over time
      of fundus autofluorescence. RESULTS: Absent autofluorescence corresponded well
      spatially with outer retinal atrophy in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa and rod
      cone dystrophy. Abnormally high background autofluorescence was seen in the
      macular region in some patients with dominant and recessive retinitis pigmentosa
      and rod-cone dystrophies. In areas of macular edema fundus autofluorescence was
      abnormal. Fundus autofluorescence showed changes over time in most of the eyes
      with retinal diseases studied. CONCLUSION: Fundus autofluorescence allows
      documentation of areas of photoreceptor cell loss in eyes with retinitis
      pigmentosa and rod-cone dystrophies. If abnormal high background autofluorescence
      in the surviving areas occurs only in some patients with retinitis pigmentosa,
      the technique may serve to distinguish the regional from the diffuse type of
      disease. Over time, fundus autofluorescence may demonstrate change or may remain
      stable.

PMID- 9951635
TI  - Surgical extraction of subfoveal choroidal new vessels and submacular haemorrhage
      in age-related macular degeneration: results of a prospective study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The surgical extraction of subfoveal choroidal new vessels (CNV) is
      one of several possibilities to treat subfoveal CNV or haemorrhages in age
      related macular degeneration (ARMD). METHODS: Prospective study, follow-up 3-6
      months. Clinical and angiographic differentiation of three subgroups: (1)
      subfoveal well-defined CNV (24 eyes); (2) subfoveal ill-defined CNV with or
      without well-defined components (10 eyes); (3) submacular haemorrhages (20 eyes).
      RESULTS: The mean and median visual acuity and the proportion of eyes with > or =
      20/200 vision increased slightly in group 1 and decreased slightly in group 2;
      the differences were not significant. Group 3 demonstrated mean improvement but
      was heterogeneous, depending on the site and type of underlying CNV. The
      proportion of eyes with 3 or more lines of improvement after 3 months was 35.3%
      (7/17), 10% (1/10) and 38.9% (7/18) respectively. The proportion of eyes with a
      loss of 3 or more lines after 3 months was 5.9% (1/17), 20% (2/10) and 5.6%
      (1/18) respectively. The recurrence rate was 29.2% (7/24), 8.3% (1/11) and 25%
      (5/20). Intraoperative complications were iatrogenic central tears in 7.3%
      (4/55), peripheral tears in 14.5% (8/55) and peripheral retinal detachment in
      3.6% (2/55). A postoperative retinal detachment was observed in 2 of 55 eyes
      (3.6%). All these complications could be managed without ill effect. CONCLUSION:
      Subfoveal surgery might preserve remaining retinal function in eyes with well
      defined CNV. However, subgroups of the MPS subfoveal laser trials with comparable
      initial visual acuity demonstrated postoperative functional stabilisation and
      similar recurrence rates in well-defined CNV. Though selected cases of submacular
      haemorrhage did profit from surgery, TPA-assisted gas injection will probably be
      a better alternative. Unfortunately, surgery for ill-defined CNV, found in the
      vast majority of eyes with exudative ARMD, seems to worsen the natural course.
      Surgery has to be combined with restoration of Bruch's membrane before it can
      become a possible therapeutic option in ARMD.

PMID- 9951636
TI  - Information from false statements concerning visual acuity and visual field in
      cases of psychogenic visual impairment.
AB  - BACKGROUND: If visual acuity (VA) and/or visual field (VF) is claimed to be worse
      than in reality, it can be difficult to estimate the actual VA/VF. This paper
      describes a method of proving malingering and of estimating the actual VA by
      statistical evaluation of the subjective responses to discrete visual stimuli.
      METHODS: VA is measured by using a Landolt or Snellen optotype with four possible
      directions. There are n (> or = 16) questions at each acuity level. Each
      direction of the optotype occurs with the same frequency. The sequence is not
      predictable. In testing the VF, the stimulus is presented in an unpredictable
      sequence but with the same frequency at each of four distinct locations outside
      the claimed field at the horizontal and the vertical meridian. The field is
      divided into four quadrants defined by the 45 degrees-225 degrees and 135 degrees
      315 degrees meridians. The candidate is requested to search for the light. The
      target quadrant of the first eye movement is recorded. At each VA level, the
      distribution function of the binomial formula allows estimation of the
      probability Pc of < or = kc and > or = kc correct answers to n questions by mere
      accident. Regarding the VF, the direction of the first saccade at each stimulus
      presentation can be processed accordingly. RESULTS: If n = 32 and kc = 0,1,2, the
      chance P that this pattern is merely accidental is about 0.0001, 0.001, 0.007.
      Values of P < or = 0.01 strongly suggest that the answers were voluntarily wrong.
      Preference for the opposite direction can also point to psychogenic influence: If
      ko = 15,16,17,18, P is about 0.006, 0.002, 0.0006, 0.0002. CONCLUSION:
      Systematically false statements can yield valuable information about the actual
      visual functions.

PMID- 9951637
TI  - Eye position changes induced by neck muscle vibration in strabismic subjects.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In normal subjects vibratory stimulation of neck muscle
      proprioceptors can induce eye position change and visual illusory movement. The
      direction of apparent movement is vertical when the back muscles of the neck are
      stimulated and horizontal when lateral-rotation muscles are stimulated. The
      effect of muscle proprioceptor stimulation in individuals with defects in
      binocular vision, such as strabismus, has not been studied previously and is the
      subject of the present report. METHODS: In 23 strabismic patients with different
      levels of binocular vision, 70-Hz mechanical vibration was applied to three
      groups of neck muscles under both dark and normal light conditions, and eye
      position changes were recorded for each eye using an infrared reflection
      technique. The dominant eye fixated on a target while the non-dominant eye was
      covered. RESULTS: When the back muscles were stimulated, eye position changed in
      a downward direction, as previously demonstrated in the normal subjects. However,
      in strabismic subjects with poor binocular vision, stimulation of the horizontal
      rotation neck muscles resulted in eye position changes generally to the same side
      regardless of the muscle group activated. This differed from normal subjects,
      where the direction of the eye position changes is related to the group of
      muscles stimulated. The direction and amplitude of the eye position changes were
      the same under dark and light conditions. CONCLUSION: Proprioceptive information
      from neck muscles plays an important role in regulation of gaze direction. The
      difference that exists between normal subjects and strabismic patients is most
      likely related to differences in binocular function.

PMID- 9951638
TI  - Clinical evaluation of SITA: a new family of perimetric testing strategies.
AB  - PURPOSE: To perform a clinical comparison of the Humphrey Full Threshold strategy
      with its intended replacement, SITA Standard, regarding testing time,
      reproducibility, and measured threshold sensitivity in normal subjects and
      glaucoma patients. METHODS: Thirty-eight healthy volunteers and 80 patients with
      primary open-angel glaucoma underwent central 30-2 testing with both Full
      Threshold and SITA strategies using a Humphrey HFA 2 Model 740 perimeter. The
      testing time, reproducibility, and measured threshold sensitivity of the two
      strategies were compared. RESULTS: The testing time for measurements with SITA
      was 56% lower in normal subjects and 45% lower in glaucoma patients than with
      Full Threshold. Cases having higher mean sensitivity or cases requiring longer
      testing time for Full Threshold had a greater percentage reduction in testing
      time for SITA. The test-retest variability studied in normal subjects was lower,
      but not significantly so, with SITA (2.9%) than with Full Threshold (3.4%). The
      mean sensitivities of SITA were higher (1 dB) than those of Full Threshold not
      only in normal subjects but also in glaucoma patients. This higher sensitivity in
      SITA was found irrespective of the order of the two tests both in normal subjects
      and glaucoma patients. Analysis by each testing point revealed that the
      difference was not dependent on the test point position or the sensitivity at the
      point. CONCLUSION: SITA has greater patient acceptability than the Full Threshold
      strategy. However, the difference in sensitivity can be considerable in a serial
      comparison of one patient's fields tested by Full Threshold and SITA.

PMID- 9951639
TI  - Ten years' surveillance of viral conjunctivitis in Sapporo, Japan.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We set out to establish the epidemiology of viral conjunctivitis over
      a 10-year period in Sapporo, northern Japan. METHODS: A total of 965 patients
      with clinically suspected viral conjunctivitis during the 10-year period from
      1985 to 1994 in Sapporo were evaluated. RESULTS: Among the 965 patients,
      cumulative frequency of adenovirus (Ad) was 721 (75%). The dominant serotype of
      Ad changed with time; each serotype peaked at 3- to 5-year intervals. Adenoviral
      conjunctivitis occurred most often in July and August each year. Ad3 and Ad4 were
      predominantly identified in patients 30-39 years old. No enterovirus 70 has been
      detected. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Chlamydia trachomatis had no significant
      peak. HSV was isolated throughout the year, and C. trachomatis had two peaks of
      detection: in March and from July to September. HSV and C. trachomatis were
      predominantly detected in patients 20-29 years old. CONCLUSION: In this study,
      the main etiological agent of viral conjunctivitis in Sapporo, Japan, was Ad;
      however, attention should be paid to non-adenoviral agents, such as HSV and C.
      trachomatis, as possible causes of acute conjunctivitis.

PMID- 9951640
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopic study of the conjunctiva in cicatricial pemphigoid.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Immune deposits can be found on the conjunctival basement membrane
      zone of patients affected by cicatricial pemphigoid using immunofluorescence
      technique. The purpose of this study was to perform direct immunoelectron
      microscopy on the conjunctiva of patients with scarring conjunctivitis associated
      with cicatricial pemphigoid. METHODS: Conjunctival and skin biopsies were
      performed in six patients who presented with presumed autoimmune cicatrizing
      conjunctivitis associated with cicatricial pemphigoid. Specimens were processed
      for direct immunofluorescence and direct immunoelectron microscopy. RESULTS:
      Direct immunofluorescence was positive in all skin samples and in three of six
      conjunctival samples. Direct immunoelectron microscopy showed immune deposits in
      the lamina lucida and the lamina densa of all skin and conjunctival samples.
      CONCLUSIONS: Direct immunoelectron microscopy can be performed on the
      conjunctiva. It shows the precise localization of cicatricial pemphigoid target
      antigens within the conjunctival basement membrane zone.

PMID- 9951641
TI  - Variability of RPE reaction in two cases after selective RPE laser effects in
      prophylactic treatment of drusen.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The value of prophylactic photocoagulation of soft drusen is unclear.
      Photocoagulation is usually performed by a continuous wave laser. METHODS: We
      report the cases of two patients with age-related macular degeneration with soft
      drusen who were treated by selective retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)
      photocoagulation of a pulsed Nd:YLF (527 nm) laser. Laser parameters were:
      wavelength 527 nm, number of pulses in a train 500, pulse duration 1.7
      microseconds, energy per pulse 70 microJ, spot size 160 microns, repetition rate
      500 Hz. RESULTS: Dosimetry performed individually showed that in both patients
      laser photocoagulation was performed at the threshold of RPE disruption. None of
      the laser effects was visible during photocoagulation. They were detectable only
      by fluorescein angiography. Despite identical photocoagulation parameters the RPE
      reaction was completely different. In the first patient RPE hyperpigmentation was
      notable at most photocoagulation sites and the drusen had disappeared after 6
      months. In the second patient the laser effects were not visible after 6 months
      by biomicroscopy and the drusen stayed unchanged. CONCLUSION: These findings
      could reflect different repair mechanisms of the RPE after alteration and could
      represent a sign of a different viable stage in the life of RPE cells. Close
      attention should be paid to this phenomenon in the various drusen studies
      currently under way.

PMID- 9951642
TI  - Macular translocation for surgical management of subfoveal choroidal
      neovascularizations in patients with AMD: first results.
AB  - BACKGROUND: At present no satisfying treatment for subfoveal choroidal
      neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is
      available. Visual results after successful surgical removal of subfoveal CNV are
      disappointing. This has been explained by a primary dysfunction of the retinal
      pigment epithelium (RPE) in the macular region and the surgical trauma to the RPE
      in patients with AMD. Therefore, Machemer and Steinhorst developed a technique
      for macular translocation after surgical removal of subfoveal CNV. We report our
      first experiences with this technique in patients with subfoveal CNV secondary to
      AMD. METHODS: Seven patients aged between 71 and 83 years with subfoveal CNV were
      included in the study. Visual acuity of the fellow eyes was below 20/400. All
      patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy. Retinal detachment was produced by
      subretinal infusion of balanced salt solution and a 360 degrees retinotomy at the
      base of the vitreous was performed. After removal of the CNV, retinal rotation
      and reattachment, the retina bordering the retinotomy was coagulated with
      endolaser photocoagulation. Silicone oil was used as temporary tamponade.
      RESULTS: In all patients the subfoveal CNV was removed and the macula was
      translocated by a 15 degrees-45 degrees rotation onto functional RPE. The mean
      duration of follow-up was 11 +/- 3 months. Initial visual acuity ranged from
      20/80 to hand movements. Final visual acuity was 20/100 to 20/400. Initially all
      patients complained of tilted vision. During follow-up the rotation of the image
      regressed and was well tolerated by all patients. Complications included the
      development of retinal detachment in three patients after silicone oil removal,
      development of a macula pucker, and a significant increase of lens opacity in the
      phakic eyes. CONCLUSION: In our series rapid improvement of visual function was
      observed in one patient only, even if the macula appeared ophthalmoscopically and
      angiographically normal. Vitreoretinal complications occurred frequently during
      follow-up.

PMID- 9951643
TI  - Effects of EGb761 and superoxide dismutase in an experimental model of
      retinopathy generated by intravitreal production of superoxide anion radical.
AB  - BACKGROUND: A study was carried out to investigate the effect of two antioxidants
      -Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)--in an
      experimental model of vitreoretinopathy obtained by direct production of oxygen
      free radicals in the vitreous cavity. METHODS: Twenty-eight pigmented rabbits
      were used. Vitreoretinopathy was induced by intravitreal injection of 50
      microliters of a mixture composed of 40 nmol of xanthine and 0.001 IU of xanthine
      oxidase. Rabbits were randomly distributed into four groups: Group 1 (n = 8) did
      not receive any treatment and served as a positive control. Groups 2 (n = 8) and
      3 (n = 8) received for 1 month EGb761 given orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day,
      respectively 1 day after and 1 week before induction of retinopathy. Group 4 (n =
      4) was treated by three intramuscular injections of 15,000 IU/kg of SOD, 24 h
      before induction and 24 and 48 h thereafter. Clinical evaluations and
      electroretinograms (ERG) were repeatedly performed until the animals were killed
      at day 28. Histological examinations and immunohistological procedures were
      performed to ascertain the origin and characteristics of the cellular
      proliferation and to compare vitreoretinal structures in the four groups.
      RESULTS: Intravitreal injection of xanthine-xanthine oxidase produced a strong
      inflammatory response with vitreous infiltrates and epiretinal membrane
      formation, inconstantly associated with retinal detachment. ERG showed a decrease
      of the a-, b- and c-waves beginning within a few hours after injection.
      Histologic evaluation found an intravitreal and epiretinal infiltration by
      leukocytes and epithelial-derived cells, dense vitreoretinal membranes and
      retinal detachments with occasional neovascularization. In the treated groups
      (groups 2-4), all clinical, electric and histologic data were significantly
      improved compared to the control group. However, no difference could be found
      among the three treated groups. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the strong
      pathologic effects of free radical production on the retina and the close
      relationships between free radicals, inflammatory pathways and vitreoretinal
      proliferative disorders. It also confirms the pharmacological interest of
      prevention by antioxidants and free radical scavengers.

PMID- 9951644
TI  - Retinal pigment epithelial cells from Royal College of Surgeons dystrophic rats
      can take up melanin granules.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Many successful pigment epithelium transplantation studies involving
      pink-eyed Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) dystrophic rats showed highly pigmented
      transplanted cells forming a double layer with slightly pigmented cells, attached
      to Bruch's membrane. Since it is not clear whether transplanted pigmented cells
      can displace retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) host cells from Bruch's membrane,
      we suggested that RPE cells of RCS dystrophic rats can phagocytize melanin
      granules, possibly derived from perished transplanted cells. METHODS: In a series
      of three experiments, RPE cells of nine pink-eyed, 2 1/2-month-old RCS dystrophic
      rats were isolated by trypsinization and mechanical dissection and cultivated in
      Dulbecco's modified Eagles' medium. These cells were then fed with melanin
      granules, isolated from bovine RPE cells, double-trypsinized after phagocytosis
      and viewed by light and electron microscopy. We also transplanted iris pigment
      epithelial (IPE) cells of 20-day-old Long-Evans rats into the subretinal space of
      pink-eyed RCS dystrophic rats of the same age, shown in light-microscopic
      photography after 42 days. RESULTS: Living RPE cells were heavily pigmented after
      feeding with isolated melanin granules in all three experiments as viewed by
      light microscopy. In addition, we identified melanin granules phagocytized by
      dystrophic RPE cells in electron microscopy. After transplantation of pigmented
      IPE cells into the subretinal space of pink-eyed RCS dystrophic rats' eyes, a
      layer of slightly pigmented cells was seen on Bruch's membrane below the
      transplanted IPE cells, shown in light microscopy. CONCLUSION: We have shown by
      phagocytosis assay that dystrophic RPE cells can take up melanin granules in
      vitro. Our results assume that pigmented cells in transplantation studies, found
      as a monolayer, attached to Bruch's membrane, cannot automatically be identified
      as transplanted cells. Instead, the possibility of perished transplanted cells
      serving as melanin donors for RPE host cells must be taken into consideration.

PMID- 9951645
TI  - Inhibitory effect of Trapidil on the proliferation of bovine corneal fibroblasts
      in vitro.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In order to develop new strategies for the pharmacological modulation
      of posttraumatic and postsurgical wound healing of the corneal stroma, the effect
      of Trapidil, a competitive platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) antagonist, on
      the proliferation of cultured bovine stromal fibroblasts (BSF) was investigated.
      METHODS: BSF, obtained from explant cultures, were seeded at a cell density of
      100/mm2. The effect of various concentrations of Trapidil on cell viability and
      cell proliferation was determined using three different culture conditions: (1)
      serum-free medium (WM/F12), (2) serum-containing medium (WM/F12 + 10% FCS), and
      (3) serum-free medium + 50 ng/ml PDGF-BB. Trapidil was added in concentrations
      ranging from 100 micrograms/ml to 400 micrograms/ml. Cell numbers were determined
      2 and 5 days after addition of Trapidil, using a computer-based cell-counting
      system. Cell viability was evaluated morphologically and by means of a
      repopulation assay. RESULTS: Addition of Trapidil (100-400 micrograms/ml) led to
      a significant, dose-dependent inhibition of both serum- and PDGF-BB-induced
      proliferation of BSF. In contrast, treatment of quiescent BSF, cultured in serum
      free medium, did not result in a significant reduction of cell number. No
      cytotoxic effects were observed. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study
      demonstrate an inhibitory effect of Trapidil on the proliferation of BSF. It can
      be assumed that application of Trapidil might be a useful tool in the prevention
      of corneal complications after trauma (e.g., scarring, astigmatism and--with
      respect to photorefractive procedures--formation of haze and regression of the
      refractive effect).

PMID- 9951646
TI  - Appearance and rapid growth of retinal tumor (reactive astrocytic hyperplasia?).
AB  - BACKGROUND: Tumors of the retina are often seen in association with systemic
      syndromes such as neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, and von Hippel-Lindau
      disease. These masses are either astrocytic hamartomas or capillary hemangiomas.
      Retinal tumors unassociated with other systemic disease have also been reported.
      METHODS: The ophthalmologic evaluation and clinical course of a 65-year-old woman
      who developed an epiretinal membrane followed by a vascularized retinal mass in
      the macular area are described. RESULTS: Appearance and rapid growth of the
      lesion were documented with fundus photography and fluorescein angiography. The
      lesion was treated with photocoagulation following growth that threatened the
      foveal region. Choroidal neovascularization subsequently developed toward the
      fovea, and visual acuity has remained poor. After 4 years of follow-up no local
      recurrence or systemic disease possibly related to the tumor has occurred.
      CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of documented appearance and rapid growth
      of a retinal tumor that resembles a reactive astrocytic hyperplasia.

PMID- 9951647
TI  - MHC expression in syngeneic and allogeneic retinal cell transplants in the rat.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The major histocompatibility complexes, MHC class I and II, are found
      only sparsely or not at all in the retina. Since the eye is immunoprivileged, we
      decided to investigate how the MHC class I and II antigens were influenced by a
      retinal transplant and whether this could be correlated to rejection of the
      transplant. METHODS: Fetal neural retinas of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were
      implanted in the subretinal space of adult Lewis and SD rats. After 5 weeks the
      retinas and the transplants were evaluated with antibodies against MHC class I
      and II antigens as well as microglia. RESULTS: In the syngeneic transplants no
      upregulation of MHC class I antigen was seen and no MHC class II-positive cells
      could be detected. In the allogeneic transplants, on the other hand, there was
      marked upregulation of MHC class I antigen. Numerous MHC class II antigen
      positive cells were seen in the subretinal transplant but also in the host
      retina. CONCLUSION: Allogeneic retinal transplants seem to grow and thrive just
      as well as syngeneic transplants, but in the former there is considerable
      upregulation of MHC expression. Our interpretation of these results is that the
      allogeneic transplants are recognized as nonself, but that there is also
      something that modifies this reaction of the immune system at this level,
      preventing the rejection that would normally ensue.

PMID- 9951651
TI  - Ethical concerns.

PMID- 9951650
TI  - Phakic intraocular lenses and patient consent.

PMID- 9951649
TI  - The human thymus. A chimeric organ comprised of central and peripheral lymphoid
      components.
AB  - The human thymus is a lymphoepithelial organ in which T cells develop during
      fetal life. After maturation and selection in the fetal thymic microenvironment,
      T cells emigrate to peripheral lymphoid tissues such as the spleen, gut, and
      lymph nodes, and establish the peripheral T cell repertoire. Although the thymus
      has enormous regenerative capacity during fetal development, the regenerative
      capacity of the human postnatal thymus decreases over time. With the advent of
      intensive chemotherapy regimens for a variety of cancer syndromes, and the
      discovery that infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) leads to
      severe loss of CD4+ T cells, has come the need to understand the role of the
      human thymus in reconstitution of the immune system in adults. During a recent
      study of the thymus in HIV infection, we observed many CD8+ T cells in AIDS
      thymuses that had markers consistent with those of mature effector cytotoxic T
      cells usually found in peripheral immune tissues, and noted these CD8+ effector T
      cells were predominantly located in a thymic zone termed the thymic perivascular
      space. This article reviews our own work on the thymus in HIV-1 infection, and
      discusses the work of others that, taken together, suggest that the thymus
      contains peripheral immune cell components not only in the setting of HIV
      infection, but also in myasthenia gravis, as well as throughout normal life
      during the process of thymus involution. Thus, the human thymus can be thought of
      as a chimeric organ comprised of both central and peripheral lymphoid tissues.
      These observations have led us to postulate that the thymic epithelial atrophy
      and decrease in thymopoiesis that occurs in myasthenia gravis, HIV-1 infection,
      and thymic involution may in part derive from cytokines or other factors produced
      by peripheral immune cells within the thymic perivascular space.

PMID- 9951652
TI  - Harold Ridley's first patient.

PMID- 9951653
TI  - Sulcus transscleral sutured posterior chamber lenses.

PMID- 9951654
TI  - Determining real IOP values.

PMID- 9951655
TI  - Consolidating the association between Goldmann applanation IOP undermeasurement
      and photorefractive surgery.

PMID- 9951656
TI  - Phakic IOL terminology.

PMID- 9951657
TI  - Inclusive references.

PMID- 9951658
TI  - Consultation section. Cataract surgical problem.

PMID- 9951659
TI  - Dispersive-cohesive viscoelastic soft shell technique.
AB  - Based on their physical properties, ophthalmic viscoelastic agents can be divided
      into 2 groups: higher-viscosity cohesive and lower-viscosity dispersive. Higher
      viscosity cohesive agents are best at creating and preserving space, while lower
      viscosity dispersive agents are retained better in the anterior chamber and are
      capable of partitioning spaces. The viscoelastic soft shell technique maximizes
      the advantages and minimizes the disadvantages of both groups by using dispersive
      and cohesive agents together in sequence based on the desired surgical goal.

PMID- 9951660
TI  - The 45 degree tilt: improvement in surgical ergonomics.
AB  - The ergonomics of ocular surgery has received little attention even though the
      usual positioning of the patient and surgeon during traditional cataract surgery
      places the surgeon at risk for back, neck, and arm strain. The recent development
      of the temporal cataract incision allows the operating microscope to be tilted
      and the patient's head to be turned 45 degrees, permitting the surgeon to assume
      better posture during ocular procedures. The 45 degree tilt helps the surgeon
      avoid cervical and lumbar flexion by leaning back in the chair, which produces
      cervical and lumbar extension and avoids repetitive stress injuries to the neck
      and lower back.

PMID- 9951648
TI  - The immunopathology of siliconosis. History, clinical presentation, and relation
      to silicosis and the chemistry of silicon and silicone.
AB  - Recent evidence confirms the fundamental involvement of the human immune system
      in the reaction to implantation of silicone-based medical devices. An as yet-to
      be particularized epitope of many complex substances sharing siloxane structures
      is presented through the MHC-II apparatus with development and retention of T
      cell memory. This memory can be tested for in practical terms using one or more
      forms of silica, which links the immuno-histopathology and autoimmune attributes
      of "silicosis" with those of "siliconosis." The lesions of siliconosis are
      typical of those for persistent antigens and delayed, cell mediated
      hypersensitivity. The basic descriptive pathology of the reaction to silicone has
      been known since soon after introduction of silicones in medical procedures, with
      the exception of some details related to the more recent discoveries on the role
      of cytokines in the immunopathic process. The clinical consequences of
      siliconosis are common and can be severe in some individuals implanted with
      silicone devices.

PMID- 9951661
TI  - Binocular function and patient satisfaction after monovision induced by myopic
      photorefractive keratectomy.
AB  - PURPOSE: To measure binocular function and patient satisfaction with monovision
      induced by photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in myopic presbyopic patients.
      SETTING: Refractive Department, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. METHODS:
      This study comprised 21 myopic presbyopic patients with monovision induced by
      PRK. Sixteen emmetropic patients who had PRK served as a control group.
      Monovision was induced by undercorrecting the nondominant eye by 1.25 diopters
      for near vision and correcting the dominant eye with emmetropia for distance
      vision. Monocular and binocular uncorrected Snellen visual acuities at 20 feet
      and 13 inches, manifest refraction, ocular dominance, stereopsis at 20 feet and
      13 inches, monocular and binocular contrast sensitivities, Worth-4-Dot test at 20
      feet and 1/3 of a meter, and fusional convergence amplitudes were examined in
      each patient. RESULTS: In the monovision group at near and distance, 20 patients
      (95.3%) had binocular visual acuity of 20/25 or better. No patient in the
      monovision group used reading glasses postoperatively; 4 of 16 patients (25.0%)
      in the control group used such glasses. All patients maintained binocular fusion
      and stereo acuity ranging from 40 to 800 seconds of arc. Mean patient
      satisfaction was 86% (range 40% to 100%). In the control group, 12 patients
      (75.0%) had binocular distance visual acuity of 20/25 or better and 11 (68.8%)
      had binocular near visual acuity of 20/25 or better. CONCLUSION: Monovision PRK
      patients had better near vision than control PRK patients, with minimal
      compromise in stereo acuity and overall high patient satisfaction.

PMID- 9951662
TI  - Induced astigmatism after photorefractive keratectomy.
AB  - PURPOSE: To retrospectively analyze a group of patients to determine whether
      their induced astigmatism was caused by asymmetry in the laser beam, asymmetry in
      ablation rates, or wound healing in different corneal meridians. SETTING: Single
      center physician office. METHODS: In this study, 146 eyes of 116 patients who had
      photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia with the Apex laser (Summit
      Technology) were retrospectively identified. In 28 eyes, the patient's chair had
      been rotated 90 degrees from its usual position under the laser. The vector
      summated mean change in astigmatism in eyes with the chair rotated 90 degrees was
      compared with that in a group of control eyes in which the chair was in the usual
      position. RESULTS: The vector-summated mean change in the control eyes was 0.30
      diopter (D) at 83 degrees. Forty-eight of 113 eyes (42.5%) had induced with-the
      rule (WTR) astigmatism, and 14 of 113 eyes (12.4%) had induced against-the-rule
      (ATR) astigmatism. In the eyes in which the chair was rotated 90 degrees, vector
      summated mean change was 0.10 D at 13 degrees (P < .0005). One of 27 eyes (3.7%)
      had induced WTR astigmatism, and 13 of 27 eyes (48.1%) had induced ATR
      astigmatism (P < .001, chi-square). CONCLUSION: Astigmatism induced by myopic PRK
      with the Apex laser was small. The axis of induced astigmatism rotated 90 degrees
      when the patient's chair was rotated, implying that it is inhomogeneities in the
      beam rather than meridional asymmetry in ablation rates or wound healing that are
      responsible for induced astigmatism.

PMID- 9951663
TI  - Retreatment of central islands after photorefractive keratectomy.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate excimer laser retreatment of central islands and the
      refractive consequences. SETTING: Department d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier
      de l'Universite Laval, Quebec City, and Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General
      Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. METHODS: In this study, 22 eyes
      retreated for central islands were retrospectively analyzed. All initial
      corrections and retreatments were performed with the Chiron Technolas Keracor 116
      laser. RESULTS: A marked decrease in symptoms was observed in almost all cases.
      Topographic analysis confirmed these results but revealed persistence of minimal
      islands in several cases. Retreatment of central islands also induced a small
      myopic correction. Using a 2.5 mm zone, the mean induced refractive effect was
      0.21 diopter of myopic correction per diopter of retreatment. CONCLUSION:
      Retreatment of central islands appeared safe, was relatively easy, and provided
      good results with a rapid recovery.

PMID- 9951665
TI  - Surgical correction of postkeratoplasty astigmatism with the Hanna arcitome.
AB  - PURPOSE: To report the results of arcuate keratotomy performed with the Hanna
      arcitome in patients with postkeratoplasty astigmatism. SETTING: Department of
      Ophthalmology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris VI University, Paris, France.
      METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 22 eyes (22 patients) with
      postkeratoplasty astigmatism. Paired symmetrical arcuate keratotomy was performed
      with the Hanna arcitome. Outcome measures included refraction, videokeratography,
      and keratometry. RESULTS: At 6.6 months +/- 8.9 (SD) after surgery, the mean
      increase in best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was 2.1 +/- 2.4 lines.
      Thirteen eyes gained 2 lines or more of BSCVA, and 15 gained 3 lines or more of
      uncorrected visual acuity. Two patients had a decrease in BSCVA: 1 had lens
      opacification unrelated to arcuate keratotomy and 1, increased corneal
      irregularity. Mean refractive astigmatism was 6.94 +/- 2.11 diopters (D)
      preoperatively and 3.85 +/- 1.95 D postoperatively (P < .01). Mean change in
      keratometric astigmatism was -51 +/- 36%. Astigmatism decreased in 21 eyes as
      measured by manifest refraction, keratometry, and videokeratography; it increased
      in 1 cornea with a microperforation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of arcuate
      keratotomy performed with the Hanna arcitome were comparable to those with
      freehand relaxing incisions. The instrument made safer and more uniform arcuate
      incisions than a freehand technique.

PMID- 9951664
TI  - Excimer laser assisted in situ keratomileusis for hyperopia.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate hyperopic surgical correction with 6.0 mm optical zone
      hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) after various refractive
      procedures. SETTING: Buzard Eye Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. METHODS: This
      study followed 14 eyes of 14 patients who had hyperopic LASIK with a VISX Star
      laser. Mean follow-up was 8 months. The patients represented a variety of
      preoperative situations, including primary radial keratotomy (RK) (5 eyes)
      primary automated lamellar keratectomy (ALK) (2 eyes), primary LASIK (3 eyes),
      congenital hyperopia (1 eye), and combinations of ALK, RK, and LASIK. In all
      patients, a toroidal or "doughnut-shaped" ablation was constructed with the use
      of a 3.5 mm diameter soft contact lens as a blocking agent centrally with a 6.0
      mm outside beam diameter. RESULTS: Mean preoperative spherical equivalent was
      +1.33 diopters (D) +/- 0.5 (SD) (range +0.50 to +1.88 D). The mean spherical
      equivalent was -0.32 +/- 1.20 D (range -1.25 to +2.63 D) at 1 month
      postoperatively and -0.15 +/- 0.60 D (range -1.13 to +1.25 D) at the last follow
      up. Uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 was obtained by 13 eyes (93%). No eye lost
      2 or more lines of best corrected visual acuity at last follow-up. Four eyes
      required a postoperative LASIK enhancement procedure to correct induced myopia.
      No significant complications were seen. CONCLUSION: Hyperopic LASIK with the
      technique used in this study appeared safe, predictable, and stable. It
      represents a simple way to add hyperopic correction to existing laser systems.

PMID- 9951666
TI  - Laser thermokeratoplasty after lamellar corneal cutting.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of laser thermokeratoplasty (LTK) in eyes that
      previously had a lamellar corneal cut. SETTING: University of Al-Azhar, Cairo,
      Egypt, and Instituto Oftalmologico de Alicante, Spain. METHODS: In 15 eyes (10
      patients), noncontact LTK was applied 6 to 8 weeks after a lamellar corneal cut
      had been made. Central pachymetry, keratometry, and videokeratography were
      performed and uncorrected visual acuity, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity
      (BSCVA), and manifest and cycloplegic refractions measured before and 1, 6, 12,
      and 18 months after LTK. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 19.13 months. Mean
      refraction was +5.93 diopters (D) +/- 1.9 (SD) before LTK and -0.43 +/- 1.5 D at
      1 month, +1.63 +/- 1.6 D at 6 months, 1.91 +/- 1.41 at 12 months, and +2.01 +/-
      1.5 D at the end of the study. Total regression did not occur in any case. Mean
      BSCVA before LTK was 0.66 +/- 0.2, and spontaneous visual acuity at the end of
      the study was 0.58 +/- 0.18. No patient lost any lines of preoperative BSCVA.
      There was no significant difference between the results at 12 months and at the
      end of the study. CONCLUSION: Corneal lamellar cutting appeared to improve the
      magnitude of the refractive effect of noncontact LTK and to decrease the amount
      of regression.

PMID- 9951667
TI  - Pathological examination of an explanted phakic posterior chamber intraocular
      lens.
AB  - PURPOSE: To report the clinicopathological correlation of an explanted phakic
      posterior chamber intraocular lens (PPC IOL) and to study the conformation of
      this lens implanted into human eyes obtained postmortem. SETTING: Center for
      Research on Ocular Therapeutics and Biodevices, Department of Ophthalmology,
      Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
      Carolina, USA. METHODS: Three silicone PPC IOLs were explanted. One lens,
      explanted from a 38-year-old woman with complicated cataract, was submitted for
      pathological analysis. In addition to gross and scanning electron microscopy
      (SEM), the lens was studied after experimental implantation in human eyes
      obtained postmortem using frontal, posterior, and side-view techniques. RESULTS:
      Although gross and SEM showed that the IOL was well polished, examination of the
      lens in human cadaver eyes showed it was oversized and poorly fixated. It was
      relatively bulky in its anterior-posterior dimension and revealed evidence of
      significant contact with the iris and crystalline lens. CONCLUSIONS: This study
      illustrates many pitfalls to be avoided in the design of a plate PPC IOL. The
      lens in this report was too large, and instead of ciliary sulcus fixation, it
      showed poor fixation through the zonules onto the posterior face of the pars
      plicata. Present and future PPC IOLs should be submitted for similar preclinical
      studies to clarify the type and site of fixation.

PMID- 9951668
TI  - Necessity of the Honan intraocular pressure reducer in cataract surgery using
      topical anesthesia.
AB  - PURPOSE: To assess the use of the Honan intraocular pressure reducer (HIPR) for
      clear corneal cataract surgery using topical anesthesia. SETTING: University of
      North Carolina Hospitals Ambulatory Care Clinic outpatient operating rooms.
      METHODS: Of 51 consecutive candidates for surgery (excluding those with
      uncontrolled glaucoma), 26 were randomly assigned to wear the HIPR (Honan group)
      for 10 minutes before surgery. The remainder were placed in a control group.
      Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before (T1) and after (T2) HIPR
      application and after patient preparation for surgery (T3). RESULTS: Mean IOP was
      the same in the Honan and control groups at T1 and T3. At T2, the groups had a
      significantly different mean IOP (P = 1.8 x 10(-5)). In the Honan group, mean IOP
      decreased significantly (P = 2.8 x 10(-7)) between T1 and T2, and there was a
      significant correlation among patients at T1 and T2 (P < .0005). Between T2 and
      T3, the Honan group experienced a significant recovery (P = 3.5 x 10(-9)); there
      was a significant correlation between the decreases from T1 to T2 and the
      increases from T2 to T3 (P < .0005). Mean IOP in the control group did not change
      between T1 and T2 but increased significantly between T2 and T3 (P = .004).
      CONCLUSION: When using topical anesthesia, the HIPR transiently reduced IOP.
      However, the IOP-reducing effect resolved by the time of surgery, negating any
      reason to use the HIPR with topical anesthesia for cataract surgery.

PMID- 9951669
TI  - Inflammation after phacoemulsification in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
      without retinopathy: prospective study.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate inflammation after clear corneal incision (CCI) cataract
      surgery in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and no
      retinopathy. METHODS: Forty patients with diabetes and 40 age-matched controls
      had standardized temporal CCI cataract surgery with implantation of a foldable
      intraocular lens. Anterior chamber flare was evaluated in an undilated eye with a
      laser flare-cell meter preoperatively and 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days
      postoperatively. RESULTS: In both groups, flare and cell values increased on the
      first postoperative day and successively decreased on the following days. Flare
      had not recovered to preoperative values by day 28. At no time was there a
      significant mean difference in cell and flare between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION:
      It does not appear necessary to alter the postoperative therapeutic regimen in
      patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and no retinopathy.

PMID- 9951670
TI  - Posterior capsule opacification after phacoemulsification in patients with
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after
      phacoemulsification and implantation of heparin-surface-modified (HSM)
      poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) intraocular lenses (IOLs) in the capsular bag in
      patients with diabetes mellitus with that in a control group. SETTING: St. Erik's
      Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. METHODS: This prospective study comprised 26
      patients with diabetes mellitus and 26 control patients without diabetes. Those
      with glaucoma, exfoliation syndrome, uveitis, and pupil size smaller than 6.0 mm
      after dilation were excluded. All patients received the same standardized
      phacoemulsification procedure with implantation of an HSM PMMA IOL in the
      capsular bag. Posterior capsule opacification was scored 1 and 2 years after
      surgery by evaluating retroillumination images taken with a Scheimpflug camera
      (Nidek Anterior Eye Segment Analysis System) after pupil dilation with
      phenylephrine 10% and cyclopentolate 1%. The PCO density behind the IOL optic was
      graded clinically from 0 to 4 (0 = none, 1 = minimal, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4 =
      severe) and scored using the Evaluation of Posterior Capsule Opacification
      medical software developing system. RESULTS: No differences in PCO were found
      between the diabetic and control groups 1 year after surgery. The total PCO score
      was significantly less in diabetic than in control eyes 2 years after surgery (P
      < .05, Mann-Whitney). In addition, progression of PCO from 1 year to 2 years
      after surgery was significantly less in diabetic groups with different stages of
      diabetic retinopathy than in the control group (P < or = .05, Kruskal-Wallis
      analysis of variance and multiple comparisons). CONCLUSION: The rate of PCO after
      phacoemulsification was statistically significantly lower in patients with
      diabetes mellitus than in those without diabetes.

PMID- 9951671
TI  - Phacoemulsification in eyes with posterior polar cataract.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of phacoemulsification in eyes with posterior
      polar developmental cataract and to appraise the strategy for surgical
      management. SETTING: Iladevi Cataract & IOL Research Centre, Raghudeep Eye
      Clinic, Ahmedabad, India. METHOD: This prospective study comprised 25 consecutive
      patients. All surgeries were performed by 1 surgeon. Endophacoemulsification was
      carried out after hydrodelineation. Hydrodissection or rotation was not
      attempted. A 2-port vitrectomy was performed when necessary. RESULTS: Mean follow
      up was 13.72 months (range 7 to 22 months). Nine patients (36%) developed
      posterior capsule rupture and 8 (32%) revealed plaques. An intraocular lens (IOL)
      was implanted in all 25 eyes. In 8 of 9 cases with rupture, the haptics were
      placed in the sulcus; in 1 case, the IOL was placed in the bag. One patient in
      the capsular rupture group developed macular edema 3 weeks postoperatively that
      responded to conservative treatment. Among 25 patients, 18 had a visual acuity of
      20/20 to 20/30 and 6, 20/80 to 20/120. These 6 patients had residual posterior
      capsule plaque. All except 2 patients with plaque required a neodymium:YAG
      capsulotomy. In these patients, visual acuity improved to 20/30. In 1 patient,
      with microcornea, acuity did not improve to beyond 20/120. CONCLUSION: This study
      confirms the predisposition to posterior capsule rupture in eyes with posterior
      polar cataracts. Careful surgical planning produces satisfactory technical and
      visual outcomes.

PMID- 9951672
TI  - Posterior capsule opacification 5 years after extracapsular cataract extraction.
AB  - PURPOSE: To find out whether there is a "hidden" group of patients with posterior
      capsule opacification (PCO) 5 years after cataract surgery and to establish the
      incidence of PCO. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University
      Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. METHODS: A random sample (n = 164) was selected
      among patients who had extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with intraocular
      lens implantation in 1991 (N = 1672). All surgically treated cases that required
      neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy (n = 37) within the first 5 years after
      surgery were recorded. Patients still alive 5 years after surgery who had not had
      Nd:YAG treatment were offered an eye examination to determine whether PCO
      requiring capsulotomy existed. RESULTS: Thirty-seven of 110 patients (34%) alive
      5 years after surgery had an Nd:YAG capsulotomy during the first 5 postoperative
      years. Follow-up was possible in 51 of 73 untreated patients (70%). Clinically
      significant PCO according to specified criteria was found in 7 cases (14%). Half
      of them would benefit from treatment; the other half had visual impairment from
      other eye disease. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated incidence of PCO 5 years after ECCE
      was 43%. Five years after surgery, there was an untreated group with clinically
      significant PCO, approximately 9% of the surgically treated population. This
      hidden group must be considered in PCO studies.

PMID- 9951673
TI  - Posterior capsule opacification in eyes with a silicone or poly(methyl
      methacrylate) intraocular lens.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and silicone
      intraocular lenses (IOLs) on posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after cataract
      surgery. SETTING: Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea. METHODS: This
      retrospective study comprised 48 patients (54 eyes) who had neodymium:YAG
      (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy from March 1995 to December 1997. All
      operations were performed by 1 surgeon using the same technique except for
      incision method. RESULTS: Mean interval from cataract surgery to Nd:YAG
      capsulotomy was 31 months in the PMMA group and 15 months in the silicone group.
      The difference between groups was statistically significant (P = .0002). The
      ratio of Elschnig pearl to fibrosis type PCO was 16:6 in the PMMA group and 14:18
      in the silicone group. Mean total Nd:YAG laser energy used was 256 mJ in the PMMA
      group and 309 mJ in silicone group. However, the damage caused by the laser was
      more severe and more common in the silicone group. CONCLUSION: Silicone IOLs
      induced PCO faster than PMMA IOLs, with fibrosis the most common type in the
      silicone group. Precautions should be taken to prevent damage during Nd:YAG laser
      capsulotomy in eyes with a silicone IOL.

PMID- 9951674
TI  - Optical coherence tomography of macular thickness after cataract surgery.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate macular thickness changes after uneventful cataract surgery
      using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and compare the findings with those of
      flare and cell measurements of the anterior chamber. SETTING: Clinique Sourdille,
      Nantes, France. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 41 eyes having uneventful
      cataract surgery with a clear corneal small incision and intracapsular fixation
      of a foldable intraocular lens were evaluated by OCT and laser flare and cell
      measurements preoperatively and 1, 8 to 12, and 30 to 60 days postoperatively.
      RESULTS: Some postoperative increase in macular thickness was noted in 11 eyes.
      This was not related to a higher postoperative flare. Visual consequences were
      proportional to the macular elevation. CONCLUSION: Clinical and subclinical
      thickness changes, without breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier, can be
      detected after cataract surgery. Most of these changes resolve spontaneously, but
      their mid- and long-term significance is unknown.

PMID- 9951676
TI  - Intralenticular implant study in pigmented rabbits: opacity lensmeter assessment.
AB  - PURPOSE: To quantitatively analyze the clarity of regenerated lens material after
      endocapsular lens extraction and restoration of the lens capsular bag with and
      without implantation of an intralenticular disc lens. SETTING: Shepherd Research
      Center, Allergan, Irvine, California, USA. METHOD: The clarity of regenerated
      lens material was evaluated by Interzeag Opacity Lensmeter 701 (OLM) recordings
      after endocapsular lens extraction in New Zealand/Dutch Belt pigmented rabbits
      with (n = 21) and without (n = 16) placement of a disc-shaped intralenticular
      implant in the capsular bag. Postoperative objective measurements were performed
      at 1, 2, and 3 weeks and 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. Comparisons were made between
      young and adult rabbits. RESULTS: Mean OLM results were similar in both groups at
      weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4. After 1 month, progressive central compaction of early
      irregular regenerated lens fibers was associated with increased OLM readings that
      were higher in the intralenticular implant group than in the control group.
      Regenerated lens opacification was greater in tissue posterior to the
      intralenticular lens than in that anterior to the disc lens. CONCLUSION:
      Insertion of an intralenticular disc lens into the lens capsule bag was
      associated with poor optical clarity primarily of the posterior regenerated lens
      tissue. The OLM was useful in assessing the degree of opacification of the
      regenerated lenses.

PMID- 9951675
TI  - Pseudoaccommodation: BioComFold versus a foldable silicone intraocular lens.
AB  - PURPOSE: To assess the degree of pseudoaccommodation amplitude correlated with
      shifts along the anteroposterior axis of the BioComFold foldable intraocular lens
      (IOL). SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Hotel-Dieu Hospital, Paris, France.
      METHODS: This prospective study comprised 30 eyes of 30 patients operated on
      consecutively for cataract by phacoemulsification and in-the-bag implantation of
      a BioComFold (15 patients) or a foldable control (15 patients) IOL. The
      BioComFold IOL has a peripheral bulging ring that pushes the optic forward during
      the effort to accommodate, creating a zoom effect. Pseudoaccommodation amplitude
      was evaluated using the blurring of controlled vision by adding spheres, with the
      best correction for distance vision in place. Pupil diameter was measured with a
      Goldmann campimeter under constant illumination. Anterior chamber depth was
      determined by A-scan (Paxial, Biophysic Medical) 30 minutes after cyclopentolate
      1% was instilled and again 30 minutes after pilocarpine 2% was instilled.
      RESULTS: The difference in pseudoaccommodation amplitude and pupil diameter
      between the 2 groups was not statistically significant (P = .6737 and P = .4014,
      respectively). The IOL's forward shifts from maximal ciliary relaxation to
      maximal ciliary contraction were significantly greater in the BioComFold group (P
      = .0215). CONCLUSION: The design of the BioComFold IOL allowed greater forward
      optic shifts along the anteroposterior axis during the effort to accommodate.
      Nevertheless, this shift was not correlated with a significantly greater
      pseudoaccommodation amplitude.

PMID- 9951677
TI  - Cataract development after implantation of the Staar Collamer posterior chamber
      phakic lens.
AB  - Implantation of a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens is an effective
      refractive procedure with a good safety record in the short-term follow-ups
      reported in the literature. Cataract formation is a potential complication of the
      procedure. Two patients developed lens opacities in 3 eyes after the procedure
      was performed for myopic astigmatism. The possible causes are discussed. This is
      not a dangerous complication as cataract extraction is easily achieved if
      necessary. However, it is undesirable and further research is required to assess
      the long-term incidence, causes, and ways to prevent its occurrence.

PMID- 9951678
TI  - Late clear corneal wound failure after trivial trauma.
AB  - A clear corneal cataract wound ruptured after trivial trauma. The wound did not
      meet the criteria for wound stability as previously recommended. This case
      illustrates the potential public health hazard with the increasing use of clear
      corneal cataract surgery. Proper wound design can eliminate this risk. Patients
      without proper wound design should be cautioned to wear protective eyewear to
      avoid serious or blinding trauma.

PMID- 9951679
TI  - Combined surgery for severe eye trauma with extensive iridodialysis, posterior
      lens dislocation, and intractable glaucoma.
AB  - A 44-year-old woman sustained a severe left eye contusion from the explosion of a
      plastic bottle containing fermented orange juice. This resulted in extensive
      iridodialysis, posterior crystalline lens dislocation, and intractable glaucoma.
      Eleven days after the injury, combined surgery of trabeculectomy with mitomycin
      C, pars plana vitrectomy, lens removal, iridodialysis repair, and scleral-fixated
      intraocular lens implantation under general anesthesia was performed. Intraocular
      pressure (IOP) was under control until 5 weeks postoperatively; glaucoma implant
      surgery was then performed. At the last follow-up 15 months after the combined
      surgery, best corrected visual acuity was 20/50 and IOP was 15 mm Hg without
      medication. Combined surgery can be considered a safe, effective option in the
      management of severe eye trauma in selected cases.

PMID- 9951680
TI  - Spontaneous dislocation into the vitreous of a poly(methyl methacrylate) disc
      lens 9 years after surgery.
AB  - A 76-year-old woman had sudden visual loss 9 years after an extracapsular
      cataract extraction with implantation of a poly(methyl methacrylate) disc
      intraocular lens (IOL) in the capsular bag. Slitlamp examination showed the disc
      IOL had luxated into the vitreous through a linear inferior opening in the
      capsular bag; the IOL lay on the retinal surface. A pars plana vitrectomy was
      performed. The vitreous cavity was filled with perfluorocarbon liquid, floating
      the IOL to behind the iris. The IOL was removed through a limbal incision, then
      another type of IOL was implanted in the ciliary sulcus using transscleral
      fixation. Thirty days after surgery, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was
      20/20. At 2 months, total retinal detachment appeared with a large superior
      retinal dialysis. Another pars plana vitrectomy was performed and the scleral
      fixated IOL removed through a limbal incision. Internal gas tamponade was used.
      The eye was left aphakic. Final BCVA was 20/25.

PMID- 9951681
TI  - Capsular bag distension after optic capture of a sulcus-fixated intraocular lens.
AB  - Capsular bag distension from occlusion of the circular anterior capsule opening
      by the intraocular lens (IOL) optic is a rare complication of capsulorhexis. The
      nature and source of fluid remain unclear. We report a case of capsular bag
      distension in an eye with an optic-captured, all-poly(methyl methacrylate),
      sulcus-fixated IOL. The fluid behind the IOL optic was visible on the first
      postoperative day and resolved spontaneously by the sixth postoperative week. We
      believe that retained viscoelastic material in the capsular bag was a major
      contributor to the fluid.

PMID- 9951682
TI  - Oligoclonal T cells in human cancer.
AB  - Many solid tumors are characterised by the infiltration of lymphocytes and their
      presence has been correlated with a more favourable prognosis. These tumor
      infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), have been shown to possess specific cytolytic
      reactivity towards autologous tumours, thus suggesting that tumour cells may
      express antigens capable of eliciting an immune response. Expression of such
      tumour-associated antigens (TAA) in combination with appropriate accessory
      signals would lead to the in vivo accumulation of T cells with anti-tumour
      specificity. Analysis of the composition of the specific T-cell receptor (TCR) of
      TIL could thus provide information on the nature of the antigen(s) recognised by
      TIL. In this review, different aspects of the presence of clonal T cells in
      patients with cancer are discussed.

PMID- 9951683
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies in solid tumours: approaches to therapy with emphasis on
      gynaecological cancer.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies have progressed from the laboratory to the clinic. Although
      recognised in diagnosis there are still problems as far as their therapeutic use
      is concerned. This review looks at the history, principles of active specific
      immunotherapy, clinical experience with monoclonal antibodies in therapy of solid
      tumours, in particular the development of new bispecific monoclonal antibodies,
      and trials in ovarian, breast and colorectal cancer. Immunoconjugates, linked
      with radionuclides and cytotoxic drugs, indicate future developments. Conditions
      for successful therapy, especially with adjuvants in patients with small tumour
      residues, are also described.

PMID- 9951684
TI  - New p53-based anti-cancer therapeutic strategies.
AB  - The p53 gene is frequently mutated in human tumours and therefore an important
      target for therapeutic intervention. Several p53-based strategies for treatment
      of cancer are currently under development. p53 gene therapy has resulted in
      tumour regression in patients with lung cancer. A mutant adenovirus can
      obliterate tumour cells carrying mutant p53 or lacking p53, but is unable to
      replicate in normal cells. Furthermore, current studies suggest that reactivation
      of mutant p53 proteins in tumours using small p53-activating molecules may
      initiate p53-dependent apoptosis and thus eliminate the tumour.

PMID- 9951686
TI  - Apoptosis in B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
AB  - B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) is characterised by the progressive
      accumulation of monoclonal B cells, which may be the result of several factors
      leading to extended B-CLL cell lifespan, increased proliferative capacity and
      diminished cell death. Here we review the implications of several signals
      mediated by receptors, such as surface IgM, CD6 and CD40, for the B-CLL cell
      survival, together with data on gene modulation in relation to the apoptosis
      process in B-CLL cells. We also describe some features of the Fas/FasL system in
      B-CLL that hypothetically might contribute to the accumulation of leukaemic cells
      and the progression of the disease, by downregulating the apoptotic response or
      avoiding the autologous immune response.

PMID- 9951685
TI  - Glycosylated and non-glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte colony
      stimulating factor (rhG-CSF)--what is the difference?
AB  - Two forms of recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) are available for clinical use:
      filgrastim is expressed in E coli and non-glycosylated, whereas lenograstim is
      derived from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and glycosylated. The function of
      the sugar chain, accounting for approximately 4% of the molecular weight of
      lenograstim (and native G-CSF), is not known. Glycosylation of the G-CSF molecule
      does not prolong its circulation half life. Lenograstim is more active than
      filgrastim (and research-use deglycosylated G-CSF) on a weight-by-weight basis in
      in vitro colony-forming and cell line assays. An international potency standard
      assigns a specific activity of 100,000 IU/microgram to filgrastim and 127,760
      IU/microgram to lenograstim. Correspondingly, two randomised crossover studies in
      normal subjects, comparing mass equivalent doses of the two rhG-CSFs, have
      demonstrated a 25-30% higher concentration of blood stem cells (CD34+, CFU-GM)
      during lenograstim administration. No difference in side effects was observed.
      Results from a prospective, randomised, non-crossover trial in breast cancer
      patients suggest that bioequivalent doses of filgrastim and lenograstim have a
      similar effect on mobilisation of CD34+ cells and immature CD34+ cell subsets,
      respectively. Although comparisons outside the setting of stem cell mobilisation
      are lacking, the clinical relevance of the greater specific activity of
      lenograstim may thus be limited. The difference in potency between microgram
      identical doses of the two rhG-CSFs makes dosing in biological units (IU) rather
      than mass units (microgram) more appropriate.

PMID- 9951687
TI  - Breast cancer in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia.
AB  - In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), hospital and population based statistics
      have shown that breast cancer has the highest crude frequency rate among Saudi
      women. The scarcity of reports about the disease in the KSA has been the impetus
      to this analysis about breast cancer in the eastern province of KSA. Data on
      female patients with invasive breast carcinoma seen at King Fahd Hospital of the
      University in the eastern province of KSA, were retrospectively reviewed. The
      analysis intended to examine the pattern of the disease and the outcome for
      patients. Between 1985 and 1995, 292 patients were identified. Their median age
      +/- SD (standard deviation) was 42 +/- 10.5 years. Most patients were younger
      than 50 years (78%) and were predominantly premenopausals (79%). Only 25 (9%) of
      patients had stage I cancer, whilst 130 (44%), 90 (30%), and 47 (16%) had stage
      II, III, and IV, respectively. Among patients with known axillary nodal status
      (242 patients), only 37% were node-negative whilst 32% and 31% had 1-3, and > or
      = 4 positive nodes, respectively. Adjuvant chemotherapy and tamoxifen were
      commonly offered; nonetheless, other adjuvant modalities were rarely utilised.
      The median follow-up +/- SD of all patients was 62.3 +/- 8.9 months: 152 patients
      (52%) were alive with no evidence of disease, 25 (9%) were alive with evidence of
      disease, and 115 (39%) were dead from breast cancer or its related complications.
      The median survival of the entire group was not obtained, but the 10-year
      projected survival was 55%. For stage I and II patients, 118 (76%) were alive
      with a projected 10-year actuarial survival of 64%. On the other hand, only 51
      (57%) of patients with stage III disease were alive with a median survival of
      41.5 months (95% Confidence interval (CI), 18.9 to 51.3). Patients with stage IV
      disease demonstrated a poor outcome with a median survival of 23.5 (95%, CI 12.2
      to 31.4). Multivariate analyses were performed to explore the influence of
      independent variables on overall survival (OS) for patients with non-metastatic
      disease. Besides the expected adverse effect of disease progression, the
      favourable influence of adjuvant chemotherapy and tamoxifen prevailed. The amount
      of benefit gained from tamoxifen, however, was small. Similar analyses were
      undertaken to determine the influence of independent variables on progression
      free survival (PFS). These analyses ascertained the adverse effects of advanced
      stage and the favourable impact of adjuvant chemotherapy. Breast cancer in the
      KSA has features that are distinctive from those of industrialised countries.
      Survival data, however, were comparable. The favourable influence of adjuvant
      chemotherapy was evident on both OS and PFS. Adjuvant tamoxifen, however, had
      little effect. Due to its infrequent use, the role of other adjuvant modalities
      could not be asserted.

PMID- 9951688
TI  - Establishment of a monoclonal antibody to human myeloma cell: relation to
      chemotherapy and extramedullar infiltration.
AB  - Resistance of myeloma cells to melphalan (L-PAM) is a serious problem. To
      investigate mechanisms of drug resistance, we generated a monoclonal antibody,
      clone O3, to melphalan-resistant myeloma cells, KHM-11R. Western blot analysis
      showed that molecular weight of O3 antigen was approximately 90 kDa. Expression
      of O3 antigen was approximately two times higher in KHM-11R than in parental
      melphalan sensitive cell line, KHM-11. O3 was preferentially expressed in plasma
      cell, B-cell, and monocytic cell lines, but not in T-cell lines. Analysis of bone
      marrow samples from myeloma patients revealed that 13 of 23 samples expressed O3
      antigen at various levels, and that O3 antigen expression in patients correlate
      with preceding chemotherapy, advanced clinical stage and extramedullar invasion
      of myeloma cells. Furthermore, patients expressing O3 antigen at the time of
      diagnosis tended to have poor prognosis. The investigation of O3 antigen in
      myeloma cells will be useful to reveal the pathophysiology of extramedullar
      invasion and the mechanism of cell killing by melphalan.

PMID- 9951689
TI  - Complete sequence of p53 gene in 20 patients with lung cancer: comparison with
      chemosensitivity and immunohistochemistry.
AB  - In this study the entire p53 complementary DNA has been sequenced in 20 non-small
      cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) and the results correlated with chemosensitivity,
      immunohistochemistry and clinical data. Ten patients had mutations in p53, 8
      missense mutations and 2 nonsense mutations. The method discovered two mutations
      never described previously and two other mutations that have never been described
      before in connection with NSCLC tumours. Chemosensitivity data, according to a
      short-term assay (FMCA), indicated that tumours with p53 mutation were more
      resistant to cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. Immunohistochemical studied
      demonstrated a 70% concordance between over-expression of p53 protein and
      mutation in p53. No conclusions or trends could be drawn from the
      immunohistochemical studies of Bcl-2 and Bax.

PMID- 9951691
TI  - Outbreak of nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia in a high risk ward.
AB  - Acinetobacter baumannii is emerging as a major cause of nosocomial infections
      particularly in high risk patients. Being resistant to adverse environmental
      conditions, it can stay for prolonged periods in the hospital environment. We
      report an outbreak in the medical oncology ward where nine patients suspected of
      bacteraemia were blood culture positive for A. baumannii from the two samples
      each, one collected through the i.v. cannula and another through the peripheral
      veneous puncture. The bacteria was also isolated from the environmental sources
      from the various samples collected. The biotype, antibiogram, cellular protein
      profiles on SDS-PAGE and the restriction enzyme analysis patterns of the patient
      isolates and the environmental isolates were similar. This points to the
      environment as a source of infection. With reinforcement of proper barrier
      nursing and use of disposable heparine ampoules it was possible to control the
      outbreak.

PMID- 9951690
TI  - Photoprotective effects of some quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides in hairless mice.
AB  - 2-benzoyl-3-phenylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (BPQ) and other substituted quinoxaline
      1,4-dioxides (QdO) were tested for their ability to inhibit the stimulations of
      ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) enzyme activity and DNA synthesis, two biochemical
      markers linked to skin tumour promotion by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Topical
      application of BPQ on the dorsal skin of hairless mice was found to inhibit in a
      dose-dependent manner UVB-induced ODC activity and DNA synthesis. When applied 20
      min before UVB radiation, a dose of 17 mg BPQ applied in 0.4 ml of vehicle
      inhibited UVB-induced ODC activity and DNA synthesis by 95% and 85%,
      respectively. This inhibitory effect is dependent on the time of administration
      of BPQ relative to UVB radiation, with a generally greater inhibition observed
      when this compound is applied before rather than after UVB treatment. The
      inhibitory abilities of the other QdO on the ODC and DNA responses induced by UVB
      radiation greatly varied and appear to be dependent on the structure of the
      compounds and their metabolic activation in the skin following irradiation. The
      remarkable effectiveness of BPQ against the ODC and DNA markers of UVB promotion
      is also observed following multiple applications of this agent. These results
      suggest that QdO, in particular BPQ and certain derivatives of it, may be useful
      in protecting the skin against UVB-induced skin damage.

PMID- 9951692
TI  - Platelet dysfunction as the presenting feature of atypical myelodysplastic
      syndrome with monosomy 7, normal blood counts and no bleeding tendency.
AB  - A 71-year-old male patient with atypical myelodysplastic syndrome showing
      monosomy 7 is described. He presented with severe foot pains, trophic skin and
      nail changes, loss of distal pulses, all compatible with peripheral arterial
      occlusive disease. He had completely normal blood counts and no bleeding
      tendency. Prolonged bleeding time was disclosed by chance, during routine
      haemostatic studies. An acquired platelet dysfunction was considered, with
      prolonged bleeding time and large platelets that failed to aggregate in response
      to arachidonic acid and that had impaired response to collagen and adrenaline.
      The bone marrow was hypercellular, with numerous dysplastic megakaryocytes and
      two other slightly dysplastic myeloid lines. Cytogenetic analyses of the bone
      marrow cells showed a mosaic karyotype: 46,XY/45,XY,-7. On angiography, bilateral
      thrombosis of the iliac, superficial femoral and popliteal was disclosed. The
      patient was prepared with platelet transfusions. Arterial thrombectomy and
      amputation of the left calf were performed. Ten months later, his blood counts
      showed mild pancytopenia. He died at home. The authors discuss some clinical and
      pathogenetical aspects of such presentations of myelodysplastic syndromes.

PMID- 9951693
TI  - Combined radiation and chemotherapy in posttransplant lymphoproliferative
      disorder.
AB  - The optimal treatment for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder which has
      progressed despite a reduction in immunosuppression has not been defined. We
      report on two patients with stage I posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder
      who developed progressive disease despite a reduction in the level of
      immunosuppression. Both patients were treated with combined short course CHOP
      (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy
      followed by involved-field radiation therapy. In both patients, a rapid response
      was obtained followed by complete remission. Combined modality therapy can be
      utilized successfully in progressive limited stage posttransplant
      lymphoproliferative disorder.

PMID- 9951695
TI  - Non-secretory solitary plasmacytoma of the spleen.
AB  - A case of primary nonsecretory plasmacytoma of the spleen is reported. On
      laparotomy and splenectomy a 920 g spleen was removed, measuring 16 x 14 x 6 cm.
      The cut surface of the entire spleen showed that the tumour occupied most of the
      splenic tissue. A bone marrow aspirate and trephine, skeletal survey showed no
      signs of myeloma. Biopsy of the liver and regional lymph nodes was normal.
      Immunocytochemistry of the splenic tumour showed positivity for pan-B and plasma
      cell markers. After splenectomy the patient was treated with chemotherapy
      according to protocol VBCMP (M2).

PMID- 9951694
TI  - Metastasis of bronchogenic carcinoma to the thumb.
AB  - Bone metastasis in the hand is rare. The etiology is quite different from that of
      metastasis to other bones; bronchogenic carcinoma is by far the most frequent
      case. Distal phalanges are mainly involved with irregular osteolysis and cortical
      destruction. Differential diagnosis of phalangeal metastasis includes
      osteomyelitis, rheumatoid arthritis and gout. The prognosis is always that of
      metastatic bronchial cancer with an average survival of three months. Treatment
      may involve distal digital amputation or antalgic radiotherapy. A case of
      bronchogenic carcinoma with metastasis to the thumb is presented. The metastasis
      was located in the distal phalanx of the left thumb. The primary tumor was
      located in the lung. Treatment consisted of amputation. The overall survival was
      five months.

PMID- 9951696
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with primary large cell carcinoma of the
      lung.
AB  - The association between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and malignancy has
      been controversial in the literature. We report a case of lung cancer in a 50
      year-old woman with a 4-year history of SLE. She underwent surgery at a
      pathological stage of T2N2M0, but she eventually died of rapid recurrence of the
      cancer in the abdomen resulting in massive haemorrhage from the inferior vena
      cava (IVC). Immunological disorders related to SLE are thought to contribute to
      rapid progression of the malignancy.

PMID- 9951697
TI  - Metastatic small cell lung cancer causing biliary obstruction.
AB  - We report a case with metastatic small cell lung cancer which first manifested
      with biliary obstruction due to metastasis. Prognosis of patients presenting with
      jaundice due to hepatic parenchyma involvement is thought to be poor. However,
      the patient was successfully treated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary
      drainage and combination chemotherapy with reduced dosage. We believe this to be
      the first such case report, despite the frequency of metastasis to the liver from
      small cell lung cancer.

PMID- 9951698
TI  - High-level expression of murine terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in
      Escherichia coli grown at low temperature and overexpressing argU tRNA.
AB  - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is a highly conserved vertebrate
      enzyme that possesses the unique ability to catalyze the random addition of
      deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphates onto the 3'-hydroxyl group of a single-stranded
      DNA. It plays an important role in the generation of immunoglobin and T-cell
      receptor diversity. TdT is usually obtained from animal thymus gland or produced
      in a baculovirus system, but both procedures are rather tedious, and proteolysis
      occurs during purification. Attempts to overexpress TdT in bacteria have been
      unsuccessful or have yielded an enzyme with a lower specific activity. A dearth
      of TdT has thus hampered detailed structural and functional studies. In the
      present study, we report that by lowering growth temperature and overexpressing a
      rare arginyl tRNA, it is possible to boost the production in Escherichia coli of
      murine TdT with minimal proteolysis and high specific activity.

PMID- 9951699
TI  - Energy dissipation as a key factor for electroporation of protoplasts.
AB  - Energy dissipation (epsilon) during electroporation was theoretically determined
      to be epsilon = 0.5CV02 for the various combinations of capacitance (C) and
      initial voltage (V0). Experiments on asparagus protoplasts established that
      electroporation efficiency (EE) and survival rate were directly proportional to
      energy dissipation during electroporation. A positive linear relationship exists
      between energy dissipation per unit volume and EE, whereas energy dissipation per
      unit volume and survival rate of protoplasts are related in a negative linear
      manner. At the same energy level, longer time constants were more effective at
      increasing EE. This suggests that energy dissipation approximating rectangular
      waveforms is more important than that dissipated as sharply decaying exponential
      waveforms. With energy as the key parameter, the optimization of electrical
      parameters for efficient electroporation is greatly simplified, is not machine
      dependent, and generally applies to all species.

PMID- 9951700
TI  - Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the thermostable beta-galactosidase gene from
      Pyrococcus woesei in Escherichia coli and some properties of the isolated enzyme.
AB  - Pyrococcus woesei (DSM 3773) beta-galactosidase gene amplified by polymerase
      chain reaction was cloned into KpnI and HindIII binding sites of pET-30LIC
      expression plasmid. The obtained pGal2 (6785 bp) transcription vector was then
      transferred to Escherichia coli B121 (DE3) cells. High identity (99.9%) of DNA
      sequences suggests that beta-galactosidases from P. woesei and Pyrococcus
      furiosus are closely related. This enzyme from E. coli transformant is a unique
      thermostable protein in the cells and can be successfully separated by thermal
      precipitation of other bacterial proteins at 85 degrees C. The crude beta
      galactosidase remaining in the solution comprises about 21% of the total amount
      of proteins extracted from E. coli cells and has maximal activity at pH 5.4 and
      temperature of 93 degrees C. Isolated enzyme is active at temperatures up to 110
      degrees C and the activity loss after 4 h of incubation at 85 and 93 degrees C
      did not exceed 11 and 15% of the initial value respectively.

PMID- 9951701
TI  - Gene digging. A method for obtaining species-specific sequence based on conserved
      segments of nucleotides in open reading frames.
AB  - A method termed "gene digging" has been developed based on our observation of
      stretches of highly conserved nucleotide sequence in the coding region of many
      genes across related species. Rabbit-specific nucleotide sequences corresponding
      to desired coding segments of 14 different genes were obtained with primers that
      were designed based on conserved nucleotide stretches. Our success in gene
      digging could be attributable to the method's inherent ability to reduce the
      degeneracy of primers by more than two orders of magnitude (sometimes by more
      than three orders of magnitude) compared to primers designed from conserved amino
      acids. Our results not only demonstrate the value of the method, but also hint at
      a thus far unknown functional significance of conserved nucleotide stretches in
      the coding region of various genes. In our hands the method worked 14 out of 14
      times indicating generality of the concept.

PMID- 9951702
TI  - Two-step cycle sequencing reduces premature terminations when using primers with
      high annealing temperatures.
AB  - Direct cycle sequencing of double-stranded polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
      products using thermostable polymerases produces fragments that are shorter than
      expected when the enzyme prematurely detaches as it approaches the 5'-end of the
      DNA template. These premature terminations result in a substantially reduced
      reading length of the DNA sequence. Since some DNA templates spontaneously fold
      and form stable secondary structures at temperatures that are typically used for
      primer annealing, one factor that may cause premature terminations to occur is
      the formation of secondary structures in the template during the annealing step
      of the cycle sequencing reaction. We describe a simple and effective method for
      reducing premature terminations in DNA sequences. We demonstrate that maintaining
      the annealing temperature of the cycle sequencing reaction above a critical
      temperature reduces premature terminations in DNA sequences that regularly
      contain premature terminations when the temperature of the annealing step is 60
      degrees C. In the method described, annealing and extension of the primer along
      the template take place at the same temperature (72 degrees C). This procedure
      for reducing premature terminations can be applied when sequencing with primers
      that are relatively long (at least 27 mer) and have high optimal annealing
      temperatures.

PMID- 9951704
TI  - ELISA-based assay for scatchard analysis of ligand-receptor interactions.
AB  - A simple, nonradioactive method is presented that can be used for performing
      large numbers of binding assays of cell membrane receptors with their ligands.
      The method adopts the simple membrane preparation and biotin-based quantitation
      methods of the semi-intact cell endocytosis assays. After binding of the
      biotinylated ligand to its receptors on the semi-intact cell membranes, a rapid
      centrifugation step separates the membranes from unbound ligand. Bound ligand is
      subsequently released by detergent, captured by a specific antibody coated on teh
      surface of microwells, and quantitated with peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin in
      a colorimetric assay. Using this assay, Scatchard analysis was performed on the
      data for the specific binding of iron-loaded transferrin to its receptors on
      mouse fibroblasts and yielded Kd values similar to those obtained with other
      published methods. The assay is sensitive, rapid, and also convenient, because
      aliquots of semi-intact cells can be stored frozen. The perforated plasma
      membrane of the cells offers the additional possibility of screening factors that
      interact with the cytoplasmic domain of the receptors for their possible effects
      on the parameters of the extracellular ligand-receptor interaction.

PMID- 9951705
TI  - Picolinyl esters for the structural determination of fatty acids by GC/MS.
AB  - The position of unsaturation, chain branching, and other structural features of
      fatty acids are not often apparent from the mass spectra of common derivatives
      such as methyl esters because of factors such as charge location at the carboxy
      termiunus and migration of double bonds. The spectra of picolinyl esters, on the
      other hand, contain fragment ions that provide this information. The esters are
      synthesized by reaction of the acids with thionyl chloride to form the acid
      chloride that is reacted with 3-pyridylcarbinol to give the ester. Under electron
      impact conditions in the mass spectrometer, an electron is removed from the
      nitrogen of the pyridine ring and a hydrogen atom is abstracted from the alkyl
      chain to this electron-deficient site. This process produces a radical site in
      the chain that initiates chain cleavage. Hydorgen atoms can be removed from any
      position of the chain with varying probability, depending on the chain structure.
      Thus, diagnostic ions are produced from each type of fatty acid whose masses and
      relative abundances reflect the structure of the alkyl chain and any
      substituents. Patterns of fragmentation for straight-chain, branched-chain,
      unsaturated and cyclic fatty acids are described together with those containing
      hydroxy-, epoxy-, keto-, and ether groups.

PMID- 9951703
TI  - Origins and development of peptide antibiotic research. From extracts to
      abstracts to contracts.
AB  - That cationic proteins might be factors on the antimicrobial defenses of
      mammalian hosts and are apparently associated with the cytoplasmic granules of
      phagocytic leukocytes first became evident on the late nineteenth century. It
      remained, however, for development of sophisticated microanalytic techniques in
      microbiology, cell biology and protein biochemistry to place these hypotheses in
      the realm of established theory. This article is a brief summary of significant
      steps in the development of this theory. It also attempts to outline the firmly
      established scope and significance of these developments both for the theory of
      immunity to infection in the different phyla and for the now global quest for new
      antibiotics.

PMID- 9951706
TI  - Differential display. A general protocol.
AB  - Characterization of regulated gene expression in eukaryotic cells is essential
      for studying cell growth and differentiation as well as for understanding the
      molecular mechanisms of diseases. Differential display was developed for such
      comparative studies by allowing a systematic and nonbiased screening for
      molecular differences at the level of mRNA expression between or among different
      cells or tissues. The essence of the method is to amplify messenger RNA 3'
      termini using a pair of anchored oligo-dT primer and a short primer with an
      arbitrary sequence. The amplified cDNAs labeled with radioisotope are then
      distributed on a denaturing polyacrylamide gel and visualized by autoradiography.
      Side-by-side comparison of mRNA species from two or more related samples allows
      identification of both up- and downregulation genes of interest. Some of the most
      recent improvements have been incorporated into this general protocol for
      differential display.

PMID- 9951707
TI  - Efficient identification of point mutations by automated DNA sequencing of
      artificial heterozygote samples.
AB  - DNA sequencing templates of individual point mutants of the lacI target gene were
      amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). By mixing the PCR fragments from
      two individual mutants in a defined ratio, samples of artificial heterozygous
      composition were prepared. These samples were then submitted to automated DNA
      sequencing. The simultaneous, visual comparison of the mixed mutant traces using
      a graphics program efficiently revealed all heterozygous positions. Based on the
      individual intensities of the heterozygous base signals the identified point
      mutations could be assigned to the corresponding mutants. This efficient approach
      doubles the sample throughput for both the sequencing reactions and the gel
      electrophoresis using an automated DNA sequencing system.

PMID- 9951708
TI  - pUCPCR1. A vector for direct cloning of PCR products in a double Xcm1 restriction
      site offering compatible single 3'-overhanging T residues.
AB  - The multiple cloning site of pUC19 was replaced by a multiple cloning site
      possessing a double Xcm1 restriction site. Digestion with XcmI gives a linear
      vector with a single 3'-overhanging T-residue at both ends. This provides the
      easiest way of creating a vector in which PCR fragments produced by Taq
      polymerase can be directly cloned without further modifications.

PMID- 9951709
TI  - Toward a model of neuropsychological activity.
AB  - The main purpose of this research was to establish the intercorrelations existing
      among different psychological and neuropsychological test scores in a normal and
      homogeneous population. A second purpose was to attempt further step in the
      component analysis of cognitive activity measured by means of neuropsychological
      tests. A comprehensive neuropsychological test battery was assembled and
      individually administered to a 300-subject sample, aged 17-25 year-old. All of
      them were right-handed male university students. The battery included some basic
      neuropsychological tests directed to assess language, calculation abilities,
      spatial cognition, praxic abilities, memory, perceptual abilities, and executive
      functions. In addition, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale was administered.
      Forty-one different scores were calculated. Correlations among the different test
      scores were analyzed. It was found that some of the tests presented a quite
      complex intecorrelation system, whereas other tests presented few or no
      significant correlations. Mathematical ability tests and orthography knowledge
      represented the best predictors of Full Scale IQ. A factor analysis with varimax
      rotation disclosed five factors (verbal, visuoperceptual, executive function,
      fine movements, and memory) accounting for 63.6% of the total variance.
      Implications of these results for a neuropsychological model about brain
      organization of cognition were analyzed.

PMID- 9951710
TI  - Methodological considerations in the neuropsychological study of central nervous
      system underarousal with a specific emphasis on coma.
AB  - Several obstacles exist that impede the scientific study of pathological
      underarousal (stupor and coma). For instance, there is a lack of a clear,
      rational, standardized taxonomy with which to describe the phenomenon. Moreover,
      there is considerable confusion of the construct of arousal with other
      neurobehavioral constructs. The field also suffers from a general lack of
      acceptably reliable and valid instruments, especially measures of long-term
      outcome. Additionally, current treatments for chronic pathological underarousal
      are frequently presumptive and applied haphazardly, and thus do little to
      elucidate the process of recovery. It is suggested that biomedical and
      neuropsychological approaches to the study and treatment of pathological
      underarousal are complementary and that it is useful to view pathological
      underarousal as a behavioral, as well as a medical, phenomenon.

PMID- 9951711
TI  - Neuropsychological evaluation of everyday memory.
AB  - The evaluation of everyday memory (EM) was reviewed and reconceptualized. EM has
      established new objectives of study and the development of new methods to reach
      these objectives. At the basic level, this approach has already produced
      important discoveries and the development of new principles about memory and
      functioning. At the clinical level, this new area of investigation has resulted
      in evaluating deficits of EM, which is defined as what daily life functions
      remain impaired after a deficit pathology has occurred. A type of evaluation has
      evolved that is oriented toward treatment and extremely useful in designing
      rehabilitation programs for individuals with alterations in memory.

PMID- 9951712
TI  - A mathematical analysis of the spread of HIV/AIDS in Japan.
AB  - The spread of HIV/AIDS in Japan was analysed using a mathematical model
      incorporating pair formations between adults and sexual contacts with commercial
      sex workers. The parameters involved in the model were carefully specified as
      realistically as possible to the actual situation in Japan. Plausible ranges were
      assigned to those parameters for which values are not known precisely. The model
      was used to simulate the effect of HIV infected commercial sex workers introduced
      into a population without HIV. It was shown that the model could generate
      different scenarios, an explosive infection or a temporal spread, according to
      different settings of the parameters. Then the condition for occasional
      introduction of HIV infected commercial sex workers to be able to cause an
      explosive spread of HIV infection was analysed. This condition was summarized in
      terms of the critical transmission probability so that we could easily evaluate
      the degree of the risk. For some unclear parameters, sensitivity to the critical
      transmission probability was calculated. We also calculated a plausible range of
      the critical transmission probability using the Latin hypercube sampling method
      where the parameters were distributed on the plausible ranges. According to the
      analyses of the model it is concluded that the actual situation of HIV spread in
      Japan should lie very near the critical point that determines whether the
      explosive HIV spread actually takes place. This also suggests that effective
      action taken immediately could be useful to prevent explosive HIV infection in
      Japan.

PMID- 9951713
TI  - Patient-ventilator interaction: a general model for nonpassive mechanical
      ventilation.
AB  - A general mathematical model for the dynamic behaviour of a single-compartment
      respiratory system in response to an arbitrary applied inspiratory airway
      pressure and arbitrary respiratory muscle activity is investigated. The model is
      used to compute explicit expressions for ventilation and pressure variables of
      clinical interest for clinician-selected and impedance-determined inputs. The
      outcome variables include tidal volume, end-expiratory pressure, minute
      ventilation, mean alveolar pressure, average pleural pressure, as well as the
      work performed by the ventilator and the respiratory muscles. It is also
      demonstrated that under suitable conditions, there is a flow reversal that can
      occur during inspiration.

PMID- 9951715
TI  - Stability analysis of the FitzHugh-Nagumo differential equations driven by
      impulses: applied to the electrical firing of magnocellular neurons.
AB  - A stability analysis is carried out for a mathematical model which describes the
      electrical firing of a single vasopressin neuron. The model used in a FitzHugh
      Nagumo-type system which is driven by impulses. The analysis is based on recent
      developments in the stability theory of impulsive differential equations.
      Conditions are derived under which the system of differential equations is stable
      at two of its equilibrium points. Biologically this bistability represents the
      cell alternating between periods of electrical activity and silence. The
      conditions for stability are specified in terms of the amplitude and frequency of
      the impulses perturbing the system. Both stochastic and deterministic impulses
      are considered.

PMID- 9951714
TI  - Surface aggregation patterns of LDL receptors near coated pits. I. The radially
      convective diffusion and generalized insertion mechanism.
AB  - In this paper we formulate a mathematical model for the receptor mediated
      endocytotic cycle under the influence of diffusion, radial convection, and
      generalized receptor reinsertion. The steady state radial concentration function
      of unbound receptors admits an explicit representation. This can be expressed as
      a functional of the insertion rate, the diffusion coefficient, and the flow
      strength. Using the referred functional we study the influence of the
      aforementioned mechanisms on the surface aggregation pattern of low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) receptors near coated pits. We perform that analysis on both a
      theoretical level and by means of simulated receptor aggregation patterns
      obtained by computer graphics techniques. We conclude that radially convective
      diffusion in combination with suitable characterizations of the insertion mode
      are consistent with reported cell surface aggregation patterns.

PMID- 9951716
TI  - Scaling of the limb long bones to body mass in terrestrial mammals.
AB  - Long-bone scaling has been analyzed in a large number of terrestrial mammals for
      which body masses were known. Earlier proposals that geometric or elastic
      similarity are suitable as explanations for long-bone scaling across a large size
      range are not supported. Differential scaling is present, and large mammals on
      average scale with lower regression slopes than small mammals. Large mammals tend
      to reduce bending stress during locomotion by having shorter limb bones than
      predicted rather than by having very thick diaphyses, as is usually assumed. The
      choice of regression model used to describe data samples in analyses of scaling
      becomes increasingly important as correlation coefficients decrease, and
      theoretical models supported by one analysis may not be supported when applying
      another statistical model to the same data. Differences in limb posture and
      locomotor performance have profound influence on the amount of stress set up in
      the appendicular bones during rigorous physical activity and make it unlikely
      that scaling of long bones across a large size range of terrestrial mammals can
      be satisfactorily explained by any one power function.

PMID- 9951717
TI  - Growth of tobacco in short-day conditions leads to high starch, low sugars,
      altered diurnal changes in the Nia transcript and low nitrate reductase activity,
      and inhibition of amino acid synthesis.
AB  - Diurnal changes in carbohydrates and nitrate reductase (NR) activity were
      compared in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum. L.cv. Gatersleben) plants growing in a
      long (18 h light/6 h dark) and a short (6 h light/18 h dark) day growth regime,
      or after short-term changes in the light regime. In long-day-grown plants, source
      leaves contained high levels of sugars throughout the light and dark periods. In
      short-day-grown plants, levels of sucrose and reducing sugars were very low at
      the end of the night and, although they rose during the light period, remained
      much lower than in long days and declined to very low levels again by the middle
      of the night. Starch accumulated more rapidly in short-day-than long-day-grown
      plants. Starch was completely remobilised during the night in short days, but not
      in long days. A single short day/long night cycle sufficed to stimulate starch
      accumulation during the following light period. In long-day-grown plants, the Nia
      transcript level was high at the end of the night, decreased during the day, and
      recovered gradually during the night. In short-day-grown plants, the Nia
      transcript level was relatively low at the end of the night, decreased to very
      low levels at the end of the light period, increased to a marked maximum in the
      middle of the night, and decreased during the last 5 h of the dark period. In
      long-day-grown plants, NR activity in source leaves rose by 2- to 3-fold in the
      first part of the light period and decreased in the second part of the light
      period. In short-day-grown plants, NR activity was low at the end of the night,
      and only increased slightly after illumination. Dark inactivation of source-leaf
      NR was partially reversed in long-day-grown plants, but not in short day-grown
      plants. In both growth regimes, mutants with one instead of four functional
      copies of the Nia gene had a 60% reduction in maximum NR activity in the source
      leaves, compared to wild-type plants. The diurnal changes in NR activity were
      almost completely suppressed in the mutants in long days, whereas the mutants
      showed similar or slightly larger diurnal changes than wild-type plants in short
      days. When short-day-grown plants were transferred to long-day conditions for 3
      d, NR activity and the diurnal changes in NR activity resembled those in long-day
      grown plants. Phloem export from source leaves of short-day-grown plants was
      partially inhibited by applying a cold-girdle for one light and dark cycle. The
      resulting increase in leaf sugar was accompanied by an marked increase in the Nia
      transcript level and a 2-fold increase in NR activity at the end of the dark
      period. When wild-type plants were subjected to a single short day/long night
      cycle of increasing severity, NR activity in source leaves at the end of the
      night decreased when the endogenous sugars declined below about 3 mumol hexose (g
      FW)-1. In sink leaves in short-day conditions, sugars were higher and the light
      induced rise in NR activity was much larger than in source leaves on the same
      plants. The source leaves of wild-type plants in short-day conditions contained
      very high levels of nitrate, very low levels of glutamine, low levels of total
      amino acids, and lower protein and chlorophyll, compared to long-day-grown
      plants. Plants grown in short days had relatively high levels of glutamate and
      aspartate, and extremely low levels of most of the minor amino acids in their
      source leaves at the end of the night. Illumination led to a decrease in
      glutamate and an increase in the minor amino acids. A single short day/long night
      cycle led to an increase in glutamate, and a large decrease in the minor acids at
      the end of the dark period, and reillumination led to a decrease in glutamate and
      an increase in the minor amino acids. It is proposed that sugar-mediated control
      of Nia expression and NR activity overrides regulation by nitrogenous compounds
      when sugars are in short supply, resulting in a severe inhibition of nitrate
      assimilation. It is also proposed that su

PMID- 9951718
TI  - A 56-kDa protein is a novel granule-bound starch synthase existing in the
      pericarps, aleurone layers, and embryos of immature seed in diploid wheat
      (Triticum monococcum L.).
AB  - A novel 56-kDa granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS; NDPglucose-starch
      glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.21) responsible for amylose synthesis was found in
      the pericarps, aleurone layers and embryos of immature diploid wheat (Triticum
      monococcum L.). The GBSS and other proteins bound to starch granules of various
      tissues of immature normal and waxy diploid wheat seeds were separated by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and their
      activities were examined. In the waxy mutant, the waxy protein (59.5 kDa, GBSSI)
      was absent, but amylose and GBSS activity were evident in all tissues except the
      endosperm. Of the proteins bound to starch granules, only the 56-kDa protein was
      associated with the presence of amylose and GBSS activities in the pericarps,
      aleurone layers and embryos. Mutations at the waxy locus did not affect the 56
      kDa protein in these tissues. Changes in the amount of 56-kDa protein during the
      course of seed development, and the distribution of the 56-kDa protein in each
      tissue of immature seeds were quite different from those of the waxy protein. On
      the other hand, the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 56-kDa protein had a 40
      50% similarity to GBSSI of some other plant species and was antigenically related
      to the waxy protein. These results strongly suggest that the 56-kDa protein in
      diploid wheat is a GBSSI class enzyme and, hence, an isoform of the waxy protein.
      The waxy protein and 56-kDa protein, however, are expressed in different seed
      tissues and at different stages of seed development.

PMID- 9951719
TI  - Cellular localization of a plant protein PSAM 1 in arbuscular mycorrhizas of
      Pisum sativum.
AB  - Psam 1 is a single-copy gene which is activated during early plant-fungal
      interaction in wild-type pea inoculated with Glomus mosseae and which codes for
      PSAM 1, a putative protein of 108 amino acids. A synthetic peptide was designed
      of 108 amino acids. A synthetic peptide was designed in an antigenic region of
      this protein to produce a polyclonal antibody against PSAM 1 and to investigate
      its cellular localization. Western blot analysis revealed that a polypeptide of
      about 14.5 kDa accumulated more in mycorrhizal than non-mycorrhizal pea roots.
      The PSAM 1 antigen was immunolocated in planta in arbuscule-containing cells of
      mycorrhizal roots and especially in the cytoplasm surrounding young arbuscules in
      cortical cells, which suggests that its accumulation is somehow related to the
      symbiotic state of these cells.

PMID- 9951720
TI  - The expression of the salt-responsive gene salT from rice is regulated by
      hormonal and developmental cues.
AB  - The expression pattern of the salT gene was analyzed in different cell types and
      organs of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in response to saline and hormonal treatments to
      obtain detailed information on the physiological cues controlling gene
      expression. Gel blot analysis of RNA and in-situ hybridization performed on
      seedlings grown for 10 ds in the presence of 1% NaCl revealed that salT was
      expressed mainly in the younger tissues of the plant. In contrast, 6-week-old
      plants exhibited maximal salT mRNA accumulation in sheaths of older leaves. In
      addition, salT was normally expressed in rapidly dividing suspension-cultured
      cells, but not in quiescent ones. Altogether, these results may indicate that
      salT expression in each region of the plant is dependent on the metabolic
      activity of the cells as well as on whether or not they are stressed. The effects
      of two growth regulators, abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid, were
      investigated in combination with the effects of NaCl. Gibberellic acid had a
      synergistic effect on the induction of the salT gene when combined with 0.5%
      NaCl, but did not induce salT on its own. At 10 microM, ABA induced salT both in
      the absence of NaCl and in its presence. Whereas 1 microM ABA acted additively
      with NaCl to induce gene expression, 5 microM ABA with NaCl was only as effective
      as NaCl alone. This may indicate that the two stimuli act independently and
      possibly through antagonistic signal transduction pathways.

PMID- 9951721
TI  - Isolation and molecular characterization of a new vegetative MADS-box gene from
      Solanum tuberosum L.
AB  - A cDNA clone, STMADS11, encoding a new MADS-box protein was isolated from Solanum
      tuberosum L. (potato). Expression of STMADS11 was found in all vegetative organs
      of the plant, but not in floral tissues. The expression was also detected in all
      developmental stages, from tuber sprouts to mature plants, reaching a maximum in
      well-developed organs. However, the level of STMADS11 mRNA was low in tissues
      such as resting tuber or sprouts developed in the cold, where the metabolic
      activity is reduced. "In situ" hybridizations performed on leaf and stem sections
      showed that the STMADS11 transcript is mainly associated with vascular bundles.
      Cladistic analysis arising from amino acid sequence comparison revealed that
      STMADS11 shows the highest similarity to STMADS16, another vegetative MADS-box
      gene from potato, and to the previously reported "orphan" genes AGL15 and AGL17
      from Arabidopsis thaliana. Possible implications of these data in relation to
      STMADS11 function are discussed.

PMID- 9951726
TI  - Expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana invertase gene family.
AB  - Cell-wall and vacuolar invertases (beta-D-fructofuranosidase, EC 3.2.1.26) from
      Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. are encoded by at least four genes, namely At
      beta fruct1, At beta fruct2, At beta fruct3 and At beta fruct4. Different A.
      thaliana organs from four developmental stages and under different environmental
      conditions were analyzed for invertase gene expression. Our results clearly show
      that both the cell-wall and vacuolar invertase genes are expressed in a
      development and organ-specific manner. No transcripts of the cell-wall invertase
      gene At beta fruct1 were found in the cotyledons; however, relatively high levels
      were detected in the leaves of mature plants. The expression of the second cell
      wall gene At beta fruct2 was found to be flower-specific, conversely no
      expression of At beta fruct1 was detected in flowers. The vacuolar gene At beta
      fruct3 shows a distinctly different regulation of expression from At beta fruct1.
      Northern and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed
      the presence of transcripts in the cotyledons and only low levels in leaves,
      roots and flower buds. The second vacuolar invertase gene, At beta fruct4, was
      found to be expressed in leaves of very young plants, but no transcripts were
      detected in the leaves of mature flowering plants. In order to investigate the
      respective roles of invertases and sucrose synthase, a comparative analysis of
      the expression of these genes was carried out. The present study shows that cell
      wall and vacuolar invertase genes are differentially regulated by environmental
      factors.

PMID- 9951728
TI  - Plant NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases are predominantly localized in the
      cytosol.
AB  - The isoenzyme patterns of NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH; EC 1.1.1.42)
      have been investigated in 15 species of higher plants using dietylaminoethyl ion
      exchange chromatography and immunological techniques. The obtained results
      unambiguously demonstrate that the cytosolic enzyme is the predominant form in
      leaf extracts of all the surveyed plant species. The chloroplastic isoenzyme,
      previously reported in pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaves (R.D. Chen et al., 1989,
      Planta 178; 157-163), is a minor form in ferns and dicotyledonous angiosperms and
      is undetectable in gymnosperms and monocotyledonous angiosperms. Comparison of
      immunological relatedness suggests that the proteins of cytosolic isoenzymes have
      been highly conserved in the course of plant evolution. The data support the
      previously proposed idea that the cytosol is the major site for alpha
      ketoglutarate production to be used for nitrogen assimilation.

PMID- 9951729
TI  - Clp protease complexes and their diversity in chloroplasts.
AB  - The Clp proteases represent a large, ancient ATP-dependent protease family which
      in higher plants is known to be located in chloroplasts. The soluble, presumably
      multisubunit, enzyme of the organelle stroma is of dual genetic origin. It
      consists of a nuclear-encoded, regulatory subunit ClpC, which is an ATPase, and a
      plastid-encoded proteolytic subunit ClpP, which is a serine protease. An
      additional, nuclear-encoded proteolytic subunit resembling ClpP has been recently
      reported from tomato (Schaller and Ryan, 1995 plant gene Register 95-00). We
      demonstrate that in both tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. and Arabidopsis
      thaliana, (L.) Heynh. the nuclear-encoded ClpP (nClpP) is made as a precursor
      molecule that can be imported into isolated intact chloroplasts of spinach
      (Spinacia oleracea L.) and processed in two or three steps, respectively, to the
      size of the authentic protein. Furthermore, both gel electrophoresis under non
      denaturing conditions and size-exclusion chromatography verified that the three
      proteins can form distinct heteromeric supramolecular complexes of approximately
      860, 1380 and 1700 kDa (probably also of 600 kDa) molecular mass. The size ranges
      of the former two are reminiscent of those of Clp complexes described from
      Escherichia coli. In addition, various complexes between 160 and 560 kDa are
      detectable with the individual components. Both the processing "intermediates"
      and the mature nClpP are found in assembled form.

PMID- 9951730
TI  - The expression of a symbiosis-regulated gene in eucalypt roots is regulated by
      auxins and hypaphorine, the tryptophan betaine of the ectomycorrhizal
      basidiomycete Pisolithus tinctorius.
AB  - A full-length cDNA coding for a symbiosis-regulated transcript, EgHypar, was
      isolated by differential screening from a Eucalyptus globulus bicostata-
      Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhiza. The sequence of this clone revealed a
      protein with an estimated molecular mass of 25.5 kDa that exhibited a high degree
      of homology (66%) with plant auxin-induced glutathione-S-transferases. Expression
      of the EgHypar gene in seedlings was confined largely in roots and it is
      drastically increased by ectomycorrhiza development. The concentration of EgHypar
      transcripts was similarly up-regulated in roots incubated in media supplemented
      with P. tinctorius cell-free extracts, indole-3-acetic acid, 2,4
      dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or hypaphorine (tryptophan betaine), the major indolic
      compound secreted by P. tinctorius. The latter fungal alkaloid concomitantly
      induced a decrease in root hair elongation in eucalypt seedlings. Up-regulation
      of EgHypar expression by auxins and fungal metabolites suggests that this
      symbiosis-regulated gene could be involved in the morphological changes taking
      place in plants roots upon symbiosis development. To our knowledge, these results
      provide the first molecular evidence that gene expression of the host plant is
      altered by molecules produced by the ectomycorrhizal mycobiont.

PMID- 9951731
TI  - A unique reaction in a common pathway: mechanism and function of chorismate
      synthase in the shikimate pathway.
AB  - Chorismate synthase, the seventh enzyme in the shikimate pathway, catalyzes the
      transformation of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate to chorismate which is the
      last common precursor in the biosynthesis of numerous aromatic compounds in
      bacteria, fungi and plants. The enzyme has an absolute requirement for reduced
      FMN as a cofactor, although the 1,4-anti elimination of phosphate and the
      C(6proR)-hydrogen does not involve a net redox change. The role of the reduced
      FMN in catalysis has long been elusive. However, recent detailed kinetic and
      bioorganic approaches have fundamentally advanced our understanding of the
      mechanism of action, suggesting an initial electron transfer from tightly bound
      reduced flavin to the substrate, a process which results in C-O bond cleavage.
      Studies on chorismate synthases from bacteria, fungi and plants revealed that in
      these organisms the reduced FMN cofactor is made available in different ways to
      chorismate synthase: chorismate synthases in fungi--in contrast to those in
      bacteria and plants--carry a second enzymatic activity which enables them to
      reduce FMN at the expense of NADPH. Yet, as shown by the analysis of the
      corresponding genes, all chorismate synthases are derived from a common ancestor.
      However, several issues revolving around the origin of reduced FMN, as well as
      the possible regulation of the enzyme activity by means of the availability of
      reduced FMN, remain poorly understood. This review summarizes recent developments
      in the biochemical and genetic arena and identifies future aims in this field.

PMID- 9951732
TI  - The MSG1 and AXR1 genes of Arabidopsis are likely to act independently in growth
      curvature responses of hypocotyls.
AB  - Growth-curvature responses of hypocotyls of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. were
      measured in double mutants between msg1 and axr1, both of which are auxin
      resistant and defective in hypocotyl growth curvature induced upon unilateral
      application of auxin. The msg1 axr1 double mutants showed no auxin-induced growth
      curvature, that is, they exhibited the msg1 phenotype, though the axr1 defects
      were partial. Hypocotyls of both the msg1 and axr1 mutants were partially
      defective in second-positive phototropism, whereas the double mutants lost the
      response completely. When grown on vertically held agar plates, the axr1 mutant
      showed normal hypocotyl gravitropism and the mutation did not affect the reduced
      hypocotyl gravitropism of msg1. Hypocotyls of msg1 and axr1 mutants grew upward
      like wild-type ones when grown along an agar surface, while they grew more
      randomly when grown without an agar support, suggesting that axr1 hypocotyls are
      not completely normal in gravitropism. The extent of defects in growth
      orientation increased in the order: msg1 axr1 double mutants > msg1 > axr1 > wild
      type. The hypocotyls of these mutants showed auxin resistance in the order: msg1
      axr1 > axr1 > msg1 > wild type. The msg1 mutant had epinastic leaves and axr1 had
      wrinkled leaves; leaves of the msg1 axr1 double mutants were epinastic and
      wrinkled. These results suggest that MSG1 and AXR1 act independently in separate
      pathways of the reactions tested in the present study. In contrast, the phenotype
      of the msg1 aux1 double mutants shows that AUX1 is not significantly involved in
      these phenomena.

PMID- 9951733
TI  - Pronounced differences between the native K+ channels and KAT1 and KST1 alpha
      subunit homomers of guard cells.
AB  - Stomatal opening is the result of K(+)-salt accumulation in guard cells.
      Potassium uptake in these motor cells is mediated by voltage-dependent, K(+)
      selective ion channels. Here we compare the invitro properties of two guard-cell
      K(+)-channel alpha-subunits from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (KAT1) and
      Solanum tuberosum L. (KST1) after heterologous expression with the respective
      K(+)-transport characteristics in their mother cell. The KAT1 and KST1 subunits
      when expressed in Xenopus oocytes shared the basic features of the K(+)-uptake
      channels in the corresponding guard cells, including voltage dependence and
      single-channel conductance. Besides these similarities, the electrophysiological
      comparison of K+ channels in the homologous and the heterologous expression
      systems revealed pronounced differences with respect to modulation and block by
      extracellular cations. In the presence of 1 mM Cs+, 50% of the guard-cell K(+)
      uptake channels (GCKClin) in A. thaliana and S. tuberosum, were inhibited upon
      hyperpolarization to -90 mV. For a similar effect on KAT1 and KST1 in oocytes,
      voltages as negative as -155 mV were required. In contrast, compared to the K+
      channels in vivo the functional alpha-subunit homomers almost lacked a voltage
      dependent block by extracellular Ca2+. Similar to the block by Cs+ and Ca2+, the
      acid activation of the alpha-homomers was less pronounced in oocytes. Upon
      acidification the voltage-dependence shifted by 82 and 90 mV for GCKCLin in A.
      thaliana and S. tuberosum, respectively, but only by 25 mV for KAT1 and KST1.
      From the differences in K(+)-channel modulation in vivo and after heterologous
      expression we conclude that the properties of functional guard-cell K(+)-uptake
      channels result either from the heterometric assembly of different alpha-subunits
      or evolve from cell-type specific posttranslational modification.

PMID- 9951734
TI  - No induction of beta-oxidation in leaves of Arabidopsis that over-produce lauric
      acid.
AB  - Leaves from transgenic Brassica napus L. plants engineered to produce lauric acid
      show increased levels of enzyme activities of the pathways associated with fatty
      acid catabolism (V.A. Eccleston and J.B. Ohlrogge, 1998, Plant Cell 10: 613-621).
      In order to determine if the increases in enzyme activity are mirrored by
      increases in the expression of genes encoding enzymes of beta-oxidation, which is
      the major pathway of fatty acid catabolism in plants, the medium-chain acyl-acyl
      carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase MCTE from California bay (Umbellularia
      california) was over-expressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus
      35S promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Arabidopsis was the most
      suitable choice for these studies since gene expression could be analyzed in a
      large number of independent MCTE-expressing lines using already well
      characterized beta-oxidation genes. Levels of MCTE transcripts in leaves varied
      widely over the population of plants analyzed. Furthermore, active MCTE was
      produced as determined by enzymatic analysis of leaf extracts of MCTE-expressing
      plants. These plants incorporated laurate into triacylglycerol of seeds, but not
      into lipids of leaves as shown by gaschromatographic analysis of total fatty acid
      extracts. The expression levels of the beta-oxidation and other genes that are
      highly expressed during developmental stages involving rapid fatty acid
      degradation were measured. No significant difference in gene expression was
      observed among MCTE-expressing plants and transgenic and non-transgenic controls.
      To eliminate the possibility that post-translational mechanisms are responsible
      for the observed increases in enzyme activity acyl-CoA oxidase activity was also
      measured in leaves of MCTE-expressing plants using medium and long chain acyl-CoA
      substrates. No significant increases in either medium- or long-chain acyl-CoA
      oxidase activities were detected. We conclude that endogenous beta-oxidation is
      sufficient to account for the complete degradation of laurate produced in rosette
      leaves of Arabidopsis expressing MCTE.

PMID- 9951735
TI  - Overexpression of rice phytochrome A partially complements phytochrome B
      deficiency in Arabidopsis.
AB  - The red/far-red reversible phytochromes play a central role in regulating the
      development of plants in relation to their light environment. Studies on the
      roles of different members of the phytochrome family have mainly focused on light
      labile, phytochrome A and light-stable, phytochrome B. Although these two
      phytochromes often regulate identical responses, they appear to have discrete
      photosensory functions. Thus, phytochrome A predominantly mediates responses to
      prolonged far-red light, as well as acting in a non-red/far-red-reversible manner
      in controlling responses to light pulses. In contrast, phytochrome B mediates
      responses to prolonged red light and acts photoreversibly under light-pulse
      conditions. However, it has been reported that rice (Oryza sativa L.) phytochrome
      A operates in a classical red/far-red reversible fashion following its expression
      in transgenic tobacco plants. Thus, it was of interest to determine whether
      transgenic rice phytochrome A could substitute for loss of phytochrome B in phyB
      mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. We have observed that ectopic
      expression of rice phytochrome A can correct the reduced sensitivity of phyB
      hypocotyls to red light and restore their response to end-of-day far-red
      treatments. The latter is widely regarded as a hallmark of phytochrome B action.
      However, although transgenic rice phytochrome A can correct other aspects of
      elongation growth in the phyB mutant it does not restore other responses to end
      of-day far-red treatments nor does it restore responses to low red:far-red ratio.
      Furthermore, transgenic rice phytochrome A does not correct the early-flowering
      phenotype of phyB seedlings.

PMID- 9951736
TI  - Salt stress in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. cell suspensions activates
      adaptive mechanisms similar to those observed in the whole plant.
AB  - A salt-tolerant stable cell-suspension culture from the halophyte
      Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. has been established from calli generated from
      leaves of 6-week-old well-watered plants. Optimal cell growth was observed in the
      presence of 200 mM NaCl, and within 7 d cells were able to concentrate Na+ to
      levels exceeding those in the growth medium. Accumulation of Na+ was paralled by
      increases in the compatible solute pinitol and myo-inositol methyl transferase
      (IMT), a key enzyme in pinitol biosynthesis. Increasing concentrations of NaCl
      stimulated the activities of tonoplast and plasma-membrane H(+)-ATPases.
      Immunodetection of the ATPases showed that the increased activity was not due to
      changes in protein amount that could be attributed to treatment conditions. A
      specific role for these mechanisms in salt-adaptation is supported by the
      inability of mannitol-induced water stress to elicit the same responses, and the
      absence of enzyme activity and protein expression associated with Crassulacean
      acid metabolism in the cells. Results demonstrate that these M. crystallinum cell
      suspensions show a halophytic growth response, comparable to that of the whole
      plant, and thus provide a valuable tool for studying signaling and biochemical
      pathways involved in salt recognition and response.

PMID- 9951737
TI  - Changes in the location of polyphenol oxidase in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
      tuber during cell death in response to impact injury: comparison with wound
      tissue.
AB  - In order to elucidate the nature of the response of potato to impact injury at
      the biochemical level, changes in the location of the enzyme responsible for the
      discoloration, polyphenol oxidase, were determined using immunogold location with
      an antibody specific for potato tuber polyphenol oxidase. Tissue printing
      revealed that the enzyme was distributed throughout the tuber. Following impact
      injury, both tissue printing and quantitative electron microscopy indicated that
      there was no increase in the level of the enzyme although there was subcellular
      redistribution of polyphenol oxidase. This redistribution was first apparent at
      12 h after impact, as determined by the use of confocal immunolocation, and
      coincided with loss of membrane integrity. These changes were examined in
      parallel with a number of stress-related parameters in both impact and wound
      responses. Wounding was accompanied by active gene expression and protein
      synthesis, leading to metabolic activity and tissue repair. In contrast, the
      bruising response was characterised by a limited active response and vital
      staining methods indicated that after 16 h the tissue undergoes cell death.

PMID- 9951739
TI  - [The "medicalization" of culture].

PMID- 9951738
TI  - Expression analysis of a high-affinity nitrate transporter isolated from
      Arabidopsis thaliana by differential display.
AB  - We used the differential display technique on total RNAs from roots of
      Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants which had or had not been induced for 2 h
      by nitrate. One isolated cDNA clone, designated Nrt2:1At, was found to code for a
      putative high-affinity nitrate transporter. Two genomic sequences homologous to
      Nrt2:1At were found to be localized on the same fragment of chromosome 1 in the
      Arabidopsis genome. Expression analyses of both low- and high-affinity nitrate
      transporter genes, respectively Nrt1:1At (previously named Chl1) and Nrt2:1At,
      were carried out on plants grown under different nitrogen regimes. In this paper,
      we show that both genes are induced by very low levels of nitrate (50 microM
      KNO3). However, stronger induction was observed with Nrt2:1At than with Nrt1:1At.
      Moreover, these two genes, although both over-expressed in a nitrate-reductase
      deficient mutant, were differently regulated when N-sufficient wild-type or
      mutant plants were transferred to an N-free medium. Indeed, the steady-state
      amounts of Nrt1:1At mRNA declined whereas the amount of Nrt2:1At mRNA increased,
      probably reflecting the de-repression of the high-affinity transport system
      during N-starvation.

PMID- 9951740
TI  - [Regulation of mitochondrial respiration by ADP, O2 and NO].

PMID- 9951741
TI  - [Spontaneous neurotransmitter release in neuromuscular synapsis. A few
      mechanisms].

PMID- 9951742
TI  - [Interrelation between the journal Medicina (Buenos Aires) and the Argentine
      Societies of Clinical Investigation and Immunology].

PMID- 9951743
TI  - Essential clinical epidemiology in clinical education.

PMID- 9951744
TI  - Use of autologous fibrin glue in dermatologic surgery: application of skin graft
      and second intention healing.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency of biological sealant, an autologous fibrin
      glue, in dermatological surgery. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. SETTING: The
      Dermatology Service of Hospital das Clinicas, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP),
      referral center. PATIENTS: 14 patients with malign epithelial cutaneous tumors
      participated in the evaluation, each having two tumors, generally facial and
      symmetrical, in order to perform a comparative evaluation on the same individual.
      PROCEDURES: The glue was prepared beforehand with a sample of autologous blood.
      Surgical extirpation of the tumor was followed by grafts or second intention
      healing. OUTCOMES: The efficiency of the sealant was then evaluated in relation
      to hemostasis, adhesion, surgical time and evolution of the granulation tissue,
      clinically and histologically. RESULTS: Immediate hemostasis and graft adhesion,
      with a significant reduction of surgical time, and in the open wounds there was
      immediate hemostasis and a clinical increase in granulation tissue, but with no
      histological differences among the groups on the 7th day. CONCLUSION: It is an
      adjuvant resource in skin cancer surgery.

PMID- 9951746
TI  - Anticardiolipin antibody in recurrent spontaneous aborting and fertile women.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between the presence of anticardiolipin
      antibody and a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical
      controlled study. LOCATION: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics-University of
      Campinas (UNICAMP). SUBJECTS: 52 individuals with recurrent spontaneous abortion
      were included in Group 1 and 104 individuals with at least one live born child in
      Group 2. Elapsed time from last delivery to blood sampling varied from six months
      to two years. METHOD: Between November 1993 and November 1994, patients' blood
      samples were screened for anticardiolipin antibody by ELISA, as described by
      Triplett, Barna and Unger (1993). ANALYSIS: Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests
      were used for statistical analysis. Student's "t" test was used to compare the
      means. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in the presence of the
      anticardiolipin antibody between Group 1 (zero and 2.9%) and Group 2 (7.7 and
      5.8%). CONCLUSION: There was no association between the presence of
      anticardiolipin antibody and recurrent spontaneous abortion.

PMID- 9951745
TI  - In vivo metabolism of alpha-tocopherol in lipoproteins and liver: studies on
      rabbits in response to acute cholesterol loading.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the transport of alpha-tocopherol in lipoproteins of
      rabbits under normal diet and under acute loading of cholesterol. DESIGN: Two New
      Zealand White rabbits were fed 14C-alpha-tocopherol acetate in a single oral dose
      and the recovery of radiolabel in lipoproteins and plasma was monitored. Low
      density lipoprotein (LDL) from these animals was obtained and labeled with [3H]
      cholesteryl ester. Three other rabbits were injected with this double-labeled LDL
      in the native form; while three other animals received this LDL in the acetylated
      form. RESULTS: Plasma clearance, liver uptake and levels of radiolabel in high
      density lipoprotein (HDL) of animals injected with 14C[3H]acetyl LDL were
      significantly higher than those in animals injected with 14C[3H]native LDL.
      Larger particles of HDL, rich in apolipoprotein E (apoE) carried significantly
      higher levels of both labels in rabbits injected with acetylated LDL. CONCLUSION:
      These results provide evidence for in vivo mechanisms of "reverse alpha
      tocopherol transport", analogous to "reverse cholesterol transport".

PMID- 9951747
TI  - Overweight and obesity among mothers of malnourished children--Brazil--PNSN-
      1989.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the nutritional status of the
      youngest child under 48 months of age (in families with the biological mother
      present) and their mothers among 3906 children selected from a sample of a
      national survey in 1989 (PNSN). RESULTS: Malnutrition was present in 5.8% of the
      children. From these, 21.8%, 60.9% and 17.3% had overweight/obese, eutrophic and
      malnourished mothers, respectively. Stratified analyses taking into account the
      regions, situation, income distribution and mother's educational level
      demonstrated that a lower proportion of malnourished children was concurrent with
      a higher proportion of overweight/obese mothers. The Kappa test evidenced a poor
      agreement between the nutritional conditions of the child-mother pairs (K < =
      0.048). CONCLUSIONS: When the proportion of malnourished children decreased
      within the analyzed groups, the proportion of overweight/obese mothers increased.
      Such an epidemiological pattern indicates that within groups in which
      malnutrition is less prevalent, the proportion of children for whom a lack of
      food in the household is the main determinant factor for malnutrition is lower.

PMID- 9951748
TI  - Seasonal variation of blood pressure in maintenance hemodialysis.
AB  - CONTEXT: Seasonal variation in arterial blood pressure has been reported in
      studies with hypertensive and normotensive subjects. However, the influence of
      seasonal change on blood pressure of hemodialysis patients has not been reported.
      OBJECTIVE: To investigate the seasonal variation of blood pressure in Brazil, a
      tropical country, in patients on hemodialysis. DESIGN: Prospective, cohort study.
      SETTING: Dialysis unit of a tertiary medical center (a teaching hospital of the
      University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo). PATIENTS: Sixteen
      patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. OUTCOMES: Blood
      pressure, body weight, and ambient temperature were evaluated during 6
      hemodialysis sessions carried out on 13 days during the four seasons. RESULTS:
      The diastolic blood pressure was lower in summer than in fall and winter (95 +/-
      8 vs 107 +/- 10 and 101 +/- 10 mmHg, respectively; p < 0.05). The same was
      observed with mean blood pressure (116 +/- 8 vs 130 +/- 11 and 124 +/- 9 mmHg,
      respectively; p < 0.01). On the other hand, the ambient temperature was higher in
      summer than in fall and winter (23.0 +/- 1.6 vs 19.5 +/- 3.0 and 15.8 +/- 1.9
      degrees C, respectively; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that for patients
      with chronic renal failure the blood pressure has a seasonal variation with
      higher pressures in fall and winter than in summer. Thus, further studies are
      needed to elucidate the impact of this observation on the adjustment of
      antihypertensive treatment and on morbidity and mortality in maintenance dialysis
      patients.

PMID- 9951749
TI  - Primary melanoma of the uterine cervix figo stage III B.
AB  - The primary malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix is rare, usually diagnosed
      at an advanced stage and with poor prognosis. The diagnosis is made through
      histological evaluation and confirmed by special staining procedures. Radical
      surgery has been used and advocated. However in its advanced stages chemotherapy,
      immunotherapy or radiotherapy can be employed. A case of a patient with malignant
      melanoma of the uterine cervix, Stage IIIb, is presented in addition to a
      clinical and pathological discussion.

PMID- 9951750
TI  - Large intestine obstruction complicated with perforation: a rare manifestation of
      Schistosoma mansoni infection.
AB  - The authors report a case of a 25 year old Brazilian man with a history of crampy
      abdominal pain in the left iliac fossa for 2 weeks, abdominal distention, mucous
      diarrhea and anorexia. The patient presented signs of hemodynamic instability and
      a hard mass palpated in the left iliac fossa presented peritoneal irritation. At
      laparotomy, fecal peritonitis and a punched-out perforation of the midsigmoid
      colon were found. A left hemicolectomy was performed with terminal colostomy.
      Specimen examination revealed a thickened rectosigmoid wall, narrow lumen and
      multiple mucosal polyps. Microscopically, chronic granulomatous colitis with
      Schistosoma mansoni eggs confirmed the etiology. To the authors' knowledge, this
      is the first case of obstruction complicated with perforation due to mansoni
      schistosomiasis reported in the literature.

PMID- 9951751
TI  - Problem-based learning: application and possibilities in Brazil.
AB  - The Ministry of Health launched the Family Health Program (FHP) with the aim of
      establishing comprehensive primary care for families and communities. The Public
      Health School of Ceara has been applying problem-based learning as the
      instructional method for the training of the family health teams. The importance
      of this method and the possibility of applying it in the implementation of a new
      and effective approach to the continuing education of Brazilian health
      professionals are emphasized.

PMID- 9951752
TI  - Immunolocalization of MP84 in renal biopsy sections of sickle cell nephropathy
      patients.

PMID- 9951753
TI  - Methodological aspects of prognostic factor studies: some caveats.

PMID- 9951754
TI  - Good common sense--quaint superstition.

PMID- 9951755
TI  - Validation of routine incidence reporting of one anaesthesia provider institution
      within a nation-wide quality of process assessment program.
AB  - In 1992, a long-term project was launched by the German Society for
      Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine to render quality comparisons between
      anaesthesia providers. As one of the first volunteer centres, we established the
      standardised reporting of perioperative anaesthesia related incidents, events,
      and complications (IEC) in any routine anaesthetic procedure performed. This
      present study is aimed to explore the longitudinal stability of IEC recordings in
      one institution, which should be a prerequisite for valid external comparisons.
      Methods. The analyses were completed on an adult population of 49945 consecutive
      anaesthetic procedures with peripheral surgery from July 1992 until December
      1996. Attribute quality control charts with monthly samples of an average of 954
      anaesthetics were used to assess statistical variability of specific IEC
      incidences. Results. Average proportions were 20% for moderate IEC, 2.7% for
      severe IEC, 13% for moderate cardio-vascular IEC, 1.3% for severe cardio-vascular
      IEC, and 2.4% for respiratory IEC. Moderate IEC proportions showed considerable
      variability during the study period. A series of excess proportions was probably
      due to educational activities on documentation discipline. In contrast,
      clinically severe IEC proportions were rather stable. Stability of cardio
      vascular IEC proportions resembled the picture of the overall IEC assessment.
      Monthly respiratory IEC proportions showed smallest variability during the study
      period. Discussion. Use of the quality control statistics is suitable to
      distinguish random from systematic influence on quality indicators. IEC
      recordings that are not specific in pathophysiologic type or are of low grade of
      clinical severity, are heavily dependent on systematic documentation features. We
      assume that peak values, such as in times of optimised documentation discipline,
      better reflect reality than average values because missing reporting is much more
      likely than false positives.

PMID- 9951756
TI  - Influence of pulse oximetry and capnography on time to diagnosis of critical
      incidents in anesthesia: a pilot study using a full-scale patient simulator.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Many studies (outcome, epidemiological) have tested the hypothesis
      that pulse oximetry and capnography affect the outcome of anesthetic care.
      Uncontrollable variables in clinical studies make it difficult to generate
      statistically conclusive data. In the present study, we eliminated the
      variability among patients and operative procedures by using a full-scale patient
      simulator. We tested the hypothesis that pulse oximetry and capnography shorten
      the time to diagnosis of critical incidents. METHODS: A simulator was programmed
      to represent a patient undergoing medullary nailing of a fractured femur under
      general anesthesia and suffering either malignant hyperthermia, a pneumothorax, a
      pulmonary embolism or an anoxic oxygen supply. One hundred thirteen
      anesthesiologists were randomly assigned to one of two groups of equal size, one
      with access to pulse oximetry and capnography data and the other without. Each
      anesthesiologist was further randomized to one of the four critical incidents.
      Each anesthetic procedure was videotaped. The time to correct diagnosis was
      measured and analyzed. RESULTS: Based on analysis of 91 of the subjects, time to
      diagnosis was significantly shorter (median of 432 s vs. >480 s) for the anoxic
      oxygen supply scenario (p = 0.019) with pulse oximetry and capnography than
      without. No statistical difference in time to diagnosis was obtained between
      groups for the other three critical incidents. CONCLUSIONS: Simulation may offer
      new approaches to the study of monitoring technology. However, the limitations of
      current simulators and the resources required to perform simulator-based research
      are impediments to wide-spread use of this tool.

PMID- 9951758
TI  - Hydraulic analog for simultaneous representation of pharmacokinetics and
      pharmacodynamics: application to vecuronium.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To facilitate teaching the pharmacologic determinants of clinically
      observed drug effect, we expand on the hydraulic representation of the
      pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous drugs. INTRODUCTION: There
      are two significant barriers to understanding the pharmacological determinants
      underlying clinically observed drug responses. The first obstacle is the
      mathematical nature of traditional descriptions of these phenomena; the second
      barrier to understanding is that most educational texts focus solely on
      pharmacokinetics. However, pharmacokinetics alone do not explain the action at
      the effect site. The scientific and educational literature has used analogs of
      pharmacokinetic phenomena to make the concepts more intuitive. This manuscript
      extends the use of a hydraulic analog to include the effect site, allowing a
      simultaneous representation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. METHODS: In
      the described hydraulic analog, fluid delivered into a central reservoir is
      representative of drug infusion, and the heights of the fluid columns in the
      central and peripheral reservoirs are representative of the drug concentrations
      in the corresponding pharmacologic compartments. The height of the fluid column
      in an 'effect reservoir' is representative of the apparent effect site
      concentration in a simultaneous pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model. A non
      linear scale on the effect reservoir represents the relationship between the
      effect site concentration and the clinical effect. Reservoir surface areas are
      equivalent to volumes of distribution and hydraulic resistances are inversely
      proportional to drug clearances. The proof of mathematical equivalency of the
      presented analog to simultaneous pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models is given
      in an appendix. ILLUSTRATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL APPLICATION: The effect window
      can represent monitored twitch response following the administration of a
      neuromuscular blocking agent. Using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parameter
      values for vecuronium, we demonstrate how the hydraulic analog can be used to
      explain the priming principle and the clinically observed time-course disparity
      of two effect sites: the larynx and the adductor pollicis. (A companion web site:
      http://www.anest.ufl.edu/ha.html presents an interactive animation of the
      described analog.)

PMID- 9951757
TI  - Normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass increases heparin requirements necessary to
      maintain anticoagulation.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: With the practice of warm cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at our
      institution we have observed an apparent increase in heparin requirements. CPB
      temperature predictability affects pharmacokinetics and differences in drug
      metabolism can be expected. We hypothesized that heparin requirements would
      increase with increasing CPB temperature. METHODS: Following Institutional Review
      Board approval, we reviewed the charts of 354 patients undergoing primary
      coronary artery bypass graft surgery. We recorded patient demographic data, CPB
      duration, heparin requirements, and temperature during CPB. CPB was conducted
      between 24 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The Spearman's correlation coefficient,
      Pearson chi-square, and rank-sum tests were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Core
      temperature during CPB correlated with heparin requirements (r = 0.13, p < 0.02).
      However, CPB duration was shorter in warm patients than in cold patients (r = 
      0.455, p < 0.0001). Additional heparin requirements adjusted for duration of CPB
      (units/minute) were also significantly greater in the warm group (p = 0.018).
      CONCLUSIONS: Maintenance of adequate heparin anticoagulation during CPB is
      clinically important. Warm CPB patients required more heparin per minute than
      those undergoing cold CPB. More frequent assessment of anticoagulation and
      administration of additional heparin should be considered in patients undergoing
      warm CPB.

PMID- 9951759
TI  - Evaluation in volunteers of the VIA V-ABG automated bedside blood gas, chemistry,
      and hematocrit monitor.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the VIA V-ABG (VIA Medical Corp.) point-of-care blood gas
      and chemistry monitor in healthy human volunteers, with particular emphasis on
      the measurement of blood gases. METHODS: Experimental conditions were varied by
      intermittently subjecting volunteers to either isocapnic hypercapnia (end-tidal
      (ET), PETCO2 = 50+/-2 mmHg, ETPO2 = 130+/-5 mmHg) or isocapnic hypoxia (PETCO2 =
      42+/-2, PETO2 + 45+/-2 mmHg) in addition to room air breathing. Measurements by
      the VIA V-ABG device were compared with paired samples and measurements performed
      by two ABL Radiometers (505 and 500). Analysis of results includes bias and
      precision plots and comparison of results with minimal performance criteria as
      established by CLIA. RESULTS: Nineteen volunteers yielded 222 matched samples.
      The range of values were 7.32-7.61 for pH, 20.9-51.6 mmHg for PCO2, 27.9-184.5
      mmHg for PO2, 134-141 mmol/l for Na, 3.1-4.1 mmol/l for K, and 30.0-50.4% for
      hematocrit. Bias and precision (+/-2 sd) for pH was 0.01 and 0.04, for PCO2 was
      0.4 and 4.8, for PO2 was 1.0 and 17.0, for Na was -0.3 and 5.2, for K was 0.1 and
      0.2, and for Hct was 2.0 and 5.4. CONCLUSIONS: Over the range of blood gas values
      assessed, blood gas measurements by the VIA V-ABG device were clinically
      acceptable and met minimal performance criteria utilizing current Medicare CLIA
      proficiency standards. Performance criteria were also met by the VIA V-ABG device
      for Na, K, and Hct measurements but the range of values was too narrow to allow
      characterization of clinical acceptability. The VIA V-ABG device appears to
      perform well compared with the results which have been published for other point
      of-care devices. Comparison between different studies investigating point-of-care
      devices is difficult due to several factors (range of values measured, comparison
      device, population studied, etc.). Some of these instruments, including the VIA V
      ABG device, may serve quite well as point-of-care devices to perform certain
      tests at the bedside. Whether or not any of these devices can substitute for
      traditional laboratory blood gas and chemistry measurements remains an issue that
      is not adequately studied.

PMID- 9951760
TI  - Sampling intervals to record severe hypotensive and hypoxic episodes in
      anesthetised patients.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To define the longest sampling interval which will faithfully record
      the time course of episodes of severe hypotension and hypoxia in anesthetised
      patients. METHODS: Electronic anesthetic records of 1501 patients were analyzed
      retrospectively for hypotension where measured systolic blood pressure fell to 60
      mmHg or less, and for hypoxia where SpO2 fell to 80% or less. The onset and
      offset times, maximum rate of change and spectral content were calculated for
      each episode. RESULTS: These episodes commonly were rapid in onset and offset.
      The longest sampling interval to accurately represent these data was calculated
      to be 36 s for invasive blood pressure and 13 s for pulse oximetry. CONCLUSIONS:
      Our current anesthetic record is inadequate to record many of the severe changes
      that we observed. One minute recording intervals, such as used in many electronic
      record keeping systems, are too slow to capture the rapid rates of change seen,
      and may lead to the assumption that an episode was not recognized promptly or
      that treatment was not administered in a timely manner.

PMID- 9951761
TI  - Sensitivity of near infrared spectroscopy to cerebral and extra-cerebral
      oxygenation changes is determined by emitter-detector separation.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of two emitter-detector separations (2.7 and 5.5
      cm) on the detection of changes in cerebral and extra-cerebral tissue oxygenation
      using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). METHODS: Two NIR detectors were placed
      on the scalp 2.7 and 5.5 cm from a single NIR emitter. Changes in
      deoxyhaemoglobin (HHb), oxyhaemoglobin (O2Hb),oxidised cytochrome C oxidase (Cyt)
      and total haemoglobin (tHb) were recorded from each detector during the induction
      of cerebral oligaemia (transition from hypercapnia to hypocapnia) and scalp
      hyperaemia (following release of a scalp tourniquet). RESULTS: Cerebral oligaemia
      (mean decrease in middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity of 44%) induced by a
      mean reduction in end tidal CO2 of 18 mmHg was accompanied by a significant
      increase in the spectroscopic signal for HHb and a decrease in the O2Hb signal.
      The signal change per unit photon path length detected at 5.5 cm was
      significantly greater for HHb (p = 0.007) than that detected at 2.7 cm. In
      contrast, the increase in all chromophores detected at 5.5 cm during scalp
      hyperaemia was significantly less than that detected at 2.7 cm (p<0.001).
      CONCLUSIONS: The differing sensitivity of the proximal and distal channels to
      changes in cerebral and extracerebral oxygenation is compatible with theoretical
      models of NIR light transmission in the adult head and may provide a basis for
      spatially resolving these changes. The optimal emitter-detector separation for
      adult NIRS requires further investigation and may differ between individuals.

PMID- 9951762
TI  - Artifact mistaken for electrical interference recorded from a pulmonary artery
      catheter.
AB  - Artifactual signals superimposed on the electrocardiogram have been well
      documented [1-5]. These signals can originate from infusion pumps [1, 2],
      occlusion heads from cardiopulmonary bypass machines [3,4], and dialysis
      apparatus [5]. Artifacts on a pulmonary artery tracing, such as those produced by
      "catheter whip," are well described [6], and rarely if ever confuse the
      clinician. Extraneous electrical signals are of major concern because they pose a
      hazard to susceptible patients. We report a case in which the blood pressure
      tracing from the pulmonary artery revealed an artifact that looked at first
      glance like 60 cycle alternating current (AC) electrical interference. The
      investigation as to its origin revealed important lessons in the analysis of
      human error.

PMID- 9951763
TI  - Pro: is pulse oximetry still worthwhile?

PMID- 9951764
TI  - Con: is pulse oximetry still worthwhile?

PMID- 9951765
TI  - Effect of ketamine on bispectral index and levels of sedation.

PMID- 9951767
TI  - Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the entire breast with spectral-selective
      inversion fast three dimensional sequence.
AB  - Dynamic contrast-enhanced images with high spatial and temporal resolutions were
      acquired with a fast 3D spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) sequence using spectral
      selective inversion recovery (IR) pulse. Five healthy volunteers and 12 patients
      with 14 pathologically proven breast lesions were studied. Fat suppressed volume
      image data covering the entire breast were obtained with a sufficient spatial
      resolution (0.9 x 1.5 x 3.0 mm3) and an imaging time of 57 s. By using the
      criteria including peripheral enhancement and presence of spiculation,
      sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in detecting malignant lesions were 88.9,
      80.0 and 85.7%, respectively. Although the C/N and S/N ratios were approximately
      30% less than those of the conventional fat suppressed 3D technique, fast 3D SPGR
      imaging with spectral IR method demonstrated sufficient image quality for both
      time intensity analysis and morphological evaluation of the breast lesions with a
      data acquisition time less than half of the conventional method. This technique
      can substantially improve spatial and temporal resolutions of dynamic MR images
      of the breast and will be useful in evaluating malignant and benign breast
      lesions.

PMID- 9951766
TI  - In vivo 300 MHz longitudinally detected ESR-CT imaging in the head of a rat
      treated with a nitroxide radical.
AB  - In vivo longitudinally detected ESR (LODESR)-CT system operating at 300 MHz was
      developed, based on the combination of a bridged loop-gap resonator and a pair of
      saddle-type pickup coils (STPCs). The sensitivity distribution of the STPCs was
      simulated on the basis of a magnetic dipole model. A LODESR-CT image of a phantom
      (a physiological saline solution of a nitroxide radical) was satisfactorily
      corrected by using the simulation result. LODESR-CT images of the head of a rats,
      in which nitroxide radical was injected intraperitonally, were also obtained
      through the correction in the same manner. This is the first in vivo CT (i.e.
      three-dimensional imaging) study with a 300 MHz ESR.

PMID- 9951768
TI  - Detection of colorectal liver metastases: prospective comparison of unenhanced
      and ferumoxides-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T, dual-phase spiral
      CT, and spiral CT during arterial portography.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of unenhanced and
      ferumoxides-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with that of dual-phase spiral CT
      and spiral CT during arterial portography (CTAP) for the detection of colorectal
      liver metastases. Fourteen patients with liver metastases candidates for partial
      hepatectomy were examined with dual-phase spiral CT, unenhanced and ferumoxides
      enhanced MR imaging at 1.5 T, and spiral CTAP. Imaging tests were read blinded,
      prospectively, quantitating number of lesions excepting CTAP which used US to
      exclude cysts. Subsequent intraoperative US and pathologic findings were
      correlated with preoperative imaging results. At surgery, 36 lesions 0.5-13 cm in
      diameter (mean+/-standard deviation, 2.9+/-2.1 cm) were identified. Dual-phase
      spiral CT depicted 21/36 (58%); precontrast MR imaging, 19/36 (53%); ferumoxides
      enhanced MR imaging, 30/36 (83%); and spiral CTAP, 34/36 (94%) lesions.
      Ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging was significantly more sensitive than spiral CT
      and unenhanced MR imaging (P < 0.01). The difference in sensitivity between
      ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging and spiral CTAP was not statistically significant
      (P> 0.1). Spiral CTAP, however, depicted nine false-positive lesions (2
      hemangiomas, 7 perfusion defects). The positive predictive value was 79% for
      spiral CTAP and 100% for combined pre- and postcontrast MR imaging. We conclude
      that ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging is superior to unenhanced MR imaging and
      biphasic spiral CT for depiction of colorectal liver metastases. Further
      investigation is needed to clarify whether MR imaging with use of ferumoxides
      might replace spiral CTAP for preoperative evaluation of liver resection
      candidates.

PMID- 9951769
TI  - Influence of pulse angle variations on stimulated echo acquisition mode proton
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of AB spin systems: theory and experiments
      with citrate.
AB  - The influence of pulse angle variations in the localization sequence stimulated
      echo acquisition mode (STEAM) on the signal of strongly coupled AB spin systems
      has been examined. Experimental 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of
      citrate were recorded on a 1.5 T whole-body imager. Theoretically calculated
      spectra were generated, with good correlation to experimental results. The
      dependence of the signal intensity on sequence timing and pulse angles was
      calculated analytically. For longer sequence timings, the ratio of the signal
      intensity from citrate to the signal intensity from uncoupled nuclei depends
      strongly on the applied flip angles. The shape of spectra also changes with
      varying flip angles. These effects are clearly less pronounced for STEAM than for
      point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS). The results have to be considered for
      quantitative measurements of citrate in spectroscopic investigations as, e.g. of
      prostate neoplasms.

PMID- 9951771
TI  - A method of RF inhomogeneity correction in MR imaging.
AB  - A direct postprocessing method for correcting RF inhomogeneity in MR imaging is
      proposed. First, two images with different flip-angles of theta and 2theta are
      obtained. Next, the spatial distribution maps of the sensitivity of the surface
      coil and the B1 field intensity are produced by employing those images. Finally,
      the correction of the MR image is achieved, dividing the original image by
      distribution maps of the coil sensitivity and the B1 field intensity. The method
      was applied to images obtained by a gradient echo sequence and the corrected
      image is presented.

PMID- 9951772
TI  - Carbon-centered radicals as oxygen sensors for in vivo electron paramagnetic
      resonance: screening for an optimal probe among commercially available charcoals.
AB  - It is known that some charcoals possess paramagnetic centers with an electron
      paramagnetic resonance (EPR) linewidth which can be broadened by oxygen. In order
      to identify potential candidates as sensors for in vivo EPR oximetry, we carried
      out a systematic study among commercially available charcoals. A total of 34
      charcoals were tested. The steps used for the screening were: (1) to check the
      presence of paramagnetic centers in the material; (2) to measure the EPR
      linewidth in nitrogen and in air on the dry material and on a aqueous suspension
      of particles; (3) to calibrate the oxygen sensitive materials (EPR linewidth vs.
      pO2); (4) to test the sensitivity and stability of the response to changes of pO2
      in a simple model of hypoxia induced in mice. Seventeen charcoals contained
      paramagnetic centers detectable by low-frequency EPR (1.1 GHz). The EPR spectrum
      consist of one single line which is typical of carbon-centered radicals (g-factor
      approximately 2). Eight charcoals presented sufficient interesting EPR properties
      (linewidth in nitrogen < 0.1 mT, linewidth in air for an aqueous suspension of
      particles > 0.15 mT) to be further characterized in vivo. Only three charcoals
      presented a stable, reproducible, and sensitive response to pO2 for more than 2
      months. These three coals should be considered as good candidates to be used as
      oxygen sensor using in vivo EPR spectroscopy.

PMID- 9951770
TI  - 1H MR spectroscopy in patients with mesial temporal epilepsy.
AB  - The study provides a review of the basic examination procedures and results of
      proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in patients suffering from mesial
      temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). The source of seizures in MTLE is most often an
      epileptogenic focus secondary to hippocampal sclerosis. 1H MRS currently plays an
      important role in the non-invasive diagnosis of this type of epileptogenic
      lesion. The decisive 1H MRS parameter characterizing an epileptogenic lesion is a
      statistically significantly decreased value of N-acetylaspartate levels compared
      with control values, most often associated with a decrease in the ratios of the
      intensities of NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho and NAA/(Cr + Cho) signals. Moreover, MRS makes it
      possible to distinguish bilateral involvement of mesial temporal structures
      typically associated with a bilateral decrease in the levels of metabolites
      and/or their ratios. As regards other metabolic compounds which play an important
      role in the pathobiochemistry of epilepsy, MRS is employed to study the action of
      gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), inositol, lactate, glutamine, and glutamate, the
      clinical function of which has not been fully clarified as yet. It is in this
      context that one should consider the application of 1H MRS in evaluating the
      action of some new anti-epileptic agents affecting excitatory and inhibitory
      amino acids. There is no doubt that in vivo 1H MRS, along with other imaging
      methods, has made a significant contribution to the clinical and biochemical
      description of epileptic seizures and has assumed a prominent position among the
      techniques of pre-operative examination in epileptic surgery.

PMID- 9951773
TI  - Additive effect of voluntary exercise and growth hormone treatment on bone
      strength assessed at four different skeletal sites in an aged rat model.
AB  - The aim of the study was to assess the effect of growth hormone (GH), voluntary
      exercise (Ex), and the combination of GH and Ex on bone strength, mass, and
      dimensions in aged, intact female rats. In addition, the effect of food
      restriction (FR) was studied. Fourteen-month-old virgin F-344 rats were divided
      into 6 groups with 13 animals in each: (1) baseline (BSL); (2) control + solvent
      vehicle (CTRL); (3) GH 2.5 mg/kg/day (GH); (4) exercise, voluntary: 0.6-0.7
      km/day (Ex); (5) GH treatment and voluntary exercise (GH + Ex); and (6) FR. Group
      1 was killed at the beginning of the study and served as baseline. All the other
      groups were killed after 18 weeks' treatment. The effects of aging and treatment
      regimes were measured at four different skeletal sites: lumbar vertebrae, femoral
      cortical bone, femoral neck, and the distal femoral metaphysis. Aging in itself
      induced a decline in vertebral body strength and ash density. At the appendicular
      skeletal sites, bone mass and strength were unchanged or increased. Treatment
      with GH alone induced a significant increase in the biomechanical parameters at
      the vertebral body and the femoral diaphysis, but not at the femoral neck or the
      distal femoral metaphysis. Voluntary exercise on its own increased load values
      significantly over CTRL at the vertebral body site, but not at any of the
      appendicular skeletal sites. The combination of GH and voluntary exercise
      resulted in an additive effect at the vertebral site and at the femoral
      diaphysis, and a synergistic (potentiating) effect at the two femoral metaphyses.
      FR, on the other hand, had a negative effect on cortical bone area and strength
      at the femoral diaphysis, but no significant effect on the other sites tested. We
      conclude that GH treatment and voluntary exercise both have skeletal anabolic
      effects; however, these effects are exerted to differing degrees at different
      sites. Importantly, when dosed together, GH and Ex have either an additive or
      synergistic anabolic effect on all sites (axial and appendicular).

PMID- 9951774
TI  - Recombinant growth hormone accelerates bone regenerate consolidation in
      distraction osteogenesis.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to prove whether homologous GH has a
      stimulating effect on bone healing. Therefore, left tibiae of 30 micropigs were
      osteomized and distracted over an external fixator at the rate of 2 mm/day on
      each of 10 consecutive days. Animals were killed after a healing period of
      another 10 days. The treatment group received 100 microg of recombinant porcine
      growth hormone (rpGH) per kilogram of body weight per day. Serial torsional
      nondestructive biomechanical tests were performed in vivo using a newly developed
      measurement device. After killing, destructive torsional strength testing of the
      sites of distraction was performed. To determine the endocrine response to the
      administration of rpGH, serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were
      determined. Nondestructive in vivo testing showed that torsional stiffness of the
      regenerate was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control
      group. Final regenerate torsional failure load was 131% higher and ultimate
      torsional stiffness was 231% higher in the treatment group than in the control
      group. The mean serum level of IGF-I increased to 440% of preoperative basal
      level in the treatment group and remained unchanged in the control group. Our
      data indicate that systemic administration of recombinant homologous growth
      hormone greatly accelerates ossification of bone regenerate in distraction
      osteogenesis.

PMID- 9951775
TI  - Enhanced osteoblast development after continuous infusion of hPTH(1-84) in the
      rat.
AB  - Rats and humans respond to intermittent treatment with parathyroid hormone (PTH)
      with increased bone density and cancellous bone volume. In the rat, osteoblast
      expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is elevated by intermittent
      PTH. We examined the effect of continuous infusion of rhPTH(1-84), a bone
      catabolic regime, on the IGF system in rat pelvis. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (12
      weeks, 250 g) were randomly assigned to receive 0, 0.1, 1, or 5 microg/100 g body
      weight (b.w.) rhPTH(1-84) (0, 0.106, 1.06, or 5.305 nmol/kg) in vehicle (1%
      normal rat serum in saline) delivered by subcutaneous Alzet minipump. After 7
      days, blood was taken for serum chemistry and pelvises were processed for
      immunocytochemistry. Sections of pelvis from rats continuously infused with 0.1
      or 1 microg/100 g b.w. rhPTH(1-84) for 7 days did not differ significantly from
      those of the vehicle-treated controls. However, continuous infusion of 5
      microg/100 g b.w. rhPTH(1-84) resulted in a dramatic increase in cellular
      development, with trabeculae surrounded by many layers of large, plump
      osteoblasts. All pelvis osteoblasts expressed osteocalcin, but only those from
      rats that received 0, 0.1, or 1 microg/100 g b.w. rhPTH(1-84) showed positive
      staining for IGF-I. The extra-abundant osteoblasts from rats that received 5
      microg/100 g b.w. rhPTH(1-84) did not stain for IGF-I. However, although all
      osteoblasts stained positively for IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs)-3, -4, and -5,
      staining for these IGFBPs increased as the dose of rhPTH(1-84) (and osteoblast
      number) increased. These results suggest that continuous infusion of PTH has a
      direct effect on osteoblast development (either recruitment or proliferation),
      decreases the expression of IGF-I, and enhances the expression of IGFBPs in
      pelvis, factors which may interact to bring about negative bone balance.

PMID- 9951776
TI  - Parathyroid hormone stimulates cancellous bone formation at skeletal sites
      regardless of marrow composition in ovariectomized rats.
AB  - The purpose of the current report is to compare the skeletal effects of PTH
      treatment at red (hematopoietic) and yellow (fatty) marrow sites in
      ovariectomized (ovx) rats. In the first study, mature, slowly growing ovx rats
      that were 4 months of age and 4 weeks postovariectomy were treated with human
      parathyroid hormone [hPTH(1-34)] (80 microg/kg, 5 days/week) for 6 weeks. In the
      second study, aged ovx rats that were 15 months of age and 1 year postovariectomy
      were treated with PTH according to the same regimen for 10 weeks. The proximal
      tibial metaphysis (PTM) and first lumbar vertebra (LV), bone sites with red
      marrow, as well as the distal tibial metaphysis (DTM) and fifth caudal vertebra
      (CV), bone sites with yellow marrow, were processed undecalcified for
      quantitative bone histomorphometry. At the end of the first study in mature ovx
      rats, estrogen depletion induced a 73% loss of cancellous bone in the PTM and a
      15% loss in the LV. In contrast, not even a trend for cancellous bone loss was
      observed in the DTM and CV of vehicle-treated ovx rats. PTH treatment of ovx rats
      increased cancellous bone volume by 191% in the PTM, 56% in the DTM, 47% in the
      LV, and 22% in the CV, compared with vehicle treatment of ovx rats. In addition,
      the hormone markedly increased cancellous bone formation by 177% in the PTM, 679%
      in the DTM, 309% in the LV, and 833% in the CV. Aged ovx rats (second study)
      exhibited moderate cancellous osteopenia in the LV but not the CV. PTH treatment
      increased cancellous bone volume by 67% and 37% and bone formation rate by 635%
      and 359% in the LV and CV, respectively, compared with vehicle treatment of ovx
      rats. Although the magnitude of the anabolic response to PTH may vary somewhat
      within the skeleton, the results indicate that PTH augments cancellous bone mass
      and markedly stimulates bone formation at skeletal sites, regardless of marrow
      composition.

PMID- 9951777
TI  - Use of peripheral quantitative computed tomography for densitometry of the
      femoral neck and spine in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).
AB  - Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) allows for the separate densitometric
      examination of cortical and cancellous bone in vivo. With the new peripheral QCT
      (pQCT) instrument (the Norland/Stratec XCT-3000A), we evaluated the clinically
      relevant axial sites of spine and femoral neck in nonhuman primates in vivo. The
      reproducibility was good (coefficient of variation [CV] <3% at both sites for
      cortical, trabecular, and total bone mineral density [BMD]; CV 3%-7% for bone
      mineral content [BMC] and cross-sectional bone area). One hundred sixty intact
      female cynomolgus monkeys (M. fascicularis) were scanned at the femoral neck.
      There was less variability among monkeys in cortical BMD (mean 802 mg/mL, CV 6%)
      as opposed to trabecular BMD (mean 334 mg/mL, CV 28%) or transition zone BMD
      (mean 457 mg/mL, CV 12%). Scans were performed on lumbar vertebrae (L-4, L-5, and
      L-6) from five monkeys in vivo and ex vivo. Removal of soft tissue increased
      measured BMD. Decreasing voxel size from 0.4 mm to 0.2 mm increased measured BMD
      by diminishing the partial volume effect. Factor analysis demonstrated the
      expected relationships between pQCT parameters and physical measurement of bone
      mass and volume ex vivo. Preliminary results in eight ovariectomized and eight
      reproductively intact monkeys revealed a lower transition zone BMD at the femoral
      neck, and lower total BMD of the vertebral body in estrogen-deficient animals.

PMID- 9951778
TI  - Calcified cartilage morphometry and its relation to subchondral bone remodeling
      in equine arthrosis.
AB  - The calcified layer of articular cartilage is known to be affected by age and
      mechanical factors that may play a role in the development of arthrosis. Because
      these factors are also related to subchondral remodeling and sclerosis, a
      morphometric study was carried out in fluorochrome-labeled animals to determine
      whether the level of subchondral remodeling affected the thickness of the
      calcified cartilage layer and its irregularity and vascularity at the interface
      with subchondral bone. These parameters were also studied at a site of increased
      mechanical stress. The area and thickness of the calcified cartilage layer was
      determined in basic fuchsin-stained ground sections (120 microm). The
      irregularity of the chondro-osseous interface was expressed as the ratio of its
      length to that of the relatively straight tidemark (Int/Tid) and the number of
      abutting vessels with and without fluochrome labels were counted
      (N.Ves/Tid,%L.Ves/Tid). These were compared with single-labeled surface (sLS/BS,
      %) in subchondral bone, which was used as an index of remodeling. In a group of
      12 horses, in which one carpus had an osteochondral fragment surgically created
      10 weeks earlier, there was activation of subchondral remodeling in the third
      carpal bone opposite the fragment. An increase in %L.Ves/Tid (p < 0.01) at the
      interface was correlated with the increase in %sLS/BS in subchondral bone
      (r=0.431, p=0.035). The number of abutting vessels and the interface irregularity
      were not significantly changed on the fragmented side. In the metacarpal condyles
      from the fetlock joints of the same horses there were no differences associated
      with the surgically created fragment in the carpus and no correlation of
      %L.Ves/Tid with subchondral %sLS/BS. At a site where mechanical overload and
      traumatic osteochondrosis is known to occur on the palmar surface, the calcified
      cartilage was thinner, and the interface irregularity tended to be greater. These
      findings indicate that activated subchondral remodeling extends to involve the
      calcified layer, but the thickness and irregularity of the calcified cartilage
      are not consistently related to current subchondral remodeling. At sites of
      mechanical overload the calcified cartilage was thinner and the interface tended
      to be more irregular, suggesting previous increased remodeling.

PMID- 9951779
TI  - Connectivity and the elastic properties of cancellous bone.
AB  - This study addresses the possible significance of trabecular connectivity for the
      mechanical quality of cancellous bone. A total of 141 cubic trabecular bone
      specimens collected from autopsy material from 56 individuals without any known
      bone or metastatic diseases were used. Age variation was in the range of 14-91
      years and a wide range of trabecular architecture was found. Each specimen was
      three-dimensionally reconstructed with a voxel size of either 20 or 25 microm.
      Using the detailed three-dimensional reconstructions as input for microstructural
      finite-element models, the complete elastic properties of the trabecular
      architecture were obtained and maximum and mean stiffness could be calculated.
      Volume fraction and true three-dimensional architectural measurements of
      connectivity density and surface density were determined. Connectivity density
      was determined in an unbiased manner by the Euler number, which is a topological
      property. Using multiple regression analysis it was found that volume fraction
      explained by far the greatest part (84%-94%) of the variation in both mean and
      maximum stiffness. When connectivity density and surface density were included,
      the correlations increased marginally to 89%-95%. Noticeably negative regression
      coefficients were found for connectivity density. The results suggest that, in
      normal cancellous bone, the connectivity density has very limited value for
      assessment of elastic properties by morphological variables, but if a relation
      exists then stiffness decreases with increasing connectivity.

PMID- 9951780
TI  - Does estrogen stimulate osteoblast function in postmenopausal women?
AB  - How estrogen therapy influences bone metabolism in postmenopausal women has
      previously been studied using several approaches, including bone densitometry,
      measurement of biochemical markers of bone turnover, and histomorphometry. Taken
      together, these investigations suggest that conventional doses of estrogen
      protect from bone loss predominantly through suppression of bone resorption, with
      little evidence to suggest that a stimulatory action on osteoblasts is also
      involved. In contrast, studies of patients treated with estradiol implants
      suggest that, following prolonged exposure to relatively high estrogen levels, an
      additional stimulatory effect on osteoblast function is observed. The suggestion
      that estrogen stimulates osteoblast activity in postmenopausal women under
      certain circumstances is consistent with other evidence that estrogen is an
      important physiological regulator of osteoblast activity. Furthermore, these
      findings raise the possibility that it may be useful to develop strategies for
      treating postmenopausal osteoporosis that aim to reproduce the stimulatory action
      of relatively high estrogen levels on bone formation in postmenopausal women.

PMID- 9951781
TI  - Intramuscular clodronate therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
AB  - Long-term daily administration of oral bisphosphonates has been effective in the
      treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, but the duration, mode and cost of the
      therapy may sometimes affect patient compliance. In Italy, the bisphosphonate
      clodronate is also available via the intramuscular (i.m.) route of
      administration, and the present study was performed to test its efficacy in
      postmenopausal osteoporosis. Ninety osteoporotic postmenopausal women were
      enrolled in a randomized, controlled 3 year study. The diet of all patients was
      adjusted to provide 1200-1300 mg of calcium daily, eventually by administration
      of supplements. Patients were randomly assigned to no therapy (30 patients) or to
      receive clodronate 100 mg i.m. either every 2 weeks (30 patients) or 1 week (30
      patients). The i.m. injection caused substantial pain at the site of injection,
      which led to treatment withdrawal in almost 50% of the patients receiving weekly
      dosing. In control patients, a progressive, slow decline in spine and femoral
      bone mineral density (BMD), which became statistically significant at the end of
      the second year of observation, was observed. In the patients given weekly i.m.
      clodronate, spinal BMD rose by 3.8% (+/-7.3 SD) within 6 months. A slight,
      nonsignificant increase was observed thereafter, such that, at the completion of
      3 years of observation, the mean gain was 4.5% (+/-6.3). In the patients treated
      with injections of 100 mg of clodronate every two weeks the increase in BMD was
      somewhat lower and slower, becoming significant only at month 24 (2.9+/-4.6%). In
      none of the two active groups was the femoral neck BMD changed significantly
      during the 3 years of the study. A significant increase in trochanter and Ward's
      triangle BMD was observed at month 12 only in the patients on the highest dose of
      clodronate. In both groups treated, the hip BMD changes were significantly
      different from those observed in control patients. The biochemical markers of
      bone turnover were suppressed in both clodronate groups. These results indicate
      that intermittent i.m. clodronate administration can provide clinically relevant
      benefits to skeletal bone density in osteoporotic postmenopausal women, but the
      in situ pain may limit its extensive use.

PMID- 9951782
TI  - Long-term consequences of fracture of the lower leg: cross-sectional study and
      long-term longitudinal follow-up of bone mineral density in the hip after
      fracture of lower leg.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether bone loss in the hip,
      occurring after a fracture of the lower leg, persists many years after the
      fracture. In a long-term follow-up we measured bone mineral density (BMD) by dual
      energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of both hips and the lumbar spine in a group of
      11 patients, 5 years after a fracture of the lower leg. These patients were part
      of an earlier study, evaluating bone loss in the hip, up to 1 year after fracture
      of the lower leg. In this follow-up study, 5 years after fracture, loss from
      baseline BMD in the trochanteric region of the ipsilateral hip was 4.7% (p=0.04),
      whereas after a year in this group there was a decrease of 12.5% from baseline.
      On the contralateral side, hardly any change occurred. In the ipsilateral femoral
      neck, 5 years after fracture, BMD decreased by 2.9% (p=0.10), after 1 year loss
      from baseline was 5.1%. In a cross-sectional study we examined the differences in
      BMD of both hips, measured by DXA, in a group of 19 elderly patients reporting a
      fracture of the lower leg, with a mean time of 9.3 years after fracture. In this
      study, we found a 4.7% lower BMD in the trochanteric region of the hip on the
      fractured side compared with the nonfractured side (p=0.006), and a 2.9% lower
      BMD in the femoral neck (p=0.25). We conclude that, after fracture of the lower
      leg, BMD in the ipsilateral hip decreases significantly, with maximal bone loss
      after 1 year. After 5 years recovery has occurred, but not to baseline.
      Thereafter, significant excess bone loss is still observed in the trochanteric
      region. This persisting lower BMD may lead to an increased risk of another
      fracture in later years.

PMID- 9951783
TI  - Lack of an intronic Sp1 binding-site polymorphism at the collagen type I alpha1
      gene in healthy Korean women.
AB  - Osteoporosis is a disease that is strongly genetically influenced. However, the
      genes responsible for the disease are poorly defined. Recent data show that a G-T
      transition polymorphism of the Sp1 binding site at the collagen type I alpha1
      gene (Sp1 polymorphism) is associated significantly with bone mineral density
      (BMD) and osteoporotic fracture in British women. To establish the association
      between the Sp1 genotypes and BMD in Korean women, we examined 200 healthy
      postmenopausal women of Korean ethnicity, ranging in age from 44 to 66 years
      (mean+/-SD: 54.7+/-5.3 years). PCR amplification using the same primers as those
      used previously, with enzyme digestion, revealed no restriction site in our
      samples. We also performed a single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP)
      analysis in 100 of the 200 samples and could not find any polymorphic sites in
      the PCR amplification region. Based on our study, the Sp1 polymorphism at the
      type I collagen alpha1 gene was not found in Korean women. Therefore, we suggest
      that the Sp1 polymorphism at the type I collagen alpha1 gene is absent or rare in
      Korean women. Based on the present findings, this polymorphism does not seem to
      be responsible for the entire genetic contribution to BMD.

PMID- 9951784
TI  - Prevention of appendicular bone loss in Paget's disease following treatment with
      intravenous pamidronate disodium.
AB  - It has been shown previously that intravenous pamidronate treatment for severe
      Paget's disease is associated with appendicular bone loss. This 2 year study was
      designed to determine whether cotreatment with calcitriol and a calcium
      supplement would prevent this. Intravenous pamidronate was used to treat 49
      patients with symptomatic Paget's disease. Patients were stratified into two
      groups of differing biochemical severity based on hydroxyproline excretion (HypE)
      expressed as micromoles per liter of glomerular filtrate (GF): (1) a severe group
      with HypE > 10 micromol/L GF; and (2) a moderate group with HypE 5-10 micromol/L
      GF. Within each group, patients were randomly allocated to receive supplements of
      calcium and calcitriol (supplemented) or no supplements (unsupplemented) after
      initiation of pamidronate therapy. The severe group received 360 mg of
      pamidronate as six doses of 60 mg once weekly and the moderate group received 240
      mg as four weekly doses of 60 mg. Patients were followed for 24 months following
      treatment and had serial bone densitometry of the forearm measured as well as
      urine and plasma biochemistry. When the groups were combined, the unsupplemented
      patients showed a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) at the ultradistal
      forearm site, which persisted to 24 months. Those supplemented with calcium and
      calcitriol showed an increase in BMD and the difference between the two groups
      was significant at all times posttreatment (p < 0.03). When the groups were
      analyzed separately, those with moderate disease again showed significant
      differences in BMD between supplemented and unsupplemented patients at all
      timepoints. In the severe group, the differences did not reach statistical
      significance due to smaller patient numbers. Similar changes in BMD were also
      observed at the forearm shaft site. When serial parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels
      (with the moderate and severe groups combined) were plotted against time since
      treatment the rise in PTH in the supplemented patients was less than the rise in
      the unsupplemented patients (p < 0.04). These results suggest that forearm bone
      loss after intravenous pamidronate treatment for moderate-to-severe Paget's
      disease can largely be prevented by administration of calcium and calcitriol. The
      mechanism may be a blunting of the secondary hyperparathyroidism that occurs
      after intravenous pamidronate. These findings may have wider application in
      moderate-to-severe Paget's disease treated with other bisphosphonates.

PMID- 9951785
TI  - Bone metabolic changes in Antarctic wintering team members.
AB  - Bone mass, bone metabolic markers, and calcium regulation hormones were measured
      in members of an Antarctic wintering team who stayed at the Japanese Antarctic
      station, Syowa (latitude: south 69 degrees 00', longitude: east 39 degrees 35')
      for 1 year. Subjects included 31 healthy Japanese males, aged 24-51 years (mean
      age 34.5 years) at the beginning of this study, ingesting 488 IU/day of vitamin D
      and 550.9 mg/day of calcium per person. The long-term coefficient of variation
      (CV) of the equipment used in the assessments of bone mass was 0.67% in single X
      ray absorptiometry (SXA), 0.17% in the speed of sound (SOS) by quantitative
      ultrasound method (QUS), and 0.63% in broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) by
      QUS. The seasonal changes in the calcaneal bone mineral density (BMD) by SXA were
      not significant, whereas the SOS measured by QUS decreased during the measurement
      period (0.55%, p < 0.001), and BUA increased (1.9%, p < 0.01). Bone-specific
      alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels increased significantly during summer
      (p < 0.001) and urinary calcium level decreased significantly during winter (p <
      0.05). Urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline levels decreased significantly
      at the end of winter (p < 0.001). Serum 1,25(OH)2D3 level did not change
      significantly, whereas serum 25(OH)D3 level decreased significantly during winter
      (p < 0.001). Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level significantly increased at the
      end of winter (p < 0.01), although both PTH level and 25(OH)D3 level remained
      within the normal range. We concluded that the 25(OH)D3 level in subjects who
      stayed in Antarctica for 1 year decreased significantly with the reduction in
      duration of sunshine, but there were no clear changes in bone mass.

PMID- 9951786
TI  - Epidemiological study of hip fracture in Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and epidemiology in 1994
      of hip fracture in Shenyang, a large city in the northeast of The People's
      Republic of China, using register information and medical records collected from
      the 36 hospitals in Shenyang. The hip fracture data were restricted to cervical
      or trochanteric types. A subset (59% of total) of medical records of hip fracture
      was used to investigate the causes of hip fracture. The causes were classified as
      simple fall, fall from a bicycle during cycling, bicycle accident, car accident,
      and fall from a height. There was a total of 453 hip fractures (206 in women and
      247 in men) in the population over 50 years of age. The age-adjusted 1 year
      cumulative incidence rate was 67/100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 58
      76/100,000) for women and 81/100,000 (95% CI = 71-91/100,000) for men. The
      standardized incidence rate against the 1985 U.S. population was 87/100,000 (95%
      CI = 77-97/100,000) for women and 100/100,000 (95% CI = 89-111/100,000) for men.
      The mean (+/-standard deviation) age of patients with a hip fracture was 67.5+/
      9.8 years for men and 66.9+/-9.0 years for women. The overall male-to-female
      ratio of hip fracture was 1.21:1 for age-adjusted hip fracture incidence and
      1.15:1 for standardized incidence. Simple fall accounted for 70% hip fractures in
      women but caused only 49% in men (chi2 = 11.2, degrees of freedom [df] = 1,p =
      0.0008). The frequency of hip fractures caused by a fall from a bicycle was
      higher in men (28%) than women (10%) (chi2 = 13.0, df = 1,p = 0.0003). The
      results of this study indicate (1) a low incidence of hip fracture in a Chinese
      population compared with more affluent countries, and (b) a higher incidence in
      men than women that is related in part to a higher incidence of accidents,
      especially bicycle-related ones.

PMID- 9951787
TI  - A case of McCune-Albright syndrome mimicking Paget's disease of bone.

PMID- 9951788
TI  - Uptake of seven myocardial tracers during increased myocardial blood flow by
      dobutamine infusion.
AB  - RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Direct comparison of myocardial perfusion tracers has
      been made difficult by variability in experimental models, and by a virtual
      absence of data comparing tracer uptake to myocardial blood flow under conditions
      of increased myocardial oxygen consumption, similar to what occurs with dynamic
      exercise. METHODS: Tracer uptake versus myocardial blood flow was evaluated for
      thallium-201 (201TI) and six technetium-99m (99mTc) myocardial-imaging agents in
      24 open-chest canines with an occluded left-anterior descending coronary artery
      during dobutamine infusion. Data were fitted to the exponential model y = ax(1 -
      exp[-PSc/x]), where y is the tissue tracer/g normalized to normal (activity at 1
      mL/minute/g) and x is the blood flow measured by the radioactive microsphere
      method. RESULTS: With dobutamine, myocardial tracer uptake was linear across a
      wide range of ischemic and hyperemic flows for each tracer. Based on the
      permeability surface area product, 201TI and 99mTc Q3 provided the best tracer
      estimate of myocardial blood flow (5.30+/-0.86 mL/minute/g, r = 0.91; 5.46+/-0.58
      mL/minute/g, r = 0.94, respectively). Correlation coefficient (r) values for
      other tracers studied were 99mTc Q4 (r =0.93), 99mTc Q12 (r = 0.93), 99mTc
      sestamibi (r = 0.90), 99mTc tetrofosmin (r = 0.96), and 99mTc-N-Noet (r = 0.82).
      CONCLUSIONS: Of the 99mTc tracers examined under conditions of dobutamine-altered
      myocardial contractility, the myocardial uptake properties of 99mTc Q3 were most
      similar to those of 201TI.

PMID- 9951789
TI  - Experimental hepatobiliary fascioliasis in rabbits: a radiology-pathology
      correlation.
AB  - RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to correlate the radiologic findings
      of hepatobiliary fascioliasis with pathologic features. METHODS: Serial
      ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance findings in seven
      rabbits with experimentally induced fascioliasis were obtained every other week.
      Direct cholangiogram was also obtained after the rabbits were killed. Radiology
      pathology correlation was done in specimens. RESULTS: In the parenchymal phase
      (an acute phase of parenchymal invasion of a larva), CT showed subcapsular
      clustered areas of low attenuation. Magnetic resonance appearance was similar in
      shape but better than CT in characterizing the hemorrhagic nature of the lesion.
      Ultrasound findings were nonspecific in this phase. In the ductal phase (a
      stationary phase after residing in the bile duct), CT showed dilatation of
      central ducts with symmetric periportal hypoattenuation (periportal tracking).
      Magnetic resonance could not depict mild ductal dilatation. Ultrasound was most
      valuable in demonstrating the moving worm within the dilated duct.
      Pathologically, the hepatic parenchymal lesions consisted of a cluster of
      eosinophilic granulomas with hemorrhagic change (migratory tract of the flukes).
      Ductal changes were observed predominantly in the central bile ducts. Periportal
      lymphangiectasia was also noted. CONCLUSIONS: Computed tomography or magnetic
      resonance can demonstrate the characteristic evolutionary pattern of fascioliasis
      that reflects the unique life cycle of Fasciola hepatica. The role of ultrasound,
      although limited in the parenchymal phase, was most useful in the ductal phase in
      that it demonstrated the moving worms themselves.

PMID- 9951791
TI  - Dynamic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the quadriceps muscle:
      effects of age and sex on spectroscopic results.
AB  - RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Phosphorus-31 (31p) magnetic resonance spectroscopy
      (MRS) is used to assess the influence of sex and age on quadriceps muscle
      metabolism before and after exercise. METHODS: Fifty-four healthy volunteers and
      56 patients with an arterial occlusive disease were examined by dynamic 31p MRS.
      In the magnet, the quadriceps muscle was stressed by an isometric and an isotonic
      form of exercise until exhaustion. RESULTS: Older subjects showed a significantly
      larger ratio of inorganic phosphate (P(i)) to phosphocreatine (PCr) than younger
      subjects (r = 0.52, P = 8 x 10(-9)). With subjects' increasing age, the ratio of
      adenosine triphosphate (beta-ATP) to total phosphate decreased (r = -0.36, P = 5
      x 10(-5)). The ratio of phosphomonoester to beta-ATP and phosphodiester (PDE) to
      beta-ATP showed a strong age dependence (r = 0.71 and 0.69, P = 3 x 10(-17) and 4
      x 10(-15), respectively). The pH was the only one of the evaluated spectroscopic
      parameters that showed a sex dependence. Female subjects had a significantly
      lower pH (7.03+/-0.02) than male subjects (7.05+/-0.03) (P = 6 x 10(-4)). With
      increasing age, the maxima of P(i) to PCr were less extreme during both of the
      exercises (r = -0.51, P = 3 x 10(-16)). Likewise, the exercise-induced acidosis
      was less severe with increasing age (r = -0.51, P = 7 x 10(-16)). After the
      exercises ended, the times of half recovery of P(i) to PCr and the pH neither
      correlated with the subjects' age nor with sex or the cross-sectional area of the
      quadriceps muscle. CONCLUSIONS: The sex and age of volunteers or patients may
      affect spectroscopic results in a significant way. This influence has to be
      considered in the interpretation of spectroscopic studies. According to the
      recovery rates of P(i) to PCr and the pH, an age-related deterioration of
      muscular metabolism seems to be avoidable by appropriate physical activity.

PMID- 9951790
TI  - D-galactose-based signal-enhanced color Doppler sonography of breast tumors and
      tumorlike lesions.
AB  - RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate prospectively the
      diagnostic potential of unenhanced and enhanced color Doppler and power Doppler
      for the differentiation of tumors and tumorlike lesions of the breast. METHODS:
      Ninety-two patients with 110 tumors or tumorlike lesions of the breast were
      investigated by unenhanced and enhanced color and power Doppler ultrasound. The
      sonomorphologic aspects of vascularization were analyzed. In addition, maximal
      systolic frequency shift, resistance, and pulsatility indices were determined.
      RESULTS: In 15 (24%) of 63 primary carcinomas, 15 (68%) of 22 fibroadenomas, and
      all (100%) of 14 postoperative lesions, the sonomorphologic analysis for the
      differential diagnosis of breast tumors was improved after contrast enhancement
      in color Doppler mode. In comparing unenhanced color Doppler to power Doppler,
      the latter was found to be slightly superior (sensitivity, 60% vs. 67%;
      specificity, 39% vs. 45%, respectively); after enhancement, both modes were
      equivalent (sensitivity, 100% vs. 100%; specificity, 95% vs. 95%, respectively).
      Signal enhancement resulted in a significant improvement in sensitivity and
      specificity (P < 0.01). Typical signs of malignancy were irregular vessel
      calibers, serpiginous courses, penetration of the tumor's margin, and irregular
      reticular vascularization. The quantitative parameters proved not to be helpful
      for the differential diagnosis of breast tumors. CONCLUSIONS: By improved
      analysis of the vascularization pattern, d-galactose-enhanced color Doppler
      sonography was found to provide more reliable differential diagnostic information
      than unenhanced Doppler ultrasound in tumors and tumorlike lesions of the breast.

PMID- 9951792
TI  - Gadolinium neutron capture therapy (GdNCT) of melanoma cells and solid tumors
      with the magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent Gadobutrol.
AB  - RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The therapeutic gain of neutron capture therapy with a
      neutral macrocyclic gadolinium (Gd) complex (Gadobutrol) was evaluated through in
      vitro and in vivo studies in a beam of low-energy neutrons. METHODS: Neutron
      irradiation for both the in vitro and in vivo studies was performed in a beam of
      low-energy neutrons produced by the research reactor of the Hahn-Meitner
      Institut, Berlin. Malignant melanoma cells of human origin were irradiated in the
      presence or absence of Gadobutrol. In vivo irradiation was performed on tumor
      bearing nude mice. The tumor site was irradiated subsequent to intratumoral
      injection of Gadobutrol and compared with irradiation in the absence of the Gd
      complex. RESULTS: In vitro studies showed a Gd-dependent delay of cell
      proliferation as a consequence of neutron irradiation. In animals, intratumoral
      administration of the Gd complex at a dose of 1.2 mmol Gd/kg before neutron
      irradiation results in a significant delay in tumor growth with respect to the
      control groups. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro and in vivo studies showed a therapeutic
      benefit with the neutral Gd complex and suggest Gd-containing magnetic resonance
      contrast media are potential candidates for neutron capture therapy. The Gd dose
      used in the irradiation experiments was four times the presently accepted high
      dose in clinical magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 9951793
TI  - Fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) compared with T2-weighted spin
      echo in the magnetic resonance diagnosis of mesial temporal sclerosis.
AB  - RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors compare coronal fast fluid-attenuated
      inversion recovery (FLAIR) with coronal T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) magnetic
      resonance (MR) techniques in the diagnosis of mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS).
      METHODS: In this prospective study, the authors assessed MR scans of 30 patients
      with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (based on clinical symptomatology and
      electroencephalographic registrations) with MR features suggestive of MTS. MR
      scans of age-, sex-, and scanner-matched patients, referred for MR assessment of
      white matter disease, without a history of epilepsy and with no visible
      abnormalities on MR, were used as controls. In 16 patients the MR diagnosis was
      confirmed by histologic abnormalities consistent with MTS. Coronal T2 SE and
      FLAIR images of patients and controls were presented to two experienced
      radiologists in random order for independent blinded review. Hippocampal and
      associated extrahippocampal temporal lobe abnormalities were used for the
      diagnosis of MTS. RESULTS: The sensitivity of observer A was 97% for the T2 SE
      sequence and 100% for the FLAIR; the specificity of observer A for both
      techniques was 100%. The sensitivity of observer B was 53% for T2 SE and 83% for
      FLAIR; the specificity for observer B was 93% for the T2 SE and 100% for FLAIR.
      CONCLUSION: Coronal FLAIR images provide a similar or increased yield in the
      detection of MTS compared with T2-weighted SE images.

PMID- 9951794
TI  - Usability of semiautomatic segmentation algorithms for tumor volume
      determination.
AB  - RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Tumor volume is an important parameter for clinical
      decision making. At present, semiautomatic image segmentation is not a standard
      for tumor volumetry. The aim of this work was to investigate the usability of
      semiautomatic algorithms for tumor volume determination. METHODS: Semiautomatic
      region- and volume-growing, isocontour, snakes, hierarchical, and histogram-based
      segmentation algorithms were tested for accuracy, contour variability, and time
      performance. The test were performed on a newly developed organic phantom for the
      simulation of a human liver and liver metastases. The real tumor volumes were
      measured by water displacement. These measured volumes were used as the gold
      standard for determining the accuracy of the algorithms. RESULTS: Variability of
      the segmented volumes ranging from 3.9 +/- 3.2% (isocontour algorithm) to 11.5 +/
      13.9% (hierarchical segmentation) was observed. The segmentation time per slice
      varied between 32 (volume-growing) and 72 seconds (snakes) on an IBM/RS6000
      workstation. CONCLUSIONS: Only the region-growing and isocontour algorithms have
      the potential to be used for tumor volumetry. However, further improvements of
      these algorithms are necessary before they can be placed into clinical use.

PMID- 9951795
TI  - Gas dynamics in CO2 angiography: in vitro evaluation in a circulatory system
      model.
AB  - RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The use of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a vascular contrast
      agent has increased significantly since the introduction of digital subtraction
      angiography. To optimize the injection of CO2 for digital subtraction
      angiography, we evaluated the gas dispersion patterns from differing catheter
      designs, gas flow dynamics, and the influence of vessel size and inclination on
      luminal gas filling. METHODS: A circulatory system model was constructed and
      perfused with 36% glycerin solution at a rate of 1.08 to 1.13 liters per minutes
      (pulse rate 72 beats/minute, pressure 90-111 mm Hg). Fifty milliliters of CO2 was
      rapidly injected into the vascular tube of the model (diameter 6.4-15.9 mm) at an
      inclination of 0 degrees to 45 degrees via a catheter, and imaged digitally in a
      cross-table lateral projection. The dispersal patterns of gas bubbles from the
      halo, pigtail, and end-hole catheters were evaluated as well as the degree of
      luminal gas filling. RESULTS: The halo and end-hole catheters produced continuous
      gas flow with homogeneous density. The pigtail catheter produced smaller bubbles
      with inhomogeneous density. Luminal gas filling was incomplete, with a residual
      fluid level posteriorly regardless of the size and inclination of the tube. At 0
      degrees inclination, gas filling was greater with the 6.4-mm tube than with the
      15.9-mm tube. With an inclination of 0 degrees to 15 degrees, gas filling was
      significantly improved for the larger tubes. On dispersal, CO2 bubbles rapidly
      coalesced and moved forward along the anterior aspect of the tube. The frontal
      motion of the bubble was parabolic in configuration. CONCLUSIONS: The halo and
      end-hole catheters provide more homogeneous gas density than the pigtail
      catheter. Gas filling was incomplete regardless of catheter design, vessel size,
      or inclination. Inclination improves gas filling in vessels > 12.7 mm in
      diameter.

PMID- 9951796
TI  - Evaluation of gadopentetate dimeglumine magnetic resonance cisternography in an
      animal model: preliminary report.
AB  - RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging
      characteristics of the cisternal administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine
      (gadolinium) in a small experimental animal. METHODS: Four female New Zealand
      White rabbits were used for this experiment. Each rabbit received a single dose
      of intrathecal gadolinium (doses ranged from 75-100 micromol) via a cisternal
      puncture. Immediate and delayed sagittal and axial T1-weighted images of the
      brain and cervical spinal cord were acquired on a 2 Tesla CSI magnet. RESULTS:
      All the rabbits tolerated the experiment well, without significant alterations in
      behavior or seizure activity. During the early phase of imaging, subarachnoid
      space enhancement was observed over the surface of the brain parenchyma and
      spinal cord on T1-weighted images. Gradual diffusion of the gadolinium into the
      cranial parenchyma was seen on the delayed MR studies (45 minutes-6 hours), as
      revealed by progressive generalized enhancement of the brain. Sustained
      enhancement of gray matter of the spinal cord was observed. CONCLUSION: This
      study illustrates that there is no barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      and the brain-spinal cord with regard to gadolinium. Possible practical
      applications for gadolinium-enhanced MR myelography or cisternography include the
      assessment of communication or obstruction of CSF pathways, subarachnoid space
      CSF flow pattern analysis, spontaneous or acquired CSF fistula evaluation,
      evaluation of the intercommunication of central nervous system cystic structures
      bordering on CSF pathways, and the study of the dynamics of gadolinium diffusion
      in the central nervous system parenchyma.

PMID- 9951797
TI  - Hepatic microcirculatory changes induced by hepatic artery embolization in rats:
      original investigation.
AB  - RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of hepatic artery embolization
      (HAE), hepatic microcirculatory changes induced by HAE were assessed
      quantitatively in rats. METHODS: Using in vivo microscopy, the blood-flow
      velocity (BFV) through terminal portal venules (TPVs) and terminal hepatic
      venules (THVs) was measured during HAE with gelatin sponge powder (GSP), iodized
      oil (Lipiodol, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mL/kg), or 0.1 mL/kg Lipiodol followed by GSP.
      RESULTS: After HAE with GSP, BFV through TPVs decreased significantly, but BFV
      through THVs did not decrease. After HAE with Lipiodol (0.2 and 0.4 mL/kg), BFV
      through TPVs decreased significantly, but BFV through THVs did not. After HAE
      with Lipiodol followed by GSP, BFV through both TPVs and THVs decreased
      significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Neither GSP nor Lipiodol adversely affects hepatic
      microcirculation when administered alone; however, HAE with a combination of
      Lipiodol and GSP does adversely affect hepatic microcirculation.

PMID- 9951798
TI  - Takayasu arteritis, Buerger disease and inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms:
      is there a common pathway in their pathogenesis?
AB  - Takayasu arteritis, Bueger disease and IAAA are non-specific vasculitis involving
      mainly large vessels, the etiology of which are all still in the mist. Our recent
      HLA analysis on Takayasu arteritis and Buerger disease revealed a close
      association with some HLA antigens which made us suppose the common pathological
      pathway to cause these morbid conditions. International survey on Takayasu
      arteritis also revealed cases involving abdominal aorta only (Type IV,
      International Classification) in Asian countries, very similar to clinical and
      pathological features of IAAA. These ongoing survey suggest the common mechanism
      in the pathophysiology of these morbid conditions.

PMID- 9951799
TI  - Pathology of isolated nonclassical and catastrophic manifestations of Takayasu
      arteritis.
AB  - Takayasu arteritis is usually defined as a chronic, progressive, inflammatory,
      occlusive disease of the aorta and its branches. However, we should remind
      Takayasu arteritis as a systemic disease. Here I describe nonclassical and
      catastrophic manifestations of the Takayasu arteritis, which often go
      unrecognized until after the event. Especially I stress that we should focus on
      cardiopulmonary complications in Takayasu arteritis.

PMID- 9951800
TI  - Increased levels of soluble forms of adhesion molecules in Takayasu arteritis.
AB  - The present series of experiments were designed to determine if soluble forms of
      vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and inter cellular adhesion molecule-1 are
      elevated in the setting of Takayasu arteritis. Plasma levels of these soluble
      adhesion molecules were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 73
      Takayasu arteritis and 36 age-matched normal controls and examined with respect
      to the age of patients. Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 levels were
      significantly higher in Takayasu arteritis (mean 871.4 ng/ml, P<0.01) compared
      with controls (mean 607.9 ng/ml). No difference was found in soluble inter
      cellular adhesion molecule-1 levels between these two groups. Comparison of
      soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and inter cellular adhesion molecule-1
      in these patients subdivided by age into three groups indicated significantly
      higher levels of these molecules in individuals over 50 years old compared to
      those under 39 years old (P<0.05). These data suggest that the measurement of
      soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 may be clinically important in Takayasu
      arteritis. The correlation of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and inter
      cellular adhesion molecule-1 levels with age may indicate some relationship with
      progression of this disease.

PMID- 9951801
TI  - Vasculitis-susceptible genes in mice with a deficit in Fas-mediated apoptosis.
AB  - Autoimmune diseases show complex pathological manifestations, which frequently
      involve systemic vasculitis. This complication is understood to be a
      manifestation of advanced disease, or to represent distinct entities, restricted
      by genetic and/or environmental factors. An MRL/Mp strain of mice bearing the Fas
      deletion mutant gene, lpr (MRL/lpr), spontaneously develop systemic vasculitis
      coincidentally with glomerulonephritis, arthritis and sialoadenitis, but a
      C3H/HeJ-lpr/lpr (C3H/lpr) strain does not. Thus, this is a suitable model for
      analyzing the genetic basis of vasculitis in autoimmune diseases. To genetically
      dissect these complex pathological manifestations, a linkage analysis of each
      lesion with polymorphic microsatellite markers was performed by using MRL/lpr x
      (MRL/lpr x C3H/lpr)F1 backcross mice. Vasculitis-susceptible gene loci were
      mapped on chromosomes 3 and 4, which were not associated with glomerulonephritis,
      arthritis and sialoadenitis. These results indicate that systemic vasculitis in
      MRL/lpr mice may be under the control of host genes which are different from
      those for other autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 9951802
TI  - Atherosclerosis and inflammation mononuclear cell recruitment and adhesion
      molecules with reference to the implication of ICAM-1/LFA-1 pathway in
      atherogenesis.
AB  - Recent investigations have reanimated the view that there exists a possible link
      between atherosclerosis and inflammation. Adhesion of monocytes as well as T
      lymphocytes to the arterial endothelial surface, followed by their migration into
      the subendothelial space is a hallmark for experimental animals fed an
      atherogenic diet. Human studies show identical features in the arterial wall to
      the animal models of atherosclerosis. The recruitment of leukocytes into areas of
      inflammation is mediated by interacting sets of cell adhesion molecules. In
      atherosclerosis, focal expression of key adhesion molecules particularly
      triggered by plasma atherogenic lipoproteins has been detected, and these
      molecules may mediate the recruitment of mononuclear cells to the plaque. Among
      these adhesion molecules, ICAM-1, a protein of the Ig superfamily, and one of the
      ligands for LFA-1 have been suggested to play an important role in atherogenesis.
      In diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats, we found that ICAM-1 expression is up
      regulated mainly in lesion-prone areas of the aorta during the early stages of
      atherogenesis. Increased ICAM-1 expression was associated with a marked monocyte
      and T lymphocyte intimal recruitment. Further immunohistochemical studies have
      demonstrated that LFA-1 is expressed by more than 85% of macrophages in the
      lesions, and their presence therefore may point toward the involvement of the LFA
      1/ICAM-1 receptor ligand pathway in the recruitment of mononuclear cells in the
      lesions. In order to verify this hypothesis, systemic administration of blocking
      antibodies was attempted; injection of anti-ICAM-1/LFA-1 monoclonal antibodies
      significantly reduced macrophage adherence and their emigration into the intima.
      Our current study suggests that ICAM-1 may act as an "athero-ELAM" for
      mononuclear cell intimal recruitment during atherogenesis.

PMID- 9951803
TI  - Effects and mechanism of tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen
      activator inhibitor on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.
AB  - Smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration play a pivotal role in
      restenosis following angioplasty. The expression of tissue-type plasminogen
      activator (tPA) increased significantly during SMC proliferation and migration in
      rabbit iliac artery injury model. In this experiment, the relationship of tPA,
      PAI-1 and vascular SMC proliferation was studied in vitro using human aortic
      smooth muscle cells cultivated in normal lipid or high lipid serum. The
      expression of certain oncogenes during the SMC proliferation was detected by
      Northern blot. RESULTS: tPA stimulates vascular SMC proliferation in a dose
      dependent manner, and the effect is increased significantly in high lipid
      environment. PAI-1 inhibits the mitogenic effect of tPA to SMC and is dose
      dependent. tPA increases oncogene c-myc mRNA level during SMC proliferation, and
      the level of c-myc mRNA increases significantly in hyperlipidemia. These findings
      indicate that tPA directly promotes human vascular SMC proliferation in vitro,
      and may contribute to intimal SMC proliferation after vascular injury by
      increasing the expression of oncogene c-myc mRNA.

PMID- 9951804
TI  - Demographic, clinical, and angiographic data of patients with Takayasu arteritis
      in Brazil.
AB  - We collected clinical, demographic, and angiographic data of Takayasu arteritis
      (TA) patients followed at Rheumatology Division of three Public University
      Centers (UNIFESP, USP, and UNICAMP) located in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Clinical
      and demographic data were obtained from 73 patients (61 female; 50 white) The
      mean age at time of diagnosis was 27 y.o. and the mean follow-up time was 5
      years. The following clinical features were observed along the evolution of these
      patients: absent or reduced pulses in upper limbs (85%), arterial bruit (64.5%),
      claudication of upper members (57%), headache (45%), hypertension (35.5%),
      dizziness (29%), cardiac bruit (29%), weight loss (27.5%), arthralgia or
      arthritis (26%), fever (24.5%) and claudication of lower limbs (20.5%). According
      to new angiographic classification of Takayasu arteritis performed in 28 patients
      followed at UNTFESP, with routine full aortography, 21% were classified as type
      I, 4% as type IIa, 4% as type III, 14% as type IV and 57% as type V. No patients
      had type IIb. Patients with Takayasu arteritis in Sao Paulo State Brazil showed
      female predominance and arterial involvement pattern similar to the one observed
      in Japan, with more than 20% classified as type I with exclusive involvement of
      the branches from the aortic arch.

PMID- 9951805
TI  - Takayasu arteritis in Colombia.
AB  - Takayasu arteritis has been recognized in Colombia just recently, and so far we
      do not have any report concerning its presentation here. In this first report,
      some issues related to the presentation of the disease are indicated and compared
      with those found in the medical literature. No differences were found in age and
      sex. Most of the cases were diagnosed during an inactive phase of the disease
      with advanced manifestations due to vascular lesion which suggests the existence
      of some genetic factor influencing such a presentation, or may be the consequence
      of a delay in diagnosing the disease during initial and active stages due to not
      suspecting it. Comparing the vessels which are affected among other races and
      countries, we can find both differences and similarities. With the purpose of
      discovering the demographic, clinical, angiographic and laboratorial
      characteristics of Takayasu arteritis in Colombia, the present study was carried
      out by studying 35 clinical cases in different medical centers of the country.

PMID- 9951806
TI  - A possible role of sex in determining distribution of lesions in Takayasu
      Arteritis.
AB  - Sixty-nine female and 43 male patients of Takayasu Arteritis (TA) were analysed
      based on their clinical and angiographic features. Clinical manifestations
      included hypertension in 41 (95%), bruits in 37 (86%) and hypertensive
      retinopathy in 28 (65%) male patients as compared to 47 (68%), 45 (65%) and 39
      (56%) female patients respectively. An increased number of male patients (11.6%)
      had higher serum creatinine than female patients (1.6%). Angiographic evaluation
      suggested that female patients had involvement of ascending aorta, arch and
      abdominal aorta in six (8.6%), 14 (20.5%) and 37 (53.6%) patients respectively as
      compared to six (13.6%), five (11.6%) and 34 (79.1%) male patients. This data
      suggests that Indian male patients with TA have a higher frequency of
      hypertension and abdominal aorta involvement while female patients have a
      tendency towards involvement of aortic arch and its branches.

PMID- 9951807
TI  - An autopsy study of Takayasu arteritis in India.
AB  - Autopsy findings of 10 patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA) are presented. These
      patients include six females and four males with a mean age of 22.6+/-10.2 years.
      Hypertension was the commonest mode of presentation. On autopsy, the vascular
      lesions in the aorta comprised of stenosis (eight), dilatation (six), aneurysm
      (two) and dissection of aorta involving its arch, thoracic and abdominal aorta
      (one). Abdominal aorta was the commonest site of involvement (nine patients) and
      renal artery was involved in six patients. Histologically, the three types of
      lesions were identified--active, fibrotic and combination of active and fibrotic
      lesions. Active inflammatory lesions in the arterial circuit were present despite
      a clinically chronic (silent) phase of the disease. Cardiac involvement included
      left ventricular hypertrophy (nine), right ventricular hypertrophy (four),
      biventricular hypertrophy (three), myocarditis (two) (rheumatic and Takayasu's
      myocarditis--one patient each) and involvement of coronary artery (one). The
      pulmonary artery was involved in two patients. Kidneys showed changes of
      malignant hypertension and benign nephrosclerosis in one patient each. Associated
      tuberculosis was present in four patients. The causes of mortality were
      congestive heart failure (four), chronic renal failure (two), intracranial bleed,
      aneurysmal rupture and pulmonary thromboembolism in one patient each. Thus, the
      major causes of morbidity and mortality in Indian patients with TA is due to
      severe uncontrolled hypertension and its effect on heart, kidney and brain. The
      disease appears to have a persistent activity for a prolonged period even when it
      appears to be clinically silent.

PMID- 9951808
TI  - Molecular analyses of HLA class II-associated susceptibility to subtypes of
      autoimmune diseases unique to Asians.
AB  - It is well known that individuals positive for particular HLA-class II alleles
      show high risks for the development of Takayasu arteritis and other diseases
      caused by immunological disorders such as autoimmune diseases and allergies. HLA
      class II molecules present antigenic peptides to CD4+ T cells. Their extensive
      polymorphism affects the structures of peptides bound to HLA class II molecules
      to create individual differences in immune responses to antigenic peptides. To
      better understand the mechanisms for association between HLA class II alleles and
      susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, it is important to identify self-peptides
      presented by disease-susceptible HLA class II molecules and triggering disease
      causative T cells. Many autoimmune diseases are observed in all ethnic groups,
      whereas the incidences of diseases, clinical manifestations and disease
      susceptible HLA class II alleles are different among various ethnic groups for
      some autoimmune diseases. These phenomena suggest that differences in autoimmune
      self-peptide(s) in the context of disease-susceptible HLA class II molecules may
      cause these differences. Therefore, comparisons among disease-susceptible HLA
      class II alleles, autoimmune self-peptides and clinical manifestations of
      autoimmune diseases in different ethnic groups would be helpful in determining
      the pathogenesis of the diseases. In this paper, we describe our recent findings
      on: (1) the uniqueness of both clinical manifestations and HLA-linked genetic
      background of Asian-type (optico-spinal form) multiple sclerosis; (2) the
      structural characteristics of peptides bound to HLA-DQ molecules susceptible to
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; (3) the identification of a disease-related
      autoantigenic peptide presented by disease-susceptible HLA-DQ molecules in Asians
      specific infant onset myasthenia gravis; and (4) a manipulation of human T cell
      response by altered peptide ligands, as a possible candidate for new and antigen
      specific immuno-suppressive therapy against autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 9951810
TI  - The association between the HLA antigens and Takayasu's arteritis in Thai
      patients.
AB  - The HLA-A, -B, -DR and -DQ antigen distribution in 20 unrelated Thai patients
      with Takayasu's arteritis was compared with that in 44 healthy controls. The
      frequency of HLA-A31 and HLA-B52 (chi2=4.54, P<0.05; chi2=3.80, P<0.05, RR=7.5)
      appeared to be increased in the patient group. In contrast, the frequency of HLA
      A24 and HLA-DQ3 (chi2=4.18, P<0.05, RR=0.25; chi2=5.36, P<.025, RR=0.28) appeared
      to be decreased in this group.

PMID- 9951809
TI  - MICA gene polymorphism in Takayasu's arteritis and Buerger's disease.
AB  - To further clarify the HLA-linked genes susceptible to arterio-vasculitis of
      unknown etiology, Takayasu's arteritis and Buerger's disease, polymorphism in the
      MICA gene, a newly identified gene near the HLA-B gene and expressed in
      epithelial cell lineage, was investigated. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-DNA
      conformation polymorphism (DCP) analysis and subsequent sequencing of the MICA
      gene have revealed that there are 5 MICA alleles which are different in the
      number of a GCT repeat in exon 5: MICA alleles MICA-1.1, -1.2, -1.3 and -1.4 have
      9, 6, 5 and 4 GCT repeats, respectively, and MICA-1.5 has 5 GCT repeats with a 1
      bp frameshift insertion in the repeat. MICA genotyping data in 81 Japanese
      patients with Takayasu's arteritis, 38 Japanese patients with Buerger's disease,
      and 160 healthy Japanese controls showed that MICA-1.2 and -1.4 were
      significantly associated with Takayasu's arteritis and Buerger's disease,
      respectively. Because MICA-1.2 and -1.4 were in strong linkage disequilibria with
      HLA-B52 and -B54 in the Japanese populations, respectively, we have compared the
      odds ratio (OR) of the risk to the diseases for individuals having both or each
      of the disease-associated MICA and HLA-B alleles. It was found that MICA-1.2 gave
      a significantly high OR of risk to Takayasu's arteritis in the absence of HLA
      B52, suggesting that the HLA-linked gene susceptible to Takayasu's arteritis is
      mapped near the MICA gene. In contrast, MICA-1.4 gave a significantly high OR of
      risk to Buerger's disease only in the presence of HLA-B54, suggesting that the
      HLA-linked gene susceptible to Buerger's disease is linked to the HLA-B54-MICA
      1.4 haplotype, and may be differently mapped from that to Takayasu's arteritis.

PMID- 9951811
TI  - Association of clinical manifestations with HLA-B alleles in Takayasu arteritis.
AB  - HLA-DNA typing using PCR-SSOP and PCR-DCP methods was performed in 85 patients
      with Takayasu arteritis and 492 healthy controls who had been typed for HLA by
      serological method. Frequencies of HLA-B52 (B*5201) and B39 (B*3901 and B*3902)
      were significantly increased in the patients. Frequency of HLA-DRB1*1502 was also
      increased but it was suggested to be a reflection of its linkage disequilibrium
      with B52. Association of HLA-B52 and B39 with seven clinical manifestations-
      pulmonary infarction, ischemic heart disease, aortic regurgitation, systemic
      hypertension, renal artery stenosis, cerebrovascular disease, and visual
      disturbance--in 132 HLA-typed patients with Takayasu arteritis was studied. In
      HLA-B52 positive TA patients, aortic regurgitation (vs B52(-)-B39(+), OR=3.8,
      P<0.05, vs B52(-)-B39(-), OR=5.49, P<0.001), ischemic heart disease (vs B52(-)
      B39(+), OR=12.05, P<0.05, vs B52(-)-B39(-), OR=2.85, P<0.05), and pulmonary
      infarction (vs B52(-)-B39(+), OR=5.74, P<0.03) were found to be significantly
      prevalent. On the other hand, in HLA-B39 positive TA patients, frequency of renal
      artery stenosis was significantly increased (vs B52(+)-B39(-), OR=12.14, P<0.001,
      vs B52(-)-B39(-), OR=5.21, P<0.03). These observations have suggested that HLA
      B52 molecule and B39 molecule would contribute to different clinical
      manifestations by binding different antigenic peptides to cause inflammations.
      Thus HLA-B molecule may play an important role in pathogenesis or determining
      clinical manifestations of Takayasu arteritis.

PMID- 9951812
TI  - Immunogenetic analysis of Takayasu arteritis in Indian patients.
AB  - The distribution of HLA-A, B, C and DR antigens was determined in a cohort of 104
      unrelated Indian patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA) belonging to the North
      Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi. The data was compared
      with healthy controls belonging to the same ethnic group. In addition,
      polymorphism in the MHC class I chain related A (MIC A) gene was studied in a
      group of 25 TA patients and 40 healthy controls. The data revealed a strong
      association of the disease with HLA-B5 (chi2=22.5, P<1 x 10(-6), RR=3.08) as well
      as its two common serological subtypes, B51 (chi2=20.5) and B52 (chi2=18.5). No
      particular association was observed with any of the five alleles of the MIC A
      gene, nor any linkage disequilibrium could be established with these alleles and
      those of HLA-B locus in this population. The observation suggest that HLA linked
      genes are definitely involved in the development of Takayasu arteritis and that
      the disease in Indian subjects is associated with HLA-B5 and its two serological
      subtypes, B51 as well as B52.

PMID- 9951813
TI  - Intron 2 and exon 3 sequences may be involved in the susceptibility to develop
      Takayasu arteritis.
AB  - We studied Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class I and Class II genes in
      seven Mexican Mestizo patients with Takayasu arteritis. Takayasu arteritis is an
      uncommon condition in Mexican Mestizo, however, previous studies report
      association of the disease in this population with Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)
      B39 and HLA-DRB1*1301. The results in the present study show that the haplotypes
      of the Mexican Mestizo patients with Takayasu arteritis are very heterogeneous,
      even when the disease is much more rare in Mexico than in Japan. The sequence
      analysis of HLA-B39 shows that Mexican patients exhibit the HLA-B*39061 and HLA
      B*39062 subtypes. These subtypes are more common in Mexico than in Japan, where
      the predominant subtype is HLA-B*3901. Interestingly, HLA-B*39061 and B-39062
      share the 3' end of intron 2 and the 5' end of exon 3 with HLA-B*5101 and
      B*52012, alleles associated to Takayasu arteritis in Japanese. This fact suggests
      that Takayasu arteritis patients may share a specific sequence rather than a
      specific allele, even when the gene involved in the susceptibility to develop
      Takayasu arteritis may be a neighboring gene located between the genes related at
      present time with the disease, i.e. a gene located between MHC Class I and Class
      II regions.

PMID- 9951814
TI  - Ophthalmological findings in patients with Takayasu disease.
AB  - We examined 65 (61 female and 4 male) Takayasu patients. Patient age ranged from
      17 to 78 years old (mean 50.2); age of onset was from 11 to 60 years old (mean
      32.8); and duration from onset to referral ranged from 1 month to 43 years (mean
      16.8 years). Routine ophthalmological examinations were performed. Fluorescein
      angiography, kinetic perimetry by Goldmann perimetry, static perimetry by Octopus
      1-2-3, electroretinography (ERG), and measurements of central retinal arterial
      pressure were also performed, as appropriate. Major causes of impaired visual
      acuity (less than 16/20) were cataract. A few patients had low visual acuity
      caused by Takayasu disease itself. On the other hand, although not many
      complained of visual disturbance, about 35% of patients had subnormal visual
      functions. Because the visual deterioration may be based on ocular hypoperfusion,
      which may subsequently lead to more serious changes, regular ophthalmological
      examination for every Takayasu disease patient is recommended.

PMID- 9951815
TI  - The clinical application of 'edema-weighted' magnetic resonance imaging in the
      assessment of Takayasu's arteritis.
AB  - Takayasu's arteritis is an inflammatory process affecting medium to large
      arteries. In about half of cases, constitutional symptoms and laboratory studies
      do not correlate with disease activity, confounding therapeutic decision making.
      We present six representative cases of Takayasu's arteritis in which new magnetic
      resonance imaging sequences for improved morphological and tissue
      characterization were useful in identifying aortic wall thickening and acute
      inflammatory changes, respectively. Specifically, fast spin-echo sequences
      designed to enhance detection of vessel wall edema were included. This
      information proved useful in guiding clinical decision making, particularly in
      regard to initiation and monitoring of therapy in our patients.

PMID- 9951816
TI  - Takayasu arteritis: ultrasonographic evaluation of the cervico-cerebral arteries.
AB  - PURPOSE: To present the ultrasonographic findings of the cervico-cerebral
      arteries in patients with Takayasu arteritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used
      duplex ultrasound to study the arteries in the neck including the common carotid
      artery (CCA), internal carotid artery (ICA), external carotid artery (ECA) and
      the vertebral arteries. For the intracranial arteries, transcranial Doppler
      ultrasound was used to study the blood flow velocities and directions in the
      middle cerebral artery (MCA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA), posterior cerebral
      artery (PCA), ophthalmic artery, basilar and vertebral arteries. The
      ultrasonographic findings were compared with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
      and standard angiography. RESULTS: Four patients with the diagnosis of Takayasu
      arteritis were studied. One patient presented with ischemic optic neuropathy and
      was found to have absent radial pulse. Two patients presented with severe
      hypertension in young age. The other patient had accidental findings of
      unmeasurable blood pressure in both arms. One patient had abnormal carotid duplex
      ultrasound. He was found to have an occlusion of the right ICA. Thickening of the
      wall of the left ICA was also noted. Reduction of flow velocity in the MCA was
      demonstrated on TCD. There was evidence of collateral circulation from the
      contralateral carotid artery demonstrated by reversal of flow in the ipsilateral
      A1 segment of the ACA. MRA and angiography confirmed the ultrasound findings.
      Three patients had normal carotid duplex ultrasound but one of them was found to
      have a severe stenosis at the origin of the common carotid artery by MRA and
      angiogram. Absence of one vertebral artery was noted in three patients. MRA and
      angiogram confirmed the occlusion of the same vertebral arteries at their
      origins. In one patient, reversal of flow in the intracranial part (V4 segment)
      of the affected vertebral artery indicating collateral flow from contralateral
      vertebral and basilar arteries was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography
      could be used as an additional noninvasive procedure apart from CT angiography,
      MRI and MRA in patients with Takayasu arteritis. Occlusion and wall thickening of
      the neck artery could be detected by color coded B-mode and Doppler ultrasound.
      Transcranial Doppler was useful in evaluation of flow velocity and flow direction
      of the arteries around the circle of Willis.

PMID- 9951817
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis.
AB  - Conventional angiography has been used for diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis (TA).
      In early stage of TA, subtle inflammatory wall thickening of the aorta and its
      branches without significant stenosis may be the only morphologic change of TA.
      Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appears to be useful in the diagnosis of early
      stage TA by visualizing concentric wall thickening of the vessels. T2-weighted
      images may show bright signal of edema in and around the inflamed vessel.
      Contrast media-enhanced MR shows enhanced wall of vessels even in chronic stage,
      which may indicate the activity of TA at the tissue level. MR angiography allows
      us noninvasive assessment of the vascular tree and it may replace conventional
      angiography.

PMID- 9951818
TI  - Antiaorta antibodies and Takayasu arteritis.
AB  - A search for antibodies reactive against a total human aorta extract and its main
      protein components such as elastin, fibronectin and collagen was attempted by
      electroimmunetransference and ELISA. Thirty five sera from clinically and
      angiographically proven diagnosis of Takayasu Arteritis patients were compared
      with 32 sera from people without abnormalities. Non specific binding was found on
      electroimmune transference and no difference was shown in optical density
      readings in ELISA, therefore, we did not demonstrate the presence of antiaorta
      specific antibodies in this vasculitic condition. Our findings are in agreement
      with several authors, the contribution of humoral immunity to pathogenesis of
      Takayasu Arteritis has not been proved yet.

PMID- 9951819
TI  - Surrogate markers of disease activity in patients with Takayasu arteritis. A
      preliminary report from The International Network for the Study of the Systemic
      Vasculitides (INSSYS).
AB  - Twenty-nine patients with clinically defined Takayasu arteritis and 26 healthy
      control volunteers were recruited by INSSYS investigators from their clinical
      practices. Patients with Takayasu arteritis were divided into those with clear
      cut clinically active or inactive disease based on Birmingham Vasculitis Activity
      Scores. Multiple serological tests were performed including ESR, C-reactive
      protein, tissue factor, von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin, tissue plasminogen
      activator, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin and PECAM-1. No test was reliably able to
      distinguish between healthy volunteers and patients with active Takayasu
      arteritis. At present there is no known serological test which can consistently
      supplant vascular histopathology in determining the activity of Takayasu
      arteritis.

PMID- 9951820
TI  - Surgical treatment for annuloaortic ectasia in Takayasu arteritis.
AB  - Annuloaortic ectasia (AAE) associated with aortic regurgitation (AR) is a rare
      involvement in Takayasu arteritis. There are many difficult problems in surgical
      treatment of this lesion because of its inflammatory nature. We developed a
      composite graft repair technique to avoid complications associated with Bentall
      type procedures for treatment of AAE+AR. The technique consists of a double
      proximal suturing and direct coronary artery reimplantation as a Carrel patch
      without wrapping. Eight patients (one male, seven females) received this
      composite graft repair for treatment of AAE+AR due to Takayasu arteritis. Of
      them, two patients were in active phase. There was one hospital death probably
      due to ventricular arrhythmia, however, no late death occurred. And there were no
      late complications related to operative procedures. Thus, our composite graft
      repair technique for treatment of AAE+AR in Takayasu arteritis can prevent major
      complications associated with Bentall type procedures. However, close serial
      follow-up, careful control of inflammation, and early detection and treatment of
      other vascular involvements are necessary in the postoperative management of
      patients with Takayasu arteritis.

PMID- 9951821
TI  - Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty in aortoarteritis.
AB  - Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) was performed in 26 patients
      with aortoarteritis, including unilateral renal artery stenosis in ten patients,
      bilateral renal artery stenosis in 16 patients. The total of 37 stenotic artery
      were performed by PTRA. Among them, 30 stenosis (81.1 per cent) were technically
      successful, three stenosis (8.1 per cent) were technically improved, and four
      stenosis were resistant to dilatation. The blood pressure responses were observed
      after PTRA, including cured in 17 patients (65.4 per cent), improved in five
      patients (19.2 per cent), failed in four patients (15.4 per cent). Sixteen
      patients after successful angioplasty were followed-up from 6 months to 15 years
      (average 5.4 years). The blood pressure was still normal in 12 patients (75 per
      cent). The blood pressure gradually increased may be due to restenosis in four
      patients (25 per cent).

PMID- 9951822
TI  - Stent supported angioplasty in Takayasu arteritis.
AB  - Eleven patients with Takayasu Arteritis (TA) underwent angioplasty and stent
      placement in aorta, renal, carotid, subclavian and coronary arteries. Five wall
      stents were deployed in aorta in four patients. Indications for angioplasty and
      stent placement in aorta included hypertension in four patients and claudication
      and erectile impotence in one patient each. Post-procedure the peak systolic
      pressure gradient across the stenotic segment in the aorta disappeared. Six
      patients underwent angioplasty and stent placement in carotid arteries.
      Indications were syncope in 6 patients, loss of vision, stroke, transient
      ischaemic attack and seizures in one patients each. There was a marked
      improvement in symptoms in the patients following the procedure. For chronic
      total occlusion of subclavian arteries, two stents were deployed in two patients.
      Following the stent placement pulses in upper limb reappeared. Stents were also
      deployed to treat near total occlusion of right coronary artery and flow limited
      dissection of renal artery in one patient each. Complications of the procedure
      included pain in the back, mild hypertension, transient bradycardia and
      conduction block in one patient each. In conclusion, the stenotic and
      obliterative vascular lesions in TA can be managed successfully with angioplasty
      and stent placement. A long term follow up is required to determine the re
      stenosis rate.

PMID- 9951823
TI  - Atypical Takayasu arteritis: late onset and arthritic manifestations: report of
      two cases.
AB  - We recently experienced two cases of Takayasu arteritis rendered atypical by late
      onset (over 60 years of age) of disease, involvement of distal branch arteries,
      and association with rheumatoid arthritis. In both cases, roentgenologic
      examination revealed typical appearance of the abdominal aorta and stenosis of
      the subclavian artery entirely compatible with Takayasu arteritis. In addition,
      Case 1 had occlusive lesions of the superficial femoral arteries and Case 2
      manifested occlusion of the axillary artery. Laboratory findings showed increased
      ESR and CRP but negative HLA B52 locus. Both cases showed arthritis symptoms with
      swelling, pain, and tenderness in joints. Case 1 did not manifest erosive lesions
      and positive RA test; Case 2 showed roentgenologic erosive lesions in hand joints
      with positive RA test. A surgical specimen from the femoral artery of Case 1
      showed lesions suggesting Takayasu arteritis. Based upon these findings, we
      diagnosed the two patients as having atypical Takayasu arteritis with late middle
      age onset and arthritic manifestations.

PMID- 9951824
TI  - Subclavian steal syndrome secondary to Takayasu arteritis.
AB  - We present a case of 'subclavian steal syndrome' secondary to Takayasu arteritis,
      in a 32-year-old, Japanese woman, whose clinical manifestations result from
      severe ocular and brain ischemia, refractory to high dose systemic
      corticosteroids. Surgical management using two bypass-grafts was carried out. The
      first one, a GoreTex, 8 mm in diameter, thin wall, stretch type with ring-bypass
      graft, from the left external iliac artery to the ipsilateral axillary artery.
      The second one, an autologous reverse saphenous vein graft from the left
      subclavian artery to the ipsilateral common carotid artery. The result was a
      remarkable improvement of the patient's general condition and symptoms. Patency
      of the extra-anatomic conduits was established by digital subtraction angiography
      (DSA), and transcranial Doppler evaluation, as well as flow velocity assessment
      revealed an objective improvement of the blood supply to the ischemic areas. The
      present surgical approach was justified since the inflammatory process extended
      to the aortic arch. The development of new and efficient operatory techniques,
      and continuous improvement of the graft-materials provide better expectations for
      the long-term outcome of refractory syndromes.

PMID- 9951825
TI  - Pathology and pathogenesis of Buerger's disease.
AB  - Since Buerger's disease, which is also called 'thromboangiitis obliterans', was
      proposed in 1908 (Buerger, Am J Med Soc 1908;136:567), more cases have been
      reported from the United States, Europe, and especially from the Orient. However
      the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclarified, and its acceptance as a
      specific disease entity has been disputed (Gore and Burrows, Am J Clin Pathol
      1958;29:319; Wessler et al., N Engl J Med 1960;262:1149). We histologically
      examined the surgically resected arterial specimens from 113 cases, 109 males and
      four females, clinically diagnosed as Buerger's disease in 1975-1976 and reported
      the results in 1978 (Kurozumi and Tanaka, Vasc Surg 1978;12:63) and proposed that
      the term 'Buerger's disease' should be replaced by 'Buerger's syndrome'. We
      reexamined the above-mentioned cases and will report the pathology and propose
      the possible pathogenesis of Buerger's disease.

PMID- 9951826
TI  - Diagnostic criteria of Buerger's disease.
AB  - After many changes, Buerger's disease stands as an independent clinicopathologic
      entity, but a better understanding of Buerger's disease has been impeded by the
      lack of unanimous diagnostic criteria of the disease. Since specificity of
      Buerger's disease is characterized by peripheral ischemia of an inflammatory
      nature and with a self-limiting course, diagnostic criteria of Buerger's disease
      should be discussed from clinical point of view. Our clinical criteria for the
      diagnosis of Buerger's disease are: (1) smoking history; (2) onset before the age
      of 50 years; (3) infrapopliteal arterial occlusions; (4) either upper limb
      involvement or phlebitis migrans; and (5) absence of atherosclerotic risk factors
      other than smoking. Confident clinical diagnosis of Buerger's disease may be made
      only when all five requirements have been fulfilled. A set of strict and well
      defined clinical diagnostic criteria is essential for any study of Buerger's
      disease to ensure the homogeneity of the selected patient population for valid
      comparisons.

PMID- 9951827
TI  - Visceral intestinal Buerger's disease.
AB  - Buerger's disease is a non-arteriosclerotic, segmental, progressive, inflammatory
      vaso-occlusive disease of unknown etiology. Buerger's disease occurs almost
      exclusively in susceptible young men who are habitual tobacco users; usually with
      onset of symptoms before the age of 40 years. Buerger's disease affects both
      arteries and veins of principally lower and upper limbs and, rarely, of the
      viscera. To date, only 16 confirmed cases of visceral-intestinal Buerger's
      disease have been reported in the English-language literature; and all 16
      patients were men. We describe here, for the first time, two young women with
      intestinal Buerger's disease who died of complications of ischemic bowel disease.

PMID- 9951828
TI  - Buerger's disease with intestinal involvement.
AB  - Here I describe three cases of intestinal Buerger's disease and review previously
      reported cases. All patients had involvement of the extremities and clinical
      manifestations of Buerger's disease. Occlusive changes in intestinal arteries
      also occurred, in both the presence and absence of abdominal symptoms. Intestinal
      Buerger's disease may be asymptomatic, acute, or chronic, and treatment varies
      according to the type of disease.

PMID- 9951829
TI  - Buerger's disease at the 'San Juan De Dios' Hospital, Santa Fe De Bogota,
      Colombia.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To know the clinical characteristics in the presentation of Buerger's
      disease in San Juan de Dios Hospital, Bogota, Colombia, between 1986 and 1996,
      and compare them with a previous series from the same Hospital and another
      reported in international literature; To determine the changes in the form of
      appearance of the disease. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical information of 22
      patients with diagnosis of Buerger's disease, observed between 1986 and 1993, and
      we added the information of the clinical histories of eight other patients with
      equal diagnosis, observed between 1994 and 1996 in our Unit. RESULTS: We observed
      30 patients: 28 men (93%) and two women (7%), with a ratio M:F of 14:1, with an
      average age of 39+10 years (range from 18 to 52 years). Sixty percent were
      younger than 40 years and only the 10% were older than 50 years. The most
      frequent reasons for consultation were: pain in rest in the affected extremity,
      gangrene and ulceration in more than 50%. Raynaud's phenomenon in 30%, and the
      related surgical history in 40%. The pedal pulse was the most compromised
      followed by popliteal, poster or tibial and femoral. We did not observe the
      presence of thrombophlebitis. Eighty percent showed compromise of more than one
      extremity. All of them were active smokers. Three patients showed IgG
      anticardiolipine antibodies at high level. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical
      characteristics are similar to those reported, we find also a reduction of the
      disease diagnosis. It calls to our attention that no thrombophlebitis was found
      in the present series and the less compromise of the upper extremities with a
      frequent femoral compromise. All this points toward a change in the natural
      history of the disease.

PMID- 9951830
TI  - The change in concept and surgical treatment on Buerger's disease--personal
      experience and review.
AB  - Buerger's disease was originally described by Leo Buerger in 1908 as
      thromboangitis obliterance and has been considered as one of the most intractable
      vasculitis syndromes in our country. This lesion is popularly seen in male young
      generation with a background history of heavy smoking. Buerger's disease in Japan
      has been frequently seen in our practice; however, it is noted that there have
      been certain definitive changes in relation to number of patients, clinical
      manifestation as well as course of treatment in particular in surgical treatment.
      Firstly, the number of patients who visited at outpatient clinic as well as to
      admit hospital has been sharply declined. Secondly, the number of surgical
      treatments of Buerger's disease have also decreased. The sympathectomy, mainly
      lumbal sympathectomy, which was maintained at about 15 to 20% of the number of
      patients admitted, was virtually abolished from the practice and mainly converted
      to the medical and pharmacological treatment by prostaglandin. The reliability of
      pharmacological sympathectomy is one of the other reasons which contributed to
      the shift of treatment. It is also our impression that the severity of the
      disease itself has been changed, in other words, we do not frequently see very
      severely ill patients. As far as surgery is concerned the important modality in
      the treatment for the advanced lesion of Buerger's disease is mainly confined in
      small arteries with multisegmental occlusion. As a consequence, the surgical
      reconstructive procedures are technically difficult and long term patency rate is
      considered to be low. As far as our experience is concerned, it is noted that the
      number of bypass surgery was most frequently seen at below trifurcation segment
      of knee joint; in other words, peripheral, distal type bypass was the most
      popular, followed by above knee segment. The reconstructive surgery at femoral
      region was least frequently seen. On the other hand, the patency rate of bypass
      graft was higher in the proximal segment in comparison to the distal segment.
      Although the number of arterial reconstructive procedures has been definitively
      declined, as was seen in sympathectomy surgery. It is difficult to predict
      accurately what kind of factors are affecting or contributing to the change in
      concept in Buerger's disease as well as the course of treatment, it is suggested
      that the environmental factors may playing a major role for the modification of
      disease process.

PMID- 9951831
TI  - Immunogenetic analysis of Buerger's disease in India.
AB  - In order to understand the role of HLA linked factors in determining
      susceptibility to Buerger's disease, we have studied 21 unrelated Asian Indian
      patients belonging to the North Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh
      and Delhi, representing mainly a lower socioeconomic background. The data was
      compared with healthy controls belonging to the same ethnic group. The study
      revealed an over representation of HLA-B40 (60+61) (chi2=6.12; P<0.02) and DR2
      (chi2=10.2; P<0.002). Amongst the patients no particular association or linkage
      disequilibrium with any of the five alleles of the MIC-A gene could be derived in
      the small sample size studied.

PMID- 9951832
TI  - Takayasu arteritis and Buerger disease III. The International Conference on
      Takayasu arteritis and Buerger disease. 4-6 November, 1997. General discussion.

PMID- 9951834
TI  - Distribution of interstitial telomere-related sequences in the human genome and
      their relationship with fragile sites.
AB  - Using a computer search in the mapped human genome, we could show that
      interstitial telomere-related sequences are clustered in R-bands, and, in some
      cases, coexist with mapped fragile sites. We speculate that this association
      could predispose to chromosome fragility and recombination.

PMID- 9951833
TI  - Effects of ultraviolet C radiation on cellular proliferation in p53-/-
      keratinocytes.
AB  - Skin cancer is the most common tumor type in Caucasians, with an incidence that
      approaches the lifetime risk for all other cancer subtypes combined. The most
      common predisposing factor is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation present in
      sunlight. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of UVC on
      the proliferation of a p53-/- human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, and how UVC
      alters the response of these cells to transforming growth factors (TGF)-alpha and
      TGF-beta1. UVC treatment during G0/G1 phase resulted in decreased incorporation
      of [3H]thymidine, an effect that was enhanced by pretreatment with TGF-beta1.
      However, irradiation of HaCaT cells in S or G2/M phase had no effect on the
      incorporation of [3H]thymidine, suggesting that these cells failed to undergo
      G2/M arrest in response to UV-mediated DNA damage. UVC had no effect on TGF-beta1
      mediated growth inhibition, but decreased the mitogenic response of HaCaT cells
      to TGF-alpha. Seven days after irradiation, there were no differences between the
      number of cells that were exposed to UVC and those that were not, suggesting that
      the effects of UVC on proliferation of HaCaT cells was transient. These results
      suggested that UVC did not stimulate proliferation of p53-/- HaCaT cells, or
      cause cell cycle arrest in G2/M, which would allow transmission of chromosomal
      damage to daughter cells during M phase. Failure of the G2/M cell cycle
      checkpoint may be one of the mechanisms by which p53 results in genomic
      instability.

PMID- 9951835
TI  - Telomerase activity in radiation-induced chronic human skin ulcers.
AB  - An increasing activity of telomerase is considered to be a reliable molecular
      biological marker for malignancy. There is much research work on telomerase
      detection in malignant tumors, but no such investigation was carried out in
      chronic skin ulcers induced by radiation. We investigated the levels of
      telomerase activity in radiation-induced chronic human skin ulcers and the
      possible relationship between the enzyme and cancer transformation. We used the
      nonisotopic telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) in 20 cases of chronic
      human skin ulcers induced by radiation, 5 cases of normal skin, 2 of burned skin,
      and 5 of carcinoma. Our results showed that the positive rate for telomerase
      activity was 30% in chronic radiation skin ulcers, 0% in normal and burned skin,
      and 100% in carcinoma. The telomerase activity in radiation ulcers was weaker
      than that detected in carcinoma. We suggest that the telomerase activity assay
      could be used as a marker for predicting the prognosis and the effect of
      treatment in chronic human skin ulcers induced by radiation.

PMID- 9951836
TI  - Induction of micronuclei in human lymphocytes by organic solvents in vitro.
AB  - Our work is focused on identifying micronuclei (MN) induced in whole blood
      lymphocyte cultures after treatment with the organic solvents toluene, benzene,
      and acetone. We used the micronucleus test as a cytogenetic biomarker for
      genotoxicity and treated whole blood cultures with different concentrations of
      these solvents (0.1 to 5 mM) and mixtures of them (toluene plus acetone, toluene
      plus benzene). Our results did not show a significant increase in the number of
      micronuclei in binucleated lymphocytes after 48 hr of in vitro treatment. The
      addition of an external metabolic factor (10% S9 mix for 2 hr) in blood cultures
      treated with the organic solvents or their mixtures did not cause induction of
      MN. These results indicate the lack of genotoxic activity of toluene, benzene,
      and acetone in vitro.

PMID- 9951838
TI  - The distribution of selenium levels in Saudi dairy farms: a preliminary report
      from Al-Kharj.
AB  - A survey was undertaken within four dairy farms in Al-Kharj area, Saudi Arabia,
      to measure the selenium (Se) content in the soil, alfalfa, and water samples.
      Selenium was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission
      Spectrometry. Selenium content in the studied soil samples was low, and, in some
      farms, the Se content of alfalfa approached that in the low-Se zone in China.
      This may be reflected in the dietary Se-intake level of the Saudi population with
      an increased risk for developing Se deficiency-associated diseases. We suggest
      that extensive surveys of the Se status should be carried out in Saudi Arabia.
      Moreover, Se supplementation of the soil may be advisable.

PMID- 9951837
TI  - The effects of cadmium on the hepatic and renal levels of reduced glutathione,
      the activity of glutathione S-transferase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase.
AB  - Cadmium chloride, injected subcutaneously in mice at doses of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0
      mg/Kg body weight, resulted in the alteration of body weight and relative liver
      and kidney weights, the hepatic and renal reduced glutathione levels, and the
      activity of the enzymes glutathione S-transferase and gamma-glutamyl
      transpeptidase in a dose-dependent manner. Body weight increased insignificantly
      with dosage, but significant elevations in relative liver weight (29% of control)
      and particularly in kidney weight (93% of control) were documented in the cases
      that received the highest dose of cadmium chloride (2.0 mg/Kg body weight). The
      treatment significantly lowered hepatic and renal reduced glutathione levels and
      glutathione S-transferase activity. On the other hand, the gamma-glutamyl
      transpeptidase activity was found to increase significantly after treatment, with
      the highest values in the liver (137% of control) and in the kidneys (204% of
      control). We found that cadmium chloride at 2.0 mg/Km body weight produced the
      greatest changes in the abovementioned parameters. A significant correlation (r)
      was observed in some cases among the abovementioned biomolecules between, as well
      as within, the organs. The present study showed that the effects of cadmium could
      be correlated with a decreased level of reduced glutathione and glutathione S
      transferase activity and an increased activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
      in liver and kidney.

PMID- 9951840
TI  - Diagnosis of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in
      gastroendoscopic biopsy specimens.
AB  - We evaluated the diagnostic criteria of gastric lymphoma in endoscopic biopsies.
      METHODS: Our study included cases diagnosed as lymphoma by gastroendoscopic
      biopsy between 1984 and 1994 that were available in the files of the Department
      of Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital. RESULTS: Among 53,400 cases of
      gastroendoscopy, we found 1672 (3%) cases of malignant neoplasm that were
      diagnosed by endoscopic features and histological findings. Thirty-eight cases of
      primary gastric lymphoma included 22 men and 16 women 16 to 82 years old, with a
      median age of 47.7. The endoscopy showed the ulcerative type in 12 cases, diffuse
      infiltrating type in 11 cases, massive infiltrating type in 6 cases, and large
      mucosal folds type in 4 cases. Five cases had a mixed type pattern of
      involvement. Histologically, 34 cases showed mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
      lymphoma (89.5%), 2 cases had lymphoblastic lymphoma, and 2 cases were
      unclassifiable because of crush artifact of neoplastic cells. The majority of
      cases of primary gastric lymphoma have morphologic and clinical features that
      justify their inclusion in the category of low-grade lymphoma of mucosa
      associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).

PMID- 9951839
TI  - Passive dosimetry as an alternative technique to dynamic enrichment of organic
      pollutants of indoor air.
AB  - Evaluation of the quality of indoor air was carried out in 20 apartments, 3
      offices, and 3 laboratories in the Tricity area in Poland with reference to
      concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as benzene,
      toluene, butyl acetate, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, styrene, and m-dichlorobenzene.
      The time dependence of concentrations of selected VOCs in a newly erected
      building was studied. Two different techniques were used for the isolation and
      preconcentration of analytes from air samples: a passive method employing a home
      made permeation-type passive sampler and a dynamic method based on a sorption
      tube. In both cases, activated charcoal was used as a sorption medium (trap
      packing). The sorption tube was used to validate the results obtained by the
      passive method, as well. In the majority of dwellings examined, the
      concentrations of air pollutants were relatively low and did not exceed the MAC
      values. No significant differences were observed between MAC concentrations
      determined by using the passive or the dynamic method of air sampling. The
      results obtained by both sampling methods were characterized by similar
      precision.

PMID- 9951841
TI  - Histopathological changes in hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic arterial
      embolization.
AB  - Hepatic arterial embolization (HAE) is used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma
      (HCC), but little is known about the histopathological changes occurring after
      HAE. Thirty-nine cases of liver neoplasms treated with HAE and 11 cases of liver
      neoplasms after digital selective angiography (DSA) were analyzed
      histopathologically. The pathological type, histological grade, degree of
      necrosis, capsular changes, number of HAE, vessel injury, and lymphocytic
      infiltration were recorded. Six cases showed 100% necrosis, 14 cases had 30 to
      95% necrosis, and 19 cases 0 to 5% necrosis after HAE. Eleven cases of DSA did
      not reveal histological features of necrosis. The necrosis was related to the
      pathological type of tumor, encapsulation, and degree of vascular injury and was
      independent of histological grade, number of HAE, or lymphocytic infiltration of
      the neoplasm. HAE is an effective therapy for advanced stage of HCC. The
      encapsulated HCC is a preferred indicator for HAE.

PMID- 9951843
TI  - Effect of malathion, an organophosphorus pesticide, on the serum proteins of
      Heteropneustes fossilis (BLOCH).
AB  - The use of pesticides to control pests and to increase food production is a
      normal process in this modern age. The objective of this study was to determine
      changes in different serum protein fractions caused by the action of malathion, a
      commonly used pesticide. We used Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. The
      fish were exposed to a sublethal dose of 4 mg/L of malathion for 24, 48, 72, and
      96 hr. The LC50 value at 96 hr was found to be 11.676 mg/L. The results showed
      the formation of three low and four high mobility fractions and the disappearance
      of some protein fractions at different periods of exposure. The appearance of
      fractions A, B, and C (low-mobility proteins) may be due to altered immune
      responses caused by cellular damage. The appearance of new high-mobility
      fractions (D, E, F, and G) is possibly due to the breakdown of red blood cells
      and other cellular components. The findings of this study indicate that the high
      concentration of malathion (4 mg/L) induced more alterations in serum proteins
      compared with the low concentration (1.2 mg/L) used in our previous study.

PMID- 9951842
TI  - Effect of cocaine on testicular blood flow in rats: evaluation by percutaneous
      injection of xenon-133.
AB  - PURPOSE: Cocaine abuse has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. Our
      recent study has shown that cocaine has adverse action on spermatogenesis and
      fertility in male rats. The indirect action of cocaine occurs by blocking the
      reuptake of neurotransmitter, which causes local vasoconstriction. In this study
      we evaluate blood flow to the testes after subcutaneous injection of cocaine to
      male rats. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two main groups.
      The treatment group received subcutaneous cocaine (30 mg/kg body weight) and the
      control animals received normal saline. Xenon-133 wash out experiments were
      carried out on testes at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90 min and 4.5 hours after
      injection of cocaine or normal saline. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS V.
      7.S for windows. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS:
      There was a reduction in testicular blood flow after cocaine administration to
      male rats. This vasoconstrictor effect was most pronounced at 15 min after
      injection of cocaine and persisted up to 60 min. At 90 min, the early restitution
      of blood flow to ischemic tissue occurred. There was a significant increase in
      testicular blood flow in cocaine-treated groups than in the control group during
      restitution phases at 90 min. At 4.5 hours, there was no difference in blood flow
      in both groups. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that cocaine, when given
      subcutaneously at a 30 mg/kg body weight dose, results in prolonged
      vasoconstriction of the blood vessels to the testes. Adverse effects of cocaine
      on the testes may be in part due to ischemic and postischemic reperfusion injury
      to the organ.

PMID- 9951844
TI  - Clinical trials of HCC in Taiwan.
AB  - Tumors of the liver represent one of the most common malignancies in the world.
      Little has changed in the past 5 years to alter the statistics. Published census
      from the Department of Health in Taiwan, 1993, showed that cancer death was
      107/100,000 population. Hepatoma is the number one cause of cancer death with
      24.05/100,000 population. It increased 11.23% in comparison with last year's
      survey. About 5,000 people die from hepatoma each year in Taiwan. Both case
      control studies and cohort studies have shown a strong association between
      chronic hepatitis B carriage rate and an increased incidence of hepatocellular
      carcinoma (HCC). Although up to a 200-fold excess incidence of HCC was found in
      Taiwan, the association of chronic hepatitis B virus in different populations of
      Southeast Asia who have HCC is somewhat varied. Many treatment modalities for
      hepatoma have been attempted. Chemotherapy is usually given to patients with
      metastatic disease or for persistent or recurrent disease. The consensus is that
      no single drug or combination of drugs given systemically leads to a reproducible
      response rate of more than 25% or has any effect on survival, or survival beyond
      that of untreated control. The identification of new, effective chemotherapy
      drugs and other modality treatments for advanced stage HCC is urgently required.
      We report here the results regarding response rates, toxicities, and survivals of
      14 on-going and finished Phase I, II and III clinical trials on hepatoma. These
      include chemotherapy and/or biological modifier, radioisotope, hormone, and
      hepatic infusion. Nine future therapies and gene therapies will also be
      discussed.

PMID- 9951845
TI  - Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma?
AB  - The worldwide experience of the largest transplant programs with hepatic
      resection and liver transplantation for primary hepatic cancer are reviewed. The
      pros and cons for resection as well as for transplantation are presented. The
      choice between resection or transplantation may depend upon the geographic
      location of the individual patient, their financial resources, the availability
      of specific surgical expertise, as well as a panoply of medical/surgical factors
      that define what can or cannot be accomplished. In the absence of limiting
      factors, transplantation appears to be the surgical method of choice for small
      neoplastic lesions less than 5 cm in diameter, particularly when the number of
      lesions is small (< or = 3) and the cancer occurs in the setting of cirrhosis.
      Surgical resection is the preferred procedure for larger lesions and for those
      occurring in individuals without confounding cirrhosis.

PMID- 9951846
TI  - Pre-operative chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic
      patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical and pathological
      effects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) before surgical
      resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhosis (55 patients); results
      were compared with a group of 45 patients undergoing surgical resection without
      TACE. METHODOLOGY: From March 1989 to December 1997, 55 cirrhotic patients,
      affected by surgically resectable HCC not larger than 5 cm with unifocal or
      bifocal tumor lesions, underwent TACE pre-operatively. RESULTS: Massive necrosis
      was observed in 26%, necrosis > 50% in 38% of lesions. Neoplastic cells were
      found in 47% of cases within the capsule or in the pericapsular tissue. Satellite
      nodules showed a low rate of necrosis. Mortality and morbidity in the pre
      operative TACE group were 1.8% and 29%, respectively, and 4.4% and 33%,
      respectively, in the control group. One-, 3- and 5-year patient survival rates
      were 87%, 70% and 39%, respectively, versus 79%, 38% and 19%, respectively
      (p<0.02), in the control group. Disease-free survival was 40% and 28% at 3 years
      and 5 years with pre-operative TACE versus 20% and 11% (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pre
      operative TACE can be performed with low morbidity. TACE can necrotize the main
      lesion and temporarily arrest portal diffusion of neoplastic cells by acting on
      microvascular infiltration. No evident effect on satellites and pericapsular
      neoplastic foci was observed. The long-term patients and disease-free survival
      rates were improved upon.

PMID- 9951847
TI  - Biochemical modulation of doxorubicin by high-dose tamoxifen in the treatment of
      advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: In vitro data have indicated that tamoxifen (> 2.5 uM)
      significantly enhances the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin in hepatocellular
      carcinoma (HCC) cells. This clinical study was conducted to examine whether
      tamoxifen, at a dose sufficient to result in a plasma concentration of more than
      2.5 uM, may improve the therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin in patients with
      advanced HCC. METHODOLOGY: A prospective phase II study was conducted. Eligible
      patients had unresectable and non-embolizable HCC, objectively measurable tumors,
      adequate neogram with absolute granulocyte count > 2,000/mm3 and platelet count >
      1 x 10/mm3, total serum bilirubin < 3.0 mg/dl, age > or = 75 year, and a
      Karnofsky performance status < or = 50%. The treatment included oral tamoxifen 40
      mg/m2, q.i.d, Day 1 to 7, and intravenous doxorubicin 60 mg/m2, Day 4, repeated
      every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Between May 1994 and December 1996, a total of 38
      patients were enrolled in the study. Thirty-six patients were evaluable for tumor
      response and treatment-related toxicities. There were 32 men and 4 women, with a
      median age of 49 years. They received an average of 3.8 (range:1-12) courses of
      chemotherapy. ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) Grade 3-4 leucopenia and
      Grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia developed in 27.2% and 12.5% courses given,
      respectively. Gastrointestinal toxicity was generally mild. Three patients
      developed symptomatic cardiac toxicity. Twelve patients (33.3%, 95% confidence
      interval 17-51%) had achieved a partial remission (PR), with a median progression
      free survival of 7 months. Median survivals of the responders and non-responders
      were 10 and 3 months, respectively (p<0.05). The median Karnofsky performance
      status of the responders improved from 74.0+/-6.3% to a post-chemotherapy value
      of 93.2+/-4.6% (p<0.05) CONCLUSIONS: High dose tamoxifen appears to be an
      effective biochemical modulator of doxorubicin in the treatment of HCC.
      Prospective randomized phase III studies comparing doxorubicin alone versus
      doxorubicin plus high-dose tamoxifen are needed.

PMID- 9951848
TI  - Efficacy of repeated percutaneous isolated liver chemoperfusion in local control
      of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Percutaneous isolated liver chemoperfusion (PILP) with hepatic
      venous isolation and charcoal hemoperfusion (HVI-CHP) enables high-dose
      intraarterial infusion of cytotoxic agents while reducing systemic toxicity. We
      report here the effect of repeated PILP with HVI-CHP on local control of
      unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODOLOGY: After placement of a
      hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) catheter, a 4-lumen-2-balloon catheter (24F) was
      introduced into the retrohepatic inferior vena cava through the femoral vein, and
      the balloons were inflated to accomplish HVI. During HAI of adriamycin (60-150
      mg/m2), total hepatic venous outflow was captured via fenestrations of one major
      lumen between the balloons and pumped out into CHP filters. The filtered blood
      was returned to the right atrium through the end opening of another major lumen
      of the catheter. Of 30 patients, 8 had repeated PILP in a range of 2-4
      treatments, and 22 had a single treatment. RESULTS: Eleven (52%) of 21 evaluable
      patients in the single PILP group and 7 out of 8 patients (88%) in the repeated
      PILP group had partial or complete response. Median durations of response in
      responding patients were 6 and 21 months in the single and the repeated PILP
      groups, respectively (p=0.02). The 1- and 2-year survival rates (single vs.
      repeated) were 57% vs 88%, and 29% vs 70%, respectively (p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS:
      Repeated PILP could be performed safely in patients with advanced HCC and
      significantly prolonged the duration of remission in patients with unresectable
      HCC.

PMID- 9951849
TI  - An introduction to mucin-producing tumors of the pancreas: why they deserve more
      attention.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Mucin-producing tumors of the pancreas are clinically
      characterized by dilatation of the major pancreatic duct due to pooled mucin, and
      by dilatation of the orifice of the duodenal papilla. The concept of mucin
      producing tumors of the pancreas was proposed in 1982, but has undergone revision
      since then. METHODOLOGY: The present paper reviews the history, classification,
      and description of mucin-producing tumors of the pancreas. Problems relating to
      this type of tumor are also discussed. RESULTS: The clinical concept of mucin
      producing tumors of the pancreas has affected studies of the pancreatic diseases
      in many areas. First, when recognition of pancreatic cancer with a relatively
      good prognosis commenced, this concept led to awareness of the necessity for a
      detailed examination of the pancreatic duct epitheliums in cases of suspected
      pancreatic carcinoma. Second, the concept made it easier to diagnose carcinoma in
      situ. Third, new classifications of cystic lesions of the pancreas were
      initiated. Fourth, a molecular biological view of the onset of pancreatic cancer
      was developed. Pathologically, this type of tumor is characterized by papillary
      growth of the epitheliums within the pancreatic duct, and it has been regarded as
      having a good prognosis. The term mucin-producing tumors of the pancreas now
      includes: intraductal papillary tumors which are non-invasive carcinomas or
      carcinoma in situ; duct-ectatic tumors, or mucinous cystic tumors; and, invasive
      carcinomas, derived from the former types. CONCLUSIONS: The definition of "mucin
      producing tumor of the pancreas" has been undergoing revision. In the past, it
      has referred to pancreatic tumors with a good prognosis. It is now time to
      consider a more detailed classification.

PMID- 9951850
TI  - Observations on the etiology and pathogenesis of intraductal papillary-mucinous
      neoplasms of the pancreas.
AB  - During the last two decades, intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms have been
      recognised as a group that should be distinguished from ductal adenocarcinomas.
      The literature for these tumors is confusing with the use of many different terms
      such as mucinous duct ectasia and, sometimes, there is a failure to distinguish
      them from mucinous cystic tumors. The recognition and apparently increasing
      incidence of these neoplasms is perhaps entirely attributable to improved
      diagnostic and imaging methods such as endoscopic retrograde pancreatography and
      computerized tomography. Experimental, molecular, and epidemiologic data suggest
      that the etiology of IPMN overlaps that of solid ductal adenocarcinomas.

PMID- 9951851
TI  - Clinicopathologic view of intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor of the pancreas.
AB  - Intraductal papillary-mucinous tumors (IPMTs) of the pancreas form a special
      group of neoplasms characterized by intraductal papillary growth of mucin
      producing columnar cells. Included among these neoplasms are papillary and
      villous adenomas, lesions with mucinous duct ectasia and mucin-producing
      carcinomas. Most patients are males and present with episodic pancreatitis-like
      symptoms, which may have been noted for years. These symptoms are due to
      incomplete and later complete duct obstruction by papillary proliferations and/or
      mucin, which eventually cause fibrotic atrophy of the normal parenchyma. At the
      time of diagnosis, malignant non-invasive IPMTs are observed in 5-30% of the
      cases. Fifteen to forty percent of the IPMTs show invasion and half of the
      invasive IPMTs have metastases. Pre-operatively, invasiveness cannot be
      predicted. Patients with non-invasive IPMT survive for long periods after
      surgery, as do many patients with invasive, non-metastatic IPMT, although
      intraductal proliferation with a mild degree of atypia may be present at the
      resection margin. In patients with invasive and metastatic IPMT, survival ranges
      from a few months up to 3 years.

PMID- 9951852
TI  - Diagnosis of mucin-producing tumor of the pancreas by balloon-catheter endoscopic
      retrograde pancreatography--compression study.
AB  - The procedure of choice for the treatment of mucin-producing pancreatic tumor
      (MPPT) remains controversial, since it includes not only malignant but also
      benign lesions. The purpose of the present study was to characterize 53
      consecutive cases of MPPT and to elucidate the characteristics of benign or
      malignant MPPT according to the findings of an improved method of endoscopic
      retrograde pancreatography (ERP), namely balloon-catheter ERP-compression study
      (balloon ERP-CS), as well as endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), in comparison with
      a histological examination. There were 37 male and 16 female cases with a median
      age of 63+/-11 (mean+/-SD). The balloon ERP-CS was performed in all cases, and
      the obtained pancreatograms were classified into two types: Main Duct type and
      Branch Duct type. The latter was further divided into subtypes A and B. The
      Branch Duct A type showed only cystic dilatation of the branch duct. If the main
      pancreatic duct downstream to a cyst showed more than a 5 mm dilatation, this was
      classified as a Branch Duct B type. Seventeen out of 19 Main duct types (89%)
      were histologically diagnosed as neoplasms including 13 lesions of cancer and 4
      of adenoma. All the Branch Duct A type cases were diagnosed as hyperplasias. 23
      Branch Duct B type cases contained 7 cancers, 8 adenomas, and 8 hyperplasias. In
      the Main Duct type, benign or malignant, the diagnostic ability of balloon ERP-CS
      was calculated as sensitivity 100%, specificity 40%, and accuracy 84%; in the
      Branch Duct type, sensitivity 73%, specificity 86%, and accuracy 82%. On EUS, it
      was found that the size of the tumor in the cyst, with respect to the maximum
      diameter as well as height, correlated well with the grade of malignancy. All
      tumors (n=35) greater than 20 mm in diameter were found to be cancerous. These
      findings indicate that the MPPT is highly suggestive of neoplasms when the
      dilatation of the main pancreatic duct is detected by balloon ERP-CS and when, in
      a case without dilatation of the main pancreatic duct, a nodular lesion greater
      than 10 mm in diameter is identified in the cyst by balloon ERP-CS as well as
      EUS. Our current patient management strategy for operations is as follows: Main
      Duct type patients and Branch Duct type patients with a nodular defect detected
      by balloon ERP-CS and with an elevation of more than 10 mm in EUS should have an
      operation. Other Branch Duct type patients without main pancreatic duct
      dilatation are followed up by balloon ERP-CS.

PMID- 9951853
TI  - Mucin-producing tumor of the pancreas--intraluminal ultrasonography.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Many patients with mucin-producing pancreatic tumor,
      characterized by dilatation of the pancreatic duct, are diagnosed by conventional
      ultrasonography in a mass ultrasonographic survey in Japan. It is a necessary and
      reliable method for making a precise diagnosis and for deciding on the treatment
      approach. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is appreciated as a useful method for
      precise diagnosis of pancreatic tumors. Intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) is
      expected to be a new modality for the more detailed diagnosis of pancreatic
      tumors. METHODOLOGY: Endoscopic ultrasonography and intraductal ultrasonography
      were performed in 23 patients with mucin-producing pancreatic tumor. The
      differences in ultrasonographic findings between benign and malignant tumors were
      studied. RESULTS: Ultrasonographic findings of mucin-producing pancreatic tumor
      revealed by EUS and IDUS were: cystic lesion, mural nodule in the cystic lesion,
      wall thickness of the cyst, mucus echoes, and solid tumor with a mixed echo
      pattern. Seven out of 11 patients with mural nodule were diagnosed as carcinomas
      and another 4 patients had adenoma. Seven of 8 patients with mucus echoes were
      diagnosed as carcinoma. Three of 4 patients with solid tumor were diagnosed as
      invasive carcinoma. The ultrasonographic findings suggesting malignancy were:
      mural nodule, irregular wall thickness, mucus echoes, and solid tumor with a
      mixed pattern. Solid tumor indicated invasive carcinoma exclusively. CONCLUSIONS:
      Intraluminal ultrasonography, EUS and IDUS are very useful in making a
      differential diagnosis between benign and malignant tumors in mucin-producing
      pancreatic tumors.

PMID- 9951854
TI  - Characteristics and treatment of mucin-producing tumor of the pancreas.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: There has been no thorough clinicopathological analysis of a
      large number of cases with mucin-producing tumor of the pancreas. The aim of this
      study was to investigate the clinicopathological features of and therapeutic
      strategy for this ailment. METHODOLOGY: Two hundred and fifty-nine cases of mucin
      producing tumor of the pancreas were analyzed clinicopathologically. RESULTS:
      Mucin-producing tumor of the pancreas was found in 177 males and 82 females
      (M:F=2.2:1). The mean age was 65.5 years. Jaundice, diabetes mellitus and a past
      history of pancreatitis were found in 15-19% of the cases. The tumor was most
      frequently (62%) found in the head of the pancreas. Pathologically, hyperplasia
      or adenoma was found in 58 cases, and adenocarcinoma in 160 cases. Five-year
      survival rate by the Kaplan-Meier method was 82.6% in all of the cases, and the
      post-operative survival curve was much better in cases with this type of
      carcinoma than in cases with ordinary pancreatic duct cell carcinoma (5-year
      survival rate: 17.3%). Organ-function preserving procedures, such as duodenum
      preserving subtotal resection of the head of the pancreas or spleen preserving
      distal pancreatectomy, might be recommended for this disease without
      infiltration. CONCLUSIONS: Mucin-producing tumor has unique clinicopathological
      characteristics, such as the dilated main pancreatic duct or branches, dilatation
      of the orifice of the papilla of Vater, or a good prognosis. Organ-function
      preserving procedures should be recommended in some cases with this ailment.

PMID- 9951855
TI  - Surgery for mucin-producing pancreatic tumor.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: There is a diversity of mucin-producing tumors of the pancreas,
      including benign adenoma, malignant intraductal papillary carcinoma and invasive
      papillary carcinoma. However, there has been little discussion of appropriate
      techniques for surgically treating these tumors. METHODOLOGY: From August 1981 to
      December 1997, surgery was performed on 24 patients with mucin-producing
      pancreatic tumors (18 cases were malignant and 6 were benign). The surgical
      techniques which were used, the results of surgery, and the post-operative course
      of the patients are discussed. RESULTS: Surgical resection was possible in 23
      patients and included: 4 cases of total pancreatectomy; 1 case of
      pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple's procedure); 1 case of Whipple's procedure with
      a transverse colectomy; 13 cases of pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy
      (PPPD); 2 cases of duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR); 1 case
      of resection of the posterior segment of the pancreas (posterior segmentectomy);
      and, 1 case of resection of the medial segment of the pancreas (medial
      segmentectomy). Surgical resection was also used for 17 (94.4%) of the 18
      patients with malignant tumor. There were no fatalities during or immediately
      following surgery. One patient developed transient duodenal stenosis after DPPHR.
      The 5-year survival rate after surgical resection was 68.4% for the 17 patients
      with malignant tumor. Mucus leaked from the pancreatic duct into the operating
      field of 1 patient during pancreatectomy. This patient died 7 months after
      surgery from a tumor metastasis of the thoracic mediastinal lymph nodes and
      peritoneal seeding. This episode illustrates the high risk associated with
      leakage of pancreatic duct mucus into the operating field. The longest surviving
      patient, 13 years and 11 months after total pancreatectomy, has good health and
      shows no signs of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis for surgically
      resectable mucin-producing pancreatic tumors is better than that for invasive
      pancreatic duct carcinoma. When treating mucin-producing pancreatic tumors
      surgically, techniques which allow preservation of pancreatic and gastroenteric
      functions should be selected when possible. These techniques include PPPD, DPPHR
      and pancreatic segmentectomy. A total pancreatectomy should only be selected in
      cases where cancer has invaded the entire pancreas (especially when cancer has
      invaded the duct within the pancreatic head, through the tail). It may also be
      used when residual cancer cells have been detected by intra-operative
      pathological examination at the distal stump of the pancreas. During surgery with
      any technique, leakage of pancreatic duct mucus into the operating field must be
      avoided.

PMID- 9951856
TI  - Anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union--an etiologic association of
      gallbladder cancer and adenomyomatosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union (APBDU) has been
      proposed as a risk factor of gallbladder cancer. To clarify the frequency and the
      subtype distribution of APBDU in patients with gallbladder cancer and
      adenomyomatosis, a retrospective study was performed. METHODOLOGY: The radiograms
      of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography of 680 patients with well
      documented biliary and pancreatic ducts from April 1992 to November 1996 were
      reviewed. The length of the common channel and insertion of the pancreatic duct
      and the bile duct were identified and recorded. RESULTS: Gallbladder cancer and
      adenomyomatosis were identified in 8 and 12 patients, respectively. Patients with
      gallbladder cancer were significantly older (mean age: 66.5 years, p<0.01) than
      those with gallbladder adenomyomatosis (mean age: 42.7 years). APBDU was noted in
      59 (8.7%) of 680 cases with complete pancreaticobiliary radiograms. Among them, 5
      of 8 patients with gallbladder cancer coexisted with APBDU. Four (80%) belonged
      to the P-B type. Six of 12 patients with gallbladder adenomyomatosis had APBDU.
      Five (83.3%) belonged to P-B type. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with gallbladder cancer
      and adenomyomatosis were frequently associated with APBDU. The close relationship
      and similar distribution of the P-B type of APBDU in both diseases suggest an
      etiologic association in various gallbladder diseases.

PMID- 9951857
TI  - Prospective randomized trial of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin C for
      non-resectable pancreatic and biliary carcinoma: multicenter randomized trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: The efficacy of combination chemotherapy, which consists of
      fluorouracil, doxorubicin and mitomycin, was compared with that of palliative
      surgery-only in patients (control) having non-resectable pancreatic and biliary
      carcinomas in a multicenter randomized trial. METHODOLOGY: The patients were
      assigned to combination chemotherapy consisting of concomitant 5-fluorouracil 200
      mg/m2, doxorubicin 15 mg/m2, and mitomycin 5 mg/m2 by intravenous administration.
      This combination chemotherapy was given concurrently as the initial dose within 1
      week after palliative operation, and this regimen was repeated for at least 2
      whole courses at 4-week intervals before the next course of therapy. Forty-two
      cases of this combination chemotherapy group and 41 of the control group were
      completely eligible for analysis. RESULTS: Regarding the overall 50% inhibition
      of tumor progression and that of gallbladder carcinoma, there were significantly
      better outcomes in the modified FAM therapy group. In this group, tumor reduction
      was achieved in 1 complete response (CR) and 2 partial response (PR) patients.
      With respect to the overall and differentiated survival times according to the
      tumor sites and the clinical efficacy, there was no difference between the
      groups. The most frequent adverse reactions were gastrointestinal manifestations
      such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; also noted was alopecia.
      CONCLUSIONS: Since this combination chemotherapy inhibited the tumor progression
      for significantly longer duration and, to a lesser extent, reduced the tumor size
      in non-resectable gallbladder carcinomas compared to a non-administrated
      chemotherapy group, this study will function as the basis for pursuing a more
      effective chemotherapy.

PMID- 9951858
TI  - Relative merits of ultrasonography, computed tomography and cholangiography in
      patients of surgical obstructive jaundice.
AB  - Fifty consecutive patients with surgical obstructive jaundice were evaluated
      prospectively with ultrasonography (US), computed tomographic scans (CT scan) and
      cholangiography-percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) or endoscopic
      retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography (ERCP). The diagnostic accuracy of
      ultrasound in defining the level of obstruction was 86% as compared to 86% and
      94.8% for CT scan and cholangiography, respectively. To measure the etiology of
      the obstruction, the accuracy of ultrasound, CT scan and cholangiography were
      84%, 86% and 75%, respectively. The sensitivity of CT scans and cholangiography
      in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis was 100%, 81.8% and 90%, respectively,
      whereas specificity was 97%, 100% and 100%, respectively. Sensitivity for a
      diagnosis of malignant disease was 100% for both US and CT scans whereas
      specificity was 90% and 81%, respectively. Ultrasonography as a single
      radiological investigation is sufficient in the evaluation of the majority of
      patients with surgical obstructive jaundice. CT scan and cholangiography should
      be done only when US gives equivocal findings or if concomitant therapeutic
      procedures like basketing and stenting are also planned.

PMID- 9951859
TI  - Evaluation of cholesterol absorption in rats using markers labeled with stable
      isotopes. Effect of complete bile diversion.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: An easily performed method to measure cholesterol absorption
      with isotope labeled cholesterol and beta-sitostanol in humans is described. The
      first aim of the study was to show whether this method can also be used in rats.
      Secondly, to see whether complete bile diversion results in a complete loss of
      cholesterol absorption. METHODOLOGY: Cholesterol absorption was evaluated in rats
      by the constant isotope feeding method using [2H6]cholesterol and [2H4]sitostanol
      as markers. Fecal samples were analyzed by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry.
      RESULTS: In 8 rats with intact enterohepatic circulation of bile acids,
      cholesterol absorption averaged 61 (3% (SD) (range: 54-69%)). Complete bile
      diversion was followed by an almost total loss of cholesterol absorption (5.5+/
      0.6%, range: 2.4-6.9%, n=7). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that deuterated
      cholesterol and deuterated sitostanol are reliable markers for measurement of
      cholesterol absorption in rats and that bile acids are essential for cholesterol
      absorption.

PMID- 9951861
TI  - Urgent bedside endoscopic nasobiliary drainage without fluoroscopic monitoring.
AB  - Emergency endoscopic nasobiliary drainage was performed successfully in 2
      patients with severe cholangitis and septic shock without the help of fluoroscopy
      because of technical problems in the fluoroscopy units. Definitive procedure was
      performed after the recovery. Nasobiliary drainage can be performed without
      fluoroscopic guidance, but should be attempted in exceptional situations.

PMID- 9951860
TI  - Traumatic biliary stricture successfully treated by percutaneous transhepatic
      bile duct dilatation: a case report.
AB  - A 24 year-old woman complained of obstructive jaundice 24 days after blunt
      abdominal trauma due to a traffic accident. Endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) revealed a stricture, 15 mm in length, at the
      common bile duct associated with upper bile duct dilatation. Jaundice was reduced
      by percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-drainage (PTCD). A 7 Fr-sized PTCD tube
      was exchanged for a larger-sized catheter for percutaneous transhepatic
      cholangioscopy expecting gradual dilatation of the stricture. Following the
      confirmation of satisfactory dilatation of the stricture, the catheter was
      removed. There was no recurrence of jaundice 16 months later in a follow-up
      study.

PMID- 9951862
TI  - Diffuse papillomatosis of the gallbladder: case report of a hydropic gallbladder.
AB  - We present the case of a 47 year-old man with a gallbladder papillomatosis. His
      medical history showed typical biliary symptoms with chronic colicky pain and two
      episodes of jaundice. Unusually, the patient himself discovered a right
      hypochondrial mass which appeared to be a hydropic gallbladder. Pre-operative
      diagnosis was done by ultrasonography and percutaneous cholecystography. A
      cholecystectomy was performed. Gross description and microscopic examination
      confirmed the diagnosis of benign diffuse papillomatosis involving the entire
      mucosal surface of the gallbladder. The clinical and anatomical aspects of this
      lesion are discussed.

PMID- 9951863
TI  - Ischemic biliary stricture due to lymph node dissection in the hepatoduodenal
      ligament.
AB  - We report on 2 cases of ischemic biliary stricture after radical lymphadenectomy
      in the hepatoduodenal ligament with skeletonization of the extrahepatic bile
      ducts for malignant diseases. In both cases, histologic examination of the
      subsequently resected biliary strictures revealed evidence of ischemia.
      Skeletonization of the bile ducts may result in ischemia and stricture formation.
      In patients who require thorough dissection of the hepatoduodenal lymph nodes,
      bile duct resection should be considered.

PMID- 9951865
TI  - Blood supply of esophageal stumps.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of the study was to determine the blood supply of
      stumps of mobilized esophagus. METHODOLOGY: Esophageal stumps of five groups of
      rabbits were studied. The esophageal stumps were dyed via intravenous injection
      of trypan blue, and were analyzed by color image processing. RESULTS: The dyed
      length of the esophageal stump was 7.15+/-0.5 cm in the stomach-connecting group;
      4.6+/-0.69 cm in the stomach-connecting with myotomy group; 6.1+/-0.88 cm in the
      distal stomach-connecting group; 3.0+/-0.47 cm in the neck-connecting group; and,
      2.1+/-0.2 cm in the neck-connecting with myotomy group. There was a significant
      difference in the dyed length between the stomach-connecting and neck-connecting
      groups (p=0.000), and between the stomach-connecting and stomach-connecting with
      myotomy groups (p=0.026), but there was no significant difference between the
      neck-connecting and neck-connecting with myotomy (p=0.094), or the stomach
      connecting and distal stomach-connecting groups (p=0.053). CONCLUSIONS: Stumps of
      the mobilized esophagus in rabbits, with or without myotomy, exhibit differences
      in dyed length, depending on the diameter, wall thickness and location of the
      blood supply in the esophagus.

PMID- 9951864
TI  - Water enhanced "non-paralytic" transcutaneous ultrasound of the normal gastric
      wall layers (WETCUS).
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Barium studies, endoscopies and endoscopic ultrasound are the
      usual methods for gastrointestinal tract examinations. Endoscopic ultrasound was
      the only accurate equipment used for imaging the various layers of the stomach
      wall distinctly. METHODOLOGY: Twenty patients undergoing renal ultrasound were
      given 600 cc of water to drink. Gastric wall layers were demonstrated in all
      patients, namely mucosa; submucosa, musculosa and serosa. The echogenic layer of
      the water-mucosa interface was not included in gastric wall thickness
      measurement. RESULTS: The normal wall measurement varied from 3-5 mm. This is
      lower than in previous reports. CONCLUSIONS: Water enhanced "non-paralytic"
      transcutaneous ultrasound is a simple, safe, non-invasive, and accurate test for
      visualizing gastric wall layers.

PMID- 9951866
TI  - Evaluation of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in a university hospital.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has become a commonly
      performed procedure to provide nutritional support for chronically ill patients.
      The aim of this study was to review the safety and results of PEG in a teaching
      hospital. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective review of 44 patients who underwent PEG
      procedure. The indication was long-term enteral feeding in patients who were
      unable to maintain adequate nutrition by mouth with an otherwise functioning gut.
      The most common primary diagnosis was cerebrovascular accident (17 patients). All
      patients were unable to swallow. RESULTS: There were six (13.6%) minor
      complications, and two mortalities from peritonitis (4.5%). The most common
      complication was gastrostomy site infection, which did not require exchange of
      the feeding tube. CONCLUSIONS: PEG is a useful means of providing nutrition in
      patients unable to swallow without the necessity for laparotomy and general
      anesthesia. This method provides an adequate avenue for enteral alimentation in
      selected patients and is relatively safe. Careful attention to the technique of
      insertion is important to prevent leakage or bowel perforation.

PMID- 9951867
TI  - What is the association of primary sclerosing cholangitis with sex and
      inflammatory bowel disease in Turkish patients?
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: In the Western world, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a
      chronic cholestatic liver disease that is associated with inflammatory bowel
      disease (IBD), particularly chronic ulcerative colitis and, to a lesser degree,
      Crohn's disease. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of PSC in
      Turkish patients with IBD and chronic amebic colitis, a disease that is endemic
      in Turkey. METHODOLOGY: During a 10-year period, between 1986 and 1996, a total
      of 81 IBD (64 ulcerative colitis and 17 Crohn's disease) patients and 127
      patients with chronic amebic colitis were seen and evaluated with radiologic,
      serologic, immunologic and pathologic tests. Whenever a clinical or biochemical
      finding suggested the presence of co-existent hepatic and/or biliary disease, the
      patient was further evaluated by liver biopsy, auto-antibodies and endoscopic
      retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to determine whether they also had PSC
      or some other form of liver disease. As a disease control group, a total of 752
      patients with clinical and/or laboratory evidence of pancreaticobiliary disease
      were also studied. In 86 of these 752 patients (10%), a primary disorder of the
      biliary tree was diagnosed by ultrasonography, computed tomography,
      peritoneoscopy, liver biopsy, ERCP and abdominal laparotomy. In addition, all 86
      patients of the control group were evaluated endoscopically in order to determine
      whether they had any associated gastrointestinal condition of the upper or lower
      gastrointestinal tracts. After establishing final diagnoses of IBD, amebic
      colitis and PSC, these patients were evaluated with respect to their socio
      economic status. A high protein diet (1.8 gram/kg/day) was administered to those
      patients with chronic amebic colitis and IBD during the active period of the
      disease. RESULTS: Of the 208 patients (81 with IBD and 127 with chronic amebic
      colitis), no cases of PSC were identified. Of the 86 patients in the control
      group with primary biliary tract disease, 45 had a biliary system malignancy, 14
      had primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 16 had PSC, 3 had Caroli's disease, 6 had a
      common bile duct cyst, and 2 had gallbladder adenomatosis. All but 1 of the 16
      patients with PSC were female. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that, in contrast
      to findings in Western Europe and the USA, in Turkey: 1) PSC is not regularly
      associated with idiopathic IBD; 2) most patients with PSC are female; 3) PSC
      accounts for only 18% of patients with a primary disorder of the biliary tree; 4)
      the incidence of small-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis is greater than that
      reported in the literature; and, 5) the incidence of IBD and PSC in Turkey is
      relatively lower than in other countries.

PMID- 9951868
TI  - Percutaneous cholangiofiberscopic endoluminal forceps biopsy of intrabile duct
      diseases.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of the present study was to determine the usefulness and
      sensitivity of percutaneous cholangiofiberscopic guided forceps biopsy in
      patients suspected of intrabile duct diseases. This study also emphasized the use
      of a video monitor system in which the field of view is magnified; thus, even a
      small lesion can easily be detected. Furthermore, coordination of both the
      operator and assistant is easier because both can observe the image together on
      the video monitor. METHODOLOGY: Percutaneous cholangio-fiberscopic forceps biopsy
      was performed in 27 patients (14 men, 13 women, aged 37-81 years with a mean age
      of 61 years). A mature T-tube tract was used as an access for cholangioscopy in
      17 cases while the remaining 10 patients underwent percutaneous transhepatic
      biliary drainage and gradual tract dilatation from 7-French to 16-French. A
      flexible fiberoptic choledoscope was gently inserted into a mature tract and once
      an abnormal mucosal lesion was identified, a forceps biopsy was inserted into a
      working channel of the scope, and 3-5 specimens were taken for histological
      examination. RESULTS: A histological diagnosis was obtained in 24 cases of the 27
      patients (sensitivity 89%) and included cholangiocarcinoma (n=8), papillomatosis
      (n=3), ampullary adenoma (n=1), ampullary adenocarcinoma (n=1), hepatoma with
      intrabile duct invasion (n=1), and chronic inflammation (n=10). Post-procedural
      bleeding was noted in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous cholangiofiberscopic
      guided forceps biopsy is a safe and easy to perform procedure. It yielded a high
      sensitivity rate for definitive diagnosis of very small or early intrabile duct
      lesions; thus, a curative therapeutic modality can be appropriately applied. The
      use of a video monitor system, which magnified the field of view without
      distorting the quality of the image, plays a crucial role in this technique.
      Mucin substance is commonly seen in cholangiocarcinoma. The association between
      bile duct stones and neoplasm needs further evaluation.

PMID- 9951869
TI  - Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion for peritoneal dissemination of
      gastric cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: We investigated the histological and clinical effectiveness of
      continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) for treating peritoneal
      dissemination (therapeutic CHPP) and for the prevention of peritoneal recurrence
      (prophylactic CHPP). METHODOLOGY: In 5 patients with gastric cancer and
      peritoneal dissemination, the apoptosis index of the cancer cells on in situ end
      labeling for detection of apoptotic cells was 3.0+/-1.2% before CHPP, and had
      increased to 52.9+/-8.3% after CHPP. The survival curve of the therapeutic CHPP
      group was significantly better than that of the control group. The therapeutic
      CHPP group was classified as miliary type or nodular type. The survival curve in
      the miliary type was significantly better than that in the nodular type. RESULTS:
      In prophylactic CHPP, there was no improvement in prognosis, but a prophylactic
      effect against peritoneal recurrence was demonstrated in the patients who were n4
      negative when the mean intraperitoneal temperature during CHPP (MIT) was
      maintained above 42 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that an
      improved prognosis can be expected after therapeutic CHPP in patients with
      peritoneal spread. The beneficial effects are especially marked in patients with
      the miliary type. Moreover, prophylactic CHPP exerts a prophylactic effect
      against peritoneal recurrence in patients with n4 negative, providing that the
      MIT can be maintained above 42 degrees C.

PMID- 9951870
TI  - Intact tissue of gastrointestinal cancer specimen orthotopically transplanted
      into nude mice.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: A relevant animal model of human gastrointestinal cancer in nude
      mice, which can be adapted for repetitive investigations, could improve our
      understanding of carcinogenesis and cancer metastasis. Furthermore, it may
      support the development of new and effective therapeutic concepts. METHODOLOGY:
      We have established an orthotopic transplantation tumor model for human tumors in
      nude mice with intact tissues of colorectal, pancreatic, and gastric cancer. We
      investigated the biological characteristics of original and corresponding
      transplanted tumors, including routine pathological examination (HE staining),
      mucin production (PAS staining), and immunostaining. In addition, the lung and
      liver specimens were screened for micrometastases. RESULTS: 1) Overall, 10 out of
      22 surgical specimens were growing in nude mice subcutaneously and/or
      orthotopically (4/6 colon, 5/10 pancreatic, and 1/6 gastric cancer). In the group
      of fresh tumor tissues with greater than 50% tumor cell content, the take rate
      was 100% (3/3 pancreatic, and 3/3 colon). 2) The orthotopically transplanted
      tumors resemble the original tumors morphologically and biologically, including
      local invasion, regional and distant metastases, and CEA production. 3) The
      detection of dissemination of cancer cells can be achieved by immunostaining.
      CONCLUSIONS: An orthotopic xenotransplantation model for human gastrointestinal
      carcinomas in nude mice was established. The comparative analysis by
      immunohistochemistry suggests that this study will be helpful for developing new
      diagnostic methods to monitor micrometastatic disease.

PMID- 9951871
TI  - Multiple parapapillary choledochoduodenal fistulas with ampullary carcinoma.
AB  - Only very rarely do multiple parapapillary choledochoduodenal fistulas occur
      concurrently with ampullary carcinoma. The following presents just such a case,
      which occurred in a 51 year-old Japanese female hospitalized for epigastralgia.
      Gastrointestinal fiberscopy (GIF) showed abnormal swelling of Vater's papilla.
      She was diagnosed as having ampullary carcinoma and choledochoduodenal fistulas,
      as determined by hypotonic duodenography (HDG), endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and from the histopathology of the ampullary
      mucosal biopsy. Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. We postulated that the
      multiple fistulas were formed on the longitudinal fold of Vater's papilla by an
      ampullary carcinoma, and that the fistulas played a major role in bile drainage.
      As a result, jaundice was not seen throughout the entire clinical course. We
      report on the mechanism of fistula formation, with a review of the recent
      literature.

PMID- 9951873
TI  - Colonoscopic diagnosis of whipworm infection.
AB  - Trichuriasis is an intestinal infection found in human beings which is caused by
      Trichuris trichiura, more commonly known as whipworm because of its whip-like
      appearance. It is characterized by the invasion of the colonic mucosa by the
      adult Trichuris and produces minor inflammatory changes at the sites of
      localization. It is prevalent throughout the world, especially in tropical areas.
      Its diagnosis is usually made by identification of the typical eggs in the stool;
      adult whipworm is rarely seen during colonoscopy. Colonoscopy can directly
      diagnose trichuriasis, confirming the threadlike form of worms with an attenuated
      end. The worms can be overlooked, particularly if colon preparation is imperfect.
      Attenuated whip-like ends of whipworms, which are embedded in the colonic mucosa,
      were removed with biopsy forceps. We report on 5 cases of whipworm infection that
      were diagnosed on total colonoscopy.

PMID- 9951872
TI  - Lymphangiomatous cysts of the spleen: report of 3 cases and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Splenic cysts are very uncommon entities. The majority of these cysts are
      solitary and asymptomatic. They are mainly seen in children or young adults; and,
      they are usually seen either as solitary or multiple. For all splenic cysts,
      surgical intervention is advantageous, as the risk of splenic rupture is very
      high, even from minor abdominal injury. This report presents a summary of 3 cases
      with lymphangiomatous splenic cyst that were treated at the Gastroenterology
      Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Egypt from 1993 to 1996. Lymphangiomatous
      cyst of the spleen is considered a rare type of cyst that is usually found as a
      single or multi-cystic lesion.

PMID- 9951874
TI  - Hydatid liver cyst perforation into the digestive tract.
AB  - Complications of liver hydatid disease include those related to the compression
      of adjacent viscus, to the infection of the cyst's contents or to the perforation
      of the cyst. Perforations into hollow abdominal organs are rare, and can occur
      secondary to the infection of the cyst or to a primary pathology of the
      perforated organ. We report on 2 cases of perforation of a liver cyst into the
      duodenum, 1 due to the presence of a duodenal ulcer, and 1 secondary to a hydatid
      abscess. The surgical treatment of the lesions and their complications was, in
      both cases, successful.

PMID- 9951875
TI  - Giant intraluminal fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus.
AB  - Giant polyps of the esophagus are relatively rare. Without previous history, the
      diagnosis of the disease is difficult to be made by esophagography and
      esophagoscopy. A case of giant intraluminal fibrovascular polyp (13x4x3.5 cm) of
      the esophagus is presented. The polyp was retrieved from the esophagus by a
      Foley's catheter and resected via the oral route.

PMID- 9951876
TI  - Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase but not thymidylate synthase expression is
      associated with resistance to 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: In planning adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer, it is of
      critical importance to optimize the treatment by identifying subsets of patients
      that will respond or not to chemotherapy. Thymidylate synthase (TS) and
      dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are key enzymes involved in the biochemical
      functions of the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In searching for the
      factors determining the 5-FU sensitivity of colorectal cancer, TS and DPD were
      analyzed in relation to the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on cell proliferation in a
      series of human colorectal cancer cell lines. METHODOLOGY: TS and DPD protein
      expressions were quantified in 5 human colorectal cancer cell lines, using TS
      binding assay and Western blotting, respectively. Cellular growth inhibition was
      assessed by MTT assay after 48 hours of continuous exposure to 5-FU or cisplatin
      (CDDP). RESULTS: TS protein expression was detected in all but one of the cell
      lines studied and varied within a 17-fold range, while DPD protein expression was
      detectable in only one cell line (CaR1). CaR1, which expressed the highest level
      of DPD and no detectable TS, showed remarkable resistance to 5-FU. The other
      colorectal cancer cell lines with undetectable DPD expression were sensitive to 5
      FU. There was no correlation between TS expression and 5-FU sensitivity. All of
      the cell lines studied showed similar sensitivity to CDDP. CONCLUSIONS: These
      data suggest that DPD, but not TS, expression predicts 5-FU sensitivity in
      colorectal cancer cell lines.

PMID- 9951877
TI  - Ileoanal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis: results of an evolutionary surgical
      procedure.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Proctocolectomy with ileoanal anastomosis (IAA) has proved to be
      the most suitable surgical treatment for ulcerative colitis. The aim of this
      study was to compare the results of IAA according to the evolution of surgical
      procedures and particularly to compare the results of stapled versus hand-sewn
      anastomosis. METHODOLOGY: From 1984 to 1996, 37 men and 31 women were operated on
      in our centre for ulcerative colitis. The anastomosis between the J pouch and the
      dentate line was handsewn in 35 patients (group 1) and stapled in 33 patients
      (group 2). RESULTS: The mean operative time was significantly shorter in group 2
      as compared with group 1 (265+/-59 vs. 323+/-53, p<0.01, respectively), whereas
      morbidity and functional results were comparable in both groups. In 10 patients
      with stapled IAA, a diverting ileostomy was not performed and the morbidity in
      this group did not increase. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that stapled IAA
      anastomosis is a safe procedure. The stapling technique of IAA simplifies total
      excision of the rectum and could mean that a diverting ileostomy is not
      necessary.

PMID- 9951878
TI  - Intra-operative detection of lymph node involvement in carcinoma of the colon.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: We studied the accuracy rate of intra-operative lymph node
      assessment compared with pathological examination to determine whether surgeons
      could modify the extent of lymphadenectomy during the operation. METHODOLOGY:
      Intra-operative and pathological lymph node assessments were compared in 360
      patients with carcinoma of the colon. RESULTS: A total of 6,431 lymph nodes were
      examined, mean number per patient was 17.9. The overall accuracy rate of intra
      operative diagnosis was 56.1%, sensitivity was 93.2%, and specificity was 41.7%.
      The accuracy rate of the diagnosis of N1 and N2 was 43.7% and that of N3 and N4
      was 78.3% (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in the diagnosis rates
      in the colonic region. These results indicated that diagnosis in < or = N3 was
      more accurate than that in > or = N2. There were 5 false-negative cases. All of
      the false-negative lymph nodes were located adjacent to the colonic wall.
      CONCLUSIONS: Intra-operative diagnosis of the positivity of < or = N2 lymph nodes
      was too poor to decide the extent of lymph node dissection of < D2. It is
      adequate to dissect according to at least the D2 criteria in all cases. If the
      surgeon observes N3 involvement, he should add the D3 dissection.

PMID- 9951879
TI  - Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in Estonian patients with inflammatory
      bowel disease. Prevalence and diagnostic role.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: In Estonia, the incidence of ulcerative colitis and especially
      Crohn's disease appears to be rare. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)
      are frequently found in ulcerative colitis but less frequently in Crohn's
      disease, their pathophysiological significance is still unclear. METHODOLOGY:
      Fifty-nine serum samples from patients with ulcerative colitis, 17 with Crohn's
      disease, 25 with irritable bowel syndrome, and 86 healthy persons were studied.
      Sera were analyzed for the presence of ANCA by indirect immunofluorescence, and
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for specific ANCA using different antigens was
      performed. RESULTS: ANCA were detected in 29 of 59 (49%) patients with ulcerative
      colitis, 4 of 17 (24%) patients with Crohn's disease, and in 4 of 111 (4%)
      controls. The immunofluorescence staining was mostly perinuclear (pANCA). There
      was no correlation between ANCA and the duration or extent of the inflammatory
      bowel disease. In specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, only 14 sera
      elicited binding above the normal range. CONCLUSIONS: Although the prevalence of
      ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in Estonia is much lower than in European
      countries, there seem to be no differences in the presence of ANCA.

PMID- 9951880
TI  - Oxygen desaturation during sedation for colonoscopy in elderly patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Conscious sedation increases the tolerance of patients to
      endoscopic examination, but arterial oxygen desaturation during endoscopy has
      often been reported. Elderly patients are considered to be at special risk.
      However, sedation-induced changes in cardiovascular function in the elderly have
      not been well investigated. Therefore, this study examined the effects of
      sedation on pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, and arterial oxygen saturation
      in elderly patients. METHODOLOGY: Twenty patients aged less than 60 years and 20
      patients aged 60 years or more, scheduled to undergo colonoscopic removal of
      colorectal polyps, received 0.05 or 0.025 mg/kg body weight, respectively, of
      midazolam intravenously. Before, during, and after endoscopy, pulse rate,
      systolic blood pressure, and arterial oxygen saturation were recorded every 5 min
      with a pulse oximeter. RESULTS: Administration of midazolam had no significant
      effect on pulse and arterial systolic blood pressure in either group. In
      contrast, midazolam significantly reduced the levels of arterial oxygen
      saturation during and after endoscopy in both age groups. However, although
      patients aged 60 years or more received midazolam at half dosage, arterial oxygen
      saturation during endoscopy was significantly lower and the incidence of 5% or
      more oxygen desaturation was significantly higher than in the patients aged less
      than 60 years. CONCLUSIONS: Midazolam increases the tolerance of elderly patients
      to endoscopy, but it significantly lowers the level of arterial oxygen saturation
      and increases the incidence of desaturation. Continuous monitoring is especially
      valuable during endoscopy in the elderly.

PMID- 9951881
TI  - Colorectal cancer in patients over 80 years of age.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of the study was to compare the short- and long-term
      outcome of older and younger patients treated for colorectal cancer. We also
      wanted to study whether age was independently associated with post-operative
      mortality. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a retrospective study of 503 consecutive
      patients treated for colorectal cancer. One hundred and six (21%) were 80 years
      of age or older. The median follow-up was 5.5 years (2-16.8 years) or until
      death. RESULTS: Post-operative mortality was 6% (0.7% in patients less than 65
      years and 16% in patients over 80 years). Multiple logistic regression analysis
      showed that age, emergency operation, advanced T-stage, and ASA-class were each
      independently related to post-operative mortality. The overall estimated 5-year
      survival rate was 59% in patients less than 65 years and 24% in patients over 80
      years. The cancer specific 5-year survival was 62% in patients less than 65 years
      and 45% in patients over 80 years. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that age
      was an independent risk factor for post-operative mortality. In very old patients
      surviving the post-operative period, the long-term outcome was good. Advanced age
      alone should not be used as a criterion to deny surgery for colorectal cancer.

PMID- 9951882
TI  - Laparoscopic approach in acute small bowel obstruction. A review of 68 patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Laparoscopic management of acute small bowel obstruction has
      potential advantages over classical laparotomy. The aims of this study were to
      assess the feasibility and the safety of this technique, as well as to find any
      predictive success factors. METHODOLOGY: A laparoscopic approach was undertaken
      in 68 out of 150 patients admitted between 1991 and 1997 for acute small bowel
      obstruction. RESULTS: The cause of obstruction was bands or adhesions in 80% of
      the patients. A correct laparoscopic diagnosis was established in 66% of the
      cases. A laparoscopic treatment was performed successfully in 31 patients (46%),
      and was assisted by minilaparotomy in 4 patients (6%), and by open herniorraphy
      in 2 patients (3%). Thirty-one patients (46%) needed a conversion to laparotomy.
      There were 6 bowel injuries (9%), all recognized during laparoscopy. There were 2
      deaths in converted patients and 2 early reoperations for persisting ileus in
      patients treated by laparoscopy alone or by assisted laparoscopy. CONCLUSION:
      Acute small bowel obstruction can be treated by laparoscopy alone, or assisted by
      minilaparotomy or open herniorraphy with advantages for the patient and few
      complications despite a high rate of conversion. There were no pre-operative
      predictive factors for successful laparoscopy, except for an isolated previous
      scar from an appendectomy. Pre-operative predictive success factors were parietal
      intestinal adhesions, as the only cause of obstruction. Multiple adhesions will
      mostly require conversion to laparotomy.

PMID- 9951883
TI  - Well differentiated "lipoma-like" liposarcoma of the sigmoid mesocolon and
      multiple lipomatosis of the rectosigmoid colon. Report of a case.
AB  - Liposarcoma is the second most common soft tissue sarcoma in adults. These
      neoplasms take their origin from primitive mesenchymal cells and are rarely
      encountered in fat rich areas, such as subcutaneous tissue and/or the subserosa
      of the intestinal tract which, on the contrary, are the two most common sites of
      lipomas. The two major locations of liposarcomas are the extremities and the
      retroperitoneum followed with much less frequency by the inguinal region. Other
      sites are uncommon, particularly the mesentery (9 cases to date in the
      literature) and, even more so, the mesocolon (only 3 cases of primary sarcoma of
      the mesocolon reported to date). This paper reports on the case of a well
      differentiated "lipoma-like" liposarcoma of the sigmoid mesocolon, associated
      with multiple lipomatosis of the recto-sigmoid colon in a 75 year-old female
      patient. Surgical treatment consisted of a trans-anal extra-peritoneal anterior
      resection by CEEA 28 stapler under endoscopic vision. The patient has been
      followed up for the last 2 years and is still disease-free and well. The
      peculiarity of the case consists in the contemporaneous presence in close
      contiguity of two different rare neoplasms whose association is not yet known.

PMID- 9951884
TI  - Spontaneous gastroduodenal perforation in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Spontaneous gastroduodenal perforation is a rare and lethal
      complication in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. METHODOLOGY: Data of 9
      patients with spontaneous gastroduodenal perforation occurring during
      chemotherapy were reviewed. RESULTS: All 9 patients were male with an average age
      of 54.4+/-2.5 years. The primary malignancies included 5 head and neck cancers, 2
      esophageal cancers, 1 malignant lymphoma, and 1 hepatocellular carcinoma.
      Abdominal pain was the most common symptom. The average interval between the
      onset of symptoms and surgery was 2.9+/-0.7 days (range: 16 hours to 7 days).
      Perforation was located on the duodenum (6 patients) and on the lower part of the
      body of the stomach (3 patients). Simple closure of the perforation was performed
      on 8 patients, and subtotal gastrectomy on 1 patient. Culture of the ascitic
      fluid of 8 patients revealed E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, streptococcus
      viridans, and enterococcus. Four patients (44.4%) had post-operative
      complications. The 30-day post-operative mortality was 44.4% (4/9). Three
      patients died of sepsis with multiple organ failure, and 1 died of hepatic
      failure. Age, anaemia, leukopenia, serum albumin levels, impaired renal or liver
      functions are not significant operative risk factors. Pre-operative shock is a
      significant factor in predicting operative mortality and complications.
      CONCLUSIONS: High index with suspicion of the disease with early treatment may
      improve survival of cancer patients with spontaneous gastroduodenal perforation.

PMID- 9951885
TI  - Acid suppression with ranitidine plus oral triple therapy improves ulcer healing
      but not Helicobacter pylori eradication.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate whether the addition of 2 weeks of ranitidine to a 1
      week oral triple therapy (OTT) regimen improved ulcer healing and H. pylori
      eradication. METHODOLOGY: Two hundred and eleven consecutive patients with an
      endoscopic diagnosis of active duodenal ulcer (DU) and a positive antrum biopsy
      for H. pylori were enrolled. Those attending the Hospital Vera Cruz (Group A,
      n=142) received a 14-day course of ranitidine (150 mg after breakfast and dinner)
      plus a 1-week OTT, consisting of bismuth subcitrate, (240 mg after the 3 meals),
      tetracycline (500 mg, 10 min before the three meals and at bedtime), and
      furazolidone (200 mg after breakfast and dinner). Patients from the Hospital das
      Clinicas (Group B, n=69) received the same OTT as Group A but without ranitidine.
      Patients underwent endoscopy again on average 40 days (range: 30-60 days) after
      completing therapy in order to assess ulcer healing and H. pylori status.
      RESULTS: Both schedules were equally efficient in eradicating H. pylori with 90%
      (128/142) eradication in group A, and 84% (58/69) in group B (p=0.2). In
      contrast, the addition of ranitidine to OTT improved ulcer healing when compared
      with OTT alone (96%, 137/142, vs. 70%, 48/69; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results
      demonstrate that the association of acid suppression, obtained with 2 week
      ranitidine administration with OTT improved ulcer healing but did not enhance H.
      pylori eradication.

PMID- 9951886
TI  - Heavy bacterial loads of H. pylori may precipitate duodenal ulcer bleeding but
      not bleeding severity.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: To determine whether severity of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
      infection is aggravated during acute duodenal ulcer bleeding and related to
      bleeding severity. METHODOLOGY: One hundred and thirty-eight patients with H.
      pylori-infected bleeding duodenal ulcer and 112 non-bleeding cases were included
      in the study. A comparison was made of the anti-H. pylori IgG titer, endoscopic
      finding, density of H. pylori (range: 1-5) in the antrum, and severity of antral
      gastritis (score: 0-3) between bleeding and non-bleeding cases. The role of H.
      pylori in bleeding cases was further analyzed to survey its relationship to the
      severity of bleeding judged by clinical parameters. The H. pylori status of
      patients with rebleeding within the first week was compared to that of the non
      rebleeding cases as well. RESULTS: The anti-H. pylori IgG titer and H. pylori
      density of the non-bleeding group were lower than those of the bleeding group
      (0.466+/-0.288 vs. 0.912+/-0.559, p<0.001; 2.13+/-1.02 vs. 3.34+/-1.32, p<0.001).
      The percentages of bleeding ulcers in the study cases increased in a trend as the
      density of H. pylori increased (density: 1-5; 32.7%, 33.8%, 57.4%, 81.3%, 91.4%,
      p<0.001). Although the severity of gastritis and density of H. pylori disclosed
      an upward trend as bleeding severity increased, only ulcer size was significantly
      associated with bleeding severity (p<0.05). The 10 cases with recurrent bleeding
      had higher bacterial density and serological titer than the 128 non-rebleeding
      cases (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Heavy bacterial loads of H. pylori infection may
      precipitate bleeding episodes of duodenal ulcer. However, in bleeding duodenal
      ulcer, the status of H. pylori infection is not strongly associated with initial
      bleeding severity before therapeutic endoscopy. With the aim of enhancing
      hemostasis and preventing rebleeding, further studies could focus on diminishing
      the bacterial load of H. pylori during bleeding episodes.

PMID- 9951887
TI  - Primary malignant lymphoma of the duodenum: report of a case.
AB  - We present a case of long-term survival in primary malignant lymphoma of the
      duodenum treated with a curative surgical resection and post-operative
      chemotherapy. A 72 year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of
      epigastric discomfort. Endoscopy revealed an ulcerative tumor in the duodenal
      bulb. The tumor was diagnosed histologically as malignant lymphoma by endoscopic
      biopsy. A distal gastrectomy and duodenal bulb resection were performed with
      lymph nodes dissection. The tumor was histologically classified as B-cell
      phenotype, large cell, immunoblastic lymphoma of high grade, according to the
      Working Formulation. The patient received CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin,
      vincristine and prednisone) chemotherapy after the operation, and he has no sign
      of recurrence during a follow-up period of 6 years.

PMID- 9951888
TI  - The usefulness of intra-operative endoscopy in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: a case
      report.
AB  - The Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited disease manifested
      by a combination of mucocutaneous pigmentation and gastrointestinal hamartomatous
      polyps that usually cause intussusception and intestinal hemorrhage. We report a
      case in which the patient has been followed-up on for 14 years and who underwent
      surgical and endoscopic polyp removal several times as well as one intestinal
      resection. This time, with the use of combined surgery and perioperative
      endoscopy, 27 polyps were removed, performing only 3 enterotomies. This is the
      highest number in one session to be reported in the literature. The usefulness of
      this technique is providing a "clean small intestine" that allows the patient a
      longer time interval between laparotomies and reduces the complications
      associated with multiple laparotomies and resections.

PMID- 9951889
TI  - Intra-operative measurement of the tissue blood flow for evaluating blood supply
      to the gastric tube for esophageal reconstruction.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Anastomotic leakage after esophageal surgery is still the main
      reason for post-operative morbidity and mortality. We developed a reliable
      procedure for evaluating blood supply to the gastric tube after esophageal
      reconstruction. METHODOLOGY: After construction of the gastric tube, tissue blood
      flow was measured intra-operatively at the anastomotic sites using laser Doppler
      flowmetry. RESULTS: There was a distinct difference in tissue blood flow at the
      distal portion of the gastric tube. The tissue blood flow at the sites of
      attempted anastomosis was considerably decreased compared to the value of the
      gastric body (control site). CONCLUSIONS: By measuring tissue blood flow at the
      attempted anastomotic site intra-operatively using laser Doppler flowmetry, a
      sufficiently nourished gastric tube could be prepared. It was our hypothesis that
      total elimination of the ischemic portion would make esophagogastric anastomosis
      safer and more reliable.

PMID- 9951890
TI  - Endoscopic sclerotherapy to arrest uncontrolled variceal bleeding in cirrhotic
      patients with high surgical risk.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: In 20-50% of patients bleeding from esophageal varices,
      conservative procedures fail to obtain hemostasis and prevent early recurrence.
      METHODOLOGY: We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy and safety of endoscopic
      sclerotherapy in 66 cirrhotic patients with high surgical risk and persistence or
      recurrence of variceal bleeding in spite of adequate medical treatment
      (somatostatin and/or balloon tamponade). RESULTS: Emergency sclerosis controlled
      bleeding in 46 out of 66 patients (70%). The remaining 20 patients underwent
      additional procedures to arrest the hemorrhage, and 6 died because of massive
      bleeding. Early rebleeding occurred in 5 patients (10%). The mortality within 2
      days, 1 week, and 6 weeks was 9%, 17% and 32%, respectively. Death was attributed
      to hemorrhage in 9 cases. Sclerotherapy was associated with complications in 9
      patients (14%). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that emergency sclerotherapy is
      a safe and effective procedure in cirrhotic patients with high surgical risk and
      persistence or recurrence of bleeding after conservative hemostatic procedures.

PMID- 9951891
TI  - Timing and necessity of endoscopy in AIDS patients with dysphagia or odynophagia.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Dysphagia and odynophagia are common problems with significant
      morbidity in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Endoscopy in
      AIDS patients with esophageal symptoms is valuable for diagnosis, but the timing
      and necessity of routine endoscopy remains controversial. METHODOLOGY: We
      retrospectively studied 40 AIDS patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal
      endoscopy. Among them, 25 patients were enroled with dysphagia and/or odynophagia
      and were put on empirical fluconazole treatment before endoscopic evaluation.
      RESULTS: Fourteen (56%) of 25 patients improved after fluconazole treatment,
      while 11 patients had persistent symptoms. Among the 14 patients with symptomatic
      improvement, 7 were found to have esophageal candidiasis which improved after
      continuation of fluconazole for 1-2 more weeks. The other 7 patients had a normal
      endoscopic appearance. In contrast, among 11 patients with persistent symptoms,
      there were 3 patients with azole-resistant candidiasis, 3 with cytomegalovirus
      esophagitis, 1 with herpes simplex virus esophagitis with candidiasis, 1 with
      Kaposi's sarcoma, and 3 with idiopathic esophageal ulcer. They were successfully
      treated with Amphotericin B, Ganciclovir, Acyclovior, and oral steroids, except
      for the patient with Kaposi's sarcoma. CONCLUSIONS: Routine endoscopy may not
      necessarily be indicated in every AIDS patient with dysphagia or odynophagia.
      Empirical fluconazole treatment can improve symptoms in 50% of patients. It is
      only indicated when patients have persistent symptoms after empirical treatment.
      With endoscopic examination, etiologic agents other than common candidiasis can
      be determined and the patients can thus be put on specific treatment.

PMID- 9951892
TI  - Successful conservative treatment for esophageal perforation by a fish bone
      associated with mediastinitis.
AB  - A 74 year-old man presenting with esophageal perforation associated with
      mediastinitis due to the swallowing of a fish bone is reported herein.
      Conservative treatment, including starvation therapy and the injection of
      antibiotic drugs, proved to be successful for this patient. Although the optimal
      treatment for esophageal perforation remains controversial, it is important to
      choose the appropriate strategies when treating cases of esophageal perforation
      with mediastinitis.

PMID- 9951893
TI  - Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus: three cases with immunohistological examination.
AB  - Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus is a rare malignant tumor with both carcinomatous
      and sarcomatous components. We present 3 cases of carcinosarcoma of the esophagus
      and discuss the histogenesis of the tumors. We performed immunohistochemical
      studies using various antibodies: anti-cytokeratin, anti-vimentin, anti-smooth
      muscle actin, anti-p53, and MIB 1 reacting with Ki-67 nuclear antigen.

PMID- 9951894
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus following radiation therapy for
      breast cancer.
AB  - Between 1981 and 1995, 4 patients (3 females, 1 male; aged 48-80) were diagnosed
      with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, following mediastinal irradiation
      for breast cancer. The interval between irradiation and the presentation of
      esophageal cancer was 10.75 years on average (7-19). The treatment consisted of:
      radiotherapy only; a partial esophagectomy with proximal gastrectomy without post
      operative radiotherapy; laser photocoagulation for a superficial tumor; and,
      palliative treatment including gastrostomy, tracheal photocoagulation and
      chemotherapy for 1 patient suffering from advanced stage cancer with tracheal
      invasion, respectively. Radiotherapy of the esophageal cancer (exclusive or
      adjuvant) should take into account previous esophageal radiation therapy. The
      indications of curative excision surgery are the same as for other types of
      esophageal cancer, but the anastomoses should be performed in a non-irradiated
      area. Excision by esophageal stripping without thoracotomy is contraindicated
      because of the presence of peri-esophageal sclerosis. Preventive measures in
      radiation therapy for breast cancer are suggested.

PMID- 9951895
TI  - Experimental technique of esophageal substitution: intrathoracic interposition of
      a pedunculated gastric tube (PGT) preserving cardiac function. Preliminary
      results.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: The authors present an experimental technique performed on
      piglets to replace a segment of the thoracic esophagus with a gastric tube
      pedunculated on gastroepiploic vessels transposed between proximal and distal
      esophageal segments, and consequently preserve cardiac function. METHODOLOGY:
      Four piglets aged between 30 and 75 days, weight 6-20 kg, underwent esophageal
      replacement with a gastric tube, length 6-10 cm (mean: 8 cm), constructed from
      the greater gastric curvature and pedunculated on the gastroepiploic vessels. The
      gastric tube thus obtained, it was transposed into the right hemithorax through a
      small opening in the diaphragm. Esophageal reconstruction was done by
      interposition of the gastric tube between the upper and lower esophageal stumps.
      RESULTS: The post-operative course was uneventful. An esophagogram on the 4th
      post-operative day showed no anastomotic leakage in all cases, and oral food
      intake could be commenced. At follow-up, the animals were found to be eating
      normally. CONCLUSIONS: This experimental technique could have important
      advantages over existing techniques of esophageal replacement: 1) cardiac
      function is preserved; 2) it is technically easy to obtain a gastric tube with a
      long vascular pedicle, so replacement up to the superior esophagus is possible;
      and, 3) in the post-operative period, no swallowing difficulties appear to occur.

PMID- 9951896
TI  - Neurophysiological basis of sympathetic nerve-preserving surgery for lower rectal
      cancer--a canine model.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: The relative contribution and interrelated compensation of
      sympathetic signals among sympathetic components in pelvic plexus remain
      undefined. This study was designed to investigate the genitourinary function in
      response to autonomic nerve preservation and severance using a canine model.
      METHODOLOGY: Eighteen mongrel dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups which
      received severance of the hypogastric nerves on either the right side, left side,
      or on both sides. The hypogastric nerves and sacral sympathetic trunks were
      electrically stimulated and the contraction pressure of the internal urethral
      orifice was measured immediately, at 1- and 3-month intervals. The ejaculation
      function and the length of time required to reach sexual orgasm were evaluated by
      manual penis-stimulation. RESULTS: The difference between the left and right
      sides of the normal hypogastric nerve in contribution to sympathetic signals was
      insignificant. Compared with the hypogastric nerve, the bilateral sacral
      sympathetic trunks were functionally trivial in controlling the closure of the
      internal urethral orifice. The preserved side of the hypogastric nerve
      compensated for the loss of sympathetic signals of the severed side within 1
      month and, thereafter, remained stationary. In contrast, the functional
      compensation of bilateral sacral sympathetic trunks for the severed bilateral
      hypogastric nerves was insignificant. When the hypogastric nerve was preserved in
      one or both sides, all dogs maintained normal antegrade ejaculation. If bilateral
      hypogastric nerves were severed, 50.0% (3/6) of the dogs lost both emission and
      ejaculation function; 33.3% (2/6) presented with retrograde ejaculation; and,
      16.7% (1/6) presented with combined retrograde ejaculation and reduced antegrade
      ejaculation. The time required to reach sexual orgasm was not affected by the
      severance of the hypogastric nerve. CONCLUSIONS: The normal genitourinary
      function could be maintained only when at least one side of the hypogastric nerve
      was preserved.

PMID- 9951897
TI  - Laparoscopic transgastric pancreatic pseudocystogastrostomy--first experience
      with extraluminal approach.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Transgastric cystogastrostomy (Jurasz procedure) became a
      standard procedure in the treatment of mature pancreatic pseudocysts contacting
      the stomach. The first experience with laparoscopically performed transgastric
      cystogastrostomy under performing anterior gastrostomy is discussed. METHODOLOGY:
      Five ports were used. The anterior stomach wall was opened 2 cm in length. The
      communication channel with the pseudocyst was created by means of precise
      coagulation of the posterior stomach as well as the pseudocyst wall. The
      pseudocyst was evacuated and the stoma was completed by stapling with the EndoGIA
      lineal stapler 3 cm in length. The anterior stomach wall was also closed with
      EndoGIA stapler. RESULTS: Excellent results could be achieved. The pseudocyst
      resoluted within 1 month after the operation, and the anastomosis healed
      completely. The patient was discharged on the 8th post-operative day. The follow
      up for 1 year was free of complications. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic
      pseudocystogastrostomy appears to be a reliable method for treatment of large
      size mature pancreas pseudocysts because it is a minimally invasive procedure
      with standardized stapler-performed anastomosis. However, this initial experience
      has to be confirmed with a large number of patients.

PMID- 9951898
TI  - The importance of increasing the number of gastric biopsies in the diagnosis of
      Helicobacter pylori.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: The role of Helicobacter pylori in various gastroduodenal
      diseases is universally accepted. In this study, we aimed to determine the proper
      number and sites of the gastric biopsies in order to achieve the highest
      diagnostic yield through the use of a urease test and histopathology. We also
      compared the histological findings encountered in patients who had Helicobacter
      pylori (H. pylori) colonization. METHODOLOGY: Fifty patients referred for upper
      gastrointestinal endoscopy for dyspeptic complaints were included in the study.
      Our mapping protocol included 2 biopsies from antrum and 2 biopsies from corpus.
      We obtained 2 biopsies from each biopsy site for urease test and
      histopathological assessment. Golden standard positivity for the presence of H.
      pylori colonization was defined as concomitantly positive urease test and
      histologically detected bacteria found at the same biopsy site. RESULTS: Forty
      three patients had H. pylori colonization. Colonization rates of H. pylori,
      sensitivities of urease testing, and histopathology in 4 biopsy sites were not
      statistically different. Sensitivity of urease testing was 81.4% for 1 biopsy and
      100% for 4 cumulative biopsies. Sensitivities of histological assessment were 93%
      and 100% for 1 and 4 biopsies, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study
      suggest that 2 biopsies for urease testing and 1 biopsy for histopathology
      obtained from the antrum or corpus of the stomach were sufficient to obtain the
      highest statistically significant diagnostic sensitivity.

PMID- 9951900
TI  - The epidemiology of hemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract in the mid
      nineties--has anything changed?
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a frequent medical problem and a
      significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this retrospective
      analysis, which was carried out at our institution, was to establish the causes
      of hemorrhage from the upper digestive tract during a 3-year period. METHODOLOGY:
      The retrospective study includes those patients in which urgent endoscopic
      investigations of the upper digestive tract were carried out between 1 January
      1994 and 31 December 1996. RESULTS: 2150 patients were investigated: 797 women
      and 1353 men. The average age of our patients was 57 years (a 3-97 year span,
      SD+/-17). In 665 patients (35.8%), endoscopic investigation of the upper
      digestive tube revealed signs of acute hemorrhage or traces of previous
      hemorrhage. Endoscopic hemostasis was carried out in 577 cases (31.1%). Sequelae
      of ulcer disease were the cause of hemorrhage in 46.1% of investigated patients.
      Frequent causes of hemorrhage were also inflammatory, hemorrhagically-erosive
      changes of the gastric and duodenal mucosa (21.9%), ruptured esophageal varices
      (9.4%), and esophageal reflux disease (8.0%). In 13.6% of patients the cause of
      hemorrhage did not lie in the upper digestive tract. In 50.3% of cases the
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage manifested itself by the discharge of melenic feces,
      and in 33.1% by hematemesis. 47.2% of our patients were aged over 60.
      CONCLUSIONS: Also in our society sequelae of ulcer disease are the most
      significant cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Hemorrhages are frequent in
      elderly patients who usually have accompanying diseases.

PMID- 9951899
TI  - Gastric emptying after gastric interposition for esophageal carcinoma: comparison
      between the anterior and posterior mediastinal approaches.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Close observation and evaluation of the function of the
      transposed stomach after esophagectomy is essential. The present study uses the
      sulfamethizole capsule meal test to evaluate differences in gastric emptying
      between the anterior and posterior mediastinal approaches in patients undergoing
      esophagectomy. METHODOLOGY: Thirty-eight patients who underwent the esophagectomy
      and esophagogastrostomy for esophageal cancer were randomly divided into 2
      groups: Group 1: anterior mediastinal approach, and Group 2: posterior
      mediastinal approach. Gastric emptying was studied using the sulfamethizole
      capsule meal test. Patients received sulfamethizole food capsules, 65 g of bread,
      and 150 ml of water. Plasma sulfamethizole levels were determined by high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Gastric emptying in both
      groups was significantly accelerated compared to healthy volunteers. Gastric
      emptying did not differ significantly between groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: The
      present data show that the sulfamethizole capsule meal test is an effective means
      of evaluating the emptying of the transposed stomach. Furthermore, when the
      stomach is used as an esophageal substitute following esophagectomy, gastric
      emptying does not differ according to the access route.

PMID- 9951901
TI  - Helicobacter pylori infection and age on the development of intestinal metaplasia
      -a multiple logistic regression analysis.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Both intestinal metaplasia (IM) and Helicobacter pylori (H.
      pylori) infection have been linked to gastric carcinogenesis in an age-dependent
      manner. However, their relationship remains ill defined, especially with respect
      to age. METHODOLOGY: Three hundred and two asymptomatic subjects (167 males and
      135 females; mean age 44.3+/-11.1 years) underwent complete endoscopic
      examination and biopsy at the antrum and the corpus. H. pylori infection was
      diagnosed according to histopathology and serology, while IM was determined by
      histopathology. RESULTS: Eighty-four patients (27.8%) had IM, while 185 patients
      (61.3%) were seropositive to H. pylori. The frequency of IM was higher in
      patients with gastric ulcer (9/14, 64.3%) than in those with minimal change
      (68/229, 29.7%) or duodenal ulcer (7/59, 11.9%), both p<0.01. Patients with IM
      had a higher mean age (49.5+/-14.1 vs. 42.3+/-9.0, p<0.01) and a higher H. pylori
      prevalence than those without IM (61/84, 72.6% vs. 124/218, 56.9%, p<0.01). The
      concordance rate of H. pylori infection between histopathologic and serologic
      diagnosis was lower in patients with IM (67/84, 79.8%) than those without
      (196/218, 89.9%, p<0.05). Using logistic regression analyses, the development of
      IM was noted to be independently related to both H. pylori infection (odds
      ratio=1.97, 95% confidence interval: 1.1(3.53)) and age (odds ratio = 1.93, 95%
      confidence interval: 1.51(2.47)). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that age and H.
      pylori infection are independent risk factors for the development of IM.
      Furthermore, H. pylori infection may have been underestimated in patients with IM
      because of the use of a single method of detection.

PMID- 9951902
TI  - Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection, histological gastritis, and
      functional dyspepsia.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: It is still controversial as to whether or not Helicobacter
      pylori (H. pylori) infection, histological gastritis, and functional dyspepsia
      (FD) are intercorrelated. We prospectively evaluated patients with functional
      dyspepsia in an attempt to clarify this issue. METHODOLOGY: Eighty-eight
      consecutive patients with functional dyspepsia (age range: 18-84 years) who did
      not show disease(s) other than gastritis were investigated. In a questionnaire
      they were asked to report the presence or absence of 8 upper gastrointestinal
      (GI) symptoms and to score them from 0 (absence) to 3 (severe), whereupon a sum
      score was calculated. Forty age-matched subjects with a sum score of <3 served as
      controls. Biopsy specimens for histology, bacterial culture, and rapid urease
      test were taken. A C13-urease breath test was also performed in 122 subjects.
      RESULTS: H. pylori infection was present in 43% of patients with functional
      dyspepsia and 35% of control subjects (not significant (n.s.)). None of the
      symptoms were correlated with H. pylori infection. The median symptom sum score
      was 8.5 in H. pylori-positive and 9.5 in H. pylori-negative patients with
      functional dyspepsia (n.s.). Histological gastritis was strongly associated with
      H. pylori infection but was not correlated with any of the symptoms. CONCLUSIONS:
      In a prospective population of patients with functional dyspepsia, H. pylori
      infection or gastritis are not associated with specific or severe symptoms. Our
      data imply that H. pylori gastritis is not an important condition in the
      pathogenesis of dyspeptic complaints.

PMID- 9951903
TI  - Detection of interferon inhibitors or antagonists in gastrointestinal
      malignancies.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the IFN-inhibiting
      activity in sera from patients with gastrointestinal malignancies, exerted in a
      variety of cellular types, as well as to elucidate the determinants of cellular
      sensitivity to such IFN-inhibitors. METHODOLOGY: Sera from 16 patients with
      gastric cancer and 18 with colon cancer were tested, while sera from 37 healthy
      blood donors were used as controls. All serum samples, collected before any kind
      of treatment, were tested for IFN-blocking and endogenous IFN-like activity.
      These activities were determined by assaying the inhibition of the vesicular
      stomatitis virus specific cytopathic effect in three cell lines: A549 cells,
      intestine 407 and Chang liver cells. RESULTS: There was no endogenous IFN in any
      of the serum samples of patients or controls. Concerning the IFN blocking
      activity of serum, there was no significant difference between gastric and colon
      cancer, while a marked variability was prominent depending on the cell line used.
      76.4% of serum samples exerted IFN-blocking activity in the A549 cells, 47.05% in
      the Int-407 cell line and 32.3% in the Chang Liver cells. No control sample had
      IFN-blocking activity in any of the cell lines tested. CONCLUSIONS: The results
      support a cytokine and cytokine inhibitors network, mediating pathophysiological
      events at the cellular level as well as the whole organism. The limited
      responsiveness of many neoplasias, including digestive system cancer, to IFN
      treatment might be due to the presence of IFN inhibitors in the patient's serum.

PMID- 9951904
TI  - Targeting locoregional immunochemotherapy with new drugs in metastatic liver
      disease: a promising alternative.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: A retrospective report of our experience with adjuvant targeted
      locoregional immunochemotherapy using new drugs in 29 Stage IV colorectal cancer
      patients with unresectable metastatic liver disease from September 1997 to
      December 1998. METHODOLOGY: After pre-operative screening, all patients were
      subjected to laparotomy for insertion of transhepatic and transplenic arterial
      catheters, both implanted subcutaneously in the right upper abdominal quadrant. A
      bolus transhepatic arterial chemotherapy using Eloxatine 150 mg/m2 and Campton
      140 mg/m2, suspended in a 5:1 lipiodol-urografin emulsion, was given 15 days post
      operatively, followed the day after by 5 daily transplenic artery and then 5
      daily transhepatic arterial injections of IL-2 in a 5:1 lipiodol-urografin
      mixture. This treatment schema was repeated at 2-month intervals. RESULTS:
      Treatment response was recorded: CR=24.2%, PR=55.2%, SD=10.3%, and PD=10.3%.
      Seventy-nine percent responded favorably with 7 patients (24.2%) showing marked
      tumor bulk reductions. There were no treatment-related morbidities or
      mortalities. CONCLUSIONS: All 29 patients are alive with a median survival of 11
      months as of this writing. Eighty percent report a significant improvement in
      quality of life. Targeted locoregional immunochemotherapy using the above drugs
      is a promising option for patients with far-advanced metastatic liver disease.

PMID- 9951905
TI  - GB virus C infection by blood transfusion during and following liver surgery.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: GB virus C has been associated with some cases of fulminant
      hepatitis and post-transfusion hepatitis. We examined transfusion-related
      infection with this virus. METHODOLOGY: Of 150 patients undergoing liver
      resection, 108 received a homologous blood transfusion. Serum samples before and
      after surgery were examined for GB virus C RNA by a nested polymerase chain
      reaction with reverse transcription. We also studied the post-operative course of
      patients infected with GB virus C by blood transfusion. RESULTS: Viral RNA was
      detected in sera taken after transfusion in 4 (4%) patients receiving homologous
      transfusions. Viral RNA was not detected after surgery in the 42 patients given
      autologous transfusions or not receiving homologous blood. Post-operative courses
      in the 4 infected patients were uneventful. CONCLUSIONS: As 4% of homologous
      transfusions resulted in GB virus C infection in our small surgical study,
      autologous transfusion is recommended when circumstances permit.

PMID- 9951906
TI  - Lipid parameters predicting liver function in patients with cirrhosis and after
      liver transplantation.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: The liver plays a central role in the production and metabolism
      of lipoproteins, regulating their synthesis and degradation. The protein content
      of the lipoproteins are the so-called apolipoproteins. Some of the
      apolipoproteins serve as cofactors for enzymatic reactions, as ligands for
      interaction with specific receptors, and as structural proteins. Apolipoprotein B
      (apoB) is the primary structural component of the atherogenic low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) particles and has a specific binding region for interacting
      with the LDL-receptor. In contrast, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) represents the
      primary protein content of the high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, which
      interacts with the putative HDL-receptor, and stimulates the enzymatic reaction
      of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) resulting in esterified
      cholesterol, which is the essential step in the process of reverse cholesterol
      transport. METHODOLOGY: We studied lipid parameters in arterial and hepatic
      venous serum samples from 52 patients with cirrhosis and from 16 patients in the
      clinically stable long-term course after liver transplantation. Splanchnic blood
      flow was measured (indocyanine-green steady-state infusion) and hepatic
      extraction/production rates were calculated. To assess the influence of the
      clinical stage of established cirrhosis, the quantitated parameters were
      statistically analyzed. RESULTS: In cirrhosis, apolipoprotein A-I levels are
      decreased depending on the clinical stage (p<0.01). This parameter showed
      excellent correlations to liver function tests. Triglycerides (TG) (p<0.05) and
      cholesterol (Chol) (p<0.05) were reduced as well, whereas apolipoprotein B levels
      did not change. In cirrhosis, hepatic production of both cholesterol and
      triglycerides were decreased (p<0.05 each), as well as hepatic extraction of free
      fatty acids (FFA) (p<0.01). Except for cholestatic liver disease with raised
      serum cholesterol (p<0.05) and apolipoprotein B levels (p<0.001), the etiology of
      cirrhosis had no impact on the observed serum lipid alterations. CONCLUSIONS: The
      serum concentrations of the determined lipid parameters depend primarily on liver
      function. Decreased liver function was associated with reduced extraction of free
      fatty acids and reduced cholesterol and triglyceride synthesis. Liver
      transplantation restored the lipid abnormalities to normal. Finally,
      apolipoprotein A-I served as an excellent parameter for predicting liver function
      in the studied patients.

PMID- 9951908
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of liver hydatid disease.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Human echinococcosis is endemic in some areas of the world,
      including Mediterranean countries. The liver is the most frequent seat of
      echinococcosis, involved in about 70% of cases. Because there is still no
      effective medical therapy, surgery remains the treatment of choice. METHODOLOGY:
      Twenty-seven patients operated on for liver hydatid disease between 1990 and 1995
      were analyzed and compared with results obtained from a study undertaken at our
      clinic between 1960 and 1988. RESULTS: The diagnosis was established by typical
      case history, clinical features and laboratory tests, of which imaging methods
      proved most informative. Radical procedures (total pericystectomy and liver
      resection) seem to be too aggressive for treatment. Marsupialization and drainage
      were mostly abandoned, because of high morbidity rates. CONCLUSIONS: Among
      surgical procedures used at our clinic, evacuation of the cyst with partial
      excision of the pericyst and omentoplasty resulted in the lowest morbidity and,
      thereupon, the shortest post-operative hospital stay and the best clinical
      results.

PMID- 9951907
TI  - Semiquantitative evaluation of hepatic fibrosis by measuring tissue
      hydroxyproline.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: It is important to evaluate the degree of hepatic fibrosis when
      diagnosing and treating hepatic cirrhosis. We focused on hydroxyproline, which is
      detected specifically in collagen, which plays a major role in hepatic fibrosis.
      The correlations between liver tissue hydroxyproline residue levels and the
      degree of hepatic fibrosis were examined in dogs with dimethylnitrosamine-induced
      fibrotic livers. METHODOLOGY: Dimethylnitrosamine was administered to dogs to
      establish experimental hepatic fibrosis. Paraffinized sections of liver
      specimens, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and azan, were examined and the degree
      of hepatic fibrosis was graded. About three-milligram samples of liver tissue
      were loaded onto a fully automated liquid chromatograph and the levels of
      hydroxyproline residues were measured. RESULTS: The liver tissue hydroxyproline
      appeared to reflect the degree of hepatic fibrosis. The liver tissue
      hydroxyproline levels and pathological hepatic fibrosis grades correlated
      significantly (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Tissue hydroxyproline appears to be a more
      useful fibrosis marker, because hydroxyproline is influenced less by other
      factors. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that a very small amount of liver
      tissue (wet weight 3 mg) was enough to enable the levels of hydroxyproline
      residues to be measured by an automated amino acid analyzer (JLC-3000) and
      hepatic fibrosis is expressed as the numerical value by this analysis.

PMID- 9951909
TI  - Effect of tuftsin on human Kupffer cell.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Kupffer cells are the most important category of
      reticuloendothelial cells which are critical for host defense in the liver. We
      investigated the effects of tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) on human Kupffer cells.
      METHODOLOGY: Human Kupffer cells were obtained from the livers of patients with
      colon cancer. Phagocytosis assay was done by microscopic counting of the number
      of Kupffer cells that engulfed fluorescent particle(s), and the number of the
      particles engulfed per Kupffer cell when Kupffer cells were incubated with and
      without tuftsin. Effect of tuftsin on the release of tumor necrosis factor from
      Kupffer cells was also studied. RESULTS: Phagocytosis was enhanced significantly
      by tuftsin. The greatest effect on percentage of phagocytic cells was observed at
      1.0 microg/ml of tuftsin. The mean number of particles engulfed per Kupffer cell
      was also increased with tuftsin 1.0 microg/ml. Tumor necrosis factor release was
      also significantly increased; the greatest effect was observed at 1.0 microg/ml
      of tuftsin. CONCLUSIONS: Tuftsin enhances phagocytic activity and tumor necrosis
      factor release of human Kupffer cells, which are advantageous for host defense
      against invading microorganisms and tumor cells.

PMID- 9951910
TI  - Risk factors influencing the outcome of portal and mesenteric vein thrombosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study analyzes risk factors that influence the course and
      outcome of portal and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis (PMVT). METHODOLOGY: We
      retrospectively reviewed 45 patients who were admitted to our institution over a
      17-year period with a diagnosis of PMVT. Patients were classified according to
      three etiological groups, namely: cirrhosis (47%), pancreatitis (22%), and other
      causes (33%), with 1 patient belonging to two different groups. RESULTS: Over the
      course of the disease, rupture of gastric or esophageal varices was more frequent
      (p<0.005) in cirrhotics (75%) than non-cirrhotics (17%). Sclerotherapy was always
      the first treatment for variceal bleeding, with a success rate of 73% but a rate
      of recurrence of 56%. Surgical procedures were performed on 22% of patients.
      Actuarial survival was 43% at 5 years, but survival was significantly increased
      for idiopathic cases (p=0.005) and decreased in the presence of cirrhosis
      (p<0.001), malignancy (p<0.0001) or hematemesis (p<0.005). Gastrointestinal
      bleeding and terminal malignancies were responsible for 50% of deaths.
      CONCLUSIONS: Cirrhotic patients experience a detrimental outcome with an
      increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, which is the first cause of
      mortality in PMVT. Non-cirrhotic patients, especially idiopathic cases, enjoy a
      longer survival rate and seldom bleed, which allows for the use of
      anticoagulative therapy.

PMID- 9951911
TI  - Phase II clinical trial of combined natural interferon-beta plus recombinant
      interferon-gamma treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha) is an effective treatment for
      chronic hepatitis B but only 25-40% of patients will profit from a long-term
      beneficial response to the currently recommended schedule of 3-6 MU given 3 times
      a week for 6 months. Clinical trials are therefore needed to investigate
      alternative modifications of interferon therapy, including combinations of
      different antivirals or immune modulators in order to improve the therapeutic
      approach to chronic hepatitis B infection. In a phase II trial we evaluated
      whether a combination of natural interferon-beta (nIFN-beta) with strong
      antiviral activity plus recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) with a
      predominantly immunomodulatory activity is able to increase the response rate
      compared to historical controls treated with IFN-alpha in a conventional regimen.
      METHODOLOGY: Forty patients with chronic hepatitis B were included in this trial
      of combined interferon therapy at a dosage of 6 MU nIFN-beta during week 1
      followed by 3 MU for weeks 2-4 plus rIFN-gamma at a daily subcutaneous (s.c.)
      injection of 150 microg during the entire 4 weeks of the treatment period.
      Patients entered the trial on the basis of the following criteria: hepatitis B
      surface antigen (HBsAG), HBeAG and HBV-DNA positive for at least 6 months, HDV,
      EBV, CMV, anti-HIV negative, and chronic hepatitis proven on biopsy taken within
      4 weeks of entry as well as 6 and/or 12 months after interferon therapy. The
      final diagnosis and classification of chronic hepatitis has been based on
      guidelines according to a revised classification of chronic hepatitis (Desmet
      1994). The post-treatment follow-up was 12 months. RESULTS: The combined
      interferon therapy achieved complete responses with seroconversion from HBeAG to
      anti-HBe and a negative HBV-DNA (dot blot) test, as well as normalization of ALT
      activity in 15 patients, and partial response with negativation of HBV-DNA
      concomitant to a decrease in aminotransferase activity to near normal levels in 6
      patients. Nineteen patients showed no response to viral markers but showed relief
      of clinical symptoms as well as pronounced decrease of serumtransaminase
      activity. Grading of liver biopsies demonstrated an improvement of histologic
      parameters after the interferon regimen in half of the evaluable patients (n=22).
      Histological response has been quantified by a reduction in the score of
      histological activity (HAI-index) from 12.6 before to 7.6 after interferon
      therapy, and in the inflammation and cellular degeneration score (ICD) from 9.9
      to 5.2. Histological response, however, failed to show a consistent correlation
      with serologic response. This medium-dose combination of interferon-beta and
      interferon-gamma was tolerated very well by the patients, this good tolerability
      being explained by tachyphylaxis in response to daily interferon doses. No
      serious side effects or decompensation of liver function were observed during the
      4-week period of therapy or the follow-up, despite the special clinical situation
      where 60% of the patients included in the study presented with histologically
      proven cirrhosis (35% of them with clinical manifestation of mildly decompensated
      cirrhosis). CONCLUSIONS: This short-term regimen of combined nIFN-beta + rIFN
      gamma therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B proved to be equieffective to
      long-term treatment with interferon-alpha and combines high clinical tolerability
      with good practicability, as it can be administered on an in-patient basis,
      ensuring close patient monitoring.

PMID- 9951912
TI  - In vivo effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon
      combination on monocyte-macrophage and T-lymphocyte functions in chronic
      hepatitis B leukocytopenic patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Both rhGM-CSF and IFN-gamma have antiviral and immunoregulatory
      effects. Furthermore, GM-CSF has the advantage of increasing WBC in
      leukocytopenic patients. METHODOLOGY: We investigated a) the antiviral effects of
      rhGM-CSF and INF-alpha combination treatment in 12 chronic hepatitis B patients
      with leukocytopenia as a result or not of previous interferon therapy, b) the in
      vivo effects of these agents on monocyte-macrophage and T-lymphocyte functions
      and, c) their correlation to HBV infection outcome. RESULTS: Combination therapy
      caused a significant fall in HBV-DNA levels (p<0.0002), accompanied by
      significant reductions in transaminase levels and in histological activity index
      (p<0.0001, in each case). In parallel, rhGM-CSF induced a 2.7- to 5-fold weekly
      increment in WBC. Moreover, treatment caused a significant increase in all
      monocyte-macrophage parameters (p<0.0001 for random, directed migration and
      phagocytosis index) and in peripheral blood lymphocyte parameters (p<0.0001 for
      IL-2r and HLA-DR expression) studied. A similar picture was also obtained from
      cytokine levels (IL-2 and GM-CSF) in the supernatants from PHA-cultured T
      lymphocytes (p<0.0003, <0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The combined therapy
      achieves the initial treatment aim of increasing WBC and exerting an antiviral
      effect. In addition, the observed changes in immunological parameters probably
      reflect a Th1 pattern of immune response that could be responsible for the fate
      of HBV infection. Finally, cytokine levels (IL-2 and GM-CSF) in the supernatants
      might serve to monitor viral activity and outcome of the HBV infection.

PMID- 9951913
TI  - Evaluation of contrast echocardiography and lung perfusion scan in detecting
      intrapulmonary vascular dilatation in normoxemic patients with early liver
      cirrhosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Intrapulmonary vascular dilatations (IPVD) are extrahepatic
      complications occurring in liver transplant candidates, that can result in severe
      hypoxemia. The aim of this study was to compare the use of two diagnostic
      modalities, contrast echocardiography and lung perfusion scan, in detecting IPVD
      in normoxemic patients with early liver cirrhosis. METHODOLOGY: Fifty-six
      consecutive outpatients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis had contrast
      echocardiography, a lung perfusion scan, pulmonary function tests, and arterial
      blood gas estimations. All patients were grade A or B according to the Child-Pugh
      classification. Patients with chronic intrinsic lung disease, heart failure or
      malignancy were excluded from the study. RESULTS: All patients had normal
      arterial blood-gas analyses. Eight out of 56 patients (14.3%) had a positive
      contrast echocardiogram, all with a decreased diffusion capacity (DLCO < 75% of
      the predicted value). An isolated DLCO impairment was observed in 40% of the
      patients with normal spirometry. None of the patients with echocardiography
      proven IPVD had a positive lung perfusion scan (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: In
      normoxemic cirrhotic patients, subclinical pulmonary vasodilatation and gas
      exchange abnormalities can occur. Contrast-enhanced echocardiography is the most
      valuable screening test in detecting IPVD in the early stages of hepatic
      insufficiency.

PMID- 9951915
TI  - Effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) on quantitative
      liver function tests.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt (TIPS)
      has been established as a new effective treatment for portal hypertension in
      advanced liver disease. Impairment of liver function due to reduced portal venous
      perfusion is considered to be a major risk of TIPS, and the shunt leads to an
      increase in the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Known complications,
      like the increase in the incidence of HE or TIPS stenosis, are diagnosed either
      clinically or by doppler ultrasound. It is not practicable to use quantitative
      liver function tests in the diagnostic work-up of HE, and medical or
      interventional therapy can be established after clinical diagnosis. Still,
      information is limited about the influence of TIPS on quantitative liver function
      tests in patients with liver cirrhosis. Therefore, the aim of this prospective
      study was to assess the effects of TIPS on various liver function tests.
      METHODOLOGY: Fifteen patients with liver cirrhosis, a hepatopetal portal flow
      before TIPS, and an uncomplicated course without stenosis after elective TIPS
      were analysed. Liver function was quantitatively measured using the
      [14C]aminopyrine breath test (ABT), considered to be independent of hepatic blood
      flow, the monoethylglycinexylidide test (MEGX), believed to be largely dependent
      on hepatic blood flow, serum bilirubin, serum albumin, and prothrombin time.
      Measurements were performed before, 1, 3 and 6 months after TIPS. RESULTS: TIPS
      decreased the portal venous pressure gradient from 31.0+/-2.0 cm (SEM) H2O to
      16.9+/-1.8 cm H2O (p<0.01). One, 3 and 6 months after TIPS there was no
      significant deterioration of liver function as assessed by ABT, MEGX or serum
      bilirubin, serum albumin, and prothrombin time compared to baseline values before
      TIPS. ABT and MEGX were significantly correlated before TIPS (r=0.72; p<0.01) and
      after TIPS (r=0.76; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data show no significant
      deterioration of microsomal liver function as measured by the quantitative liver
      function tests ABT and MEGX over a period of 6 months after elective TIPS. In
      particular, there was no significant reduction of the MEGX-test considered to
      depend predominantly on hepatic blood flow. Thus, there is no need for the
      quantitative liver function tests ABT and MEGX in the routine management of
      patients following the TIPS procedure.

PMID- 9951914
TI  - Escalating interferon-alpha-2b dose for patients with chronic hepatitis C.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: We examined the effectiveness of escalating the dose of
      interferon-alpha-2b in subjects with chronic hepatitis C who did not respond to
      usual treatment with 3,000,000 units 3 times a week. METHODOLOGY: Treatment was
      started with 3,000,000 units of interferon-alpha-2b 3 times a week. If serum
      alanine aminotransferase activity was not normal at 12 weeks, the dose was
      increased to 3,000,000 units daily. If serum alanine aminotransferase activity
      was not normal after 12 weeks, the dose was increased to 5,000,000 units daily.
      RESULTS: Fifty-one subjects started treatment. Twenty-nine subjects had their
      dose increased to 3,000,000 units daily and only 1 responded (3%, 95% confidence
      interval 0-10.9%) while 41% (95% confidence interval 21.4-60.6%) had to
      discontinue treatment at this dose because of adverse events or intolerance. Of
      14 subjects who had their dose increased to 5,000,000 units daily, none (95%
      confidence interval 0-3.6%) responded, while 43% (95% confidence interval 13.5
      72.5%) had to discontinue treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Escalating doses of interferon
      alpha-2b are not effective and are associated with increased toxicity and
      intolerance in patients with chronic hepatitis who do not respond to initial
      treatment with 3,000,000 units 2 times a week.

PMID- 9951916
TI  - The effect of interferon and desferrioxamine on serum ferritin and hepatic iron
      concentrations in chronic hepatitis B.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recent reports indicate that an individual's iron status might
      affect the response rate achieved with Interferon therapy for the treatment of
      chronic viral hepatitis. METHODOLOGY: Forty individuals, 29 men and 11 women,
      with chronic viral hepatitis B, who had elevated serum ferritin levels, were
      randomized to receive either Interferon (IFN) 5 MU TIW SQ for 6 months alone
      (n=21) or Interferon in combination with repetitive cycles of desferrioxamine
      infused at a dose of 80 mg/kg per cycle (n=19) over 3 consecutive days in an
      effort to reduce their metabolically active iron pool during the course of IFN
      treatment. These cycles were continued until a serum ferritin level of less than
      250 ng/ml (normal values <220 ng/ml) was achieved. Additionally, all
      desferrioxamine treated subjects were placed on a low iron containing diet. An
      interferon response was defined as normalization of the serum ALT and
      seroconversion from eAg positive to eAb positive. All other responses were
      defined as failures. RESULTS: The mean ages of the subjects in the 2 groups were
      39+/-6 and 38+/-5 years. The initial serum ALT levels were 150+/-27 and 151+/-13
      IU/l. The hepatic iron concentrations were 916+/-29 and 896+/-15 microg/g/dry
      liver weight. The serum ferritin levels were 386+/-12 and 393+/-18 ng/ml. None of
      these values differed significantly between the 2 treatment groups. The
      desferrioxamine treated group consisted of 14 men and 5 women. This group
      experienced a reduction in their serum ferritin to a level of 237+/-13 ng/ml as a
      result of the desferrioxamine treatment (p<0.05). Additionally, a reduction in
      their hepatic iron concentration, to a level 766+/-29 microg/g/dry liver weight,
      occurred with treatment (p<0.05). Twelve of the 19 (63%) desferrioxamine-treated
      subjects and 8 of the 21 (38%) control subjects experienced a normalization of
      their serum ALT levels with treatment (p<0.05). Thirteen of 19 (68%) of the
      desferrioxamine-treated subjects but only 8 of 21 (38%) of the IFN alone treated
      group seroconverted to anti-e positive (p<0.05). Moreover, a greater improvement
      in the hepatic histologic score and rate of HBV-DNA loss occurred in the
      desferrioxamine-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: Based upon these data, it can be
      concluded that desferrioxamine infusion to achieve a normal serum ferritin level
      enhances the likelihood of an individual with chronic hepatitis B responding to
      IFN therapy. The precise mechanism responsible for this phenomenon is not clear,
      but would appear to be due to a reduction in the hepatic free iron pool as
      reflected by sequential changes in the serum ferritin and hepatic iron
      concentrations.

PMID- 9951917
TI  - Chronic liver diseases for the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control
      study in Japan. Etiologic association of alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking
      and the development of chronic liver diseases.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: A great number of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develop from
      chronic liver disease. Among a total of 23,000 deaths of HCC in 1988 in Japan,
      82% had positive antibodies against HBV and/or HCV. In the present study we
      investigated the etiological factors involved in this process, employing patients
      with chronic hepatitis as controls. METHODOLOGY: In this study, alcohol
      consumption and cigarette smoking were investigated in 104 male patients with HCC
      which developed from chronic liver disease and 104 male controls with chronic
      liver disease without HCC (one for each case) matched for age. RESULTS: When
      compared with non-drinkers and non-smokers, the relative risk (RR) for developing
      HCC rose to 17.9 among those with both drinking and smoking habits. The risk was
      greater than for those in whom either habit existed alone. The RR decreased among
      ex-smokers who were non-drinkers or ex-drinkers, but it was still as high as 9.4.
      For current smokers, even if they were non- or ex-drinkers, the RR was 15.4.
      CONCLUSIONS: Drinking and the cigarette smoking were both risk factors, but the
      existence of synergism between them was also suggested. Therefore, patients with
      chronic liver disease should be thoroughly counseled to refrain from both
      drinking and smoking.

PMID- 9951919
TI  - Choledocholithiasis at the hepatic confluence mimicking a hilar
      cholangiocarcinoma.
AB  - Adenocarcinomas of the bifurcation of the hepatic ducts (Klatskin tumors) are a
      relatively rare cause of obstructive jaundice. Differential diagnosis includes
      other neoplastic lesions, sclerosing cholangitis, Mirizzi's syndrome and benign
      strictures. We present a 46 year-old white female with a 2 month history of
      epigastric pain and progressive jaundice. Endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) revealed a filiform stenosis of the right
      hepatic duct and an obstructed left hepatic duct, an image strongly suggestive of
      a Klatskin tumor. The correct diagnosis was achieved, however, by percutaneous
      transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), which disclosed a gallstone at the common
      hepatic duct bifurcation and multiple small concrements in the left hepatic duct.
      After endoscopic removal of the gallstones in the biliary tree and laparoscopic
      cholecystectomy, the patient was discharged on the third post-operative day.
      Protuberant tumors and round biliary stones may be confused at ERCP.

PMID- 9951918
TI  - Laparoscopic liver resection compared with conventional partial hepatectomy--a
      prospective analysis.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Tumor size and location are the major influences on the
      practicality of a laparoscopic operation. Visual control of the operating field
      is important for isolation and ligation of blood vessels and bile ducts after
      selective liver dissection by suitable techniques such as the water-jet
      dissector. METHODOLOGY: We carried out laparoscopic liver resections with the Jet
      Cutter in 17 patients. The results were compared to a control group of 17 closely
      matched patients undergoing conventional hepatic resection during the period of
      the study. In 1 patient, conversion of laparoscopic to an open operation was
      required. RESULTS: Early in our learning curve, the duration of operation and
      time for resection were significantly longer in the laparoscopic group. Following
      laparoscopic operation, patients were discharged from the hospital after a mean
      of 7.8+/-8.2 days; patients having undergone conventional operation were
      discharged after a mean of 11.6+/-12.8 days. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic liver
      resection is technically feasible, but, at present, careful patient selection is
      required.

PMID- 9951921
TI  - A case of non A, non B, non C hepatitis that relapsed into fulminant hepatic
      failure.
AB  - We describe a 12 year-old patient that relapsed into fulminant non A, non B, non
      C (NANBNC) hepatitis 10 weeks post-clinical recovery. A complete clinical and
      pathological evaluation, including an ultra-structural examination of a liver
      biopsy was consistent with the diagnosis of NANBNC hepatitis. The patient
      relapsed into hepatic failure and required transplantation. NANBNC hepatitis may
      have a relapsing form that can lead to hepatic failure requiring transplantation.
      Consultants in hepatology should have a high degree of clinical awareness and
      maintain prolonged patient follow-up.

PMID- 9951920
TI  - Adult celiac disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis: two case reports.
AB  - The association of primary sclerosing cholangitis and celiac disease is uncommon.
      Herein, we report on 2 different cases which developed this association. Case 1
      was a 59 year-old female who firstly complained of symptoms of cholestasis. The
      diagnosis of primary cholangitis was made on liver biopsy, and the endoscopic
      retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed narrowing and irregularity of
      the extra- and intrahepatic bile ducts. The results were positive for
      antiendomysial antibodies and the jejunal biopsy confirmed the coexistence of
      celiac disease, which was asymptomatic until that moment. The gluten-free diet
      ameliorated the index of cholestasis. Case 2 was an old man suffering from
      undiagnosed celiac disease for at least 5 years prior to admission at our
      Department. The diagnosis was based on the histological examination of a jejunal
      biopsy. The patient did not follow the gluten-free diet and was again admitted to
      our Department 6 years later with symptoms of cholestasis. The liver biopsy and
      ERCP confirmed the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis.

PMID- 9951922
TI  - Hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis: a case report and review
      of the Japanese literature.
AB  - We present a 66 year-old woman in the cirrhotic stage of primary biliary
      cirrhosis (PBC), who developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). All serological
      tests for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were negative. We
      surveyed 16 reported cases (13 females and 3 males) of PBC associated with HCC in
      Japan. The presence of HCV RNA was determined by the polymerase chain reaction in
      all of the patients, 3 of whom (19%) were HCV RNA-positive. Although patients
      with PBC rarely develop HCC, it is suggested that HCV infection may play a minor
      role in the development of HCC in Japanese patients with PBC.

PMID- 9951923
TI  - Asymptomatic intrahepatic choledochal cyst associated with chronic active
      hepatitis C.
AB  - A rare case of asymptomatic congenital choledochal cyst (Todani Type V)
      associated with chronic active hepatitis C is reported. A 45 year-old man was
      admitted for work-up of localized cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile
      ducts after effective interferon treatment for chronic active hepatitis C.
      Radiologic examination revealed localized cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic
      bile ducts in the atrophic left lobe. A left hepatic lobectomy was performed
      because malignancy had not been excluded. Macroscopic examination of the resected
      specimen revealed cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts.
      Histologically, there was no evidence of malignancy. Hepatic lobectomy is the
      treatment of choice for Type V cysts if the disease is confined to a single lobe.
      Choledochal cysts should be excised to eliminate the potential for cholangitis,
      lithiasis, and carcinoma.

PMID- 9951924
TI  - Clinical features, image analysis, and laparoscopic and histological liver
      findings in Budd-Chiari syndrome.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Clinical manifestations and histological features of the liver
      in Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), with or without idiopathic membranous obstruction
      of the inferior vena cava (MOVC), vary according to whether BCS is acute,
      subacute or chronic. We clarified the diagnostic features in 6 patients with MOVC
      and in 1 without MOVC. METHODOLOGY: Five patients with subacute or chronic type
      BCS with MOVC complaining of epigastric pain, hematemesis and encephalopathy, and
      signs of portal hypertension or collateral circulation were seen. There was 1
      asymptomatic patient with MOVC. One patient with acute type BCS without MOVC
      revealed hepatic and multi-organ failure. Liver function tests in BCS with MOVC
      were similar to those in liver cirrhosis, and laboratory data in acute type
      without MOVC were quite the same as those seen in fulminant hepatitis. Non
      invasive image analysis by US, CT and MRI showed thrombi and obstruction of the
      IVC, and extrahepatic vasculature or communication between hepatic veins and IVC.
      Vena cavography showed the length of obstruction in IVC and collateral
      circulation in the extrahepatic or intrahepatic veins. Liver biopsy demonstrated
      massive hemorrhagic necrosis in acute type without MOVC, and laparoscopy with
      liver biopsy in asymptomatic, subacute and chronic type with MOVC showed
      subcapsular hemorrhage, congestion, fibrosis, and cirrhotic features.
      CONCLUSIONS: The non-invasive image analysis was complementary to vena
      cavography, and liver biopsy with or without laparoscopy was essential not only
      for diagnosis of acute, subacute, and chronic BCS, but also for therapeutic
      decision-making.

PMID- 9951925
TI  - Transient spontaneous regression of hepatocellular carcinoma.
AB  - We report on 2 patients with liver cirrhosis and biopsy-proven hepatocellular
      carcinoma who underwent spontaneous regression. In 1 case the tumor became
      undetectable at ultrasonography, while, in the other, the liver lesions decreased
      in size and showed inner calcifications. In both patients, alpha-fetoprotein,
      which was high at first diagnosis, returned to normal values. After a tumor-free
      period of 4 years and 17 months, respectively, liver cancer reappeared and
      patients died from complications. We advance the hypothesis that tumor
      regression, when it occurs in cirrhotic patients, is always transient, with
      chronic liver disease being the oncogenic triggering factor.

PMID- 9951926
TI  - Chronic liver failure induced by long-term administration of tegafur: a case
      report.
AB  - A 55 year-old man was admitted with massive ascites. Although the laboratory data
      on admission were compatible with hepatic cirrhosis and remarkable esophageal
      varices were observed during endoscopy, the imaging findings such as computed
      tomography and ultrasonographic examination did not confirm hepatic cirrhosis.
      The patient had no history of alcohol abuse, blood transfusions or acute
      hepatitis. Serological markers related to viral and autoimmune hepatitis were all
      negative. Seven years ago, the patient had undergone an operation for colon
      cancer and has been taking tegafur since then for a total of 55 months. Tegafur
      was suspected as the causative agent for the liver dysfunction of this patient
      and the administration of tegafur was stopped. His laboratory data improved
      gradually and the ascites vanished. The first liver biopsy performed 6 months
      after discontinuation of tegafur still revealed chronic active hepatitis.
      However, at the liver biopsy performed 18 months after withdrawal of tegafur,
      inflammatory activity had subsided and the third liver biopsy, performed 34
      months thereafter, revealed further improvement of the pathological changes that
      had occurred in the liver. We therefore conclude that the administration of
      tegafur may have caused chronic active liver injury with portal hypertension
      manifested as ascites and esophageal varices.

PMID- 9951928
TI  - Pancreatic duct patency after pancreaticogastrostomy: long-term follow-up study.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: To clarify whether the pancreatic duct remains patent during
      long-term follow-up of patients after pancreaticogastrostomy. In a previous study
      of pancreaticogastrostomy with post-operative follow up for 3 years after
      surgery, we found that the orifice of the pancreatic duct was difficult to detect
      in some patients because of swelling of the gastric mucosa. Previous studies have
      not examined pancreatic duct patency during long-term follow-up. METHODOLOGY:
      Between July 1985 and August 1989, 20 patients underwent a pylorus-preserving
      pancreaticoduodenectomy with reconstruction by pancreaticogastrostomy. Five of
      these patients were followed up post-operatively for more than 9 years to
      determine the patency of the pancreatic duct. All pancreatic anastomoses were
      performed by the telescopic method. RESULTS: All 5 patients were female, with a
      mean age of 65.4 years (range: 54-75). Median post-operative follow-up was 10.8
      years (range: 9-12). The indications for surgery were carcinoma of the ampulla of
      Vater in 4 patients and chronic pancreatitis in 1 patient. Pancreatic duct
      patency was confirmed in 4 patients by gastroscopy and pancreatography. However,
      the anastomotic orifice could not be detected in the remaining patient because of
      complete coverage by the gastric mucosa. In this patient, pancreatic exocrine and
      endocrine function deteriorated with dilation of the distal pancreatic duct. The
      patient underwent a second operation involving dissociation of the pancreatico
      gastric anastomosis and resection of about 1 cm of the fibrous, proximal portion
      of the pancreas. Reconstruction was performed with a Roux-en-Y
      pancreaticojejunostomy and a mucosa-to-mucosa anastomosis. CONCLUSIONS: Although
      pancreaticogastrostomy has been applied as a safe and straightforward method for
      reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy, anastomotic stenosis is a potential
      late complication of this approach.

PMID- 9951927
TI  - A prospective randomized study using adjuvant locoregional chemoimmunotherapy in
      combination with surgery for pancreatic carcinoma.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: A prospective randomized clinical trial combining adjuvant
      locoregional chemoimmunotherapy for pancreatic carcinoma in 512 patients was
      conducted from September 1991 to September 1998 at Athens Medical Center.
      METHODOLOGY: All patients were randomly assigned to (A) Resective Surgery
      (n=274), and (B) Palliative Surgery (n=238) groups. Each group was further
      subdivided into: (1) surgery alone, and (2) surgery plus 1-day bolus chemotherapy
      (Gemcitabine 1 gm/m2, Carboplatin 200 mg/m2 and Mitoxantrone 0.2 g/kg bw
      suspended in 10 ml of Lipiodol and 2 ml of 58% urografin), and immunotherapy (1
      ml IL-2 and 0.5 ml gamma-IFN suspended in 5 ml of Lipiodol and 1 ml of 58%
      urografin) followed by a 5-day course of transplenic and another 5-day course of
      transtumoral immunotherapy using the same agents. This was repeated at 2-month
      intervals during the first post-operative year and every 3 months thereafter.
      RESULTS: Significant reduction in patient symptomatology and improvements in post
      treatment quality of life were noted in patients receiving adjuvant
      chemoimmunotherapy. Moreover, the mean survival rate significantly improved in
      patients receiving the adjuvant treatment, both for the resective (32 months) and
      the palliative (16 months) groups. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment regimen employed
      was well tolerated and did not contribute to any clinical deterioration. Adjuvant
      targeted locoregional chemoimmunotherapy is therefore a promising avenue in the
      management of patients with pancreatic carcinoma.

PMID- 9951929
TI  - Para-aortic lymph node metastasis in carcinoma of the distal bile duct.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Lymph node dissection plays an important role in radical surgery
      for pancreaticoduodenal carcinomas. The aim of this study was to identify the
      critical areas of lymph node dissection in carcinoma of the distal bile duct.
      METHODOLOGY: Between January 1995 and December 1996, 20 consecutive patients with
      distal bile duct cancer underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with extended lymph
      node dissection (including the para-aortic nodes). Histopathologic findings were
      examined with special reference to lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: Histological
      evidence of lymph node metastasis was found in 11 patients (55%). The areas with
      frequent metastases were the posterior pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes (35%), and
      the nodes around the hepatoduodenal ligament (35%) and around the common hepatic
      artery (30%). Para-aortic lymph node involvement was identified in 5 patients
      (25%). Most of these existed in the inter-aorticocaval space. Pancreatic
      parenchymal invasion was present in 10 patients. Half of the patients with
      pancreatic invasion had para-aortic nodal involvement. Para-aortic lymph node
      metastasis was significantly associated with pancreatic parenchymal invasion
      (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In carcinoma of the distal bile duct with pancreatic
      parenchymal invasion, extended lymph node dissection (including para-aortic
      nodes) should be undertaken because of the relatively high incidence of
      metastasis.

PMID- 9951930
TI  - Clinical analysis of inflammatory masses of the pancreatic head region.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Inflammatory masses of the pancreatic head are a dilemma for
      surgeons, especially when the differences between these lesions and pancreatic
      head carcinoma are not so clear. The surgical management of these inflammatory
      benign lesions is also a topic with conflicting opinions. A clinical analysis was
      performed in an attempt to differentiate between these lesions and malignancy.
      The results of our observatory strategy of these lesions are also presented.
      METHODOLOGY: From 1992 to 1994, 73 patients with ultrasonographically (US) or
      computed tomographically (CT) heterogenous pancreatic head lesions were diagnosed
      at the Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Forty
      nine of these lesions were neoplastic (Group I), but the remaining 24 patients
      had inflammatory non-neoplastic lesions (pancreatic inflammatory masses, IPM,
      Group II), which were diagnosed during laparotomy by core needle biopsy. Surgery
      and outcome were reviewed. Ten of the 24 patients in group II received biopsy
      only, and the remaining 14 patients received bypass procedures. At follow-up of
      at least 16 months of the surviving patients (n=21), only 9.5% were with residual
      lesions. All cases in group II revealed shrinkage of masses. We focused on the
      clinical features, hematology, biochemistry, image study, serum CEA and CA 19-9,
      and compared these variances between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Three clinical
      features were statistically different between groups I and II: mean age at
      presentation of disease (group I vs II = 53.3 vs 65.1), the tendency of a past
      history of alcoholism (Group II), and presence of abdominal pain (Group II).
      Group II also showed a higher level of serum alkaline phosphatase and a lower
      level of total bilirubin as well as a lower level of CA19-9. These inflammatory
      masses could not be distinguished from the true neoplasms pre-operatively on
      endoscopic appearance, US, or CT. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-operative differentiation
      between these pancreatic lesions may be difficult but laparotomy and core needle
      biopsy remain safe and reliable procedures. Our short-term follow-up justified
      the bypass surgery and that observatory strategy is enough for those patients
      with pancreatic head inflammatory masses.

PMID- 9951931
TI  - Pre-operative predictors of short-term survival after pancreatic cancer
      resection.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of the present study is to investigate the pre-operative
      factors that affect short-term survival after pancreatic cancer resection and to
      evaluate their prognostic value. METHODOLOGY: Fifty-nine patients with ductal
      adenocarcinoma of the pancreas operated on in the Second Department of Surgery,
      Hokkaido University Hospital between 1989 and 1996 were reviewed. RESULTS: The
      patients had a mean age of 62.6 years. The difference of survival between
      patients aged 62 years or younger and older patients was significant (p=0.0053).
      Primary tumor size was evaluated with enhanced CT examination; 36 patients had
      tumors larger than 3 cm in diameter. The 1-year survival rate of patients with
      tumors 3 cm or less in diameter was significantly better than that of patients
      with primary tumors greater than 3 cm in diameter (p=0.0258). Analysis of
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) showed a significant difference in 1-year survival
      rates between patients with a pre-operative value below twice the diagnostic
      cutoff level (cutoff index; C.I.) and patients with a value above this level
      (p=0.0006). The 1-year survival rate for the subset of younger patients (= or <
      62 years) with smaller tumors (3 cm or less) and a lower pre-operative serum CEA
      level (= or < two times of C.I.), was 72.7% (n=11). Multivariate analysis
      indicated that age and the pre-operative serum CEA level were both independent
      prognostic factors of 1-year survival (p=0.0077, and 0.003, respectively),
      although the statistical significance of tumor size was weak (p=0.107).
      CONCLUSIONS: It was suggested that age and serum CEA level were independent
      prognostic factors of short-term survival after pancreatic cancer resection.

PMID- 9951932
TI  - Lessons learned from a complicated case of cephalic obstructive chronic
      pancreatitis.
AB  - The authors report the complex case of a 51 year-old man admitted to his local
      hospital for gallbladder and common bile duct lithiasis, 1 year before admission
      to our hospital. There, he was treated by cholecystectomy and transduodenal
      biliary sphincteroplasty. He was readmitted after 3 months because of a painful
      episode and was discharged with the diagnosis of "relapsing acute pancreatitis in
      chronic pancreatitis." At our hospital, he underwent laparotomy and revision of
      the previous transduodenal biliary sphincteroplasty. Pancreatic sphincteroplasty
      and septectomy were also performed. The night after surgery, the patient suffered
      from acute post-operative pancreatitis complicated by severe hemorrhage due to
      erosion of the superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, treated with gastroduodenal
      artery embolization by tungsten coils. Three months later, the patient suffered
      from another acute episode. An endoscopic retrograde colangio pancreatography
      (ERCP) showed the complete patency of the sphincteroplasties but clearly
      identified the persistence of a severe cephalic stricture. Therefore, the patient
      was readmitted to our hospital and underwent another laparotomy. A pylorus
      preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) was performed. The post-operative
      course was uneventful and at 14 months follow-up the patient was in good health.
      The discussion focuses on the surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis with
      cephalic Wirsung duct stenosis, stressing the increasing role of PPPD as a first
      choice option.

PMID- 9951933
TI  - Ductectatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas: a rare variant.
AB  - A rare case of the ductectatic variant of mucinous pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma
      in a 64 year-old man, presenting with painless obstructive jaundice, is reported.
      CT scan revealed a multicystic lesion of the pancreatic head, which caused
      biliary obstruction. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) revealed the
      characteristic grapelike cluster pattern of pancreatic ductectatic neoplasms.
      Pancreaticoduodenectomy was then successfully performed. Pancreatic ductectatic
      mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a rare entity, presenting, usually, with
      obstructive pancreatitis, and is histologically indistinguishable from the
      classic malignant mucinous cystic neoplasm. ERP is the diagnostic method of
      choice and should be performed in any case of susceptible pancreatic lesions.

PMID- 9951934
TI  - A case of solitary metastatic pancreatic cancer from rectal carcinoma: a case
      report.
AB  - A 79 year-old male who had undergone resection of the rectum for rectal cancer
      was shown to have metastasis to the pancreas 11 years after surgery. The
      metastatic lesion was located at the tail and body of the pancreas, and was
      resected with distal pancreatectomy. The same patient also had metastasis to the
      lung 8 years after initial rectal surgery. Therefore, the course of metastasis to
      the pancreas was suggested to be from the metastatic lung tumor to the pancreas
      by hematogenous spread. The patient was considered disease-free 8 months after
      the pancreatectomy. Recent advances in the technology of diagnostic imaging have
      facilitated the selection of surgical therapy for metastasis to the pancreas in
      rectal cancer patients after follow-up by imaging diagnosis.

PMID- 9951935
TI  - Benign retroperitoneal schwannoma mimicking a pancreatic cystic tumor: case
      report and literature review.
AB  - A rare case of benign retroperitoneal schwannoma mimicking a pancreatic cystic
      tumor is reported herein. The tumor mass, based on a computed tomography scan and
      an abdominal echo examination, was initially suspected to be a mucinous
      cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. However, the surgical and
      pathohistological findings made a final diagnosis of benign pancreatic
      schwannoma. The patient is doing well at a 2-year follow-up. The tumor, 18x17x15
      cm in size, represented the largest among reported pancreatic schwannomas.
      Furthermore, a comprehensive review of reported cases of pancreatic schwannoma
      was carried out to summarize corresponding findings, including benign or
      malignant forms, adherence to other tissues, cystic change of the tumor, as well
      as relation to von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 9951936
TI  - Mucinous cystadenoma of the pancreas as a cause of acute pancreatitis.
AB  - Acute pancreatitis is only rarely the first presentation of a cystic neoplasm of
      the pancreas. Mucinous cystadenomas have not been reported to be a cause of acute
      pancreatitis; however, we present two cases of mucinous cystadenoma of the
      pancreas which have caused acute pancreatitis. Both patients (female) presented
      acute abdominal pain, with serum amylase elevation and ultrasound scan (US) and
      computed tomography (CT) evidence of moderate pancreatitis, which resolved with
      medical treatment; fluid collection in the distal pancreas had been
      misinterpreted as a pseudocyst. There was no history of alcohol abuse or
      gallstone disease. After distal pancreatectomy the diagnosis of mucinous
      cystadenoma was confirmed; in one case a large pseudocyst was associated with
      this diagnosis. Pre-operative differential diagnosis between inflammatory and
      neoplastic cysts is difficult, especially when the patient's first presentation
      is due to an episode of acute pancreatitis. A neoplastic cyst should be
      considered when acute pancreatitis attacks occur in non-alcoholic women, who do
      not have gallstone disease.

PMID- 9951937
TI  - Can clamping of splenic vessels prevent abrupt increase of portal vein pressure
      and migration of transplanted hepatocytes to the liver after intrasplenic
      hepatocyte transplantation?
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: It is well known that hepatocyte transplantation can retain some
      proper functions, significantly improve the survival rate of rats with different
      models of acute fulminant hepatic failure, correct some congenital genetic
      disorders, and improve liver function in cirrhosis. Portal hypertension and
      hepatic embolization have been described following intrasplenic hepatocyte
      transplantation. We evaluated the effect of temporary occlusion of splenic
      vessels on changes in portal vein pressure and on distribution of transplanted
      hepatocytes after hepatocyte transplantation into the spleen in normal rats.
      METHODOLOGY: Liver cirrhosis has been induced in rats by 1% dimethylnitrosamine
      (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo) dissolved in normal saline at the dose of 10 ml of DMN/Kg,
      i.p., 3 consecutive days a week for 4 weeks. Donor hepatocytes were harvested by
      in situ ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) perfusion. Changes in portal vein
      pressures were monitored by a pressure monitor and distribution of transplanted
      hepatocytes was assayed by measurement of radioactivity of 51Cr-labeled
      transplanted hepatocytes according to clamping or non-clamping during
      intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantation. RESULTS: The changes in portal pressure
      remained significantly high 10 min after hepatocyte transplantation in the
      nonocclusion groups compared to the occlusion groups. However, the changes in
      portal vein pressures in cirrhotic rats returned to normal faster than in normal
      rats after cell transplantation in the nonocclusion groups. The distribution of
      51Cr-labeled transplanted hepatocytes into the spleen significantly diminished
      radioactivity of the liver at 10 min, 2 hours, and 24 hours in the occlusion
      groups compared to the nonocclusion groups. Also, duration of clamping time of
      splenic vessels did not influence the initial distribution of transplanted
      hepatocytes at the time of intrasplenic hepatocyte injection. CONCLUSIONS: These
      results suggested that temporary occlusion of splenic vessels should be routinely
      used during intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantation.

PMID- 9951938
TI  - Reversible hypersplenism after splenopexy for wandering spleen.
AB  - Wandering spleen is a rare condition characterized by a normal spleen with
      extreme mobility associated with an elongated pedicle. The most common
      presentation is an acute surgical abdomen related to acute torsion. A case of
      wandering spleen complicated by symptomatic hypersplenism in a 29 year-old woman
      is presented. The hypersplenism was diagnosed after bleeding delivery, requiring
      blood transfusion. Wandering spleen was suspected after pre-operatively performed
      CT scan. The patient was successfully treated by splenopexy. This report
      illustrates that conservative surgical management may result in complete reversal
      of hematological symptoms.

PMID- 9951939
TI  - Helicobacter pylori-seronegative gastric carcinoma: a subset of gastric carcinoma
      with distinct clinicopathologic features.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: The frequent association of gastric atrophy and intestinal
      metaplasia in gastric cancer (GC) might preclude serologic detection of
      Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in GC. By using polymerase chain
      reaction (PCR) for detection, we would like to determine whether there exists a
      subset of genuinely H. pylori-negative GC patients, and whether they have
      distinct clinicopathologic features or not. METHODOLOGY: IgG antibodies against
      H. pylori were determined by ELISA in sera, and H. pylori DNA was detected by PCR
      in resected gastric specimens from 160 GC patients. Clinicopathologic
      characteristics were then compared among group A: seropositive, group B:
      seronegative but PCR-positive, and group C: seronegative and PCR-negative.
      RESULTS: Among 160 patients, 105 (65.6%) were classified as group A, 25 (15.6%)
      as group B, and 30 (18.8%) as group C. Group B patients were older and had more
      infiltrative tumor growth than group A. Group C had a significantly higher
      frequency of female predominance, and their cancers were of a more cardiac
      location and of the diffuse histologic subtype than those of groups A and B.
      CONCLUSIONS: A significant portion (15.6%) was negative to ELISA but positive to
      PCR, suggesting that older ages and infiltrative tumor growth might preclude
      serologic detection of H. pylori infection by impairing humoral responses.
      Although the majority (81.2%) has a strong association with H. pylori infection,
      an H. pylori-negative subset indeed exists and has distinct clinicopathologic
      features, supporting that causes other than H. pylori infection are involved in
      GC carcinogenesis.

PMID- 9951941
TI  - Magaldrate stimulates endogenous prostaglandin E2 synthesis in human gastric
      mucosa in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays an important role in the
      inhibition of gastric acid production and exerts cytoprotective action. The in
      vitro and in vivo effect of magaldrate, an aluminum containing antacid, on PGE2
      synthesis in the gastric mucosa was investigated. METHODOLOGY: In the first part
      of the study, magaldrate was added to a suspension of isolated gastric mucosal
      cells. In the second part, the antacid gel was applied to the gastric mucosa
      during gastroscopy and biopsies were taken from the same site 5 and 10 min later.
      RESULTS: The antacid significantly stimulated PGE2 release from the suspension of
      isolated gastric cells in vitro. The biopsies obtained after the application of
      magaldrate showed an increased PGE2 production compared to specimens obtained
      before. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that in addition to its neutralizing
      capacity as an antacid, magaldrate contributes to the cytoprotective activity of
      the mucosa by stimulating endogenous PGE2 synthesis.

PMID- 9951940
TI  - E-cadherin expression as a differentiation marker in gastric cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: E-cadherin is a cell-cell adhesion molecule involved in tumor
      progression and metastasis. We evaluated the E-cadherin expression pattern in
      gastric cancer and investigated its relationship to histopathological features.
      METHODOLOGY: The expression of E-cadherin was evaluated in 83 formalin-fixed,
      paraffin-embedded specimens of gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS:
      In benign gastric mucosa, E-cadherin was expressed uniformly at the cell
      membrane. Abnormal E-cadherin expression with loss of membranous localization was
      found in 55 (56%) cancer specimens. Aberrant E-cadherin expression was found more
      often in diffuse (96%) and mixed type tumors (91%) than in intestinal type tumors
      (47%) (p=0.0001). A significantly higher proportion of signet-ring (84%) and
      undifferentiated tumors (87%) showed abnormal E-cadherin expression compared with
      adenocarcinomas with glandular morphology (57%) (p=0.01). There was a significant
      correlation between abnormal E-cadherin expression and degree of differentiation
      (p=0.0001), local tumor extent (p=0.002), and the presence of lymph node
      metastases (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Loss of normal E-cadherin expression may serve
      as a differentiation marker in gastric cancer.

PMID- 9951943
TI  - 24-hr measurement of gastric mucosal perfusion in conscious humans.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gastric mucosal blood flow estimation in humans is obtained
      through an endoscope and the time of measurement lasts only a few minutes.
      Thinking that long-term monitoring of mucosal perfusion would be a significant
      contribution to the study of gastric physiology, we registered gastric mucosal
      blood flow continuously for 24 hours, using single fiber laser-Doppler
      technology. METHODOLOGY: The study was undertaken in 16 healthy subjects (8 of
      them had their gastric acidity inhibited with a proton pump inhibitor) and in 8
      patients with an endoscopically proven, active duodenal ulcer. A 140 cm-long
      single fiber laser-Doppler microprobe was positioned through a gastrointestinal
      tube in the middle of the gastric corpus and the mucosal microcirculation was
      monitored from 14.00 h until 13.59 h the following day. Data were stored and
      processed to evaluate the probable circadian rhythms, using maximum entropy
      spectrum analysis. RESULTS: We found that the daily variations of gastric mucosal
      perfusion follow a circadian rhythm. The respective patterns with maximum and
      minimum values were: healthy controls, maximum at 02.00, 10.00, 18.00 h and
      minimum at 5.30, 14.00 and 22.00 h. Healthy controls treated by a proton pump
      inhibitor, maximum at 02.00, 07.00, 18.00 h and minimum at 04.00, 12.00 and 22.00
      h. Ulcer patients, maximum 07.00 and 21.00 h and minimum at 17.00 and 24.00 h.
      CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that long-term measurement of gastric mucosal blood
      flow in conscious humans is feasible and that this factor of gastric physiology
      follows a concrete circadian rhythm, which is not particularly influenced by acid
      inhibition, but is completely distorted in ulcer patients.

PMID- 9951942
TI  - Laparoscopic gastric banding for morbid obesity with expanded PTFE: technique and
      early results in the first 100 consecutive cases.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Surgery is the only effective treatment for the truly morbidly
      obese patient. Gastric banding was demonstrated to be a safe, effective, and
      easily reversible technique in the open surgical approach. METHODOLOGY: A five
      puncture technique, developed by the authors, for laparoscopic gastric banding
      utilizing an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) band is fully described and
      discussed. This technique was utilized in 100 consecutive patients operated on
      between October 1995 and November 1996. RESULTS: We recorded no mortality, no
      cases of conversion, a 1% rate of major complications, a low minor morbidity rate
      (10%), and an acceptable length of operative time (106+/-8 minutes). This was
      significantly related to body weight, B.M.I. and % of I.B.W. being longer in more
      obese patients, but not to the experience of the surgical team. Weight loss
      (35.0+/-5.1 kg), percentage of excess weight lost (55.3+/-5.3%), percentage of
      ideal body weight achieved (149.1+/-8.4%), and body mass index (33.8+/-2.0) were
      all significantly improved at 3, 6, 9 and 12-months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Early
      results of this series are promising, showing low morbidity and a rate of weight
      loss comparable to that achievable by means of open gastric banding or vertical
      banded gastroplasty. Any statement about long-term results deserves a longer
      follow-up.

PMID- 9951944
TI  - Serum human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) is elevated in patients with
      metastatic gastric carcinoma.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a stromally derived protein
      growth factor that modulates epithelial cell proliferation and motility. HGF may
      therefore be involved in tumor progression. METHODOLOGY: We measured the
      immunoreactive (ir)-HGF concentration in the sera of 56 patients with human
      gastric carcinoma, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and evaluated its
      association with clinical and histopathologic factors. Clinical stages were
      classified in accordance with The General Rules for TNM Classification
      (International Union Against Cancer). RESULTS: The serum hHGF concentrations from
      patients with gastric carcinoma significantly increased with increasing
      pathologic tumor grades. Also, there were significantly higher concentrations in
      patients with nodal metastasis compared to patients without metastasis. The serum
      hHGF concentrations in patients with liver metastasis were significantly higher
      than in patients without liver metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that the
      serum hHGF concentration is elevated in gastric carcinoma patients with liver and
      nodal metastasis. In multivariate analysis, the serum hHGF concentration was
      found to be the most important independent factor in predicting overall survival.
      Thus, the current results suggest that HGF may be important in the progression
      and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.

PMID- 9951945
TI  - Eradiction of H. pylori results in regression of B-cell low grade gastric MALToma
      with evident B-symptoms.
AB  - Although it is well known that eradication of H. pylori may result in either
      complete or partial regression of low-grade B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoid
      tissue lymphoma (MALToma), it would be of clinical interest to determine whether
      the B-symptoms of patients with MALToma could be relieved by eradication of H.
      pylori. Here, we report on a 29 year-old female case with B-cell low-grade
      gastric MALToma with apparent B-symptoms. Her peripheral blood also disclosed
      large granular lymphocytes (LGL). The B-symptoms of this patient were quickly
      relieved within 2 weeks after starting an anti-H. pylori regimen; peripheral
      blood LGLs were clearly decreased as well. Complete regression of MALToma was
      determined 4 months after the anti-H. pylori regimen. Thereafter, the patient has
      been disease-free and in good general condition during a 2-year follow-up.

PMID- 9951946
TI  - Gastric leiomyosarcoma mimicking a cystic tumor at the pancreatic tail--one case
      report.
AB  - A 73 year-old female patient suffered from anemia and a palpable abdominal mass.
      Abdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion with
      papillary excrescences at the pancreatic tail. Endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography showed a normal pancreatic duct, but a small submucosal
      tumor was found in the stomach incidentally. Laparotomy disclosed an exophytic
      tumor arising from the submucosal layer of the stomach. Pathology revealed a
      gastric leiomyosarcoma with remarkable liquefaction and cystic change. Gastric
      leiomyosarcoma can be so necrotic as to be mistaken for a cystic tumor. It is
      critically important to differentiate the peripancreatic cystic lesion because
      the treatment strategy is totally different.

PMID- 9951947
TI  - Drug treatment of asthma in the 1990s: achievements and new strategies.
AB  - Asthma is an inflammatory condition of the airways. First-line therapy involves
      the use of inhaled corticosteroids as anti-inflammatory agents to control the
      underlying process. Bronchodilators are used for symptom relief. Short-acting
      beta-agonists provide rapid relief of bronchoconstriction, whereas long-acting
      beta-agonists control the symptoms and reduce the frequency of exacerbations when
      combined with inhaled corticosteroids. Anticholinergic bronchodilators have a
      minor role in acute exacerbations and in patients troubled by adverse effects
      from beta-agonists. Theophylline has a bronchodilator action in asthma, but its
      role as an anti-inflammatory agent needs to be examined further. Because of their
      toxicity, corticosteroid-sparing agents have a limited role, being restricted to
      patients with severe uncontrolled asthma. New selective phosphodiesterase IV
      inhibitors show both anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator characteristics with
      fewer adverse effects. Other new approaches to the control of inflammation come
      from the antileukotriene drugs, which improve pulmonary function in patients with
      chronic asthma. The antileukotrienes have shown promising results, especially in
      the treatment of asthma caused by aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), exercise and
      cold air. Other new therapies being studied include anti-immunoglobulin E,
      antitryptase and anti-CD4 agents. These newer possibilities suggest that the
      range of available treatment options will expand significantly over the next
      decade.

PMID- 9951948
TI  - Alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
AB  - Lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have
      a significant impact on the lifestyle of older men. Transurethral resection of
      the prostate (TURP) is the most effective surgical therapy for this condition but
      an increasing number of patients are electing conservative medical therapy. Alpha
      Adrenoceptor antagonists and 5alpha-reductase inhibitors are the 2 categories of
      drug therapy currently available for BPH. Use of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists
      in the treatment of BPH is based on their ability to prevent the neural
      stimulation which induces prostate smooth muscle contraction, producing lower
      urinary tract symptoms. Several studies have demonstrated that alpha-receptors
      predominate in the prostatic stroma, capsule and bladder neck. Initial work
      focused on the use of phenoxybenzamine, a nonspecific alpha-blocker, in the
      treatment of BPH. While results were promising, significant adverse effects and
      concern over potential mutagenicity have resulted in a lack of use of this
      medication for this indication. Subsequent attention was directed towards the
      short-acting alpha-specific antagonist prazosin. Results conflicted regarding
      whether an actual sustained improvement in lower urinary tract symptoms could be
      achieved with this medication, and because of twice daily dosing compliance
      issues were a drawback. Thus, the mainstay in pharmacological treatment of BPH
      over the past decade has been 2 once-a-day alpha-specific antagonists, doxazosin
      and terazosin. Over 75% of all prescriptions written for BPH are for one of these
      2 medications. Despite their tremendous success in both decreasing urinary
      symptoms and increasing urinary flow rates, systemic adverse effects can be
      bothersome. Recently, efforts have focused on use of alpha1A-urospecific
      antagonists such as tamsulosin and alfuzosin in an attempt to achieve similar
      clinical results as doxazosin and terazosin without systemic adverse effects.
      Thus far, results are promising, but long term studies must be done to determine
      whether pharmacological uroselectivity is actually clinically relevant.

PMID- 9951949
TI  - Drug therapy of postprandial hyperglycaemia.
AB  - It is widely accepted that the most challenging goal in the management of
      patients with diabetes mellitus is to achieve blood glucose levels as close to
      normal as possible. In general, normalising postprandial blood glucose levels is
      more difficult than normalising fasting hyperglycaemia. In addition, some
      epidemiological studies suggest that postprandial hyperglycaemia (PPHG) or
      hyperinsulinaemia are independent risk factors for the development of
      macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Recently, several drugs with
      differing pharmacodynamic profiles have been developed which target PPHG. These
      include insulin lispro, amylin analogues, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and
      meglitinide analogues. Insulin lispro has a more rapid onset of action and
      shorter duration of efficacy compared with regular human insulin. In clinical
      trials, the use of insulin lispro was associated with improved control of PPHG
      and a reduced incidence of hypoglycaemic episodes. Repaglinide, a meglitinide
      analogue, is a short-acting insulinotropic agent which. when given before meals,
      stimulates endogenous insulin secretions and lowers postprandial hyperglycaemic
      excursions. Both insulin lispro and repaglinide are associated with postprandial
      hyperinsulinaemia. In contrast, amylin analogues reduce PPHG by slowing gastric
      emptying and delivery of nutrients to the absorbing surface of the gut. Alpha
      Glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose also reduce PPHG
      primarily by interfering with the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes and delaying
      glucose absorption. With the availability of agents which preferentially reduce
      postprandial blood glucose excursions, it is now possible to achieve glycaemic
      goals in a larger proportion of individuals with diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 9951952
TI  - Practical recommendations for the management of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.
AB  - Pancreatic cancer is widely regarded by medical personnel and the lay public as
      one of the most dreaded of all diagnoses. Although in selected series of operable
      patients the chance of long term survival may reach 20%, most patients have
      unfavourable disease at the time of diagnosis, and for the entire group of newly
      diagnosed patients, 5-year survival is rare. This grim outlook results from a
      combination of factors, including an anatomical location which makes early
      detection by screening tests or by symptoms difficult, a high tendency for spread
      to regional lymphatics and the liver, a poor profile of sensitivity to
      chemotherapeutic agents and the poor medical condition of many patients at the
      time of diagnosis. These factors mean that it is particularly important that at
      the time of diagnosis these patients are carefully evaluated, and that they and
      their families are fully aware of the treatment options available to them and the
      associated potential risks and benefits. For localised cancers, surgical
      resection alone offers the potential for long term survival. The addition of
      postoperative radiation therapy (RT) predictably improves local control but has
      minimal impact on survival, which is primarily determined by the development of
      liver metastases. Randomised trial data support the use of combined fluorouracil
      (5-FU) chemotherapy and RT in patients who have undergone pancreatectomy and have
      negative margins, although the benefits are modest and the relevant randomised
      trials enrolled relatively small patient numbers. For patients with marginally
      resectable tumours, the feasibility has been demonstrated of using chemotherapy
      plus RT to reduce tumour size before resection, but it is unclear whether this
      approach will benefit a significant number of patients. Tumours which are
      unresectable because of local advancement (involvement of major vessels or
      regional nodes) can be treated with RT alone or in combination with chemotherapy,
      but survival past 2 years is uncommon. Patients with liver metastases have a poor
      prognosis. As part of a programme of supportive care, some of these patients may
      receive cytotoxic therapy, the goal of which is to relieve cancer-related
      symptoms such as pain from the primary tumour or metastatic sites, or weakness,
      nausea and anorexia which may be associated with liver metastases. Although the
      objective response rate of chemotherapy agents is low, in an individual patient
      they may produce an adequate response and acceptable toxicity so that the patient
      experiences overall improvement in symptoms. The mainstay of chemotherapy for
      pancreatic cancer, as with other gastrointestinal cancers, has been fluorouracil.
      However, recent clinical data have shown that gemcitabine produces similar
      results in terms of response rate and survival, with more acceptable toxicity, so
      that the quality of life was judged to be better than with fluorouracil.
      Pancreatic cancer provides a fertile ground for testing new, biologically based
      approaches to cancer therapy because of the limited success of currently
      available treatments.

PMID- 9951954
TI  - Long-acting isosorbide mononitrate.
AB  - Elantan long (EL) is the only long-acting isosorbide mononitrate formulation
      based on a controlled membrane principle. 30% of the dose is available for
      immediate release and the remaining 70% is gradually released over time. After
      oral administration, isosorbide mononitrate EL has a quick onset of action (30
      minutes) and effects are evident for up to 17 hours. The antianginal effects of
      once-daily isosorbide mononitrate EL 50 to 100mg were generally similar to those
      of conventional isosorbide mononitrate or isosorbide dinitrate 10 to 20mg twice
      or 3 times daily, or sustained-release nifedipine 20mg twice or 3 times daily.
      Patients tended to show a better response with once-daily isosorbide mononitrate
      EL 50mg than with bupranolol 100mg. Patients showed significantly greater
      improvement in some quality-of-life indices with once-daily isosorbide
      mononitrate EL than with twice or 3 times daily regimens of conventional
      isosorbide mononitrate or isosorbide dinitrate. Tolerance did not develop after
      13 months of once-daily administration of isosorbide mononitrate EL. No rebound
      increase in incidence of ischaemic episodes was observed after discontinuation of
      the drug.

PMID- 9951950
TI  - Second-generation antihistamines: a comparative review.
AB  - Second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonists (antihistamines) have been
      developed to reduce or eliminate the sedation and anticholinergic adverse effects
      that occur with older H1 receptor antagonists. This article evaluates second
      generation antihistamines, including acrivastine, astemizole, azelastine,
      cetirizine, ebastine, fexofenadine, ketotifen, loratadine, mizolastine and
      terfenadine, for significant features that affect choice. In addition to their
      primary mechanism of antagonising histamine at the H1 receptor, these agents may
      act on other mediators of the allergic reaction. However, the clinical
      significance of activity beyond that mediated by histamine H1 receptor antagonism
      has yet to be demonstrated. Most of the agents reviewed are metabolised by the
      liver to active metabolites that play a significant role in their effect.
      Conditions that result in accumulation of astemizole, ebastine and terfenadine
      may prolong the QT interval and result in torsade de pointes. The remaining
      agents reviewed do not appear to have this risk. For allergic rhinitis, all
      agents are effective and the choice should be based on other factors. For
      urticaria, cetirizine and mizolastine demonstrate superior suppression of wheal
      and flare at the dosages recommended by the manufacturer. For atopic dermatitis,
      as adjunctive therapy to reduce pruritus, cetirizine, ketotifen and loratadine
      demonstrate efficacy. Although current evidence does not suggest a primary role
      for these agents in the management of asthma, it does support their use for
      asthmatic patients when there is coexisting allergic rhinitis, dermatitis or
      urticaria.

PMID- 9951951
TI  - Drug therapy in the management of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis.
AB  - Prednisone alone or in combination with azathioprine is the treatment of choice
      for severe type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. The combination regimen is preferred,
      especially in the elderly, because of a lower incidence of corticosteroid-related
      complications. Only patients with sustained severe laboratory abnormalities,
      bridging necrosis or multilobular necrosis on histological assessment, and/or
      incapacitating symptoms, have absolute indications for treatment based on
      controlled clinical trials. The institution of therapy must be individualised in
      other patients, based mainly on symptoms and disease behaviour. Serum aspartate
      aminotransferase and gamma-globulin levels are the most useful indices to monitor
      during therapy. Liver tissue examination is the best method of evaluating
      completeness of response. Most patients enter remission, but relapse occurs in 50
      to 86% after drug withdrawal. Maintenance therapy with low dosages of prednisone
      or azathioprine can be used long term in patients who have relapsed repeatedly.
      Inability to achieve remission after 3 years (incomplete response), deterioration
      during therapy (treatment failure) and drug toxicity are unsatisfactory responses
      that warrant alternative strategies. Liver transplantation is effective in
      managing decompensated disease, but recurrence of autoimmune hepatitis after
      transplantation is possible. Tacrolimus and budesonide are promising new drugs.

PMID- 9951955
TI  - Ibandronate.
AB  - Ibandronate (ibandronic acid) is a third generation bisphosphonate which inhibits
      hone resorption in human and animal studies. It also inhibits bone formation only
      at high doses (10 microg/kg/day) in animal studies. In animal models, ibandronate
      was more potent than etidronate, clodronate, pamidronate and alendronate and
      equivalent in potency or more potent than risedronate in inhibiting induced
      hypercalcaemia and bone resorption. In clinical studies, single-dose ibandronate
      (0.2 to 6 mg intravenously) significantly reduced albumin-corrected serum calcium
      levels and urinary markers of bone resorption in patients with hypercalcaemia of
      malignancy, and in those with bone metastases. Serum calcium levels were
      normalised in 50 and 67% of ibandronate 2 mg recipients and in about 76% of 4 mg
      recipients. In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia. ibandronate
      (0.5 to 5 mg/day orally or 0.5 to 2 mg every 3 months intravenously) dose
      dependently increased bone mineral density, with parallel reductions in the
      biochemical markers of bone turnover. In preliminary studies in patients with
      Paget's disease a single intravenous ibandronate dose (2mg) decreased serum
      alkaline phosphatase levels and urinary markers of bone turnover. Adverse events
      associated with the use of ibandronate in the management of hypercalcaemia of
      malignancy include increased body temperature, hypocalcaemia and
      hypophosphataemia. Less commonly, flu-like symptoms and gastrointestinal
      intolerance may occur.

PMID- 9951956
TI  - Finasteride: a review of its use in male pattern hair loss.
AB  - The 5alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride blocks the conversion of testosterone
      to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the androgen responsible for male pattern hair loss
      (androgenetic alopecia) in genetically predisposed men. Results of phase III
      clinical studies in 1879 men have shown that oral finasteride 1 mg/day promotes
      hair growth and prevents further hair loss in a significant proportion of men
      with male pattern hair loss. Evidence suggests that the improvement in hair count
      reported after 1 year is maintained during 2 years' treatment. In men with vertex
      hair loss, global photographs showed improvement in hair growth in 48% of
      finasteride recipients at 1 year and in 66% at 2 years compared with 7% of
      placebo recipients at each time point. Furthermore, hair counts in these men
      showed that 83% of finasteride versus 28% of placebo recipients had no further
      hair loss compared with baseline after 2 years. The clinical efficacy of oral
      finasteride has not yet been compared with that of topical minoxidil, the only
      other drug used clinically in patients with male pattern hair loss. Therapeutic
      dosages of finasteride are generally well tolerated. In phase III studies, 7.7%
      of patients receiving finasteride 1 mg/day compared with 7.0% of those receiving
      placebo reported treatment-related adverse events. The overall incidence of
      sexual function disorders, comprising decreased libido, ejaculation disorder and
      erectile dysfunction, was significantly greater in finasteride than placebo
      recipients (3.8 vs 2.1%). All sexual adverse events were reversed on
      discontinuation of therapy and many resolved in patients who continued therapy.
      No other drug-related events were reported with an incidence > or =1% in patients
      receiving finasteride. Most events were of mild to moderate severity. Oral
      finasteride is contraindicated in pregnant women because of the risk of
      hypospadias in male fetuses. CONCLUSIONS: Oral finasteride promotes scalp hair
      growth and prevents further hair loss in a significant proportion of men with
      male pattern hair loss. With its generally good tolerability profile, finasteride
      is a new approach to the management of this condition, for which treatment
      options are few. Its role relative to topical minoxidil has yet to be determined.

PMID- 9951953
TI  - Biliary tract infections: a guide to drug treatment.
AB  - Initial therapy of acute cholecystitis and cholangitis is directed towards
      general support of the patient, including fluid and electrolyte replacement,
      correction of metabolic imbalances and antibacterial therapy. Factors affecting
      the efficacy of antibacterial therapy include the activity of the agent against
      the common biliary tract pathogens and pharmacokinetic properties such as tissue
      distribution and the ratio of concentration in both bile and serum to the minimum
      inhibitory concentration for the expected micro-organism. Antimicrobial therapy
      is usually empirical. Initial therapy should cover the Enterobacteriaceae, in
      particular Escherichia coli. Activity against enterococci is not required since
      their pathogenicity in biliary tract infections remains unclear. Coverage of
      anaerobes, in particular Bacteroides spp., is warranted in patients with previous
      bile duct-bowel anastomosis, in the elderly and in patients in serious clinical
      condition. In patients with acute cholecystitis or cholangitis of moderate
      clinical severity, monotherapy with a ureidopenicillin--mezlocillin or
      piperacillin--is at least as effective as the combination of ampicillin plus
      aminoglycoside. In severely ill patients with septicaemia, an antibacterial
      combination is preferable. Therapy with aminoglycosides, mostly for Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa-related infections, should not exceed a few days because the risk of
      nephrotoxicity seems to be increased during cholestasis. Relief of biliary
      obstruction is mandatory, even if there is clinical improvement with conservative
      therapy, because cholangitis is most likely to recur with continued obstruction.
      Emergency invasive therapy is reserved for patients who fail to show a clinical
      response to antibacterial therapy within the first 36 to 48 hours or for those
      who deteriorate after an initial clinical improvement. Immediate surgery is
      indicated for gangrenous cholecystitis and perforation with peritonitis. Long
      term administration of antibacterials is required for recurrent cholangitis, as
      seen in bile duct-bowel anastomosis. Oral cotrimoxazole
      (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) is the preferred agent. Wound infection rates
      after biliary tract surgery can be significantly reduced by preoperative
      administration of prophylactic antibacterials. Newer generation beta-lactams have
      not proven to be of greater benefit than older agents such as cefuroxime or
      cefazolin. Antibacterial prophylaxis before endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) should be reserved for patients with obstructive
      jaundice, since the risk of infectious complications seems to be strongly
      associated with this clinical condition. Failure to achieve full biliary drainage
      is the most important factor in predicting septicaemia, and prophylaxis should be
      prolonged until the bile duct is unobstructed. Piperacillin, cefazolin,
      cefuroxime, cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin are effective for this indication.

PMID- 9951957
TI  - The efficacy of pentamidine combined with allopurinol and immunotherapy for the
      treatment of patients with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis.
AB  - A new treatment regimen was tested on patients with incurable diffuse cutaneous
      leshmaniasis (DCL) infected with Leishmania mexicana mexicana in Mexico. Two
      patients with advanced stages of the disease were treated with polychemotherapy
      (pentamidine and allopurinol) combined with recombinant human interferon-gamma
      (rIFN-gamma). For determination of the best medication, parasites isolated from
      patient lesions were exposed to available drugs both as promastigotes and as
      intracellular amastigotes. A synergistic effect was observed in vitro for the
      combination of pentamidine and allopurinol. Both patients were treated and
      recovered rapidly, but one of them developed insulin-dependent type I diabetes
      because of pentamidine toxicity. The complication was controlled and both
      patients were discharged with an apparent parasitologic cure, but after 3 months
      the two patients began to relapse. Our results suggest that allopurinol
      pentamidine polychemotherapy, involving reduced dosage of pentamidine, combined
      with rIFN-gamma is an alternative for DCL patients infected with L. m. mexicana.

PMID- 9951958
TI  - Tubular structures associated with Babesia caballi in equine erythrocytes in
      vitro.
AB  - In-vitro-propagated Babesia caballi parasites were examined by scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy. Many small pores were observed over the entire
      surface of infected erythrocytes on scanning electron microscopy, and on
      transmission electron microscopy these small pores were found to be openings of
      tubular structures. By the examination of a number of infected cells the tubular
      structures were found to be connected with the parasite, and this observation
      might indicate that the tubular structures arose the edge of the parasite and
      terminated at an Invagination on the surface of the erythrocyte. These findings
      suggest that intraerythrocytic stages of B. caballi come into direct contact with
      culture medium.

PMID- 9951959
TI  - Development of a quantitative, competitive polymerase chain reaction--enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Wuchereria bancrofti DNA.
AB  - A quantitative, competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) assay for the
      sensitive detection of Wuchereria bancrofti DNA was developed. A competitor
      sequence was constructed by an exchange of nucleotides in the Wuchereria-specific
      Ssp I repeat. The PCR products were hybridized to specific DNA probes and their
      amounts, determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In
      laboratory-prepared samples the QC-PCR-ELISA assay was capable of detecting the
      amount of DNA equivalent to 0.1 microfilaria (mf) added to 200 microl of blood
      lysate. The assay was also tested on 78 blood samples collected in endemic areas
      in Egypt. All 28 samples that were positive both for mf and for circulating
      antigen were also QC-PCR-ELISA-positive. In addition, one mf-negative but antigen
      positive sample was also positive as determined by QC-PCR-ELISA. A positive
      correlation of mf density with the QC-PCR-ELISA was observed. Samples containing
      10 or fewer mf/ml had a mean relative amount of Ssp I PCR product of 19.7 units,
      whereas samples with 11-100 mf/ml had a mean of 36.3 units and those with more
      than 100 mf/ml had a mean of 84.6 units. Because of the high standard deviation
      within each group, estimates of worm burdens in infected individuals using the QC
      PCR-ELISA are not recommended. However, we present data indicating that the W.
      bancrofti QC-PCR-ELISA is a powerful new tool for evaluation of parasitic loads
      for community-based diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis.

PMID- 9951960
TI  - Neolignans inhibit Trypanosoma cruzi infection of its triatomine insect vector,
      Rhodnius prolixus.
AB  - Two neolignans, burchellin and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), were toxic only
      to Trypanosoma cruzi clone Dm28c maintained in brain heart infusion (BHI) medium
      at a concentration of 100 microg/ml, not 10 microg/ml. When Rhodnius prolixus was
      fed with epimastigotes of T. cruzi and treated simultaneously with a single dose
      of burchellin or NDGA at 10 pg/ml of blood meal the number of parasites in the
      gut decreased. Whereas burchellin was only partially active, NDGA drastically
      reduced the number of epimastigotes and metacyclic trypomastigotes of T. cruzi in
      the excreta (urine plus feces). When the insect larvae were pretreated with
      burchellin or NDGA at 20 days before the infection with T. cruzi a significant
      reduction in the number of parasites in the gut occurred. However, when both
      compounds were applied at 20 days after the establishment of T. cruzi infection,
      although burchellin significantly reduced the gut infection, neither compound
      could abolish the infection entirely within the subsequent 15 days.

PMID- 9951961
TI  - Characterization by pulse-field electrophoresis of a new region of DNA
      amplification containing the M2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase in
      hydroxyurea-resistant Leishmania.
AB  - An extrachromosomal circular DNA of of approximately 50-kb size was amplified in
      the hydroxyurea-resistant variant of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. The
      amplicon carried the M2 gene of ribonuleotide reductase as part of the gene
      encoding resistance to hydroxyurea. The amplicon was unstable. It disappeared
      rapidly as shown in pulse-field gradient electrophoresis gels after reversion of
      the cells for 20-80 days. This loss of amplified DNA was accompanied by a rapid
      loss of resistance to hydroxyurea during the same period. The amplicon was not
      hybridized to specific probes from any of the four regions of DNA amplification
      previously reported for Leishmania. This region of amplification thus appears to
      be a new region of DNA amplification in Leishmania.

PMID- 9951963
TI  - Experimental Angiostrongylus costaricensis infection in mice: immunoglobulin
      isotype responses and parasite-specific antigen recognition after primary low
      dose infection.
AB  - Immunoglobulin isotype responses and parasite-specific antigen recognition were
      investigated in experimental Angiostrongylus costaricensis infection in two
      different mouse strains. Even in a low-dose infection with third-stage larvae
      (L3), BALB/c mice showed high mortality until 28 days postinfection (p.i.) in
      association with a low patency rate in surviving animals. On the other hand, low
      mortality and a high rate of patent infection was observed in C57BL/10 mice.
      Parasite-specific IgM, total IgG, and IgG subclasses against crude adult-worm
      antigen (AcAg) rose in both groups of mice from day 14 onward, with IgG and IgG1
      being significantly elevated in BALB/c mice at 21 and 28 days p.i., respectively.
      For total IgE, significantly elevated concentrations were detected at 14 days
      p.i. in BALB/c mice as compared with C57BL/10 mice. A. costaricensis-specific
      antigen recognition by total IgG, IgG1, or IgG2a was similar in both mouse
      strains, intensifying from 3 to 4 weeks p.i., with recognition of immunodominant
      AcAg ranging between 80 and 210 kDa. This study provides evidence that in BALB/c
      and C57BL/10 mice, immunoglobulins, with the possible exception of IgE and IgG1,
      do not decisively contribute to the outcome of a primary A. costaricensis
      infection with respect to immunopathogenesis or parasite permissiveness.

PMID- 9951962
TI  - B-cell activation in the mesenteric lymph nodes of resistant BALB/c mice infected
      with the murine nematode parasite Trichuris muris.
AB  - Immune responses in resistant BALB/c mice infected with the murine nematode
      parasite Trichuris muris were examined. Following the establishment of infection,
      worm burdens of T. muris were expelled by BALB/c mice by day 21 postinfection
      (p.i.). Specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibodies to T. muris
      excretory/secretory (E/S) antigens were detected in sera from infected mice,
      though specific IgG2a antibodies were not observed during infection. Ig-producing
      cells increased in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of infected mice on days 7,
      14, and 21 p.i., with the greatest increase in numbers of IgG- and IgA-producing
      cells occurring on day 14. Marked increases in the relative percentages of B220+
      and surface Ig+ (sIg+) cells were observed in the MLN of infected mice on days 14
      and 21 p.i. Furthermore, cellular expansion of the MLN in infected mice resulted
      in an increase in the absolute numbers of B220+ and sIg+ cells. The levels of
      interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) detected in the
      supernatants from concanavalin A-stimulated MLN cells of infected mice were
      higher than those found in normal mice. Consequently, the expulsion of T. muris
      in resistant BALB/c mice was concomitant with cytokine production and B-cell
      activation in the MLN of infected mice. These results suggest the involvement of
      B-cell responses in protective immunity to T. muris infection.

PMID- 9951964
TI  - Polymerase chain reaction and DNA probe hybridization to assess the efficacy of
      diminazene treatment in Trypanosoma brucei-infected cattle.
AB  - Four of eight Ankole longhorn cattle experimentally infected with Trypanosoma
      brucei were treated with 7 mg/kg diminazene aceturate (Berenil, Hoechst AG,
      Germany) at day 71 postinfection. The trypanocidal activity was monitored using
      polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA probe hybridization. When extracted
      parasite DNA (without host DNA) was used, as little as 1 fg per reaction, which
      is equivalent to about 1-10% of the DNA in a single trypanosome, produced a
      specific product that was visible as a 177-bp band in an agarose gel. In infected
      cattle, specific PCR products could be amplified at as early as 1 day
      postinfection. PCR signals remained positive during infection, except in one
      sample, although aparasitemic phases occurred. In cases where treatment resulted
      in a significant clinical improvement, PCR signals disappeared at 3-4 days after
      the administration of the drug. By contrast, in cattle that showed clinical signs
      of CNS involvement after treatment, although aparasitemic, and died before the
      termination of the experiment, specific products could be amplified on several
      occasions following treatment. The PCR signals generated after treatment could be
      further enhanced by subsequent slot-blot hybridization with a T. brucei-specific
      DNA probe. We conclude that PCR coupled with DNA probe hybridization provides a
      highly sensitive tool for the assessment of therapeutic efficiency and disease
      progression in trypanosome infections, especially in chronic infections when the
      level of parasitemia is low or when trypanosomes are sequestered at cryptic
      sites.

PMID- 9951965
TI  - Miracidial infectivity of Hypoderaeum conoideum (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae):
      differential susceptibility of two lymnaeid species.
AB  - A study was made of the infectivity of Hypoderaeum conoideum miracidia to a range
      of laboratory-reared specimens of freshwater snail species (Lymnaea peregra, L.
      corvus, Physella acuta, and Gyraulus chinensis) that coexist with the parasite in
      the same natural habitat. L. peregra and L. corvus were found to be equally
      susceptible to the parasite when specimens of each snail species were singly
      exposed to miracidia. However, when miracidia could choose either lymnaeid
      species, they showed a high degree of specificity toward L. peregra. The results
      obtained suggest that H. conoideum miracidia are capable of distinguishing among
      these lymnaeids in their orientation to the host. This indicates that miracidia
      might achieve specificity before actually contacting the snail host and suggests
      that during the host-snail orientation process they respond to signals different
      from those generated upon snail contact and invasion. The specificity toward L.
      peregra observed in H. conoideum miracidia seems to indicate adaptation to the
      snail community in their natural habitat, resulting in enhancement of their
      transmission.

PMID- 9951966
TI  - Ultrastructural investigation of the spore-forming protist Nephridiophaga
      blattellae in the Malpighian tubules of the German cockroach Blattella germanica.
AB  - Multinuclear plasmodia of the sporogenic protist Nephridiophaga blattellae are
      found intracellularly and in the lumen of the Malpighian tubules of the German
      cockroach Blattella germanica. Spore formation occurs only in the lumen. During
      sporogony, about 10-35 spores measuring 5.5x3.2 microm are endogenously formed
      within a plasmodium. Sporoblasts arise by the fusion of cisternae of the
      endoplasmic reticulum into a double membranous wall, which encloses a generative
      nucleus plus a portion of cytoplasm. Several somatic nuclei remain in the
      residual cytoplasm. Sporoblast and residual cytoplasm include mitochondria of the
      tubular type, endoplasmic reticulum, and many free ribosomes. During spore
      maturation, electron-dense wall material is deposited between the spore
      membranes, and the spores gain their typical oval, biconcave form. Freeze-etched
      spores reveal a small, central, cap-like structure, which may be the site where
      an infectious sporoplasm could emerge. Mature spores always have one nucleus,
      whereas early sporoblast stages with two small nuclei were found by transmission
      electron microscopy. Many nuclei of different developmental stages contain
      granules within the nuclear envelope. The systematic position of N. blattellae is
      unresolved. In certain respects it is reminiscent of Haplosporidia. However, the
      organisms of the two groups have different spore-forming processes and
      haplosporosomes are missing in the nephridiophagids. Therefore a new phylum might
      have to be erected for members of the family Nephridiophagidae.

PMID- 9951967
TI  - Effects of fluorinated inositols on the phosphoinositide metabolism and the
      proliferation of Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - Inositol has been cited as being essential for the growth of micro-organisms and
      animals. Its action rests mostly in the formation of a set of inositol-containing
      lipids, including phosphatidylinositol and its phosphorylated derivatives. To
      evaluate the functional responses coupled to the phosphoinositide metabolism in
      Trypanosoma cruzi we used myo-inositol and its six fluorinated analogues. Their
      uptake into epimastigotes was characterised using tritium-labeled myo-inositol
      and monodeoxyfluoro-myo-inositols. The analogues were tested for their ability to
      inhibit [3H]-myo-inositol incorporation into phosphoinositides and the
      proliferation of epimastigotes and amastigotes. The results showed differences
      between T. cruzi and mammalian systems in the responses to the fluorinated
      analogues. We found that the 3-, 5- and 6-fluoro analogues did not enter the
      cells but had an inhibitory effect on the incorporation of the radioactive
      inositol into lipids and on the amastigotes' and epimastigotes' replication. The
      most effective inhibitor, 1-D-6-deoxy-6-myo-inositol, had no effect on mammalian
      cell division.

PMID- 9951968
TI  - Schistosoma haematobium: comparative studies on the characteristics of infection
      in three populations of Planorbarius metidjensis from the Agadir province in
      South Morocco.
AB  - Planorbarius metidjensis measuring 2 or 3 mm in diameter and originating from
      three populations in the Agadir province (Ida Ou Gnidif, Imouzzer, and Sidi
      Belkacem) were experimentally infected with Schistosoma haematobium to determine
      if the complete larval development of the parasite might be ensured by any snail
      population of the Agadir province and to compare the general characteristics of
      infection. No significant difference between the three populations was noted in
      the survival rates of snails when the first shedding occurred or in the
      prevalence of infection. The mean duration of the shedding period was
      significantly higher in the Imouzzer population (111 days versus 53-58 days). The
      total number of cercariae shed per mollusc was significantly lower in the Ida Ou
      Gnidif planorbids (1,398/snail versus 3,346 and 3,343/snail in the other 2
      groups). The same rhythm in daily cercarial production was noted in the three
      snail groups, with the periodicity being 18-20 days. Despite some differences in
      parasite development between the three snail populations, the different
      populations of P. metidjensis can ensure the complete development of S.
      haematobium and maintain local transmission in the South of Morocco.

PMID- 9951969
TI  - Nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of Theileria annulata and
      comparison with conventional diagnostic techniques: its use in epidemiology
      studies.
AB  - In this work we studied the ability of a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
      to detect Theileria annulata, the causative agent of Mediterranean theileriosis,
      in blood samples obtained from cattle on farms in different Spanish regions and
      its possible use in epidemiology studies. Of the 214 samples analyzed, 78.04%,
      69.86%, and 62.26% were found to be positive by nested PCR, indirect
      immunofluorescent antibody test, and optical microscopy of Giemsa-stained smears,
      respectively. The three techniques were in agreement in 68.6% of the results. The
      observation that the prevalence of Mediterranean theileriosis estimated using
      nested PCR alone (70.3%) and that obtained using all three diagnostic techniques
      together (80.4%) did not significantly differ verifies the utility of this
      technique in epidemiology studies.

PMID- 9951970
TI  - Alpha-tubulins of Tritrichomonas mobilensis are encoded by multiple genes and are
      not posttranslationally tyrosinated.
AB  - Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction cloning of the 3'-ends of the
      alpha-tubulin cDNAs of Tritrichomonas mobilensis in combination with Southern
      blot analysis identified seven to eight distinct alpha-tubulin genes. All seven
      lack a carboxy-terminal tyrosine and the corresponding sequence compatible with
      posttranslational tyrosination. This indicates that whereas tyrosination of alpha
      tubulin has been found in most species, including humans and trypanosomes, it is
      absent in trichomonads.

PMID- 9951971
TI  - Acute otitis media: management and surveillance in an era of pneumococcal
      resistance--a report from the Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Therapeutic
      Working Group.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To provide recommendations [corrected] for the management of acute
      otitis media (AOM) and the surveillance of drug-resistant Streptococcus
      pneumoniae (DRSP). Five questions were addressed: (1) Can amoxicillin remain the
      best initial antimicrobial agent for treating AOM in the current period of
      increasing prevalence of DRSP? (2) What are suitable alternative agents for use
      if amoxicillin fails? (3) Should empiric treatment of AOM vary by geographic
      region? (4) Where can clinicians learn about resistance patterns in their patient
      populations? (5) What modifications to laboratory surveillance would improve the
      utility of the information for clinicians treating AOM? PARTICIPANTS: Experts in
      the management of otitis media and the DRSP Therapeutic Working Group. This group
      was convened by the CDC to respond to changes in antimicrobial susceptibility
      among pneumococci and includes clinicians, academicians and public health
      practitioners. EVIDENCE: Published and unpublished data summarized from the
      scientific literature and experience from the experts present. PROCESS:
      [corrected] After group presentations and review of background materials,
      subgroup chairs prepared draft responses to the five questions, discussed the
      responses as a group and edited those responses [corrected]. CONCLUSIONS: Oral
      amoxicillin should remain the first line antimicrobial agent for treating AOM. In
      view of the increasing prevalence of DRSP, the safety of amoxicillin at higher
      than standard dosages and evidence that higher dosages of amoxicillin can achieve
      effective middle ear fluid concentrations, an increase in the dosage used for
      empiric treatment from 40 to 45 mg/kg/day to 80 to 90 mg/kg/day is recommended.
      For patients with clinically defined treatment failure after 3 days of therapy,
      useful alternative agents include oral amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime axetil
      and intramuscular ceftriaxone. Many of the 13 other Food and Drug Administration
      approved otitis media drugs lack good evidence for efficacy against DRSP.
      Currently local surveillance data for pneumococcal resistance that are relevant
      for the clinical management of AOM are not available from most areas in the
      United States. Recommendations to improve surveillance include establishing
      criteria for setting susceptibility breakpoints for clinically appropriate
      antimicrobials to ensure relevance for treating AOM, testing middle ear fluid or
      nasal swab isolates in addition to sterile site isolates and testing of drugs
      that are useful in treating AOM. The management of otitis media has entered a new
      era with the development of DRSP. These recommendations are intended to provide a
      framework for appropriate clinical and public health responses to this problem.

PMID- 9951972
TI  - Poliomyelitis as a paradigm for investment in and success of vaccination
      programs.

PMID- 9951974
TI  - Infection control practices and the pregnant health care worker.

PMID- 9951973
TI  - A case for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine in United States-born children.

PMID- 9951975
TI  - Hepatitis B vaccine and central nervous system demyelinating diseases. Viral
      Hepatitis Prevention Board.

PMID- 9951976
TI  - Effect of transplacentally acquired tetanus antibodies on the antibody responses
      to Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate and tetanus toxoid
      vaccines in Filipino infants.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Pregnant women in developing countries are vaccinated with tetanus
      toxoid (TT) to prevent neonatal tetanus. In populations in which the maternal TT
      vaccination program is efficiently implemented, responses of the infant to TT and
      TT-conjugated vaccines such as Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular
      polysaccaride (PS) TT-conjugate (Hib-TT) vaccine may be depressed. OBJECTIVES: To
      study the influence of transplacentally acquired anti-TT antibodies on responses
      to TT vaccination and to Hib-TT vaccine. METHODS: One hundred ninety-four healthy
      Filipino infants received three doses of a Hib conjugate (either Hib-TT, PRP-OMP
      or HbOC) with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP) given simultaneously but
      in a separate syringe at the age of 6, 10 and 14 weeks (primary series). In
      addition 54 of the study children received a booster dose of Hib-TT at 9 months
      simultaneously with the measles vaccine. RESULTS: Transplacentally acquired anti
      TT did not interfere with the anti-Hib PS antibody (anti-Hib PS) response to any
      of the conjugates. The transplacentally acquired anti-TT was not significantly
      associated with the concentration of anti-Hib PS either before or after the
      booster dose of Hib-TT. High concentrations (> or =1 IU/ml) of transplacentally
      acquired anti-TT inhibited the infants' anti-TT responses. CONCLUSIONS: High
      concentration of transplacentally acquired anti-TT did not depress anti-Hib PS
      responses to the Hib-TT vaccine. On the other hand the high anti-TT
      concentrations somewhat depressed the anti-TT responses of the infants. However,
      the anti-TT concentrations attained were in the protective range in all study
      children after either the primary series (DTP + Hib-TT) or the booster dose of
      Hib-TT.

PMID- 9951977
TI  - Comparison of human immunodeficiency virus 1 DNA polymerase chain reaction and
      qualitative and quantitative RNA polymerase chain reaction in human
      immunodeficiency virus 1-exposed infants.
AB  - BACKGROUND: HIV-1 RNA PCR is a widely available and sensitive assay but has not
      been studied for use in early diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in infants. METHODS:
      Research HIV-1 DNA PCR and HIV-1 RNA PCR were performed on peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells and plasma, respectively, from 284 blood samples from 204
      infants. A commercially available HIV-1 quantitative RNA PCR was also performed
      on plasma from the 132 samples from HIV-1-infected infants and 22 of the samples
      from HIV-1-uninfected infants. RESULTS: Sensitivities of all assays varied with
      infant age. HIV-1 DNA PCR had a sensitivity of 27% in the < or = 3-week age group
      (n = 11) whereas qualitative and quantitative RNA PCR had sensitivities of 64 and
      55%, respectively (P not significant). Each assay had a sensitivity of 96.2% at 4
      to 6 weeks (n = 26) and 100% at > or = 7 weeks of age (n = 95). Specificity of
      HIV-1 DNA PCR for all age groups was 100%, whereas specificities of qualitative
      and quantitative RNA PCR assay were 96.1 and 95.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:
      HIV-1 RNA PCR may offer a slight advantage in sensitivity over DNA PCR in the
      diagnosis of HIV infection in young infants. Positive RNA results can be found in
      a small number of infants who are not HIV-1-infected. HIV-1 RNA detection should
      not be routinely used alone for the diagnosis of HIV infection in young infants.

PMID- 9951978
TI  - Clinical implications of penicillin and ceftriaxone resistance among children
      with pneumococcal bacteremia.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine whether reduced penicillin or ceftriaxone susceptibility
      affects clinical presentation and outcome in children with pneumococcal
      bacteremia. DESIGN: Retrospective review of patients with Streptococcus
      pneumoniae bacteremia. RESULTS: We reviewed 922 cases of pneumococcal bacteremia.
      Of 744 isolates with known penicillin (PCN) susceptibilities 56 were PCN
      nonsusceptible. The majority displayed intermediate resistance; 14 of 730
      isolates with known ceftriaxone (CTX) susceptibilities were CTX-nonsusceptible.
      Neither the PCN- nor the CTX-nonsusceptible cohort displayed a difference from
      its susceptible counterpart in temperature, respiratory rate or white blood cell
      count on initial patient evaluation, although trend suggested they were more
      often admitted at the initial visit. At follow-up only children treated initially
      with antibiotic were evaluated. Children with PCN-nonsusceptible isolates were no
      more likely to be febrile than those with PCN-susceptible isolates (28% vs. 25%,
      P = 0.61) and were no more likely to have a positive repeat blood culture (0% vs.
      1%, P = 0.59) or a new focal infection (10% vs. 6%, P = 0.79). Data concerning
      CTX-nonsusceptible organisms were limited by the low number of such isolates.
      Although patients with CTX-nonsusceptible pneumococci were more likely to be
      febrile at follow-up than those with CTX-susceptible organisms (67% vs. 24%, P =
      0.04), we were unable to demonstrate a significant difference for other
      endpoints. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced antibiotic susceptibility does not alter the
      clinical presentation of pneumococcal bacteremia. With current practice
      intermediate resistance to PCN is of little clinical significance in
      nonmeningitic systemic pneumococcal infections.

PMID- 9951979
TI  - Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a new live attenuated combined measles,
      mumps and rubella vaccine in healthy children.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a novel live
      attenuated measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, SB MMR (Priorix; SmithKline Beecham
      Biologicals), with a widely used MMR vaccine, Merck MMR (M-M-R II; Merck & Co.
      Inc). METHODS: A total of 4702 healthy children, ages 9 to 24 months, were
      enrolled in 8 single blind, randomized, controlled trials. Reactogenicity (local
      and general solicited symptoms and all unsolicited symptoms) was assessed for up
      to 42 days postvaccination. Immunogenicity [seroconversion rates and geometric
      mean titers (GMT)] was assessed at 42 or 60 days postvaccination in 1912 subjects
      in 7 studies. In two studies the persistence of the antibodies at Month 12
      postvaccination was assessed in 201 subjects. RESULTS: Local symptoms (pain on or
      immediately after injection; pain, redness and swelling within 4 days of
      injection) were reported less frequently after SB MMR than Merck MMR (P <
      0.0001). General symptoms and all other events were similar between the two
      groups. Fever >39.5 degrees C was reported after 9.5 and 11.9% of the SB MMR and
      Merck MMR doses, respectively. At Days 42 to 60 postvaccination seroconversion
      rates for antimeasles antibodies were higher with SB MMR than with Merck MMR
      (98.7% vs. 96.9%, P < 0.031) but similar in both groups for anti-mumps and anti
      rubella antibodies, GMTs being approximately 10% higher (P < 0.05) with Merck MMR
      than with SB MMR. At the Month 12 assessment the seropositivity rates and GMTs
      were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: When administered as primary vaccination
      in children in the second year of life, the new SB MMR vaccine has been shown to
      be superior to a comparator vaccine in terms of local reactogenicity, with
      equivalent immunogenicity.

PMID- 9951980
TI  - Increased long term mortality associated with rash after early measles
      vaccination in rural Senegal.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To examine whether clinical symptoms, including rash, were more
      common after measles immunization compared with placebo and to study the
      association between postvaccination symptoms and later mortality. DESIGN:
      Examination of side effects in the 3 weeks after immunization in a trial of high
      titer and standard titer measles vaccines. PATIENTS: Two hundred twenty-four
      children randomly selected to be included in the surveillance for diarrhea, fever
      and rash. RESULTS: There was no difference in fever and diarrhea between
      recipients of high titer vaccines and recipients of placebo. However, high titer
      recipients tended to have more measles-like rashes than placebo recipients
      [relative risk, 2.12 (range, 0.90 to 5.03)]. Among recipients of high titer
      vaccines, children who presented a rash had higher mortality in the following 5
      to 7 years than those who did not develop rash [mortality rate ratio, 3.85
      (range, 1.52 to 9.79)]. High titer recipients without a rash had the same
      mortality as children in the placebo group who were given standard doses of
      measles vaccine at 10 months of age [mortality rate, 0.76 (range, 0.35 to 1.62)].
      CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that in this particular study, rash after
      high titer measles vaccine may identify children who received a particularly high
      dose of vaccine or children with more severe and persistent postvaccination
      immunosuppression. Whether high titer vaccine is more likely than standard titer
      measles vaccine to provoke such reaction is not known, given that we did not
      compare side effects after different titers of measles vaccine. Future trials of
      live measles vaccine should monitor the development of rash.

PMID- 9951981
TI  - Poor serologic responses five to seven years after immunization with high and
      standard titer measles vaccines.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Few data exist on the persistence of measles antibodies after
      vaccination of West African infants. Therefore we examined measles antibody
      titers 5 to 7 years after children in rural Senegal had received high titer
      Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ-HT), high titer Schwarz (SW-HT) or standard titer Schwarz
      (SW-STD) measles vaccines in infancy. METHODS: Children had received either high
      titer vaccines at 5 months of age or standard titer at 10 months of age. Finger
      prick blood samples were tested for measles antibody 5 to 7 years later by the
      hemagglutinin inhibition test. RESULTS: Persistence of antibody after high titer
      vaccines was poor with the result that 39 and 50% of the EZ-HT and the SW-HT
      groups had low titers of hemagglutinin inhibition measles antibodies (< or =125
      mIU/ml). Nineteen percent of the children in the SW-STD group had low titers
      which is a lower prevalence than in the high titer groups [relative risk (95%
      confidence intervals), 0.05 (0.28 to 0.88) vs. EZ-HT; relative risk, 0.38 (0.22
      to 0.66) vs. SW-HT]. Geometric mean (95% confidence interval) antibody titers in
      children with detectable values were 616 (435 to 871) in the EZ-HT, 1106 (616 to
      1866) in the SW-HT and 1271 (871 to 1741) mIU/ml in the SW-STD groups,
      respectively. Multivariant regression analysis showed that mean titers were 2.00
      (1.03 to 3.89) times higher for children with low prevaccination antibody titers
      (< or =125 mIU/ml) and 3.06 (1.90 to 4.94) times higher if blood was collected in
      the rainy season. INTERPRETATION: Given the rapid decline in antibody titers over
      a 5- to 6-year period in an area where measles vaccine coverage was high, it
      seems likely that multiple dose immunization schedules will be needed in the
      future to maintain protective antibody concentrations (>125 mIU/ml) in West
      Africa. The role of subclinical boosting by exposure to natural measles and the
      possible role of malaria, which increases immunoglobulin turnover, in influencing
      long term antibody persistence after vaccination deserve further investigation.

PMID- 9951982
TI  - The natural history of human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection in Haitian
      infants.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The current study followed HIV-infected women through pregnancy and
      their infants through the first 2 years of life to determine the rate of vertical
      transmission of HIV infection from Haitian women, factors in maternal health and
      obstetrical history that might influence such transmission and the natural
      history of HIV infection in their affected offspring. STUDY DESIGN: The medical
      histories of 81 infants born of HIV-infected women and of a control group of 88
      infants born to uninfected women were documented with close clinical and
      serologic follow-up. In addition to standard tests for persistence of HIV
      antibodies, the use of acid-dissociated p24 assays enabled us to assign some
      additional infants to the HIV-infected cohort. RESULTS: Transmission could be
      documented in 27% of infants born to HIV-infected women. Excess early deaths
      occurred in infants of HIV-infected women in Port-au-Prince with 60% of infected
      infants dead by 6 months of age. This is a more accelerated mortality than that
      in a group of 42 HIV-infected infants born of Haitian mothers living in Miami
      where 10% were dead at 6 months. Clinically, in 6 of 19 deaths in HIV-infected
      children in Haiti, failure to thrive and gastroenteritis lead to a systemic
      infection manifested as meningitis, sepsis or pneumonia as the immediate cause of
      death. CONCLUSIONS: Early mortality attributable to perinatally acquired AIDS was
      identified in Haiti. The comparison of data from Miami and Port-au-Prince
      suggests that environmental exposures in developing countries may be more
      operative in this early mortality than viral strain or maternal host factors,
      both of which might be expected to be similar between the two groups of Haitian
      ethnicity.

PMID- 9951983
TI  - Changes in epidemic patterns of Kawasaki disease in Japan.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Clustering of cases of Kawasaki disease throughout Japan was noted
      three times during the period before 1986. During the ensuing 10 years, however,
      no nationwide epidemic has been recognized. The purpose of this study is to test
      the hypothesis that local outbreaks have persisted after 1987. METHOD: The data
      on 56 980 patients reported from 1987 through 1996 were classified according to
      the area of residence. The time trend of the incidence rate was compared by year
      and by quarter of the year (January to March, April to June, July to September
      and October to December) in 10 geographical areas in Japan. RESULTS: No
      nationwide outbreaks have been noted since 1987 in Japan, but the existence of
      local outbreaks of various magnitudes was recognized as occurring in different
      periods in certain areas. The incidence rates were continuously high in Area 1
      between 1987 and 1988 and in Area 4 between 1995 and 1996. In Area 9 local
      outbreaks were noted on three separate occasions (from 1987 to the first half of
      1988, between 1990 and 1991 and from the second half of 1992 to 1993). No
      clusterings were witnessed in other areas during the 10-year period. CONCLUSION:
      The current annual number of patients ranges from 5000 to 6000, and local
      epidemics occur in various areas. The current epidemiologic patterns support the
      infection theory for the etiology of this disease.

PMID- 9951984
TI  - Update on hepatitis C for the general pediatrician.

PMID- 9951985
TI  - Periodic fever syndrome.

PMID- 9951986
TI  - The etiology of Kawasaki disease: superantigen or conventional antigen?

PMID- 9951987
TI  - Viral causes of tonsillitis and fever unresponsive to antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 9951988
TI  - Demonstration of Chlamydia pneumoniae in cardiovascular tissues from children
      with Kawasaki disease.

PMID- 9951989
TI  - Visceral leishmaniasis treated with liposomal amphotericin B.

PMID- 9951990
TI  - Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus milleri group misidentified as Streptococcus
      pyogenes on throat culture.

PMID- 9951991
TI  - A suspected case of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced loss of fingernails and
      toenails.

PMID- 9951992
TI  - Group B streptococcal disease in a child beyond early infancy with a deficiency
      of the second component of complement (C2).

PMID- 9951993
TI  - Fever, thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly in a neonate.

PMID- 9951994
TI  - Use of metronidazole during pregnancy.

PMID- 9951995
TI  - Case definition for dengue hemorrhagic fever.

PMID- 9951996
TI  - Comparison of three rapid, in-office mononucleosis tests.

PMID- 9951997
TI  - Saying no thanks to life extension by tube or device.

PMID- 9951998
TI  - Progress in the determination of histocompatibility. 1965.

PMID- 9951999
TI  - Ex vivo evaluation of organ function after cold ischemia.
AB  - An ex vivo perfusion of kidneys was performed at 34 degrees C after cold ischemia
      of 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours to evaluate organ function prospectively. The
      prospective evaluation of organ function followed static hypothermic storage of
      the kidneys in a solution representative of clinical organ preservation. The warm
      perfusion was performed with an acellular solution that supports oxidative
      metabolism of sufficient magnitude to restore urine flow ex vivo. The parameters
      of organ function evaluated included oxygen consumption, vascular resistance,
      urine flow, and glomerular filtration rates, which were correlated with the
      histologic findings. The results of this study suggest that kidneys exposed to 24
      and 48 hours of cold ischemia demonstrated oxygen consumption rates and vascular
      dynamics similar to control kidneys without exposure to cold ischemia, indicating
      cell viability. When the cold ischemic period was increased beyond 48 hours of
      preservation, substantially reduced rates of oxygen consumption and increased
      vascular resistances were observed, representing a loss of viability confirmed
      histologically. However, organ function was found to be impaired after exposure
      to cold ischemia at every time point. These results suggest that cold ischemic
      exposure had a negative impact on immediate renal function once oxidative
      metabolism was restored, which was exacerbated as the cold ischemic period was
      extended. Furthermore, these findings suggest that although the renal cells were
      viable after cold ischemic exposure, the viability status did not result in
      immediate function. Therefore, assessment of an organ based solely on cell
      viability may falsely indicate a functional organ. It will be necessary to
      identify parameters of organ function that can distinguish reversibility from non
      reversibility of cellular impairment to distinguish permanent functional
      disturbances. The ability to predict organ function prospectively will be an
      important aspect of any effective future expansion of the organ donor pool.

PMID- 9952000
TI  - Bioartificial pancreas use in diabetic pregnancy.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of
      Bioartificial Pancreas (BAP) technology use during diabetic pregnancy. In
      particular, the study asked 1) can microencapsulated islet cells effectively
      correct carbohydrate metabolism during diabetic pregnancy and 2) will such
      therapy, if initiated before conception, eliminate diabetes-induced congenital
      malformations in the fetus? Streptozotocin-induced diabetic female mice (ICR)
      received transplants of rat islets encapsulated within alginate microbeads.
      Animals were placed with male mice and bred. Random, nonfasting blood glucose
      (BG) determinations were made posttransplantation and throughout pregnancy. Pups
      were delivered by cesarean section on day 19 of gestation. Outcome parameters
      from transplanted animals (Tx) were compared to nondiabetic control animals and
      to untreated diabetic (DM) animals. Transplanted animals had significantly lower
      BG levels throughout pregnancy, compared with DM animals, but also had levels
      that were often lower than those seen in control nondiabetic animals, and had
      increased episodes of documented hypoglycemia. The malformation and fetal loss
      rate in the Tx group was significantly lower than the untreated group (ICR: 5.4%
      vs. 40%). Only 3 of 84 pups from the Tx group had major malformations, but all
      had anencephaly, a malformation not seen in any other study group. Both maternal
      BG levels and fetal malformation rates are significantly reduced using BAP
      technology in our animal models. However, the possible role these encapsulated
      islets may play in producing increased episodes of hypoglycemia or specific
      congenital malformations in pregnancy must be thoroughly investigated before any
      clinical studies.

PMID- 9952002
TI  - Fluid dynamic optimization of a ventricular assist device using particle image
      velocimetry.
AB  - Thrombus formation and resulting thromboembolism are major risks that can impede
      the widespread use of ventricular assist devices (VADs). Adverse flow patterns
      (turbulence and stasis) have been implicated in thrombogenesis. This study
      focuses on optimization of VAD geometry, port orientation, and fluid dynamics to
      reduce thrombus formation. Particle image velocimetry with cross-correlation was
      performed using Amberlite particles suspended in distilled water. The transparent
      VADs were illuminated by halogen lamps. Four different VADs were tested in an
      iterative approach toward optimization. A peak shear stress of 9,100 dynes/cm2
      was noted in the first configuration immediately after the end of systole at the
      outlet port. Modifications in chamber geometry, port diameters and orientation,
      and valve enclosure design yielded shear stresses in the two subsequent
      geometries of 5,100 dynes/cm2 and 1,900 dynes/cm2, respectively. For the third
      iteration, a region of stasis occurred during the transition between the inlet
      port and the blood chamber. Further modifications were implemented, including a
      reduction in port diameters and further smoothing of the port entry region. This
      eliminated stasis and yielded a maximum shear level of 4,100 dynes/cm2. In
      conclusion, optimization was achieved through geometric modification of the VAD,
      thus minimizing adverse flow conditions.

PMID- 9952001
TI  - Theoretical prediction of the hemodynamic performance of slow resorbing polyester
      protein impregnated arterial prostheses after implantation: a plea for fast
      resorption of the coating.
AB  - The clinical literature cites cases where slow, incomplete, or nonuniform protein
      resorption from protein impregnated arterial prostheses produces undesirable
      localized internal capsule proliferation leading to a significant reduction of
      the internal diameter of the prosthesis. In an attempt to describe the
      hemodynamic response to this phenomenon, the blood flow in such stenotic regions
      was simulated and characterized numerically using FIDAP computational fluid
      dynamics software to determine the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations for
      simple channel flow. To simulate various stages of internal capsule development,
      numeric computations were made in an idealized tubular expansion at stenosis
      ratios ranging from 0.9 to 0.5 and stenosis length ratios from 10 to 40. The
      results indicated that a triangular annular ring vortex was formed immediately
      distal to the stenosis at all Reynolds numbers (Re) studied. The size of the
      vortex increased almost linearly with the Reynolds number. The pressure drop
      through the stenosis was affected by blood flow rate, severity, and stenosis
      length. When the stenosis ratio was low, the pressure drop through the stenosis
      increased gradually and almost linearly with blood flow rate. In a severe
      stenosis, the pressure drop was no longer a linear function of flow rate, but
      increased significantly with increasing flow rate. In conclusion, satisfactory
      healing of the internal capsule requires fast resorption of any impregnated
      protein. If the resorption is slow, incomplete, or nonuniform, there is a
      tendency for the lumen to narrow, causing stenosis, an increased pressure drop
      through the narrowed graft and disturbed flow distal to the stenosis. This
      phenomenon therefore constitutes a major limitation for using this type of graft
      in small diameter arterial reconstruction.

PMID- 9952003
TI  - Extracorporeal recording of mouse hemodynamic parameters by ultrasound velocity
      dilution.
AB  - The use of mice as models for cardiovascular studies has traditionally been
      difficult because of their small size and the lack of appropriate instrumentation
      to perform fundamental measurements of cardiac output (CO) and total blood volume
      (TBV). The advent of transgenic techniques to develop mouse strains that mimic
      human disease makes the development of this instrumentation crucial. The current
      study outlines a novel technique for the determination of CO and TBV in the mouse
      using an extracorporeal arteriovenous (A-V) shunt, combined with the measurement
      of ultrasound dilution after the intravenous administration of small volumes of
      isotonic saline. The potential sources of error associated with Stewart-Hamilton
      dilution techniques were addressed by the research. The new techniques were
      applied in three anesthetized mice (27-36 gm). Isotonic saline (10-80 microl) was
      injected intravenously while measuring ultrasound dilution in the A-V shunt. The
      CO ranged from an average of 6.8+/-0.71 to 12.7+/-1.7 ml/min. Heart rates were
      not significantly altered by the intravenous administration of isotonic saline.
      The TBV ranged from 4.36+/-0.22 to 5.15+/-1.04 ml/100 gm. These results agree
      with the literature and suggest that these techniques will prove useful in
      cardiovascular studies of mice.

PMID- 9952004
TI  - Promotion of neovascularization around hollow fiber bioartificial organs using
      biologically active substances.
AB  - A limiting factor of the long-term function of bioartificial organs is oxygen
      delivery to the encapsulated tissue. This study determined whether incorporation
      of endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) into the alginate core of a hollow fiber
      bioartificial organ will induce neovascularization around the hollow fiber.
      Polyethersulfone (PES) and polyvinylidine difluoride (PVDF) hollow fibers were
      examined. Endothelial cell growth factor was incorporated into sodium alginate,
      extruded into the lumen of hollow fibers, and cured in calcium chloride. Samples
      without ECGF were fabricated and used as controls. Hollow fibers were implanted
      into 16 rats. For each rat, two implants were placed subcutaneously and two
      intraperitoneally, one with and one without ECGF at each site. Implants were
      placed on opposite sides of each animal. Implants were removed 65 days later and
      examined using immunohistochemical methods and light microscopy to determine the
      extent of neovascularization. A total of 64 implants were used. Most
      intraperitoneal implants were found free floating but were encased within a 100
      microm thick avascular fibrotic reaction. This finding was independent from the
      presence of ECGF. Hollow fibers without ECGF, implanted subcutaneously, also had
      an avascular fibrotic reaction surrounding each implant. Subcutaneous implants
      with incorporation of ECGF within the alginate core had marked neovascularization
      within the fibrotic overgrowth that surrounded these implants. This was most
      prevalent in hollow fibers, with the thin separation layer facing the fiber lumen
      irrespective of limiting pore size. Potent angiogenic factors, such as ECGF,
      incorporated into diffusion chamber bioartificial organs can promote
      neovascularization around the subcutaneously implanted hollow fiber and may
      improve oxygen delivery to the tissue encapsulated within devices based on this
      technology.

PMID- 9952005
TI  - Intravascular membrane oxygenator and carbon dioxide removal devices: a review of
      performance and improvements.
AB  - The first intravascular oxygenator and carbon dioxide (CO2) removal device
      (IVOX), conceived by Mortensen, was capable of removing 30% of CO2 production of
      an adult at normocapnia with a measurable reduction in ventilator requirements.
      Through studies of mathematical modeling, an ex vivo venovenous bypass circuit to
      model the human vena cava, animal models of severe smoke inhalation injury, and
      patients with acute respiratory failure, the practice of permissive hypercapnia
      has been established to enhance CO2 removal by IVOX. By allowing the blood pCO2
      to rise gradually, the CO2 excretion by IVOX can be linearly increased in a 1:1
      relationship. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that CO2 removal by
      IVOX can increase from 30 to 40 ml/min at a normal blood pCO2 to 80 to 90 ml/min
      at a pCO2 of 90 mm Hg. In addition, IVOX with permissive hypercapnia allows a
      significant reduction in minute ventilation and peak airway pressure. Active
      blood mixing to decrease the boundary layer resistance in the blood can
      significantly improve O2 transfer by up to 49% and CO2 removal by up to 35%.
      Design changes can also improve the performance of IVOX. Increased surface area
      with more fibers and enhanced mixing by increased fiber crimping in new
      prototypes of IVOX significantly increased CO2 removal. Other groups have used
      alternative designs to address the limited performance of intravascular gas
      exchange devices. With improved design and patient management, clinically
      meaningful gas exchange and reduction in mechanical ventilatory support may be
      achieved during treatment of severe respiratory failure.

PMID- 9952007
TI  - Significant reduction in circuit pressure with modified plasma separation chamber
      for a heparin removal device.
AB  - The heparin removal device (HRD), using plasma separation and poly-L-lysine (PLL)
      affinity adsorption, has been shown to be an effective alternative to protamine
      after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Previous designs of the HRD used standard
      Luer-Lok ((phi = 2.3 mm) port connections between the extracorporeal tubing and
      the plasma separation chambers, which resulted in excessively high circuit
      pressures (> 750 mm Hg) at an HRD flow of 1,400 ml/min. To reduce circuit
      pressures, we enlarged the connection ports to phi = 4.2 mm, keeping other
      circuit components and sorbent amounts unchanged. The modified circuit HRD was
      divided into the SMALL PORT group (phi = 2.3 mm, A = 4.15 mm2) and the LARGE PORT
      group (phi = 4.2 mm, A = 13.85 mm2) in adult swine (70+/-5 kg) given 300 U/kg
      heparin. A dual lumen cannula was inserted into the right atrium and connected to
      the HRD. Inlet pressure ranged from 749+/-42 to 795+/-57 mm Hg in the SMALL PORT
      group during the HRD run at 1,400 ml/min, whereas it ranged from 345+/-5 to 372+/
      34 mm Hg in the LARGE PORT group (p < 0.01 between groups). Likewise, the chamber
      pressure ranged from 447+/-21 to 452+/-27 mm Hg in the SMALL PORT group and from
      190+/-14 to 204+/-19 mm Hg in the LARGE PORT group (p < 0.01 between groups).
      There were no significant differences in ACT between groups. We conclude that
      enlarged chamber ports significantly lower circuit pressures for the HRD without
      changing heparin removal capability.

PMID- 9952006
TI  - Can the clearance of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 be enhanced
      using an albumin dialysate hemodiafiltration system?
AB  - Patients with acute hepatic failure (AHF) have elevated levels of inflammatory
      cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL
      6). Recently, we have shown selective hemodiafiltration with albumin dialysis, as
      an extracorporeal liver support device (ECLVS), to be effective in the clearance
      of multiple toxins that are elevated in AHF. Our objective was to evaluate
      whether ECLVS would be effective in the clearance of TNF-alpha and IL-6. An in
      vitro continuous hemodiafiltration circuit was used with single pass counter
      current dialysis. A known amount of recombinant rat TNF-alpha and IL-6 was added
      to heparinized bovine blood and filtered across a polyalkyl sulfone hemofilter
      using matched filtration and dialysate flow rates. During 4 hours, the serial TNF
      alpha and IL-6 concentrations were measured in the circulating blood, and the
      content of each cytokine was calculated using mass balance. For each cytokine,
      clearance was determined for two dialysate groups at constant temperature and pH
      (group 1: dialysate = 0.9 normal saline, n = 5; group 2: dialysate = albumin 2
      gm/dl, n = 5). Analysis of data was performed using ANOVA and Student's t-test.
      There was improved clearance of TNF-alpha and IL-6 when albumin was used in the
      dialysate (81+/-0.09% of the initial TNF-alpha and 77+/-0.04% of the IL-6
      quantities) compared with when 0.9 normal saline was used as the dialysate (58+/
      0.14% of the initial TNF-alpha and 56+/-0.18% of the IL-6 quantities); p < 0.03.
      An ECLVS utilizing hemodiafiltration with albumin dialysis is more effective than
      conventional hemofiltration in the clearance of TNF-alpha and IL-6 and,
      therefore, may benefit patients with acute hepatic failure.

PMID- 9952008
TI  - Evaluation of a physiologic pulsatile pump system for neonate-infant
      cardiopulmonary bypass support.
AB  - An alternate physiologic pulsatile pump (PPP) system was designed and evaluated
      to produce sufficient pulsatility during neonate-infant open heart surgery. This
      hydraulically driven pump system has a unique "dual" pumping chamber mechanism.
      The first chamber is placed between the venous reservoir and oxygenator and the
      second chamber between the oxygenator and patient. Each chamber has two
      unidirectional tricuspid valves. Stroke volume (0.2-10 ml), upstroke rise time
      (10-350 msec), and pump rate (2-250 beats per minute [bpm]) can be adjusted
      independently to produce adequate pulsatility. This system has been tested in 3
      kg piglets (n = 6), with a pump flow of 150 ml/kg/min, a pump rate of 150 bpm,
      and a pump ejection time of 110 msec. After initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass
      (CPB), all animals were subjected to 25 minutes of hypothermia to reduce the
      rectal temperatures to 18 degrees C, 60 minutes of deep hypothermic circulatory
      arrest (DHCA), then 10 minutes of cold perfusion with a full pump flow, and 40
      minutes of rewarming. During CPB, mean arterial pressures were kept at less than
      50 mm Hg. Mean extracorporeal circuit pressure (ECCP), the pressure drop of a 10
      French aortic cannula, and the pulse pressure were 67+/-9, 21+/-6, and 16+/-2 mm
      Hg, respectively. All values are represented as mean+/-SD. No regurgitation or
      abnormal hemolysis has been detected during these experiments. The oxygenator had
      no damping effect on the quality of the pulsatility because of the dual chamber
      pumping mechanism. The ECCP was also significantly lower than any other known
      pulsatile system. We conclude that this system, with a 10 French aortic cannula
      and arterial filter, produces adequate pulsatility in 3 kg piglets.

PMID- 9952009
TI  - Effects of mechanical fatigue on the bending properties of the porcine
      bioprosthetic heart valve.
AB  - The mechanisms underlying the failure of porcine bioprosthetic aortic heart
      valves are not well understood. One possible explanation is that delaminations of
      the layered leaflet structure occur through flexion, leading to calcification and
      further delaminations, and finally resulting in valve failure. We investigated
      the changes in flexural rigidity of the belly of aortic valve cusps subjected to
      accelerated durability testing. We used three-point bending wherein a load was
      applied to the center of each specimen by a thin stainless steel bar calibrated
      to a known load-displacement relationship. Ten circumferential and 15 radial
      specimens from valves fatigued to 0, 50, 100, and 200 million cycles were flexed
      both with and against the curvature of the cusp. Linear beam theory was applied
      as a means to compare the relative bending stiffness between groups. Although
      specimens aligned to the circumferential direction were stiffer when bent against
      the cuspal curvature, the radial oriented specimens exhibited no bending
      directional dependence. Both the radial and circumferential specimens experienced
      a significant decrease in the bending stiffness with an increased number of
      accelerated test cycles. Overall, our results suggest that it is the fibrosa that
      experiences the greatest loss of stiffness with mechanically induced fatigue
      damage.

PMID- 9952010
TI  - Conductance artifacts in a novel in vitro model of ventriculothoracic electrical
      coupling.
AB  - The utility of open chest conductance (COND) ventriculography is limited by
      artifacts altering the relationship between COND and left ventricular (LV)
      volume. Pressure-COND loops often lean to the left during LV volume reduction by
      caval occlusion. Time varying alterations in the pericardial-LV contact area
      affect electrical coupling in the open chest during the cardiac cycle, producing
      COND artifacts. In this study, an open-mediastinum model was constructed.
      Components represented the LV, blood, pericardium, and thoracic contents. Varying
      ventriculothoracic coupling was simulated by changing the volume of pericardial
      saline (0, 30, 60 ml). Raw dual field COND was repeatedly (n = 20) compared with
      volumes of normal saline from 60 to 120 ml at 5 ml intervals. Groups were
      compared by linear regression and repeated measures ANOVA. Artifacts
      significantly (p < 0.01) altered parallel COND, indicated by the y-intercept,
      with the exception of 0 versus 30 ml. The slope constant also changed
      significantly, with the exception of 30 versus 60 ml. These results suggest that
      variable pericardial-LV contact can cause time varying artifacts in COND in the
      open chest. Therefore, posterior insulation may reduce artifacts in COND
      ventriculography and should be tested for this effect.

PMID- 9952011
TI  - Effectiveness of transaortic venting from a failing left ventricle during
      venoarterial bypass.
AB  - Insufficient unloading of the left ventricle (LV) is a limitation of percutaneous
      cardiopulumonary support (PCPS). We previously reported the unloading effect of
      transaortic catheter venting (TACV) during venoarterial bypass (VAB) in normal
      hearts. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of TACV with VAB in
      a heart failure (HF) model. Seven adult mongrel dogs underwent TACV with VAB, and
      isolated LV failure was induced by multiple ligation of left coronary arteries.
      With standard hemodynamic monitoring, slope of the LV end-systolic pressure
      volume relationship (Emax; mm Hg/ml), aortic elastance (Ea; mm Hg/ml), LV stroke
      work (SW; 10(-4)J), preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW; 10(-4)J/ ml), LV
      pressure-volume area (PVA; 10(-4)J), and potential energy (PE; 10(-4)J) were
      assessed using a micro-tip manometer and a conductance catheter. In addition to
      evaluation of LV function, myocardial adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was
      measured in each condition. The TACV combined support significantly reduced LV
      total energy (PVA) and LV work (SW). The LV energetic charge (PE/PVA, myocardial
      ATP) was significantly increased by TACV. These results suggest that TACV might
      be an effective technique for LV recovery during VAB or PCPS in patients with
      severe heart failure.

PMID- 9952012
TI  - Numeric flow simulation for an innovative ventricular assist system secondary
      impeller.
AB  - The secondary impeller of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation Innovative Ventricular
      Assist System heart pump is designed to pump the blood from the journal bearing
      through the annulus back to the discharge to rejoin the main flow. It is crucial,
      however, that the amount of hemolysis and potential for thrombus formation is
      minimized. Based on our earlier computational fluid analysis of the initial
      design, an improved secondary impeller has been proposed. The objective of this
      work was to analyze the flow with the new impeller configuration by computational
      fluid dynamics and to find out where in the geometry hemolysis becomes high, as
      well as where the potential for thrombosis exists. The present work includes: 1)
      visualizing the 3-dimensional flow pattern in the secondary impeller cavity, 2)
      investigating the tip clearance effect, and 3) estimating the shear stress
      distribution as a measure for blood damage caused in the secondary impeller
      cavity.

PMID- 9952013
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of prostaglandins and catecholamines in graded reduction of
      pulmonary flow during venoarterial bypass in awake goats.
AB  - The roles of prostaglandins and catecholamines in the hypotensive hemodynamic
      change during cardiopulmonary support with a venoarterial bypass (VAB) were
      investigated in a series of chronic animal experiments of gradually reduced
      pulmonary arterial blood flow (PAF). The VAB system consisted of a pulsatile
      ventricular assist device, an artificial lung, and the right atrium uptake and
      descending aorta return cannulae in four adult goats weighing 49-51 kg. The PAF
      was adjusted to 50, 10, and 0% of the total systemic blood flow. Indomethacin, an
      inhibitor of prostaglandin production; phentolamine, an alpha-antagonist of
      catecholamine; and noradrenaline, an agonist of catecholamine were administered
      at each PAF condition. The mean aortic pressure (mAoP) and the systemic vascular
      resistance decreased in proportion to the decrease in PAF. Indomethacin increased
      the mAoP at all PAF conditions, indicating a relationship between prostaglandins
      and hypotension. Phentolamine decreased the mAoP at all PAF conditions,
      indicating a normal response of catecholamine receptors. However, noradrenaline
      increased the mAoP at 50 and 10% PAF, but did not appreciably increase the value
      at 0% PAF, indicating complete response of catecholamine receptors to endogenous
      catecholamines at 0% PAF only. In conclusion, prostaglandins play a substantial
      role in hypotension during VAB, and catecholamines may subsequently increase in
      compensation for extreme hypotension.

PMID- 9952014
TI  - Numeric modeling of the cardiovascular system with a left ventricular assist
      device.
AB  - A numeric model consisting of a lump-parameter cardiovascular system (CVS) model
      and a model for the Cleveland Clinic Implantable Ventricular Assist System
      (IVAS), a nonpulsatile rotary pump designed to augment the failing left
      ventricle, are described in this paper. The purposes of this study were to 1)
      observe the hemodynamic interactions between CVS and IVAS under various
      physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions running at different speeds; and 2)
      allow testing and optimization of various IVAS control algorithms. An existing
      numeric model of CVS (24 coupled differential equations, representing all cardiac
      chambers and systemic and pulmonary vasculature) was modified to add the IVAS
      pump as an auxiliary chamber between the left ventricle and aorta with pressure
      flow-speed characteristics derived from in vitro testing. Simulations were
      conducted for ventricles with normal and abnormal systolic and diastolic
      dysfunction at different exercise levels with the pump running at various speeds.
      Computer simulations show that 1) numeric modeling is useful for predicting
      hemodynamic response of CVS to IVAS in various circumstances; 2) IVAS results in
      normalization of cardiac output, especially in failing hearts, although with
      reduced pulse pressure; and 3) various control algorithms allowing adaptation of
      IVAS to physiologic demands of CVS could be developed based on the simulation
      study.

PMID- 9952015
TI  - Development of an endocardioscope for repair of an atrial septal defect in the
      beating heart.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of surgical treatment
      of an atrial septal defect in the beating heart without cardiopulmonary bypass.
      The first step was to develop an endocardioscope that permitted observation of
      the inside of the beating heart. To visualize the inside of the beating heart,
      the tip of the endoscope was covered with a glass adapter. The endocardioscope
      was inserted through the right atrial appendage in eight beagles. The atrial
      septum, foramen ovale, coronary sinus, tricuspid valve, and chordae tendineae
      were identified without hemodynamic derangement. The second step was to attempt
      to close the foramen ovale with clips or staplers. We were able to close the
      foramen ovale with these devices, but a safer, easier device is needed. The
      endocardioscope we developed should prove to be a useful tool for minimally
      invasive surgical treatment of heart diseases, such as atrial septal defect.

PMID- 9952016
TI  - Effect of multivitamins on plasma homocysteine and folate levels in patients on
      hemodialysis.
AB  - Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients on
      hemodialysis. Causes include genetic enzyme deficiencies, chronic renal failure,
      and vitamin deficiencies. Homocysteine correlates negatively with folate status.
      In patients on hemodialysis, supraphysiologic doses of B vitamins and folate
      reduce homocysteine by 26-33%. No study has examined the effect of a standard
      multivitamin (Nephro-Vite Rx), containing B vitamins and 1 mg of folate, on
      erythrocyte-folate (RBC-folate) and homocysteine in patients on dialysis. We
      examined RBC-folate and homocysteine levels in 11 stable chronic patients on
      hemodialysis, mean duration of dialysis 9.8+/-4.1 months, who were not on vitamin
      or folate supplements, and repeated these levels after 3 weeks of once daily
      Nephro-Vite Rx dosage. Plasma homocysteine levels fell by 23.7% from 27.8+/-5.9
      to 21.2+/-6.6 micromol/L (p = 0.007), whereas RBC-folate levels rose 60% from
      631.2+/-208.3 to 1007.5+/-423.7 nmol/L (p = 0.001). The optimum dose of B
      vitamins and folate remains to be established, and a clinical benefit from
      lowering homocysteine has not yet been demonstrated. In summary, a standard
      multivitamin such as Nephro-Vite Rx reduces plasma homocysteine levels and
      increases RBC-folate levels in patients on hemodialysis. Our results may have
      implications for the modification of cardiovascular risk in these patients.

PMID- 9952017
TI  - Theoretical comparison of filtration by the renal glomerulus and artificial
      membranes.
AB  - Improvement in filtration performance of artificial membranes will be possible if
      their structure mimics the renal glomerulus. Blood filtration with glomerular
      capillary and artificial membranes was, therefore, modeled to clarify the effects
      of their structure on filtration rates. Filtration rates were obtained by
      dividing membrane modules axially into a number of sections and using a calculus
      of finite differences. The modules were assumed to be composed of straight hollow
      fibers arranged in parallel, with a membrane surface area of 1.5 m2. The mean
      transmembrane pressure (TMP) was assumed to be too low for a protein gel layer to
      form on the membrane surface. A decrease in the inner diameter of membrane hollow
      fibers led to an increase in filtration rate because of an increased film mass
      transfer coefficient. A decrease in hollow fiber length also produced an increase
      in filtration rate because of decreased axial TMP drop. The glomerular capillary
      has a higher filtration rate than artificial membranes because of the low TMP
      drop and the low osmotic pressure at the membrane surface. Decreasing both the
      inner diameter and the length of the hollow fibers is effective in increasing the
      filtration rate at constant TMP.

PMID- 9952018
TI  - Development of a stopped flow reactor for the rapid, high sensitivity measurement
      of endotoxin concentration in dialysate.
AB  - Continuous measurement of endotoxin concentration in dialysate, using a separated
      endotoxin-specific limulus reagent, promises rapid measurement without the
      complex operating procedures of the limulus reagent. To achieve high sensitivity
      measurements in a short period of time, an improved system featuring stopped-flow
      operation was developed. To prevent dispersion of the limulus reagent and
      residence of reacting solution containing the limulus reagent in the system
      reactor, the circuit in the reactor was changed from a coil configuration to a
      straight line, and its length was reduced. An endotoxin test solution was
      supplied at 760 microl/min, into which 40 microl of limulus reagent was pulse
      injected. Flow was stopped at the point where the test solution entered the
      reactor. After the completion of the reaction, the solution was passed through a
      spectrophotometer and the relationship between reaction time and absorbance was
      determined. Peak tailing was less than that obtained by the conventional
      technique, good correlation was obtained from the peak height, and a decrease in
      sensitivity caused by broadening of the peak was suppressed. The lower detection
      limit of dialysate was 100 endotoxin units (EU)/L at a reaction time of 20
      minutes, and 60 EU/L at 30 minutes. Change from the monitoring system to stop
      flow operation made high sensitivity monitoring of endotoxin concentration with a
      short reaction time possible.

PMID- 9952019
TI  - In vitro clotting technique for hemodialysis circuits.
AB  - Physiologic clotting of a dialysis circuit was achieved using an in vitro method.
      The closed loop method used a circuit filled with defibrinated bovine blood. To
      achieve clotting, a slow infusion (5-15 ml/hr) of ACD bovine plasma was
      performed. The rate and amount of infusion of the plasma allowed for careful
      control of the amount of clotting in the circuit and dialyzer. By varying these,
      a range of clotting (10-40% dialyzer volume reduction) was achieved in a
      timeframe of approximately 100 minutes. The results of the technique closely
      mimicked clinical examples of dialysis circuits in appearance. Residual blood
      clots were present in the venous drip chamber filter, in nonstreamlined areas of
      the bloodline (e.g., bond joint gaps), and throughout the dialyzer fibers and
      header space. As an additional check of clotting distribution, the performance of
      the dialyzers compared favorably with previously reported effects of reuse.
      Solute clearances decreased with the fiber bundle volumes (FBV) of the devices.
      Correlations of small molecular weight (MW) (urea, creatinine) clearances with
      FBV were linear, whereas middle MW (vitamin B12) clearances and the
      ultrafiltration coefficient (kUF) had nonlinear correlations. The results
      indicate that this clotting method can be used as a valuable tool for a
      qualitative in vitro assessment of a hemodialysis extracorporeal circuit.

PMID- 9952020
TI  - Rapid activation of the alternative pathway of complement by extracorporeal
      membrane oxygenation.
AB  - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an effective therapy for patients
      with severe respiratory distress syndromes. However, an inflammatory response has
      been observed with the use of this therapy. We measured complement activation in
      vivo in two adults receiving ECMO for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
      Production of complement activation fragments C4d, Bb, iC3b, and SC5b-9 was
      determined using commercial ELISA kits. In both patients there was intense
      activation of complement that peaked 1 hour (mean SC5b-9 increase to 1135% of
      baseline) after the start of ECMO and occurred predominantly via the alternative
      pathway (Bb production). Early and acute complement activation may be responsible
      for the initiation of the inflammatory response that has been observed in
      patients treated with ECMO.

PMID- 9952021
TI  - Evaluation of microparticles released from an adsorber used for low density
      lipoprotein apheresis.

PMID- 9952022
TI  - Differential surface expression of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DRB4 among peripheral blood
      cells of DR4 positive individuals.
AB  - Increasing interest in the functional consequences of differential expression of
      MHC class II molecules prompted us to examine the surface expression of HLA class
      II molecules on fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Differential regulation
      of DR4 and DRB4 was shown for peripheral blood monocytes. In addition, DR4
      expression is upregulated on B cells of patients suffering from chronic
      inflammation and is reduced under prednisolone-treatment. The expression levels
      of total DR molecules on a given cell type are almost identical comparing
      different haplotypes among non-RA controls, suggesting that the alpha-chain
      determines the level of surface expression. The present findings fit the
      hypothesis that the differential expression of HLA class II molecules is involved
      in regulation of the immune response and may thus contribute to determining
      susceptibility to immunological diseases.

PMID- 9952023
TI  - Activation of human Valpha24NKT cells by alpha-glycosylceramide in a CD1d
      restricted and Valpha24TCR-mediated manner.
AB  - Vact14NK(natural killer) T cells play an important role in controlling tumors or
      in preventing autoimmunity in the murine system. Valpha24NKT cells, the human
      counterpart of Valpha14NKT cells, may contribute to controlling the progression
      of autoimmune diseases in humans. These findings show the possibility that
      ligand(s) for these NKT cells can control the above-mentioned pathological
      conditions. Specific glycolipids such as alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer)
      and alpha-glucosylceramide (alpha-GlcCer) have been identified as ligand(s)
      recognized by murine Valpha14NKT cells in a CD1d-restricted manner, but it
      remains unclear whether these glycolipids are ligand(s) for Valpha24NKT cells in
      humans. To determine whether alpha-glycosylceramide is presented by CD1d
      molecules in humans, we initially established a Valpha24NKT cell line specific
      for alpha-glycosylceramide using dendritic cell (DC) like cells from normal
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in an autologous mixed leukocyte
      reaction (auto-MLR) system, and characterized the Valpha24NKT cell line. The
      Valpha24NKT cells were CD3+ CD4-CD8-Valpha24+Vbeta11+NKRP1A+ and specifically
      proliferated in response to alpha-glycosylceramide in CD1d-restricted and
      Valpha24TCR-mediated manner. The phenotypic and functional similarities between
      murine Valpha14NKT cells and human Valpha24NKT cells suggest that Valpha24NKT
      cells may play an important role in controlling tumors or in preventing
      autoimmunity as observed with Valpha14NKT cells.

PMID- 9952024
TI  - Natural T cells in the human liver: cytotoxic lymphocytes with dual T cell and
      natural killer cell phenotype and function are phenotypically heterogenous and
      include Valpha24-JalphaQ and gammadelta T cell receptor bearing cells.
AB  - The adult liver contains lymphocytes with a unique phenotypic distribution
      compared to blood and other organs. We have characterized a human lymphocyte
      population that exhibits dual T cell and natural killer (NK) cell phenotype and
      function, denoted natural T (NT) cells, in nine normal adult liver specimens.
      Flow cytometry revealed that up to 55% (mean 27%) of hepatic (but <6% of
      peripheral) CD3+ lymphocytes expressed CD56, CD161 and/or one or more of the
      killer inhibitory receptors (KIR) p58.1, p58.2, p70 and CD94. NK function was
      attributed to the CD3+CD56+ cells by the demonstration that hepatic, but not
      peripheral, CD3+ lymphocytes could be induced to lyse NK-sensitive K562 target
      cells, while CD56- cells from both compartments could not. Three color flow
      cytometric analysis of fresh hepatic cells indicated that CD3+CD56+ NT cells can
      be either CD8+, CD4+ or CD4 CD8-, they express alphabeta or gammadelta T cell
      receptors (TCR) and CD161 and KIRs, but rarely CD16. Hepatic NT cells
      predominantly express the mature/activated CD45RO and CD56dim phenotypes.
      Analysis of mRNA production by isolated NT cells indicated a preferential usage
      of the invariant CD1-restricted Valpha24-JalphaQ TCR. The presence of such large
      numbers of chronically activated NT cells provides compelling evidence that the
      liver has unique immunoregulatory functions.

PMID- 9952025
TI  - Tolerance of NK and LAK activity for HLA class I-deficient targets in a TAP1
      deficient patient (bare lymphocyte syndrome type I).
AB  - NK cells recognize target cells that lack HLA class I molecules and lyse them,
      according to the 'missing self' hypothesis. It was previously reported that a
      TAP2-deficient patient with an HLA class I-deficiency, had a normal number of NK
      cells but that the lymphocytes of this patient had lost their NK activity against
      K562 cells. In this study, we investigated the HLA class I-recognizing NK
      receptor expressions and the NK and LAK activities of the lymphocytes of a TAP1
      deficient patient. The patient had a normal number of NK cells. Although the
      lymphocytes showed LAK activity against class I expressing targets following IL
      2, IL-12 and IL-15 stimulation for 3 days, neither NK nor LAK activity against
      targets lacking class I molecules was induced. The NK cells of the patient
      expressed class I-recognizing NK receptors, although the percentages of such
      cells were low. However, no differences were observed in the expression levels of
      inhibitory and activating NK receptors between lymphocytes of the patient and
      those of healthy controls, suggesting that the modulation of the NK receptor
      expression is not primarily responsible for this tolerance. These results also
      suggest that the lymphocytes of the patient are defective in the recognition of
      class I-deficient target cells in order to promote the induction of self
      tolerance.

PMID- 9952026
TI  - Donor cell induced CD69 expression and intracellular IL-2 and IL-4 production by
      peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from kidney transplant recipients.
AB  - Flow cytometry assays, which measure CD69 activation and intracellular cytokine
      production, have been used to measure peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) responses
      to in vitro antigen exposure. In the present study, we show that, in healthy
      individuals and immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients, CD69 expression
      and intracellular cytokine production by peripheral blood T cells compare
      favorably to thymidine uptake as a measure of PBL response to alloantigen in
      mixed leukocyte culture (MLC). Heparinized whole blood from 23 healthy
      individuals was incubated for 24-48 h with 3rd party allogeneic monocytes; blood
      from twelve kidney transplant recipients was incubated with monocytes from their
      kidney donor and with monocytes from unrelated individuals. The percentage of T
      cells expressing surface CD69 or intracellular IL-2 or IL-4 was determined by 3
      color flow cytometry. We identified 5 donor-specific response patterns in our
      kidney transplant group. One transplant recipient was hyporesponsive; his cells
      did not express CD69 or produce IL-2 in response to either donor or 3rd party
      allogeneic cells. All other transplant recipients expressed CD69 and IL-2 in
      response to 3rd party allogeneic cells. Two had no response to donor cells (donor
      specific hyporesponsiveness), three had donor-specific anergy (CD69 expression
      without cytokine production in response to donor cells), five had a donor
      specific Thl response (CD69 expression and IL-2 production in response to donor
      cells), and one had a donor-specific Th2 response (CD69 expression and IL-4 but
      not IL-2 production in response to donor cells). Rapid measures of donor-specific
      hyporesponsiveness such as CD69 activation antigen expression and intracellular
      cytokine production may prove valuable in monitoring lymphocyte function and aid
      in the long-term management of kidney transplant recipients.

PMID- 9952027
TI  - Autoantibodies to transcriptional regulation proteins DEK and ALY in a patient
      with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A human cDNA expression library that was used to investigate the nature of
      autoantigens recognized by the serum from a patient with systemic lupus
      erythematosus revealed the presence of antibodies directed against two
      transcriptional regulation protein: DEK, a site-specific 45 kD DNA binding
      protein, likely involved in signal transduction and transcriptional regulation,
      and a novel 28 kD protein that showed a 94% homology with murine ALY, a nuclear
      protein that plays a role in regulating the activity of TCRalpha enhancer
      complex. Whereas autoantibodies directed to epitopes on DEK are commonly found in
      patients with pauciarticular onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, autoantibodies
      against ALY have not been described and their occurrence has led to the cloning
      of the cDNA sequence of the first member of the human ALY family.

PMID- 9952029
TI  - Chromosome 6p-encoded HLA-DR2 determination discriminates migraine without aura
      from migraine with aura.
AB  - Segregation analysis indicates that migraine without aura (MWoA) and migraine
      with aura (MWA) have multifactorial inheritance, but involved genetic and
      environmental factors are largely unknown. A controlled study was performed to
      assess the HLA-driven liability to migraine and to verify if the heterogeneity
      between MWoA and MWA is HLA-linked. Forty-five migraine patients (31 MWoA, 14
      MWA) and 53 healthy blood donors as controls, coming from the same geographic
      area, were studied. Tissue typing was performed using the standard complement
      dependent microlymphocytotoxicity technique for HLA Class I and by PCR-SSP
      (Sequences Specific Primers) typing for HLA Class II. Data emerging from the
      present study showed no altered distribution for HLA Class I A, B, C antigen
      frequency in migraine (MWoA, MWA) if compared to the control group. HLA Class II
      DR2 antigen showed a decreased frequency in MWA group if compared with both MWoA
      (p = 0.01) and control group (p = 0.039, RR = 0.21). These results seem to
      support the hypothesis of a protective role of DR2 antigen in MWA and provide
      additional basis for the proposed difference within MWoA and MWA.

PMID- 9952028
TI  - An endogenous retroviral long terminal repeat at the HLA-DQB1 gene locus confers
      susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) long terminal repeat (LTR) elements contain
      regulatory sequences that can influence the expression of adjacent cellular
      genes, which may contribute to breakdowns of the immune function leading to
      autoimmune disease. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with particular HLA
      DR/DQ haplotypes that modulate the pathogenesis of this autoimmune disease. We
      have therefore studied a solitary LTR element (DQ-LTR3) of the HERV-K family at
      the HLA-DQB1 locus for a possible disease association among 228 RA patients and
      311 unrelated blood donors. The DQ-LTR3 was significantly more frequent among
      patients (76% vs 33%, OR = 5.07,p < 0.0001), with the majority of patients being
      heterozygous for the DQ-LTR3 (61% vs 22%, p < 0.0001). HLA-DRB1*04 positive
      patients did still differ for the presence of the DQ-LTR3 (88% vs 70%, OR = 3.03,
      p < 0.001), with an increase of both DQ-LTR3 homozygous and heterozygous
      patients, when compared to DRB1*04 positive controls (p = 0.0015). HLA-DR/DQ
      genotype analysis among HLA-DRB1*04 positive individuals revealed significantly
      more DQ-LTR3 homozygotes among HLA-DRB1*04-DQBI*03 homozygous patients (72% vs
      27%, P = 0.015), and the number of DQ-LTR3 homozygous (23% vs 19%) and
      heterozygous (66% vs 53%) individuals was also increased among HLA-DRB1*04
      heterozygous patients (p = 0.034). The presence of the DQ-LTR3 element increased
      both the relative risk and the positive predictive value for either DRB1*04
      DQB1*03 positive/negative individuals when compared to the presence of HLA
      DRB1*04-DQB1*03 alone. In conclusion, these data suggest that this DQ-LTR3
      enhances susceptibility to RA.

PMID- 9952030
TI  - A clonal culture assay for human cord blood lymphohematopoietic progenitors.
AB  - We describe a two-step clonal culture assay system for human lymphohematopoietic
      progenitors present in umbilical cord blood which are capable of differentiation
      along both myeloid and B-lymphoid lineages. Human cord blood CD34+ cells were
      plated in methylcellulose in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte
      colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin (IL)-7, and the murine stroma cell
      line, MS-5. The growing primary colonies were individually examined for their
      potentials to differentiate along both myeloid and B-lymphoid lineages by
      reculturing aliquots of the primary colonies in methylcellulose culture
      containing IL-3, G-CSF and erythropoietin (Epo), and on a monolayer of MS-5 in
      the presence of SCF and G-CSF. Approximately 10-15% of the primary colonies
      generated various combinations of myeloid cells and CD19+ sIgM+ cells. Subsequent
      studies using micromanipulated single CD34+ cells unequivocally demonstrated the
      clonal origin of the lymphohematopoietic progenitors. This culture system should
      prove valuable for elucidation of the mechanisms regulating early stages of human
      lymphohematopoiesis.

PMID- 9952031
TI  - Triplet repeat polymorphism in the MICA gene in HLA-B27 positive and negative
      caucasian patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - Previously, we reported a triplet repeat polymorphism in the transmembrane region
      within the MICA gene closely linked to HLA-B in a limited number of B27-positive
      Caucasian patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (N = 48). In this study, we
      enrolled much more patients including some negative for B27, 162 AS subjects
      consisting of 140 B27-positive, and 22 B27-negative patients. The microsatellite
      allele consisting of 4 repetitions of (GCT/AGC) (A4 allele) was present at a
      significantly higher phenotype frequency in the patient group than in the
      ethnically matched control group (Pc < 0.000001). However, the frequency of the
      A4 allele was not significantly higher in the B27-positive and B27-negative
      patient groups, as compared to the B27-positive and B27-negative control groups,
      respectively. The higher phenotype frequency of the A4 allele in the patient
      group was supposed to be due to a strong linkage disequilibrium between the MICA
      and HLA-B genes. Thus, the possibility that the MICA gene is involved in the
      pathogenesis of AS can be excluded, supporting the hypothesis of a primary
      association of AS with HLA-B27.

PMID- 9952032
TI  - Nomenclature for Factors of the HLA system, update August 1998. WHO Nomenclature
      Committee for Factors of the HLA System.

PMID- 9952033
TI  - Nomenclature for Factors of the HLA System, update September 1998. WHO
      Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System.

PMID- 9952034
TI  - Ganglioside GM1 attenuates scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats and mice.
AB  - Some experimental evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of
      monosialoganglioside GM1 on learning and memory could be related to an improving
      effect in central cholinergic function. The present study investigates the
      effects of GM1 on the memory impairment induced by scopolamine in rats or mice
      tested in passive (PA) and discriminative avoidance (DA) tasks, respectively.
      Wistar EPM-1 male rats and Swiss EPM-M1 male mice were treated daily IP with 50
      mg/kg GM1 or saline for 7 or 14 days, respectively. Twenty-four hours after the
      last injection, GM1-treated animals received 1 mg/kg scopolamine (GM1-SCO) and
      saline-treated animals received 1 mg/kg scopolamine (SAL-SCO) or saline (SAL-SAL)
      IP. Twenty minutes later, the animals were submitted to PA or DA conditioning,
      and tests were performed 24 h later. The latency in entering the dark chamber of
      the PA apparatus (LD) presented by SAL-SCO rats was significantly decreased when
      compared to that presented by SAL-SAL animals. GM1-SCO animals showed an
      increased LD when compared to SAL-SCO animals and were not significantly
      different from SAL-SAL rats. GM1-SCO and SAL-SAL (but not SAL-SCO) mice spent
      significantly less time in the aversive enclosed arm of the discriminative
      avoidance apparatus when compared to the time spent in the non-aversive enclosed
      arm. The results are consistent with the interpretation that GM1 attenuates
      scopolamine-induced amnesia. Although not eliminating the participation of other
      transmitter systems, the present study indicates a possible role of central
      cholinergic transmission in the action of this compound on learning and memory.

PMID- 9952035
TI  - Effects of test conditions on the outcome of place conditioning with morphine and
      naltrexone in mice.
AB  - Drug administration during test trials can increase the expression of place
      conditioning, offering an opportunity to determine the specificity of this
      enhanced response. Prior to training, Swiss-Webster mice spent similar durations
      in each of the distinctive compartments of a two-compartment box during three 900
      s tests. During a 4-day conditioning period, daily injections of morphine (5-20
      mg/kg, SC) or vehicle were differentially paired with one of two compartments of
      the box using an unbiased place conditioning procedure. Post-conditioning tests
      were conducted 2 and 3 days after the last conditioning day. Mice pre-treated
      during post-conditioning tests with vehicle did not show significant preference
      for the morphine-paired compartment when conditioned with morphine. Pretreatment
      with morphine (2.5-30 mg/kg, SC) led to a dose-dependent increase in time spent
      in the morphine-paired compartment. Post-conditioning tests in other groups of
      mice were conducted with heroin (0.1-3 mg/kg), fentanyl (0.01-0.3 mg/kg), cocaine
      (10-30 mg/kg) and pentobarbital (10-30 mg/kg), and results suggested that none of
      the tested drugs facilitated the expression of the morphine-conditioned place
      preference. In another experiment, naltrexone (0.1-10 mg/kg, SC) was administered
      as the conditioning drug. When tested with naltrexone (0.1-10 mg/kg), there was a
      dose-dependent avoidance of the naltrexone-paired compartment. Overall, the
      present data indicated that: (1) failure to exhibit place preference or place
      aversion when tested in a drug-free state does not imply the failure of
      conditioning procedure; and (2) effects of the morphine cue reinstatement during
      the post-conditioning tests appeared to be related to the unique pharmacological
      profile of the morphine stimulus.

PMID- 9952036
TI  - Repeated neonatal maternal separation alters intravenous cocaine self
      administration in adult rats.
AB  - Behavioural responses to psychostimulant drugs can be profoundly affected by
      early environmental influences. The aim of this study was to describe the effects
      of repeated brief separations of rat pups from their dams during the early
      neonatal period on cocaine self-administration behaviour as adults. Lister hooded
      rats exposed to a repeated maternal separation procedure (REMS) showed altered
      acquisition and maintenance of cocaine self-administration as adults, the effects
      being dose and gender-dependent. Overall, the patterns of acquisition of self
      administration across three doses of cocaine (0.05, 0.08 and 0.5 mg/injection)
      suggested a rightward shift in the acquisition dose-effect functions for the REMS
      animals relative to control animals. At 0.05 mg/injection, there was a retarded
      acquisition of cocaine self-administration in male and female neonatally
      separated rats. At 0.08 mg/injection there was a facilitated acquisition in
      female neonatally separated subjects. After establishment of stable self
      administration of the training dose, in the same cohort of subjects, rightward
      and downward shifts in the cocaine self-administration dose-effect functions were
      determined for female and male REMS subjects, respectively, relative to their
      controls. The dose-effect function for both female groups was shifted to the left
      of that of the respective male groups, although the lighter body weights of the
      females meant that they administered a higher unit dose per unit body weight than
      the males. Whereas male REMS subjects tended to self-administer less cocaine than
      the controls at the dose eliciting maximal responding (0.03 mg/injection) and to
      make fewer lever responses overall at each dose tested, female REMS subjects self
      administered significantly more cocaine than their respective controls at a dose
      of 0.03 mg/injection. There was no differential sensitivity to the rate-altering
      effects of the selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, eticlopride, or to the
      selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, SCH 23390. These data provide further
      evidence that altered early environment affects drug-taking behaviour in a
      developmentally specific and gender-specific manner, with the effects of neonatal
      separation contrasting with previously published data on the effects of post
      weaning isolation rearing.

PMID- 9952037
TI  - Increased sensitivity to the locomotor depressant effect of a dopamine receptor
      antagonist during cocaine withdrawal in the rat.
AB  - The effect of a dopamine receptor antagonist on locomotor activity was examined
      during withdrawal from either self-administered or experimenter-administered
      cocaine. In the self-administration experiment, the locomotor response to a
      challenge injection of cis-flupenthixol was assessed in photocell cages at 4 h
      after the cessation of a 12-h cocaine self-administration session. Rats which had
      self-administered cocaine, and were challenged with cis-flupenthixol (0.05
      mg/kg), were found to be hypoactive relative to controls. In the experimenter
      administered cocaine experiment, animals were given eight IP injections of 15
      mg/kg cocaine over a 9.5-h period, for a total of 120 mg/kg. At 4, 8, and 24 h
      (tested in three separate groups of rats) after cessation of the eight
      injections, the locomotor response to a challenge injection of saline or cis
      flupenthixol was tested. Cocaine-treated animals displayed a dose-dependent,
      heightened sensitivity to the locomotor depressant effects of 0.05 mg/kg and 0.2
      mg/kg cis-flupenthixol 4 h post-cocaine, whereas they did not show increased
      sensitivity to 0.05 mg/kg cis-flupenthixol 8 or 24 h post-cocaine. However,
      cocaine-treated animals displayed a mild hypoactivity 8 h post-cocaine. In a
      separate group of animals, a dose-response experiment was performed which
      indicated that a dose of cis-flupenthixol as high as 0.2 mg/kg was required to
      produce locomotor depression in cocaine-naive rats. The results of this study
      support clinical observations of dopamine antagonist-precipitated motor
      dysfunction in abstinent cocaine abusers, and lend further support to the
      hypothesis that alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission consequent to
      prolonged cocaine exposure are partly responsible for some of the symptoms of
      cocaine withdrawal.

PMID- 9952038
TI  - Effects of continuous oral nicotine administration on brain nicotinic receptors
      and responsiveness to nicotine in C57Bl/6 mice.
AB  - The route of drug delivery is an important consideration in studies that evaluate
      the long-term bio-behavioral adaptations that occur in response to chronic drug
      administration. Continuous infusions (intravenous or subcutaneous) or
      intermittent intraperitoneal (or subcutaneous) injections are the most commonly
      utilized routes of chronic drug delivery in these studies. The purpose of the
      present study was to determine the effects of chronic oral nicotine exposure on
      sensitivity to nicotine and brain nicotinic cholinergic receptors in female
      C57Bl/6 mice. Mice were randomized to different treatment groups that received 2%
      saccharin, containing 0-200 microg/ml nicotine (free base). In preliminary
      experiments, radiotelemetry devices were implanted in the mice; consumption of
      the nicotine-containing drinking solution caused a significant increase in home
      cage nocturnal (but not diurnal) activity and also altered circadian alterations
      in body temperature. Oral nicotine exposure resulted in dose-related elevations
      in plasma levels of cotinine, a primary nicotine metabolite. Continuous exposure
      (30 days) to oral nicotine (200 microg/ml) resulted in the expression of
      significant tolerance to the locomotor depressant and hypothermic actions of
      acute nicotine challenge. This tolerance was accompanied by a significant
      increase in brain nicotinic receptor number assessed by quantitative auto
      radiography using [3H]-cytisine (alpha4 nAChr) and [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin
      (alpha7 nAChr) as radioligands. These results suggest that chronic oral nicotine
      delivery to female C57Bl/6 mice results in behavioral and biochemical changes
      that resemble changes that occur following other routes of chronic nicotine
      delivery.

PMID- 9952039
TI  - Locomotor response to MDMA is attenuated in knockout mice lacking the 5-HT1B
      receptor.
AB  - 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a psychoactive drug of abuse which is
      increasingly popular in human recreational drug use. In rats, the drug has been
      shown to stimulate locomotion while decreasing exploratory behavior. MDMA acts as
      an indirect agonist of serotonin (5-HT) receptors by inducing 5-HT release by a 5
      HT reuptake transporter-dependent mechanism, although it is not known which 5-HT
      receptors are important for the behavioral effects of the drug. In order to
      examine the role of specific 5-HT receptors, we assessed the behavioral effects
      of MDMA on knockout mice lacking the 5-HT1B receptor. Knockout animals show a
      reduced locomotor response to MDMA, although delayed locomotor stimulation is
      present in these animals. This finding indicates that the locomotor effects of
      MDMA are dependent upon the 5-HT1B receptor, at least in part. In contrast, MDMA
      eliminates exploratory behavior in both normal and knockout mice, suggesting that
      the exploratory suppression induced by MDMA occurs through mechanisms other than
      activation of the 5-HT1B receptor. To confirm these findings, we tested the
      effects of MDMA on the locomotor and exploratory behavior of wild-type mice
      pretreated with GR 127935, a 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist. These mice had an
      attenuated locomotor response to MDMA, but still exhibited the drug-induced
      suppression of exploration.

PMID- 9952041
TI  - Sensitization elicited by directly and indirectly acting dopaminergic agonists:
      comparison using neural network analysis.
AB  - The major aim of this work was to compare sensitized responses to amphetamine
      with those of apomorphine. This was done using both a univariant analysis of
      locomotor activity and a multivariant neural network analysis of five different
      behaviors. The neural network analysis compares the pattern of behaviors from a
      treated group to a set of patterns from control conditions and estimates the dose
      of drug in control conditions that best matches the pattern of behaviors of the
      treated group. Both methods indicated that repeated administration of 2.0 mg/kg
      amphetamine but not 0.5 mg/kg amphetamine resulted in sensitization to the
      administration of a 0.5 mg/kg amphetamine challenge given 10 days following the
      end of the sensitizing regimen. Both analyses indicated sensitization following
      repeated administration of 5 mg/kg apomorphine. Studies of cross sensitization
      were done using a neural network analysis that could distinguish patterns of
      behavior elicited by amphetamine from those elicited by apomorphine. Such studies
      indicated that apomorphine elicits an apomorphine-like response in animals
      sensitized to either apomorphine or amphetamine. In contrast, amphetamine
      produces an amphetamine-like response in animals sensitized to amphetamine and an
      apomorphine-like response in animals sensitized to apomorphine. The results
      indicate that neural network analysis may be a useful tool for analyzing drug
      effects on patterns of behavior.

PMID- 9952040
TI  - Effect of 5-HT2 receptor antagonists on a cranial nerve reflex in the rabbit:
      evidence for inverse agonism.
AB  - This study examined the role of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptor in motor function by
      examining the effect of antagonists on the motor performance of a cranial nerve
      reflex, the nictitating membrane (NM) reflex of the rabbit. The NM reflex was
      elicited by varying intensities of a tactile stimulus and the magnitudes of the
      elicited responses were measured at each intensity. Dose-response curves were
      obtained for the effects of several 5-HT2 receptor antagonists on response
      magnitude. d-Bro-molysergic acid diethylamide (BOL), LY-53,857 and ketanserin had
      no significant effect on the magnitude of the NM reflex, indicating that they are
      neutral antagonists. However, the 5-HT2 receptor antagonists ritanserin, MDL
      11,939 and mianserin produced a significant reduction in response magnitude with
      no significant effects on response frequency, suggesting that they were acting as
      inverse agonists at the 5-HT2 receptor. The reduction in reflex magnitude
      produced by mianserin (10 micromol/kg) was fully blocked by BOL (5.8
      micromol/kg), supporting the conclusion that mianserin was producing a reduction
      in reflex magnitude through an effect at the 5-HT2 receptor. The occurrence of
      inverse agonism suggests the possible existence of constitutive activity in vivo.
      We conclude that the 5-HT2 receptor (either 2A or 2C) plays an important role in
      motor function, perhaps by providing a tonic influence on motor systems.

PMID- 9952042
TI  - In vivo 123I IBZM SPECT imaging of striatal dopamine-2 receptor occupancy in
      schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine in comparison to clozapine and
      haloperidol.
AB  - We investigated the degree of striatal dopamine-2 (D2) receptor occupancy in six
      schizophrenic patients receiving clinically effective antipsychotic treatment
      with olanzapine 10-25 mg/day in comparison to patients treated with clozapine 300
      600 mg/day (n = 6) or haloperidol 5-20 mg/day (n = 10). 123I Iodobenzamide (IBZM)
      and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) were used for the
      visualization of striatal D2 receptors. For the quantification of striatal D2
      receptor occupancy, striatal IBZM binding in patients treated with antipsychotics
      was compared to that in untreated healthy controls (n = 8) reported earlier.
      Olanzapine led to a mean striatal D2 receptor occupancy rate of 75% (range 63
      85). Haloperidol-treated patients showed dose-dependently (Pearson r = 0.64; P <
      0.05) a significantly higher (P < 0.05) mean occupancy rate of 84% (range 67-94).
      During clozapine treatment, the mean D2 receptor occupancy of 33% (range < 20-49)
      was significantly lower than with olanzapine (P < 0.005). The higher striatal D2
      receptor occupancy of haloperidol was correlated with the incidence and severity
      of extrapyramidal motor side-effects (EPS). No clinical relevant EPS occurred
      during treatment with olanzapine or clozapine. There was no correlation between
      the degree of striatal D2 receptor occupancy and clinical improvement.

PMID- 9952043
TI  - Effect of a tyrosine-free amino acid mixture on regional brain catecholamine
      synthesis and release.
AB  - We report the effects of a tyrosine (and phenylalanine)-free amino acid mixture
      on tyrosine levels, ex vivo catecholamine synthesis and in vivo catecholamine
      release in brain regions of the rat. Administration of a tyrosine-free amino acid
      load reduced tissue levels of tyrosine (-50% after 2 h) in all brain regions
      examined (frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum). The tyrosine-free amino acid
      mixture also reduced DOPA accumulation: this effect was most marked in striatum (
      44%) and nucleus accumbens (-34%), areas with a predominantly dopaminergic
      innervation. Smaller decreases (-20-24%) were detected in other areas (cortex,
      hippocampus and hypothalamus). The effect on DOPA accumulation was prevented by
      supplementing the mixture with tyrosine/phenylalanine. The tyrosine-free amino
      acid mixture did not alter 5-HTP accumulation in any region. In microdialysis
      experiments, the tyrosine-free amino acid mixture did not consistently alter
      striatal extracellular dopamine under basal conditions but markedly, and dose
      dependently, reduced the release of dopamine induced by amphetamine. In contrast,
      the tyrosine-free amino acid mixture did not alter either basal or amphetamine
      evoked release of noradrenaline in hippocampus. Overall, these studies indicate
      that administration of a tyrosine-free amino acid mixture to rats depletes brain
      tyrosine to cause a decrease in regional brain catecholamine synthesis and
      release. Dopaminergic neurones appear to be more vulnerable to tyrosine depletion
      than noradrenergic neurones.

PMID- 9952044
TI  - Involvement of the medial geniculate body in prepulse inhibition of acoustic
      startle.
AB  - Prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle is the normal reduction in startle
      response to an intense auditory stimulus when this stimulus is immediately
      preceded by a weaker prestimulus. Previous studies have shown that several
      neuroanatomical structures and pathways in the brain are involved in the
      modulation of prepulse inhibition. In the present study, the functional
      importance of the medial geniculate body (MG) in the modulation of prepulse
      inhibition was investigated. To this end, in vivo brain microdialysis probes were
      used to infuse drugs locally into the MG of awake, freely moving rats
      simultaneously with startle response and prepulse inhibition measurements in the
      same animals. Intrageniculate infusion of the sodium channel blocker,
      tetrodotoxin, significantly reduced prepulse inhibition without affecting
      baseline startle amplitude. A similar effect was obtained after intrageniculate
      infusion of the GABA(B) receptor agonist, baclofen. In addition, intrageniculate
      infusion of muscimol, an agonist at the GABA(A) receptor complex, reduced
      prepulse inhibition, although this effect was obtained at a higher concentration
      of the drug compared to that of baclofen. These studies suggest that the MG is
      involved in the modulation of prepulse inhibition and that auditory signals
      relayed via the MG may be subjected to inhibitory control at this level,
      involving GABA neurotransmission.

PMID- 9952045
TI  - Differential effects of GABA(A) and GABA(B) agonists on sensitization to the
      locomotor stimulant effects of ethanol in DBA/2 J mice.
AB  - Contemporary theories of drug abuse suggest that behavioral sensitization plays
      an important role in addiction. However, few studies have examined the mechanisms
      underlying behavioral sensitization to ethanol. The present study examined the
      ability of THIP (2, 4, or 8 mg/kg) and baclofen (5.0, 6.25, or 7.5 mg/kg),
      GABA(A) and GABA(B) agonists, respectively, to prevent development of
      sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effects of ethanol (2 g/kg) in DBA/2 J
      mice. Ethanol was administered immediately before four 5-min activity trials
      conducted at 48-h intervals. Administration of ethanol on each of the four trials
      resulted in behavioral sensitization in control groups. While having few effects
      on activity when given alone, both GABA agonists completely blocked the acute
      stimulant response to ethanol on the first trial. Administration of THIP prior to
      ethanol on each trial failed to prevent development of sensitization. In
      contrast, all doses of baclofen blocked sensitization. Assessment of blood
      ethanol levels 15, 50 and 100 min after administration of ethanol indicated that
      baclofen did not change the pharmacokinetics of ethanol. These results indicate
      an important role for GABA(B) receptors, but not GABA(A) receptors, in
      development of sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effects of ethanol.

PMID- 9952046
TI  - Effects of benzodiazepine agonists on punished responding in pigeons and their
      relationship with clinical doses in humans.
AB  - Anxiolytic drugs generally produce anticonflict effects in both pigeons and rats,
      although relatively few anxiolytics have been examined in the pigeon and the
      procedure has not been as completely validated as the rat model. In this study,
      we examined the antipunishment effects of a variety of benzodiazepine agonists in
      pigeons and compared the relationship between their potencies to engender
      anxiolytic-like effects and their clinical doses in humans. In pigeons whose
      responding was maintained under a multiple FR30food:FR30food+shock schedule, the
      benzodiazepine agonists diazepam, flunitrazepam, alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide,
      lorazepam, flurazepam, bromazepam, medazepam, and clorazepate produced dose
      related increases in punished responding, and, with the exception of medazepam,
      decreased unpunished responding at higher doses. Potencies calculated from the
      percentage of pigeons showing significant increases in punished responding ranged
      from 0.081 to 11 mg/kg, and these potencies were invariably lower than those for
      decreases in unpunished responding by factors ranging from 2.2 to more than 14.
      The comparison of relative potencies of benzodiazepine receptor agonists in
      pigeons and humans revealed a high positive correlation (0.90, P<0.005), thus
      demonstrating the predictive validity of this preclinical animal model for
      anxiolytic benzodiazepines. The results agree with previous findings of robust
      anticonflict effects of benzodiazepine receptor agonists and extend further the
      pharmacological characterization to compounds that have not been examined
      previously in pigeons.

PMID- 9952047
TI  - The GABA(A) receptor antagonist picrotoxin attenuates most sleep changes induced
      by progesterone.
AB  - Progesterone has been shown to exert benzodiazepine-like effects on sleep, which
      suggests that they are mediated by an agonistic modulation of GABA(A) receptor
      functioning. To assess the involvement of GABA(A) receptors, we investigated the
      sleep responses to one dose of the GABA(A) antagonist picrotoxin (1.5 mg/kg) and
      progesterone (90 mg/kg), administered IP to eight rats alone and in combination,
      during the first 4 post-injection hours. Compared with vehicle, picrotoxin
      significantly delayed the latency to non-rapid eye movement sleep (non-REMS) and
      thereby decreased all sleep states, but barely affected the EEG activity within
      non-REMS. Progesterone significantly shortened non-REMS latency, increased pre
      REMS, depressed low-frequency EEG activity (< or = 8 Hz) and augmented EEG
      activity in the higher frequencies within non-REMS. Except for the changes in
      high-frequency EEG activity, picrotoxin attenuated all effects of progesterone.
      These findings support the notion that GABA(A) receptors play an important role
      in the sleep effects of progesterone.

PMID- 9952048
TI  - Effect of nociceptin on alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring rats.
AB  - The present study investigated the effect of nociceptin (NC), the endogenous
      ligand of the opioid-like orphan receptor ORL1, on ethanol intake in genetically
      selected Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring (msP) rats. Acute
      intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 250 or 500 ng/rat of NC, just
      before access to 10% ethanol (offered 2 h/day), significantly increased ethanol
      intake. Subchronic (7 days) i.c.v. injection of 500 ng/rat of NC, given just
      before access to 10% ethanol (for 30 min/day), resulted in a progressive decrease
      in ethanol consumption. After the end of NC treatment, rats progressively
      recovered their usual ethanol intake. When NC, 500 or 1000 ng/rat, was tested
      versus the effect of ethanol in the place conditioning paradigm, NC significantly
      reduced the increase in time spent in the ethanol-paired compartment after
      conditioning. This finding suggests that NC reduces the rewarding properties of
      ethanol in msP rats; thus, they may respond to the acute NC administration by
      increasing their ethanol intake in an attempt to achieve the usual reinforcing
      effect of ethanol, whereas subchronic NC treatment may result in extinction of
      ethanol drinking. The results of the present study suggest that the brain NC
      mechanisms may represent an interesting target of pharmacological interventions
      for the treatment of alcoholism.

PMID- 9952049
TI  - Self-efficacy and participation in vigorous physical activity by high school
      students.
AB  - The relationship between physical activity self-efficacy and participation in
      vigorous physical activity by high school students is examined in this article.
      Self-efficacy is hypothesized to be positively related to participation in three
      settings (physical education class, other school-related activities, and outside
      of school). The effects of age, gender, perceived barriers, and actual barriers
      are also examined. The sample consists of 1,041 grade 9 and 11 students from a
      large Metropolitan Toronto school board. Factors derived from a previous (factor)
      analysis were used to examine the effects of self-efficacy, perceived barriers,
      and life strain (an actual barrier). The results of multiple regression analysis
      indicate that physical activity self-efficacy, despite external barriers (but not
      internal barriers), is predictive of physical activity participation in the
      hypothesized direction. Other results show consistent age and gender effects on
      physical activity participation and some support for the hypothesized
      relationship between perceived barriers and participation.

PMID- 9952050
TI  - Changing women: the narrative construction of personal change through community
      health work among women in Mexico.
AB  - A major premise of health education is that people can and do change their lives.
      Personal changes and the events that precipitate them are often told in a form of
      narrative and are accompanied by a new sense of oneself. This research draws on
      the study of narratives and women's community activism to explore processes of
      personal change in women's activism as community health workers in Mexico. The
      research is a case study based on in-depth semistructured interviews. Two major
      categories of narratives of change emerged: change of the self and little or no
      change. Within these categories, changes are defined as development of the self,
      becoming a new and different person, actualization of the self, and little or no
      change. Although women experience significant changes, their changes are based on
      normative female identities. Implications for the study of narratives and
      personal change in health education are discussed.

PMID- 9952051
TI  - Adolescent abstinence and condom use: are we sure we are really teaching what is
      safe?
AB  - This article reviews existing research on condom and abstinence method- and user
      failure rates, and the use of this research in determining sexuality education
      curricula. Latex condoms effectively prevent pregnancies and most sexually
      transmitted diseases or infections (STIs), with method-failure rates between 0.5%
      and 7%, but with user-failure rates between 12% and 70%. Total abstinence
      presumably has a method-failure rate of zero, but research on periodic abstinence
      indicates user-failure rates between 26% and 86%. No researchers have attempted
      to establish total abstinence user-failure rates. Abstinence-only curricula
      evaluations have demonstrated changes in adolescents' attitudes but little change
      in sexual behaviors. Comprehensive sexuality education curricula have
      demonstrated attitudinal changes and delays in adolescents' sexual activity.
      Since inconsistent use of either condoms or abstinence threatens adolescents'
      health, this article urges more scientific research on total abstinence user
      failure rates, better and clearer dissemination of research findings, and
      encourages funders to require educators to show thorough knowledge of research
      findings.

PMID- 9952052
TI  - Self-regulating childhood asthma: a developmental model of family change.
AB  - This article tests a model of self-regulatory development in which families'
      cognitive beliefs and behavioral skills for managing asthma symptoms emerge in
      four successive phases: asthma symptom avoidance, asthma acceptance, asthma
      compliance, and asthma self-regulation. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed
      that the hypothesized multiphase model provided the best factorial fit for phase
      items. Subsequent Guttman analyses of the families' phase scores revealed a high
      degree of sequential ordering. Finally, trend analyses of family phase
      differences revealed a significant negative linear relation with measures of
      asthma severity and a significant positive linear relation with physician care
      and concern measures, asthma regulatory measures, and beliefs in Western
      biomedical practices. Despite receiving primary care for asthma at a major
      metropolitan university hospital, 83% of the sample were classified as
      precompliant. The phase model of asthma self-regulatory development offers a
      qualitative approach for investigating the psychological determinants of asthma
      self-regulatory behavior.

PMID- 9952053
TI  - Exploring self-efficacy as a predictor of disease management.
AB  - Self-efficacy is posited in social cognitive theory as fundamental to behavior
      change. Few health behavior studies have examined self-efficacy prospectively,
      viewed it as part of a reciprocal behavioral process, or compared self-efficacy
      beliefs in the same population across different behaviors. This article first
      discusses self-efficacy in its theoretical context and reviews the available
      prospective studies. Second, it explores self-efficacy as a predictor of disease
      management behaviors in 570 older women with heart disease. Although the R2
      statistics in each case were modest, the construct is shown to be a statistically
      significant (p<.05) predictor at both 4 and 12 months postbaseline of several
      disease management behaviors: using medicine as prescribed, getting adequate
      exercise, managing stress, and following a recommended diet. Building self
      efficacy is likely a reasonable starting point for interventions aiming to
      enhance heart disease management behaviors of mature female patients.

PMID- 9952054
TI  - Staging of dietary patterns among African American women.
AB  - This article describes the development of a behavioral staging algorithm for use
      in the Eat Well, Live Well Nutrition Program, a peer-delivered community-based
      program for African American women (N = 301). The authors examined whether
      increased frequency in performing low-fat eating behaviors and lower percentage
      calories from fat intake resulted as a participant moved through five stages of
      readiness to change each of five low-fat dietary patterns. Frequency of
      performing low-fat dietary behaviors was significantly different (p<.05) between
      four stages for the pattern of avoid fried foods, three stages for modify meats,
      and two stages for the patterns of substitution, avoid fat as seasoning,
      replacement. Percentage calories from fat were significantly different (p<.05)
      between four stages for the pattern of replacement, three stages for avoid fried
      foods and modify meats, and two stages for substitution and avoid fat as
      seasoning. Implications of these findings for the tailoring of community-based
      dietary programs are presented.

PMID- 9952055
TI  - Monitoring the dissemination of an educational protocol on pediatric asthma in
      family practice: a test of associations between dissemination variables.
AB  - Many asthma education programs aim at reducing morbidity. Now that effective
      programs are available, the next step is the nationwide dissemination to achieve
      morbidity reduction. A dissemination of a tested program has been undertaken in
      Dutch primary care, guided by the Diffusion of Innovation theory. It was
      hypothesized that greater awareness and concern and/or receptivity about asthma
      self-management would make it more likely that family physicians would adopt the
      program. Family physicians were considered more likely to adopt the program if
      they saw it as an improvement on their current way of providing education, as
      easy to use, and as having observable outcomes. It was expected that once the
      program had been adopted, and as it was being implemented, it would increasingly
      be perceived by its users as successful. Finally, more perceived success of
      performance was expected to be related to continued use. Both longitudinal and
      cross-sectional data largely confirmed the hypotheses.

PMID- 9952056
TI  - Personal responsibility for health? A review of the arguments and the evidence at
      century's end.
AB  - This article examines the continuing controversies regarding personal versus
      social responsibility for health as they are being played out at the turn of the
      century. Following a brief examination of the contested meaning of "personal
      responsibility for health" in recent historical context, attention is focused on
      the arguments for and against holding the individual to be primarily accountable
      for his or her health behavior. The paper then makes the case for more balanced,
      ecological approaches that stress individual responsibility for health within the
      context of broader social responsibility. The article concludes by briefly
      summarizing the Canadian approach to health promotion as a useful example of what
      such a balanced, ecological approach might look like.

PMID- 9952057
TI  - Trazodone and valproate in patients discontinuing long-term benzodiazepine
      therapy: effects on withdrawal symptoms and taper outcome.
AB  - Recent uncontrolled research suggested that trazodone and sodium valproate may be
      helpful in benzodiazepine (BZ) discontinuation. We therefore undertook a double
      blind study to assess whether trazodone and valproate, as compared to placebo,
      would attenuate withdrawal and facilitate discontinuation in BZ-dependent
      patients with a minimum of 1 year daily BZ use. Seventy-eight patients, taking a
      mean dose of 19+/-17 mg/day of diazepam (or its equivalent), were stabilized for
      several weeks on their BZ (16 diazepam, 25 lorazepam, 37 alprazolam) and then for
      1-2 weeks, pretreated with trazodone, sodium valproate or placebo before being
      tapered at 25% per week. All treatments were continued for 5 weeks post-taper. BZ
      free status was assessed after 5 and 12 weeks post-taper. Neither trazodone nor
      valproate had any significant effect on withdrawal severity. Peak physician
      withdrawal checklist change from baseline to peak severity was 16.4 for
      trazodone, 18.04 sodium valproate and 18.24 placebo (F = 0.10; NS). Taper success
      rates were significantly effected by both active agents at the 5-week, but not 12
      week, assessment. At 5 weeks post-taper, 79% of sodium valproate and 67% of
      trazodone, but only 31% of placebo patients were BZ-free (chi2 = 7.34; df 2;
      P<0.03). Major adverse events for trazodone were sedation and dry mouth, and for
      valproate, diarrhea, nausea and headaches.

PMID- 9952058
TI  - Polymorphisms of the dopamine D4 receptor and response to antipsychotic drugs.
AB  - The dopamine D4 receptor may be a site through which the clinical effects of
      antipsychotic drugs are mediated. Polymorphisms of a 48 base pair repeat in the
      third exon of the DRD4 gene code for different length segments in the third
      intracytoplasmic loop of the D4 receptor. The most common long (seven repeat)
      form of the D4 receptor has been shown in both physiologic and pharmacologic
      experiments to respond differently to dopamine agonists and antagonists than do
      shorter forms of D4. Thus, variants of D4 may partly determine patient response
      to antipsychotic drugs and, in particular, response to typical neuroleptics,
      which have a relatively low affinity for the D4 receptor, as compared to
      clozapine, which has a relatively high affinity for D4. DRD4 polymorphisms in the
      third intron were characterized in 28 patients with chronic psychosis who
      responded well to typical neuroleptics, 32 patients who responded well to
      clozapine, and 57 healthy comparison subjects. Patients responding to typical
      neuroleptics carried the allele for the long (seven repeat) form of the D4
      receptor (allele frequency 8.9%) less frequently than patients responding to
      clozapine (allele frequency 23.4%, P = 0.046) or healthy comparison subjects
      (allele frequency 26.3%, P = 0.004). The results of this study suggest that
      inherited variants of D4 may explain some of the interindividual variation seen
      in patient response to different classes of antipsychotic medication.

PMID- 9952059
TI  - Smoking withdrawal, nicotine dependence and prepulse inhibition of the acoustic
      startle reflex.
AB  - The present study examined the relationship between nicotine dependence as
      measured by the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ) and prepulse inhibition
      (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex measured after overnight smoking withdrawal
      in a non-clinical population of male smokers with no history of psychiatric
      disorders or drug/alcohol abuse. It was found that smokers who scored high
      (>median) on the FTQ showed significantly less PPI as compared to those scoring
      low (<median) on this scale. This finding further supports a role for nicotine in
      modulation of PPI, as has previously been found in rats and also in human beings.

PMID- 9952060
TI  - Electrophysiological indices of acute effects of ethanol on involuntary attention
      shifting.
AB  - Dose-related effects of ethanol (placebo, 0.30, and 0.60 g/kg) on behavioral and
      event-related brain potential (ERP) indices of involuntary attention shifting of
      audition were investigated. ERPs were recorded from 11 healthy social drinkers
      during a forced-choice reaction-time (RT) task. Subjects were presented with 100
      and 200 ms tones (P = 0.50 for each) with a constant inter-stimulus interval
      (ISI) of 1 s. The task was to press either of two buttons, depending on the tone
      duration. The majority of the tones ("standards") were of 700 Hz (P = 0.82).
      Occasionally, however, the frequency of the tones changed, deviating either
      slightly (750 Hz), moderately (900 Hz), or widely (1200 Hz; P = 0.06 for each)
      from the standard frequency. In accordance with previous findings, the task
      irrelevant frequency deviations prolonged the RT. This RT prolongation was
      attenuated by alcohol with the 0.3 g/kg dose, thus suggesting less distraction by
      irrelevant stimulus deviations under the influence of ethanol. Furthermore, the
      P3a, reflecting involuntary attention shifting, was suppressed by alcohol even
      with the 0.3 g/kg dose. These findings demonstrate a detrimental effect of
      alcohol on involuntary attention shifting, evident with doses considerably
      smaller than previously described, and still juridically acceptable in road
      traffic in most countries.

PMID- 9952061
TI  - Effect of central 5-hydroxytryptamine depletion on tolerance of delay of
      reinforcement: evidence from performance in a discrete-trials "time-left"
      procedure.
AB  - This experiment examined the effect of destruction of the ascending 5
      hydroxytryptaminergic (5HTergic) pathways on performance on a new discrete-trials
      version of the "time-left" procedure. Rats received either injections of 5,7
      dihydroxytryptamine into the dorsal and median raphe nuclei or sham lesions. They
      were trained in a discrete trials schedule in which reinforcers were provided for
      responding on either of two levers, A and B. At a random time point, t s after
      the start of each trial, the two levers were inserted into the operant chamber: a
      response on A resulted in the delivery of one food pellet after dA s, whereas a
      response on B resulted in the delivery of two pellets after 84-t s. The value of
      dA was varied between 1 and 12 s in different phases of the experiment. Both
      groups showed an increasing tendency to respond on lever B as a function of time
      within the trial. Logistic functions were fitted to the data from each group, and
      a value of the "indifference point" (T50: the time within the trial at which
      proportional choice of B attained a value of 50%) was derived for each rat. For
      each value of dA, the values of T50 were significantly greater in the lesioned
      rats than in the control rats, reflecting a rightward shift of the logistic
      function in the lesioned group. The levels of 5HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
      were reduced in the brains of the lesioned rats, but the levels of noradrenaline
      and dopamine were not significantly altered. The results provide further evidence
      for the involvement of the ascending 5HTergic pathways in the control of operant
      behaviour by delayed positive reinforcers.

PMID- 9952062
TI  - Memory deficits associated with recreational use of "ecstasy" (MDMA).
AB  - Evidence from both animal, and human, studies suggests that repeated
      administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA: "ecstasy") produces
      lasting decreases in serotonergic activity. Serotonin is believed to play a
      modulatory role in a variety of psychological processes, including learning and
      memory. There are recent reports that polydrug users, who have used ecstasy
      recreationally, exhibit selective impairments in memory. However, these studies
      did not compare ecstasy users with polydrug users who had not taken ecstasy,
      leaving open the possibility that the memory deficits may be associated with a
      history of use of other illicit drugs. The present study used the Rivermead
      Behavioural Memory test to investigate immediate and delayed recall in: 25
      polydrug-users who had taken more than 20 tablets of ecstasy (MDMA group), 22
      participants (polydrug controls) who had never taken ecstasy, but, otherwise has
      personal characteristics (e.g. age, gender, education, height, weight), and
      illicit drug use histories, that were generally not significantly different from
      those of the MDMA group, and 19 participants who had not used illicit drugs but
      who also had similar personal characteristics (non-drug controls). Participants
      in the MDMA group recalled significantly fewer ideas (approximately 75% of the
      number of ideas recalled by participants in either of the other two groups), in
      both immediate and delayed recall conditions. The two illicit drug-using groups
      did differ in their estimated IQ scores and their duration of use of LSD, but
      only the latter proved to be a statistically significant covariate, and the
      difference in recall performance between the MDMA and polydrug controls groups
      remained statistically significant when this variable was treated as a covariate.
      The present findings provide the first evidence that deficits in memory
      performance in recreational ecstasy users are primarily associated with past
      exposure to ecstasy, rather than with the other legal and illicit drugs consumed
      by these individuals, and are consistent with reduced serotonergic modulation of
      mnemonic function as a result of long-term neurotoxic effects of MDMA in humans.

PMID- 9952064
TI  - Choice under concurrent VI schedules: comparison of behavior maintained by
      cocaine or food.
AB  - Previous research has shown that concurrent schedule responding maintained by
      cocaine under short variable-interval (VI) schedules is well described by the
      generalized matching law. That is, drug-maintained behavior was apportioned in
      accordance with relative frequency of reinforcement. The purpose of the present
      experiment was to examine the ability of the generalized matching law to account
      for choice under longer VI schedules of cocaine availability, and to compare
      cocaine-maintained to food-maintained behavior in this regard. One group of
      rhesus monkeys (n = 4) was prepared with indwelling IV catheters and allowed to
      respond under concurrent VI (conc VI) schedules of cocaine delivery (0.025, 0.05
      or 0.1 mg/kg per injection) with an average inter-reinforcer interval (IRI) of 10
      or 30 min. In a second group of monkeys (n = 4), a comparable experiment was
      conducted but with responding maintained by different amounts of food (one, two,
      or four 1-g banana-flavored pellets). For both groups, the same reinforcer
      followed responding on either lever, the only difference between the options
      being the VI schedule, i.e., frequency of reinforcement. The behavior of the
      cocaine-maintained group was well predicted by the generalized matching law.
      While both groups evidenced undermatching of both response and time allocation,
      lever pressing of monkeys whose behavior was maintained by food showed more
      undermatching than that of the cocaine-maintained group. In addition, a
      consistent and unexplained bias in responding toward the right lever developed in
      the food-maintained, but not the cocaine-maintained monkeys. Considering the
      present results with those of previous experiments, it appears that food-, but
      not cocaine-maintained behavior, deviates increasingly from strict matching as
      the IRI is extended. This difference across reinforcers could be due to
      differences between cocaine and food in the mechanisms by which they maintain
      behavior, or a direct effect of cocaine on choice performance.

PMID- 9952063
TI  - Buprenorphine and naloxone combinations: the effects of three dose ratios in
      morphine-stabilized, opiate-dependent volunteers.
AB  - Sublingual buprenorphine is a promising new treatment for opiate dependence, but
      its opioid agonist effects pose a risk for parenteral abuse. A formulation
      combining buprenorphine with the opiate antagonist naloxone could discourage such
      abuse. The effects of three intravenous (IV) buprenorphine and naloxone
      combinations on agonist effects and withdrawal signs and symptoms were examined
      in 12 opiate-dependent subjects. Following stabilization on a daily dose of 60 mg
      morphine intramuscularly, subjects were challenged with IV doses of buprenorphine
      alone (2 mg) or in combination with naloxone in ratios of 2:1, 4:1, and 8:1 (1,
      0.5, or 0.25 mg naloxone), morphine alone (15 mg) or placebo. Buprenorphine alone
      did not precipitate withdrawal and had agonist effects similar to morphine. A
      naloxone dose-dependent increase in opiate withdrawal signs and symptoms and a
      decrease in opioid agonist effects occurred after all drug combinations.
      Buprenorphine with naloxone in ratios of 2:1 and 4:1 produced moderate to high
      increases in global opiate withdrawal, bad drug effect, and sickness. These dose
      ratios also decreased the pleasurable effects and estimated street value of
      buprenorphine, thereby suggesting a low abuse liability. The dose ratio of 8:1
      produced only mild withdrawal symptoms. Dose combinations at 2:1 and 4:1 ratios
      may be useful in treating opiate dependence.

PMID- 9952065
TI  - Effects of transient inactivation of the subthalamic nucleus by local muscimol
      and APV infusions on performance on the five-choice serial reaction time task in
      rats.
AB  - Within the basal ganglia circuitry, recent conceptions of the subthalamic nucleus
      are that it fulfils integrative functions. We have previously shown that
      bilateral excitotoxic lesions of the subthalamic nucleus induce behavioural
      deficits in a five-choice serial reaction time task in the rat, consistent with
      attentional impairments and suggesting important roles of this basal ganglia
      structure in mechanisms of behavioural control. In the present study, we tested
      the effects of (i) blocking its excitatory inputs (originating mainly in the
      cerebral cortex and the parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus) via the NMDA
      receptors and (ii) stimulating its GABA receptors to mimick the influence of its
      inhibitory inputs (mainly from the globus pallidus). Bilateral microinfusions of
      APV (NMDA receptor antagonist) or muscimol (GABA-A receptor agonist) into the
      subthalamic nucleus were administered to rats trained in the same five-choice
      serial reaction time task. Both APV (0.125-0.5 microg) and muscimol (1-3 ng)
      reduced choice accuracy, slowed correct responses and increased omissions and
      perseverative responses. Premature responses tended to increase after APV but
      decrease after muscimol. Increased perseverations at the food magazine occurred
      only after muscimol infusions. These results reproduce many of the effects of
      lesions of the STN and are consistent with an integrative role for this structure
      in pallidal and thalamo-cortical processing.

PMID- 9952066
TI  - Thiopental and midazolam do not seem to impede metabolism of glutamate in brain
      injured patients.
AB  - Increased extracellular glutamate levels are related to glial and neuronal
      damage. Glutamate-mediated toxicity is limited by glial uptake and metabolic
      transformation of glutamate to glutamine and the energetic compounds alanine and
      lactate which are utilized by surrounding neurons. Under in vitro conditions,
      barbiturates have been shown to reduce glutamate uptake and its further
      metabolism, possibly impeding metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons.
      The aims were to investigate if under clinical conditions, the barbiturate
      thiopental reduces important detoxification of glutamate, resulting in lower CSF
      glutamine, alanine and lactate levels as opposed to patients receiving midazolam.
      During long-term administration of thiopental and midazolam, pathologically
      elevated ventricular CSF glutamate levels were associated with significantly
      increased glutamine and alanine levels up to 14 days after trauma. CSF lactate,
      however, remained normal. These data suggest that long-term administration of
      thiopental and midazolam under clinical conditions does not impede enzymatic
      activities responsible for detoxification and metabolism of glutamate.

PMID- 9952067
TI  - Effects of S-8510, a benzodiazepine receptor partial inverse agonist, on event
      related potentials (P300) in monkeys.
AB  - The present study investigated the effects of a novel benzodiazepine inverse
      agonist, S-8510 [2-(3-isoxazolyl)-3, 6, 7, 9-tetrahydroimidazo [4, 5-d] pyrano
      [4,3-b] pyridine monophosphate monohydrate], on the P300 components of the event
      related potential (ERP) in monkeys. Late positive potentials (P300-like
      potentials) from the cortex (Pz) and hippocampus recorded using the auditory
      oddball paradigm in combination with electrical reinforcement can be measured in
      rhesus monkeys. The latency of this P300-like potential recorded from the monkey
      cortex was 330 ms, and the amplitude was 13 microV. It was prolonged in both the
      cortex (Pz) and hippocampus by SC injection of 10 microg/kg scopolamine, a
      muscarinic receptor antagonist. Oral administration of S-8510 (3, 10 mg/kg) had
      no effect on the latency in normal monkeys. However, S-8510 reversed the
      scopolamine-induced prolongation of P300-like potentials on the cortex (Pz) and
      hippocampus. These results show that S-8510 can attenuate the effects induced by
      scopolamine on P300-like potentials associated with cognitive function in
      monkeys, suggesting that S-8510 may be useful as a therapeutic drug in disease
      associated cognitive dysfunctions of the central nervous system.

PMID- 9952068
TI  - Positive allosteric modulators of the GABA(A) receptor: differential interaction
      of benzodiazepines and neuroactive steroids with ethanol.
AB  - Endogenous pregnane steroids, such as allopregnanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha
      pregnan-20-one; 3alpha, 5alpha-P) and pregnanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan
      20-one; 3alpha,5beta-P), allosterically modulate GABA(A) receptor function and
      exhibit behavioral effects similar to benzodiazepines, though acting at a
      distinct recognition site. Inasmuch as some positive allosteric modulators of
      GABA(A) receptor function exhibit profound interactions with ethanol, the effects
      of 3alpha,5alpha-P and 3alpha,5beta-P were compared to those of two
      benzodiazepines, triazolam and diazepam, on the motor function of mice and rats
      when administered either alone or in combination with ethanol. All four test
      compounds exhibited dose-related impairment of motor function in the horizontal
      wire task in mice and the rotorod task in rats. Ethanol caused a marked
      enhancement of triazolamand diazepam-induced motor impairment. In contrast,
      ethanol enhanced to a lesser extent the motor impairment induced by both
      neurosteroids in mice and not at all in rats. All four compounds increased
      ethanol-induced behavioral sleep time in mice, although the benzodiazepines did
      so at a much smaller fraction of their ataxic doses as compared to the
      neurosteroids. As one of the undesired side-effects of therapeutic use of
      benzodiazepines is their interaction with ethanol, development of neuroactive
      steroids as drugs may offer therapeutic advantages.

PMID- 9952069
TI  - Short- and long-term heterologous sensitization of adenylate cyclase by D4
      dopamine receptors.
AB  - The D4 dopamine receptor, a member of the D2-like dopamine receptor family, may
      be important in the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia. The present study
      was designed to examine the effects of dopamine agonist exposure on adenylate
      cyclase activity in HEK293 cells stably expressing recombinant-D4 receptors. Two
      hour pretreatment with dopamine receptor agonists resulted in heterologous
      sensitization of forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in intact cells
      expressing the D4.2, D4.4, or D4.7 dopamine receptor variant. The potency and
      efficacy of dopamine for sensitization of cyclic AMP accumulation was comparable
      at all D4 receptor variants. D4 dopamine receptor-mediated sensitization was
      blocked by the D4 antagonist, clozapine, and prevented by overnight pretreatment
      with pertussis toxin, implying a role for Gi/Go proteins in heterologous
      sensitization. Further, long-term (18 h) agonist exposure resulted in a greater
      degree of sensitization of forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in both
      intact cells and membrane preparations of cells expressing the D4 receptor,
      compared to 2 h agonist exposure, without altering the density of the receptors.
      In addition, long-term agonist exposure decreased the abundance of Gialpha
      without altering the abundance of Gsalpha, whereas short-term agonist treatment
      had no effect on the immunoreactivity of either G protein. In summary, long-term
      agonist-induced sensitization of adenylate cyclase by the D4 receptor may involve
      mechanisms that do not contribute to short-term sensitization.

PMID- 9952070
TI  - Oxytocin modulates psychotomimetic-induced deficits in sensorimotor gating.
AB  - Oxytocin plays an important role in the regulation of normal cognitive functions
      and behaviors, which are disturbed in schizophrenia. Several studies suggest that
      oxytocinergic function is abnormal in schizophrenia patients. Thus, oxytocin may
      be involved in the pathophysiology associated with this disorder. This study
      investigated the regulatory effects of oxytocin on deficits in prepulse
      inhibition (PPI) associated with schizophrenia. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is an
      operational measure of sensorimotor gating which can be measured across many
      species. PPI is the normal suppression of the startle reflex when the intense
      startling stimulus ("pulse") is immediately preceded by a weaker stimulus
      ("prepulse"). Subcutaneously administered oxytocin (0.04-1.0 mg/kg) dose
      dependently restored PPI that had been reduced in rats by dizocilpine, a non
      competitive NMDA antagonist, and by amphetamine, an indirect dopamine agonist.
      Oxytocin did not produce a significant effect on baseline PPI or PPI decreased by
      the direct dopamine agonist, apomorphine. The underlying startle response
      amplitude was also not significantly altered by oxytocin. These results suggest
      that oxytocin may play an important role in the modulation of dopaminergic and
      glutamatergic regulation of PPI, and that it may act as a novel endogenous
      antipsychotic.

PMID- 9952071
TI  - Withdrawal following repeated exposure to d-amphetamine decreases responding for
      a sucrose solution as measured by a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement.
AB  - Numerous studies have shown that withdrawal from sustained high doses of
      psychostimulant drugs such as cocaine or d-amphetamine produces depressive-like
      symptoms in both rats and humans. The majority of experiments with rodents have
      assessed the effects of amphetamine withdrawal on reinforcing electrical self
      stimulation in different brain regions, but relatively few have examined effects
      on responding for natural reinforcers. In the present study, two groups of mildly
      food and water deprived male rats were trained to respond on a lever for a 4%
      sucrose solution under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. One group
      was subsequently administered a 4-day regimen of injections of increasing doses
      of d-amphetamine based on a schedule shown previously to reduce self-stimulation
      behaviour. Break points were significantly reduced for up to 4 days after the
      termination of drug administration, suggesting a decreased motivation to obtain
      the natural reward. A further experiment demonstrated that the identical drug
      regimen produced no effect upon consumption of the 4% sucrose solution when it
      was freely available. These results demonstrate that the progressive ratio
      procedure may be a useful technique for evaluating changes in motivation for
      natural reinforcing stimuli following withdrawal from psychostimulant drugs.

PMID- 9952072
TI  - Characterization of the sigma ligand panamesine, a potential antipsychotic, by
      immune response in patients with schizophrenia and by sleep-EEG changes in normal
      controls.
AB  - Panamesine (PAN) is a nearly specific sigma ligand. Recently, we showed that PAN
      in doses up to 90 mg/day improved psychometric variables in patients with an
      acute episode of schizophrenia. No side effects connected to the extrapyramidal
      motoric system occurred; there was even an absence of daytime sedation. We
      investigated the effects of PAN on plasma cytokine and soluble cytokine receptor
      levels and blood cell counts during 4 weeks in ten patients out of the previous
      study sample. Under PAN treatment, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble TNF
      receptors p55 and p75, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels were not
      increased and neither were monocyte and lymphocyte counts affected. This absence
      of immunomodulation is in contrast to clozapine, but similar to haloperidol
      treatment. In a second study, a single dose of PAN (30 mg) or placebo was
      administered at 2200 hours to ten young male controls in order to investigate
      changes in the sleep EEG under the substance. Sleep efficiency index increased,
      whereas time spent awake decreased. No significant changes in rapid eye movement
      (REM) sleep or non-REM parameters occurred. The sleep-EEG investigation showed
      sleep-consolidating effects of the drug, comparable to those of classical
      neuroleptics. Our results support the hypothesis that the sigma ligand PAN, which
      has antipsychotic properties, shares biological aspects with haloperidol.

PMID- 9952073
TI  - Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for fluorocarbon elimination after
      the administration of an octafluoropropane-albumin microsphere sonographic
      contrast agent.
AB  - A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed to evaluate the
      kinetics of one of the newest sonographic contrast agents available, FS069 or
      Optison. This material consists of octafluoropropane gas encapsulated in
      proteinaceous microspheres, injected intravenously for use as a myocardial
      contrast agent in humans. This model has six compartments: two lung compartments
      (alveolar and dead volume), and compartments for the heart, slowly perfused
      tissue, richly perfused tissue, and gastrointestinal tract. The model was
      developed to determine the distribution and excretion of the octafluoropropane in
      the body. Despite the high affinity of octafluoropropane for tissue, the model
      predicted that nearly 100% of the material would be exhaled from the lungs within
      6 min. The model verified the results of a phase I clinical trial with 10 healthy
      subjects. Ventilation rate was found to play a critical role in the complete
      excretion of this contrast agent. The physiologically based pharmacokinetic model
      was a useful tool for evaluating the safety of FS069. This model can be used a
      basis for developing similar models for other types of contrast agents.

PMID- 9952074
TI  - Cesarean section scar as a cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding: diagnosis by
      sonohysterography.
AB  - A previously undescribed cause of abnormal uterine bleeding is presented. Nine of
      310 women evaluated by sonohysterography for abnormal bleeding demonstrated an 8
      to 17 mm gap in the anterior lower uterine segment myometrium at the site of
      prior cesarean deliveries. All women were premenopausal and had a history of 2 to
      12 days of postmenstrual spotting. Presumably a lack of coordinated muscular
      contractions occurs around the cesarean scar, allowing the defect to collect
      menstrual debris. Subsequently, the debris leaches out through the cervix for
      several days after the majority of menstrual flow has ceased.

PMID- 9952075
TI  - Transitional cell carcinoma obstructing a calyceal diverticulum: unusual
      presentation as a peripheral cystic mass.

PMID- 9952076
TI  - Metastasis to the appendix: sonographic appearance and review of the literature.

PMID- 9952077
TI  - Effects of nonlinear ultrasound propagation on output display indices.

PMID- 9952078
TI  - Effects on nonlinearity on the estimation of in situ values of acoustic output
      parameters.
AB  - Water can generate extreme waveform distortion compared to tissue, as indicated
      by the Goldberg number for water, which is 20 times larger than that of tissue at
      typical diagnostic ultrasound levels. This result was demonstrated by using tofu
      as a tissue mimicking material. By adjusting transducer voltage drive levels in
      water to match the peak rarefactional pressures in water to those of waveforms in
      tofu, a close correspondence was obtained for the peak compressional pressure and
      time average intensity with depth. A poorer correspondence was found by comparing
      tofu waveforms with water waveforms that were compensated for broadband
      attenuation and driven at the same voltage level as tofu. A simplified broadband
      derating factor, allowing for band-width adjustment, was shown to be more
      accurate than the standard monochromatic derating. Several new indicators for
      quantifying the degree of observed nonlinearity are suggested: a field based
      nonlinearity parameter, a peak pressure ratio pc/pr, and a second harmonic to
      fundamental frequency spectral ratio. These indicators may have the potential for
      more consistent characterization of nonlinear relationships among output
      parameters and drive levels.

PMID- 9952079
TI  - Estimating in situ exposure in the presence of acoustic nonlinearity.
AB  - Evidence is presented for excess attenuation of pulsed ultrasound due to finite
      amplitude effects in water. Measurements on a modern scanner are used to
      demonstrate that linear derating can underestimate many exposure quantities,
      including all safety indices apart from the cranial thermal index. More
      appropriate methods for estimating in situ exposure are reviewed. A preferred
      procedure that requires exposure measurements to be made in water under "small
      signal" conditions is selected. A spectral index is defined that is proposed as
      an indicator of finite amplitude effects, where spectral index = 0.1 defines the
      threshold between nonlinear and quasi-linear conditions.

PMID- 9952080
TI  - Acoustic measurements in a tissue mimicking liquid.
AB  - A liquid has been developed that mimics soft tissue in terms of propagation
      speed, attenuation, and nonlinearity parameter B/A. Since the slope of the
      attenuation coefficient is nearly constant up to at least 18 MHz and the value
      can be anywhere in the range 0.1 through 0.7 dB/(cm MHz), the material is ideal
      for assessing the effectiveness of attenuation derating of output acoustic
      intensities and pressures measured in water. A clinical ultrasound system was
      used to transmit into the tissue mimicking liquid. The pulse intensity integral
      and rarefactional pressure at various field locations in the tissue mimicking
      liquid were computed and compared to the corresponding values measured in water
      with attenuation derating applied. The slope of the attenuation coefficient in
      the tissue mimicking liquid was used for the derating. From this data it is seen
      that the present practice of modeling in vivo exposure using linearly derated
      measurements made in water is not always conservative.

PMID- 9952081
TI  - Computing the mechanical index.
AB  - A computational nonlinear beam propagation model was used to compute the water
      path and in situ fields of a phased array transducer operating at 2 MHz. The
      computational source was matched to the transducer's z = 10 cm focal plane field.
      Subsequent computed propagations considered this source operating at source
      amplitudes up to 1.49 MPa in a water medium and in a tissue medium with an
      attenuation of 0.3 dB cm(-1) MHz(-1). The mechanical index was calculated in
      three ways based on these computations: extrapolated from one low amplitude water
      path propagation, extrapolated from a series of water path propagations using the
      existing Output Display Standard protocol, and directly from a series of tissue
      path propagations. These computed results suggest that extrapolation from derated
      measurements of a low level water path field can provide mechanical index
      estimates which progressively overestimate the in situ values. At the highest
      source amplitude considered, the linearly extrapolated mechanical index was 29%
      higher than the mechanical index computed by the tissue path propagations. The
      Output Display Standard protocol offered improved accuracy but consistently
      underestimated the in situ values. The maximum error for the Output Display
      Standard protocol was 8%. A variation of the Output Display Standard protocol in
      which mechanical index estimates were obtained from the on-axis spatial peak in
      the derated temporal peak rarefactional curve was also considered. The maximum
      error for this method was 3%. The results considered here also demonstrated the
      feasibility of computational investigations of high intensity clinical
      propagations.

PMID- 9952082
TI  - Nonlinear propagation and the output indices.
AB  - By ignoring the effects of nonlinear propagation, current exposimetry protocols
      may yield significant underestimates of the acoustic pressure in situ. This
      problem can be avoided simply by (1) extrapolating pressures linearly from low
      amplitude measurements in water and (2) linearly derating these values to obtain
      estimates of fields in situ. The mechanical index was designed to provide an
      indication of temporal peak acoustic fields for use in prediction of nonthermal
      biological effects in tissues. At low outputs, the mechanical index, together
      with the frequency, gives the peak negative pressure near the focus of the field.
      As currently formulated, however, the pressure used in the mechanical index may
      be far from the focus at high output levels. Recommendations of the World
      Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology avoid the underestimate
      associated with nonlinear propagation as well as other problems with the
      mechanical index and may be preferable in dealing with non-thermal bioeffects.
      The thermal indices that are implemented currently in the Output Display Standard
      (American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine/National Electrical Manufacturers'
      Association) are affected less seriously by nonlinear propagation.

PMID- 9952083
TI  - Experimental test of harmonic contribution to the thermal index for soft tissue.
AB  - Experimental data were gathered for the heating effect of an ultrasound beam
      propagating in water and incident on a thermal test object containing artificial
      tissue in which a fine-wire thermocouple was embedded close to the beam entrance.
      The extent of temperature elevations in the artificial tissue was limited by
      using a constant low value for spatial peak temporal average ultrasound intensity
      so that the medium did not denature. The adjusted (for continuous wave
      conditions) maximum temperatures reached in a fixed exposure time initially
      increased linearly with increase in the spatial peak pulse average ultrasound
      intensity, but, for the higher values of this parameter, exceeded that expected
      from a linear relationship. In addition to the fundamental frequency, significant
      higher frequencies were present in the beam at high intensities, which caused
      additional enhancement of the ultrasound heating. Calculations of W(DEG) for
      evaluation of the thermal index should include the evaluation of the heating
      contributions from all frequencies present in the beam.

PMID- 9952084
TI  - Do ultrasonic contrasts agents artificially increase maximum Doppler shift?

PMID- 9952085
TI  - Study of fetal echogenic bowel (FEB) and its implications.

PMID- 9952086
TI  - Regional anesthesia training: do we have the confidence to go on?

PMID- 9952087
TI  - Lumbar epidural steroid injections: is a clinical trial necessary or appropriate?

PMID- 9952088
TI  - Low-molecular weight heparin, spinal hematomas, and the FDA: what's wrong with
      this picture?

PMID- 9952089
TI  - A survey of exposure to regional anesthesia techniques in American anesthesia
      residency training programs.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The American Board of Anesthesiologists and the
      Residency Review Committee for Anesthesiology do not keep records regarding the
      individual resident's cumulative exposure to specific peripheral nerve block
      techniques. Further, little is known about individual trainee confidence in
      performing regional anesthetic blocks. To improve training and anesthesia
      practice, such information is necessary. In this nationwide survey, we assessed
      residents' perceived cumulative regional anesthesia experience and their
      confidence level. METHODS: A survey was distributed to 42 U.S. residency programs
      in 22 states. Information collected included the resident's clinical anesthesia
      (CA) training level, estimated number of regional anesthetics performed, and the
      resident's confidence level in performing these techniques. Confidence was graded
      on a 3-point scale, as being very confident (1.0), somewhat confident (2.0), or
      not confident (3.0). We analyzed the estimated cumulative number and type of
      blocks performed in relation to training level and confidence level; differences
      were considered significant when P< .001. RESULTS: The response rate was 67.2%
      (736/1,096); 32% (n = 232) of responders were CA-3 residents. At all training
      levels, the number of blocks performed varied widely according to type of block,
      with spinal and epidural blocks being performed most often at all training levels
      and sciatic, retrobulbar, and femoral blocks being performed least (median = 0
      each for CA-1, CA-2, and CA-3 residents). Confidence was high with frequently
      performed blocks (spinal and lumbar epidural) and low for those performed less
      than 10 times per resident. The CA-3 residents reported a cumulative experience
      with a median (interquartile range) of 100 (50-100) spinal anesthetics and 150
      (100-200) lumbar epidural blocks with all residents being very confident. The CA
      3 residents completed a median of 20 (10-30) axillary blocks but a median of less
      than 10 for each of these techniques: intravenous regional anesthesia, ankle,
      interscalene, femoral, sciatic, and retrobulbar. For interscalene block, 51% of
      CA-3 residents were not confident; for femoral, 62%; for sciatic, 75%; and for
      retrobulbar block, 91%, were not confident. CONCLUSIONS: Most CA-3 residents are
      confident in performing lumbar epidural and spinal anesthesia. However, many are
      not confident in performing the blocks with which they have the least exposure.
      Changes need to be made in the training processes so that residents can graduate
      with enough confidence to continue selecting less familiar blocks in postgraduate
      practice.

PMID- 9952090
TI  - Determination of epidural catheter placement using nerve stimulation in obstetric
      patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Peripheral nerve and spinal cord stimulation
      techniques have been used for many years. However, electrical stimulation methods
      rarely have been used to confirm epidural catheter placement. This study examines
      the practicality of this technique to confirm epidural catheter placement in
      obstetric patients. METHODS: Thirty-nine obstetric patients in labor were
      studied. An electrocardiography (ECG) adapter (Arrow-Johans) was attached to the
      proximal end of the epidural catheter (19-gauge Arrow Flextip plus). Then, the
      lowest milliamperage (1-10 mA) necessary to produce a motor response (truncal or
      limb movement) was applied using this setup. A positive motor response indicated
      that the catheter was in the epidural space. This test was performed initially
      after catheter insertion and repeatedly after incremental local anesthetic doses.
      RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of the new test was 100% and 100%,
      respectively, with 38 true positive tests and 1 true negative test. The threshold
      current required to produce a positive test increased after incremental doses of
      local anesthetic. A case of intravascular epidural catheter migration was
      detected using this new test. In this case, the patient's increased threshold
      milliamperage returned to the baseline value within 1 hour, despite having
      received local anesthetic. Intravascular epidural catheter migration was
      subsequently confirmed by a positive epinephrine test dose. Thus, this test
      appears to be a potentially useful method to detect intravascular catheter
      placement. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that this test may have a role in
      improving the success rate of epidural anesthesia.

PMID- 9952091
TI  - Effect of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and bacterial toxins on meningeal
      permeability in vitro.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epidural catheterization is associated with a
      significant bacterial colonization rate and occasionally frank infection. During
      epidural space infection, decreased analgesia despite increased epidural opioid
      doses has been described. One possible explanation for this observation is that
      bacterial infection decreases meningeal permeability. The purpose of the study
      was to determine whether Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, the most common organism
      causing epidural space infection, or S. aureus toxins alter meningeal
      permeability. METHODS: Spinal meninges of M. nemestrina monkeys were mounted in a
      previously established in vitro diffusion cell model and exposed to S. aureus
      toxins A, B, and F. Simultaneous transmeningeal fluxes of mannitol and sufentanil
      were measured before and after toxin exposure and compared to controls. In a
      second series of experiments, diffusion cells were inoculated with live S. aureus
      bacteria in suspension and the permeability of sufentanil was investigated.
      RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus toxin-A increased the transmeningeal flux of
      mannitol but not sufentanil. Toxins B and F did not alter the meningeal
      permeability of either drug. Inoculation with live S. aureus bacteria increased
      the transmeningeal flux of sufentanil by 115+/-21% (P = .032). CONCLUSIONS: These
      data demonstrate that S. aureus alpha-toxin and live S. aureus bacteria can
      increase meningeal permeability. Thus, clinical observations of decreased
      epidural analgesia in the face of bacterial infection cannot be explained by
      decreased meningeal permeability.

PMID- 9952092
TI  - Lymphocyte activation is attenuated by stellate ganglion block.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Clinical evidence suggests that stellate ganglion
      block (SGB) might modulate the immune system. Little is known, however, about the
      immunologic effects of SGB. We examined how SGB affected immune functions by
      analyzing the activation response of lymphocytes during SGB. METHODS: Twenty-four
      volunteers were randomly subdivided into three groups. The SGB group (SGB; n = 9)
      received 6 mL 1% lidocaine at the sixth cervical vertebra (C6) transverse process
      and showed Horner's sign and elevation of ipsilateral facial and upper limb
      temperature. The lidocaine group (n = 7) had 6 mL 1% lidocaine injected into
      subcutaneous tissue at the neck and showed no remarkable clinical effects. The
      saline group (placebo; n = 8) received 6 mL saline solution injected at
      approximately the C6 transverse process and showed no remarkable clinical
      effects. Peripheral blood samples were drawn before and 30 minutes after drug
      administration. Samples were incubated for 4 hours under the stimulation of
      mitogen. Using flow cytometry, we measured the de novo expression of CD69, which
      is one of the initial markers of lymphocyte activation and which reflects the
      cell activation process. The changes in pre- and post-values were calculated and
      compared among the three groups. RESULTS: In only the SGB group, the helper T
      cell activation was significantly reduced, and the cytotoxic T-cell activation
      also tended to decrease after SGB. CONCLUSIONS: SGB may depress immune system
      activity for a short time, as reflected in the T-cell activation response.

PMID- 9952093
TI  - The effects of arm position on central spread of local anesthetics and on quality
      of the block with axillary brachial plexus block.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Spread of local anesthetic solution in axillary
      brachial plexus block is thought to be influenced by the position of the arm and
      the use of compression maneuvers. We investigated how these two factors affected
      central local anesthetic spread and block quality. METHODS: Radiographic spread
      of local anesthetic was studied in 80 adult patients. They received mepivacaine
      mixed with contrast agent through an indwelling catheter with the arm abducted to
      either 0 or 90 degrees , and with or without local digital compression. Central
      and peripheral spread of the contrast agent was evaluated with anteroposterior
      radiographs of the axilla. Block quality was studied in a separate series of 70
      adult patients. They received mepivacaine with the arm abducted 0 degrees or 90
      degrees . The degree of sensory and motor block was assessed 20 minutes after the
      injection. RESULTS: Arm position at 0 degrees abduction promoted central spread
      of the contrast agent. Although digital compression suppressed peripheral spread
      effectively, it did not improve the central spread of the solution. Sensory block
      was comparable in all terminal nerves of the arm in both arm positions, whereas
      motor block of the radial nerve was promoted with no abduction. CONCLUSIONS: The
      central spread of local anesthetics is facilitated by injection without abduction
      of the arm but not by the use of compression at the injection site. This,
      however, did not alter the quality of the block.

PMID- 9952094
TI  - The PENCAN 25-gauge needle: a new pencil-point needle for spinal anesthesia
      tested in 1,193 patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The PENCAN 25-gauge spinal needle is a new pencil
      point needle with an inner diameter of 0.32 mm resulting in a relatively high
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. The PENCAN 25-gauge needle was tested for ease of
      identification of a successful dural puncture, the failure rate of spinal
      anesthesia, and the incidence of postdural puncture headache (PDPH). METHODS: In
      a multicenter trial, the needle was tested in patients undergoing spinal
      anesthesia. A questionnaire evaluated the characteristics of the dural puncture.
      A second questionnaire was used to assess postspinal side effects (PDPH, atypical
      headache, audiovisual disturbances). RESULTS: In 1,193 patients, dural puncture
      was evaluated as easy in 85.2%, as moderate in 6.2%, as difficult in 6.7%, and as
      impossible in 1.9%. Needle performance was assessed as excellent or satisfactory
      in 96.9%. In 95.9% of patients, CSF appeared within 2 seconds. A perceptible
      "click" was noticed in 78.4% of patients. In 1.9%, CSF could not be obtained,
      because of spine deformities, obesity, or bending of the needle. In 1,166
      patients, postpuncture complaints were evaluated, involving 635 women (54.5%),
      773 patients (66.3%) under the age of 50 years old, and 170 (14.6%) cesarean
      deliveries. The overall incidence of PDPH was 1.3% (n = 15). A bloodpatch was
      needed in five patients. After cesarean delivery the incidence of PDPH was 3.4%,
      all responding to conservative treatment. Atypical headache and isolated
      audiovisual disturbances occurred in 7.5% and 1.5% of patients, respectively.
      CONCLUSIONS: A failure rate of 1.9% together with a 1.3% incidence of PDPH were
      comparable to other 25-gauge pencil-point needles. The rapid appearance of CSF
      and a perceptible "click" made prompt recognition of successful dural puncture
      possible.

PMID- 9952095
TI  - Intravenous administration of caffeine sodium benzoate for postdural puncture
      headache.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of
      prophylactic administration of intravenous caffeine sodium benzoate for postdural
      puncture headaches (PDPH) on patients administered spinal anesthesia. METHODS:
      Sixty ASA I and II patients undergoing lower abdominal or lower extremity surgery
      were included in this study. Patients were randomized by double-blind, placebo
      controlled design to receive either 1,000 mL normal saline with 500 mg caffeine
      sodium benzoate (group C) or 1,000 mL normal saline (group S) during the first 90
      minutes after spinal anesthesia administration. The patient's electrocardiogram,
      non-invasive blood pressure, and pulse oximetry were monitored and recorded. The
      patients' headaches were evaluated by using the visual analog scale (VAS). At the
      end of the fifth day, the severity of the headache was classified as follows: no
      headache = 0; mild headache = 1; moderate headache = 2; severe headache = 3.
      Analgesic requirements were recorded for 5 days. RESULTS: Visual analog scale
      scores were significantly lower in group C than in group S. The incidence of
      moderate and severe headache was significantly higher in group S (11 patients)
      when compared with group C (3 patients). Analgesic demand was significantly lower
      in group C than in group S for 4 days. CONCLUSION: Intravenous caffeine sodium
      benzoate administration during spinal anesthesia is a simple and safe way to
      minimize PDPH.

PMID- 9952096
TI  - The incidence of transient radicular irritation after spinal anesthesia in
      obstetric patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Transient radicular irritation (TRI) has been
      described after spinal anesthesia, particularly with 5% hyperbaric spinal
      lidocaine. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of TRI in
      obstetric patients. METHODS: All obstetric patients undergoing spinal anesthesia
      during a 9-month period were enrolled in the study (n = 303). Details of the
      anesthetic technique were recorded at the time of anesthesia. A blinded
      anesthesia nurse contacted each patient on postoperative day 2 and asked about
      symptoms of TRI. RESULTS: Most patients received either intrathecal hyperbaric
      bupivacaine 0.75 % (n = 232) or lidocaine 5 % (n = 67) through pencil-point
      needles. Cerebrospinal fluid was used to dilute the spinal lidocaine in 63% of
      patients. Patients receiving bupivacaine were more often in the supine position,
      underwent significantly longer procedures, and more often received intrathecal
      opioid. The incidence of TRI after lidocaine spinal anesthesia was 0% (95%
      confidence interval 0-4.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of TRI after spinal
      lidocaine anesthesia in the obstetric population is low.

PMID- 9952097
TI  - Spinal mechanisms of acute and persistent pain.
AB  - Although there is considerable information about the mechanisms through which
      injury stimuli produce acute pain, recent studies indicate that there are
      significant long-term consequences of persistent injury. Pain is exacerbated, in
      part, because of a reorganization of spinal cord circuitry in the setting of
      persistent injury. This review describes our studies of the contribution of the
      primary afferent neurotransmitter, substance P (SP), to these changes. By
      following internalization of the SP receptor in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons,
      we have identified the stimuli that evoke SP release and the neurons that respond
      to these stimuli. Importantly, based on the intensities of stimuli required to
      evoke internalization, we conclude that SP is only released under conditions in
      which severe pain would be produced, that the release can be evoked by intense
      stimulation of somatic and visceral tissue, and that multiple stimulus modalities
      are effective. We also found that the numbers of neurons that are influenced
      increases dramatically in the setting of inflammation. Using a knockout strategy,
      we have also raised mice with a deletion of the preprotachykinin-A (PPT-A) gene,
      which encodes for SP and neurokinin A (NKA), and have identified a specific
      behavioral phenotype in which the animals do not detect a window of "pain"
      intensities; this window cuts across stimulus modalities. These results provide
      an important behavioral correlate of the receptor internalization studies. On the
      other hand, the allodynia (lowered pain threshold) that occurs in the setting of
      injury was not altered in these animals. Among the factors that could underlie
      injury-induced allodynia are the second messenger systems that are activated in
      dorsal horn neurons. Our studies have recently implicated the gamma isoform of
      protein kinase C (PKCgamma) in the development of nerve injury-induced
      neuropathic pain. Specifically, we found that although acute pain responses of
      mice with a deletion of PKCgamma are not altered, partial injury to the sciatic
      nerve (which induces a severe thermal and mechanical allodynia in the wild type
      mouse) is without effect in the knockout. Furthermore, the
      anatomical/neurochemical reorganization that typically follows sciatic nerve
      section does not occur in the PKCgamma mutant mice. Because the spinal cord
      distribution of interneurons that express PKCgamma is concentrated almost
      exclusively in the inner part of lamina II, we believe that changes in the
      properties of these neurons are key to the development of nerve injury-induced
      neuropathic pain conditions. Taken together, these studies emphasize that
      persistent pain should be considered a disease state of the nervous system, not
      merely a symptom of some other disease conditions. In the setting of persistent
      injury, the nervous system undergoes dramatic changes that exacerbate and prolong
      the pain condition. Our studies underscore the importance of preventing the long
      term changes that result from persistent injury.

PMID- 9952098
TI  - 10 years of acute pain services--achievements and challenges.
AB  - Despite unprecedented interest in understanding pain mechanisms and pain
      management, a significant number of patients continue to experience unacceptable
      pain after surgery. Recent surveys show that there has been no apparent
      improvement since an early study in 1952 (15). It is increasingly clear that the
      solution to the problems of postoperative pain management lies not so much in the
      development of new techniques but in developing an organization to exploit
      existing expertise. The most obvious components of an acute pain team include
      anesthesiologists, surgeons, nurses, and physiotherapists. Protocols encourage
      consistent standards of safe and effective care and should be used as a framework
      to individualize treatment. The concept of skilled pain therapists collaborating
      to provide improved postoperative analgesia within the framework of an organized
      APS appears to be universally applicable. Acute pain service models have been
      described from the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Switzerland, and
      Sweden. The U.S. model, which consists of anesthesiologist-based comprehensive
      pain management teams, is quite effective but is more expensive, and it is not
      transferable to Europe. A recent United Kingdom survey showed that there is a
      large degree of variation in what is thought to constitute an APS in the U.K.
      (16). A nurse-based anesthesiologist-supervised APS in which pain is evaluated in
      every patient who undergoes surgery has been developed in Sweden. Pain above 3 on
      the 10-grade VAS is promptly treated. Clearly, neither the anesthesiologist nor
      the APN guarantees good pain management on wards. In this low-cost model, the
      role of the anesthesiologist is to teach and train ward nurses, to supervise the
      APN, and to select patients for special pain therapies such as epidural, PCA, and
      peripheral nerve blocks. All senior anesthesiologists (section chiefs) working in
      the operating room are part of this APS. The means of providing satisfactory
      analgesia are already present in most hospitals. Careful planning and a
      multidisciplinary approach to pain management will ensure that resources are
      optimally utilized, and the quality of pain management is consistently
      maintained.

PMID- 9952099
TI  - Neuraxial techniques for cancer pain: an opinion about unresolved therapeutic
      dilemmas.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epidural and intrathecal techniques are well
      established for minimizing cancer pain. However, several issues remain
      unresolved. METHODS: A review of studies published in the last 10 years regarding
      neuraxial techniques in cancer pain management was made. The following issues
      were assessed: appropriate indications; techniques and delivery systems;
      conversion from systemic to spinal administration; route and modes of
      administration; choice of opioids, analgesic response and adverse effects of
      opioids; use of local anesthetics; use of adjuvants; technical complications; and
      possible problems only recognized at home. RESULTS: Indications for the use of
      neuraxial opioids include patients treated with systemic opioids who received
      effective pain relief but with unacceptable side effects or unsuccessful
      treatment despite escalating doses with sequential, strong opioid drug trials.
      The choice of exteriorized or implanted delivery systems is based on different
      clinical considerations. The use of externalized, tunnelled intrathecal catheters
      has not been proven to be associated with higher rates of complications, and they
      may be easier to place and use at home in debilitated patients late in the course
      of their disease. Intrathecal administration has a lower incidence of catheter
      occlusion, lower malfunction rate, lower dose and volume requirements, and more
      effective pain control. Advantages of continuous infusion techniques are more
      evident when using local anesthetics, because intermittent administration of
      bupivacaine often results in motor paralysis and hemodynamic instability.
      Morphine appears to be the opioid of choice, and an epidural dose of 10% of the
      systemic dose is often used. Bupivacaine-induced adverse effects have been
      reported infrequently with bupivacaine doses less than 30-60 mg/d. Adjuvant
      drugs, such as clonidine and neostigmine, may further improve analgesia. Varied
      ranges of technical complication rates have been reported in the literature, with
      most being associated with epidural catheters. CONCLUSIONS: A subcutaneous
      tunnelling and fixation of the catheter, bacterial filters, minimum changes of
      tubings, weekly exit site care, site protection, and monitoring for any signs of
      infection are suggested for advanced cancer patients. Areas still needing
      clarification include the optimum use of spinal adjuvants, the appropriate spinal
      morphine-bupivacaine ratio, methods to improve spinal opioid responsiveness, and
      long-term catheter management during home-care programs.

PMID- 9952100
TI  - Viscosupplementation: a new concept in the treatment of sacroiliac joint
      syndrome: a preliminary report of four cases.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We describe a new therapeutic modality for sacroiliac
      joint syndrome that represents an alternative to other treatment modalities. We
      report on four cases of sacroiliac joint syndrome with severe pain. METHODS:
      Three patients had undergone operative treatment of the lumbar spine and one
      patient suffered from severe osteoarthritis of the spine. All patients were
      diagnosed with sacroiliac joint syndrome by means of patient history, physical
      examination, and intra-articular local anesthetic injection preceded by
      sacroiliac arthrogram. All patients received three injections of Hylan GF 20 in
      the sacroiliac joints 2 weeks apart. RESULTS: Twelve to 16 weeks after the
      injections, the pain was reported to be 40-67% better when measured on the visual
      analog scale. The duration of the beneficial effect of Hylan on arthralgia and
      joint function was undetermined. CONCLUSIONS: Viscosupplementation of the
      sacroiliac joint induced a significant degree of analgesia in all four patients.
      This treatment modality could represent an option in the management of sacroiliac
      joint pain and dysfunction.

PMID- 9952101
TI  - Progressive systemic sclerosis: intrathecal pain management.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: At present, there is no reliable method for long-term
      treatment of severe pain from progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) associated
      with Raynaud's phenomena leading to ischemia and ulcerations of the extremities.
      Long-term continuous intrathecal (IT) buprenorphine/bupivacaine analgesia was
      used in such a case. METHODS: The patient was a 71-year-old woman in whom
      conservative treatment, including opioids, dorsal column stimulation, and
      epidural bupivacaine, had failed to provide satisfactory, long-term relief for
      her severe lower extremity pain. An 18-gauge Portex intrathecal catheter was
      inserted via the L4-L5 interspace. An infusion of 4.75 mg/mL bupivacaine and
      0.015 mg/mL buprenorphine was started from a portable Pharmacia-Deltec (St. Paul,
      MN) pump at a rate of 0.1 mL/h with optional bolus doses of 0.1 mL, 2-4 times/h
      by patient controlled intrathecal analgesia. The rate was adjusted to give the
      patient satisfactory (80-100%) pain relief. RESULTS: The IT treatment was
      continued with 0.1 mL (approximately 0.5 mg/h bupivacaine) for most of the time
      (mean dose = 18.6 mg/d). This treatment gave the patient 90-100% pain relief,
      which subsequently improved the quality of her life. Nocturnal sleep duration
      increased from 2 hours before to 7-8 hours during the IT treatment. The treatment
      was complicated by transient post-dural puncture headache and further by
      meningitis, successfully treated with parenteral and intrathecal antibiotics.
      Every attempt to increase the IT bupivacaine to >20 mg/d led to transient urinary
      retention, paresthesia, and reduced motor strength in the lower extremities
      accompanied by gait disturbances. The IT treatment lasted for 861 days (of which
      580 days were spent at home), until the patient's death, not related to the
      treatment. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal infusion of buprenorphine/bupivacaine provided
      satisfactory long-term pain relief in a patient with PSS-associated Raynaud's
      phenomena, skin ulcerations, and intractable ischemic pain.

PMID- 9952102
TI  - Intrathecal addition of morphine to bupivacaine.

PMID- 9952103
TI  - Intrathecal fentanyl and fetal bradycardia.

PMID- 9952104
TI  - Paravertebral somatic nerve block for outpatient inguinal herniorrhaphy.

PMID- 9952105
TI  - Postoperative analgesia following total knee arthroplasty: a study comparing
      spinal anesthesia and combined sciatic femoral 3-in-1 block.

PMID- 9952106
TI  - Splenic marginal zone B-cell and thymic T-cell lymphomas in p53-deficient mice.
AB  - The molecular pathology and histogenesis of lymphomas in 56 retired breeder male
      and 14 12-week-old male homozygous p53-deficient (p53-/-) mice (C57BL/6TacfBR
      [KO]p53 N4) were evaluated. Lymphomas were assessed by serial morphologic
      techniques, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and analysis of T cell receptor
      (TCR) or immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangements. We found two
      common types of lymphomas. T-cell lymphomas arose in the thymus through a
      sequence of lymphocyte depletion, medullary hyperplasia, and unilateral lymphoma.
      Tumor cells were CD3+, CD90+, and usually TCRalpha/beta+ and possessed clonal
      TCRbeta gene rearrangements. Thymic lymphoblastic lymphomas (LL) were highly
      malignant and quickly metastasized to the splenic white pulp and liver, even when
      the thymus was only slightly increased in weight. In the spleen, a novel lymphoma
      was found. Marginal zone hyperplasia led to marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), a well
      differentiated lymphoma that usually expressed CD45R (B220) and CD5 at low levels
      and that had clonal IgH gene rearrangements. IgH gene rearrangements were also
      seen in spleens with marginal zone hyperplasias only. Hyperplastic and neoplastic
      marginal zone B cells expressed IgM at low to normal levels, as seen by FACS
      analysis and immunohistochemistry. These tumors only metastasized to the liver at
      a later stage, as they became less differentiated. Several mice had both types of
      tumors present in the spleen. Two B-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas of uncertain
      origin were also found. In this article, we discuss the possible mechanisms
      responsible for development of the lymphomas seen in these p53-deficient mice.

PMID- 9952107
TI  - Quantitative analysis and in situ localization of human telomerase RNA in chronic
      liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.
AB  - Telomerase is a specialized type of reverse transcriptase that catalyzes the
      synthesis and extension of telomeric DNA. High levels of telomerase activity have
      been detected in most hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues; very weak
      telomerase activity is, however, detected in approximately half of nontumorous
      chronic liver disease tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the
      possible source of this weak telomerase activity in these tissues using
      quantitative competitive reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction
      (PCR) and in situ RT-PCR. Competitive RT-PCR indicated that the relative amount
      of human telomerase RNA (hTR) was significantly higher in chronic hepatitis or
      liver cirrhosis compared with the normal liver (p < 0.005), and in HCC compared
      with the normal liver (p < 0.001) and with chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis
      (p < 0.0001). In the normal liver tissue, hTR was detected by in situ RT-PCR in
      occasional sinusoidal cells and nuclei of occasional hepatocytes. In tumor-free
      liver or tumor-bearing liver, hTR was detected in sinusoidal cells, infiltrating
      lymphocytes, occasional proliferative bile ductal epithelial cells, and the
      nuclei of occasional hepatocytes. In HCC, hTR was detected in nuclei of all HCC
      cells as an intense signal and in sinusoidal cells. These results indicate that
      the amount of hTR increases in the nuclei of hepatocytes during
      hepatocarcinogenesis, and that the cells associated with the weak telomerase
      activity in approximately half of the nontumorous chronic liver lesions are
      mainly migrating lymphocytes and sinusoidal cells.

PMID- 9952108
TI  - Development and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific for human
      basophils and the identification of a unique secretory product of basophil
      activation.
AB  - Despite increasing evidence that basophils can infiltrate into inflamed tissues
      during allergic reactions, determination of the extent of infiltration and
      elucidation of their role in allergic disease has been frustrated by the lack of
      reliable means for detecting this cell type in tissues. In the present study, we
      report on a new monoclonal antibody specific for basophils and on the initial
      characterization of the antigen it recognizes. Basophils were isolated from
      peripheral blood by Percoll density gradient centrifugation and a positive
      selection immunomagnetic procedure and injected into mice to produce monoclonal
      antibodies. A hybridoma clone, designated BB1, secreted antibody of the IgG2a
      isotype; this antibody bound selectively to basophils on immunocytochemistry but
      did not react with any other cell type or tissue structure, although it did stain
      a proportion of cells from the basophilic cell line KU812F. In sections of mixed
      populations of peripheral blood cells, similar numbers of cells stained with
      Alcian blue dye and BB1 over a wide range of basophil purity. BB1 antibody was
      effective in identifying basophils in sections of mixed cells or in tissues after
      fixation with ethanol, Carnoy's solution, or formalin. Staining of basophils with
      BB1 gave a granular appearance, although flow cytometry indicated that some
      antigen was also present on the surface of the cell. Activation of these cells
      with anti-IgE antibody or with the calcium ionophore A23187 provoked release of
      the antigen in parallel with that of histamine. BB1 antibody did not, by itself,
      stimulate histamine release. The molecular mass of the antigen was determined on
      Hedrick-Smith gels to be 124+/-11 kd. This new monoclonal antibody will be a
      valuable experimental tool in future studies, allowing the reliable detection of
      basophils in tissues of patients with allergic and chronic inflammatory disease;
      in addition, the antigen it identifies has potential as a unique marker of
      basophil activation.

PMID- 9952109
TI  - Increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and loss of
      correlation with matrix metalloproteinase-9 by macrophages in asthma.
AB  - Alveolar macrophages (AMs) can mediate tissue destruction and repair by
      synthesizing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) as
      well as inflammatory cytokines, which regulate their production. Imbalances
      between these enzymes and inhibitors may contribute to the tissue damage and
      remodeling seen in inflammatory diseases. In this study, we examined the role of
      AMs in chronic asthma. We have previously demonstrated an increased production of
      MMP-9 by AMs in untreated asthmatic patients as compared with healthy subjects,
      and in asthmatics treated with inhaled corticosteroids and patients with chronic
      bronchitis. We now report on the expression of TIMP-1, the inhibitor of MMP-9,
      and compare the levels and the regulation by cytokines of both MMP-9 and TIMP-1.
      Enzyme and inhibitor were measured using an enzyme immunoassay and
      immunoprecipitation. TIMP-1 steady-state mRNA levels were measured using the
      RNase protection assay. AMs from untreated asthmatics were found to produce more
      TIMP-1 both at protein and mRNA levels than AMs from other groups. The release of
      TIMP-1 and MMP-9 from individual AMs was significantly correlated in control
      populations and the molecules mainly complexed to each other, whereas this was
      not true for untreated asthmatics, indicating an imbalance between MMP-9 and TIMP
      1 production. In the latter population, TIMP-1 release was inhibited by an anti
      IL-6 antibody and MMP-9 release by anti-TNF-alpha, anti-IL-6, and anti-IL-1/beta
      antibodies. The imbalance of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 production, via the involvement of
      different cytokines, suggests that AMs may be involved in the abnormal repair
      observed in chronic asthma.

PMID- 9952110
TI  - Experimental colitis increases small intestine permeability in the rat.
AB  - Small intestine permeability is frequently altered in patients with Crohn's
      disease and is thought to play a pathogenic role. The aim of this study was to
      investigate the permeability and structure of small intestine tight junctions
      (TJ) in an animal model of chronic distal colitis. Seven days after colitis
      induction with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid/ethanol, the duodenal and ileal TJ
      were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy using lanthanum
      nitrate, freeze fractures, and immunohistochemistry of occludin, ZO-1, and
      cingulin. Animals treated with intrarectal ethanol alone served as controls. In
      controls, 7.5% of duodenal and 9.6% of ileal TJ were permeable to lanthanum,
      whereas in colitis, permeability increased significantly (79.5% and 72.9%,
      respectively; p < 0.001, both segments compared with controls). In colitis, the
      percentage of "leaky" junctions in duodena as well as in terminal ilea correlated
      positively with the macroscopic colon damage score (p < 0.02 and p < 0.005,
      respectively). Freeze-fracture analysis and immunohistochemistry of cingulin and
      ZO-1 did not reveal any difference between control and treated animals, whereas
      the signal of the transmembrane protein occludin was found to be disrupted and
      irregular in both small intestine segments. Distal colitis induces an increase of
      TJ permeability throughout the entire small intestine, and the extent of
      alterations correlates with colonic damage. Alterations in the transmembrane
      protein occludin seem to be responsible for the observed changes. Further
      investigation is needed to elucidate the mechanism of TJ alterations by a remote
      focus of inflammation.

PMID- 9952111
TI  - CD34+ cells in human intestine are fibroblasts adjacent to, but distinct from,
      interstitial cells of Cajal.
AB  - Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) generate the pacemaker component of the gut and
      play important roles in the control of gut motility. The tyrosine kinase receptor
      Kit is an established marker for ICC. Recently, it has been reported that
      immunoreactivity for the sialomucin CD34 may be present on ICC in human
      intestine. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors express both Kit and CD34, suggesting
      that these tumors may derive from ICC. We characterized the distribution of CD34
      immunoreactivity at the cellular level in the normal human gut, using double
      immunofluorescence immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. CD34
      immunoreactivity identified previously unrecognized cells closely adjacent to,
      but distinct from, the Kit immunoreactive ICC. These CD34 immunoreactive cells
      expressed the fibroblast marker prolyl 4-hydroxylase-whereas ICC did not-and were
      also distinct from smooth muscle cells, glial cells, and macrophages. In the
      human gut, CD34 immunoreactivity is not expressed by ICC but by a population of
      fibroblasts, likely corresponding to the "fibroblast-like cells" described in
      previous ultrastructural studies. Our findings also challenge the hypothesis that
      stromal tumors originate from ICC.

PMID- 9952113
TI  - Abstracts. 1999 Annual Meeting United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology.
      March 20-26, 1999. San Francisco, California.

PMID- 9952112
TI  - The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor dHAND, a marker gene for the
      developing human sympathetic nervous system, is expressed in both high- and low
      stage neuroblastomas.
AB  - Neuroblastoma is derived from the sympathetic nervous system and might arise as a
      result of impaired differentiation, retaining the neuroblastic tumor cells in the
      cell cycle. Thus, to understand the genesis of neuroblastoma, the study of
      mechanisms and genes regulating normal sympathetic development is of potential
      interest. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors human achaete-scute
      homolog-1 (HASH-1) and deciduum, heart, autonomic nervous system, and neural
      crest derivatives (dHAND) are expressed in the sympathetic nervous system of
      embryonic mice and chicken, with undetectable postnatal expression. By in situ
      hybridization technique, we show that dHAND was expressed by human sympathetic
      neuronal and extra-adrenal chromaffin cells throughout embryonic and fetal life,
      and was initially expressed in immature chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland.
      With overt chromaffin differentiation, dHAND was down-regulated. HASH-1, in
      contrast, was expressed in human sympathetic cells only at the earliest embryonic
      ages examined (Week 6.5 to 7). All examined neuroblastoma specimens (25/25) and
      all cell lines (5/5) had detectable dHAND mRNA levels. HASH-1 expression in tumor
      specimens was more restricted, although all cell lines (5/5) were HASH-1
      positive. These results show that neuroblastoma tumors have retained embryonic
      features, suggesting that many neuroblastomas are blocked at an early stage of
      normal development when HASH-1 and dHAND are expressed. dHAND also appears to be
      a reliable and potentially useful clinical diagnostic marker for neuroblastoma,
      because expression was not dependent on tumor or differentiation stages and other
      pediatric tumors were dHAND-negative.

PMID- 9952114
TI  - Society for Pediatric Pathology. Annual Meeting, San Francisco, California. March
      20-21, 1999.

PMID- 9952115
TI  - Management of multilevel cervical spondylosis with myelopathy.

PMID- 9952116
TI  - Intrathecal morphine delivered via subcutaneous pump for intractable pain in
      pancreatic cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Pain secondary to unresectable pancreatic cancer is frequently severe
      and extremely difficult to control with traditional methods of analgesia. This
      retrospective study reports the analgesic effects of intrathecal morphine sulfate
      by implanted infusion pumps in nine patients with unresectable adenocarcinoma of
      the pancreas. METHODS: Nine patients were implanted over a 2-year period.
      Preoperative morphine i.v. equivalents were a mean of 81.51 mg/day, with a range
      of 20-140 mg/day. Patients were hospitalized for a trial dose of 1-2 mg of
      intrathecal Duramorph, 1 mg/ml, via lumbar puncture to assess whether adequate
      pain relief could be achieved and whether there would be drug-related side
      effects. RESULTS: All patients who received a trial dose experienced excellent
      pain relief, and subsequently underwent implantation of a lumbar subarachnoid
      catheter and infusion pump during the same hospitalization. The mean number of
      days from diagnosis to pump implant was 119, with a range of 3-587 days. The mean
      maximum daily dose was 21.28 mg, with a range of 3-73.10 mg. No patient
      experienced respiratory depression or excess sedation which prevented achievement
      of pain control. Minor supplemental narcotic use was documented in three of the
      nine patients. Assessment of pain control was made by the level of activity and
      the analog pain scale, with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain
      imaginable. All of the patients experienced good to excellent relief of pain. The
      mean duration of intrathecal morphine sulfate use until death was 137.3 days,
      with a range of 52-354 days. CONCLUSIONS: This series of nine patients indicates
      that long-term administration of intrathecal morphine via implanted infusion pump
      in patients with pancreatic cancer is both efficacious and safe. All patients and
      their families reported an improved quality of life with an increased level of
      activity.

PMID- 9952117
TI  - Intrathecal morphine delivered via subcutaneous pump for intractable cancer pain:
      a review of the literature.

PMID- 9952118
TI  - Clinical results of the transoral operation for lesions of the craniovertebral
      junction and its abnormalities.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We treated 20 cases of craniovertebral junction lesions via a
      transoral approach. Developmental abnormalities of the craniovertebral junction
      accounted for 15 cases; there were 3 cases of tumor, 1 case of osteomyelitis, and
      1 case of rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: The transoral transpharyngeal approach
      was used in all cases. In 17 non-tumoral patients the anterior margin of the
      atlas and the odontoid process were resected. In one patient with a ventral
      clivus chordoma, both a transoral and a transnasal transsphenoidal approach was
      used for partial resection of the tumor mass. In two cases the median
      transpharyngeal approach was combined with a jaw-facial incision. In one case a
      metastatic adenocarcinoma, and in another a neurinoma of the accessory nerve
      straddling the posterior fossa and the pharyngeal region were removed. RESULTS:
      After operation four cases developed craniovertebral joint instability and
      required posterior cervical fusion or external fixation with a halo brace. Follow
      up ranged from 2 to 44 months. In most patients neurologic function slowly
      improved. One worsened, and one died of respiratory failure after operation. Two
      patients with malignant tumors died during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: In
      patients with developmental malformations, transoral decompression will result in
      some neurologic improvement and arrest the progress of symptoms. Patients with
      tumors are likely to show a good neurologic outcome when transoral surgery is
      performed in the early stage of the condition.

PMID- 9952119
TI  - Craniocervical junction tuberculosis: a rare but dangerous disease.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the cervical spine is a rare but
      dangerous manifestation of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. The clinical picture
      ranges from early, nonspecific, insidious symptoms to severe neurological
      complications and death, attributed to craniocervical junction instability and
      cervicomedullary compression. The different lines of management include
      antituberculous medication with traction and external fixation or adjunctive
      surgery (debridement and stabilization) in patients with severe or persistent
      neurological complications and/or vertebral instability. METHODS: We describe two
      patients with advanced craniocervical junction tuberculosis. The early clinical
      picture was nonspecific in Case 1 and obscured by psychiatric illness in Case 2.
      The detailed clinical and radiological findings, and the management, will be
      described. Involvement of the occipital condyles and foramen magnum, which has
      not been reported previously, will be demonstrated. RESULTS: Both cases underwent
      transoral biopsy, aspiration, and debridement of retropharyngeal abscess
      (granuloma). Histological and tissue culture studies proved the abscesses were
      tuberculous and anti-tuberculous medications were started. Case 1 showed complete
      resolution of the clinical and radiological findings. Case 2 developed
      cardiorespiratory arrest while in a halo jacket. He was resuscitated but remained
      quadriplegic and semiconscious; he developed nosocomial gram negative pneumonia.
      He was referred back to his local hospital where he died 1 year later.
      CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculosis is an infrequent but notable cause of cervicomedullary
      compression. It should be suspected in patients with infective spondylitis who
      are immunocompromised or reside in an area highly endemic for tuberculosis.
      Management strategies include antituberculosis medication, transoral biopsy and
      drainage of the abscess, traction and external fixation, posterior decompression,
      and internal fixation, according to the clinical and radiological findings.

PMID- 9952120
TI  - Cervical myelopathy due to migration of Torkildsen's shunt: case report.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Ventriculocisternal (Torkildsen's) shunts were used often in the past
      for the treatment of patients with obstructive hydrocephalus. Cisternal shunts
      may still be indicated in the management of syringomyelia. CASE DESCRIPTION:
      Presented is a case of a patient developing cervical myelopathy due to migration
      of a Torkildsen's shunt placed 30 years before. Initially thought to have a
      malfunctioning shunt, he then underwent removal of the catheter, which was
      demonstrated on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to be compressing the
      cervicomedullary junction. The patient improved slightly after removal of the
      catheter. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with cisternal shunts in whom a cervical
      myelopathy develops should be evaluated with MRI to rule out upper spinal cord
      compression caused by a migrated catheter.

PMID- 9952121
TI  - Multidisciplinary approach to traumatic intracranial aneurysms secondary to
      shotgun and handgun wounds.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Traumatic intracranial aneurysms (TICAs) may develop following
      gunshot injuries to the head. Management of these lesions often combines various
      aspects of microneurosurgical and endovascular techniques to safely repair or
      obliterate vessel defects. METHODS: We reviewed our experience over the last 18
      years and identified five cases of intracranial aneurysms following gunshot and
      handgun wounds that were treated surgically and/or endovascularly. RESULTS: All
      patients had successful obliteration of their lesions using a variety of
      therapeutic modalities aimed at preserving neurologic function while at the same
      time eliminating the aneurysm from the circulation. CONCLUSION: Both
      microneurosurgery and endovascular surgery have important roles to play in the
      management of TICAs. In some cases, both methods can be combined to eliminate
      lesions and maximize patient recovery in a safe, efficient, and effective
      fashion.

PMID- 9952122
TI  - Skull osteolysis after mild head trauma: case report.
AB  - BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, there have been only two reported cases of patients
      with osteolytic skull lesions secondary to head trauma without concomitant skull
      fracture. METHODS: We present a case of skull bone lysis, not associated with
      skull fracture in a 20-year-old male, after mild head injury. During surgery,
      tumorous skull tissue of benign appearance was excised and primary cranioplasty
      was performed. RESULTS: The pathological examination showed an inflammatory
      reactive process within the bone lesion. Three years after surgery the patient
      was asymptomatic and studies did not show any new bone changes. CONCLUSIONS: The
      authors draw attention to this exceptionally rare condition, pointing out the
      necessity of surgical biopsy, contrary to some opinions.

PMID- 9952124
TI  - Small cell lung carcinoma causing epidural hematoma: case report.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Epidural hematoma usually stems from trauma, yet it may occur from
      other etiologies, including neoplasms. We present a case of small cell lung
      carcinoma with focal hemorrhagic central nervous system metastasis producing an
      epidural hematoma, and review the associated literature. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A
      67-year-old man was undergoing chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung.
      Acute neurologic deterioration resulted from a large parietal epidural hematoma
      of non-traumatic origin. INTERVENTION: The clot was evacuated via craniotomy with
      marked improvement in his clinical state. Metastatic tumor was present in the
      scalp, muscle, bone, and dura. No gross brain invasion was apparent. CONCLUSIONS:
      This case illustrates the wisdom of including metastatic disease in the
      differential diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage. Even epidural hematoma may
      result from metastatic cancer. The prevalence of lung carcinoma and the aging of
      the population may produce an increased appearance of this phenomenon.
      Appropriate evaluation and rapid intervention will aid the patient in both the
      acute and long-term phases, and should improve the quality of survival.

PMID- 9952123
TI  - Malignant prolactinoma: case report and review of the literature.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Malignant prolactinomas are rare events. To date, only 14 patients
      with metastases in- or outside the central nervous system have been reported.
      CASE DESCRIPTION: We present a patient who developed a metastasis to the cauda
      equina, which is the first case documented with MRI. A giant prolactinoma in this
      51-year-old man was partially removed by a transcranial approach. After
      radiotherapy and treatment with bromocriptine, the patient had a remission for 3
      years. Thereafter, a sacral intraspinal tumor was diagnosed. Because of
      increasing prolactin levels not responding to bromocriptine and a radiologically
      suspected intrasellar tumor, we operated transsphenoidally first and found only
      fibrous tissue. We performed a sacral laminectomy and almost totally removed an
      intradural tumor. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis
      of a prolactinoma metastasis. The patient received radiotherapy and bromocriptine
      and has no evidence of recurrent tumor or metastases after a follow-up of 38
      months, thus being the second reported patient with long-term remission of the
      disease. DISCUSSION: We review the literature on this topic and try to establish
      common features of the course of this rare malignant disease and the efficacy of
      therapy in the cases reported hitherto.

PMID- 9952125
TI  - Recovery of hearing after removal of a large jugular foramen schwannoma: report
      of two cases.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although hearing loss is a common presenting symptom of jugular
      foramen schwannoma (JFS), recovery of hearing after tumor removal has rarely been
      reported. We report two cases of a large JFS presenting with severe hearing loss
      and recovering normal hearing after tumor removal. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two
      patients complaining of progressive hearing loss each proved to have a large JFS
      involving the posterior fossa. The hearing losses, which exceeded 90 dB, were not
      associated with dysfunction of the 9th, 10th, or 11th cranial nerves. Schwannomas
      were removed by a suboccipital retrosigmoid approach, preserving labyrinthine
      structures. The vestibulocochlear nerve, stretched and displaced rostrally by the
      tumor, was preserved with surrounding arachnoidal tissue. Soon after surgery,
      recovery of hearing began; normal hearing was restored within 3 months.
      CONCLUSIONS: In a case of JFS with severe hearing loss, normal hearing may be
      attainable by tumor removal using a retrosigmoid approach that preserves
      labyrinthine structures. The arachnoidal tissue separating the vestibulocochlear
      nerve from the schwannoma is important to hearing preservation.

PMID- 9952126
TI  - Intra-arterial papaverine for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm following
      aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Intra-arterial papaverine (IAP) has been described as a treatment for
      cerebral vasospasm refractory to standard therapy. METHODS: We report a series of
      15 consecutive patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in which IAP was
      employed for the treatment of symptomatic vasospasm. All patients exhibited
      delayed ischemic neurologic deficits, focal cerebral hypoperfusion on stable
      xenon-enhanced computerized tomography cerebral blood flow studies, and
      angiographically defined arterial narrowing. Papaverine was infused into 32
      arteries on 23 occasions. Six patients required multiple treatments between 1 and
      8 days apart. In five instances, IAP was combined with angioplasty. RESULTS:
      Angiographically defined vasospasm was at least partially reversed immediately
      following treatment on 18 of 23 occasions. The associated clinical improvement
      was major on 6 occasions, and either minor or none on 17. Post-treatment cerebral
      blood flow was assessed on 13 occasions and showed improvement in previously
      ischemic areas on six occasions and no improvement on seven. Complications were
      encountered on four occasions. Systemic hypotension and transient brain-stem
      depression were seen with vertebral artery infusions; a generalized seizure and
      paradoxical aggravation of vasospasm resulting in hemispheric infarction occurred
      with internal carotid artery infusions. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-arterial papaverine
      resulted in reversal of arterial narrowing in the majority of cases (78%).
      However, this angiographic improvement was associated with cerebral blood flow
      augmentation in only 46% of cases analyzed, and major clinical improvement in
      26%.

PMID- 9952127
TI  - Transluminal angioplasty and intra-arterial papaverine for the treatment of
      cerebral vasospasm after ruptured arteriovenous malformations.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This is the first report on the use of intra-arterial papaverine and
      percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in two patients with severe, symptomatic
      cerebral vasospasm who suffered ruptured arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). CASE
      DESCRIPTIONS: The source of hemorrhage was a venous aneurysm in the first case
      and a pedicular aneurysm of the distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery in
      the second case. In both cases, the AVMs were located in the superior vermis and
      there was minimal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The first patient underwent removal of
      the AVM before the period of cerebral vasospasm and the second patient underwent
      removal of the AVM after the cerebral vasospasm had resolved. The outcome was
      excellent in the first patient and poor in the second patient. CONCLUSION:
      Arteriovenous malformation with ruptured aneurysms may be at high risk for
      cerebral vasospasm even when there is minimal subarachnoid hemorrhage. We
      recommend early treatment of AVMs with ruptured pedicular, intranidal, or venous
      aneurysms to avoid rebleeding and to allow for aggressive treatment of cerebral
      vasospasm. The management of cerebral vasospasm after AVM rupture is discussed.

PMID- 9952128
TI  - Effect of clot removal and surgical manipulation on regional cerebral blood flow
      and delayed vasospasm in early aneurysm surgery for subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Effect of clot removal and surgical manipulation on cerebral blood
      flow (CBF) and delayed vasospasm was studied in early aneurysm surgery for
      subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: Thirty-two patients in this study
      fulfilled the following criteria: ruptured anterior communicating aneurysms,
      computed tomography (CT) within 2 days and unilateral pterional approach within 3
      days after the ictus, bilaterally symmetrical clots without intracerebral
      hematoma, no postoperative complication, and CBF studies with single photon
      emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 123I-IMP. RESULTS: Postoperative
      regional hypoperfusion due to brain retraction was frequently recognized on 123I
      IMP-SPECT without infarction. The regional CBF (rCBF) showed a continuous fall
      during the first 4 weeks after the ictus, followed by improvement. The rCBF in
      the vicinity of the surgical route was significantly lower, especially in the
      acute stage (Day 3-7). A significant association between decrease of cisternal
      blood after surgery and the degree of local vasospasm and local CBF values during
      spasm stage was observed in the interhemispheric cisterns, A2 and medial frontal
      cortex, but not in the sylvian fissure or insular cisterns, M1 or M2, and frontal
      watershed and temporal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides evidence
      for the effectiveness of direct clot removal by early surgery for SAH on local
      vasospasm and CBF reduction. However, a potential improvement in local CBF with
      clot removal could be masked by brain retraction, which was demonstrated to
      affect rCBF adversely. Therefore, it is critical to perform brain retraction as
      gently as possible.

PMID- 9952129
TI  - Delayed thrombus propagation after parent artery clipping for giant fusiform
      aneurysms of the circle of Willis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Obliteration of a giant fusiform aneurysm without significant
      therapeutic morbidity is extremely difficult. Ischemic complications have been
      often reported. METHODS: Two patients with giant fusiform aneurysms of the circle
      of Willis are presented. Both patients underwent proximal parent artery clipping
      after a bypass procedure. Balloon occlusion tests confirmed both patients'
      ability to tolerate flow reduction after proximal clipping. RESULTS: Although
      both patients awoke from anesthesia without neurologic deficit, they developed
      contralateral hemiparesis several hours after the operation as a result of a
      small infarct in the basal ganglia. These ischemic events might be attributed to
      the delayed thrombosis involving the orifice of the distal perforating arteries.
      CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment for giant fusiform aneurysms of the circle of
      Willis, special attention should be paid not only to flow reduction, but also to
      delayed thrombus propagation that may not be predicted by preoperative balloon
      occlusion testing.

PMID- 9952130
TI  - Recanalization of completely thrombosed giant aneurysm: case report.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Spontaneous recanalization in a completely thrombosed giant aneurysm
      is a very rare condition. CASE DESCRIPTION: An 18-year-old woman presented with a
      serpentine variety giant aneurysm of the posterior cerebral artery, in which
      spontaneous recanalization of a completely thrombosed lumen was demonstrated on
      magnetic resonance imaging and angiography. The patient was treated by trapping
      of the parent artery and aneurysmectomy. CONCLUSION: This case will provide
      insight into the potential for spontaneous recanalization in completely
      thrombosed giant aneurysms.

PMID- 9952131
TI  - Porcine small intestinal submucosa as a dural substitute.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The continuing search for the ideal dural substitute is currently
      directed toward collagen preparations. Xenogeneic porcine small intestinal
      submucosa (SIS), a naturally occurring extracellular matrix rich in collagen, has
      been successfully used as a soft tissue graft in several body organ systems,
      including preliminary studies as a dural substitute in the rat. METHODS: Eight
      dogs underwent temporoparietal craniotomy and dural resection with replacement by
      SIS. Five dogs had contralateral procedures without SIS grafting. Three dogs had
      contralateral SIS grafts placed 2 months after the initial procedure. Histologic
      assessment was obtained at 7, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      cytological examination and routine serum chemistry preceded sacrifice. RESULTS:
      Histologic evaluation showed initial graft infiltration by mononuclear round
      cells, spindle-shaped cells within an eosinophilic staining extracellular matrix,
      and neovascularity. Complete resorption of the graft was evident by 60 days. This
      pattern is consistent with the previously described incorporation and remodeling
      of the SIS graft at other sites. CSF cytology and routine serum chemistry at the
      time of sacrifice were normal. Response to repeat grafting was identical to that
      of initial exposure. There was no clinical or histologic evidence of
      sensitization or graft rejection. No evidence of adverse effect on the underlying
      cerebral cortex was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Porcine small intestinal submucosa
      demonstrates a favorable biologic response as a dural substitute in the canine
      model. It is a promising biomaterial for dural replacement.

PMID- 9952132
TI  - Non-visualization of known cerebral aneurysm on MRA.

PMID- 9952133
TI  - The business of surgery. Business principles applied to preoperative planning,
      operating room management, and surgical strategy.

PMID- 9952134
TI  - Severe intraoperative CO poisoning: should apathy prevail?

PMID- 9952136
TI  - The role of spirometry in predicting pulmonary complications after abdominal
      surgery: progressing toward an answer.

PMID- 9952135
TI  - Surrogate outcomes: meaningful not!

PMID- 9952137
TI  - Simple, easy, safe, and inexpensive. But is it efficacious?

PMID- 9952138
TI  - Antiemetic prophylaxis does not improve outcomes after outpatient surgery when
      compared to symptomatic treatment.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although prophylactic administration of antiemetics reduces the
      incidence of postoperative nausea, vomiting, or both (PONV), there is little
      evidence to suggest this improves patient outcomes. The authors hypothesized that
      early symptomatic treatment of PONV will result in outcomes, including time to
      discharge, unanticipated admission, patient satisfaction, and time to return to
      normal daily activities, that are similar to those achieved with routine
      prophylaxis. METHODS: Men and women (n = 575) scheduled for outpatient surgery
      during general anesthesia were randomized to receive either 4 mg intravenous
      ondansetron or placebo before operation and either 1 mg intravenous ondansetron
      or placebo if postoperative symptomatic treatment of PONV was necessary. Patients
      were stratified into subgroups by risk factors for PONV. RESULTS: No differences
      occurred in the time to discharge, rate of unanticipated admission, or time to
      return to normal activity between the prophylaxis and treatment groups. The
      reported level of satisfaction with control of PONV was 93% in the treatment arm
      and 97% in the prophylaxis arm, which fall within the limits defined a priori as
      clinically equivalent. Female patients with a history of motion sickness or PONV
      who were undergoing highly emetogenic procedures had a higher reported level of
      satisfaction with prophylaxis than with treatment (100% vs. 90%, P = 0.043);
      however, the level of satisfaction with the overall outpatient surgical
      experience was not different. CONCLUSION: Although PONV is unpleasant, the data
      indicate little difference in outcomes when routine prophylactic medications are
      administered versus simply treating PONV should symptoms occur.

PMID- 9952139
TI  - Airway obstruction and perioperative complications in smokers undergoing
      abdominal surgery.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to determine whether airway obstruction
      determined by preoperative spirometry predicts perioperative complications in
      smokers undergoing abdominal surgery whose treatment is managed according to
      current clinical practice. METHODS: A pulmonary function database identified
      patients undergoing abdominal surgery who met the following criteria for airway
      obstruction (n = 135): a forced expiratory volume less than 40% of predicted
      normal value, a forced expiratory volume:forced vital capacity ratio less than
      the lower limit of predicted normal, a smoking history of more than 20 pack
      years, and an age older than 35 yr. A group of patients without airway
      obstruction (n = 135) was matched for gender, surgical site (upper vs. lower
      abdominal), smoking history, and age. Medical records were reviewed by an
      abstractor to identify perioperative complications that occurred within 30 days
      after surgery. RESULTS: The forced expiratory volume values were 0.9+/-0.21 (mean
      +/- SD) and 2.9+/-0.61 in patients with and without airway obstruction,
      respectively. When analyzed by conditional logistic regression using the 1:1
      matched-pairs feature, including age, pack-year smoking history, site of
      incision, and current smoking status as covariates, in patients with airway
      obstruction bronchospasm was more likely to develop (odds ratio, 6.9 [95%
      confidence interval, 1.2 to 38.4]) but the patients were not more likely to need
      prolonged endotracheal intubation (odds ratio, 1.1 [95% confidence interval, 0.4
      to 3.2]). They were also no more likely to need prolonged intensive care
      admission or readmission. The frequency of other complications was less than 5%.
      CONCLUSION: When other factors were considered, preoperative airway obstruction
      predicted the occurrence of bronchospasm, but not prolonged endotracheal
      intubation, in smokers undergoing abdominal surgery who are treated according to
      current clinical practices.

PMID- 9952140
TI  - Effect of oxygen treatment on heart rate after abdominal surgery.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cardiac complications are common during the postoperative period and
      may be associated with hypoxemia and tachycardia. Preliminary studies in high
      risk patients after operation have shown a possible beneficial effect of oxygen
      therapy on arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate. METHODS: The authors
      studied the effect of oxygen therapy on arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate
      in 100 consecutive unselected patients randomly and double blindly allocated to
      receive air or oxygen therapy between the first and fourth day after major
      abdominal surgery. RESULTS: The median arterial oxygen saturation rate increased
      significantly from 96% to 99% (P < 0.0001) and the heart rate decreased
      significantly from 85 beats/min to 81 beats/min (P < 0.0001) during oxygen
      supplementation compared with air administered by a binasal catheter. The
      greatest decrease in heart rate occurred in patients with the lowest oxygen
      saturation or the highest heart rate values before oxygen supplementation.
      Overall, 73% of this unselected group of patients responded with decreased heart
      rate during supplemental oxygen therapy. No significant differences in changes in
      heart rate after oxygen supplementation were found between patients with or
      without an epidural catheter or between the postoperative day studied.
      CONCLUSION: Postoperative oxygen therapy increased arterial oxygen saturation and
      decreased heart rate after uncomplicated abdominal surgery in a consecutive
      unselected group of patients who received routine postoperative care.

PMID- 9952141
TI  - Assessment of changes in coagulation in parturients with preeclampsia using
      thromboelastography.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is associated with a risk of abnormal hemostasis that
      occurs most commonly secondary to thrombocytopenia. Thromboelastography measures
      whole blood coagulation and has been used to manage coagulation defects in
      obstetric patients. The authors conducted this investigation in a large number of
      preeclamptic women to assess changes in coagulation using thromboelastography.
      METHODS: Thromboelastography and platelet counts were performed in 52 healthy
      pregnant women, 140 mild preeclamptic women, and 114 severe preeclamptic women in
      active labor using disposable plastic cups and pins and native whole blood. In
      preeclamptic patients with a platelet count <100,000/mm3, conventional
      coagulation tests were also performed. Epidural analgesia was provided in some
      women when they requested pain relief. RESULTS: Fifteen percent of all
      preeclamptic women (38 of 254) and 2% (1 of 52) of healthy pregnant women had a
      platelet count <100,000/mm3. The incidence of thrombocytopenia <100,000/mm3 was
      3% (4 of 140) and 30% (34 of 114) in mild preeclamptic patients and severe
      preeclamptic patients, respectively. Severe preeclamptic patients with a platelet
      count <100,000/mm3 were significantly hypocoagulable when compared to the other
      study groups. Ten severe preeclamptic women with a platelet count <100,000/mm3
      had a maximum amplitude <54 mm (the lower limit of maximum amplitude in healthy
      pregnant women enrolled in this investigation). None of the mild preeclamptic
      women had a maximum amplitude <54 mm. Five severe preeclamptic women with a
      platelet count <100,000/mm3 had an abnormal coagulation profile, whereas all four
      mild preeclamptic women with a platelet count <100,000/mm3 had a normal
      coagulation profile. CONCLUSION: This study shows that severe preeclamptic women
      with a platelet count <100,000/mm3 are hypocoagulable when compared to healthy
      pregnant women and other preeclamptic women.

PMID- 9952142
TI  - Endotracheal intubation, but not laryngeal mask airway insertion, produces
      reversible bronchoconstriction.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Tracheal intubation frequently results in an increase in respiratory
      system resistance that can be reversed by inhaled bronchodilators. The authors
      hypothesized that insertion of a laryngeal mask airway would be less likely to
      result in reversible bronchoconstriction than would insertion of an endotracheal
      tube. METHODS: Fifty-two (45 men, 7 women) patients were randomized to receive a
      7.5-mm (women) or 8-mm (men) endotracheal tube or a No. 4 (women) or No. 5 (men)
      laryngeal mask airway. Anesthesia was induced with 2 microg/kg fentanyl and 5
      mg/kg thiopental, and airway placement was facilitated with 1 mg/kg
      succinylcholine. When a seal to more than 20 cm water was verified, respiratory
      system resistance was measured immediately after airway placement. Inhalation
      anesthesia was begun with isoflurane to achieve an end-tidal concentration of 1%
      for 10 min. Respiratory system resistance was measured again during identical
      conditions. RESULTS: Among patients receiving laryngeal mask airways, the initial
      respiratory system resistance was significantly less than among patients with
      endotracheal tubes (9.2+/-3.3 cm water x 1(-1) x s(-1) [mean +/- SD] compared
      with 13.4+/-9.6 cm water x 1(-1) x s(-1); P < 0.05). After 10 min of isoflurane,
      the resistance decreased to 8.6+/-3.6 cm water x 1(-1) x s(-1) in the
      endotracheal tube group but remained unchanged at 9.1+/-3.3 cm water x 1(-1) x s(
      1) in the laryngeal mask airway group. The decrease in respiratory system
      resistance in the endotracheal tube group of 4.7+/-7 cm water x 1(-1) x s(-1) was
      highly significant compared with the lack of change in the laryngeal mask airway
      group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Resistance decreased rapidly only in patients with
      endotracheal tubes after they received isoflurane, a potent bronchodilator,
      suggesting that reversible bronchoconstriction was present in patients with
      endotracheal tubes but not in those with laryngeal mask airways. A laryngeal mask
      airway is a better choice of airway to minimize airway reaction.

PMID- 9952143
TI  - Pulmonary airway resistance with the endotracheal tube versus laryngeal mask
      airway in paralyzed anesthetized adult patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The hypothesis that airway resistance is less with the laryngeal mask
      airway than with the endotracheal tube was tested. METHODS: Thirty-six paralyzed,
      anesthetized adult patients with no respiratory disease (American Society of
      Anesthesiologists physical status 1-3; age, 18-80 yr) were randomly allocated (9
      men, 9 women in each group) to receive either a size-4 laryngeal mask airway or
      an endotracheal tube (men, 9-mm ID; women, 8-mm ID). A pulmonary monitor with
      flow transducer and esophageal balloon was used to measure peak airway pressure
      and mean airway resistance (device resistance plus pulmonary airway resistance)
      at three different tidal volumes (5, 10, and 15 ml/kg). Device resistance was
      measured in vitro with the distal end of the endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask
      airway open to the atmosphere and using the same ventilator settings. Pulmonary
      airway resistance was derived by subtracting the mean device resistance from the
      mean airway resistance. RESULTS: Peak airway pressure, mean airway resistance,
      device resistance, and pulmonary airway resistance were greater for the
      endotracheal tube (all P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The laryngeal mask airway
      triggers less bronchoconstriction than does the endotracheal tube in paralyzed
      anesthetized adult patients. This may have implications for maintaining
      intraoperative pulmonary function and reducing the risk for atelectasis and
      pulmonary infection.

PMID- 9952144
TI  - The effect of fentanyl on sevoflurane requirements for somatic and sympathetic
      responses to surgical incision.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Fentanyl produces a reduction in the minimum alveolar concentration
      (MAC) of isoflurane and desflurane needed to blockade adrenergic response (BAR)
      to surgical incision in 50% of patients (MAC-BAR). MAC-BAR of sevoflurane and the
      reduction in MAC-BAR of sevoflurane by fentanyl have not been described
      previously. The purpose of this study was to determine the MAC and MAC-BAR
      reduction of sevoflurane by fentanyl with and without nitrous oxide (N2O).
      METHODS: Two hundred twenty-six patients were randomly assigned to one of two
      groups: a sevoflurane group and a sevoflurane/N2O group. Patients in each group
      were randomly assigned to one of five different fentanyl concentration subgroups.
      Patients were anesthetized with sevoflurane and fentanyl in the sevoflurane group
      and with sevoflurane, fentanyl, and N2O (66 vol%) in the sevoflurane/N2O group.
      Somatic and sympathetic responses to surgical incision were observed for MAC and
      MAC-BAR assessment at predetermined concentrations of sevoflurane. RESULTS:
      Fentanyl produced an initial steep reduction in the MAC and MAC-BAR of
      sevoflurane, with 3 ng/ml resulting in a 61% reduction in MAC and an 83%
      reduction in MAC-BAR. A ceiling effect was observed for MAC and MAC-BAR, with 6
      ng/ml fentanyl providing only an additional 13% and 9% reduction in MAC and MAC
      BAR, respectively. In the presence of 66 vol% N2O, MAC and MAC-BAR of sevoflurane
      were reduced with increasing concentrations of fentanyL A ceiling effect was not
      observed for reduction in MAC and MAC-BAR in the presence of N2O. CONCLUSIONS:
      MAC and MAC-BAR decreased similarly with increasing concentrations of fentanyl in
      plasma, showing an initial steep reduction followed by a ceiling effect. In the
      presence of N2O, MAC and MAC-BAR decreased similarly but did not exhibit a
      ceiling effect.

PMID- 9952145
TI  - Effects of xenon on hemodynamic responses to skin incision in humans.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The authors evaluated the hemodynamic suppressive effects of xenon in
      combination with sevoflurane at skin incision in patients undergoing surgery.
      METHODS: Forty patients were assigned randomly to receive one of the following
      four anesthetics: 1.3 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) sevoflurane, 0.7 MAC
      xenon with 0.6 MAC sevoflurane, 1 MAC xenon with 0.3 MAC sevoflurane, or 0.7 MAC
      nitrous oxide with 0.6 MAC sevoflurane (n = 10 each group). Systolic blood
      pressure and heart rate were measured before anesthesia, before incision, and
      approximately 1 min after incision. RESULTS: The changes in hemodynamic variables
      in response to incision were less with sevoflurane in combination with xenon and
      nitrous oxide than with sevoflurane alone. Changes in heart rate (in beats/min)
      were 19+/-11 (+/- SD) for sevoflurane alone, 11+/-6 for 0.7 MAC xenon
      sevoflurane, 4+/-4 for 1 MAC xenon-sevoflurane, and 8+/-7 for nitrous oxide
      sevoflurane. Changes in systolic blood pressure were 35+/-18 mmHg for sevoflurane
      alone, 18+/-8 mmHg for 0.7 MAC xenon-sevoflurane, 16+/-7 mmHg for 1 MAC xenon
      sevoflurane, and 14+/-10 mmHg for nitrous oxide-sevoflurane. CONCLUSIONS: Xenon
      and nitrous oxide in combination with sevoflurane can reduce hemodynamic
      responses to skin incision compared with sevoflurane alone. One probable
      explanation may be that xenon has analgesic properties similar to those of
      nitrous oxide, although the exact mechanism is yet to be determined.

PMID- 9952146
TI  - Perioperative pharmacodynamics of acetaminophen analgesia in children.
AB  - BACKGROUND: There are no adequate pharmacodynamic data relating concentrations of
      acetaminophen in serum to analgesia. METHODS: Children undergoing outpatient
      tonsillectomy were administered acetaminophen either orally, 0.5-1.0 h
      preoperatively (n = 20), or per rectum at induction of anesthesia (n = 100). No
      other analgesic agents were administered. Individual concentrations of
      acetaminophen in serum and pain scores (0-10) measured over a 4-h postoperative
      period were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed-effects model (NONMEM). RESULTS:
      Mean (% CV) estimates of population pharmacokinetic parameters with percent
      coefficient of variation, standardized to a 70-kg person, for a one-compartment
      model with first-order input, lag time, and first order-elimination were a volume
      of distribution of 60 (21) 1 and a clearance of 13.5 (46) 1/h. Rectally
      administered acetaminophen had an absorption half-life of 35 (63) min with a lag
      time of 40 min. The absorption half-life for the oral preparation was 4.5 (63)
      min without a detectable lag time. The relative bioavailability of the rectal
      compared with the oral formulation was 0.54. The equilibration half-time of an
      effect compartment was 1.6 (131) h. Pharmacodynamic population parameter
      estimates (percent coefficient of variation) for a fractional sigmoidal Emax
      model, in which the greatest possible pain relief equates to an Emax of 1, were
      Emax = 1, EC50 (the concentration producing 50% of Emax) = 3.4 (94) mg/l, and
      Hill coefficient = 0.54 (42). CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacodynamics of acetaminophen
      can be described using a sigmoidal Emax model with a low Hill coefficient. To
      achieve a mean posttonsillectomy pain score of 3.6 of 10, an effect compartment
      concentration of 10 mg/l is necessary.

PMID- 9952147
TI  - Dexmedetomidine failed to block the acute hyperdynamic response to
      electroconvulsive therapy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Orally administered clonidine (0.2-0.3 mg) has been reported to
      decrease the acute hypertensive response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
      without prolonging early recovery. This preliminary study was designed to
      evaluate the acute hemodynamic effects of the investigational alpha2-adrenergic
      agonist, dexmedetomidine, in patients undergoing a series of ECT treatments.
      METHODS: Six patients undergoing a series of three to six consecutive ECT
      treatments were studied according to a randomized, double-blind, placebo
      controlled protocol All patients received either saline or dexmedetomidine, 0.5
      or 1.0 microg/kg intravenously, 10-30 min before induction of anesthesia for ECT
      using a standardized anesthesia protocol. In addition to assessing the
      cardiovascular variables, the duration of seizure activity, degree of sedation,
      and time to discharge from the Phase I recovery unit were assessed. RESULTS:
      Although dexmedetomidine produced dose-related increases in the level of sedation
      before the ECT procedure, it failed to decrease the peak blood pressure and heart
      rate responses after the ECT treatment. The 0.5 and 1.0 microg/kg doses of
      dexmedetomidine prolonged the times to orientation and to discharge from the
      Phase I unit. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study suggest that
      dexmedetomidine (0.5-1.0 microg/kg given intravenously) is not beneficial in
      controlling the acute hyperdynamic response after ECT.

PMID- 9952148
TI  - Molar potency is predictive of the speed of onset of neuromuscular block for
      agents of intermediate, short, and ultrashort duration.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The times to peak effect of rocuronium, vecuronium, cisatracurium,
      mivacurium, and succinylcholine were evaluated to confirm that the correlation
      between potency and onset time observed for long-acting relaxants also held for
      drugs of intermediate and short duration. METHODS: The authors recruited 99
      patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status
      score 1 or 2 for the study. After anesthesia was induced, tracheal intubation was
      accomplished without relaxants. Anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide and
      3% or 4% end-tidal desflurane plus intravenous narcotic supplementation. The
      evoked electromyographic response to single stimuli administered at 0.10 Hz was
      recorded continuously. Drug doses were selected to produce approximately 95%
      twitch depression. If peak twitch depression did not fall in the range of 90% to
      98%, the patient was excluded from the study. The time to 50% to 90% of peak
      effect was plotted as a function of the administered dose. RESULTS: There was no
      difference in the onset profiles of mivacurium and vecuronium, or in the time to
      50% of peak effect between succinylcholine and rocuronium. For all other
      parameters, onset times ranked as follows: succinylcholine < rocuronium <
      vecuronium-mivacurium < cisatracurium (P < 0.05). When the log of the ED95 in
      micromoles per kilogram for all five drugs was plotted against the log of onset
      time to 50% peak effect, the R2 value for the best fit line was more than 0.98.
      CONCLUSIONS: The inverse correlation between the molar potency and speed of onset
      previously described for agents of long duration also applies to nondepolarizing
      agents of intermediate and short duration. The onset time of succinylcholine also
      appears to be compatible with this relation.

PMID- 9952149
TI  - Ondansetron is effective to treat spinal or epidural morphine-induced pruritus.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Spinally and epidurally administered morphine is frequently
      associated with pruritus. Isolated case reports indicate that ondansetron may be
      effective in this context. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of
      ondansetron to treat this side effect. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized,
      double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 100 patients with pruritus (> 4 on a
      visual analog scale, on which 0 represents no pruritus and 10 represents worst
      pruritus imaginable) after spinal or epidural administration of morphine,
      received either 8 mg ondansetron intravenously (ondansetron group) in 100 ml NaCl
      0.9% or vehicle (placebo group). A decrease of more than 4 points on the visual
      analog scale 60 min after treatment was considered a success. Changes in levels
      of pain and sedation, hemodynamic values, and other side effects were checked
      regularly. The presence or absence of pruritus was assessed for the last time 24
      h later. RESULTS: The two groups were similar for demographic characteristics,
      the route of administration of morphine, and severity of pruritus at the
      beginning of the study. The ondansetron group showed a success rate of 70% versus
      30% for the placebo group (P > 0.05). Among the successfully treated patients,
      three (9%) in the ondansetron group and six (40%) in the placebo group reported
      the recurrence of pruritus (P < 0.05). Among the successfully treated patients,
      none complained of residual pruritus 24 h later. No changes in pain or sedation
      levels were noted. Hemodynamic values remained stable, hemoglobin oxygen
      saturation did not decrease, and no other side effects were observed. CONCLUSION:
      The administration of 8 mg ondansetron intravenously is an effective treatment
      for spinally or epidurally administered morphine-induced pruritus. In this
      clinical condition the treatment is safe and well tolerated.

PMID- 9952150
TI  - Dose-response relationship of intrathecal morphine for postcesarean analgesia.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This series investigated the quality of analgesia and the incidence
      and severity of side effects of intrathecal morphine for post-cesarean analgesia
      administered over a dose range of 0.0-0.5 mg. METHODS: ONE hundred eight term
      parturients undergoing cesarean delivery at term and given spinal anesthesia were
      randomized to receive a single dose of intrathecal morphine (0.0, 0.025, 0.05,
      0.075, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg). A patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)
      device provided free access to additional analgesics. PCA morphine use, incidence
      and severity of side effects, and need for treatment interventions were recorded
      for 24 h. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and linear regression
      analysis for trends among groups. RESULTS: Patient-controlled analgesia use
      differed significantly between groups; PCA use was higher in the control group
      than in groups receiving 0.075, 0.1, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg. Twenty-four-hour PCA
      morphine use was 45.7 mg lower (95% CI, 4.8-86.6 mg lower) in the 0.075-mg group
      than the control group. There was no difference in PCA morphine use between the
      0.075- and 0.5-mg groups (95% CI, 36.8 mg lower to 45.0 mg higher); despite a
      fivefold increase in intrathecal morphine dose, PCA morphine use remained
      constant. There was no difference between control and treatment groups or among
      treatment groups with respect to nausea and vomiting. Pruritus and the need for
      treatment interventions increased in direct proportion to the dose of intrathecal
      morphine (linear regression, P = 0.001 and P = 0.0002, respectively).
      CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate there is little justification for use of more
      than 0.1 mg for post-cesarean analgesia. For optimal analgesia, augmentation
      [corrected] of intrathecal morphine with systemic opioids may be necessary.

PMID- 9952151
TI  - Dilution of spinal lidocaine does not alter the incidence of transient neurologic
      symptoms.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although it has been suggested that the dilution of 5% hyperbaric
      lidocaine before injection for spinal anesthesia may decrease the incidence of
      transient neurologic symptoms, previous studies have not noted a decreased
      incidence between 5% and 2% lidocaine. The aim of the current study was to
      determine whether the incidence of transient neurologic symptoms could be altered
      by further diluting spinal lidocaine from 2.0% to 0.5%. METHODS: One hundred nine
      patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 or 2
      undergoing outpatient knee arthroscopy were randomized in a double-blind fashion
      to receive 50 mg hyperbaric spinal lidocaine as a 2.0%, 1.0%, or 0.5%
      concentration. On the third postoperative day, patients were contacted by a
      blinded investigator and questioned regarding the incidence of postoperative
      complications, including transient neurologic symptoms, defined as pain or
      dysthesia in one or both buttocks or legs occurring within 24 h of surgery.
      RESULTS: The incidence of transient neurologic symptoms did not differ among
      patients receiving 2.0% (incidence of 15.8%), 1.0% (incidence of 22.2%), and 0.5%
      (incidence of 17.1%) lidocaine (P = 0.756). CONCLUSIONS: For ambulatory patients
      undergoing arthroscopy, the incidence of transient neurologic symptoms is not
      reduced by decreasing spinal lidocaine concentrations from 2.0% to 1.0% or 0.5%.
      The incidences of transient neurologic symptoms with the 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%
      solutions are similar to previously reported incidences for 5.0% lidocaine,
      suggesting that dilution of lidocaine from 5.0% to 0.5% does not change the
      incidence of these symptoms.

PMID- 9952152
TI  - Population pharmacokinetic modeling in very premature infants receiving midazolam
      during mechanical ventilation: midazolam neonatal pharmacokinetics.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Midazolam is used widely as a sedative to facilitate mechanical
      ventilation. This prospective study investigated the population pharmacokinetics
      of midazolam in very premature infants. METHODS: Midazolam (100 microg/kg) was
      administered as a rapid intravenous bolus dose every 4-6 h to 60 very premature
      neonates with a mean (range) gestational age of 27 weeks (24-31 weeks), a birth
      weight of 965 g (523-1,470 g), and an age of 4.5 days (2-15 days). A median
      (range) of four (one to four) blood samples, 0.2 ml each, were drawn at random
      times after the first dose or during continuous treatment, and concentrations of
      midazolam in serum were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. A
      population analysis was conducted using a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model
      using the NONMEM program. RESULTS: Average parameter values (interpatient percent
      coefficient of variation) for infants with birth weights 1,000 g or less were
      total systemic clearance (Cl(T)) = 0.783 ml/min (83%), intercompartmental
      clearance (Cl(Q)) = 6.53 ml/min (116%), volume of distribution of the central
      compartment (V1) = 473 ml (70%), and volume of distribution of the peripheral
      compartment (V2) = 513 ml (146%). For infants with birth weights more than 1,000
      g they were as follows: Cl(T) = 1.24 ml/min (78%), Cl(Q) = 9.82 ml/min (98%), V1
      = 823 ml (43%), and V2 = 1,040 ml (193%). The intrapatient variability (percent
      coefficient of variation) in the data was 4.5% at the mean concentration
      midazolam in serum of 121 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: Serum concentration-time data were
      used in modeling the population pharmacokinetics of midazolam in very premature,
      ventilated neonates. Clearance of midazolam was markedly decreased compared with
      previous data from term infants and older patients. Infants weighing less than
      1,000 g at birth had significantly lower clearance than those weighing more than
      1,000 g.

PMID- 9952153
TI  - Immunochemical evidence against the involvement of cysteine conjugate beta-lyase
      in compound A nephrotoxicity in rats.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Compound A, a degradation product of sevoflurane, causes renal
      corticomedullary necrosis in rats. Although the toxicity of this compound was
      originally hypothesized to result from the biotransformation of its cysteine
      conjugates into toxic thionoacyl halide metabolites by renal cysteine conjugate
      beta-lyase, recent evidence suggests that alternative mechanisms may be
      responsible for compound A nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate
      these issues by determining whether mercapturates and glutathione conjugates of
      compound A could produce renal corticomedullary necrosis in rats, similar to
      compound A, and whether renal covalent adducts of the thionacyl halide metabolite
      of compound A could be detected immunochemically. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were
      administered, intraperitoneally, N-acetylcysteine conjugates (mercapturates) of
      compound A (90 or 180 micromol/kg) or glutathione conjugates of compound A (180
      micromol/kg) with or without intraperitoneal pretreatments with aminooxyacetic
      acid (500 micromol/kg) or acivicin (250 micromol/kg). Rats were killed after 24
      h, and kidney tissues were analyzed for toxicity by histologic examination or for
      protein adducts by immunoblotting or immunohistochemical analysis, using antisera
      raised against the covalently bound thionoacyl halide metabolite of compound A.
      RESULTS: Mercapturates and glutathione conjugates of compound A both produced
      renal corticomedullary necrosis similar to that caused by compound A.
      Aminooxyacetic acid, an inhibitor of renal cysteine conjugate beta-lyase, did not
      inhibit the toxicity of the mercapturates, whereas acivicin, an inhibitor of
      gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, potentiated the toxicity of both classes of
      conjugates. No immunochemical evidence for renal protein adducts of the thionacyl
      halide metabolite was found in rats 24 h after the administration of the
      mercapturates of compound A or in the kidneys of rats, obtained from a previous
      study, 5 and 24 h after the administration of compound A. CONCLUSION: The results
      of this study are consistent with the idea that a mechanism other than the renal
      cysteine conjugate beta-lyase pathway of metabolic activation is responsible for
      the nephrotoxicity of compound A and its glutathione and mercapturate conjugates
      in male Wistar rats.

PMID- 9952154
TI  - Nitrous oxide produces antinociceptive response via alpha2B and/or alpha2C
      adrenoceptor subtypes in mice.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Opiate receptors in the periaqueductal gray region and alpha2
      adrenoceptors in the spinal cord of the rat mediate the antinociceptive
      properties of nitrous oxide (N2O). The availability of genetically altered mice
      facilitates the detection of the precise protein species involved in the
      transduction pathway. In this study, the authors establish the similarity between
      rats and mice in the antinociceptive action of N2O and investigate which alpha2
      adrenoceptor subtypes mediate this response. METHODS: After obtaining
      institutional approval, antinociceptive dose-response and time-course to N2O was
      measured in wild-type and transgenic mice (D79N), with a nonfunctional alpha2A
      adrenoceptor using tail-flick latency. The antinociceptive effect of N2O was
      tested after pretreatment systemically with yohimbine (nonselective alpha2
      antagonist), naloxone (opiate antagonist), L659,066 (peripheral alpha2
      antagonist) and prazosin (alpha2B- and alpha2C-selective antagonist). The tail
      flick latency to dexmedetomidine (D-med), a nonselective alpha2 agonist, was
      tested in wild-type and transgenic mice. RESULTS: N2O produced antinociception in
      both D79N transgenic and wild-type litter mates, although the response was less
      pronounced in the transgenic mice. Antinociception from N2O decreased over time
      with continuing exposure, and the decrement was more pronounced in the transgenic
      mice. The antinociceptive response could be dose dependently antagonized by
      opiate receptor and selective alpha2B-/alpha2C-receptor antagonists but not by a
      central nervous system-impermeant alpha2 antagonist (L659,066). Whereas
      dexmedetomidine exhibited no antinociceptive response in the D79N mice, the
      robust antinociceptive response in the wild-type litter mates could not be
      blocked by a selective alpha2B-/alpha2C-receptor antagonist. CONCLUSION: These
      data confirm that the antinociceptive response to an exogenous alpha2-agonist is
      mediated by an alpha2A adrenoceptor and that there appears to be a role for the
      alpha2B- or alpha2C-adrenoceptor subtypes, or both, in the analgesic response to
      N2O.

PMID- 9952155
TI  - The pulmonary first-pass uptake of five nondepolarizing muscle relaxants in the
      pig.
AB  - BACKGROUND: It is not known whether the lungs influence the early
      pharmacokinetics of muscle relaxants and, if they do, whether differences in
      pulmonary uptake contribute to the differences in potency and/or onset time among
      muscle relaxants. Because the lungs are uniquely positioned, receive the entire
      cardiac output, have a large capillary surface area, and can temporarily store
      various basic drugs, the authors determined whether substantial pulmonary first
      pass uptake of muscle relaxants occurs. METHODS: In 14 pigs, rocuronium,
      vecuronium, Org 9487, Org 7617, or d-tubocurarine were administered
      simultaneously with indocyanin green within 1 s into the right ventricle, and
      then arterial blood was sampled every 1.2 s (in the first min). The tibialis
      muscle response was registered mechanomyographically. RESULTS: The maximum block
      was 93% (68-100% [median and range]). Onset times ranged from 83 s (78-86 s) for
      rocuronium to 182 s (172-192 s) for d-tubocurarine. Fraction-versus-time outflow
      curves showed that the peak of muscle relaxants and indocyanin green occurred
      almost simultaneously. Pulmonary first-pass retention was negligible. The
      retention of muscle relaxants at 95% passage of indocyanin green was -9% (-31 to
      18%). The difference in the mean transit time between muscle relaxant and
      indocyanin green was 1.0 (0.8 to 1.4), 0.2 (-0.8 to 0.3), 0.3 (0.2 to 0.4), 0.5
      (0.2 to 1.3), and -2.2 s for rocuronium, vecuronium, Org 9487, Org 7617, and d
      tubocurarine, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is no substantial pulmonary first
      pass uptake of rocuronium, vecuronium, Org 9487, Org 7617, or d-tubocurarine in
      pigs. Therefore, differences in pulmonary first-pass uptake do not contribute to
      the differences in potency and/or onset time among muscle relaxants.

PMID- 9952156
TI  - Effects of temperature and volatile anesthetics on GABA(A) receptors.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Potentiation of the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A
      (GABA(A)) receptor channel by volatile anesthetic agents is usually studied in
      vitro at room temperature. Systematic variation of temperature can be used to
      assess the relevance of this receptor to general anesthesia and to characterize
      the modulation of its behavior by volatile agents at normal body temperature.
      METHODS: Potentiation of the GABA(A) receptor by halothane, sevoflurane,
      isoflurane, and methoxyflurane was studied at six temperatures in the range 10-37
      degrees C using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique and mouse fibroblast cells
      stably transfected with defined GABA(A) receptor subunits. RESULTS: Control GABA
      concentration-response plots showed small and physically reasonable changes in
      the GABA concentration required for a half-maximal effect, the Hill coefficient,
      and maximal response over the range 10-30 degrees C. Potentiations of GABA (1
      microM) responses by aqueous minimum alveolar concentrations of the volatile
      anesthetic agents decreased with increasing temperature from 10-37 degrees C in
      an agent-specific manner (methoxyflurane > isoflurane > sevoflurane > halothane)
      but tended to equalize at normal body temperature (37 degrees C). These findings
      are in line with published results on the temperature dependence of anesthetic
      potencies in animals. CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with direct
      binding of volatile anesthetic agents to the GABA(A) receptor channel playing an
      important role in general anesthesia. The finding that the degree of anesthetic
      potentiation was agent-specific at low temperatures but not at 37 degrees C
      emphasizes the importance of doing in vitro experiments at normal body
      temperature.

PMID- 9952157
TI  - The antiallodynic effects of intrathecal cholinesterase inhibitors in a rat model
      of neuropathic pain.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This study determined the effect of intrathecally administered
      cholinesterase inhibitors, edrophonium and neostigmine, on nerve injury-induced,
      touch-evoked allodynia and identified the pharmacologic characteristics of this
      action. METHODS: Rats were prepared with tight ligation of the left L5 and L6
      spinal nerves and with lumbar intrathecal catheters fitted for long-term
      monitoring. Edrophonium (3, 10, 30, or 100 microg) or neostigmine (0.3, 1, 3, or
      10 microg) was administered intrathecally. Tactile allodynia and motor weakness
      were assessed. To evaluate the pharmacologic characteristics of the activity, a
      muscarinic receptor antagonist or a nicotinic receptor antagonist was
      administered intrathecally before edrophonium or neostigmine was injected. To
      compare the action of subtype antagonists, the M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist
      pirenzepine, the M2 antagonist methoctramine, the M3 antagonist 4-DAMP
      (diphenylacetoxy-N-methypiperidine), and the M4 antagonist tropicamide were
      administered intrathecally before cholinesterase inhibitors were injected.
      RESULTS: Intrathecal edrophonium or neostigmine produced a dose-dependent
      antagonism of the touch-evoked allodynia. Neostigmine resulted in a moderate
      effect on motor weakness at doses of 3 and 10 microg. Pretreatment with
      intrathecal atropine but not mecamylamine yielded a complete antagonism of the
      effects of the cholinesterase inhibitors. In addition, antiallodynia produced by
      edrophonium (100 microg) was reversed by pretreatment with methoctramine, 4-DAMP,
      tropicamide, and pirenzepine. In the neostigmine (10 microg) group, only the M1
      antagonist pirenzepine had a moderate effect on reversal of increased allodynic
      threshold. CONCLUSIONS: These experiments suggest that intrathecal edrophonium or
      neostigmine produces an antagonism on touch-evoked allodynia at the spinal level
      in a rat model of neuropathic pain and that the antiallodynic action of
      cholinesterase inhibitors is probably mediated by a spinal muscarinic system,
      especially at the M1 receptor subtype.

PMID- 9952158
TI  - Spinal antinociceptive action of Na+-K+ pump inhibitor ouabain and its
      interaction with morphine and lidocaine in rats.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase is a ubiquitous enzyme system
      that maintains the ion gradient across the plasma membrane of a variety of cell
      types, including cells in the central nervous system. We investigated the
      antinociceptive effect of intrathecally administered ouabain and examined its
      potential interaction with spinal morphine and lidocaine. METHODS: Using rats
      chronically implanted with lumbar intrathecal catheters, the ability of
      intrathecally administered ouabain, morphine, and lidocaine and of mixtures of
      ouabain-morphine and ouabain-lidocaine to alter tail-flick latency was examined.
      To characterize any interactions, isobolographic analysis was performed. The
      effects of pretreatment with intrathecally administered atropine or naloxone also
      were tested. RESULTS: Intrathecally administered ouabain (0.1-5.0 microg),
      morphine (0.2-10.0 microg), and lidocaine (25-300 microg) given alone produced
      significant dose- and time-dependent antinociception, but systemic administration
      of ouabain did not produce such an effect. The median effective dose (ED50)
      values for intrathecally administered ouabain, morphine, and lidocaine were 2.3,
      5.0, and 227.0 microg, respectively. Isobolographic analysis exhibited a
      synergistic interaction after the coadministration of ouabain and morphine. With
      ouabain and lidocaine, there was no such evidence of synergism. Intrathecally
      administered atropine, but not naloxone, completely blocked the antinociceptive
      effect of ouabain and attenuated its interaction with spinally administered
      morphine. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecally administered ouabain produces
      antinociception, at least in part, via an enhancement of cholinergic transmission
      in the spinal nociceptive processing system. The results of the interaction of
      ouabain with morphine and lidocaine suggest that modulation of Na+-,K+
      electrochemical gradients and thus subsequent release of neurotransmitters in the
      spinal cord are likely to play important roles in the spinal antinociceptive
      effect of intrathecally administered ouabain.

PMID- 9952159
TI  - Intrathecal clonidine alleviates allodynia in neuropathic rats: interaction with
      spinal muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Intrathecally administered clonidine increases release of spinal
      acetylcholine, which may be related to its analgesic action in neuropathic pain.
      The current study determined the role of spinal muscarinic and nicotinic
      receptors in the antiallodynic effect of intrathecally administered clonidine in
      spinal nerve-ligated rats. METHODS: Allodynia was produced in rats by ligation of
      the left L5-L6 spinal nerves. Mechanical allodynia was determined by application
      of von Frey filaments to the left hindpaw. The effect of intrathecal injection of
      saline, two muscarinic receptor antagonists (atropine and scopolamine), and two
      nicotinic receptor antagonists (mecamylamine and hexamethonium) on the
      antiallodynic action produced by intrathecal administration of 20 microg
      clonidine was assessed in six groups of animals. Each group consisted of six to
      eight rats. RESULTS: Intrathecal injection of saline or muscarinic or nicotinic
      receptor antagonists did not alter the withdrawal thresholds. The antiallodynic
      effect produced by intrathecally administered clonidine was attenuated in a dose
      dependent manner by intrathecal treatment with muscarinic and nicotinic
      antagonists. Although nicotinic receptor antagonists only partially attenuated
      the effect of clonidine, blockade of spinal muscarinic receptors almost abolished
      the antiallodynic effect of clonidine. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate
      that the analgesic effect of intrathecally administered clonidine on neuropathic
      pain is mediated by spinal muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Therefore, this
      study provides functional evidence that spinally released acetylcholine plays a
      role in the antiallodynic effect of intrathecally administered clonidine in
      neuropathic pain.

PMID- 9952160
TI  - Dexamethasone changes brain monoamine metabolism and aggravates ischemic neuronal
      damage in rats.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoids have been reported to aggravate ischemic brain
      damage. Because changes in the activities of various neuronal systems are closely
      related to the outcome of ischemic damage, the authors evaluated the effects of
      dexamethasone on the monoaminergic systems and ischemic neuronal damage. METHODS:
      The right middle cerebral artery was occluded for 2 h, and the tissue
      concentrations of monoamines and their metabolites were determined in the
      cerebral cortex and the striatum of rats. The turnover of 5-hydroxytryptamine was
      compared in animals injected with saline and those injected with dexamethasone
      twice (2 mg/kg in each injection) by evaluating the probenecid-induced
      accumulation of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. The turnovers of norepinephrine and
      dopamine were estimated from the alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine-induced depletion of
      norepinephrine and dopamine, respectively. The effect of dexamethasone on the
      infarct volume was evaluated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride stain in rats
      subjected to 2 h of occlusion. RESULTS: Dexamethasone did not affect the cortical
      5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid contents. However, it
      suppressed the turnover of the cortical 5-hydroxytryptamine on both sides.
      Dexamethasone reduced the turnover of the striatal 5-hydroxytryptamine and
      facilitated the dopamine turnover. In rats subjected to 2 h of occlusion and 2 h
      of reperfusion, the infarct volume was 10.5 times greater in the group that
      received dexamethasone than in the animals that received saline. CONCLUSIONS:
      Dexamethasone suppresses the inhibitory serotonergic system and facilitates the
      excitatory dopaminergic system in the rat telencephalon. This may be a mechanism
      by which dexamethasone aggravates ischemic neuronal injury.

PMID- 9952161
TI  - Vanilloid receptor agonists potentiate the in vivo local anesthetic activity of
      percutaneously injected site 1 sodium channel blockers.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Capsaicin, the pungent ingredient in chili peppers, is a vanilloid
      with noxious and analgesic effects that inhibits tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium
      currents. Because tetrodotoxin-resistant currents are found primarily in small
      diameter nociceptor afferents of the peripheral nerves, their inhibition may lead
      to selective analgesia. Therefore, the authors evaluated the interactions between
      tetrodotoxin, a site 1 sodium channel blocker, and capsaicin on nerve blockade in
      vivo. METHODS: Percutaneous sciatic nerve injections with 0 to 9.9 mM capsaicin,
      0 to 120 microM tetrodotoxin, or both were administered to male Sprague-Dawley
      rats. Thermal nociceptive and motor blockade were measured. Data were expressed
      as medians with 25th and 75th percentiles. RESULTS: Capsaicin produced a
      transient increase in thermal latency with no effect on motor strength.
      Tetrodotoxin reduced motor strength for a longer duration than nociception. The
      interaction between tetrodotoxin and capsaicin was synergistic, as evidenced by
      (1) supraadditive prolongation of both nociceptive and motor block, with the
      effect of capsaicin reversed by the vanilloid antagonist capsazepine, and (2)
      synergism in the frequency that rats achieved maximal block shown by
      isobolographic analysis. The combination of tetrodotoxin and capsaicin showed
      less motor predominance than tetrodotoxin did alone. Similar interactions were
      found between tetrodotoxin and resiniferatoxin (another vanilloid), and between
      capsaicin and saxitoxin (another site 1 sodium channel blocker), but much less so
      between bupivacaine and capsaicin. CONCLUSIONS: Site 1 sodium channel blockers
      and vanilloids have synergistic effects on nerve blockade in vivo. These
      interactions may be useful in developing prolonged local anesthetics and
      elucidating mechanisms of functionally selective nerve blockade.

PMID- 9952162
TI  - The comparative pharmacodynamics of remifentanil and its metabolite, GR90291, in
      a rat electroencephalographic model.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo
      pharmacodynamics and the pharmacodynamic interactions of remifentanil and its
      major metabolite, GR90291, in a rat electroencephalographic model. METHODS:
      Remifentanil and GR90291 were administered according to a stepwise infusion
      scheme. The time course of the electroencephalographic effect (0.5-4.5 Hz) was
      determined in conjunction with concentrations of the parent drug and the
      metabolite in blood. RESULTS: Administration of remifentanil resulted in
      concentrations of remifentanil and GR90291 in the ranges 0-120 ng/ml and 0-850
      ng/ml, respectively. When the metabolite was administered, concentrations of the
      metabolite in the range 0-220 microg/ml and no measurable concentrations of
      remifentanil were observed. The mean +/- SE values of the pharmacokinetic
      parameters clearance and volume of distribution at steady state were 920+/-110 ml
      x min(-1) x kg(-1) and 1.00+/-0.93 l/kg for remifentanil and 15+/-2 ml x min(-1)
      x kg(-1) and 0.56+/-0.08 l/kg for GR90291. The relative free concentrations in
      the brain, as determined on the basis of the cerebrospinal fluid/total blood
      concentration ratio at steady state, were 25+/-5% and 0.30+/-0.11% for
      remifentanil and GR90291, respectively. Concentration-electroencephalographic
      effect relations were characterized on the basis of the sigmoidal Emax
      pharmacodynamic model. The mean +/- SE values for the maximal effect (Emax), the
      concentration at which 50% of the maximal effect is obtained (EC50), and Hill
      factor for remifentanil were 109+/-12 microV, 9.4+/-0.9 ng/ml, and 2.2+/-0.3,
      respectively (n = 8). For GR90291, the mean +/- SE values for EC50 and the Hill
      factor were 103,000+/-9,000 microg/ml and 2.5+/-0.4, respectively (n = 6).
      CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the data on the basis of a previously postulated,
      mechanism-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for synthetic opioids
      revealed that the low in vivo potency of GR90291 can be explained by a low
      affinity to the mu-opioid receptor in combination with a poor brain penetration.

PMID- 9952163
TI  - GAS-1: a mitochondrial protein controls sensitivity to volatile anesthetics in
      the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Mutations in several genes of Caenorhabditis elegans confer altered
      sensitivities to volatile anesthetics. A mutation in one gene, gas-1(fc21),
      causes animals to be immobilized at lower concentrations of all volatile
      anesthetics than in the wild-type, and it does not depend on mutations in other
      genes to control anesthetic sensitivity. gas-1 confers different sensitivities to
      stereoisomers of isoflurane, and thus may be a direct target for volatile
      anesthetics. The authors have cloned and characterized the gas-1 gene and the
      mutant allele fc21. METHODS: Genetic techniques for nematodes were as previously
      described. Polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, and other molecular biology
      techniques were performed by standard methods. Mutant rescue was done by
      injecting DNA fragments into the gonad of mutant animals and scoring the
      offspring for loss of the mutant phenotype. RESULTS: The gas-1 gene was cloned
      and identified. The protein GAS-1 is a homologue of the 49-kDa (IP) subunit of
      the mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone-oxidoreductase (complex I of the respiratory
      chain). gas-1(fc21) is a missense mutation replacing a strictly conserved
      arginine with lysine. CONCLUSIONS: The function of the 49-kDa (IP) subunit of
      complex I is unknown. The finding that mutations in complex I increase
      sensitivity of C elegans to volatile anesthetics may implicate this physiologic
      process in the determination of anesthetic sensitivity. The hypersensitivity of
      animals with a mutation in the gas-1 gene may be caused by a direct anesthetic
      effect on a mitochondrial protein or secondary effects at other sites caused by
      mitochondrial dysfunction.

PMID- 9952164
TI  - Effects of xenon on the performance of various respiratory flowmeters.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The anesthetic gas xenon has distinctly different physical properties
      compared with air, nitrous oxide, or oxygen. This led us to predict that xenon
      would affect the performance of commercially available flowmeters. METHODS: Flow
      was generated by an anesthesia ventilator connected to a lung simulator via a
      semiclosed breathing circuit. With the system filled with air or with various
      concentrations of xenon or nitrous oxide in a balance of oxygen, the tidal volume
      was measured with two rotating vanes, a Pitot tube, a variable-orifice flowmeter,
      and two constant-temperature hot-wire flowmeters. RESULTS: Although xenon
      minimally affected both rotating vane flowmeters, it caused the Pitot tube and
      the variable-orifice flowmeters to overread in proportion to the square root of
      the density of the gas mixture used (xenon is 4.6 times more dense than air). In
      contrast, the hot-wire anemometers underread with xenon; for example, their
      readings in the presence of 45% and 70% xenon were less than 10% of those
      displayed when air was used. Nitrous oxide minimally affected all the flowmeters
      except the variable-orifice device. The Pitot flowmeter was also affected, but
      only when its gas analyzer port was open to the ambient air so that it no longer
      corrected its readings for changes in gas composition. In these cases, nitrous
      oxide produced overreadings in the same manner as did xenon. CONCLUSION: Among
      the four types of flowmeters studied, only the rotating-vane type is sufficiently
      accurate for use during anesthesia with xenon.

PMID- 9952165
TI  - Systemic air embolism after lung trauma.
AB  - Systemic air or gas embolism has been increasingly recognized as a complication
      of serious chest trauma and often presents with catastrophic circulatory and
      cerebral events. The classic findings are hemoptysis, sudden cardiac or cerebral
      dysfunction after initiation of PPV, air in retinal vessels, and air in arterial
      aspirations. The clinician must be wary of more subtle presentations. Several
      diagnostic tools (TEE, Doppler, CT) can detect intracardiac and cerebral air, but
      they may not be necessary to confirm the diagnosis of SAE. Cessation of SAE is
      essential for successful resuscitation. In those with unilateral lung injury,
      this can theoretically be achieved by isolating and ventilating the noninjured
      lung. Sole reliance on immediate thoracotomy for hilar clamping to stem the flow
      of gas emboli is a concept that needs to be challenged. Whether airway and
      ventilation interventions will eliminate, delay, or decrease the need for
      thoracotomy and improve the prognosis of SAE remains to be seen. There is little
      reported in the literature regarding such interventions. Airway management of a
      patient at risk for SAE should include a technique that can selectively ventilate
      each lung. Patients with bilateral sources of SAE may benefit from the avoidance
      of high airway pressures. Regional anesthesia should be considered when
      appropriate. HBOT is useful in managing cerebral air embolism and should be
      incorporated as soon as possible. Clinicians involved in trauma care must be
      familiar with SAE. By adopting a problem-based solution through innovative airway
      and ventilation management, anesthesiologists may significantly alter and improve
      the morbidity and mortality rate of SAE resulting from chest trauma.

PMID- 9952166
TI  - A review of the use of fentanyl analgesia in the management of acute pain in
      adults.

PMID- 9952167
TI  - Practice guidelines for obstetrical anesthesia: a report by the American Society
      of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Obstetrical Anesthesia.

PMID- 9952169
TI  - Intraoperative burns secondary to warmed i.v. bags: a warning.

PMID- 9952168
TI  - Severe carbon monoxide poisoning during desflurane anesthesia.

PMID- 9952170
TI  - Application of cell-salvage during cesarean section.

PMID- 9952171
TI  - Epidural anesthesia in a parturient with a lumboperitoneal shunt.

PMID- 9952172
TI  - Complete atrioventricular block and cardiac arrest following intravenous
      famotidine administration.

PMID- 9952173
TI  - The coexistence of portopulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome.

PMID- 9952174
TI  - Brain death during anesthesia due to undiagnosed meningeal carcinomatosis of
      gastric adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 9952175
TI  - Plus ca change.

PMID- 9952176
TI  - Missing documentation.

PMID- 9952177
TI  - Cost-efficient carbon dioxide monitoring via nasal cannula.

PMID- 9952178
TI  - Jetting lidocaine through the atomizer.

PMID- 9952179
TI  - Use of a modified lightwand for nasal intubation.

PMID- 9952180
TI  - Pacer-induced artifact in the bispectral index during cardiac surgery.

PMID- 9952181
TI  - Endotracheal tube damage in the presence of bite block.

PMID- 9952182
TI  - Postoperative myocardial infarction (PMI) after noncardiac surgery.

PMID- 9952183
TI  - A piece of my mind. A vision of health care for the next millennium.

PMID- 9952184
TI  - George D. Lundberg ousted as JAMA editor.

PMID- 9952185
TI  - Renewed efforts to improve the quality of health care.

PMID- 9952186
TI  - Report offers vision for microbicide development.

PMID- 9952187
TI  - New advocates of adequate treatment say have no fear of pain or of prosecution.

PMID- 9952188
TI  - From the Food and Drug Administration.

PMID- 9952189
TI  - From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Progress toward eliminating
      Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among infants and children--United States,
      1987-1997.

PMID- 9952190
TI  - From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. False-positive laboratory
      tests for Cryptosporidium involving an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay--United
      States, November 1997-March 1998.

PMID- 9952191
TI  - Coronary events with lipid-lowering therapy: the AFCAPS/TexCAPS trial. Air
      Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study.

PMID- 9952192
TI  - Coronary events with lipid-lowering therapy: the AFCAPS/TexCAPS trial. Air
      Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study.

PMID- 9952193
TI  - Coronary events with lipid-lowering therapy: the AFCAPS/TexCAPS trial. Air
      Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study.

PMID- 9952194
TI  - Coronary events with lipid-lowering therapy: the AFCAPS/TexCAPS trial. Air
      Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study.

PMID- 9952195
TI  - Coronary events with lipid-lowering therapy: the AFCAPS/TexCAPS trial. Air
      Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study.

PMID- 9952196
TI  - Coronary events with lipid-lowering therapy: the AFCAPS/TexCAPS trial. Air
      Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study.

PMID- 9952197
TI  - Coronary events with lipid-lowering therapy: the AFCAPS/TexCAPS trial. Air
      Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study.

PMID- 9952198
TI  - Coronary events with lipid-lowering therapy: the AFCAPS/TexCAPS trial. Air
      Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study.

PMID- 9952199
TI  - Educating physicians to prevent sex-related contact with patients.

PMID- 9952200
TI  - Hemodynamic factors and symptomatic carotid artery occlusion.

PMID- 9952201
TI  - Sildenafil for treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes: a
      randomized controlled trial. Sildenafil Diabetes Study Group.
AB  - CONTEXT: Erectile dysfunction is common in men with diabetes. OBJECTIVE: To
      assess the efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil citrate in the treatment of
      erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes. DESIGN: A multicenter, randomized,
      double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible dose-escalation study conducted May
      through November 1996. SETTING: Patients' homes and 19 clinical practice centers
      in the United States. PATIENTS: A total of 268 men (mean age, 57 years) with
      erectile dysfunction (mean duration, 5.6 years) and diabetes (mean duration, 12
      years). INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized to receive sildenafil (n = 136)
      or placebo (n = 132) as needed, but not more than once daily, for 12 weeks.
      Patients took the study drug or placebo 1 hour before anticipated sexual
      activity. The starting dose of sildenafil citrate was 50 mg, with the option to
      adjust the dose to 100 mg or 25 mg based on efficacy and tolerability, to be
      taken as needed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported ability to achieve and
      maintain an erection for sexual intercourse according to the International Index
      of Erectile Function and adverse events. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty-two patients
      (94%) completed the study (131/136 in the sildenafil group, 121/132 in the
      placebo group). By intention-to-treat analysis, at 12 weeks, 74 (56%) of 131
      patients in the sildenafil group reported improved erections compared with 13
      (10%) of 127 patients in the placebo group (P<.001). The proportion of men with
      at least 1 successful attempt at sexual intercourse was 61 % (71/ 117) for the
      sildenafil group vs 22% (25/114) for the placebo group (P<.001). Adverse events
      related to treatment were reported for 22 (16%) of 136 patients taking sildenafil
      and 1 (1%) of 132 patients receiving placebo. The most common adverse events were
      headache (11% sildenafil, 2% placebo), dyspepsia (9% sildenafil, 0% placebo), and
      respiratory tract disorder (6% sildenafil, 2% placebo), predominantly sinus
      congestion or drainage. The incidence of cardiovascular adverse events was
      comparable for both groups (3% sildenafil, 5% placebo). CONCLUSION: Oral
      sildenafil is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for erectile dysfunction
      in men with diabetes.

PMID- 9952202
TI  - Antibiotics and risk of subsequent first-time acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - CONTEXT: Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis of a causal association
      between certain bacterial infections and increased risk of developing acute
      myocardial infarction. If such a causal association exists, subjects who used
      antibiotics active against the bacteria, regardless of indication, might be at
      lower risk of developing acute myocardial infarction than nonusers. OBJECTIVE: To
      determine whether previous use of antibiotics decreases the risk of developing a
      first-time acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN: Population-based case-control
      analysis. SETTING: The United Kingdom-based General Practice Research Database
      comprising 350 general practices. PATIENTS: A total of 3315 case patients aged 75
      years or younger with a diagnosis of first-time acute myocardial infarction
      between 1992 and 1997 and 13139 controls without myocardial infarction matched to
      cases for age, sex, general practice attended, and calendar time. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: Use of antibiotics among those who did or did not have a first-time
      acute myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Cases were significantly less likely to
      have used tetracycline antibiotics (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.70; 95%
      confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.90) or quinolones (adjusted OR, 0.45; 95% CI,
      0.21-0.95). No effect was found for previous use of macrolides (primarily
      erythromycin), sulfonamides, penicillins, or cephalosporins. CONCLUSIONS: The
      findings from this large case-control analysis provide further, albeit indirect,
      evidence for an association between bacterial infections with organisms
      susceptible to tetracycline or quinolone antibiotics and the risk of acute
      myocardial infarction. These results of preliminary nature should stimulate more
      research to further explore the role of infections in the etiology of acute
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 9952203
TI  - Association of managed care market share and health expenditures for fee-for
      service Medicare patients.
AB  - CONTEXT: Managed care has the potential to transform fundamentally the structure
      and functioning of the entire health care system, including the care provided to
      patients who are not enrolled in managed care plans. OBJECTIVE: To determine
      whether increasing health maintenance organization (HMO) market share is
      associated with decreased expenditures for the care of patients covered by
      Medicare's traditional fee-for-service plan, a group cared for well outside the
      boundaries of managed care. DESIGN AND SETTING: Data from the Health Care
      Financing Administration were used to compare expenditures for the care of
      Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries for 802 market areas, representing the
      entire United States, for 1990 to 1994. These data were matched with data on
      system-wide (Medicare and non-Medicare) HMO market share in these areas.
      PATIENTS: All fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries (1990-1994) except for those
      with end-stage renal disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Average fee-for-service
      expenditure per fee-for-service Medicare beneficiary by market area. RESULTS: In
      a regression model, increases in system-wide HMO market share were associated
      with declines in both Part A and Part B fee-for-service expenditures per Medicare
      beneficiary (P<.001). Increases from 10% market share to 20% market share were
      associated with 2.0% decreases in Part A fee-for-service expenditures and 1.5%
      decreases in Part B fee-for-service expenditures. CONCLUSIONS: Managed care can
      have widespread effects on the health care system. Health care for individuals
      who are not covered by managed care organizations can be influenced by the
      presence of managed care. Lower expenditures in areas with high HMO market shares
      may indicate that traditional Medicare beneficiaries in areas with high market
      shares received fewer or less intensive services than traditional Medicare
      beneficiaries in other areas.

PMID- 9952204
TI  - Current and remote blood pressure and cognitive decline.
AB  - CONTEXT: Previous studies raise the possibility that blood pressure (BP) in
      middle age predicts later cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE: To examine prospectively
      the relationship of BP with level of and change in cognitive function in the
      elderly. DESIGN: Longitudinal, population-based study comprising subjects
      enrolled in the East Boston component of the Established Populations for the
      Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (EPESE) (1982-1983) and the Hypertension
      Detection and Follow-Up Program (HDFP) (1973-1974). SETTING: East Boston, Mass.
      PARTICIPANTS: Of the 3657 participants in the EPESE with baseline BP
      measurements, 2068 also participated in the HDFP. Subjects were aged 65 to 102
      years at baseline in the EPESE and had mental status and memory assessed at
      baseline and 3 and 6 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers of errors on the Short
      Portable Mental Status Questionnaire and the East Boston Memory Test and rates of
      change in these numbers of errors. Subjects had BP measured both at baseline in
      the EPESE and 9 years before, as part of the HDFP. RESULTS: In analyses adjusted
      for age, sex, and education, there was no strong linear association between BP
      and cognition. The associations found were fairly small in magnitude, and varied
      according to which test was used to measure cognition. There was little evidence
      for an effect of BP on change in cognitive function with either test, or for an
      effect on level of function on the memory test. In analyses of level of mental
      status questionnaire performance, however, elevated systolic BP (> or =160 mm Hg)
      9 years before baseline was associated with a 14% (95% confidence interval [CI],
      4%-25%) increase in error rate, relative to the referent (130-139 mm Hg).
      Baseline systolic BP had a U-shaped association with the number of errors; error
      rates were 9% higher compared with the referent group among those with systolic
      BP lower than 130 mm Hg (95% CI, 1%-17%) and 7% greater (95% CI, 0%-15%) among
      those with elevated systolic BP. Diastolic BP 9 years before baseline also had a
      U-shaped association with errors on the mental status questionnaire. CONCLUSION:
      The findings do not suggest a linear association of BP with cognitive decline,
      but they are consistent with a more complex relationship between BP and cognition
      than previously appreciated.

PMID- 9952205
TI  - Avoiding the unintended consequences of growth in medical care: how might more be
      worse?
AB  - The United States has experienced dramatic growth in both the technical
      capabilities and share of resources devoted to medical care. While the benefits
      of more medical care are widely recognized, the possibility that harm may result
      from growth has received little attention. Because harm from more medical care is
      unexpected, findings of harm are discounted or ignored. We suggest that such
      findings may indicate a more general problem and deserve serious consideration.
      First, we delineate 2 levels of decision making where more medical care may be
      introduced: (1) decisions about whether or not to use a discrete diagnostic or
      therapeutic intervention and (2) decisions about whether to add system capacity,
      eg, the decision to purchase another scanner or employ another physician. Second,
      we explore how more medical care at either level may lead to harm. More diagnosis
      creates the potential for labeling and detection of pseudodisease--disease that
      would never become apparent to patients during their lifetime without testing.
      More treatment may lead to tampering, interventions to correct random rather than
      systematic variation, and lower treatment thresholds, where the risks outweigh
      the potential benefits. Because there are more diagnoses to treat and more
      treatments to provide, physicians may be more likely to make mistakes and to be
      distracted from the issues of greatest concern to their patients. Finally, we
      turn to the fundamental challenge--reducing the risk of harm from more medical
      care. We identify 4 ways in which inadequate information and improper reasoning
      may allow harmful practices to be adopted-a constrained model of disease,
      excessive extrapolation, a missing level of analysis, and the assumption that
      more is better.

PMID- 9952206
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis in middle age.

PMID- 9952207
TI  - JAMA and editorial independence.

PMID- 9952208
TI  - Antibiotics for prevention of myocardial infarction? Not yet!

PMID- 9952209
TI  - The economist's model of physician behavior.

PMID- 9952210
TI  - Treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes.

PMID- 9952211
TI  - Serpents, staffs, and the emblems of medicine.

PMID- 9952212
TI  - Aesculapius: a modern tale.

PMID- 9952213
TI  - The white coat: why not follow suit?

PMID- 9952214
TI  - Rejuvenating the symbols of medicine.

PMID- 9952215
TI  - JAMA patient page: blood pressure.

PMID- 9952217
TI  - Bile acid malabsorption as a cause of chronic diarrhea: diagnostic value of
      7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one in serum.
AB  - To evaluate the usefulness of 7a-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (HCO) serum
      concentrations as a diagnostic marker of bile acid malabsorption, we determined
      the reference range of HCO in 106 normal subjects (age 40.2+/-16.8 years; 55
      women, 51 men) and conducted a utility study in 23 patients with chronic diarrhea
      of unknown origin (age 49.4+/-15.3 years, 13 women, 10 men). The diagnosis of
      bile acid malabsorption was made on the basis of a decreased retention of
      [75Se]homocholyltaurine after oral application (75SeHCAT test). HCO (reference
      range: 6-48 ng/ml) and the 75SeHCAT test yielded the same results in 19/23 (83%)
      patients. Bile acid malabsorption was identified by an increase of HCO in serum
      with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 79%. Analysis of HCO in serum may
      serve as a novel, simple, and sensitive method for the detection of bile acid
      malabsorption in patients with chronic diarrhea of unknown origin.

PMID- 9952216
TI  - Relationship of extraintestinal involvements in inflammatory bowel disease: new
      insights into autoimmune pathogenesis.
AB  - Extraintestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
      are quite common (about 25%) and careful clinical observation and statistical
      analysis during the last five decades have demonstrated that in colitis
      associated extraintestinal complications, the organs most commonly involved are
      the biliary tract, joints, skin, and eyes. However, almost all organs can be
      involved in IBD. Some of the extraintestinal manifestations may precede IBD,
      although the majority accompany the underlying disease and are influenced by its
      activity. Prompt recognition of extracolonic organ involvement in IBD is
      important because of the relative refractoriness of the disease and a possible
      increase in morbidity and mortality. The identified pathogenetic autoimmune
      mechanisms include genetic susceptibility, cytokine imbalances, antigenic display
      of autoantigen, aberrant self-recognition, and immunopathogenetic autoantibodies
      against organ-specific cellular antigen(s) shared by colon and extracolonic
      organs. Microbes may play an important role, probably by molecular mimicry.

PMID- 9952218
TI  - Central modulation of rectal distension-induced blood pressure changes by
      alosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.
AB  - Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) represents one of the most common gastrointestinal
      related diagnoses. Although the precise etiologic basis of IBS is not known, a
      common presenting symptom is abdominal pain or discomfort that is thought to
      develop, at least in part, from a heightened awareness of visceral nociceptive
      input. Agents capable of reducing this heightened visceral nociception would,
      therefore, have utility in the treatment of IBS. In this study we evaluated the
      effects of intravenous and intracerebroventricular administration of a 5-HT3
      receptor antagonist, alosetron, on blood pressure changes associated with rectal
      distension in anesthetized and awake dogs. This vasoactive reflex serves as a
      model for visceral nociception. For intracerebroventricular studies, the
      cerebroventricular guides were placed over the lateral ventricle. In anesthetized
      studies, blood pressure was measured by femoral artery cannulation. In awake
      studies, blood pressure was monitored by noninvasive measurement. A rectal
      balloon was placed in the rectum of each dog and maintained throughout the
      experiments. Each dose of alosetron was given to the dogs as an intravenous or
      intracerebroventricular bolus, and every 30 min the rectal balloon was inflated
      and blood pressure responses observed. In both anesthetized and awake dogs
      alosetron produced a significant inhibition of the vasoactive reflex. In
      particular, alosetron showed high potency when administered
      intracerebroventricularly. Alosetron, administered either centrally or
      peripherally, appears to modulate the visceral nociceptive effect of rectal
      distension in dogs.

PMID- 9952219
TI  - Identification and characterization of a novel rat triosephosphate isomerase gene
      in remnant ileum after massive small bowel resection.
AB  - This paper describes the identification and characterization of a novel cDNA
      encoding a putative protein of 254 amino acids that is highly homologous to
      triosephosphate isomerase. The cDNA was isolated by subtractive hybridization and
      was differentially expressed in the remnant rat ileum after massive small bowel
      resection. The novel triosephosphate isomerase was named rsTPI (resection-induced
      TPI) and the putative protein encoded RSTPI. The nucleotide and amino acid
      sequences of rsTPI and RSTPI were about 60% and 62% homologous to Giardia lamblia
      TPI and TPI, respectively. Active catalytic sites (Lys 13, His 95, and Glu 167)
      and the peptide motifs, AYEPVWSIGT and GGASLKPEF found in other triosephosphate
      isomerases were conserved in RSTPI. rsTPI expression was detected in normal ileum
      and pancreas by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Expression of
      rsTPI in remnant rat ileum was detectable by northern blot analysis one week
      after massive small bowel resection. Expression increased significantly by 2.8
      fold between one and two weeks after surgery. High levels were maintained for at
      least one month after surgery. The up-regulation of triosephosphate isomerase
      expression in the remnant small intestine after massive resection indicates that
      it may play an important role in the adaptive process.

PMID- 9952220
TI  - Characterization of early developmental pattern of expression of
      neurotensin/neuromedin N gene in foregut and midgut.
AB  - The gut endocrine gene, neurotensin (NT/N), is expressed in a strict temporally
      and spatially specific pattern. Utilizing a sensitive reverse transcription
      polymerase chain reaction procedure, we analyzed foregut and midgut organs for
      NT/N expression, determined the earliest apparent time point that NT/N is
      expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and compared the temporal relationship of
      NT/N with other genes. NT/N expression was detected in the fetal and early
      postnatal stomach. In the small bowel, NT/N was expressed at the earliest fetal
      time (14 days) that the small bowel could be reliably delineated from other gut
      organs; in contrast, expression of sucrase-isomaltase was only apparent at 28
      days after birth. NT/N was expressed in the fetal (12, 14 and 16 days) liver and
      then again on days 3 and 7 after birth; however, NT/N was detected only in the
      fetal (14 and 16 days) pancreas. Finally, NT/N expression was first detected at
      approximately 12 days gestation in the primitive foregut and midgut, thus
      occurring significantly earlier than actual intestinal cytodifferentiation. NT/N
      is widely expressed in the gastrointestinal tract during fetal development,
      suggesting the presence of a shared ancestral stem cell; NT/N expression is then
      restricted to the small bowel of the adult. The determination of the cellular
      factors regulating the expression of NT/N will provide a better understanding of
      the mechanisms responsible for the strict patterning of gene expression in the
      gastrointestinal tract and possibly gut differentiation.

PMID- 9952221
TI  - The utilization of colon transit scintigraphy in the diagnostic algorithm for
      patients with chronic constipation.
AB  - We performed a retrospective utilization study covering a four-year period to
      determine how physicians familiar with colon transit scintigraphy (CTS) use it to
      manage patients with chronic constipation. Following CTS, there was a change is
      both frequency and likelihood of diagnosis. The diagnosis was changed in 51% of
      patients-37% of those considered to have slow transit constipation (STC) before
      CTS, 43% with obstructed defecation, and 64% with functional bowel disease (FBD).
      CTS increased the diagnostic likelihood in all groups. Of patients with the
      diagnosis of STC, 16% were considered "almost certain" before CTS while 83% were
      considered "almost certain" after CTS. For FBD comparable percentages were 13%
      and 62%. CTS may play a major role in the diagnostic work-up of patients with
      chronic constipation, both altering diagnosis and increasing diagnostic
      certainty.

PMID- 9952222
TI  - Respiratory distress during mesalamine therapy.

PMID- 9952223
TI  - Effect of acute hyperglycemia on jejunal compliance and peristaltic reflex in
      healthy humans.
AB  - Acute hyperglycemia has been shown to affect gastric motor function and colonic
      peristaltic reflex, but little is known about its effects on the small bowel. Our
      aim was to determine the effect of experimentally induced acute hyperglycemia on
      small bowel compliance and peristaltic reflex. Ten healthy subjects were studied
      during euglycemia and induced hyperglycemia. Sequential balloon inflation in the
      jejunum was used to determine pressure-volume relationships. The frequency of
      jejunal contractions and motility index proximal and distal to a distending
      balloon were measured for assessment of the peristaltic reflex. The intestinal
      pressure-volume relationship was not affected by hyperglycemia (In
      pressure/volume 0.084+/-0.006 vs 0.096+/-0.006, P = 0.19). During hyperglycemia,
      there was significantly more distal inhibition of frequency of contractions
      (51.0+/-26.6% vs 26.7+/-22.3%, P < 0.05) and of motility index (18.8+/-10.8% and
      10+/-6.4, P < 0.05) in response to balloon inflation. We conclude that in the
      small bowel of healthy subjects, experimentally induced acute hyperglycemia has
      no effect on compliance and little effect on enteric nerve function.

PMID- 9952224
TI  - Effects of electroacupuncture on gastric migrating myoelectrical complex in dogs.
AB  - The aim-of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the gastric slow
      wave during different phases of the migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC) and the
      effect of electroacupuncture on the MMC. The experiment was performed in eight
      hound dogs implanted with one pair of bipolar serosal electrodes 2 cm proximal to
      the pylorus. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded for three complete
      cycles of the MMC in two sessions, one with electroacupuncture at points ST36 and
      PC6 and the other at sham points. The acupuncture was performed for 30 min in
      phase I of the second cycle of the MMC. Spectral analysis was performed to
      compute the frequency and power (amplitude) of the gastric slow wave, whereas
      blind visual analysis was applied to compute the appearance of spike potentials
      and the length of each phase of the MMC. It was found that there was a
      significant difference in the frequency and power of the gastric slow wave during
      different phases of the MMC (P < 0.05). Phase I was characterized with the
      highest frequency and lowest power of the gastric slow wave, whereas phase III
      exhibited the highest power in the slow wave. It was also found that in
      comparison with the sham points, electroacupuncture at the acupoints increased
      the number of spike bursts. This increase was not significant during the MMC
      cycle with electroacupuncture (34.4+/-4.1 vs 27.5+/-2.5%, P > 0.05) but became
      significant during the cycle after electroacupuncture (39.8+/-3.3% vs 27.5+/
      2.5%, P < 0.0005). Similarly, during the MMC cycle after electroacupuncture at
      the acupoints, there was a significant decrease in the length of phase I (14.8+/
      2.2 vs 46.9+/-6.1 min, P < 0.003) and a significant increase in the length of
      phase II (75.6+/-9.9 vs 30.6+/-4.1 min, P < 0.003) and phase III (25.8+/-0.6 vs
      22.1+/-0.7 min, P < 0.003). A similar increase was observed during the MMC cycle
      with electroacupuncture but was not statistically significant. In conclusion, the
      gastric slow wave has the highest power during phase III of the MMC, indicating
      that the antral contraction is characterized not only by the appearance of
      spikes, but also by the increased power of the slow wave. Electroacupuncture at
      acupoints of ST36 and PC6 enhances the gastric MMC by reducing the length of
      phase I and increasing the length of phases II and III.

PMID- 9952225
TI  - Factors affecting outcome following proximal and distal intestinal resection in
      the dog: an examination of the relative roles of mucosal adaptation, motility,
      luminal factors, and enteric peptides.
AB  - In the clinical setting, resection of the ileum results in an inferior functional
      outcome compared to jejunal resection. This may be related to a greater adaptive
      capacity of the ileum, intrinsic structural and functional differences, or
      regional differences in motor and hormonal function. Our aim was to evaluate the
      relative contributions of these factors to functional outcome after resection of
      the proximal or distal intestine. Twenty-four dogs underwent either intestinal
      transection or 50% resection of the proximal or distal intestine. Studies
      (nutritional status, absorption, adaptation, motility, peptide levels) were
      performed every four weeks until the animals were killed at 12 weeks. Caloric
      intake was similar in all four groups. Weight loss was greater and more sustained
      after distal resection (DR). Serum cholesterol levels decreased significantly
      only in the DR group. While stool weight and moisture were similar, the DR
      animals had persistent, significant steatorrhea. Intraluminal anaerobic bacteria
      and SCFA concentrations were significantly greater in the ileum but were not
      influenced by resection. Intestinal remnant length increased to a greater extent
      after proximal resection (PR), but circumference increased to a similar extent
      after both resections. Villus height and crypt depth increased significantly only
      after PR. MMC frequency was similar in all four groups. In the DR animals 26% of
      migrating motor complexes (MMCs) originated within the remnant. The jejunal
      remnant of these animals had a dominance of cluster activity similar to the
      intact distal ileum. Following PR, the postprandial motilin response was
      decreased. After DR, there were transient increases in neurotensin and PYY. Of
      the various factors evaluated, mucosal adaptation and the intestinal motor
      response appear most likely to explain the inferior nutritional and absorptive
      outcome associated with resection of the distal small intestine.

PMID- 9952226
TI  - Effect of 5-fluorouracil on gastrointestinal carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl
      N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in rats.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the effect of 5-fluorouracil on
      gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. Sixty rats were divided into three groups of 20
      rats each. All rats were exposed to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine for the
      first 20 weeks. Group 1 rats received intraperitoneal injections of 5
      fluorouracil for the first 20 weeks and were then observed for the second 20
      weeks. Group 2 rats also received 5-fluorouracil injections, but for the second
      20 weeks. Group 3 rats received no 5-fluorouracil treatment. Four of 20 rats in
      group 1 developed an invasive adenocarcinoma. In group 3, invasive squamous cell
      carcinoma and adenocarcinoma developed in one rat each. None of the group 2 rats
      had malignant lesions. These results suggested that 5-fluorouracil is not
      effective in suppressing the initial stage of gastrointestinal carcinogenesis
      with a coexisting carcinogen. Rather, the therapeutic effect is exerted in later
      stages of tumor progression.

PMID- 9952227
TI  - Effect of pancreatic juice reflux into biliary tract on N-nitrosobis(2
      oxopropyl)amine (BOP)-induced biliary carcinogenesis in Syrian hamsters.
AB  - To elucidate the possible role of pancreatic juice reflux into the biliary tract
      in promoting the development of biliary carcinoma, Syrian hamsters were subjected
      to cholecystoduodenostomy and ligation of the distal end of the common duct and
      then subcutaneously injected with N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP)
      (experimental group). The incidences of gallbladder carcinoma and extrahepatic
      bile duct carcinoma in the experimental group was significantly higher than in
      the sham-operated group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The proliferating cell nuclear
      antigen (PCNA) labeling indices of both regions gradually increased with time,
      and were significantly higher in the experimental group at weeks 9 and 16 than in
      the sham-operated group at the same time. Trypsin and phospholipase A2 (PLA2)
      activities in bile and tissue levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the
      gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts were higher in the experimental group
      than in the sham-operated group. These findings suggest that the carcinogenic
      effect of BOP was enhanced in biliary epithelium that had proliferated in
      response to and/or had been injured by activated pancreatic enzymes refluxing
      into the biliary tract and then increased free radical activity, leading to a
      high frequency of carcinoma development in the biliary tract.

PMID- 9952229
TI  - Helicobacter pylori infection in elderly people: does quantitative serological
      testing predict gastroduodenal ulcer disease?
AB  - Invasive diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease in the aged often carries an increased
      risk. Recently a correlation between high IgG serum antibody concentrations
      against H. pylori and a clinical diagnosis has been reported. In this study, we
      attempted to establish a relationship between the magnitude of serum IgG antibody
      to H. pylori and the endoscopic diagnoses in H. pylori-infected elderly patients.
      All the patients aged 60 or older were entered into the study prospectively.
      Those patients who had ulcerogenic medications or H. pylori eradication therapy
      prior to testing, or who were seronegative for H. pylori were excluded.
      Endoscopic diagnoses included duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, presence of both
      gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, gastroduodenal erosions, and nonulcer
      dyspepsia. H. pylori IgG serology was determined by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay with values of greater than 50 units/ml being seropositive.
      In all, 182 seropositive elderly patients were recruited. The age was 68.8+/-6.7
      (mean+/-SD) years (range = 60-94 years). The serum IgG titers ranged from 51
      units/ml to 800 units/ml with a peak frequency at 50-99 units/ml (30.8%). The
      quantitation of H. pylori IgG values and the endoscopic diagnoses failed to
      demonstrate any relationship of statistical significance. Our results indicate
      that the magnitude of H. pyloni IgG serology cannot be used to predict the
      presence or absence of peptic ulcer disease in the elderly.

PMID- 9952228
TI  - Adenocarcinoid of ileum and appendix, incidentally discovered during exploratory
      laparotomy for gastric MALT lymphoma, with subsequent diffuse prostatic
      metastases: report of a case with light, immunohistochemical, and electron
      microscopic studies.
AB  - The diagnosis of adenocarcinoid (mucinous/goblet cell carcinoid) is usually
      unexpected by both clinicians and pathologists. We report here the case of a 74
      year-old man with gastric lymphoma (B-cell MALToma) diagnosed by endoscopy, who
      was found on exploratory laparotomy also to have extensive intraabdominal
      involvement by adenocarcinoid, arising from the ileum and/or appendix. The
      patient died two years after diagnosis with bladder outlet and small bowel
      obstruction due to diffuse metastases. In addition to mucin positivity,
      immunohistochemical stains demonstrated the tumor to be positive for
      chromogranin, synaptophysin, serotonin, gastrin, and glucagon. Of histogenetic
      interest, some individual neoplastic cells appeared to be positive for both mucin
      and chromogranin, and this was confirmed by the electron microscopic finding of
      microvilli, intracytoplasmic mucin droplets, and neurosecretory granules
      involving the same neoplastic cells. This also appears to be the first reported
      case of adenocarcinoid associated with lymphoma and demonstration of
      histochemical/immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence of cellular
      components with dual mucinous adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine features, and the
      second reported case to have prostatic metastases.

PMID- 9952230
TI  - One stomach--one strain: does Helicobacter pylori strain variation influence
      disease outcome?
AB  - The aim of the study was to determine inter- and intrapatient variation of
      Helicobacter pylori strains based on genomic fingerprinting and cagA (cytotoxin
      associated gene A) status. Ten bacterial colonies from each of 10 patients with
      gastric cancer (GC), 10 with duodenal ulcer (DU), and 10 with gastritis (GI) were
      used. The presence of the putative adhesin gene, the cagA gene, and the strain
      specific banding pattern obtained by arbitrary primed (AP-) PCR was analyzed.
      Genomic fingerprinting showed extensive interpatient variation, but the banding
      patterns obtained from colonies from the same patient were always identical
      (intrapatient variation). In five patients, the cagA status varied between the
      colonies despite identical banding patterns. Among patients in a developed
      country such as Sweden, the proportion with multiple-strain infection of H.
      pylori is low, but subclones with differing cagA status exist within the strain.

PMID- 9952231
TI  - Attenuation of hydrophobic phospholipid barrier is an early event in Helicobacter
      felis-induced gastritis in mice.
AB  - Helicobacter pylori infection has been linked to the development of gastritis
      which can then progress to a number of disease entities including peptic ulcer
      disease and gastric cancer. Since the pathogenic mechanism by which the bacteria
      causes gastritis is unresolved, we employed a model system, the H. felis-infected
      mouse to investigate the temporal relationship between bacterially-induced
      alterations in the hydrophobic phospholipid barrier of the stomach and the
      development of gastritis. In the present study, C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with
      10(9) CFU of H. felis and the changes in gastric wet weight, histology, surface
      hydrophobicity, phospholipid/phosphatidylcholine concentration, phospholipase A2
      activity, and the pH of collected gastric juice were measured 0.5-2 months
      postinoculation. In related experiments, we investigated the effects of treating
      H. felis infected mice with antibiotic/ bismuth therapy on the above gastric
      properties. It was determined that both gastric surface hydrophobicity and
      phospholipid composition were significantly attenuated as early as 2-4 weeks
      postinfection, preceding signs of mucosal inflammation and glandular atrophy as
      indicated by increases in gastric wet weight, pH and a disappearance in parietal
      cells. These early H. felis-induced changes in gastric surface hydrophobicity and
      phospholipid concentration were reversed by antibiotic/bismuth therapy. Based on
      these results we conclude that H. felis infection induces an early transformation
      of the stomach from a hydrophobic to an acid-sensitive hydrophilic state that may
      trigger the subsequent development of gastritis.

PMID- 9952232
TI  - Reactions from rat gastric mucosa during one year of Helicobacter pylori
      infection.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate responses from the gastric mucosa
      of rats during long-term H. pylori infection. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats
      were inoculated with a mouse-adapted strain of human H. pylori (vacA+, cagA+), 16
      uninfected rats served as controls. Three to six rats from each group were killed
      two weeks or two, six, or 12 months later. At sacrifice, blood was sampled and
      the gastric mucosa was taken for bacterial culture, histology,
      immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. H. pylori colonized the antrum in
      23/24 inoculated rats; with time the density of bacteria increased. The
      inflammation in the antral mucosa was mild to moderate and was dominated by
      infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages. Serum H. pylori-specific IgG2a was
      significantly increased in the infected rats. The frequency of epithelial cell
      apoptosis was significantly increased in the early months of infection. The
      mucosal expression of trefoil peptide mRNA remained unchanged. We conclude that
      after one year of H. pylori infection in rats, the mucosal responses were rather
      mild, indicating that the animals may adapt to the infection by mechanisms which
      remain to be identified.

PMID- 9952234
TI  - Histological esophagitis: clinical and histological response to omeprazole in
      children.
AB  - Many children with esophagitis demonstrate histological changes without gross
      evidence of esophagitis by esophagoscopy. The effect of omeprazole on the
      histological healing of esophagitis in children is unknown. Therefore, the aim of
      this study was to determine the effect of omeprazole on refractory histological
      esophagitis in pediatric patients. Eighteen patients with histological evidence
      of esophagitis and recurrent symptoms despite therapy with H2-receptor
      antagonists and prokinetic agents were prospectively treated with omeprazole.
      Dosing was adjusted by monitoring intragastric pH, and esophagoscopy was repeated
      after 8-12 weeks of omeprazole treatment. Two patients did not complete the study
      due to either worsening symptoms or hypergastrinemia. Of the remaining patients,
      76% were asymptomatic with omeprazole treatment and 24% reported improvement in
      their symptoms. Approximately 40% demonstrated complete histological healing of
      their esophagitis. Three patients (17%) had persistent elevations in serum
      gastrin levels while on omeprazole treatment, which was associated with both
      younger patient age and higher omeprazole dosing; however, all elevated gastrin
      levels returned to normal after discontinuation of the medication. All patients
      had recurrence of their symptoms after completing a course of omeprazole, even
      patients with complete histological healing. Omeprazole is efficacious in
      treating children with esophagitis refractory to H2-receptor antagonist and
      prokinetic agents. However, none of the patients were able to discontinue acid
      suppressive therapy even after documented healing of their esophagitis.

PMID- 9952233
TI  - Healing of severe esophagitis improves esophageal peristaltic dysfunction.
AB  - Reflux esophagitis is frequently associated with peristaltic dysfunction, which
      increases with the severity of inflammatory lesions. In order to assess
      peristaltic dysfunction with more accuracy before and after healing, we used a 24
      hr pH and pressure recording method. Nineteen patients (median age: 65, range: 33
      77) with stage II and III (Savary-Miller classification) esophagitis and
      peristaltic dysfunction were treated with 40 mg omeprazole for three to six
      months until complete endoscopic healing was achieved. Before treatment, median
      contraction amplitude was significantly lower than median contraction amplitude
      of a control group of comparable age [31 (21-53) versus 42 (21-77) mm Hg, P <
      0.01], as well as median percentage of peristaltic contractions [27 (16-63)
      versus 44 (11-56), P < 0.01]. At the end of treatment, a statistically
      significant improvement of esophageal motor functions was observed for both
      median contraction amplitude [38 (26-55), P = 0.001] and median percentage of
      peristaltic waves [45 (23-68), P = 0.0001]. The posttreatment values, although
      still low, were not significantly different from control values. In conclusion,
      complete healing of grade II and III esophagitis improves peristalsis.
      Inflammatory processes related to severe esophagitis may be involved in failed
      peristalsis and low contraction amplitude.

PMID- 9952235
TI  - Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux in acutely hospitalized patients.
AB  - Patients admitted acutely to hospital may be at risk of increased morbidity and
      mortality as a result of gastroesophageal reflux and its complications. The
      recognized association of gastroesophageal reflux with cardiac and respiratory
      disease, the use of drugs that reduce lower esophageal sphincter pressure, and
      the supine position in which many patients are nursed may increase the risk of
      gastroesophageal reflux. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and
      severity of refluxlike symptoms in a series of consecutive unselected patients
      admitted acutely through the accident and emergency department of a district
      general hospital and to study the effect of hospitalization on these symptoms.
      Patients were interviewed by questionnaire on two occasions: immediately
      following admission and again 7-10 days later. The frequency of symptoms of
      heartburn, acid regurgitation, dysphagia, nausea, and belching were recorded on a
      6-point scale, in addition to whether these symptoms occurred at night.
      Medication history, the number of days spent on bed rest, nasogastric intubation,
      and operation history were also recorded. In all, 275 patients were interviewed,
      of whom 229 had a second interview; 27% (62) had symptoms at least once a week
      (49% reported symptoms at least once a month) prior to admission, of whom 4% (9)
      had daily heartburn and/or acid regurgitation. Following admission to hospital
      there was a significant (P < 0.001) fall in the prevalence and frequency of
      refluxlike symptoms. There was a significant association of refluxlike symptoms
      with number of days spent in bed (P < 0.05) and with the use of nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory drugs in hospital (P < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis
      confirmed the association of NSAIDs with refluxlike symptoms. Nasogastric
      intubation and surgery were not associated with heartburn. In conclusion,
      symptoms of heartburn and acid regurgitation become less frequent following
      admission to hospital. This probably relates to a reduction in physical exertion
      following hospital admission but may reflect a reduction in anxiety levels or
      treatment of underlying disease. Patients on prolonged bed rest and those given
      non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are at increased risk of refluxlike
      symptoms and may require antireflux measures.

PMID- 9952236
TI  - Relationship of portal pressure and colorectal vasculopathy in patients with
      cirrhosis.
AB  - We studied the relationship between portal pressure and colorectal mucosal
      vascular lesions in cirrhotics and the effectiveness of drug therapy in treating
      these lesions. Colonoscopy and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) studies
      were performed in 21 cirrhotics. Oral spironolactone plus transdermal
      nitroglycerin were given to patients who had diffuse mucosal cherry-red spots
      and/or rectal varices. The colonoscopy and HVPG determinations were repeated
      after four weeks. Colonoscopic findings included vascular ectasias in 13 patients
      (62%), diffuse cherry-red spots in the rectum in five patients (24%), and rectal
      varices in eight patients (38%). Overall, colorectal mucosal vascular lesions
      were found in 16 cirrhotics (76%). These findings were not found in 21 age- and
      sex-matched noncirrhotic controls. Vascular ectasias appeared without
      relationship to the HVPG. Patients with diffuse cherry-red spots (N = 5, 22.4+/
      3.4 mm Hg) had a significantly higher HVPG than those without (N = 16, 16.6+/-3.3
      mm Hg, P < 0.01). However, no significant difference was found in HVPG between
      patients with rectal varices (N = 8, 19.4+/-4.6 mm Hg) and patients without
      rectal varices (N = 13, 17.2+/-3.8 mm Hg). After four weeks of drug therapy,
      diffuse cherry-red spots became less obvious when the HVPG decreased more than
      20%. Rectal varices did not change their appearance with HVPG reduction. We found
      that colorectal vascular lesions are common in cirrhotics. Diffuse cherry-red
      spots are probably dependent on elevated portal pressure, but vascular ectasias
      and rectal varices are not related to the degree of portal pressure. Chronic drug
      therapy with reduction of portal pressure improves colonoscopic findings such as
      diffuse cherry-red spots.

PMID- 9952237
TI  - Portohepatic gradient and portal hemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis due to
      hepatitis C virus infection.
AB  - We evaluated the agreement between wedged hepatic vein pressure (WHVP), portal
      vein pressure (PVP), and its relationship with portal hemodynamics in 21 patients
      with HCV-related cirrhosis with esophageal varices. Direct measurements of the
      portohepatic gradient (HVPG) were obtained by ultrasound-guided fine needle
      puncture of the right hepatic and the portal veins. In five cases PVP was 6.4
      10.4 mm Hg higher than WHVP. In 12 cases measurements were similar (WHVP - PVP <
      or = 3 mm Hg). In the remaining four cases WHVP was 3.6-9.6 mm Hg higher than
      PVP. WHVP and PVP agreement was not related to HVPG mean value, Child-Pugh score,
      or grading of esophageal varices. By contrast, the difference between WHVP and
      PVP was inversely related to the portal flow velocity (P = 0.053) and directly
      related to the portal vascular resistance (P = 0.02). Whereas the portal branches
      were visualized in patients with WHVP lower or similar to PVP, a predominant left
      portosystemic collateral flow was observed in patients with WHVP > PVP. Our data
      point out that, in patients with cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus infection,
      discrepant HVPG values reflect true hemodynamic differences.

PMID- 9952238
TI  - Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels before and during interferon
      treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
AB  - To determine the role of serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in chronic
      hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the level of serum sIL-2R was measured in sera
      of 105 patients with chronic HBV infection and in 21 healthy controls, using
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum sIL-2R levels were significantly higher
      in chronic HBV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis (508+/-310 units/ml) and
      liver cirrhosis (543+/-283 units/ml) than in healthy controls (331+/-106
      units/ml, P < 0.05). Moreover, serum sIL-2R levels were significantly higher in
      patients with chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis than in asymptomatic HBV
      carriers (341+/-150 units/ml, P < 0.01). There was no difference in serum sIL-2R
      levels between asymptomatic HBV carriers and healthy controls or between patients
      with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. A significant relationship was found
      between serum sIL-2R and ALT levels (P < 0.05) in patients with chronic HBV
      infection, although there was no correlation between sIL-2R and HBV DNA levels.
      Serum sIL-2R levels in most patients decreased to the same level as asymptomatic
      HBV carriers and healthy controls at 48 weeks after the end of treatment, and
      serum ALT and HBV DNA levels were decreased to within the normal range at 96
      weeks. Thus, serum sIL-2R levels indicate the degree of liver damage among
      patients with chronic HBV infection. The serum sIL-2R levels one year after
      interferon administration may be a useful marker of determined at the
      effectiveness by this treatment.

PMID- 9952239
TI  - Further studies on aminopeptidase-M in blood in children with cholestatic liver
      diseases and viral hepatitis.
AB  - Aim of this study was to determine and further characterize the serum
      aminopeptidase-M in children with liver diseases. Based on our new assay, we have
      shown two fractions of the enzyme. Activity of the first fraction is expressed in
      undiluted serum at pH adjusted from 8.5 (pH of storaged serum) to 7.4. Activity
      of the second fraction (cryptic activity) appears in the serum (pH 7.4) as a
      result of dilution and/or addition of aniline naphthalene sulfonic acid. In
      children with Alagille syndrome, extrahepatic biliary duct atresia, Byler's
      disease, and acute hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus infection, activities of
      both fractions are highly elevated as compared to healthy children or those with
      chronic viral hepatitis. Moreover, serum aminopeptidase-M seems to reflect other
      aspects of the pathological process than those reflected by the alanine
      aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Due to increased activity and
      broad substrate specificity, the enzyme seems to be also a cofactor of
      cholestasis and hepatitis.

PMID- 9952240
TI  - Transjugular liver biopsy in 52 patients with an automated Trucut-type needle.
AB  - A three-year prospective study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of
      transjugular liver biopsy with a Trucut-type needle employing an automated
      device. Fifty-two consecutive patients (39 women and 13 men), ages 46.3+/-14.6
      years, in whom percutaneous liver biopsy was contraindicated were included in the
      study. An 18-gauge transjugular hepatic needle with a 20-mm throw length, a
      cutting cannula at the distal end, and an automated trigger device on the
      proximal end was used. All procedures were performed under fluoroscopic control,
      and the following variables were assessed: (1) number of passes, (2) size and
      average number of the obtained fragments, (3) number of portal triads, and (4)
      adequacy of the specimen for histologic diagnosis. The procedure was successful
      in 49/52 patients, and all samples obtained were satisfactory for histologic
      analysis even when cirrhosis or bridging fibrosis were present. Mean biopsy
      specimen length was 1.7+/-0.88 cm; mean number of passes was 2.42+/-1.01, the
      mean number of biopsy fragments and portal triads per attempt were 2.5+/-1.01 and
      6.24+/-3.18, respectively. No major complications were observed. Transjugular
      hepatic biopsy with this new cutting system is an effective and safe procedure in
      patients with contraindication for percutaneous liver biopsy.

PMID- 9952241
TI  - Effect of octreotide (Sandostatin 201-995) on bile flow and bile components.
AB  - Octreotide (Sandostatin 201-995) has an inhibitory effect on gastric, intestinal,
      and pancreatic secretions and hepatic and splachnic blood flow. We examined the
      effects of octreotide on bile flow and bile components in 10 patients with T-tube
      choledochostomy. A Fogarty balloon catheter was inserted distal to the T-tube of
      these patients for measurement of bile flow and bile components. Bile samples
      were obtained to analyze bile acid, phospholipid, lipoprotein, and cholesterol,
      and bile flow measurements were performed every 15 min for a period of 90 min
      before study and after normal saline and octreotide administrations. While
      octreotide had an inhibitory effect on bile flow, the concentrations of bile
      acid, phospholipid, and lipoprotein in bile were increased with octreotide.

PMID- 9952242
TI  - Myasthenia gravis: another autoimmune disease associated with hepatitis C virus
      infection.
AB  - We report on a male Egyptian patient who developed myasthenia gravis with typical
      symptoms, beneficial response to pyridostigmine, and the presence of anti
      acetylcholine receptor antibodies and anti-striated muscle antibodies during the
      course of a chronic hepatitis C infection complicated by liver cirrhosis. As also
      reported for the herpes simplex and for the HIV virus, hepatitis C may lead to
      myasthenia gravis via a mechanism of cross-reactivity between viral epitopes and
      the acetylcholine receptor.

PMID- 9952243
TI  - Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy on in vitro gallbladder contractility in
      patients with cholesterol gallstones.
AB  - During treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), the fasting gallbladder volume
      increases by a yet unknown mechanism. The present study tests whether in vitro
      human gallbladder contractility in response to acetylcholine and cholecystokinin
      is affected by UDCA therapy. Gallbladder tissue was obtained from 15 patients
      treated with UDCA (10 mg/kg/day) during three weeks prior to surgery, and from 15
      comparable patients not treated. Data were correlated with in vivo contractility,
      bile composition, and gallbladder wall inflammation. The inflammation score was
      lower in the treated patient group. UDCA treatment enhanced gallbladder
      contractility in vitro: Dose-response curves for acetylcholine and
      cholecystokinin were both shifted to the left, and the maximal contractile stress
      generated in response to cholecystokinin was higher in the treated group, whereas
      the maximal acetylcholine-induced stress was not increased. Maximal
      cholecystokinin-induced stress correlated positively with fasting gallbladder
      volume and negatively with the biliary cholesterol saturation index, but not with
      bile salt hydrophobicity or gallbladder wall inflammation score. In conclusion,
      UDCA treatment improves in vitro gallbladder contractility, possibly related to a
      reduced biliary cholesterol saturation. Increased fasting gallbladder volumes
      during UDCA treatment thus do not appear to result from decreased gallbladder
      muscle contractile strength.

PMID- 9952244
TI  - Partial characterization of mechanisms of cytoprotective action of hydrophilic
      bile salts against hydrophobic bile salts in rats: relation to canalicular
      membrane fluidity and packing density.
AB  - Bile salts regulate the subselection of phosphatidylcholine species secreted into
      bile and thereby modulate bile metastability. The aim of this study was to
      determine whether bile salts alter phosphatidylcholine species of the canalicular
      membrane, and if they do, to clarify whether the cytoprotective action of
      hydrophilic bile salts is associated with modulation of phosphatidylcholine
      composition in cell membrane bilayers. Bile salt-pool-depleted rats were infused
      intravenously with sodium taurocholate at a constant rate (200 nmol/min/100 g
      body wt) for 2 hr, followed by infusion of either sodium tauroursodeoxycholate,
      sodium tauroalphamuricholate, or sodium taurobetamuricholate (200 nmol/min/100 g)
      for 2 hr. Biliary outputs of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylcholine hydrophobicity in bile and subcellular fractions were
      determined. The cytoprotective action of hydrophilic bile salts was determined by
      the release of canalicular membrane-localizing enzymes (alkaline phosphatase,
      leucine aminopeptidase) into bile. Tauroursodeoxycholate, taurobetamuricholate,
      and tauroalphamuricholate decreased the release of these enzymes when compared to
      values under taurocholate infusion. Bile phosphatidylcholine hydrophobicity was
      also decreased by the bile salts, whereas the cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine
      ratio was increased. In contrast, phosphatidylcholine hydrophobicity in the
      canalicular membrane was increased by these three bile salts. In conclusion,
      hydrophilic bile salts promote biliary secretion of relatively hydrophilic
      phosphatidylcholine secretion into bile, and consequently phosphatidylcholine
      hydrophobicity in canalicular membranes increased. Such an alteration in
      phosphatidylcholine species within canalicular membrane enhances its lateral
      packing density with less fluidity, and this may account, in part, for the
      cytoprotective action of hydrophilic bile salts against hydrophobic bile salts.

PMID- 9952245
TI  - Biliary sludge and pigment stone formation in bile duct-ligated guinea pigs.
AB  - We studied the effects of bile stasis in a guinea pig model of pigment gallstone.
      The common bile ducts of guinea pigs were partially ligated, and the guinea pigs
      killed one or two weeks later. Biliary sludge or stones were examined with the
      Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the scanning electromicroscopy. The
      bile was analyzed for pH, free calcium, bile acids and bilirubin fractions, and
      the activities of both bacterial and endogenous beta-glucuronidase. After bile
      duct ligation, calcium bilirubinate precipitates or stones formed in all except
      one of the animals studied. The bile pH and the proportion of unconjugated
      bilirubin rose after bile duct ligation, with a concomitant fall of bilirubin
      monoglucuronide. The activity of bacterial beta-glucuronidase decreased after
      ligation, while the activity of endogenous beta-glucuronidase rose at week 2. Our
      results imply that precipitation of calcium bilirubinate in this animal model was
      induced by an increased bile pH and the nonenzymatic hydrolysis of conjugated
      bilirubin.

PMID- 9952246
TI  - Fecal elastase 1 determination in chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - This study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of fecal elastase 1 in chronic
      pancreatitis. Fifty-three healthy subjects, 44 patients with chronic pancreatitis
      (22 severe, 13 moderate, and 9 mild), and 43 patients with nonpancreatic
      digestive disease were studied. Elastase 1 concentration was determined on a
      small sample of feces using a commercially available kit. Fecal chymotrypsin was
      also measured. With a cutoff level of 190 microg/g, all healthy controls except
      one (98.1%), and the majority of patients with nonpancreatic digestive diseases
      (40 of 43; 93.0%) had elastase values above this limit. Among the 44 patients
      with chronic pancreatitis, 34 (77.3%) had pathological values: all 22 (100%) with
      severe disease, 10 of 13 (76.9%) with moderate disease and 2 of 9 (22.2%) with
      mild disease. Chymotrypsin values were pathological in 25 of 44 (56.8%) patients
      with chronic pancreatitis: 17 of 22 (77.2%) with severe pancreatitis, 7 of 13
      (53.8%) with moderate pancreatitis, and 1 of 9 (11.1%) with mild disease. The
      specificity was 95.8% for elastase 1 and 85.4% for chymotrypsin. The difference
      both in sensitivity and specificity of the two enzymes was statistically
      significant (P < 0.05). Fecal elastase 1 has a high sensitivity, superior to that
      of fecal chymotrypsin, in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. For its
      simplicity and rapidity, it could represent the tubeless test of choice in
      chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 9952247
TI  - A 5-year follow-up study of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder.
AB  - To examine the course and outcome of subjects with generalized anxiety disorder
      (GAD) and panic disorder, we compared 64 patients with GAD and 68 patients with
      panic disorder who had participated in drug treatment studies and were
      interviewed an average of 5 years earlier. At baseline GAD subjects were
      significantly older, had an earlier onset, and longer duration of illness than
      panic subjects. GAD subjects also had less severe symptoms. At follow-up,
      diagnostic stability was observed for both GAD and panic disorder. Significantly
      fewer GAD subjects achieved full remission at follow-up (18% vs. 45%, p < .01).
      Subjects with GAD were significantly less anxious at baseline than the panic
      disorder comparison group, but at follow-up there were few significant
      differences between groups on most severity of illness variables. This change was
      due in great part to improvement in the panic disorder group with a concomitant
      lack of change in the GAD group.

PMID- 9952248
TI  - Suicide in patients hospitalized for schizophrenia: 1913-1940.
AB  - From a sample of 1357 schizophrenic patients hospitalized between 1913 and 1940
      at the Phipps Clinic, we have follow-up data on 1212 (89%) cases, with a mean
      length of follow-up of 11 years. Of these 1212 patients, 28 (2%) are known to
      have committed suicide. Suicide was significantly correlated with 1) previous
      suicide attempts, 2) depressive symptoms, 3) preoccupation with suicide, 4)
      affective illness in close relatives, 5) poor premorbid social and work history,
      6) sexual worries, and 7) psychomotor agitation. Marital status, gender, age at
      onset, age at admission, number of previous admissions, condition at discharge
      from Phipps, length of hospitalization, the presence of any type of delusions or
      hallucinations, alcohol problems, paranoid or catatonic features, and utilization
      of shock therapies were not significantly correlated with subsequent suicide. The
      seven variables significantly correlated with suicide enumerated above were
      chosen to construct a scale suggesting which patients were at high risk for
      suicide.

PMID- 9952249
TI  - Longitudinal course and predictors of continuing distress following critical
      incident exposure in emergency services personnel.
AB  - This study examines the longitudinal course and predictors of stress-specific and
      general symptomatic distress in emergency services personnel. A three-group quasi
      experimental design was used to determine the responses of 322 rescue workers to
      the Loma Prieta earthquake Interstate 880 Freeway collapse and to unrelated
      control critical incidents. Self-report questionnaires, including measures of
      incident exposure, peritraumatic dissociation and emotional distress, and current
      symptoms, were administered 1.9 years (initial) and 3.5 years (follow-up) after
      the freeway collapse. Despite modest symptom improvement at follow-up, rescue
      workers were at risk for chronic symptomatic distress after critical incident
      exposure. Peritraumatic dissociation accounted for significant increments in
      current posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, over and above exposure,
      adjustment, years of experience, locus of control, social support, and general
      dissociative tendencies. The results suggest that rescue workers, particularly
      those with more catastrophic exposure and those prone to dissociate at the time
      of the critical incident, are at risk for chronic symptomatic distress.

PMID- 9952250
TI  - Gender differences in clinical correlates of suicidality among young adults.
AB  - Gender differences were examined in risk factors for suicidality among young
      adult friends of suicide victims. Data were derived from a follow-up community
      survey of 76 members of the social network of 23 consecutive adolescent suicide
      victims 6 years after the friend's death. The Beck-Kovacs Scale for Suicidal
      Ideation was the outcome measure. Multiple regression analyses revealed
      aggression to have the only significant effect on suicidality among men, whereas
      depression and posttraumatic stress disorder had significant independent effects
      on suicidality among women. Results suggest that young adult men who are
      aggressive and female subjects with elevated symptoms of depression and/or
      posttraumatic stress disorder may be at increased risk of suicidality.

PMID- 9952251
TI  - Perceived abuse and neglect as risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescent
      inpatients.
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess relative risk of histories of different types
      of abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional) and neglect (physical and emotional)
      for suicidal behavior (attempts, ideation, and self-mutilation) in
      psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. Seventy-one adolescent inpatients (34
      boys, 37 girls) completed self-report measures of abuse and neglect, current
      suicidal ideation, and lifetime suicide and self-mutilation attempts. The
      prevalence of sexual and physical abuse was 37.5% and 43.7%, respectively, with
      31.3% and 61% of youngsters reporting emotional and physical neglect. Fifty-one
      percent of youngsters had made suicide attempts, and 39% had self-mutilated.
      Suicide attempters were significantly more likely to be female, Latino, to report
      sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, and to endorse emotional neglect. In
      multivariate analyses, female gender, sexual abuse, and emotional neglect
      remained significant predictors of self-mutilation and suicidal ideation. Female
      gender and sexual abuse remained significant predictors of suicide attempts.
      These findings suggest that emotional neglect is an important and deleterious
      component of maltreatment experiences and may be a more powerful predictor of
      suicidal behavior in hospitalized adolescents than physical abuse, emotional
      abuse, and physical neglect.

PMID- 9952252
TI  - Dreams of personality disordered subjects.
AB  - Dreams provide access to underlying personality structure, defensive and adaptive
      functions, and they elucidate the psychological forces that lead to overt
      symptomatic behavior. Two hundred three dreams of 39 personality disordered
      patients were factor analyzed and compared with Hall and Van de Castle's
      normative data (Hall C, Van de Castle RI [1966] The content analysis of dreams.
      New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts). Results included a five-factor solution that
      sheds light on some core issues of the dreamers. Comparisons between the groups
      resulted in the personality-disordered group demonstrating more estrangement in
      their dreams, fewer interactions, and more emotionality. In their interactions,
      they demonstrated a lower ratio of aggressive interactions yet a higher tendency
      to view themselves as the aggressor. Results are related to theoretical
      literature on personality and defensive styles, mostly from a psychodynamic
      perspective.

PMID- 9952253
TI  - Alexithymia and attachment representation in idiopathic spasmodic torticollis.
AB  - We investigated alexithymia and the mental representation of attachment in
      idiopathic spasmodic torticollis (IST). It was hypothesized a) that alexithymia
      in IST is more prevalent than in a nonclinical control group and b) that
      significant correlations emerge between alexithymia and a dismissing attachment
      representation. Twenty patients with IST and 20 healthy controls matched for age
      and sex were administered the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Adult
      Attachment Interview (AAI). Attachment was classified using the Attachment
      Interview Q-sort. IST patients scored significantly higher on the measure of
      alexithymia than subjects in the comparison group. In IST a dismissing attachment
      representation was significantly more frequent than in the control group. Across
      the total sample, externally oriented thinking correlated positively with
      dismissing attachment, and both externally oriented thinking and difficulty
      communicating feelings (two of the three subscales of the TAS-20) correlated
      inversely with secure attachment. Alexithymia is more prevalent in IST than in
      normals. As was hypothesized, alexithymia in adults is significantly interrelated
      with the mental representation of attachment.

PMID- 9952254
TI  - Enhancing medication compliance for people with serious mental illness.

PMID- 9952255
TI  - Dimensions of social adjustment in schizophrenia: a factor analysis.

PMID- 9952256
TI  - Some psychological and physical consequences in middle-aged adults of underfunded
      institutional care in childhood.

PMID- 9952257
TI  - Hippocampal and entorhinal cortex high-frequency oscillations (100--500 Hz) in
      human epileptic brain and in kainic acid--treated rats with chronic seizures.
AB  - PURPOSE: Properties of oscillations with frequencies >100 Hz were studied in
      kainic acid (KA)-treated rats and compared with those recorded in normal and
      kindled rats as well as in patients with epilepsy to determine differences
      associated with epilepsy. METHODS: Prolonged in vivo wideband recordings of
      electrical activity were made in hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (EC) of (a)
      normal rats, (b) kindled rats, (c) rats having chronic recurrent spontaneous
      seizures after intrahippocampal KA injections, and (d) patients with epilepsy
      undergoing depth electrode evaluation in preparation for surgical treatment.
      RESULTS: Intermittent oscillatory activity ranging from 100 to 200 Hz in
      frequency and 50-150 ms in duration was recorded in CA1 and EC of all three
      animal groups, and in epileptic human hippocampus and EC. This activity had the
      same characteristics in all groups, resembled previously observed "ripples"
      described by Buzsaki et al., and appeared to represent field potentials of
      inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) on principal cells. Unexpectedly,
      higher frequency intermittent oscillatory activity ranging from 200 to 500 Hz and
      10-100 ms in duration was encountered only in KA-treated rats and patients with
      epilepsy. These oscillations, termed fast ripples (FRs), were found only adjacent
      to the epileptogenic lesion in hippocampus, EC, and dentate gyrus, and appeared
      to represent field potential population spikes. Their local origin was indicated
      by correspondence with the negative phase of burst discharges of putative
      pyramidal cells. CONCLUSIONS: The persistence of normal-appearing ripples in
      epileptic brain support the view that inhibitory processes are preserved. FRs
      appear to be field potentials reflecting hyper-synchronous bursting of excitatory
      neurons and provide an opportunity to study the role of this pathophysiologic
      phenomenon in epilepsy and seizure initiation. Furthermore, if FR activity is
      unique to brain areas capable of generating spontaneous seizures, its
      identification could be a powerful functional indicator of the epileptic region
      in patients evaluated for surgical treatment.

PMID- 9952258
TI  - A ketogenic diet increases the resistance to pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures
      in the rat.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a ketogenic
      diet would increase the resistance of rats to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced
      seizures and to understand the relation of ketonemia to seizure resistance.
      METHODS: A freely consumed, high-fat (ketogenic) diet was administered to male
      Sprague-Dawley rats for 5-10 weeks, while control animals were fed either rodent
      chow or a high-carbohydrate diet. Ketonemia was measured as plasma levels of beta
      hydroxybutyric acid (beta-OHB). Seizures were induced by tail-vein infusion of
      pentylenetetrazole. RESULTS: The ketogenic diet produced a highly significant
      (p<0.01) increase in beta-OHB levels within 5 days. Induction of seizures by PTZ
      35 days after animals were placed on their respective diets showed that ketogenic
      animals had a significantly (p<0.01) increased threshold for seizure induction
      compared with those fed an isocaloric diet of either high-carbohydrate or normal
      rodent chow. Ketogenic animals did not exhibit increased seizure severity
      relative to controls, despite receiving consistently higher doses of PTZ.
      CONCLUSIONS: The ketogenic diet resulted in an increased seizure threshold,
      confirming the hypothesis, and seizure threshold was found to be a direct
      function of the level of ketonemia.

PMID- 9952260
TI  - Phenytoin penetration into brain after administration of phenytoin or
      fosphenytoin.
AB  - PURPOSE: This study was designed to measure the brain penetration of phenytoin
      (PHT) after intravenous (i.v.) administration of either standard PHT or
      fosphenytoin (FPHT), a PHT prodrug. The study was formulated to answer the
      question whether the time required for FPHT to be converted to PHT in the
      bloodstream would delay the accumulation of PHT in brain. METHODS: Four rats were
      sampled at various times after intravenous infusion of 30 mg/kg PHT i.v. or 30
      mg/kg PHT equivalents of FPHT i.v. PHT was measured in serum, protein-free
      ultrafiltrate, and in brain, by using high-performance liquid chromatography.
      RESULTS: Although the initial PHT-free fraction was significantly higher for FPHT
      treated rats than it was for PHT-treated rats, brain PHT levels were
      significantly reduced after infusion of FPHT. CONCLUSIONS: When FPHT is used for
      treatment of generalized status epilepticus, it should be anticipated that lower
      initial brain PHT levels will be achieved than are typically found with standard
      PHT.

PMID- 9952259
TI  - Bidirectional transfer between electrical and flurothyl kindling in mice:
      evidence for common processes in epileptogenesis.
AB  - PURPOSE: This study sought to determine whether there was a transfer of seizure
      susceptibility between two models of epileptogenesis, electrical kindling and a
      newly described model of flurothyl kindling. In this study, we determined the
      effects of preexposure to one kindling agent on the seizure responsiveness to the
      other. METHODS: Mice were divided into three groups: (a) six mice (FLK) were
      kindled with flurothyl, rechallenged with flurothyl after a 28-day incubation
      phase, implanted with olfactory bulb (OB) electrodes, and electrically kindled;
      (b) six mice (ELK) were implanted with OB electrodes, electrically kindled to six
      stage 5 seizures, and given one flurothyl trial 3 days later and a second
      flurothyl trial after a 28-day incubation period; and (c) six mice (IMP) were
      implanted with OB electrodes, tested with flurothyl at the same times as the ELK
      group, and later electrically kindled. RESULTS: Mice that were previously kindled
      with flurothyl (FLK) had significantly faster electrical kindling rates to one
      stage 5 seizure or to six stage 5 seizures compared with animals in the ELK and
      IMP groups. Mice that were previously exposed to either electrical kindling or
      flurothyl kindling had significantly diminished latencies to generalized seizure
      onset (flurothyl-induced seizure thresholds) either before or after a 28-day
      incubation period compared with the IMP control mice. In addition, both the FLK
      and ELK groups had significantly increased percentages of mice expressing
      forebrain-brainstem seizures, compared with the IMP group, following either
      rechallenge with flurothyl after a 28-day incubation or focal electrical
      kindling. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate a near-complete bidirectional
      transfer between these electrical and flurothyl kindling models. Mice that were
      previously exposed to either electrical or flurothyl kindling have increased
      seizure susceptibilities and altered seizure phenotypes when exposed to the other
      seizure paradigm. Overall, these studies indicate that previous seizures are the
      critical determinant of the bidirectional transfer of seizure susceptibility
      observed, and not the electrical or pharmacologic properties of the original
      kindling agent. Finally, the observation of near identity in transfer
      characteristics between electrical and flurothyl kindling models suggests that
      the proepileptogenic processes initiated by exposure to either model are similar.

PMID- 9952261
TI  - The EEG and prognosis in status epilepticus.
AB  - PURPOSE: To examine the relation between specific EEG features and clinical
      outcome, determine whether a predictable sequence of EEG patterns exists during
      status epilepticus (SE), and examine the relation between periodic epileptiform
      discharges (PEDs) and SE. METHODS: EEG records of 50 patients with SE admitted to
      Graduate Hospital between January 1990 and July 1995 were reviewed. Ictal EEGs
      were available in 72%; 28% had only postictal EEGs. Poor outcome was defined as
      death or persistent vegetative state, and good outcome as all others. Fisher's
      Exact test, chi2, and t tests were performed for data analysis. RESULTS: Of 50
      patients, 72% had a good outcome and 28%, a poor outcome. If PEDs were present at
      any time during or after SE, outcome tended to be worse (p = 0.053). With PEDs,
      eight (44%) of 18 had a poor outcome; without PEDs, six (19%) of 32 had a poor
      outcome. Etiologies for SE did not substantially differ in patients with or
      without PEDs, and structural abnormalities were not more associated with the
      presence of PEDs. PEDs were seen both early and late, during and after SE. Other
      EEG characteristics (lateralized vs. bilateral symmetric ictal EEG, discrete vs.
      continuous ictal activity, and postictal focal slowing) did not relate to
      outcome. No predictable sequence of EEG changes was found during SE. CONCLUSIONS:
      PEDs are the only EEG feature related to outcome in SE and are associated with
      poor outcome independent of etiology.

PMID- 9952262
TI  - Comparison of status epilepticus with prolonged seizure episodes lasting from 10
      to 29 minutes.
AB  - PURPOSE: Status epilepticus (SE) is a major medical and a neurologic emergency
      associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The current definition of SE
      is continuous seizure activity or intermittent seizure activity without regaining
      consciousness, lasting > or =30 min. Epilepsy monitoring unit data indicate that
      many seizures self-terminate within minutes. Thus consideration was recently
      given to include seizure episodes lasting > or =10 min in the definition of SE.
      Because no large studies have been conducted on seizures lasting 10-29 min, this
      study was initiated to compare cases of SE and 10 to 29-min seizure episodes seen
      within the same period. METHODS: Patients seen at the Medical College of Virginia
      Hospitals of Virginia Commonwealth University over the same 2-year period were
      studied. Two hundred twenty-six prospective SE cases (91 children and 135 adults)
      and 81 retrospective 10- to 29-min seizure episodes (31 children and 50 adults)
      were compared. A standardized data-entry-form system was compiled on each patient
      and was used to evaluate the data collected. RESULTS: The 10- to 29-min seizure
      patients and the SE cases had similar demographic characteristics, such as sex,
      race, and age, and also had similar etiologies. The majority (93%) of SE cases
      required anticonvulsant (AED) treatment to control and stop seizure activity. In
      the 10- to 29-min group, 43% stopped seizing spontaneously, and the remainder
      (57%) required AED treatment to stop seizure activity. The mortality for the SE
      patients was 19% compared with 2.6% for 10- to 29-min group (p<0.001). In the 10-
      to 29-min group that stopped seizing spontaneously, the mortality was 0. In the
      10- to 29-min patients that required AED treatment, the mortality was 4.4%.
      CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that a significant number of patients
      experience seizure activity lasting from 10- to 29-min. Approximately half of
      these seizure events stopped spontaneously and did not require AED treatment. The
      other half of the patients responded quickly to medications and stopped seizing
      before the 30-min definition for SE. The overall mortality of this group was
      significantly lower than that of the patients with SE. The results demonstrate
      that further studies on the 10- to 29-min seizure group are needed to
      differentiate seizures that will stop spontaneously and those that will only stop
      with AED treatment. Because almost half of the prolonged seizures stopped
      spontaneously, further studies are needed before including prolonged seizure
      activity in the definition of SE.

PMID- 9952263
TI  - Interictal spikes increase cerebral glucose metabolism and blood flow: a PET
      study.
AB  - PURPOSE: In patients with reflex epilepsy, it is sometimes possible to evoke
      interictal spikes predictably, thus providing an uncommon but important
      experimental paradigm for examining the physiological changes produced by
      epileptiform discharges. METHODS: To examine the changes in regional cerebral
      blood flow (rCBF) and glucose consumption (rCMRglc) produced by interictal
      spikes, we performed positron emission tomography (PET) scans with the blood-flow
      tracer [15O]H20 and with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose in a patient with fixation-off
      epilepsy. The scans were performed in states of high and low spike frequency
      produced by eye closure and opening, respectively. RESULTS: The rCBF study
      revealed a focal increase in blood flow associated with the state of increased
      interictal spiking. The focus was in the posterior portion of the left superior
      parietal lobule (Talairach coordinates: x: -36, y: -71, z: 39; t = 4.5; p<0.05)
      and corresponded to the site of maximal ictal EEG abnormality recorded with
      implanted electrodes. In a volume of interest of 10-mm diameter centered on the t
      statistic peak in the rCBF study, the mean rCMRglc was 39.1 micromol/100 g/min
      with eyes open and 44.1 micromol/100 g/min (13% increase) with eyes closed. An
      identical activation paradigm was used in six normal subjects studied with
      functional magnetic resonance imaging. In the normal subjects, no significant
      activation was observed in the parieto-occipital region, indicating that the
      changes observed in the patient were due to interictal spiking rather than to
      task performance alone. CONCLUSIONS: Interictal spiking produces focal increases
      in cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism.

PMID- 9952265
TI  - Influence of valproate monotherapy on platelet activation and hematologic values.
AB  - PURPOSE: Valproate (VPA) has been linked to coagulation disturbances, with both
      impaired and exaggerated clotting, which has been attributed to an effect of VPA
      on platelets or hemostatic proteins. Additional thrombocytic function testing may
      help to identify patients at risk of increased bleeding caused by platelet
      dysfunction. METHODS: We evaluated the influence of VPA on hematologic routine
      values and platelet activation by using immunostaining and flow cytometry in 30
      patients receiving long-term VPA therapy and in 30 controls. RESULTS: The
      fraction of activated platelets was similar in both groups; however, the general
      extent of platelet activation was significantly lower in the patient group, with
      considerable interindividual variability. In addition, patients had a
      significantly lower platelet count, prolonged thrombin time, and higher mean
      corpuscular hemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm the previously reported
      hematologic changes caused by VPA and additionally suggest that VPA impairs
      procoagulatory thrombocytic function, which is reflected by reduced platelet
      activation and increased thrombin time. Possible mechanisms of VPA-platelet
      interaction are discussed.

PMID- 9952264
TI  - Profile of antiepileptic pharmacotherapy in a tertiary referral center in South
      India: a pharmacoepidemiologic and pharmacoeconomic study.
AB  - PURPOSE: To study the current pharmacotherapy practices of epilepsy and its
      economics in a developing country by correlating the epidemiology and economics
      of antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment in general epilepsy care and comprehensive
      epilepsy care. METHODS: We compared the AED-use profiles, efficacy, and
      tolerability at entry and at last follow-up for 972 patients seen at a
      comprehensive epilepsy care program in South India from 1993 to 1995. The
      relative cost was expressed as the average percentage of the per capita gross
      national product (GNP/capita) each individual spent for AED treatment. RESULTS:
      At entry, 562 (57.8%) subjects were receiving polytherapy; at last follow-up, 743
      (76.4%) patients were receiving monotherapy, an increase of 34.3% in the use of
      monotherapy. One or more adverse drug reactions were reported by 28.6% of
      patients at entry and by 19.8% at last follow-up. The proportion of patients who
      were seizure free increased from 29.0 to 44.8%. Carbamazepine (CBZ) was the most
      frequently used AED, followed by diphenylhydantoin (DPH), valproate (VPA), and
      phenobarbitone (PB). The relative cost (% GNP/capita) for standard AEDs were as
      follows: PB, 4.4%; DPH, 7.1%; CBZ, 16.8%; and VPA, 29.5%. The average annual cost
      of AED treatment per patient in U.S. dollars was $64.32 at entry and $47.73 at
      last follow-up. Reduction in polytherapy resulted in the net annual saving of
      $16,128 ($16.59 per patient, or 5.4% GNP/capita). CONCLUSIONS: The more frequent
      use of relatively expensive drugs like CBZ and VPA and the use of polytherapy
      still quite prevalent in developing countries-has escalated the cost of AED
      therapy. Although in recent years AEDs have become more available in developing
      regions, primary and secondary care physicians have not been adequately educated
      about the current trends in the pharmacotherapy of epilepsy.

PMID- 9952266
TI  - Adjustment of carbamazepine dose to offset the effects of the interaction with
      remacemide hydrochloride in a double-blind, multicentre, add-on drug trial
      (CR2237) in refractory epilepsy.
AB  - PURPOSE: The efficacy of remacemide hydrochloride (REM) as an antiepileptic drug
      (AED) was tested in a double-blind, add-on trial in patients with refractory
      epilepsy. Concurrent drugs included carbamazepine (CBZ). The interfering effects
      of the pharmacokinetic interaction between REM and CBZ were offset by the
      monitoring of plasma CBZ concentration and the appropriate reduction of CBZ dose
      by an unblinded observer. METHODS: Patients taking CBZ entered a 4-week run-in
      period to stabilise their dosage regimen to Tegretol tablets and blinded capsules
      containing Tegretol tablets. They then entered an 8-week baseline period during
      which variation of plasma CBZ concentration was used to derive an individual
      Shewart Control Chart for each patient. These charts were used to define the
      threshold for CBZ dose reduction after the addition of trial drug. Where
      necessary the unblinded observer adjusted that portion of the daily dose of CBZ
      concealed in the opaque capsules, thereby maintaining the blind for the
      investigator and the patient. RESULTS: CBZ dosage reductions ranging from 14 to
      50% were required by 63% of patients who received REM. Substantial increases in
      plasma CBZ concentration, which would have confounded the results of the trial,
      were thus avoided. The small increases in CBZ concentration that occurred in
      spite of this procedure were of similar magnitude in responders (patients who
      experienced > or =50% reduction in seizure frequency during treatment) and
      nonresponders, and in both groups the mean increase was <1 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS: The
      method is offered as a model solution for problems caused by pharmacokinetic
      interactions in add-on trials.

PMID- 9952267
TI  - Antiepileptic drug therapy and sexual function in men with epilepsy.
AB  - PURPOSE: To study the effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on sex hormone levels
      and sexual activity in a group of men attending a hospital-based epilepsy clinic.
      METHODS: One hundred eighteen men being treated with AED therapy, 32 with
      epilepsy but not receiving AEDs, and 34 controls were recruited. All subjects
      were aged 18-65 years. Blood (20 ml) was removed for hormone assays, after which
      each subject completed a validated questionnaire [Sexuality Experience Scores
      (Frenken and Vennix, 1981)] aimed at exploring the individuals' sexual activity
      and attitudes to sexual morality. RESULTS: Men taking carbamazepine (CBZ) only
      had significantly higher mean sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels than the
      control group. The CBZ group also had a significantly lower mean DHEAS
      concentration than the control, untreated, and sodium valproate (VPA) monotherapy
      groups. The phenytoin monotherapy group (PHT) had a significantly higher mean
      SHBG than both the control and untreated groups, and had a significantly higher
      mean total testosterone (TT) value than the control untreated, CBZ, and VPA
      groups, and a significantly lower mean DHEAS than the controls, untreated, and
      VPA groups. Men receiving more than one AED had significantly higher mean SHBG
      concentrations compared with control, untreated, and VPA groups. In addition, the
      polytherapy group's mean TT was significantly higher than the control and VPA
      groups, although its mean DHEAS concentration was lower than the control,
      untreated, and VPA groups. There were no significant differences between the
      study groups in mean FT, Budrostenedione (AND), or estradiol levels. But the CBZ,
      PHT, and polytherapy groups had significantly lower mean free and rogen index
      (FAI) than the controls. The CBZ group had a lower mean FAI than the VPA group.
      The polytherapy group had a lower FAI than the untreated group. Sexuality
      Experience Scores (SES) showed that those men receiving AEDs embraced a stricter
      sexual morality than the controls and untreated, and expressed greater
      satisfaction with their marriages than the control and untreated groups.
      CONCLUSIONS: Seizure type did not affect SES scores. Multiple regression showed
      men who had received further education were less accepting of strict sexual
      morality.

PMID- 9952268
TI  - Effects of menopause on seizures in women with epilepsy.
AB  - PURPOSE: Although important associations between epilepsy and women's hormonal
      phases are described, the relation of menopause to epilepsy has received little
      attention. METHODS: By using a structured interview, we studied menopausal women
      with epilepsy seen at the University of Maryland Epilepsy Center over a 1-year
      period from 1994 to 1995. We analyzed the characteristics and temporal relation
      of the seizures to menopause and compared the frequency and severity of the
      seizures with those in a similar group of premenopausal women. RESULTS: We
      identified 61 menopausal women (46 who were postmenopausal and 15 perimenopausal)
      and compared them with 46 premenopausal women. No statistically significant
      differences were noted in either the frequency or the severity of seizures
      comparing all menopausal or only postmenopausal with premenopausal women.
      However, 12 (20%) of the 61 menopausal women noted that their seizures first
      began during or after menopause, with eight having no proven cause for their
      seizures. Many individual women described changes in their seizures with
      menopause. Among the 61 menopausal women, 49 had established epilepsy before the
      onset of menopause, and 20 (41%) reported worsening of their seizures with
      menopause, 13 (27%) noted improvement, and 16 (33%) described no changes. These
      observations were similar for peri- and postmenopausal women. Of the 15
      menopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy, the six taking progestin
      were significantly less likely to report worsening of their seizures.
      CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the view that hormonal influences are
      important in women with seizures. Although, in aggregate, menopausal (combined
      perimenopausal and postmenopausal) and postmenopausal women's seizures were
      similar in frequency and severity to those of other women, menopause was
      associated with changes in seizures for some women. Moreover, menopause may be a
      previously unrecognized factor for some new-onset seizures. The relations between
      menopause and epilepsy deserve to be more fully investigated.

PMID- 9952269
TI  - Components of attention in children with complex partial seizures with and
      without ADHD.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate attentional difficulties in children with complex partial
      seizures, we reviewed the records of 12 children with complex partial seizures
      with attention deficient hyperactivity disorder (CPS/ADHD); 21 children with CPS
      without ADHD (CPS); 22 children with ADHD; and 15 control children. METHODS: Each
      child completed a computerized performance test (CPT), which evaluated sustained
      attention, inhibition of response, response time, and consistency of response.
      The ADHD groups also completed the CPT after a dose of methylphenidate. RESULTS:
      The results found poorest performance on the CPT by the CPS/ADHD group.
      Particular difficulty in attention was found for children with epilepsy
      regardless of the ADHD diagnosis. When methylphenidate was administered to the
      ADHD groups, both groups improved in performance on the CPT. CONCLUSIONS:
      Epilepsy may predispose children to attention problems that can significantly
      interfere with learning. Similar improvement for children with CPS/ADHD was found
      with methylphenidate compared with baseline as for children with ADHD but without
      CPS.

PMID- 9952270
TI  - Self-efficacy and social support as mediators in the relation between disease
      severity and quality of life in patients with epilepsy.
AB  - PURPOSE: This study examined the influence of two psychosocial variables
      mediating between disease severity and quality of life (QoL) in epilepsy; social
      support and mastery (measured by locus of control and self-efficacy). A model
      placing these two variables as mediators between disease severity and QoL was
      tested with structural equation modeling. METHODS: Eighty-nine patients with
      epilepsy (58% men, age 36+/-12 years) were given the following instruments:
      Liverpool Seizure Severity Scale, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List,
      Epileptic Self-Efficacy Scale, Locus of Control scale, and the World Health
      Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire, the WHOQOL. RESULTS: Structural
      equation modeling showed good fit between the research model and the data
      (Bentler-Bonett Normalized Index of fit, 0.96; LISREL GFI, 0.95). Ninety percent
      of the variance of the WHOQOL was explained by a combination of disease severity,
      self-efficacy in epilepsy, social support, and locus of control. Mastery was
      found to mediate the correlation between disease severity and QoL, and social
      support was found to act as a mediator between disease severity and mastery.
      CONCLUSIONS: The study findings emphasize the possibility of improving QoL among
      patients with epilepsy by counseling and treatment aimed at reinforcing their
      self-efficacy and locus of control, as well as by improving their SoS.

PMID- 9952271
TI  - Referral patterns of family physicians may allow population-based incidence
      studies of childhood epilepsy.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the burden of illness of childhood epilepsy on patient, care
      giver, and society, representative incidence cohorts must be followed
      longitudinally. Case ascertainment through pediatricians and neurologists would
      be a valid method if family physicians refered all new cases of childhood
      epilepsy. The study objective was to determine whether family physicians'
      referral patterns in Southwestern Ontario make it possible to conduct a
      population-based incidence study of childhood epilepsy by sampling only from
      specialists' practices. METHODS: Of the 1,718 family physicians practicing in
      Southwestern Ontario, a systematic sample participated in a mailed survey. Case
      simulations describing seven types of childhood seizures were presented to
      physicians with instructions to respond as to whether they would
      investigate/manage without referral; refer to a specialist only if problems
      occurred; or refer to a specialist always. RESULTS: Of 214 family physicians, 185
      (86.4%) returned completed surveys; 86% would not refer a child with a febrile
      seizure. Referral to a specialist would be made always by 93% of family
      physicians for patients with status epilepticus, 95% for worsening partial
      epilepsy, 82% for a first, brief, generalized clonic seizure, 80% for absence
      epilepsy, and 99% for neonatal seizures. Only 50% of family physicians would
      always refer a neurodevelopmentally abnormal child with generalized clonic
      epilepsy, but a further 37% would refer if problems occurred. CONCLUSIONS: It is
      feasible to recruit a representative population-based cohort of recently
      diagnosed patients for epidemiologic studies of childhood epilepsy by surveying
      pediatricians and neurologists. These survey results could be used to adjust
      estimates of incidence obtained through specialists' practices for the bias in
      case ascertainment that may result from this practical method.

PMID- 9952273
TI  - Epilepsy and religious experiences: Voodoo possession.
AB  - Epileptic seizures have a historical association with religion, primarily through
      the concept of spirit possession. Five cases where epileptic seizures were
      initially attributed to Voodoo spirit possession are presented. The attribution
      is discussed within the context of the Voodoo belief system.

PMID- 9952272
TI  - Family studies and human leukocyte antigen class II typing in Indian probands
      with seizures in association with single small enhancing computed tomography
      lesions.
AB  - PURPOSE: To define the clinical features of the syndrome of seizures associated
      with single, small, enhancing computed tomography (CT) lesions (SSELs) in 235
      Indian probands and seizure types among their family members. Human leukocyte
      antigen (HLA) class II genomic typing in randomly selected 41 probands was done
      to identify the role of hereditary factors in this syndrome. METHODS: The seizure
      types among 235 probands, their clinical outcome, and seizures in their family
      members were studied. Family data were collected on relatives of 212 additional
      probands with neurologic diseases other than epilepsy. HLA class II antigens were
      studied by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified DNA and sequence
      specific oligonucleotide probe (PCR-SSOP) hybridization. RESULTS: The seizures in
      86% were partial with or without generalization; 77% had fewer than five seizures
      before the first CT scan. Evanescent focal neurologic deficits after seizures
      were noted in 40%. Most patients (97%) were treated with a single antiepileptic
      drug (AED). Significant resolution of the CT scan lesion was noted within 6
      months in 125 (53%) of 235 cases. Two thirds of patients had no seizures while
      taking a single AED, and an additional 18% had no seizures even after their AEDs
      were discontinued. Epilepsy among relatives of Indian probands having seizures in
      association with SSELs was more common as compared with relatives of probands
      with other neurologic diseases. A family history of seizures was noted in 21%
      probands, the ratio of affected first- to second-degree relatives was 4.3:1, and
      60% of affected sibs had syndromic concordance with probands. There was a
      positive association of HLA-DRB1*13 (Pc = 0.036) with this syndrome. CONCLUSIONS:
      The syndrome of seizures in association with SSELs seems to be a benign
      localization-related epileptic syndrome. Our results of HLA studies point to an
      inherited susceptibility to an infective agent, which in most cases is of
      cysticercal etiology.

PMID- 9952274
TI  - Rasmussen's encephalitis with concomitant cortical dysplasia: the role of GluR3.
AB  - The role of the glutamate receptor GluR3 in Rasmussen's encephalitis is actively
      under investigation. Autoimmune processes with this receptor as the target are
      currently theorized. We provide an additional case of pathologically proved
      Rasmussen's encephalitis (with concomitant cortical dysplasia) in the presence of
      antibodies against the GluR3 receptor.

PMID- 9952275
TI  - Male monozygotic twins discordant for periventricular nodular heterotopia and
      epilepsy.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine zygosity and study cerebral structure in apparently
      identical twins with discordant manifestation of focal epilepsy. METHODS: Male
      twins in their fifth decade were scanned by using magnetic resonance imaging
      (MRI) to detect structural abnormalities. Zygosity was determined by using 10
      microsatellite markers. RESULTS: DNA analysis showed that the twins were >99.99%
      likely to be monozygous; they were discordant for bilateral symmetric
      periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) and epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS: The
      discordant occurrence of PNH and epilepsy in monozygotic male twins carries
      implications with respect to somatic mosaicism, currently held to be responsible
      for PNH in affected male subjects.

PMID- 9952276
TI  - Natural history and treatment of lupus nephritis.
AB  - Renal involvement occurs in the majority of patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus. Contemporary therapeutic regimens for immunosuppression and for
      the treatment of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, infections, and seizures have
      likely contributed to improvements in the prognosis of these patients over the
      last four decades. Corticosteroids usually ameliorate the manifestations of lupus
      nephritis but achieve less complete and sustained remissions than do cytotoxic
      drugs. Among the cytotoxic drugs, pulse cyclophosphamide has one of the best
      profiles of efficacy and toxicity. Because each episode of exacerbation of lupus
      nephritis results in cumulative scarring, atrophy and fibrosis, we recommend
      continued maintenance treatment for 1 year beyond the point of complete remission
      of proliferative lupus nephritis. Studies are in progress to determine whether
      innovative treatment strategies will enhance efficacy and minimize toxicity
      associated with cytotoxic drug therapies. Lupus membranous nephropathy poses a
      lower risk of renal failure, but persistent nephrotic syndrome confers risks of
      cardiovascular events; this form of lupus nephritis is usually treated with less
      intensive regimens of corticosteroids, cytotoxic drugs, or cyclosporine. The
      prognosis and overall success of treatment for lupus nephritis seem to vary
      widely among geographically and racially diverse populations. The causes for the
      apparently worse prognosis and poorer responses to treatment of lupus nephritis
      in Black patients are currently unexplained and require further study. Until such
      data are available, caution is clearly warranted in extrapolating evidence,
      particularly about prognosis and effects of treatment, among different
      populations of patients with lupus nephritis.

PMID- 9952277
TI  - Relevance of systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis animal models to human
      disease.
AB  - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by spontaneous B and T cell
      autoreactivity and multiorgan immune injury including severe glomerulonephritis.
      This autoimmune syndrome results from a global derangement in immune regulation
      dependent on the interaction of complex genetic and environmental susceptibility
      factors. Animal models have provided a powerful tool to study disease mechanisms
      and novel therapeutic interventions under well-defined conditions, and bypass the
      barriers inherent in the study of human lupus. Classical models of spontaneous
      and investigator-induced murine lupus, their mutant variants, and novel
      transgenic and gene-targeted mutant lineages have been particularly useful.
      Extensive genome typing in inbred and recombinant lupus-prone strains permits
      mapping and characterization of multiple lupus susceptibility loci and genes and
      their contribution to various disease phenotypes. Murine models provide important
      insight into the identity of targeted self-antigens, the molecules and pathways
      that maintain tolerance, immune cell and cytokine interactions that promote
      autoimmunity, and mechanisms of renal localization and injury by immune
      effectors. These models reveal that multiple and independent mechanisms
      contribute to disease pathogenesis and provide a better understanding of the
      remarkable phenotypic and histopathologic heterogeneity that characterizes human
      SLE.

PMID- 9952278
TI  - Breakdown of self-tolerance and the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.
AB  - Autoimmunity results from a breakdown of physiological mechanisms responsible for
      maintaining tolerance to self-antigens. These mechanisms are traditionally
      divided into central and peripheral. T or B lymphocytes that bind to self
      antigens with high avidity are deleted or rendered unresponsive during their
      ontogeny in generative lymphoid organs such as the thymus and the bone marrow
      (central tolerance). However, this elimination process is incomplete, and
      regulatory mechanisms that keep mature autoreactive lymphocytes in check are
      necessary for preventing autoimmunity (peripheral tolerance). Peripheral
      tolerance mechanisms include passive or activation-induced T and B cell
      apoptosis, anergy, ignorance, and perhaps suppression of autoreactivity by
      regulatory lymphocytes. Observations in humans and experimental animals with
      defined genetic mutations provide examples of autoimmune disorders arising from
      failure to maintain peripheral tolerance to self. However, multiple factors are
      necessary for the induction of autoimmunity. For example, bacterial and viral
      infections may precipitate autoimmune disease in genetically susceptible
      individuals by exposing autoreactive T cells to cross-reactive peptides
      (molecular mimicry) or by enhancing lymphocyte stimulation.

PMID- 9952279
TI  - The role of apoptosis in autoimmunity: immunogen, antigen, and accelerant.
AB  - The immunologic basis of systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) is complex and multifaceted. Recent advances in the field of
      apoptosis have suggested new paradigms for the development of autoimmunity. This
      review examines the role that apoptosis plays in maintaining immunologic
      tolerance to self-antigens, and how abnormalities in the regulation of apoptosis
      can lead to a breakdown in self-tolerance. This article also examines the
      increasing recognition of apoptotic cell antigens as the targets of
      autoantibodies and discusses the possibility that the autoimmune response
      characteristic of SLE is specifically directed against apoptotic cells. In
      addition, we will describe some of the features that distinguish nonpathogenic
      anti-DNA autoantibodies from those which deposit in the kidney and lead to lupus
      nephritis. Finally, we will attempt to synthesize the vast body of data
      connecting apoptosis and SLE into a single hypothesis in which we suggest that
      apoptotic cells are a primary source of immunogen, and that abnormalities in the
      handling of apoptotic cells can lead to a breakdown in self-tolerance.

PMID- 9952280
TI  - The role of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
AB  - Despite intensive research over the past three decades, the events leading to
      pathogenic autoantibody production and immune deposit formation in individuals
      with systemic lupus erythematosus continues to be debated. The controversy is
      fueled by the clinical observations that individual patients with lupus have
      variable expression of disease, and that it is often difficult to completely
      distinguish the events involved in the initiation of nephritis from the processes
      leading to progressive disease and organ failure. This review focuses on the
      mechanisms of immune deposition in individuals with lupus nephritis. Recent
      evidence derived from both analysis of spontaneously occurring animal models of
      lupus nephritis and human lupus nephritis suggests that direct binding of
      autoantibodies to glomerular antigens is an important mechanism in lupus and
      other immune complex nephritides. In situ deposition of circulating autoantigens
      and autoantibodies also may play a role. These findings, taken together with
      observations from analysis of other autoimmune diseases, suggest that autoantigen
      ligation by autoantibodies may contribute to the inflammatory/fibrogenic response
      through either direct stimulation of cells or interruption of cell-cell or cell
      matrix interactions. The nature of these type of interactions in individual
      patients therefore may have disease-modulating effects. For example, the
      predominant autoantibody response likely influences the glomerular response to
      immune deposition and the ensuing inflammation. The evidence for, and
      implications of, this hypothesis are discussed.

PMID- 9952281
TI  - Cytokines in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors are overexpressed by renal parenchymal
      cells and by infiltrating mononuclear cells in human and experimental lupus
      nephritis. The importance of cytokines in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis has
      been established using spontaneous mouse models of systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE). The actions of these cytokines are complex. There is a growing
      appreciation that the cytokine level and stage of kidney disease determines
      whether cytokine protects or promotes further tissue injury. This article
      identifies potential therapeutic targets and strategies that might halt
      progressive renal injury in patients with SLE.

PMID- 9952282
TI  - Lupus nephritis: novel immunosuppressive modalities and future directions.
AB  - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic disease characterized by
      alterations in the regulation of both cellular and humoral immune responses. B
      cell hyperactivity and genetic aberrations lead to formation of compliment-fixing
      IgG autoantibodies including anti-DNA and anti-nucleosome antibodies.
      Pathological T cell clones that recognize double-stranded DNA and nucleosomes
      further drive B cell production of DNA autoantibodies. Deposition of
      autoantibodies within the skin, kidney, brain, and other organ systems
      contributes to the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of SLE. A growing
      body of experimental evidence indicates that DNA antibodies contribute to the
      histological changes observed in lupus nephritis. The binding of anti-DNA and
      other autoantibodies to basement membranes and other cellular structures within
      the glomerulus results in activation of compliment and recruitment of
      inflammatory cells into the glomerulus. The use of high-dose steroid hormones and
      cytotoxic agents have improved patient and renal survival, but are associated
      with major infection, infertility, osteoporosis, and secondary malignancies. New
      pharmacological approaches to the treatment of lupus nephritis will include drugs
      that deplete specific B cell clones involved in the synthesis of nephritogenic
      autoantibodies as well as the blocking of signal transduction pathways required
      for antigen-dependent antibody synthesis. Novel clonal-specific approaches to
      immunosuppression in patients with SLE offer the potential for precise targeting
      of the disease pathogenesis and for reducing toxic complications of treatment.

PMID- 9952283
TI  - Renal transplantation for end-stage renal disease caused by systemic lupus
      erythematosus nephritis.
AB  - The 1975 observations of the Advisory Committee of the Renal Transplant Registry
      about systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remain largely unaltered. The SLE
      patient's survival after renal transplantation has improved, but remains similar
      to the non-SLE transplantation population. Disease activity declines throughout
      the transplantation period with a low rate of graft loss due to recurrent
      disease. There is slight discordant evidence about spontaneous renal recovery and
      graft survival rates in the SLE transplant population. The latter difference may
      relate to variances in the donor source (live-related versus cadaveric). The
      original report did not address the now well-recognized immediate- and long-term
      risks posed by the anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, the accelerated rate of
      vascular disease, hematologic malignancies, and corticosteroid osteoporosis in
      the SLE transplant recipient.

PMID- 9952284
TI  - Concentrations of leptin in the serum of pregnant, lactating, and cycling rats
      and of leptin messenger ribonucleic acid in rat placental tissue.
AB  - Leptin concentrations were measured in the serum of cycling, pregnant, and
      lactating Sprague-Dawley rats. Serum leptin concentrations did not vary
      significantly during the estrous cycle. In contrast, as gestation advanced, serum
      leptin concentrations increased significantly, p < 0.0001. Following delivery,
      leptin concentrations declined and remained stable during lactation. Leptin
      messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was identified in the visceral adipose tissue
      and placenta of rats sacrificed on days 14 and 21 of pregnancy. The relative
      abundance of placental leptin mRNA increased approximately 4 to 5 fold from day
      14 to 21 of gestation. The pattern of elevated leptin concentrations in the serum
      of late pregnant rats is similar to that reported in pregnant women, therefore
      the rat may be a useful model for the study of leptin during pregnancy. The
      increase in leptin in the serum of late pregnant rats, as well as an increase in
      placental mRNA, raises the possibility that leptin may serve a physiological role
      for the late parturient rat and/or its young.

PMID- 9952285
TI  - Growth inhibition of leukemic cells by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, the main
      constituent of green tea.
AB  - In this report, we presented the results that EGCG, the main constituent of the
      polyphenols present in Japanese green tea inhibited growth of leukemic cell lines
      of both human and mice. The proliferation of human leukemic cell lines and mouse
      NFS60 cell line was inhibited by EGCG. Sensitivity of each line to EGCG was
      different, and more than 50% of DNA synthesis was reduced in all the cell lines
      in the presence of 50 microM EGCG. On the other hand, normal hematopoietic
      progenitor cells retained their natural function of supplying mature cells of
      various lineages in the presence of less than 10 microM EGCG in vitro. Even in
      the presence of 100 microM EGCG, half the colonies containing all the lineages of
      cells were developed. All the dead cells of each line showed characteristics of
      apoptosis, which might be due to inhibition by EGCG of growth factors' signaling.
      Besides anticarcinogenic activity, EGCG is expected to have a new function for
      leukemia therapy without side effects.

PMID- 9952286
TI  - Intralymphocyte free magnesium and calcium and insulin tolerance test in a group
      of essential hypertensive patients.
AB  - In order to assess the links which are claimed to exist between peripheral
      insulin resistance and intracellular magnesium and calcium concentrations, we
      measured free intralymphocyte magnesium (Mg(i)) and calcium (Ca(i))
      concentrations as well as the rate constant of plasma glucose disappearance
      (K(itt)) after insulin injection (insulin tolerance test: ITT) in a group of 16
      normotensive control subjects (NC) and 34 essential hypertensive subjects (EH).
      Mg(i) and Ca(i) were measured in triplicate by means of a fluorimetric technique
      based on the dyes furaptra and fura-2 respectively. K(itt) values proved
      significantly reduced in EH as compared to NC (M +/- SD, EH: 4.49 +/- 1.31 vs
      5.28 +/- 1.19, P <0.05; 95% confidence limits: 0.23-1.5). Mg(i) and Ca(i) were
      not statistically different in EH as compared to NC subjects (Mg(i), NC: 266 +/-
      20 micromol/l; EH: 245 +/- 50 micromol/l; Ca(i), NC: 47 +/- 9 nmol/l EH: 46 +/-
      13 nmol/l). We found a statistically significant inverse correlation in the whole
      study group between K(itt) and body mass index (R= -0.363, P<0.01) and a
      statistically significant positive correlation between K(itt) and Mg(i) (R=0.347,
      P=0.013) was found. In a step-up multivariate regression analysis including blood
      pressure, plasma lipids, BMI, plasma magnesium, fasting insulin, fasting glucose,
      Mg(i) and Ca(i), the dependent variable K(itt) is statistically significantly
      correlated with body mass index and Mg(i). In a first attempt to study the
      relationships between insulin resistance, Mg(i) and Ca(i) in nucleated cells, the
      chosen index of peripheral resistance seems to be linked to intracellular free
      magnesium.

PMID- 9952287
TI  - Expression of lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokine serum levels and blood and
      urine trace elements in nickel sensitised women.
AB  - In this study, 20 non-allergic and 20 non-atopic women sensitised only to nickel
      (Ni) showed similar levels of urine and serum Ni and serum chromium (Cr). On the
      contrary, serum copper, a marker of inflammation, was significantly higher in the
      Ni-sensitised group. Sensitised women also had higher values of blood B CD19+,
      CD5--CD19+ and B and natural killer CD3--CD25+ lymphocytes, but not alterations
      of some other lymphocyte subsets and serum cytokines. Urine Ni was correlated
      with "memory" CD4+-CD45RO+ lymphocytes in the non-allergic women and with T CD4+
      CD45RO+ and CD3+-CD25+ cells in the atopic women; these subjects also showed a
      statistically significant correlation of serum Ni with B CD5+-CD19+ lymphocytes
      and serum IL-13. Moreover, serum Cr of both groups of women was positively or
      negatively correlated with activated HLA-DR+ cells and/or serum IL-5 and
      interferon gamma. These results (confirming in part those of a previous study on
      non-allergic men) suggest that both Ni and Cr are involved in mechanisms
      regulating the immune response and that allergy to these metals could be
      considered an alteration of their physiological role.

PMID- 9952288
TI  - Peripheral type benzodiazepine receptor in T lymphocyte rich preparation.
AB  - Some types of mood disorders and drugs are suggested to affect peripheral type
      benzodiazepine receptors (PBR), but their mechanisms are unclear. The isolation
      of pure lymphocytes is requisite for the investigation of the function of PBR on
      lymphocytes, since platelets and monocytes also have many PBR. The objective of
      this study was to establish a method of binding assay for PBR using pure T
      lymphocytes. Mononuclear cells and T lymphocytes were prepared by using a density
      gradient material and magnetic beads, respectively. The cells were analyzed using
      flow cytometry and a counting chamber. Binding studies were performed using T
      lymphocytes from 10 normal volunteers. The T lymphocytes were incubated with
      [3H]PK11195, harvested on glass fiber filters, and counted with a plate
      scintillation counter. The binding data were analyzed by the Scatchard method.
      With the magnetic bead technique, pure T cells were selected that contained only
      1.5% monocytes and platelet/cell ratio of 1.4. The Scatchard plot of the data
      indicated that only one type of specific binding site was involved in the
      binding. The dissociation constant (Kd) was 3.8+/-1.3nM (mean+/-SD), and the Bmax
      was 379+/-124 fmol//10(6) cells (mean+/-SD). The density gradient- magnetic beads
      technique can be used as an appropriate method of preparation of T cells for PBR
      binding assay.

PMID- 9952289
TI  - Excitatory mechanism of veratridine on slowly adapting pulmonary stretch
      receptors in anesthetized rabbits.
AB  - The excitatory effects of veratridine on slowly adapting pulmonary stretch
      receptors (SARs) were studied before and after administration of ouabain (a Na+
      K+ ATPase inhibitor) in anesthetized, artificially ventilated rabbits after vagus
      nerve section. Administration of veratridine (40 microg/kg) stimulated SAR
      activity but did not significantly alter tracheal pressure. Administration of
      ouabain (50 microg/kg) initially stimulated SAR activity during both inflation
      and deflation, but after 20 min, two different types of SAR responses were
      observed; one became silent at the peak, of inflation only, and the other
      maintained excitatory activity during both inflation and deflation phases.
      Veratridine usually inhibited SAR activity in ouabain-treated animals,
      irrespective of the difference of ouabain effects. These results suggest that
      veratridine-induced stimulation of SARs is closely related to the change in the
      Na+ ion gradient, which is regulated by Na+ pump activity.

PMID- 9952290
TI  - Cardiac effects of benzodiazepine receptor agonists and antagonists in the
      isolated rat heart: a comparative study.
AB  - Effects of PK 11195 and flumazenil on cardiac responses to diazepam, clonazepam
      and zolpidem were compared. Coronary flow rate was increased at relatively low
      doses of diazepam and decreased at higher doses. Clonazepam induced a dose
      dependent increase, and zolpidem a decrease of coronary flow rate. PK 11195
      reduced the diazepam-induced increase of coronary flow rate, and flumazenil was
      ineffective. Neither antagonist evoked substantial changes in the decrease of
      coronary flow rate. PK 11195, and less so flumazenil, antagonized the clonazepam
      induced increase. PK 11195 and flumazenil only in their highest doses suppressed
      and respectively potentiated the zolpidem-induced decrease. Inotropy showed a
      biphasic response in the presence of diazepam, i.e. an initial transient
      decrease, followed by a dose-dependent increase in two steps. Clonazepam induced
      a similar response. Zolpidem increased the inotropy. The negative inotropic
      response induced by diazepam did not change significantly in the presence of PK
      11195 or flumazenil. The positive inotropic response was suppressed by PK 11195,
      and less so by flumazenil. The negative response to clonazepam was antagonized by
      both PK 11195 and flumazenil; the positive response was not significantly
      changed. In the presence of lower doses of PK 11195, the zolpidem-induced
      response was potentiated, whereas higher doses produced reversal; flumazenil
      potentiated the response. In conclusion, the results support earlier suggestions,
      involving receptor mechanisms with cardiac effects of benzodiazepines. Both
      agonists and antagonists (inter)act in a different manner, suggesting that rather
      ambiguous receptor mechanisms are involved in benzodiazepine effects in the
      heart.

PMID- 9952291
TI  - Effects of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) enriched diet on serum antioxidant
      activity in pre-and overtly diabetic nod mice.
AB  - Preventive (antioxidant activity) and chain-breaking (total peroxyl radical
      trapping parameter) antioxidants in the serum of controls and butylated
      hydroxytoluene (BHT)-diet enriched nonobese diabetic (NOD) and C57B16/J mice from
      5 to 25 weeks of age are measured in this study. A significant decrease in the
      overall potency of both antioxidant types is demonstrated in NOD untreated
      controls but not in animals whose diet was BHT-enriched. Therefore, we show that
      alterations of the antioxidant status in NOD mice is efficaciously counteracted
      by BHT.

PMID- 9952292
TI  - Enterostatin (Val-Pro-Asp-Pro-Arg)-like immunoreactivity in rat urine:
      relationship to corticosterone output.
AB  - Numerous studies have documented a role for enterostatins in appetitive behavior.
      However, due to the lack of knowledge about the distribution of enterostatins in
      tissues and body fluids, it has not been possible to examine the role of
      endogenous enterostatin in this process. To this end, using a polyclonal antibody
      raised against enterostatin -- Val-Pro-Asp-Pro-Arg (VPDPR), we examined the
      nature and distribution of enterostatin-like immunoreactivity in the rat urine by
      ELISA and chromatography. The results reported here show for the first time the
      presence of VPDPR-like immunoreactivity (VPDPR-LI) in rat urine. Further
      characterization of rat urine VPDPR-LI revealed that it is not due to VPDPR but
      to another peptide similar to VPDPR. Furthermore, as urinary excretion of
      corticosterone increases, the level of VPDPR-LI in urine decreases.

PMID- 9952293
TI  - Reactivity of homocysteine-thiolactone and alpha-methylhomocysteine-thiolactone
      with e-(aq) and OH-radical: a pulse radiolysis study.
AB  - The efficient radiation protecting agents homocysteine-thiolactone x HCl (HCTL x
      HCl) and its alpha-alkylated derivative (alpha-methyl-homocysteine, alpha-MHCTL x
      HCl) have been investigated in respect to the identification of the primarily
      formed species after absorption of ionizing radiation using pulse radiolysis
      technique.The reaction of e-(aq) with the unprotonated form of HCTL (k = 2.1 x
      10(9) dm3 mol(-1) s(-1)) is leading to the formation of a radical anion having
      two absorption bands: at 275 nm (epsilon = 2500 dm3 mol(-1) cm(-1)) and 510 nm
      (epsilon = 930 dm3 mol(-1) cm(-1)), which decay with 2k = 2.3 x 10(9) dm3 mol(-1)
      s(-1). The protonated form of HCTL reacts with e-(aq) with k = 4.0 x 10(10) dm3
      mol(-1) s(-1). The OH-radicals react with HCTL with k = 1.95 x 10(9) dm 3 mol(-1)
      x s(-1) resulting in a transient spectrum with lambda(max) = 265 nm (epsilon
      =2000 dm3 mol(-1) cm(-1)). The transients disappear with 2k = 2.1 x 10(9) dm3
      mol(-1) s(-1). The reactivity of e-(aq) with alpha-MHCTL was determined for both
      forms: for the protonated, k = 1.25 x 10(10) dm3 mol(-1) s(-1) and for the
      unprotonated, k = 2.6 x 10(9) dm3 mol(-1) s(-1). The transient absorption
      spectrum at pH = 8.4 shows two absorption bands: lambda = 275 nm (epsilon = 3500
      dm3 x mol(-1) x cm(-1)) and 490 nm (epsilon = 1160 dm3 x mol(-1) x cm(-1)). The
      transients disappear with 2k = 2.2 x 10(9) dm3 x mol(-1) x s(-1). The reaction of
      OH with alpha-MHCTL x HCl,k = 8.4 x 10(9) dm3 x mol(-1) x s(-1) (pH = 8.6) is
      resulting in an absorption spectrum with lambda(max) < 260 nm and an absorption
      band at 350 nm (epsilon = 510 dm3 x mol(-1) x cm(-1)). Up to 50 micros after
      pulse the transients decay with 2k = 5.5 x 10(9) dm3 x mol(-1) x s(-1) and
      thereafter by a k = 8.4 x 10(9) dm3 x mol(-1) x s(-1) (pH = 8.6) is resulting in
      an absorption spectrum with lambda(max) < 260 nm and an absorption band at 350 nm
      (epsilon = 510 dm3 x mol(-1) x cm(-1)). Up to 50 micros after pulse the
      transients decay with 2k = 5.5 x 10(9) dm3 x mol(-1) x s(-1) and thereafter by a
      first order reaction. In addition, the formation of some products was also
      studied. The yield of ammonia resulting from alpha-MHCTL x HCl strongly depends
      on pH, e.g. at pH = 5.1 Gi (NH3) = 0.95, whereas at pH = 9.15 it increases to Gi
      = 3.1. Hydrogen sulphide is formed in airfree solutions, Gi (H2S) = 0.29, whereas
      in the presence of N2O it is reduced to Gi (H2S) = 0.10. Some probable reaction
      mechanisms are presented.

PMID- 9952294
TI  - Effects of stress on amino acids and related compounds in various tissues of
      fasted rats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of stress on the free amino
      acid pattern of plasma and various organs. Two groups of rats were deprived of
      food, for 24 hrs. One group was sacrificed after this time (fasting control
      representing mostly free endogenous amino acids) and the second group was first
      restrained in wire cages for 120 min before being sacrificed (fasting stress
      representing mostly the effects of stress on endogenous free amino acids). A
      third group had free access to food and was sacrificed at the same time (fed
      control representing mostly free amino acids absorbed from the gut and endogenous
      free amino acid metabolism). Fasting (as compared to fed controls) reduced
      alanine and arginine but increased ethanolamine, glutamic acid and glutamine in
      the plasma; increased ethanolamine, phosphoethanolamine and glutamic acid in the
      liver; increased carnosine, glutamic acid, phosphoethanolamine and glutamine in
      the ventricle; increased oxidized glutathione in the aorta; decreased alanine,
      aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine and methionine and increased glutamine in
      the pancreas; and decreased arginine in skeletal muscle. Fasting plus stress (as
      compared to fasting controls) reduced alanine and glutamine in the plasma;
      increased methionine in the liver; increased ethanolamine, GABA, and glutamic
      acid in the aorta; reduced arginine, glutamic acid, glutamine, leucine and
      methionine but increased ethanolamine in the ventricle; reduced ammonia and
      ethanolamine but increased histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine,
      tyrosine and valine in the pancreas; and reduced ammonia in skeletal muscle.
      Fasting plus stress affects the amino acid composition of plasma and various of
      tissues but effects seen were individually different and strongly substance and
      tissue specific. Plasma changes did not coincide with tissue changes. Changes in
      the endogenous pattern of amino acids and related compounds in response to stress
      could be first indications of stress induced organ pathology.

PMID- 9952295
TI  - Risks for radiation-induced breast cancer: the debate continues.

PMID- 9952296
TI  - The radiation-induced S-phase checkpoint is independent of CDKN1A.
AB  - We recently demonstrated that, in response to radiation, replication is down
      regulated at the level of individual origins throughout S phase of the cell
      cycle. Since several in vitro studies demonstrate that CDKN1A (formerly known as
      p21) down-regulates replication by inhibiting PCNA, and since CDKN1A can retard
      progression of cells through S phase in vivo, the question arises whether CDKN1A
      is involved in the S-phase damage-sensing pathway. In the present study we
      analyzed the effect of ionizing radiation on CDKN1A+/+ and CDKN1A-/- cells
      derived from the HCT 116 cell line. Neither progression of cells through S phase
      nor survival after exposure to ionizing radiation is influenced by CDKN1A status
      in either synchronous or asynchronous cells. These results establish that CDKN1A
      is not necessary for the acute S-phase damage-sensing pathway that functions to
      prevent firing of replication origins during S phase.

PMID- 9952297
TI  - Increased hydroxyl radical production and apoptosis in PC12 neuron cells
      expressing the gain-of-function mutant G93A SOD1 gene.
AB  - Mutations of the SOD1 gene (formerly known as Cu,Zn-SOD) are frequently
      associated with the familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The
      G93A mutation of SOD1 with substitution of Gly to Ala at residue 93 results in
      gain of a peroxidative function. Here we report that transfection of PC12 neuron
      precursor cells with the G93A mutation of SOD1 results in increased production of
      hydroxyl radicals (*OH) and an enhanced rate of cell death by apoptosis. Notably,
      PC12 cells transfected with the H63C/G93A mutant of SOD1 with a mutation in the
      catalytic site that converts histidine at position 63 to cysteine showed a
      dramatically reduced production of *OH and rate of death by apoptosis. Thus the
      gain of function of the mutant G93A SOD1 can be reduced by an active site
      mutation. These results provide additional genetic evidence for the hypothesis
      that the increased *OH production and induced cytotoxicity in neuron cells
      expressing the mutant G93A SOD1 results from the gain of peroxidative function by
      the enzyme's catalytic site.

PMID- 9952298
TI  - Low frequency of Ras gene mutation in spontaneous and gamma-ray-induced thymic
      lymphomas of scid mice.
AB  - Scid mice, which have a defect in the capacity to repair DNA double-strand
      breaks, were highly prone to the induction of thymic lymphomas after exposure to
      ionizing radiation; approximately 70% of mice developed lymphomas within 1 year
      after exposure to 1-3 Gy, whereas approximately 20% of unirradiated control mice
      developed lymphomas. To gain information on the possible role of Ras activation
      in development of thymic lymphomas in scid mice, we have examined both the
      frequency and the spectrum of Kras and Nras mutations in spontaneous and
      radiation-induced lymphomas. Neither activated Kras nor Nras genes were detected
      in spontaneous lymphomas, while Kras mutations increased in a dose-dependent
      manner in radiation-induced lymphomas. However, Kras mutations were infrequent
      (6% in lymphomas in mice exposed to 1 Gy, 12.5% in those exposed to 2 Gy, 16.7%
      in those exposed to 3 Gy), and no mutations were detected in Nras genes,
      suggesting that Ras mutation was not significantly involved in the development of
      thymic lymphomas in scid mice. Analysis of the spectrum of Kras mutations
      demonstrated unique mutations in both codons 13 (GGC to GAC) and 61 (CAA to CTA)
      in addition to the commonly identified substitution of GAT for GGT in codon 12 of
      Kras.

PMID- 9952299
TI  - Radiation-induced progressive decrease in fluid secretion in rat submandibular
      glands is related to decreased acinar volume and not impaired calcium signaling.
AB  - The mechanism(s) of radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction is poorly
      understood. In the present study, we have assessed the secretory function
      (muscarinic agonist-stimulated saliva flow, intracellular calcium mobilization,
      Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransport activity) in rat submandibular glands 12 months
      postirradiation (single dose, 10 Gy). The morphological status of glands from
      control and irradiated rats was also determined. Pilocarpine-stimulated salivary
      flow was decreased by 67% at 12 months (but not at 3 months) after irradiation.
      This was associated with a 47% decrease in the wet weight of the irradiated
      glands. Histological and morphometric analysis demonstrated that acinar cells
      were smaller and occupied relatively less volume and convoluted granular tubules
      were smaller but occupied the same relative volume, while intercalated and
      striated ducts maintained their size but occupied a greater relative volume in
      submandibular glands from irradiated compared to control animals. In addition, no
      inflammation or fibrosis was observed in the irradiated tissues. Carbachol- or
      thapsigargin-stimulated mobilization of Ca2+ was similar in dispersed
      submandibular gland cells from control and irradiated animals. Further, [Ca2+]i
      imaging of individual ducts and acini from control and irradiated groups showed,
      for the first time, that mobilization of Ca2+ in either cell type was not altered
      by the radiation treatment. The carbachol-stimulated, bumetanide-sensitive
      component of the Na+/K+/ 2Cl- cotransport activity was also similar in
      submandibular gland cells from control and irradiated animals. These data
      demonstrate that a single dose of gamma radiation induces a progressive loss of
      submandibular gland tissue and function. This loss of salivary flow is not due to
      chronic inflammation or fibrosis of the gland or an alteration in the
      neurotransmitter signaling mechanism in the acinar or ductal cells. The radiation
      induced decrease in fluid secretion appears to be related to a change in either
      the water-handling capacity of the acini or the number of acinar cells in the
      gland.

PMID- 9952302
TI  - Halogen anion formation in 5-halouracil films: X rays compared to subionization
      electrons.
AB  - The radiosensitization properties of 5-halouracils (5-FU, 5-BrU and 5-IU), i.e.
      the enhanced sensitivity of biological media containing these compounds to
      ionizing radiation, have been studied using surface science methods. We show that
      soft X rays and near 0 eV electrons both induce dissociation of 5-halouracils
      into a halogen anion and a uracilyl radical. The yield of anions from 5-FU is
      much smaller than that from the bromo- and iodo-analogs. We explain the high
      anion yields in 5-BrU and 5-IU with dissociative electron attachment (DEA) of
      near 0 eV electrons. The thermodynamic threshold for DEA to 5-FU is near 2 eV and
      therefore prohibits dissociation by near 0 eV electrons.

PMID- 9952301
TI  - Comparison of strand breaks in plasmid DNA after positional changes of Auger
      electron-emitting iodine-125.
AB  - To elucidate the kinetics of the induction of DNA strand breaks by low-energy
      Auger electron emitters, we compared the yields of DNA breaks in supercoiled
      pUC19 DNA after the decay of 125I (1) in proximity to DNA after minor-groove
      binding (125I-iodoHoechst 33342, 125IH) and (2) at a distance from DNA (125I
      iodoantipyrine, 125IAP). Iodine-125 bound to the minor groove in DNA or free in
      solution is equally effective per decay in producing single-strand breaks (SSBs),
      while 125I bound to the minor groove is 6.7-fold more efficient than 125I free in
      solution in producing double-strand breaks (DSBs) (1.08 +/- 0.13 compared to 0.16
      +/- 0.01 DSB/decay). Consequently, SSB to DSB ratios for 125IAP and gamma
      radiation (20.7 +/- 2.9 and 43.8 +/- 1.5, respectively) are greater than that for
      125IH (2.9 +/- 0.4). Finally, the decay of 125IH leads to fragmentation of
      plasmid DNA beyond SSBs and DSBs.

PMID- 9952300
TI  - Wortmannin sensitizes mammalian cells to radiation by inhibiting the DNA
      dependent protein kinase-mediated rejoining of double-strand breaks.
AB  - Wortmannin has been shown to be an efficient radiosensitizer. Since wortmannin is
      able to inhibit DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and double-strand break
      (DSB) rejoining, it is believed that its mechanism of radiation sensitization is
      through the inhibition of DNA-PK-mediated repair of DSBs. However, since
      wortmannin is not a specific inhibitor, the possibility that other kinases are
      inhibited and thereby may contribute to radiosensitization cannot be ruled out.
      Here we present data confirming the radiosensitizing effect of wortmannin on
      cells of different cell lines. In the same range of wortmannin concentrations,
      survival after exposure to ionizing radiation correlated well with DSB rejoining
      and the induction of micronuclei, suggesting that the inhibition of the
      processing of DSBs is involved in the sensitizing effect. Pretreatment with
      wortmannin enhanced the radiosensitivity of ataxia telangiectasia (AT) cells,
      thereby precluding the participation of ATM protein in the radiation
      sensitization by wortmannin. At the same time, irradiated DNA-PK-deficient cells
      were not significantly affected by pretreatment with wortmannin. These
      observations support a likely mechanism; that is, wortmannin sensitizes cells to
      radiation through inhibition of the DNA-PK-mediated rejoining of DSBs.

PMID- 9952303
TI  - Radiation-induced DNA damage in tumors and normal tissues: V. Influence of pH and
      nutrient depletion on the formation of DNA-protein crosslinks in irradiated
      partially and fully hypoxic tumor cells.
AB  - It has been demonstrated that the yield of radiation-induced DNA strand breaks
      and DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) appears to depend predominantly on the oxygen
      concentration in the microenvironment around the DNA of mammalian cells (Radiat.
      Res. 142, 163-168, 1995). Consequently, these DNA lesions have the potential to
      be used to detect hypoxic cells or estimate the hypoxic fraction of solid tumors.
      Although it has been demonstrated that physiological factors (e.g. pH,
      temperature, nutrient depletion, etc.) have no influence on the induction and
      repair of both DNA strand breaks and DPCs in irradiated oxygenated cells (Radiat.
      Res. 140, 321-326, 1994), there are no data to suggest how these physiological
      factors influence the induction and repair of DNA strand breaks and DPCs in
      irradiated partially hypoxic or fully hypoxic cells. In the present study, the
      influence of pH (6.6-7.3) and nutrient depletion on the formation and/or repair
      of radiation-induced DNA strand breaks and DPCs in partially hypoxic (O2
      concentration in the gas phase of 2.0-8.0%) or fully hypoxic (O2 concentration in
      the gas phase of 0.3-0.4%) populations of exponential (day 3) and plateau-phase
      (day 5) 9L rat brain tumor cells in culture was determined. Each population of
      cells was irradiated at 37 degrees C with 15 Gy and trypsinized at 4 degrees C
      after one half-time of strand break repair at 37 degrees C, and the DNA damage
      was measured using our alkaline elution technique, with or without proteinase K
      (PK) in the lysis solution. An analysis of the DNA-protein crosslink factor as a
      function of the oxygen concentration and a statistical comparison of the single
      strand scission factor measured at eluted fraction 7 (SSSF7), with or without PK
      in the lysis solution, indicate that pH and nutrient depletion do not
      significantly influence the formation and/or repair of DNA strand breaks and DPCs
      in irradiated partially hypoxic or fully hypoxic 9L cells. The data also
      demonstrate that the DNA lesions produced in irradiated partially hypoxic cells
      will cause the hypoxic fraction or fractional hypoxic volume to be overestimated
      by this DNA damage assay, not underestimated. However, this potential
      overestimation of the hypoxic fraction or fractional hypoxic volume should not
      limit the usefulness of this DNA damage assay in most laboratory studies, because
      it will take the contribution of a large cohort of partially hypoxic cells to
      overcome the dominance of the signal from a relatively small cohort of fully
      hypoxic cells.

PMID- 9952304
TI  - Induction of intracellular calcium oscillations in human skin fibroblast
      populations by sinusoidal extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (20 Hz, 8 mT)
      is dependent on the differentiation state of the single cell.
AB  - Experiments were performed to analyze whether short-term exposure to a sinusoidal
      extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (20 Hz, 8 mT) can alter the
      dynamics of intracellular calcium in diploid human skin fibroblasts. In
      heterogeneous fibroblast populations, about 30% of the cells responded with a
      change in the oscillation activity of intracellular calcium within 40 min. It was
      demonstrated at the level of the single cell that the responsiveness of
      fibroblast populations to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields depends
      on the specific differentiation state of the exposed cell. The data obtained
      clearly indicate that mitotic progenitor fibroblasts respond with an enhancement
      of the dynamics of calcium, whereas in postmitotic fibrocytes a reduction of the
      dynamics was observed when the cells were co-stimulated with suboptimal
      concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor. Thus data from our laboratory
      on terminal differentiation induced by extremely low-frequency electromagnetic
      fields may be correlated with changes in the dynamics of Ca2+ reported here.

PMID- 9952305
TI  - Increased DNA synthesis in INIT/10T1/2 cells after exposure to a 60 Hz magnetic
      field: a magnetic-field or a thermal effect?
AB  - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that a 0.1-0.8-mT 60 Hz magnetic
      field may act as a promoter of carcinogenesis. C3H 10T1/2 mouse fibroblasts
      initiated with the carcinogen methylcholanthrene (INIT/10T1/2 cells) were used;
      in these cells, expression of the carcinogenic phenotype is suppressed
      indefinitely by the presence of retinyl acetate in the culture medium. After
      withdrawal of retinyl acetate, expression of the carcinogenic phenotype may be
      observed as the loss of contact inhibition. Cells grown without retinyl acetate
      were exposed to 0.1-0.8-mT (rms) 60 Hz magnetic fields or to sham fields. Eight
      days after exposure, magnetic-field and sham-exposed cells showed the same levels
      of incorporation of [3H]thymidine, and both had counts significantly higher than
      those of unexposed cells. The rate of incorporation of [3H]thymidine was very
      sensitive to small (0.1-0.8 degrees C) and transient (60 min) increases in
      incubation temperature during the first few days of withdrawal of retinyl
      acetate. Exposure of Jurkat (human acute T-cell lymphoma) and GH3 (rat pituitary
      tumor) cells to magnetic fields and sham conditions yielded similar results.
      INIT/10T1/2 cells cultured in the presence of retinyl acetate showed no effect of
      exposure conditions. Both magnetic-field and sham exposures caused a slight
      increase in temperature within the exposure zone in the incubator. Thus the
      differences between rates of incorporation of [3H]thymidine in magnetic field
      exposed, sham-exposed and unexposed cells seem to be attributable at least in
      part to a slight elevation in temperature during exposure. Since some cells
      appear to be extremely sensitive to small increases in temperature, measurements
      of magnetic-field effects must be made and interpreted with caution.

PMID- 9952306
TI  - Two-step model for the risk of fatal and incidental lung tumors in rats exposed
      to radon.
AB  - Data from 4276 rats with radon exposures up to 10,000 WLM at rates up to 1000 WL
      are analyzed with a two-step clonal expansion model. The age dependences of the
      hazard for the risks for fatal and for incidental tumors are very different.
      Therefore, two different parameterizations of the model are used in the two
      cases. In both cases radiation acts only on the initiating mutation and the
      clonal expansion, but not on the second mutation. Average exposure rates of 5 WL
      for fatal tumors and 0.5 WL for incidental tumors double the rate of spontaneous
      mutations. While the fatal tumors show a linear increase in the effective clonal
      expansion rate up to about 100 WL average exposure rate and a saturation at
      higher exposure rates, the incidental tumors follow a step-like behavior of this
      parameter. It is proposed that only the fatal lung tumors among the rats be used
      for generalizations to models for lung cancer in humans. The fitted model for
      fatal tumors shows an inverse dose-rate effect at average exposure rates above 20
      WL. However, below 10 WL the lung cancer risk per unit exposure decreases with
      increasing duration of exposure. Between 10 and 20 WL, the difference in ERR/WLM
      between acute and protracted exposure is small.

PMID- 9952307
TI  - Comparison of breast cancer incidence in the Massachusetts tuberculosis
      fluoroscopy cohort and in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors.
AB  - Breast cancer has occurred in excess among women exposed briefly to atomic bomb
      radiation and among those exposed repeatedly over many years to medical radiation
      for tuberculosis (TB). The excess relative risk of breast cancer incidence in the
      Japanese atomic bomb survivors, however, is significantly higher (two-sided P =
      0.04) than that in the Massachusetts TB fluoroscopy patients. The best estimate
      of the ratio between the excess relative risk coefficients for the Japanese and
      Massachusetts cohorts is 2.11 (95% CI 1.05, 4.95). However, this higher relative
      excess risk is attributable to the lower baseline risk of breast cancer among
      Japanese women compared with the Massachusetts women, and the excess absolute
      breast cancer risks in the two data sets are statistically indistinguishable (two
      sided P = 0.32). The best estimate of the ratio between the excess absolute risk
      coefficients among Japanese and Massachusetts women is 0.73 (95% CI 0.41, 1.44).
      After childhood exposures, an early onset of radiation-induced breast cancer was
      seen among Japanese atomic bomb survivors but not among the Massachusetts women.
      There are some indications (two-sided P = 0.04) of differences in the patterns of
      risk over time since exposure between these groups exposed in childhood. However,
      in general there are no marked differences between the Massachusetts and Japanese
      data sets in the age and time distribution of risk of radiation-induced breast
      cancer. These data provide little evidence for a reduction of breast cancer risk
      after fractionated irradiation.

PMID- 9952308
TI  - Does fractionation decrease the risk of breast cancer induced by low-LET
      radiation?
AB  - Whether fractionation decreases the risk of breast cancer induced by low-LET
      radiation is a question of some importance. Analyses of the data for TB cohorts
      who were exposed to multiple fluoroscopies show an apparently similar breast
      cancer risk compared with those for the acutely exposed A-bomb survivors.
      However, the fluoroscopy cohorts were subjected to very much lower-energy photons
      (60-80 kVp) compared with the A-bomb survivors; the increased RBE associated with
      the low photon energies to which these fluoroscopy cohorts were exposed suggests
      that, in comparison to the risk estimates for the A-bomb survivors, the risk
      estimates from the X-ray fluoroscopy cohorts are increased because of the lower
      energy X rays and decreased by a similar amount due to fractionation, resulting
      in an overall apparent equality of risk. Thus the results from the most powerful
      epidemiological data sets available for assessing breast cancer risks after
      fractionated exposure to low-LET radiation (the fluoroscopy cohorts) are quite
      consistent with a lower radiation risk for a fractionated exposure in comparison
      to an acute exposure. In general, for any cancer site, estimates of the dose-rate
      effectiveness factor (DDREF) generated by comparing the results for A-bomb
      survivors with those for the TB fluoroscopy cohorts should probably be roughly
      doubled from their apparent values because of the increased RBE of the
      fluoroscopy X rays.

PMID- 9952309
TI  - Chemokine receptors--future therapeutic targets for HIV?
AB  - To date, triple drug therapies for HIV have resulted in spectacular reductions in
      the number of virus particles and often remarkable recovery from disease in
      infected people. There is still, however, a great need for improved therapies. A
      battery of drugs aimed at different stages in the life cycle of HIV will enable
      switching of treatments if resistant viruses emerge or if patients are unable to
      tolerate particular therapies. Intense efforts are now underway to produce drugs
      that target chemokine receptors used by HIV to gain entry into cells. HIV needs
      two receptors on the host cell surface for efficient attachment and infection.
      HIV first interacts with CD4 but requires a coreceptor to penetrate the cell
      membrane. The first coreceptor, identified in 1996, is a member of the family of
      chemokine receptors, members of the G-protein coupled 7TM superfamily, which are
      involved in the trafficking of leukocytes in immune surveillance and
      inflammation. Such a therapeutic approach would differ from those used
      successfully to date, which focus largely on proteins coded by the HIV virus
      itself, and which are required for the replicative cycle of the virus. Many
      small, orally bioavailable molecules that block various 7TM receptors are used to
      treat a panoply of diseases including ulcers, allergies, migraines, and
      schizophrenia. These molecules are the cornerstone of the pharmaceutical
      industry's contribution to the fight against so many diseases, and it is hoped
      that a small molecule inhibitor of coreceptors can be developed that will become
      an invaluable drug in the fight against AIDS.

PMID- 9952310
TI  - Integrated cytochrome P450 reaction phenotyping: attempting to bridge the gap
      between cDNA-expressed cytochromes P450 and native human liver microsomes.
AB  - With the increased availability of human liver tissue, recombinant (cDNA
      expressed) cytochrome P450 proteins (rCYPs), and knowledge of the human CYP pool
      (e.g. immunoquantitated levels of each CYP form in native liver microsomes), it
      is now possible to carry out in vitro "CYP reaction phenotyping" in an integrated
      manner. Reaction phenotyping allows one to identify which CYP form(s) is (are)
      involved in the metabolism of a given drug, using a combination of data obtained
      with native human liver microsomes and rCYP proteins. The following describes how
      one can attempt to integrate such data. A total of ten drugs are included in the
      analysis, represented by twelve reactions (six hydroxylations, two O
      demethylations, one N-demethylation, one O-deethylation, and two sulfoxidations)
      that are largely catalyzed (> or =20%) by various combinations of CYPs (CYP3A4,
      CYP2C9, CYP1A2, and CYP2D6), and characterized by a wide range of apparent Km
      values (12-820 microM). Briefly, reaction rates measured with individual rCYPs
      are normalized with respect to the nominal specific content of the corresponding
      CYP in native human liver microsomes. In turn, the normalized rates for each rCYP
      are summed, yielding a "total normalized rate" (TNR), and the normalized rate for
      each rCYP is expressed as a percent of the TNR (% TNR). Finally, % TNR is related
      to inhibition (percent inhibition in the presence of CYP form selective chemical
      inhibitors; % I) and univariate regression analysis (r > or = 0.63; P < or =
      0.05; N > or = 10 different livers) data obtained with native human liver
      microsomes. Therefore, the reaction phenotype of a drug is assigned by
      integrating all three data sets (r, % TNR, and % I).

PMID- 9952311
TI  - Structural and functional impairment of mitochondria in adriamycin-induced
      cardiomyopathy in mice: suppression of cytochrome c oxidase II gene expression.
AB  - The use of adriamycin (ADR) in cancer chemotherapy has been limited due to its
      cumulative cardiovascular toxicity. Earlier observations that ADR interacts with
      mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and suppresses its enzyme activity led
      us to investigate ADR's action on the cardiovascular functions and heart
      mitochondrial morphology in Balb-c mice i.p. treated with ADR for several weeks.
      At various times during treatment, the animals were assessed for cardiovascular
      functions by electrocardiography and for heart tissue damage by electron
      microscopy. In parallel, total RNA was extracted from samples of dissected heart
      and analyzed by Northern blot hybridization to determine the steady-state level
      of three RNA transcripts encoded by the COXII, COXIII, and COXIV genes.
      Similarly, samples obtained from the liver of the same animals were analyzed for
      comparative studies. Our results indicated that 1) treatment of mice with ADR
      caused cardiovascular arrhythmias characterized by bradycardia, extension of
      ventricular depolarization time (tQRS), and failure of QRS at high concentrations
      (10-14 mg/kg body weight cumulative dose); 2) the heart mitochondria underwent
      swelling, fusion, dissolution, and/or disruption of mitochondrial cristae after
      several weeks of treatment. Such abnormalities were not observed in the
      mitochondria of liver tissue; and 3) among the three genes of COX enzyme
      examined, only COXII gene expression was suppressed by ADR treatment, mainly
      after 8 weeks in both heart and liver. Knowing that heart mitochondria represent
      almost 40% of heart muscle by weight, we conclude that the deteriorating effects
      of ADR on cardiovascular function involve mitochondrial structural and functional
      impairment.

PMID- 9952312
TI  - Identification of a novel complement-dependent serum-elicited inward current in
      the Xenopus oocyte provoking Ca2+ influx and subsequent activation of Cl-
      channels.
AB  - The membrane spanning complement channel is assumed to be a nonselective ion
      'pore', although little evidence is available to support this hypothesis. In this
      paper we provide evidence that Ca2+ entry and Cl- exit occur rapidly after
      complement activation and precede the development of a long-lasting complement
      dependent inward current. Addition of rabbit serum (a source of heterologous
      complement) and mouse anti-human insulin receptor antibody to a single Xenopus
      oocyte expressing human insulin receptor was shown to stimulate an initial
      hyperpolarising current followed by a sustained depolarising current. On voltage
      clamping the oocyte, a novel long-lasting inward current generated by serum
      addition was detected. Complement classical pathway-stimulated calcium influx
      into the oocyte was directly demonstrated using 45Ca influx measurements. In
      addition, we found that Ca2+ influx was required for the stimulation of the
      complement alternative pathway-dependent inward current. The novel conductance
      elicited by the classical pathway was outwardly rectifying, had a reversal
      potential of -35 +/- 8 mV (or -52 +/- 7 mV in the presence of chloride channel
      inhibitors), was inhibited by nifedipine, and was observed in the presence but
      not in the absence of the pore-forming complement component C9. As overactivation
      of complement does play a role in many inflammatory or autoimmune diseases,
      inhibition of early complement-mediated ion flux might restrict tissue damage and
      aid recovery from such diseases.

PMID- 9952313
TI  - Influence of the antiallergic drug oxatomide and derivatives on membrane
      structures: relation with inhibition of calcium influx in rat basophilic leukemia
      cells.
AB  - Oxatomide is an H1 antihistaminic drug that also inhibits mediator release from
      mast cells. From previous studies, it appeared that inhibition of the influx of
      extracellular calcium is the major cause of this inhibition of exocytosis. Here,
      we explored the role of drug-membrane interactions in the inhibition of mediator
      release. We investigated the effects on phase transition and fluidity of
      artificial membranes. All compounds studied distorted the phase transition in L
      alpha-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes, which correlated with the drug
      induced increase in membrane fluidity measured by fluorescence anisotropy of the
      bilayer interacting probe 1-[4-(trimethylamino)-phenyl]-6-phenylhexa-1,3,5
      triene. Erythrocytes were used to study membrane effects on a cellular level. The
      hypotonic-induced haemolysis of erythrocytes was inhibited by the drugs.
      Compounds which increased membrane fluidity of liposomes to a greater extent were
      also more active in decreasing haemolysis. Drug-induced disturbance of the
      membranes is related to their effect on the activity of store-operated Ca2+
      channels. The activity of these channels in rat basophilic leukemia cells,
      assayed as 45Ca2+ influx, was most effectively inhibited by oxatomide
      derivatives, thereby inducing a more rigid membrane structure. Small changes in
      molecular structure affect the activity of the drugs and these structure-activity
      relations are discussed.

PMID- 9952314
TI  - The high-affinity binding of [3H]norharman ([3H]beta-carboline) to the ethanol
      inducible cytochrome P450 2E1 in rat liver.
AB  - High-affinity binding sites of [3H]norharman (synonymous: [3H]beta-carboline)
      were characterized in microsomal membranes from rat liver utilizing various beta
      carboline (BC) derivatives and substances binding to enzymes of the cytochrome
      P450 (CYP) superfamily (EC 1.14.14.1). Saturation experiments demonstrated that
      [3H]norharman binds with high-affinity (dissociation constant 20.86 nM; maximum
      binding 21.40 pmol/mg protein). Displacement experiments with the beta-carboline
      derivatives 6-methyl-BC and 6-hydroxy-BC revealed a better adaptation to the two
      site model, indicating that [3H]norharman binds to at least two sites, with an
      affinity of the high-affinity site in the low nM range. Substances binding with
      relative preference to isozymes of the CYP superfamily displaced [3H]norharman
      with a lesser potency than unlabeled norharman. Imidazole, pyrazole, and 4
      methylpyrazole, known as inducers of the ethanol-inducible CYP2E1, displaced
      [3H]norharman with relative high potency. Furthermore, binding experiments with
      microsomes from human lymphoblast-expressed rat CYP2E1 revealed a high-affinity
      binding site [inhibition constant (Ki) 13.21 nM] comparable to that of microsomal
      membranes for norharman. It was displaceable by ethanol (Ki 14.25 microM),
      indicating that norharman and ethanol bind to the same binding site on CYP2E1. In
      vivo experiments with rats which had ingested ethanol for two weeks revealed that
      norharman blood plasma levels were significantly elevated at the end of this
      period, supporting the notion of an interaction of norharman and ethanol
      metabolism. Since it has been demonstrated in the Ames test that norharman's
      comutagenic action is connected with microsomal membranes (containing CYP
      isozymes), the present findings suggest that the observed increase in the levels
      of norharman in alcoholics leads to further CYP enzyme induction and thereby
      contributes to the increased risk of carcinomas in these patients.

PMID- 9952315
TI  - Greater synergism of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists with vitamin D3 than
      that of retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists with regard to growth inhibition and
      differentiation induction in monoblastic leukemia cells.
AB  - Retinoids and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) cooperatively induce the
      differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells. We investigated the role of retinoid
      receptors (RARs and RXRs) in the combined effects of retinoids and VD3 on growth
      inhibition and differentiation induction in human monoblastic leukemia U937 cells
      by using RAR- or RXR-selective retinoids. An isobologram analysis showed that
      both combinations were synergistic with regard to inhibiting the proliferation,
      and RAR agonists exhibited greater synergism with VD3 than did RXR agonists. RXR
      agonists alone induced nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction and expression of
      CD11b in U937 cells, whereas RAR agonists alone did not. On the other hand, RAR
      agonists and RXR agonists enhanced the differentiation induced by VD3, but RXR
      agonists required higher concentrations. An RAR antagonist inhibited the
      differentiation induced by RAR agonists plus VD3, but not that induced by RXR
      agonists plus VD3. Thus, RARs and RXRs act differently in their synergism with
      VD3. RAR agonists are more potent than RXR agonists with regard to synergism with
      VD3, and their combination may be useful in differentiation therapy against
      myeloid leukemia.

PMID- 9952317
TI  - Agonist-induced release of splice variants of the alpha subunit of the
      stimulatory G-protein from rat cardiac membranes.
AB  - It was the aim of the present study to evaluate whether, in physiological cardiac
      tissue, long and short splice variants of G(s)alpha (the alpha subunit of the
      stimulatory G-protein) differ in their susceptibility to guanine nucleotide
      mediated activation. As a measure of G(s)alpha activation, we determined the
      proportion of G(s)alpha subunits which were released from the plasma membrane
      upon stimulation. Membrane preparations from heart ventricles of Wistar rats were
      incubated with increasing concentrations of the non-hydrolyzable GTP analogue
      guanylyl-imidodiphosphate (GppNHp, 0-100 micromol/L) in the absence or presence
      of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline (1 micromol/L). The 45 and 52 kDa
      forms of G(s)alpha (G(s)alpha-S and -L, respectively) were measured in the
      supernatant of the incubation mixture by immunoblotting and densitometry. The
      increase in cyclic AMP induced by GppNHp was measured in the same supernatant. In
      the absence of isoprenaline, GppNHp increased cyclic AMP formation and the
      concentration-dependent release of G(s)alpha-L (Friedman test, P < 0.05), whereas
      the amount of soluble G(s)alpha-S was not affected. After addition of
      isoprenaline, the redistribution of G(s)alpha-S into the soluble fraction could
      be stimulated by GppNHp in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Kinetic
      experiments revealed that activation of G(s)alpha-S by GppNHp was rather slow,
      but could be markedly enhanced by isoprenaline. Thus, it is likely that the
      different susceptibilities of G(s)alpha-S and -L towards GppNHp reflects
      differences in the rate of spontaneous GDP release.

PMID- 9952316
TI  - Removal by human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (Ape 1) and Escherichia
      coli exonuclease III of 3'-phosphoglycolates from DNA treated with
      neocarzinostatin, calicheamicin, and gamma-radiation.
AB  - DNA strand breaks with terminal 3'-phosphoglycolate groups are produced by agents
      that can abstract the hydrogen atom from the 4'-carbon of DNA deoxyribose groups.
      Included among these agents are gamma-radiation (via the OH radical) and enediyne
      compounds, such as neocarzinostatin and calicheamicin. However, while the
      majority of radiation-induced phosphoglycolates are found at single-strand
      breaks, most of the phosphoglycolates generated by these two enediynes are found
      at bistranded lesions, including double-strand breaks. Using a 32P-post-labelling
      assay, we have compared the enzyme-catalyzed removal of phosphoglycolates induced
      by each of these agents. Both human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (Ape 1)
      and its Escherichia coli homolog exonuclease III rapidly removed over 80% of
      phosphoglycolates from gamma-irradiated DNA, although there appeared to be a
      small resistant subpopulation. The neocarzinostatin-induced phosphoglycolates
      were removed more slowly, though not to completion, while the calicheamicin
      induced phosphoglycolates were extremely refractory to both enzymes. These data
      suggest that unless other enzymes are capable of acting upon the phosphoglycolate
      termini at enediyne-induced double-strand breaks, such termini will be resistant
      to end rejoining repair pathways.

PMID- 9952318
TI  - Reduced sensitivity of HeLa cells to cis-platinum by simultaneous overexpression
      of copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase and catalase.
AB  - The overexpression of catalase or Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) did not
      affect the sensitivity of HeLa cells to cis-platinum. However, the cytotoxicity
      of cis-platinum was depressed significantly by the simultaneous overexpression of
      catalase and Cu,Zn-SOD. We concluded that cis-platinum accelerated the generation
      of superoxide anion in the cells, and the superoxide anion produced was converted
      into H2O by the cooperative roles of catalase and Cu,Zn-SOD.

PMID- 9952319
TI  - Enzymatic reduction studies of nitroheterocycles.
AB  - The nitroimidazole derivative Megazol is a highly active compound used against
      several strains of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease
      (American trypanomiasis). With the aim of gaining an insight into the probable
      mode of action, the interaction of Megazol with different redox enzymes was
      studied in comparison to that of Nifurtimox and Metronidazole. The three
      nitroaromatic compounds are reduced by L-lactate cytochrome c-reductase,
      adrenodoxin reductase, and NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase (EC 1.6.2.4), the
      efficiencies of the enzymatic reductions being roughly related to the reduction
      potentials of these pseudo-substrates. As the enzyme responsible for the
      reduction of Megazol within the parasite has not yet been identified, the
      nitroimidazole was assayed with T. cruzi lipoamide dehydrogenase and
      trypanothione reductase. Megazol did not inhibit the physiological reactions but
      proved to be a weak substrate of both flavoenzymes. The single electron reduction
      of the compound by NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase, by rat liver as well as by
      trypanosome microsomes was confirmed by ESR experiments. As shown here, Megazol
      interferes with the oxygen metabolism of the parasite, but its extra activity
      when compared to Nifurtimox may be related to other features not yet identified.

PMID- 9952320
TI  - In vivo iron mobilisation evaluation of hydroxypyridinones in 59Fe-ferritin
      loaded rat model.
AB  - Although there are a number of well-characterised animal models available for
      testing and comparing the efficacy of iron chelators, most are expensive to
      operate and are not capable of providing rapid and reproducible results. The
      method described herein is based on the labelling of rat liver with 59Fe using
      rat 59Fe-ferritin. This method produces highly reproducible data of the type
      necessary for dose-response investigations, comparison of the efficacies of
      different administration routes, and structure activity studies.

PMID- 9952321
TI  - Folic acid-enhanced synergy for the combination of trimetrexate plus the
      glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase inhibitor 4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo
      4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrimidino[5,4,6][1,4]thiazin -6-yl)-(S)-ethyl]-2,5
      thienoylamino-L-glutamic acid (AG2034): comparison across sensitive and resistant
      human tumor cell lines.
AB  - Folic acid (PteGlu)-enhanced intense synergy has been observed between
      nonpolyglutamylatable dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors and
      polyglutamylatable inhibitors of other folate-requiring enzymes, such as
      glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT) and thymidylate synthase.
      Since this phenomenon is potentially therapeutically useful, we explored its
      universality by examining the combined action of a DHFR inhibitor, trimetrexate
      (TMQ), with a GARFT inhibitor, 4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H
      pyrimidino[5,4,6][1,4]++ +thiazin-6-yl)-(S)-ethyl]-2,5-thienoylamino-L-glutamic
      acid (AG2034), in eight human cultured cell lines. Using a 96-well plate cell
      growth inhibition assay, four ileocecal adenocarcinoma cell lines [HCT-8, HCT
      8/DW2 (Tomudex-resistant), HCT-8/DF2 (Tomudex-/FdUrd-resistant), and HCT-8/50
      (adapted to 50 nM PteGlu)], three head and neck carcinoma cell lines [A253, FaDu,
      and Hep-2/500 (FdUrd-resistant)], and a non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line
      [H460] were treated for 96 hr with TMQ + AG2034 in the presence of 23 or 40
      microM PteGlu. Cell growth was measured with the sulforhodamine B assay at the
      end of this period. Drug interactions were assessed by fitting a 7-parameter
      model including a synergism parameter, alpha, to data with weighted nonlinear
      regression. Isobologram analysis was also applied. At 23 microM PteGlu, cells
      exhibited similar intensities of Loewe synergy for the combination of TMQ +
      AG2034. Loewe synergy was abolished in HCT-8/50 cells cultured and studied in 50
      nM PteGlu. At 40 microM PteGlu, the intensity of the combined action in all cell
      lines was increased However, the most intense Loewe synergy was seen with HCT-8,
      HCT-8/DF2, H460, FaDu, A253, and Hep-2/500 cells, whereas the HCT-8/50 subculture
      showed less of the phenomenon, and PteGlu enhancement was the least with HCT
      8/DW2, a subline deficient in folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS). The
      universality of the PteGlu-enhanced intense synergy phenomenon is suggested.
      Impaired FPGS activity and low-folate adaptation prior to treatment significantly
      lessen the degree of PteGlu enhancement.

PMID- 9952322
TI  - Biochemical basis for a cholesterol-lowering activity of 2-[2"-(1",3"-dioxolane)]
      2-methyl-4-(2'-oxo-1'-pyrrolidinyl)-6- nitro-2H-1-benzopyran (SKP-450), a novel
      antihypertensive agent.
AB  - Administration (p.o.) of SKP-450, 2-[2"-(1",3"-dioxolane)]-2-methyl-4-(2'-oxo-1'
      pyrrolidinyl)-6-nitro-2H- 1-benzopyran, a novel antihypertensive agent, to
      hypercholesterolemic Syrian hamsters led to a significant reduction in plasma
      lipids in a dose-dependent manner, i.e., a 10.8% to 29% reduction in low-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol at doses of 0.3 to 10 mg/kg of SKP-450. SKP-450 was found
      to specifically inhibit the hepatic microsomal lanosterol 14alpha-methyl
      demethylase (14alpha-DM) in a competitive manner (Ki:2.65 microM). Furthermore, a
      dose-dependent decrease in the 14alpha-DM activity by SKP-450 parallelled the
      cholesterol synthetic rate in vitro in both the rat hepatic S10 fractions
      (supernatants at 10,000 g; IC50:20 microM) and Chinese hamster ovary cells
      (IC50:23 microM). However, this phenomenon was not seen in AR45 cells, which are
      deficient in 14alpha-DM, suggesting that 14alpha-DM is the major target for the
      inhibitory action of SKP-450 in regard to cholesterol biosynthesis.

PMID- 9952323
TI  - Endoscopy of the navicular bursa: a new technique for the treatment of
      contaminated and septic bursae.
AB  - A technique for evaluation of the navicular bursa using a 4 mm 25 degrees
      inclined view arthroscope is described. This allows examination of the
      palmar/plantar surface of the navicular bone, the insertions of the navicular
      suspensory, T and impar ligaments, the bursal synovium and the dorsal surface of
      the deep digital flexor tendon. The technique was used in 16 horses with
      punctures of the navicular bursa. Procedures facilitated by the technique were
      bursal lavage, removal of pannus, synovial resection and debridement of lesions
      on the palmar/plantar surface of the bone and in the deep digital flexor tendon.
      Following treatment, 10 animals were sound and returned to their pre-injury use
      and 6 animals had persistent lameness; 2 of these were salvaged after neurectomy,
      1 was retired for use as a broodmare and 2 were destroyed. In contrast to the
      'streetnail' procedure, the reported technique is less invasive and post
      operative care is simpler. The success rate is also better. Endoscopically guided
      treatment therefore appears to offer an advantage in the treatment of
      contaminated or septic navicular bursae.

PMID- 9952324
TI  - Tenosynovitis associated with longitudinal tears of the digital flexor tendons in
      horses: a report of 20 cases.
AB  - The paper describes a series of cases with longitudinal tears in the superficial
      or deep digital flexor tendons within the digital flexor tendon sheath. This
      appears to be a previously unreported condition. Twenty cases are described, one
      horse was affected bilaterally. Nineteen defects involved the deep digital flexor
      tendon and in 2 horses the manica flexoria of the superficial digital flexor
      tendon was torn. All affected horses were lame and there was marked distension of
      the digital flexor tendon sheaths. Ultrasonography revealed nonspecific signs of
      chronic tenosynovitis but not the cause. Diagnosis was established by tenoscopy
      in 9 cases and by open surgical exploration in the remainder. In 7 limbs, the
      deep digital flexor tendon lesions were treated by removal of the torn fibrils
      under tenoscopic control. In the remaining cases they were removed and the
      defects were repaired with absorbable suture material. Wound closure in all open
      cases included repair of the palmar/plantar annular ligament. Eleven horses
      became sound and returned to work, 3 improved but were lame on returning to work
      and 2 horses did not improve following treatment. At the time of reporting, 4
      horses are sound and in controlled ascending exercise regimes. It is concluded
      that longitudinal tears of the digital flexor tendons should be considered in the
      differential diagnosis of tenosynovitis of the digital flexor tendon sheath. The
      results presented suggest that accurate diagnosis and specific treatment justify
      surgical investigation.

PMID- 9952325
TI  - Effects of inhaled dry powder ipratropium bromide on recovery from exercise of
      horses with COPD.
AB  - The present study evaluated ventilatory, cardiovascular and metabolic parameters
      during recovery from strenuous exercise in horses suffering from a crisis of
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to determine whether ipratropium
      dry powder inhalation (DPI) before exercise has an effect on these parameters.
      When 6 saddle horses, affected with COPD, developed airway obstruction, they
      inhaled placebo and ipratropium (2400 microg/horse), the order being randomly
      chosen. Pulmonary function tests were then recorded 15 min after inhalation.
      Following these tests, the horses underwent a strenuous treadmill exercise,
      followed by a recovery period that consisted of a 10 min walk. Measurements were
      made at the first and tenth min of recovery. Respiratory flow, O2 and CO2
      fractions in the respired gas, pleural pressure changes and heart rate were
      recorded. Arterial and mixed venous blood samples were analysed for gas tensions,
      haemoglobin and plasma lactate concentrations. Oxygen consumption (VO2), CO2
      production, tidal volume, alveolar oxygen tension (PAO2), alveolar ventilation,
      the alveolar-pulmonary capillary oxygen difference ((A-a)dO2) and total pulmonary
      resistance (RL) were measured. The PAO2 was the only parameter significantly
      improved during recovery following ipratropium DPI. This improvement was not
      accompanied by evidence of improvement of other ventilatory or cardiorespiratory
      parameters. The results showed that in horses suffering from a crisis of COPD,
      recovery is characterised by an exercise-induced bronchodilation. Secondly,
      ipratropium DPI at a dose of 2400 microg/horse is an effective bronchodilator in
      these horses at rest but it has little effect on the airway calibre during the
      recovery period. It is suggested that the short term recovery period is still
      influenced by exercise-induced adjustments that may exceed the bronchodilatory
      effect of inhaled ipratropium that are observed before exercise.

PMID- 9952326
TI  - The effect of orthopaedic shoeing on the force exerted by the deep digital flexor
      tendon on the navicular bone in horses.
AB  - This study quantifies both the intended effect of orthopaedic shoeing to decrease
      the load on the navicular bone and the eventual undesired effects on gait
      performance. The compressive force exerted by the deep digital flexor tendon on
      the navicular bone and on the quality of the trot and redistribution of forces
      over the flexor tendons and the suspensory ligament were studied as a function of
      orthopaedic shoeing in 12 sound Dutch Warmblood horses. A modified CODA-3 gait
      analysis system and a force plate were used to quantify objectively the load on
      the lower limb. The quality of the trot was assessed using the same gait analysis
      system while the horses were trotting on the treadmill. The effects of shoes with
      heel wedges and egg-bar shoes were compared to flat shoes and unshod feet. When
      heel wedges were applied, the maximal force on the navicular bone was reduced by
      24% (P<0.05) in comparison with flat shoes. Egg-bar shoes did not reduce the
      force on the navicular bone, but in unshod feet this force appeared to be 14%
      lower (P<0.05) compared to flat shoes. Egg-bar shoes cause the horse's trot to be
      slightly less animated (P<0.05), compared to flat shoes and shoes with heel
      wedges. It is concluded that shoes with heel wedges reduce the force on the
      navicular bone as a result of a decreased moment of force at the distal
      interphalangeal joint in combination with a decreased angle between the deep
      digital flexor tendon distally and proximally of the navicular bone. Therefore it
      can be expected that in horses suffering from navicular disease, heel wedges will
      have the expected beneficial effect on the pressure on the navicular bone, while
      the effect of egg-bar shoes remains doubtful.

PMID- 9952327
TI  - Physiological responses of horses to a treadmill simulated speed and endurance
      test in high heat and humidity before and after humid heat acclimation.
AB  - To investigate whether horses were able to acclimate to conditions of high
      temperature and humidity, 5 horses of different breeds were trained for 80 min on
      15 consecutive days on a treadmill at 30 degrees C and 80%RH. Training consisted
      of a combination of long duration low-intensity exercise, medium duration medium
      intensity exercise and short duration high intensity exercise. Between training
      sessions the horses were maintained at 11+/-3 degrees C and 74+/-2%RH. Before
      (PRE-ACC) and after acclimation (POST-ACC) the horses undertook a simulated
      Competition Exercise Test (CET), designed to represent the Speed and Endurance
      Test of a 3-day event, at 30 degrees C/80%RH. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK) was
      not changed following acclimation (PRE-ACC 141+/-8 ml/min/kg bwt vs. POST-ACC
      145+/-9 ml/min/kg bwt [STPD], P>0.05). Following acclimation, 4 of the 5 horses
      were able to complete a significantly greater amount of Phase D in the CET (PRE
      ACC 6.3+/-0.3 min vs. POST-ACC 7.3+/-0.3 min, P<0.05; target time = 8 min).
      Resting body temperatures (pulmonary artery [TPA], rectal [TREC] and tail-skin
      [TTSK] temperatures) were all significantly lower following acclimation. During
      exercise, metabolic heat production (M) and heat dissipation (HD), for the same
      exercise duration, were both significantly lower following acclimation (P<0.05),
      although heat storage (HS) was significantly higher (P<0.05). The higher heat
      storage following acclimation was associated with a lower TTSK for a given TPA
      and a decreased total fluid loss (% bodyweight, P<0.05). Plasma volume was not
      changed following acclimation. The relationship of sweating rate (SR) to TPA or
      TTSK on either the neck or the gluteal region was not significantly altered by
      acclimation, although the onset of sweating occurred at a lower TPA or TTSK
      following acclimation (P<0.05). The horses in the present study showed a number
      of physiological adaptations to a period of 15 days of exposure to high heat and
      humidity consistent with a humid heat acclimation response. These changes were
      mostly similar to those reported to occur in man and other species and were
      consistent with thermal acclimation and an increased thermotolerance, leading to
      an improved exercise tolerance. It is concluded that a 15 day period of
      acclimation is beneficial for horses from cooler and or drier climates, that have
      to compete in hot humid conditions and that this may redress, to some extent, the
      decrement in exercise tolerance seen in nonacclimated horses and reduce the risk
      of heat related disorders, such as heat exhaustion.

PMID- 9952329
TI  - Post operative performance of racing Standardbreds treated arthroscopically for
      carpal chip fractures: 176 cases (1986-1993).
AB  - A retrospective study of 176 Standardbred horses that had arthroscopic surgery
      for carpal chip fractures over a 7 year period was done in order to determine
      fracture location and post operative performance. Chip fractures of the proximal
      third carpal bone and the distal radiocarpal bone occurred with equal frequency
      (49.2 and 49.6% respectively), and chip fractures involving the antebrachiocarpal
      joint were rare. Trotters had significantly more third carpal bone lesions than
      radiocarpal bone lesions when compared to pacers (P = 0.0304). Seventy-four per
      cent of horses made at least one start following surgery. Pacers were
      significantly more likely to have at least one start after surgery than were
      trotters (P = 0.0009). Median earnings per start significantly decreased after
      surgery (P = 0.0081), while median race mark significantly increased after
      surgery (P = 0.0100). It is concluded that the majority of Standardbreds will be
      useful racehorses following carpal arthroscopy; however, most earn less money per
      start and many race at a lower class.

PMID- 9952328
TI  - Skeletal muscle metabolic response to exercise in horses with 'tying-up' due to
      polysaccharide storage myopathy.
AB  - Polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) is a distinct cause of exertional
      rhabdomyolysis in Quarter Horses that results in glycogen and abnormal
      polysaccharide accumulation. The purpose of this study was to determine if
      excessive glycogen storage in PSSM is due to a glycolytic defect that impairs
      utilisation of this substrate during exercise. Muscle biopsies, blood lactates
      and serum CK were obtained 1) at rest from 5 PSSM Quarter Horses, 4 normal
      Quarter Horses (QH controls) and 6 Thoroughbreds with recurrent exertional
      rhabdomyolysis (TB RER) and 2) after a maximal treadmill exercise test in PSSM
      and QH controls. In addition, 3 PSSM horses performed a submaximal exercise test.
      At rest, muscle glycogen concentrations were 2.4x and 1.9x higher in PSSM vs. QH
      controls or TB RER, respectively. Muscle lactates at rest were similar between
      PSSM and QH controls but significantly higher in PSSM vs. TB RER. Muscle glucose
      6-phosphate concentrations were also higher in PSSM horses than controls
      combined. During maximal exercise, mean muscle glycogen concentrations declined
      2.7x more and mean lactate increased 2x more in PSSM vs. QH controls; however,
      differences were not statistically significant. Blood lactate concentrations
      after maximal exercise did not reflect generally higher muscle lactate in PSSM
      vs. QH controls. No change in blood lactate concentrations occurred in PSSM
      horses with submaximal exercise. Serum CK activity increased significantly 4 h
      after maximal and submaximal exercise and was significantly higher in PSSM vs. QH
      controls. These results show that during maximal exercise, PSSM horses utilised
      muscle glycogen and produce lactic acid via a functional glycolytic pathway and
      that during submaximal exercise oxidative metabolism was unimpaired. The
      excessive glycogen storage and formation of abnormal polysaccharide in PSSM
      horses therefore appear to reflect increased glycogen synthesis rather than
      decreased utilisation. The specific subset of horses with exertional
      rhabdomyolysis due to PSSM would likely benefit clinically from a diet low in
      soluble carbohydrates like grain with fat added as well as gradually increasing
      daily exercise to reduce excessive glycogen accumulation and enhance utilisation.

PMID- 9952330
TI  - Differences in second-intention wound healing between horses and ponies:
      macroscopic aspects.
AB  - Second-intention healing of deep wounds was studied in 5 horses and 5 ponies.
      Standardised wounds were created on the distal limbs and hind quarters. Wounds on
      the metatarsi extended onto the metatarsal bone; the depth of the wounds in the
      femoral biceps muscle was 18 mm. The wound margins were marked by tattoos.
      Photographs were taken at weekly intervals to determine the wound area. The
      relative contribution of contraction and epithelialisation to wound closure was
      quantified by means of the tattoos. Swelling of the limbs was measured; and
      regularity and aspect of the granulation tissue were semi-quantitatively scored.
      Second-intention wound healing occurred significantly faster in ponies than in
      horses, and muscle wounds healed significantly faster than metatarsal wounds.
      These marked differences reflected the greater contribution of contraction to
      wound healing. Moreover, demarcation was seen earlier and a healthy granulation
      bed developed more rapidly in ponies, whereas in horses the granulation tissue
      remained irregular and purulent for longer. Healing of the metatarsal wounds of
      horses differed markedly from that of all other wounds: these wounds increased to
      almost twice their original size in the first 2 weeks, exuberant granulation
      tissue was persistent, epithelialisation started later, and contraction played a
      minor role in wound closure. Limb swelling was greater in horses than in ponies.
      Periosteal new bone formation was more extensive, and was active over a longer
      period in the metatarsal bones of horses than of ponies. From this study it is
      concluded that second-intention healing of deep wounds occurs faster in ponies
      than in horses. This difference can be largely attributed to a more pronounced
      and faster wound contraction in ponies than in horses. Therefore, attempts to
      improve second-intention wound healing in clinical practice should be directed at
      stimulation of wound contraction.

PMID- 9952331
TI  - Differences in second-intention wound healing between horses and ponies:
      histological aspects.
AB  - The histological aspects of second-intention healing were studied in 5 horses and
      5 ponies. Biopsies were taken weekly from standardised wounds on the metatarsus
      and femoral biceps muscle of one horse and one pony. Sections were stained to
      enable cell counting and the detection of DNA synthesis, fibrin, smooth muscle
      actin (SMA), collagen, and bacteria. In the ponies, the number of
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) was high during the first 3 weeks and
      subsequently decreased rapidly. In the horses, the initial number of PMNs was
      lower, but remained persistently elevated during the evaluation period. PMNs were
      found mainly in the superficial zones. Significantly more fibrin was present in
      the wounds of the horses. No significant differences were observed in the number
      of fibroblasts, the amounts of SMA and collagen. However, myofibroblasts were
      significantly less regularly organised in the wounds of the horses, particularly
      in the metatarsal wounds. The mitotic activity of the epithelium was temporally
      reduced in week 3. The mitotic activity of the granulation tissue was initially
      high but declined rapidly from week 1 onwards, with the exception of the
      metatarsal wounds of the horses, in which mitotic activity remained significantly
      higher. Histology confirmed and explained the macroscopical differences in wound
      healing between horses and ponies by the strict organisation of the
      myofibroblasts and the more effective acute inflammation in the ponies.
      Stimulation of the organisation of myofibroblasts and improvement of the efficacy
      of the inflammatory response in horses may therefore result in better second
      intention wound healing in horses in clinical practice.

PMID- 9952332
TI  - A field survey on the distribution of strongyle infections of horses in Sweden
      and factors affecting faecal egg counts.
AB  - Faecal egg counts were performed during the first quarter of 1995 on samples from
      1183 horses of varying breeds, ages and gender on 110 farms in 3 regions of
      Sweden. The majority of the horses had been treated with ivermectin or pyrantel
      when stabled the previous autumn. The risk of reinfection with strongyles between
      treatment and sampling was therefore considered to be minimal. Consequently, the
      results reflect primarily the occurrence of worms originating from inhibited
      strongyle larvae refractory to anthelmintic treatment. A total of 922 (78%)
      individuals were found to shed strongyle eggs, and 15 (14%) of the farms studied
      had at least one horse infected with Strongylus vulgaris. There was a
      significant, gradual decrease in faecal egg output in horses originating from the
      southern to the northern part of Sweden. Horses from studfarms showed
      significantly higher numbers of strongyle eggs/g faeces (EPG) as compared to
      those on other types of farms, such as riding-schools and boarding stables.
      However, there was no correlation between herd size and mean herd EPG. The output
      of strongyle eggs was highest in horses aged 2 and 3 years. EPG values then
      declined with increasing age of the horse. Horses treated with ivermectin in the
      previous autumn showed significantly lower EPG values than untreated horses and
      those treated with pyrantel pamoate.

PMID- 9952333
TI  - Naturally occurring osteoarthritis in the metacarpophalangeal joints of wild
      horses.
AB  - This study identified changes consistent with osteoarthritis; articular cartilage
      damage, subchondral bone sclerosis and marginal osteophytes, in the
      metacarpophalangeal joints of wild New Zealand horses. The articular cartilage
      lesions were identified by Indian ink staining techniques and histology. The
      lesions occurred on the proximodorsal aspect of the first phalanx (P1) and were
      more severe on the medial compared to the lateral eminence of the bone, and their
      severity increased with age. The bone mineral density of the subchondral bone
      underlying the cartilage lesions, assessed using conventional radiography and
      dual energy absorptiometry, also increased with age and with severity of the
      overlying cartilage lesion. Subjective assessment of cabinet radiographs revealed
      that the subchondral bone sclerosis was greater in horses with severe articular
      cartilage damage. Ossicles, with a distinct trabecular bone pattern, were
      identified at the proximo-dorsal margin of P1 in 8 specimens from 5 horses from
      the older age groups (greater than age 5 years). The results of this study
      demonstrate age-related changes consistent with osteoarthritis in the
      metacarpophalangeal joints of wild horses. There appears to be a significant
      relationship between subchondral bone sclerosis and overlying cartilage
      degeneration in the proximodorsal aspect of P1. We have identified an age-related
      osteoarthritic process naturally present in horses; and postulate that the
      stresses of racing and training may accelerate this ageing process.

PMID- 9952334
TI  - Unreliable rectal absorption of cisapride in horses.

PMID- 9952335
TI  - Autosomal trisomy in a Thoroughbred colt: 65,XY,+31.

PMID- 9952336
TI  - Genetic dissection of murine susceptibilities to liver and lung tumors based on
      the two-stage concept of carcinogenesis.
AB  - Inbred mouse strains exhibit strain-specific susceptibilities to spontaneous and
      induced tumors, indicating that the individual risks for neoplastic development
      are largely under genetic control. Recent advances in linkage analysis have made
      it routine to chromosomally map the mouse genes responsible for the strain
      variations in tumor susceptibility using segregating crosses. It is also possible
      to characterize their biological functions using the positional information.
      These types of studies are still severely hampered for human cases due to the
      remarkable genetic heterogeneity and impossibility of experimental crosses. In
      this article, previous work on genetic susceptibility to mouse liver and lung
      tumors is reviewed in view of the classical two-stage concept of carcinogenesis.
      According to this central concept, the tumor susceptibility genes should affect
      either the first stage, 'initiation', or the second stage, 'promotion', or both.
      At least some genes seem to be specifically involved in initiation or promotion,
      in line with the fact that initiation and promotion are due, to a certain extent,
      to independent mechanisms. This notion should be also applicable to human
      carcinogenesis and may provide important clues for prevention of initiation and
      promotion in populations with a genetic predisposition for cancer development.

PMID- 9952337
TI  - Clinicopathological study of severe chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection
      that developed in association with lymphoproliferative disorder and/or
      hemophagocytic syndrome.
AB  - Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) infection has been previously reported
      to be sometimes associated with an aggressive clinical course. However, the role
      of EBV in the CAEBV is not well clarified. A retrospective study was performed on
      nine adult and five child patients (eight males and six females). Histologically,
      at first admission, the presence of neoplastic lesions could not be confirmed.
      The lymph nodes in half of all cases revealed paracortical hyperplasia with
      transformed lymphocytes (hyperplastic type). Half of the cases showed non
      suppurative necrosis and an increased number of histiocytes with phagocytosis
      (histiocytic type). Activated histiocytes with lymphokine positivity were
      frequently detected in the histiocytic type. In the phenotypical study, 10 of the
      examined 11 cases showed increased numbers of natural killer (NK) cells and/or
      CD8-positive T lymphocytes. In situ hybridization (ISH) showed EBV-infected
      lymphoid cells, but the number of EBV-infected cells varied. Double-labeling
      immunochemistry/ISH demonstrated EBV-infected T cells, including NK cells, but
      not B cells. In addition, three cases showed a monoclonal dissemination of EBV
      terminal repetitive sequence (TR), and two cases showed oligoclonal
      dissemination. From those findings, monoclonal, oligoclonal and polyclonal
      populations of EBV-infected T or NK cells were considered to be present in CAEBV
      states. During the clinical course, 12 of the 14 cases died within 5 years. Six
      cases died from EBV-associated hematopoietic tumors (histiocytic tumor, T cell
      lymphoma, B cell lymphoma, plasmacytoma, and NK cell leukemia); one from non-EBV
      associated acute myelogenous leukemia, and five due to hemophagocytic syndrome.
      The examined EBV-associated hematopoietic tumors showed monoclonal EBV terminal
      repetitive sequences. There is a possibility that the monoclonal dissemination of
      EBV-infected cells develops from oligoclonal or polyclonal EBV-infected cells.
      And active histiocytes with lymphokine positivity were frequently detected in the
      cases with histologically histiocytic type. These findings seem to be related
      with the causes of death due to hemophagocytic syndrome.

PMID- 9952338
TI  - Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of basal cells, Clara cells and
      bronchiolar cuboidal cells in normal human airways.
AB  - Immunohistochemical studies were made of the distribution of various cytokeratins
      (CK), Clara cell secretory protein (CC10), surfactant protein A (SP-A) and type
      VII collagen in normal human airways. Electron microscopic studies were made to
      identify hemidesmosomes and anchoring fibrils on the basal surfaces of the
      epithelial cells. CK19 was detected in all epithelial cells, and CK17 in all
      basal cells. CK14 was coexpressed in a few basal cells, and this coexpression was
      decreased in the distal airways. Two types of basal cells were recognized. One
      type, found mainly in large airways, was characterized by abundant intermediate
      filaments and well-developed hemidesmosomes and anchoring fibrils. The second
      type contained few intermediate filaments and poorly developed hemidesmosomes and
      anchoring fibrils. Reactivity for type VII collagen was found along the basement
      membrane throughout the airways, but not in the alveoli. Clara cells were
      reactive for CC10 and CK17, but not for CK14 and SP-A. The bronchiolar cuboidal
      cells in the respiratory bronchioles were positive only for CK19. Surfactant
      protein A was present only in type II alveolar epithelial cells. Thus, two types
      of basal cells are present in airways, and the bronchiolar cuboidal cells appear
      distinct from these basal cells, Clara cells and type II alveolar epithelial
      cells.

PMID- 9952339
TI  - Immunohistochemical and gelatin zymography studies for matrix metalloproteinases
      in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
AB  - The role of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of
      metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2), and the gelatinolytic activities of MMP involved
      in the process of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rabbits were
      investigated. Male Japanese white rabbits were intubated with tracheal tubes
      under anesthesia, and bleomycin hydrochloride in sterile saline or only sterile
      saline was administered through the tracheal tubes. The animals were killed 1, 3,
      7, 14 and 28 days after the administration of bleomycin (n = 3) or saline (n =
      2). Light microscopic immunohistochemistry for MMP-1 (interstitial collagenase),
      MMP-2 (gelatinase A), MMP-9 (gelatinase B) and TIMP-2 was performed. The
      gelatinolytic activities of lung tissue homogenates were studied by gelatin
      zymography. In the early stages, the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 was
      predominant. MMP-9 localized in the infiltrating neutrophils, macrophages,
      bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells. The alveolar epithelial basement
      membrane was frequently disrupted in the early stages, where MMP-9 possibly
      contributed to the disruption. In the late stages, the gelatinolytic activities
      of the latent and active forms of MMP-2 were predominant, and MMP-2 localized in
      the regenerated alveolar epithelial cells in addition to the bronchial epithelial
      cells. MMP-2, especially its active form, possibly plays a role in alveolar
      epithelial cell regeneration. The localization of MMP-1 was similar to that of
      MMP-9. TIMP-2 localized in the epithelial cells and in some fibroblasts in
      fibrotic lesions. TIMP-2 possibly plays a role in extracellular matrix deposition
      in balance with MMP.

PMID- 9952340
TI  - Angiomyofibroblastoma of the vulva: case report.
AB  - Angiomyxomas are a group of relatively rare mesenchymal myxoid tumors. Three
      types of angiomyxomas have been identified: superficial angiomyxoma, aggressive
      angiomyxoma and angiomyofibroblastoma. These tumors have a predilection for
      occurring in the perineum of middle-aged females and are often clinically
      diagnosed as Bartholin's cyst. A case of a 42-year-old female with a perineal
      angiomyofibroblastoma mimicking a Bartholin's cyst is presented. The pathological
      and clinical characteristics of this tumor are discussed.

PMID- 9952341
TI  - Primary ovarian angiosarcoma: a case report and literature review.
AB  - Primary ovarian angiosarcoma is extremely rare. Only 16 cases have histologically
      been reported to date in the literature. A case of angiosarcoma arising in the
      right ovary of a 46-year-old female is presented. Grossly, the resected right
      ovary was completely replaced by a solid tumor mass, which revealed multiple
      necrotic and/or hemorrhagic foci. This case revealed the typical histological
      features of angiosarcoma with sinusoidal and solid patterns of anaplastic tumor
      cells. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were strongly and diffusely positive
      for CD31 and CD34, in particular, along the cytoplasmic membrane of the tumor
      cells. Ultrastructurally, tumor cells possessed the intermediate junctions
      between tumor cells, discontinuous basal laminae attached to the irregularly
      shaped blood vessels and occasional cytoplasmic pinocytotic vesicles. These
      findings confirmed the case as being one of angiosarcoma of the ovary. The
      patient died 9 months after surgery as a result of developed multifocal brain
      metastases. A total of 17 cases reported as primary ovarian angiosarcoma,
      including this presented case, are clinicopathologically reviewed.

PMID- 9952342
TI  - Interdigitating reticulum cell tumor of lymph node: a case report and literature
      review.
AB  - Interdigitating reticulum cell (IRC) tumor is a rare tumor arising from the
      antigen-presenting cell - interdigitating reticulum cell. A 41-year-old male
      presented with lumps in the left neck and bone pain. Further investigations
      revealed multiple left neck and para-aortic lymphadenopathy, and multiple bony
      lesions. Histological examination of the lymph node showed proliferation of
      unusual, large, round neoplastic cells mimicking large cell lymphoma.
      Immunophenotypic and ultrastructural studies confirmed this tumor to be arising
      from an interdigitating reticulum cell. A review of reported IRC tumors
      illustrates the variability of this tumor in clinical and pathological features,
      which differ from other dendritic reticulum cell tumors.

PMID- 9952343
TI  - Primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland.
AB  - The morphological similarity of salivary and lacrimal gland tumors is known. Many
      clinicopathological studies and characteristics of salivary duct carcinoma, which
      bears histological similarities to mammary duct carcinoma, have been recently
      reported; however, only one case of lacrimal duct carcinoma is reported. A second
      case of lacrimal duct carcinoma is presented. A 67-year-old male with a painless
      mass in the right upper eyelid underwent total removal of the tumor mass.
      Microscopic examination of the tumor mass revealed ductal adenocarcinoma of the
      lacrimal gland, which was the equivalent of salivary duct carcinoma. The
      immunohistological studies of the lacrimal duct carcinoma showed similar results
      to those reported for salivary duct carcinoma. The recurrent tumor in the
      subdural spaces was removed 2 years after the initial surgery and the patient is
      followed as an outpatient.

PMID- 9952344
TI  - Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma of a male centenarian.
AB  - An autopsy case of retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma of a centenarial male is
      described. He complained of abdominal pain in his left side 1 month before his
      death. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a large mass in the left
      abdominal cavity. At autopsy, a circumscribed mass, 15 cm in diameter, was found
      in the left-upper abdominal cavity, and seemed to be derived from the
      retroperitoneum in an exophytic manner. Histologically, spindle cells with slight
      eosinophilic cytoplasm and blunt-ended nuclei showed interwoven fascicular
      growth, and mitotic figures were easily encountered. Immunohistochemically, the
      tumor cells were labeled by alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin. To our
      knowledge, this case of leiomyosarcoma has presented in the oldest patient ever
      reported. The rarity of soft tissue sarcomas in the extremely elderly is also
      discussed.

PMID- 9952345
TI  - Sarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans metastasized to the lung:
      preservation of CD34 expression in tumor cells.
AB  - A case of metastatic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) in a 47-year-old
      woman is presented. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans occasionally recurs, but
      rarely metastasizes. The patient underwent local removal of the nuchal tumor by a
      general practitioner, followed by a rapid recurrence. She underwent total removal
      of the tumor and a diagnosis of spindle cell sarcoma was made after an incisional
      biopsy was performed. This lesion had both a typical DFSP-like area and a
      fibrosarcoma (FS)-like area. After 7 years, an abnormal lung shadow was observed
      and a segmental lung resection was performed. Histologically, the lung tumor was
      similar to the FS-like area in the nuchal tumor. Confirming CD34 expression in
      the tumor cells, this lung tumor was diagnosed as metastatic DFSP. Usually CD34
      expression is unique to DFSP but almost negative in FS-like areas. In the present
      case, the FS-like area in the nuchal tumor showed decreased CD34 reactivity, as
      previously reported, but the FS-like area in the metastatic tumor still widely
      preserved CD34 expression. The presented case suggests that the FS-like area in
      DFSP is histogenetically different from typical FS or malignant fibrous
      histiocytoma.

PMID- 9952346
TI  - Secretory carcinoma of the breast in a 51-year-old male.
AB  - Approximately 100 female secretory carcinoma cases have been reported. Although
      this tumor was initially termed juvenile carcinoma as the patients were all
      children and adolescent females, subsequent reports demonstrated that it occurs
      in females of all ages. Moreover, to date, only five males with this tumor have
      been reported. As with the initial female secretory carcinoma cases, all five
      were children or young adults. A very rare case of non-invasive secretory
      carcinoma of the breast arising in a 51-year-old Japanese male is described. He
      presented with a lump in his left breast. The surgically resected tumor was a
      typical secretory carcinoma histologically, except that there was no infiltration
      of the surrounding stroma, and was composed of tumor cells with vacuolated
      cytoplasm that contained secretory materials. This case, the first recorded
      secretory carcinoma of the breast in a middle-aged male, demonstrates that this
      tumor may also arise in mature males, as is the case in females. Physicians
      should not rule out the possibility of a secretory carcinoma of the breast
      regardless of patient age and gender.

PMID- 9952347
TI  - Multiple giant angiomyolipomas with a polygonal epithelioid cell component in
      tuberous sclerosis: an autopsy case report.
AB  - A recent case of angiomyolipoma (AML) with a prominent component of polygonal
      epithelioid cells is described. A 27-year-old Japanese male with tuberous
      sclerosis presented with massive abdominal tumors increasing progressively in
      size. The patient died of respiratory disturbance and the autopsy revealed
      massive tumors in the bilateral kidneys, liver and lymph nodes, subependymal
      giant cell glioma of the brain and lymphangiomyomatosis of the lungs. The giant
      tumors were an unusual type of AML with a component of polygonal epithelioid
      cells, which showed a hepatocellular carcinoma-like pattern in some areas. Smooth
      muscle components comprising spindle cells, short or plump spindle cells and
      polygonal epithelioid cells frequently exhibited positive staining for HMB-45 but
      negative staining for epithelial cell markers. The unusual AML presented in this
      case was thought to be of low-grade malignancy and slow growing. It has been
      suggested that angiomyolipomas with diffuse areas of epithelioid cell component
      are potentially malignant. Immunostainings positive for HMB-45 but negative for
      epithelial cell markers are considered to be useful in differentiating AML with
      polygonal epithelioid cell component from other tumors, especially from renal
      cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma.

PMID- 9952348
TI  - Development of catecholaminergic neurons in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis: I.
      Embryonic development of dopamine-containing neurons and dopamine-dependent
      behaviors.
AB  - The embryonic development of the catecholaminergic system of the pond snail,
      Lymnaea stagnalis, was investigated by using chromatographic and histochemical
      methods. High performance liquid chromatography suggested that dopamine was the
      only catecholamine present in significant concentrations throughout the embryonic
      development of Lymnaea. Dopamine first became detectable at about embryonic stage
      (E) 15 (15% of embryonic development) and then increased in amount during early
      development to reach about 120-140 fmol per animal by around E40. Dopamine
      content remained stable during mid-embryogenesis (E40-65), increased slowing for
      the next couple of days, and then increased rapidly to culminate at about 400
      fmol per animal by hatching. The detection of aldehyde- and glyoxylate-induced
      fluorescence and of tyrosine hydroxylaselike immunoreactivity indicated that the
      first catecholaminergic cells appeared in the late trochophore or early veliger
      stage of embryonic development (E32-35). The paired perikarya of these transient
      apical catecholaminergic (TAC) neurons were located beneath the apical plate,
      remained outside of the central ganglia during embryogenesis, and no longer
      contained detectable catecholamines close to hatching. TAC neurons bore cilia on
      the ends of short processes that penetrated the overlying epithelium; their long
      processes branched repeatedly under the ciliated apical plate. Several smaller
      catecholaminergic cells first appeared in the anterior margin of the foot at a
      stage when the embryos began to metamorphose from the veliger form (E55). Similar
      bipolar cells later appeared in the tentacle and lips. The axons of all of these
      small peripheral cells projected centrally and terminated within the neuropil of
      different central ganglia. Central catecholaminergic neurons, including RPeD1,
      differentiated only after metamorphosis was complete (E75). Development of
      locomotor, respiratory, and feeding behaviors correlated with maturation of
      catecholaminergic neurons, as indicated by histology and chromatography.

PMID- 9952349
TI  - Development of catecholaminergic neurons in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis:
      II. Postembryonic development of central and peripheral cells.
AB  - Catecholamines have long been thought to play important roles in different
      mollusc neural functions. The present study used glyoxylate- and aldehyde-induced
      histofluorescence to identify central and peripheral catecholaminergic neurons in
      the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. The majority of these cells were also found to react
      to antibodies raised against tyrosine hydroxylase. A minority of the
      catecholaminergic neurons, however, exhibited no such immunoreactivity. The
      number of central catecholaminergic neurons nearly doubled (from about 45 to
      about 80 cells) during the first 2-3 days of postembryonic development.
      Thereafter, catecholaminergic neurons again doubled in number and generally grew
      by about 100-200% in soma diameter as the snails grew by 1,000% in overall linear
      measurements. In contrast to the relatively meager addition of central
      catecholaminergic neurons, several thousand catecholaminergic somata were added
      to different peripheral tissues during postembryonic development. These small,
      centrally projecting neurons were particularly concentrated in the lips,
      esophagus, anterior margin of the foot, and different regions of the male and
      female reproductive tracts. Chromatographic analyses indicated that dopamine was
      the major catecholamine present in the central ganglia, foot, and esophagus,
      although detectable levels of norepinephrine (approximately 20% of dopamine
      levels) were also found in the ganglia. The total content but not the
      concentration of dopamine increased within the tissue samples during
      postembryonic development. The companion study (Voronezhskaya et al. [1999] J.
      Comp. Neurol. 404:285-296) and the present study furnish a complete description
      of central and peripheral catecholaminergic neurons from their first appearance
      in early embryonic development to adulthood.

PMID- 9952350
TI  - Nuclear respiratory factor-2 subunit protein: correlation with cytochrome oxydase
      and regulation by functional activity in the monkey primary visual cortex.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that a transcription factor of the Ets family,
      nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF-2), can activate in vitro the gene expression
      of cytochrome oxidase (CO), a mitochondrial enzyme of oxidative metabolism. The
      goals of our present study were to determine whether the distribution of NRF-2
      alpha subunit proteins correlated with that of CO activity in the macaque monkey
      visual cortex and whether the level could be perturbed by visual deprivation. We
      generated polyclonal antibodies specifically against human NRF-2 alpha subunit.
      In normal monkeys, patterns of NRF-2 alpha distribution resembled closely that of
      CO activity: 1) NRF-2 alpha immunoreactivity was localized in both nuclei and
      cytoplasm of neurons, but the levels differed among various laminae; 2) layers
      IVA, IVC, and VI, which had high CO activity, were labeled more densely by NRF-2
      alpha than layers I, IVB, and V, which contained lower levels of both NRF-2 alpha
      and CO activity; and 3) CO-rich puffs in layers II and III contained a higher
      level of NRF-2 alpha than CO-poor interpuffs. From 1 day to 7 days after
      monocular impulse blockade with tetrodotoxin, there was a progressive reduction
      of NRF-2 alpha in deprived ocular dominance columns, in parallel with decreases
      in CO activity. These results suggest that local levels of NRF-2 in the monkey
      visual cortex closely reflect neuronal physiological and metabolic levels
      revealed by CO activity and that the expression of NRF-2 alpha, like that of CO,
      is regulated tightly by neural functional activity.

PMID- 9952351
TI  - Neurotrophins and their receptors in the tench retina during optic nerve
      regeneration.
AB  - To understand the role of neurotrophins in the visual system, we investigated the
      distribution of both neurotrophins and their receptors within the retina of a
      fish that has the capacity to spontaneously regenerate its optic nerve axons
      after lesion. Intact retinas and retinas from tench, whose optic nerve had been
      crushed, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Trk
      receptors were mainly immunolocalized in cells of the inner nuclear and ganglion
      cell layers, a distribution coincident with that of their mRNAs. Nerve growth
      factor (NGF) immunoreactivity was detected exclusively in Muller cell processes,
      and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was found in both neuronal bodies
      and Muller cell processes. Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) was detected in most of the cell
      nuclei, and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) was localized in fibers and in a few cells
      in the inner retina. An increase in both TrkA protein and mRNA was detected
      during axonal regeneration within the retinal ganglion cell layer, reaching a
      maximum 30 days postcrush and returning to normal levels by day 90, when optic
      nerve regeneration is almost completed in this fish. None of the other
      neurotrophins and receptors showed appreciable changes. The heterogeneous
      distribution patterns of neurotrophins and their receptors in fish retina, their
      differences from the distribution observed in other species, and the TrkA changes
      after optic nerve crush suggest an important role for these molecules in the
      normal physiology of the fish retina and during the regeneration process.

PMID- 9952352
TI  - Layer VI in cat primary auditory cortex: Golgi study and sublaminar origins of
      projection neurons.
AB  - The organization of layer VI in cat primary auditory cortex (AI) was studied in
      mature specimens. Golgi-impregnated neurons were classified on the basis of their
      dendritic and somatic form. Ipsilateral and contralateral projection neurons and
      the corticogeniculate cells of origin were labeled with retrograde tracers and
      their profiles were compared with the results from Golgi studies. Layer VI was
      divided into a superficial half (layer VIa) with many pyramidal neurons and a
      deeper part (layer VIb) that is dominated by horizontal cells. Nine types of
      neuron were identified; four classes had subvarieties. Classical pyramidal cells
      and star, fusiform, tangential, and inverted pyramidal cells occur. Nonpyramidal
      neurons were Martinotti, multipolar stellate, bipolar, and horizontal cells. This
      variety of neurons distinguished layer VI from other AI layers. Pyramidal neuron
      dendrites contributed to the vertical, modular organization in AI, although their
      apical processes did not project beyond layer IV. Their axons had vertical,
      intrinsic processes as well as corticofugal branches. Horizontal cell dendrites
      extended laterally up to 700 microm and could integrate thalamic input across
      wide expanses of the tonotopic domain. Connectional experiments confirmed the
      sublaminar arrangement seen in Nissl material. Commissural cells were
      concentrated in layer VIa, whereas corticocortical neurons were more numerous in
      layer VIb. Corticothalamic cells were distributed more equally. The cytological
      complexity and diverse connections of layer VI may relate to a possible role in
      cortical development. Layer VI contained most of the neuronal types found in
      other layers in AI, and these cells form many of the same intrinsic and
      corticofugal connections that neurons in other layers will assume in adulthood.
      Layer VI, thus, may play a fundamental ontogenetic role in the construction and
      early function of the cortex.

PMID- 9952353
TI  - Mormyrid electrosensory lobe in vitro: morphology of cells and circuits.
AB  - The electrosensory lobe (ELL) of mormyrid electric fish is a cerebellum-like
      brainstem structure that receives the primary afferent fibers from
      electroreceptors in the skin. The ELL and similar sensory structures in other
      fish receive extensive input from other central sources in addition to the
      peripheral input. The responses to some of these central inputs are adaptive and
      serve to minimize the effects of predictable sensory inputs. Understanding the
      interaction between peripheral and central inputs to the mormyrid ELL requires
      knowledge of its functional circuitry, and this paper examines this circuitry in
      the in vitro slice preparation and describes the axonal and dendritic morphology
      of major ELL cell types based on intracellular labeling with biocytin. The cells
      described include medium ganglion cells, large ganglion cells, large fusiform
      cells, thick-smooth dendrite cells, small fusiform cells, granule cells, and
      primary afferent fibers. The medium ganglion cells are Purkinje-like interneurons
      that terminate on the two types of efferent cells, i.e., large ganglion and large
      fusiform cells, as well as on each other. These medium ganglion cells fall into
      two morphologically distinct types based on the distributions of basal dendrites
      and axons. These distributions suggest hypotheses about the basic circuit of the
      ELL that have important functional consequences, such as enhancement of contrast
      between "on" elements that are excited by increased afferent activity and "off"
      elements that are inhibited.

PMID- 9952354
TI  - Development and further characterization of a small subclass of rat olfactory
      receptor neurons that shows immunoreactivity for the HSP70 heat shock protein.
AB  - We previously described a rat olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) subpopulation [the
      2A4(+) ORNs] that shows uniquely strong reactivity with antibodies to the 70-kD
      heat shock protein (HSP70) family of molecular chaperones (Carr et al. [1994] J.
      Comp. Neurol. 348:150-160). The 2A4(+)ORNs are dispersed through zones II-IV of
      the olfactory epithelium (OE), and their axons project to only two or three
      glomeruli that are located consistently in each olfactory bulb (OB). To date, the
      2A4(+)ORN subpopulation is the only cell population to show such distinct HSP70
      immunoreactivity as well as the most discrete ORN subpopulation to be so labeled.
      The present report shows that 2A4(+)ORN neurons first appear between postnatal
      days 7 (P7) and P10. Initially, low cell numbers rise to a density of 0.1
      2A4(+)ORNs/mm OE length by P14, plateau at 0.9 2A4(+)ORNs/mm by P49, then fall to
      adult values of 0.4 cells/mm. Autoradiographic birthdating indicates that almost
      all of these early appearing 2A4(+)ORNs are generated postnatally, in contrast to
      the prenatal generation of all ORN subpopulations characterized to date by their
      expression of olfactory receptor protein mRNAs. A developmentally related
      increase in the mean depth of 2A4(+)ORNs within the OE also occurs. In the OB,
      initial 2A4(+)axonal projections are to only two or three glomeruli, as in
      adults. Slight but significant rostral shifts in (+)glomerular location occur
      with development. The 2A4(+)ORN immunoreactivity was found to be due to
      expression of HSP70, the dominant stress-inducible member of the HSP70 family,
      rather than constitutively expressed HSC70. In addition, despite their presence
      in rat OE, no 2A4(+)ORNs were found in mice, gerbils, guinea pigs, or hamsters.

PMID- 9952355
TI  - Immunohistochemistry and spinal projections of the reticular formation in the
      northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens.
AB  - Over 30 nuclei have been identified in the reticular formation of rats, but only
      a small number of distinct reticular nuclei have been recognized in frogs. We
      used immunohistochemistry, retrograde tracing, and cell morphology to identify
      nuclei within the brainstem of Rana pipiens. FluoroGold was injected into the
      spinal cord, and, in the same frogs, antibodies to enkephalin, substance P,
      somatostatin, and serotonin were localized in adjacent sections. We identified
      many previously unrecognized reticular nuclei. The rhombencephalic reticular
      formation contained reticularis (r.) dorsalis; r. ventralis, pars alpha and pars
      beta; r. magnocellularis; r. parvocellularis; r. gigantocellularis; r.
      paragigantocellularis lateralis and dorsalis; r. pontis caudalis, pars alpha and
      pars beta; nucleus visceralis secundarius; r. pontis oralis, pars medialis and
      pars lateralis; raphe obscurus; raphe pallidus; raphe magnus; and raphe pontis.
      The mesencephalic reticular formation contained locus coeruleus-subcoeruleus, r.
      cuneiformis, r. subcuneiformis, raphe dorsalis-raphe centralis superior, and
      raphe linearis. Thus, the reticular formation of frog, which is an anamniote, is
      organized complexly and is similar to the reticular formation in amniotes.
      Because many of these nuclei may be homologous to reticular nuclei in mammals, we
      used mammalian terminology for frog reticular nuclei.

PMID- 9952356
TI  - Muscarinic receptor subtypes in the lateral geniculate nucleus: a light and
      electron microscopic analysis.
AB  - Neural activity in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (DLG) is
      modulated by an ascending cholinergic projection from the brainstem. The purpose
      of this study was to identify and localize specific muscarinic receptors for
      acetylcholine in the DLG. Receptors were identified in rat and cat tissue by
      means of antibodies to muscarinic receptor subtypes, ml-m4. Brain sections were
      processed immunohistochemically and examined with light and electron microscopy.
      Rat DLG stained positively with antibodies to the m1, m2,and m3 receptor subtypes
      but not with antibodies to the m4 receptor subtype. The m1 and m3 antibodies
      appeared to label somata and dendrites of thalamocortical cells. The m1
      immunostaining was pale, whereas m3-positive neurons exhibited denser labeling
      with focal concentrations of staining. Strong immunoreactivity to the m2 antibody
      was widespread in dendrites and somata of cells resembling geniculate
      interneurons. Most m2-positive synaptic contacts were classified as F2-type
      terminals, which are the presynaptic dendrites of interneurons. The thalamic
      reticular nucleus also exhibited robust m2 immunostaining. Cat DLG exhibited
      immunoreactivity to the m2 and m3 antibodies. The entire DLG stained darkly for
      the m2 receptor subtype, except for patchy label in the medial interlaminar
      nucleus and the ventralmost C laminae. The staining for m3 was lighter and was
      distributed more homogeneously across the DLG. The perigeniculate nucleus also
      was immunoreactive to the m2 and m3 subtype-specific antibodies. Immunoreactivity
      in cat to the m1 or m4 receptor antibodies was undetectable. These data provide
      anatomical evidence for specific muscarinic-mediated actions of acetylcholine on
      DLG thalamocortical cells and thalamic interneurons.

PMID- 9952357
TI  - Developmental stages in the human thymus.
AB  - The thymus is populated by hematopoietic cells that have the capacity to develop
      into at least three different hematopoietic lineages, T, NK and dendritic cells.
      While developing into T cells these cells pass a series of developmental stages
      that can be discriminated on the basis of expression of a number of antigens. The
      availability of a myriad of monoclonal anti- bodies against human differentiation
      antigens has permitted a detailed analysis of the various cellular stages in the
      human thymus. This analysis not only comprised investigation of molecular but
      also of functional features of purified thymocyte subsets, since more recently
      assays were set up that allowed investigation of the hematopoietic precursor
      activities of human thymic progenitor cells. Here we review the current status of
      knowledge with regard to early developmental stages in the human thymus. In
      addition, we discuss recent data on later developmental stages, in particular
      concerning positive selection and maturation of T cells.

PMID- 9952359
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in
      HIV-exposed seronegative persons.
AB  - Repeated exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does not always result in
      seroconversion. Understanding the conditions that permit or protect against
      progressive infection with HIV is important for vaccine development. Nineteen
      subjects at risk for HIV infection were CCR-5 genotyped and screened for virus
      specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). None had the Delta32CCR
      5/Delta32CCR-5 genotype associated with HIV resistance. HIV-specific CTL were
      detected in 7 (41.1%) of 17 exposed uninfected subjects versus 0 of 14
      seronegative subjects with no HIV risk factors (P=.006, chi2 test). Recognition
      of virus by CTL in exposed uninfected subjects was major histocompatibility
      complex class I-restricted and multispecific, and specificity could change with
      time. Activity could persist up to 34 months after the last virus exposure. The
      presence of HIV-specific CTL in a greater proportion of seronegative HIV-exposed
      versus unexposed subjects supports the notion that in some cases, virus exposure
      induces HIV immunity without seroconversion or disease progression.

PMID- 9952358
TI  - The effect of commencing combination antiretroviral therapy soon after human
      immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection on viral replication and antiviral immune
      responses.
AB  - Twelve subjects were treated with zidovudine, lamivudine, and ritonavir within 90
      days of onset of symptoms of acute infection to determine whether human
      immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection could be eradicated from an
      infected host. In adherent subjects, with or without modifications due to
      intolerance, viral replication was suppressed during the 24-month treatment
      period. Durable suppression reduced levels of HIV-1-specific antibodies and
      cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in selected subjects. Proviral DNA in
      mononuclear cells uniformly persisted. The persistence of HIV-1 RNA expression in
      lymphoid tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells suggests that elimination
      of this residual pool of virus should be achieved before considering adjustments
      in antiretroviral therapeutic regimens. In addition, given the reduction in
      levels of virus-specific immune responses, it would seem prudent to consider
      enhancing these responses using vaccine strategies prior to the withdrawal of
      antiviral therapy.

PMID- 9952360
TI  - Protection against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in persons with
      repeated exposure: evidence for T cell immunity in the absence of inherited CCR5
      coreceptor defects.
AB  - It has been hypothesized that protection against human immunodeficiency virus
      (HIV)-1 infection may result from either acquired host immunity, inheritance of a
      dysfunctional CCR5 HIV-1 coreceptor, or a low or attenuated virus inoculum.
      Thirty-seven HIV-1-uninfected persons engaging in repeated high-risk sexual
      activity with an HIV-1-infected partner were prospectively studied to determine
      the contribution of these factors in protecting against HIV-1 transmission. More
      than one-third (13/36) demonstrated HIV-1-specific cytotoxicity, and this
      activity significantly correlated with the wild type CCR5 genotype (P=.03). Only
      1 subject (3%) demonstrated the homozygous CCR5 32-bp deletion (Delta32/Delta32).
      Median plasma HIV-1 RNA levels from 18 HIV-1-infected sex partners were not
      statistically different from those of matched infected control patients. These
      results indicate that inheritance of the Delta32 CCR5 mutation does not account
      for the majority of persistently HIV-1-resistant cases, and the presence of
      cellular immunity in these persons suggests either undetected infection or
      protective immunity.

PMID- 9952361
TI  - Immunization with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 rgp120W61D in QS21/MPL
      adjuvant primes T cell proliferation and C-C chemokine production to multiple
      epitopes within variable and conserved domains of gp120W61D.
AB  - Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120W61D-specific T cell lines (TCL)
      were generated from an HIV-1-seronegative volunteer who received rgp120W61D in
      QS21/MPL adjuvant with emulsion. TCL were challenged with pools of consecutive,
      overlapping peptides spanning the gp120W61D sequence and then with the individual
      peptides of the immunostimulatory pool. T cell epitopes were found within both
      variable and conserved domains, and there was no evidence of a single
      immunodominant epitope. The two most frequently recognized peptides were located
      in the C1 domain and in the C-terminal region of the V3 loop. Several TCL were
      shown to recognize multiple peptides from nonoverlapping regions. Peptides from
      both conserved and variable domains were capable of inducing MIP-1alpha, MIP
      1beta, and RANTES production. When tested against the equivalent peptide from the
      HIV-1IIIB sequence, however, TCL were able to tolerate only minor conserved
      changes in the amino acid sequence.

PMID- 9952363
TI  - Virologic and immunologic response to nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor
      therapy among human immunodeficiency virus-infected infants and children.
AB  - Plasma human immunodeficiency virus RNA and CD4 lymphocyte response to nucleoside
      reverse-transcriptase therapy were evaluated in a large, comparative pediatric
      trial. Both baseline values and changes in the two laboratory markers over time
      correlated well with clinical outcome and possessed independent predictive value.
      In comparison of RNA reduction from baseline between the dideoxyinosine (ddI) and
      zidovudine+ddI therapeutic arms, marginal superiority of the combination arm was
      not correlated with an observed clinical benefit. Despite the size of this trial
      and the significantly higher rate of clinical end points in the zidovudine
      monotherapy group, attempts to establish surrogacy for plasma RNA were difficult.
      Nevertheless, plasma RNA and CD4 lymphocyte count together possess strong
      clinical predictive power and are valuable tools for both the clinician and the
      evaluation of new therapies.

PMID- 9952362
TI  - Efficacy of zidovudine and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) hyperimmune
      immunoglobulin for reducing perinatal HIV transmission from HIV-infected women
      with advanced disease: results of Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol
      185.
AB  - Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 185 evaluated whether zidovudine
      combined with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) hyperimmune immunoglobulin
      (HIVIG) infusions administered monthly during pregnancy and to the neonate at
      birth would significantly lower perinatal HIV transmission compared with
      treatment with zidovudine and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) without HIV
      antibody. Subjects had baseline CD4 cell counts </=500/microL (22% had counts
      <200/microL) and required zidovudine for maternal health (24% received zidovudine
      before pregnancy). Transmission was associated with lower maternal baseline CD4
      cell count (odds ratio, 1.58 per 100-cell decrement; P=.005; 10.0% vs. 3.6%
      transmission for count <200 vs. >/=200/microL) but not with time of zidovudine
      initiation (5.6% vs. 4.8% if started before vs. during pregnancy; P=. 75). The
      Kaplan-Meier transmission rate for HIVIG recipients was 4. 1% (95% confidence
      interval, 1.5%-6.7%) and for IVIG recipients was 6.0% (2.8%-9.1%) (P=.36). The
      unexpectedly low transmission confirmed that zidovudine prophylaxis is highly
      effective, even for women with advanced HIV disease and prior zidovudine therapy,
      although it limited the study's ability to address whether passive immunization
      diminishes perinatal transmission.

PMID- 9952364
TI  - Impaired phagocyte oxidative capacity in human immunodeficiency virus-infected
      children.
AB  - Children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have T helper cell
      deficiency, but frequent bacterial infections suggest phagocyte dysfunction.
      Whole blood chemiluminescence (CL) assays were used to measure the respiratory
      burst capacity of phagocytes from HIV-infected children, perinatally HIV-exposed
      but uninfected children, and normal healthy children. Phagocytes were stimulated
      by zymosan opsonized with human complement with and without priming by platelet
      activating factor (PAF) or FMLP. Activities of enzymes involved in the
      respiratory burst, oxidase and myeloperoxidase, were examined after opsonin
      receptor-independent stimulation with PMA. Unprimed CL responses to opsonized
      zymosan were decreased for HIV-infected children with severe CD4 lymphocyte
      suppression compared with healthy children (P=.03), and PAF-primed CL responses
      to opsonized zymosan were decreased in HIV-infected children with both moderate
      and severe CD4 lymphocyte suppression (P=.02 and P=.01, respectively), despite
      normal or increased activities of the respiratory burst enzymes. These
      impairments may contribute to secondary bacterial infections.

PMID- 9952365
TI  - Maternal virus load and perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype E
      transmission, Thailand. Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HIV Transmission Study
      Group.
AB  - To determine the rate and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1
      subtype E perinatal transmission, with focus on virus load, pregnant HIV-infected
      women and their formula-fed infants were followed prospectively in Bangkok. Of
      281 infants with known outcome, 68 were infected (transmission rate, 24.2%; 95%
      confidence interval, 19.3%-29.6%). Transmitting mothers had a 4.3-fold higher
      median plasma HIV RNA level at delivery than did nontransmitters (P<.001). No
      transmission occurred at <2000 copies/mL. On multivariate analysis, prematurity
      (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.5), vaginal delivery (AOR, 2.9), low NK cell
      percentage (AOR, 2.4), and maternal virus load were associated with transmission.
      As RNA quintiles increased, the AOR for transmission increased linearly from 4.5
      to 24.8. Two-thirds of transmission was attributed to virus load>10,000
      copies/mL. Although risk is multifactorial, high maternal virus load at delivery
      strongly predicts transmission. This may have important implications for
      interventions designed to reduce perinatal transmission.

PMID- 9952366
TI  - Coinfection of macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus and simian T cell
      leukemia virus type I: effects on virus burdens and disease progression.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
      and human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus types I or II (HTLV-I or -II)
      accelerates progression to AIDS, pig-tailed macaques were inoculated with the
      simian counterparts, SIV and STLV-I. During 2 years of follow-up of singly and
      dually infected macaques, no differences in SIV burdens, onset of disease, or
      survival were detected. However, in the first coinfected macaque that died of
      AIDS (1 year after infection), >50% of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes expressed CD25.
      On the basis of the low incidence of HTLV-I- and STLV-I-associated disease during
      natural infections, this early evidence of neoplastic disease was unexpected.
      While these results demonstrate that coinfection with SIV and STLV-I has no
      influence on the development of immunodeficiency disease, they do establish a
      reliable macaque model of persistent STLV-I infection.

PMID- 9952367
TI  - Phase IIa safety and immunogenicity of a therapeutic vaccine, TA-GW, in persons
      with genital warts.
AB  - A fusion protein vaccine consisting of human papillomavirus 6 L2E7 with
      Alhydrogel was developed for the treatment of genital warts. Twenty-seven
      subjects with genital warts received 3 immunizations over 4 weeks in an open
      label study. The vaccine was well-tolerated, and all subjects made serum IgG
      antibodies, predominantly IgG1, against L2E7. Nineteen of 25 tested persons made
      antigen-specific T cell proliferative responses to L2E7, and peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells when cultured with L2E7 in vitro produced both interferon-gamma
      and interleukin (IL)-5, although IL-5 predominated after the final vaccination.
      Five subjects completely cleared warts within 8 weeks. Subjects whose warts were
      not cleared by 8 weeks were offered conventional therapy. Recurrence of warts was
      not seen in any of the 13 persons whose warts cleared by vaccine alone or with
      conventional therapy. While these preliminary results of the use of this
      therapeutic immunogen are encouraging, proof of efficacy will require randomized
      double-blind trials.

PMID- 9952368
TI  - Quantitative analysis of neutralizing immune responses to human parvovirus B19
      using a novel reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-based assay.
AB  - Infection with human parvovirus B19 causes fifth disease, acute and chronic red
      cell aplasia, fetal hydrops, arthropathy, and other disorders. Antiviral
      antibodies limit B19 infection in vivo; however, the identification of serologic
      markers of protection has been hampered by the lack of a quantitative assay for
      parvovirus neutralization. A novel in vitro test for parvovirus neutralization
      has been developed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to
      detect viral transcripts in a B19-permissive cell line. Parvovirus neutralizing
      activity was measured in sera from naturally infected individuals, and common
      features of sera with high neutralizing capacity were identified as protection
      correlates. Sera that suppressed B19 replication in vitro demonstrated IgG
      reactivity with capsid proteins VP1 and VP2, but no linear relationship between
      antibody titer and neutralizing capacity was observed. Sera from experimental
      animals and human volunteers immunized with a virus-like particle vaccine
      candidate exhibited B19 neutralizing titers equal to or greater than those
      observed in natural infections.

PMID- 9952369
TI  - Genetic linkage of exotoxin alleles and emm gene markers for tissue tropism in
      group A streptococci.
AB  - In group A streptococci, genetic markers for principal tissue reservoir are
      located within emm genes, which encode surface proteins that have a role in
      virulence. A worldwide collection of 160 isolates was evaluated for two traits:
      chromosomal emm gene markers for tissue tropism (designated patterns A-E), and
      bacteriophage-associated genes (speA and speC) encoding pyrogenic exotoxins. The
      speA and speC alleles of organisms harboring the emm marker for a pharyngeal
      reservoir (pattern A-C) differ from spe alleles that predominate in organisms
      with the emm marker for impetigo (pattern D). However, organisms that display the
      emm marker for both tissue sites (pattern E) are not intermediate for the
      distribution of either speA or speC alleles, but instead resemble pattern A-C
      isolates for speA and pattern D strains for speC. Statistically significant
      nonrandom associations between exotoxin alleles and emm patterns were observed
      but cannot be readily explained by niche separation alone.

PMID- 9952370
TI  - Human T cell responses to the ESAT-6 antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AB  - Human T cell responses to ESAT-6 and eight synthetic overlapping peptides were
      investigated in tuberculosis (TB) patients and control subjects from regions of
      high and low endemicity for TB. ESAT-6 was recognized by 65% of all tuberculin
      purified protein derivative-responsive TB patients, whereas only 2 of 29 bacille
      Calmette-Guerin-vaccinated Danish healthy donors recognized this molecule. In
      Ethiopia, a high frequency (58%) of healthy contacts of TB patients recognized
      ESAT-6. All of the peptides were recognized by some donors, indicating that the
      molecule holds multiple epitopes. Danish and Ethiopian patients differed in the
      fine specificity of their peptide responses. Recognition of the C-terminal region
      (aa 72-95) was predominant in Danish patients, whereas recognition of aa 42-75
      was predominant in Ethiopia. The relationship of these differences to the
      distribution of HLA types in the two populations is discussed. This study
      demonstrates that ESAT-6 is frequently recognized during early infection and
      holds potential as a component of a future TB-specific diagnostic reagent.

PMID- 9952371
TI  - Interleukin-12 induces sustained activation of multiple host inflammatory
      mediator systems in chimpanzees.
AB  - To determine in vivo effects of interleukin (IL)-12 on host inflammatory mediator
      systems, 4 healthy chimpanzees received recombinant human IL-12 (1 microg/kg) by
      intravenous injection. IL-12 induced increases in plasma concentrations of IL-15,
      IL-18, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), plus a marked antiinflammatory cytokine
      response (IL-10, soluble tumor necrosis factor [TNF] receptors, IL-1 receptor
      antagonist) and secretion of alpha-chemokines (IL-8, IFN-gamma-inducible protein
      10) and beta-chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage
      inflammatory protein-1beta). In addition, IL-12 elicited neutrophilic
      leukocytosis, neutrophil degranulation (elastase-alpha1-antitrypsin complexes),
      coagulation activation (F1 + 2 prothrombin fragment, thrombin-antithrombin III
      complexes), and fibrinolytic activation (tissue-type plasminogen activator,
      plasmin-alpha2-antiplasmin complexes). IL-12-induced activation of multiple host
      mediator systems was found only after 8-24 h, remained detectable until the end
      of the 48-h observation period, and occurred in the absence of detectable TNF and
      IL-1beta. These data may contribute to understanding the role of IL-12 in the
      pathogenesis of sepsis syndrome and the toxicity found after repeated injections
      of IL-12.

PMID- 9952372
TI  - Lactobacilli and vaginal host defense: activation of the human immunodeficiency
      virus type 1 long terminal repeat, cytokine production, and NF-kappaB.
AB  - Lactobacilli, a component of the normal vaginal flora, can activate the human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) in the Jurkat T
      lymphocyte and THP-1 macrophage cell lines. Activation of the LTR in Jurkat cells
      was strongly enhanced by vanadate and inhibited by catalase, implicating H2O2. In
      contrast, activation in THP-1 cells occurred in the absence of vanadate and was
      unaffected by catalase. The active material partitioned into the phenol layer on
      hot aqueous phenol extraction. Lactobacilli also increased tumor necrosis factor
      alphaand interleukin-1betaproduction and activated NF-kappaB in THP-1 cells and
      increased tumor necrosis factor-alphaproduction by human monocytes. Human vaginal
      fluid specimens had comparable properties, which correlated with their bacterial
      content. These findings suggest the presence in vaginal fluid of agent(s) derived
      from indigenous bacteria that can activate the HIV-1 LTR, cytokine production,
      and NF-kappaB in cells of macrophage lineage, with possible influence on vaginal
      physiology and host defense.

PMID- 9952373
TI  - Effective phagocytosis and killing of Candida albicans via targeting FcgammaRI
      (CD64) or FcalphaRI (CD89) on neutrophils.
AB  - Invasive fungal infections are an increasing problem for immunocompromised
      patients. As an approach to improve targeting of polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      (PMNL) toward Candida albicans, the effect of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs)
      directed against C. albicans and either FcalphaRI or FcgammaRI was evaluated.
      Control PMNL and in vivo granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-primed
      PMNL served as effector cells. A new radiometric killing assay for measuring
      candidacidal activity was developed to facilitate quantification of PMNL-mediated
      killing of C. albicans. BsAbs directed to either FcgammaRI (CD64) or FcalphaRI
      (CD89) on human PMNL effectively enhanced both phagocytosis and killing of C.
      albicans in vitro. Fungicidal activity triggered via FcgammaRI required in vivo
      priming with G-CSF, whereas FcalphaRI-mediated activity was not dependent on this
      growth factor. Furthermore, PMNL from human FcgammaRI-transgenic mice effectively
      phagocytosed and eliminated C. albicans in the presence of BsAbs. These results
      document the capacity of FcR-directed BsAbs and G-CSF to trigger antifungal
      immune responses.

PMID- 9952374
TI  - Molecular characterization of Cyclospora-like organisms from baboons.
AB  - Cyclospora organisms are intestinal pathogens of humans that are increasingly
      recognized in many parts of the world; yet, the reservoirs and host range remain
      poorly defined. Analysis of 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) suggests that the human
      associated Cyclospora species (Cyc-hu) is most closely related to the Eimeria
      species, which are host species-specific. Recently, oocysts identical to those of
      Cyc-hu were detected in baboon fecal specimens from Tanzania. The 18S rDNA from 3
      of these baboon-associated oocyst specimens was amplified and sequenced.
      Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these baboon-associated Cyclospora-like
      organisms (Cyc-bab) are nearly identical to each other and are distinct from Cyc
      hu (1.6%-1.7% dissimilar); however, these Cyc-bab organisms are the closest known
      relatives of Cyc-hu. Together, these primate-associated cyclosporans constitute a
      coherent clade within the diverse group of Eimeria species. These findings raise
      important questions about the evolutionary relationships of the eimeriids and Cyc
      hu host range and should lead to improved polymerase chain reaction-based
      diagnostics.

PMID- 9952375
TI  - RANTES, macrophage-inhibitory protein 1alpha, and the eosinophil product major
      basic protein are released into upper respiratory secretions during virus-induced
      asthma exacerbations in children.
AB  - The presence of cytokines and the toxic eosinophil granule product major basic
      protein (MBP) was investigated in nasal aspirates from children with naturally
      occurring virus-induced asthma exacerbations and compared with levels in nasal
      aspirates taken from the same children when asymptomatic. Increased levels of MBP
      accompanied by increased levels of the chemokines RANTES and macrophage
      inhibitory protein 1alpha were observed in nasal aspirates from children during
      the virus-induced exacerbations. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
      was mostly undetectable in samples obtained during both symptomatic and
      asymptomatic periods. Interleukin-5 levels were low, but tended to increase in
      samples from symptomatic children. These data confirm that the eosinophil product
      MBP and the eosinophil chemoattractant chemokines RANTES and macrophage
      inhibitory protein 1alpha are increased in upper respiratory viral infections
      associated with asthma exacerbations and suggest an important role for these
      chemokines in regulating eosinophil influx and activation. These chemokines may
      represent targets for therapeutic intervention in virus-induced asthma
      exacerbations.

PMID- 9952376
TI  - HLA-DQ alleles and human papillomavirus DNA in adult-onset laryngeal
      papillomatosis.
AB  - Sixty-two patients with histologically confirmed adult-onset laryngeal papilloma
      were clinically examined; their HLA class II DQA1 and DQB1 alleles and the
      presence and type of human papillomavirus (HPV) in their laryngeal papilloma
      biopsies were determined by polymerase chain reaction-based methods. No
      differences in the DQA1 or DQB1 frequencies appeared between the patients as a
      group and the reference population. When the patients were divided into groups
      according to number of laryngeal procedures performed, no HLA association was
      noticed with any group, nor did the presence of HPV-6 or HPV-11 DNA in the
      laryngeal specimen correlate with HLA type. A suggestive association was found
      between the DQB1 *0501 allele and the 16 patients whose laryngeal biopsy was HPV
      negative, but because of the small series, additional patients need to be
      studied. Earlier, the DQB1 *0501 allele was reported to be protective against
      cervical cancer, another HPV-associated disease.

PMID- 9952377
TI  - Infrequent detection of TT virus infection in intravenous drug users,
      prostitutes, and homosexual men.
AB  - TT virus (TTV), a recently discovered DNA virus, has been implicated as a cause
      of non-A to non-C posttransfusion hepatitis. The frequency of TTV in persons
      considered at high risk for sexual and parenteral infection was investigated (52
      prostitutes, 81 homosexual men, 65 intravenous drug users) to assess its mode of
      transmission. TTV DNA was assayed by polymerase chain reaction using primers from
      conserved regions in the N22 clone. Viremia frequency was 4.5%-13.0% in study
      subjects, not significantly different from that in low-risk controls (2 [4.5%] of
      44). The frequency of TTV viremia increased significantly with age (P=.018) but
      was not associated with human immunodeficiency virus coinfection. The low
      frequency of infection detected in both risk groups suggests that spread by
      sexual contact or by intravenous drug use is relatively inefficient and unlikely
      to account for the high prevalence of TTV observed worldwide.

PMID- 9952378
TI  - Cytomegalovirus infection and coronary heart disease: results of a german case
      control study.
AB  - This case-control study investigated whether previous infection with
      cytomegalovirus (CMV) was associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). In total,
      312 patients of German nationality aged 40-68 years who had a coronary stenosis
      of >50% of the luminal diameter were recruited for study. Controls (n=479) were
      voluntary blood donors. CMV serology was performed to determine presence of
      specific CMV antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA ELA test; Medac, Hamburg, Germany).
      Rheologic and inflammatory markers were determined. The prevalence of specific
      IgG antibodies against CMV was 54.5% in cases and 49.9% in controls (P=.116). The
      odds ratio for CHD was 1.21 (95% confidence interval, 0.84-1.75) given a positive
      serostatus of specific IgG antibodies after adjustment for covariates. With the
      exception of C-reactive protein in controls, none of the rheologic or
      inflammatory markers was associated with CMV serostatus. Thus, serologic evidence
      of previous infection with CMV was not a major risk factor for CHD in this
      population.

PMID- 9952379
TI  - Expression of granzyme B during primary cytomegalovirus infection after renal
      transplantation.
AB  - CD8+ T cells employ granzyme B (GrB) to induce apoptosis in target cells.
      Increased expression of GrB has been put forward as a diagnostic marker in
      transplant rejection and viral infection. Three-color flow cytometric analysis
      revealed that peripheral blood CD8+ T lymphocytosis during primary
      cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation resulted from expansion of
      a CD8+GrB+CD62L+ T cell subset that was almost absent during stable transplant
      function or acute rejection. This expansion coincided with a temporary increase
      in systemic soluble GrB (sGrB) levels. No such increase was observed during
      stable transplant function or acute rejection. Thus, the primary immune response
      to cytomegalovirus infection is accompanied by appearance of CD8+GrB+CD62L+ T
      cells and increased sGrB levels in the peripheral blood compartment.
      Determination of the latter may provide a novel approach for monitoring viral
      infections.

PMID- 9952380
TI  - Incidence of immune recovery vitritis in cytomegalovirus retinitis patients
      following institution of successful highly active antiretroviral therapy.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine the likelihood of the development of a new
      ocular inflammatory syndrome (immune recovery vitritis, IRV), which causes vision
      loss in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, who respond to highly
      active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We followed 30 HAART-responders with CD4
      cell counts of >/=60 cells/mm3. Patients were diagnosed with IRV if they
      developed symptomatic vitritis of >/=1+ severity associated with inactive CMV
      retinitis. Symptomatic IRV developed in 19 (63%) of 30 patients and in 26 (59%)
      of 44 eyes over a median follow-up from HAART response of 13.5 months. The annual
      incidence of IRV was 83/100 person-years. Excluding patients with previous
      cidofovir therapy did not significantly alter the time course of IRV (P=.79).
      These data suggest that IRV develops in a significant number of HAART-responders
      with CMV retinitis and is unrelated to previous cidofovir therapy.

PMID- 9952381
TI  - Molluscum contagiosum virus: antibody responses in persons with clinical lesions
      and seroepidemiology in a representative Australian population.
AB  - An ELISA for molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) was used to determine the antibody
      status of 35 adults with clinical infections and known human immunodeficiency
      virus (HIV) serology and of 357 persons (ages, 1 week-69 years) considered
      representative of the Australian population. MCV antibody was identified in 77%
      of persons with molluscum lesions: in 17 of 24 HIV-1-negative persons and in 10
      of 11 who were HIV-1-positive. No relationship was evident between the serologic
      responses and the number of lesions or the duration of infection. The population
      survey revealed an overall seropositivity rate of 23%. The lowest antibody
      prevalence was in children aged 6 months to 2 years (3%), and seropositivity
      increased with age to reach 39% in persons >/=50 years old. These findings
      indicate that MCV infections, including very mild or subclinical cases, may be
      more common in the general community than previously suspected.

PMID- 9952382
TI  - Codon 215 mutations in human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women.
      Swiss Collaborative 'HIV and Pregnancy' Study.
AB  - In 1994, the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) Protocol 076
      demonstrated a two-thirds reduction of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus
      (HIV) type 1 transmission with zidovudine chemoprophylaxis. However, zidovudine
      alone does not fully suppress HIV replication, and chemoprophylaxis with
      zidovudine alone might select for zidovudine-resistant viral variants, decreasing
      the efficacy of zidovudine prophylaxis and affecting future responses to combined
      antiretroviral regimens. Sixty-two HIV-infected pregnant women consecutively
      enrolled in the ongoing Swiss HIV and Pregnancy Study were prospectively
      evaluated for the presence or development of zidovudine resistance by analysis of
      codon 215 of the reverse transcriptase gene. Six women (9.6%) harbored a codon
      T215Y/F mutation, which is associated with high-level resistance to zidovudine.
      Postnatal evaluation was completed in all children of mothers harboring the
      mutation. None was HIV-infected. The observed prevalence of codon 215 mutations
      of 9.6% raises important concerns regarding the future use of the PACTG 076
      regimen.

PMID- 9952383
TI  - Antiviral activity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific
      nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor HBY 097 alone and in combination
      with zidovudine in a phase II study. HBY 097/2001 Study Group.
AB  - The safety and antiviral activity of the second-generation nonnucleoside
      inhibitor HBY 097 was investigated in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients in a randomized, double-blinded,
      dose-escalation study. Mean maximum virus load decreases ranged from -1.31 log10
      copies/mL of plasma at week 1 in the group receiving HBY 097 monotherapy (250 mg
      three times daily) to -2.19 log10 copies/mL at week 4 in the group receiving
      zidovudine plus HBY 097 (750 mg three times daily). After 12 weeks, these
      patients had viral RNA copy numbers 1.05 log10 below baseline. Genotypic analysis
      of resistance development revealed reverse transcriptase K103N variants in most
      patients, which was associated with less durable efficacy of HBY 097 treatment.
      Fewer patients receiving combination therapy with high-dose HBY 097 developed the
      K103N variant (P<.01). HBY 097 caused pronounced acute suppression of HIV-1
      replication both in combination with zidovudine and alone. Therefore, sustained
      antiviral activity can be expected from multiple combination therapy regimens
      including a quinoxaline derivative.

PMID- 9952384
TI  - LTB4 and LTC4 are absent in the cerebrospinal fluid of human immunodeficiency
      virus type 1-seropositive persons with toxoplasmic encephalitis: evidence for
      inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase by Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - Previous studies on macrophages have shown that Toxoplasma gondii alters the
      metabolism of arachidonic acid with subsequent inability to generate leukotrienes
      (LT)s. LTB4 and LTC4 were analyzed in cerebrospinal fluid of 3 groups of human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-seropositive patients: with toxoplasmic
      encephalitis (TE) (n=10), with herpes simplex encephalitis (n=5), and without
      encephalitis (n=10) and in HIV-1-seronegative controls without inflammatory
      diseases (n=30) by specific immunoassays and gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. In HIV-1-seropositive subjects with TE, LTB4 and LTC4 were below
      the detection limit (<5.0 pg/mL) and thus significantly decreased (P<.01)
      compared with HIV-1-seropositive patients with herpes simplex encephalitis (LTB4,
      148.5+/-47.6 pg/mL; LTC4, 116.4+/-36.9 pg/mL) and in those without encephalitis
      (LTB4, 46.1+/-16.8 pg/mL; LTC4, 48.3+/-21.3 pg/mL), and in controls (LTB4, 43.6+/
      21.2; LTC4, 45.2+/-18.9 pg/mL). These results point to an essential role of
      inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase with subsequent failure of LT release as an
      important mechanism for the survival of T. gondii in vivo.

PMID- 9952385
TI  - Combination antiretroviral therapy and recent declines in AIDS incidence and
      mortality.
AB  - The reasons for recent declines in AIDS incidence and mortality may include
      advances in treatment, but these may be confounded by earlier declines in the
      incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To determine whether
      the declines in AIDS and mortality may, in part, stem from wider use of
      combination antiretroviral therapy, 622 HIV-positive men with well-characterized
      dates of seroconversion were followed. In this group, combination therapy came
      into widespread use in only 1996. In a Cox proportional hazards model, the 1996
      calendar period was significantly associated with slower progression to AIDS
      (relative hazard [RH]=0. 19, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05-0.69, P=.01) and
      death (RH=0. 45, 95% CI, 0.21-0.95, P=.04). Declines in incidence of HIV
      infection, changes in HIV virulence, and end-point underreporting cannot fully
      explain the decline in AIDS and death in 1996. The introduction of combination
      antiretroviral therapy as the standard of care may already have had measurable
      effects.

PMID- 9952386
TI  - Tuberculosis and chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Africans and variation in
      the vitamin D receptor gene.
AB  - The active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, is an important
      immunoregulatory hormone [1]. Its effects are exerted by interaction with the
      vitamin D receptor, which is present on human monocytes and activated T and B
      lymphocytes. Variation in the vitamin D receptor gene was typed in 2015 subjects
      from large case-control studies of three major infectious diseases: tuberculosis,
      malaria, and hepatitis B virus. Homozygotes for a polymorphism at codon 352
      (genotype tt) were significantly underrepresented among those with tuberculosis
      (chi2=6.22, 1 df, P=. 01) and persistent hepatitis B infection (chi2=6.25, 1 df,
      P=.01) but not in subjects with clinical malaria compared with the other
      genotypes. Therefore, this genetic variant, which predisposes to low bone mineral
      density in many populations, may confer resistance to certain infectious
      diseases.

PMID- 9952387
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the local and systemic antibody response
      in mice and humans with Helicobacter immunity and infection.
AB  - Immunization can prevent or cure an otherwise chronic gastric Helicobacter
      infection in several different animal models. The goal of the present study was
      to compare the titers and specificities of local and systemic antibody responses
      generated by Helicobacter infection and immunization. Protective immunization
      results in levels of specific gastric antibody significantly lower than induced
      by infection. However, antibodies from protectively immunized mice preferentially
      recognize immunodominant proteins of 10-22 and 30 kDa. Immunoblot analysis of
      infected mice and humans demonstrated that the serum IgA, but not serum IgG,
      binding profiles yield an accurate profile of the antigenic specificity of the
      host's gastric IgA. Therefore, serum IgA may be useful in evaluating the
      immunodominant antigens at the gastric mucosa of infected persons and possibly in
      determining the immunogenicity of orally applied Helicobacter vaccines.

PMID- 9952388
TI  - Correlates of gonococcal infection and of antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae among female sex workers, Republic of the Philippines, 1996-1997.
AB  - From 1994 to 1997, the proportion of Neisseria gonorrhoeae highly resistant to
      ciprofloxacin (MIC >/=4 microg/mL) increased substantially among female sex
      workers (FSWs) in the Philippines. Among 1499 Filipina FSWs, we evaluated factors
      associated with gonococcal infection and with gonococcal antimicrobial
      resistance. By multivariate analysis, gonococcal infection was associated with
      sex with a new client, self-prescribed prophylactic antimicrobial use, work in a
      brothel, and inconsistent condom use and was negatively associated with
      registration status and vaginal hygiene practices. Factors associated with
      ciprofloxacin-resistant gonococci included: marital status, living alone,
      duration of sex work, and clinic site. Further, gonococci highly resistant to
      ciprofloxacin were isolated from 10 (11.5%) of 87 FSWs reporting self-prescribed
      antimicrobial use versus 44 (3.4%) of 1295 reporting no antimicrobial use
      (P<.001). Self-prescribed prophylactic antimicrobial use and inconsistent condom
      use could be important factors in the continued emergence of gonococcal
      antimicrobial resistance in the Philippines.

PMID- 9952389
TI  - Selective anti-inflammatory action of interleukin-11 in murine Lyme disease:
      arthritis decreases while carditis persists.
AB  - The role of interleukin (IL)-11, a cytokine with potent anti-inflammatory
      properties, in murine Lyme disease was investigated. Borrelia burgdorferi
      infected mice treated with IL-11 developed less arthritis than did control
      animals. In contrast, IL-11 blocking antibodies increased Lyme arthritis. Murine
      Lyme carditis was not affected by either IL-11 or IL-11 antibodies.
      Administration of IL-11 was associated with increased production of mRNA for IL
      12 and inducible nitric oxide synthase but not interferon-gamma or IL-4 in B.
      burgdorferi-infected mice, suggesting a predominant effect of IL-11 on the innate
      immune response. These data show that IL-11 selectively reduced joint but not
      cardiac inflammation caused by B. burgdorferi in mice.

PMID- 9952390
TI  - Eosinophil sequestration and activation are associated with the onset and
      severity of systemic adverse reactions following the treatment of onchocerciasis
      with ivermectin.
AB  - To investigate the role of eosinophil activation and sequestration in the
      development and severity of adverse reactions after the treatment of Onchocerca
      volvulus infection, 40 O. volvulus-infected Ghanaians were randomized to receive
      placebo or standard- or high-dose ivermectin. Subjects were examined for typical
      physiologic and clinical events before and up to 48 h after treatment. Plasma
      samples were tested for interleukin (IL)-5 and eosinophil degranulation products
      (e.g., eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, EDN). After treatment, peripheral
      eosinophil counts declined in ivermectin-treated groups (P<.001), whereas
      circulating levels of IL-5 (P<.01) and EDN (P<.05) increased. Cumulative levels
      of IL-5 and EDN correlated with reaction scores (P<.01). High-dose ivermectin was
      associated with more-severe reactions, more-profound eosinopenia, and higher
      circulating levels of IL-5 and EDN, compared with the standard dose. These
      results suggest that eosinophil sequestration and activation/degranulation are
      associated with the initiation and severity of ivermectin-associated adverse
      reactions.

PMID- 9952391
TI  - Increased levels of soluble interleukin-4 receptor in the sera of patients with
      visceral leishmaniasis.
AB  - Kenyan subjects with visceral leishmaniasis were examined for evidence of
      increased production of soluble interleukin-4 receptor (sIL-4R). Soluble IL-4R
      regulates the bioactivity of IL-4, a cytokine important in mediating progressive
      forms of leishmaniasis. Persons with visceral leishmaniasis sustained 8- to 10
      fold more circulating sIL-4R compared with Papua New Guinea residents with
      documented filariasis or uninfected Kenyan and North American subjects. Soluble
      IL-2R concentrations were elevated nonspecifically in both visceral leishmaniasis
      and filariasis patients. These findings are significant given that IL-4 induces
      sIL-4R in mice, and treatment with recombinant sIL-4R cures progressive murine
      leishmaniasis dependent on IL-4 bioactivity. Further studies are indicated to
      determine whether the immunologic detection of IL-4 produced in human visceral
      leishmaniasis is obscured because of sequestration by soluble receptor and
      whether the production of sIL-4R is relevant to the pathogenesis of visceral
      leishmaniasis.

PMID- 9952393
TI  - Meningococcal disease outbreak associated with disco attendance.

PMID- 9952392
TI  - Plasma levels of the interleukin-6 cytokine family in persons with severe
      Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
AB  - Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, soluble IL-6 receptor, soluble gp130,
      leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and ciliary neutrophic factor (CNTF) were
      analyzed in 32 patients with severe malaria. Ten had renal failure, 8 had
      cerebral malaria, and 14 had other causes of severity. Before treatment, the IL-6
      and soluble IL-6 receptor plasma levels were significantly higher in persons with
      cerebral malaria or renal failure than in other groups (P<.01 for both). After
      initiation of therapy, IL-6 levels dropped within 24 h, but soluble IL-6 receptor
      levels increased. CNTF levels were significantly reduced in persons with cerebral
      malaria or renal failure but normalized within 24 h. Plasma concentrations of
      gp130 and LIF did not differ between the malaria groups or normal controls.
      Excessive levels of IL-6 could be controlled by a subsequent shedding of the
      soluble IL-6 receptor, and low-level CNTF expression could contribute to or even
      result from cerebral malaria or renal failure.

PMID- 9952395
TI  - Interactions of calmodulin and alpha-actinin with the NR1 subunit modulate Ca2+
      dependent inactivation of NMDA receptors.
AB  - Glutamate receptors are associated with various regulatory and cytoskeletal
      proteins. However, an understanding of the functional significance of these
      interactions is still rudimentary. Studies in hippocampal neurons suggest that
      such interactions may be involved in calcium-induced reduction in the open
      probability of NMDA receptors (inactivation). Thus we examined the role of the
      intracellular domains of the NR1 subunit and two of its binding partners,
      calmodulin and alpha-actinin, on this process using NR1/NR2A heteromers expressed
      in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. The presence of the first 30 residues
      of the intracellular C terminus of NR1 (C0 domain) was required for inactivation.
      Mutations in the last five residues of C0 reduced inactivation and produced
      parallel shifts in binding of alpha-actinin and Ca2+/calmodulin to the respective
      C0-derived peptides. Although calmodulin reduced channel activity in excised
      patches, calmodulin inhibitors did not block inactivation in whole-cell
      recording, suggesting that inactivation in the intact cell is more complex than
      binding of calmodulin to C0. Overexpression of putative Ca2+-insensitive, but not
      Ca2+-sensitive, forms of alpha-actinin reduced inactivation, an effect that was
      overcome by inclusion of calmodulin in the whole-cell pipette. The C0 domain also
      directly affects channel gating because NR1 subunits with truncated C0 domains
      that lacked calmodulin or alpha-actinin binding sites had a low open probability.
      We propose that inactivation can occur after C0 dissociates from alpha-actinin by
      two distinct but converging calcium-dependent processes: competitive displacement
      of alpha-actinin by calmodulin and reduction in the affinity of alpha-actinin for
      C0 after binding of calcium to alpha-actinin.

PMID- 9952396
TI  - Estrogen-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in cerebral
      cortical explants: convergence of estrogen and neurotrophin signaling pathways.
AB  - We have shown that estrogen elicits a selective enhancement of the growth and
      differentiation of axons and dendrites (neurites) in the developing CNS. We
      subsequently demonstrated widespread colocalization of estrogen and neurotrophin
      receptors (trk) within developing forebrain neurons and reciprocal
      transcriptional regulation of these receptors by their ligands. Using organotypic
      explants of the cerebral cortex, we tested the hypothesis that
      estrogen/neurotrophin receptor coexpression also may result in convergence or
      cross-coupling of their signaling pathways. Estradiol elicited rapid (within 5-15
      min) tyrosine phosphorylation/activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP)
      kinases, ERK1 and ERK2, that persisted for at least 2 hr. This extracellular
      signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activation was inhibited successfully by
      the MEK1 inhibitor PD98059, but not by the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI
      182,780, and did not appear to result from estradiol-induced activation of trk.
      Furthermore, we also found that estradiol elicited an increase in B-Raf kinase
      activity. The latter and subsequent downstream events leading to ERK activation
      may be a consequence of our documentation of a multimeric complex consisting of,
      at least, the ER, hsp90, and B-Raf. These novel findings provide an alternative
      mechanism for some of the estrogen actions in the developing CNS and could
      explain not only some of the very rapid effects of estrogen but also the ability
      of estrogen and neurotrophins to regulate the same broad array of cytoskeletal
      and growth-associated genes involved in neurite growth and differentiation.

PMID- 9952397
TI  - Cellular localization of huntingtin in striatal and cortical neurons in rats:
      lack of correlation with neuronal vulnerability in Huntington's disease.
AB  - Immunohistochemistry and single-cell RT-PCR were used to characterize the
      localization of huntingtin and/or its mRNA in the major types of striatal neurons
      and in corticostriatal projection neurons in rats. Single-label
      immunohistochemical studies revealed that striatum contains scattered large
      neurons rich in huntingtin and more numerous medium-sized neurons moderate in
      huntingtin. Double-label immunohistochemical studies showed that the large
      huntingtin-rich striatal neurons include nearly all cholinergic interneurons and
      some parvalbuminergic interneurons. Somatostatinergic striatal interneurons,
      which are medium in size, rarely contained huntingtin. Calbindin immunolabeling
      showed that the vast majority of the medium-sized striatal neurons that contain
      huntingtin are projection neurons, but only approximately 65% of calbindin
      labeled projection neurons (localized to the matrix compartment of striatum) were
      labeled for huntingtin. Calbindin-containing projection neurons of the matrix
      compartment and calbindin-negative projection neurons of the striatal patch
      compartment contained huntingtin with comparable frequency. Single-cell RT-PCR
      confirmed that striatal cholinergic interneurons contain huntingtin, but only
      approximately 65% of projection neurons contained detectable huntingtin message.
      The finding that huntingtin is not consistently found in striatal projection
      neurons [which die in Huntington's disease (HD)] but is abundant in striatal
      cholinergic interneurons (which survive in Huntington's disease) suggests that
      the mutation in huntingtin that causes HD may not directly kill neurons. In
      contrast to the heterogeneous expression of huntingtin in the different striatal
      neuron types, we found all corticostriatal neurons to be rich in huntingtin
      protein and mRNA. One possibility raised by our findings is that the HD mutation
      may render corticostriatal neurons destructive rather than render striatal
      neurons vulnerable.

PMID- 9952398
TI  - The photovoltage of macaque cone photoreceptors: adaptation, noise, and kinetics.
AB  - Whole-cell voltage and current recordings were obtained from red and green cone
      photoreceptors in isolated retina from macaque monkey. It was demonstrated
      previously that the cone photovoltage is generated from two sources,
      phototransduction current in the cone outer segment and photocurrent from
      neighboring rods. Rod signals are likely transmitted to cones across the gap
      junctions between rods and cones. In this study, the "pure" cone and rod
      components of the response were extracted with rod-adapting backgrounds or by
      subtracting the responses to flashes of different wavelength equated in their
      excitation of either rods or cones. For dim flashes, the pure cone component was
      similar in waveform to the cone outer segment current, and the rod component was
      similar to the photovoltage measured directly in rods. With bright flashes, the
      high frequencies of the rod signal were filtered out by the rod/cone network. The
      two components of the cone photovoltage adapted separately to background
      illumination. The amplitude of the rod component was halved by backgrounds
      eliciting approximately 100 photoisomerizations sec-1 per rod; the cone component
      was halved by backgrounds of 8700 photoisomerizations sec-1 per cone. Coupling
      between rods and cones was not modulated by either dim backgrounds or dopamine.
      Voltage noise in dark-adapted cones was dominated by elementary events other than
      photopigment isomerizations. The dark noise was equivalent in magnitude to a
      steady light eliciting approximately 3800 photoisomerizations sec-1 per cone, a
      value significantly higher than the psychophysical estimates of cone "dark
      light."

PMID- 9952399
TI  - Uptake of precursor and synthesis of transmitter in a histaminergic
      photoreceptor.
AB  - As a first step in understanding how the supply of the neurotransmitter histamine
      is maintained in a photoreceptor, we followed the uptake and metabolism of the
      immediate precursor of histamine, histidine. [3H]Histidine taken up into
      photoreceptors and glia was detected using autoradiography, and synthesis of
      [3H]histamine from [3H]histidine was assayed with thin-layer chromatography.
      Photoreceptors from barnacles were pulsed (15 min) with [3H]histidine (0.2-200
      microM), then maintained in normal saline for up to 24 hr. Autoradiography showed
      that photoreceptor somata, axons, and presynaptic arbors were labeled, but only
      weakly, like (nonhistaminergic) ganglion cells. Label instead was concentrated
      over surrounding glia. Stimulating preparations with light did not increase
      photoreceptor labeling. Grain counts from photoreceptor axons showed uptake of
      [3H]histidine into these neurons by a Na+-dependent mechanism with a Km of
      approximately 50 microM. Over 24 hr only 1% of the [3H]histidine taken up by
      preparations was converted to [3H]histamine either in the dark or in the light.
      Injections of [3H]histidine directly into photoreceptors established that
      synthesis takes place within the photoreceptors and confirmed that stimulation
      with light did not measurably affect the rate of conversion of [3H]histidine to
      [3H]histamine. These results suggest that de novo synthesis of transmitter is
      unlikely to be as important as its reuptake in maintaining neurotransmitter
      supply in these photoreceptor terminals. In support of this conclusion,
      photoreceptors accumulated more label when transmitter release was stimulated
      with high K+ and histamine uptake was antagonized with chlorpromazine.

PMID- 9952401
TI  - Hippocampal long-term potentiation preserves the fidelity of postsynaptic
      responses to presynaptic bursts.
AB  - Hippocampal cells often fire prolonged bursts of action potentials, resulting in
      dynamic modulation of postsynaptic responses; yet long-term potentiation (LTP)
      has routinely been studied using only single presynaptic stimuli given at low
      frequency. Recent work on neocortical synapses has suggested that LTP may cause a
      "redistribution of synaptic strength" in which synaptic responses to the first
      stimulus of a presynaptic burst of action potentials are potentiated with later
      responses depressed. We have examined whether this redistribution occurs at
      hippocampal synapses during LTP. Using prolonged bursts that result in maximal
      short-term depression of later responses within the burst, we found that LTP
      resulted in a uniform potentiation of individual responses throughout the burst
      rather than a redistribution of synaptic strength. This occurred both at Schaffer
      collateral-CA1 synapses and at CA3-CA3 synapses, the latter being activated and
      monitored using paired recordings. Thus in the hippocampus, LTP preserves the
      fidelity of postsynaptic responses to presynaptic bursts by a uniform increase
      rather than a redistribution of synaptic strength, a finding that suggests there
      are important differences between neocortex and hippocampus in how long-term
      changes in synaptic strength are used to encode new information.

PMID- 9952400
TI  - Reg1ulatory role and molecular interactions of a cell-surface heparan sulfate
      proteoglycan (N-syndecan) in hippocampal long-term potentiation.
AB  - The cellular mechanisms responsible for synaptic plasticity involve interactions
      between neurons and the extracellular matrix. Heparan sulfates (HSs) constitute a
      group of glycosaminoglycans that accumulate in the beta-amyloid deposits in
      Alzheimer's disease and influence the development of neuron-target contacts by
      interacting with other cell surface and matrix molecules. However, the
      contribution of HSs to brain function is unknown. We found that HSs play a
      crucial role in long-term potentiation (LTP), a finding that is consistent with
      the idea that converging molecular mechanisms are used in the development of
      neuron-target contacts and in activity-induced synaptic plasticity in adults.
      Enzymatic cleavage of HS by heparitinase as well as addition of soluble heparin
      type carbohydrates prevented expression of LTP in response to 100 Hz/1 sec
      stimulation of Schaffer collaterals in rat hippocampal slices. A prominent
      carrier protein for the type of glycans implicated in LTP regulation in the adult
      hippocampus was identified as N-syndecan (syndecan-3), a transmembrane
      proteoglycan that was expressed at the processes of the CA1 pyramidal neurons in
      an activity-dependent manner. Addition of soluble N-syndecan into the CA1
      dendritic area prevented tetanus-induced LTP. A major substrate of src-type
      kinases, cortactin (p80/85), and the tyrosine kinase fyn copurified with N
      syndecan from hippocampus. Moreover, association of both cortactin and fyn to N
      syndecan was rapidly increased after induction of LTP. N-syndecan may thus act as
      an important regulator in the activity-dependent modulation of neuronal
      connectivity by transmitting signals between extracellular heparin-binding
      factors and the fyn signaling pathway.

PMID- 9952402
TI  - Activation of protein kinase A contributes to the expression but not the
      induction of long-term hyperexcitability caused by axotomy of Aplysia sensory
      neurons.
AB  - Nociceptive sensory neurons (SNs) in Aplysia provide useful models to study both
      memory and adaptive responses to nerve injury. Induction of long-term memory in
      many species, including Aplysia, is thought to depend on activation of cAMP
      dependent protein kinase (PKA). Because Aplysia SNs display similar alterations
      in models of memory and after nerve injury, a plausible hypothesis is that
      axotomy triggers memory-like modifications by activating PKA in damaged axons.
      The present study disproves this hypothesis. SN axotomy was produced by (1)
      dissociation of somata from the ganglion [which is shown to induce long-term
      hyperexcitability (LTH)], (2) transection of neurites of dissociated SNs growing
      in vitro, or (3) peripheral nerve crush. Application of the competitive PKA
      inhibitor Rp-8-CPT-cAMPS at the time of axotomy failed to alter the induction of
      LTH by each form of axotomy, although the inhibitor antagonized hyperexcitability
      produced by 5-HT application. Strong activation of PKA in the nerve by
      coapplication of a membrane-permeant analog of cAMP and a phosphodiesterase
      inhibitor was not sufficient to induce LTH of either the SN somata or axons.
      Furthermore, nerve crush failed to activate axonal PKA or stimulate its
      retrograde transport. Therefore, PKA activation plays little if any role in the
      induction of LTH by axotomy. However, the expression of LTH was reduced by
      intracellular injection of the highly specific PKA inhibitor PKI several days
      after nerve crush. This suggests that long-lasting activation of PKA in or near
      the soma contributes to the maintenance of long-term modifications produced by
      nerve injury.

PMID- 9952403
TI  - Ciliary neurotrophic factor is a regulator of muscular strength in aging.
AB  - Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) participates in the survival of motor neurons
      and reduces the denervation-induced atrophy of skeletal muscles. Experiments
      performed in rats show a decrease in peripheral CNTF synthesis during aging,
      associated with an overexpression of its alpha-binding receptor component by
      skeletal muscles. Measurement of sciatic nerve CNTF production and of the
      muscular performance developed by the animals revealed a strong correlation
      between the two studied parameters (r = 0.8; p < 0.0003). Furthermore, the twitch
      and tetanic tensions measured in the isolated soleus skeletal muscle in 24-month
      old animals increased 2. 5-fold by continuous in vivo administration of CNTF.
      Analyses of the activation level of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor beta- and
      signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-signaling molecules in
      response to exogenous CNTF revealed an increased tyrosine phosphorylation
      positively correlated with the twitch tension developed by the soleus muscle of
      the animals.

PMID- 9952404
TI  - Rapid, activation-induced redistribution of ionotropic glutamate receptors in
      cultured hippocampal neurons.
AB  - We have examined the membrane localization of an AMPA receptor subunit (GluR1)
      and an NMDA receptor subunit (NR1) endogenously expressed in primary cultures of
      rat hippocampal neurons. In unstimulated cultures, both GluR1 and NR1 subunits
      were concentrated in SV2-positive synaptic clusters associated with dendritic
      shafts and spines. Within 5 min after the addition of 100 microM glutamate to the
      culture medium, a rapid and selective redistribution of GluR1 subunits away from
      a subset of synaptic sites was observed. This redistribution of GluR1 subunits
      was also induced by AMPA, did not require NMDA receptor activation, did not
      result from ligand-induced neurotoxicity, and was reversible after the removal of
      agonist. The activation-induced redistribution of GluR1 subunits was associated
      with a pronounced (approximately 50%) decrease in the frequency of miniature
      EPSCs, consistent with a role of GluR1 subunit redistribution in mediating rapid
      regulation of synaptic efficacy. We conclude that ionotropic glutamate receptors
      are regulated in native neurons by rapid, subtype-specific membrane trafficking,
      which may modulate synaptic transmission in response to physiological or
      pathophysiological activation.

PMID- 9952405
TI  - Mutation in neurofilament transgene implicates RNA processing in the pathogenesis
      of neurodegenerative disease.
AB  - A mouse neurofilament light subunit (NF-L) transgene with a 36 bp c-myc insert at
      the end of the coding region was found to have neuropathic effects on enteric and
      motor neurons of transgenic mice. The severity of phenotype was related directly
      to the levels of transgenic mRNA expression. High levels of transgene expression
      were lethal to newborn pups, causing profound alterations in the development of
      the enteric nervous system and extensive vacuolar changes in motor neurons. Lower
      levels of transgene expression led to a transient stunting of growth and focal
      alterations of enteric and motor neurons. Because the positioning of the c-myc
      insert coincided with the location of the major stability determinant of the NF-L
      mRNA (Canete-Soler et al., 1998a,b), additional studies were undertaken. These
      studies showed that the c-myc insert alters the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes
      that bind to the stability determinant and disrupts their ability to regulate the
      stability of the transcripts. The findings indicate that expression of an NF-L
      transgene with a mutant mRNA stability determinant is highly disruptive to
      enteric and motor neurons and implicate alterations in RNA processing in the
      pathogenesis of a neurodegenerative condition.

PMID- 9952407
TI  - Sustained and accelerating activity at two discrete sites generate epileptiform
      discharges in slices of piriform cortex.
AB  - When near-threshold electrical stimulation is used to evoke epileptiform
      discharges in brain slices, a latent period of up to 150 msec elapses before the
      discharge begins. During this period most neurons are silent, and abnormal
      electrical activity is difficult to detect with microelectrodes. A fundamental
      question about epileptiform activity concerns how synchronous discharges arise
      abruptly in a relatively quiescent slice. This issue was addressed here by using
      voltage imaging techniques to study epileptiform discharges in rat piriform
      cortex slices. These experiments revealed two distinct forms of electrical
      activity during the latent period. (1) A steeply increasing depolarization,
      referred to here as onset activity, has been described previously and occurs at
      the site of discharge onset. (2) A sustained depolarization that precedes onset
      activity, referred to here as plateau activity, has not been described
      previously. Plateau and onset activity occurred in different subregions of the
      endopiriform nucleus (a region of high seizure susceptibility). When cobalt or
      kynurenic acid was applied focally to inhibit electrical activity at the site of
      plateau activity, discharges were blocked. However, application of these agents
      to other nearby sites (except the site of onset) failed to block discharges.
      Plateau activity represents a novel form of electrical activity that precedes and
      is necessary for epileptiform discharges. Discharges thus are generated in a
      sequential process by two spatially distinct neuronal circuits. The first circuit
      amplifies and sustains activity initiated by the stimulus, and the second
      generates the actual discharge in response to an excitatory drive from the first.

PMID- 9952406
TI  - Distinct mechanisms underlie neurotoxin-mediated cell death in cultured
      dopaminergic neurons.
AB  - Oxidative stress is thought to contribute to dopaminergic cell death in
      Parkinson's disease (PD). The neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which is
      easily oxidized to reactive oxygen species (ROS), appears to induce neuronal
      death by a free radical-mediated mechanism, whereas the involvement of free
      radicals in N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) toxicity is less clear. Using free
      radical-sensitive fluorophores and vital dyes with post hoc identification of
      tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons, we monitored markers of apoptosis and the
      production of ROS in dopaminergic neurons treated with either 6-OHDA or MPP+.
      Annexin-V staining suggested that 6-OHDA but not MPP+-mediated cell death was
      apoptotic. In accordance with this assignment, the general caspase inhibitor Boc
      (Asp)-fluoromethylketone only blocked 6-OHDA neurotoxicity. Both toxins exhibited
      an early, sustained rise in ROS, although only 6-OHDA induced a collapse in
      mitochondrial membrane potential temporally related to the increase in ROS.
      Recently, derivatives of buckminsterfullerene (C60) molecules have been shown to
      act as potent antioxidants in several models of oxidative stress (Dugan et al.,
      1997). Significant, dose-dependent levels of protection were also seen in these
      in vitro models of PD using the C3 carboxyfullerene derivative. Specifically, C3
      was fully protective in the 6-OHDA paradigm, whereas it only partially rescued
      dopaminergic neurons from MPP+-induced cell death. In either model, it was more
      effective than glial-derived neurotrophic factor. These data suggest that cell
      death in response to 6-OHDA and MPP+ may progress through different mechanisms,
      which can be partially or entirely saved by carboxyfullerenes.

PMID- 9952408
TI  - Molecular analysis of the X11-mLin-2/CASK complex in brain.
AB  - A heterotrimeric complex containing Lin-10/X11alpha, Lin-2/CASK, and Lin-7 is
      evolutionarily conserved from worms to mammals. In Caenorhabditis elegans, it
      localizes Let-23, a receptor tyrosine kinase, to the basolateral side of vulval
      epithelium, a step crucial for proper vulva development. In mammals, the complex
      may also participate in receptor targeting in neurons. Accordingly,
      phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) and postsynaptic density-95/Discs large/Zona
      Occludens-1 domains found in X11alpha and mLin-2/CASK bind to cell-surface
      proteins, including amyloid precursor protein, neurexins, and syndecans. In this
      paper, we have further analyzed the X11alpha-mLin-2/CASK association that is
      mediated by a novel protein-protein interaction. We show that the mLin-2/CASK
      calmodulin kinase II (CKII) domain directly binds to a 63 amino acids peptide
      located between the Munc-18-1 binding site and the PTB domain in X11alpha.
      Ca2+/calmodulin association with mLin-2/CASK does not modify the X11alpha-mLin-2
      interaction. A region containing the mLin-2/CASK guanylate kinase domain also
      interacts with X11alpha but with a lower affinity than the CKII domain.
      Immunostaining of X11alpha in the brain shows that the protein is expressed in
      areas shown previously to be positive for mLin-2/CASK staining. Together, our
      data demonstrate that the X11alpha-mLin-2 complex contacts many partners,
      creating a macrocomplex suitable for receptor targeting at the neuronal plasma
      membrane.

PMID- 9952409
TI  - Inhibitors of myosin light chain kinase block synaptic vesicle pool mobilization
      during action potential firing.
AB  - During repetitive action potential firing the maintenance of synaptic
      transmission relies on a continued supply of synaptic vesicles for fusion with
      the presynaptic plasma membrane. The mechanism of transport by which vesicles are
      delivered to the site of fusion from a reserve pool is unknown, as are the
      biochemical pathways linking intracellular Ca2+ elevation with vesicle
      mobilization. Here, using the fluorescent tracer FM1-43 in hippocampal synaptic
      terminals, I show that inhibitors of myosin light chain kinase can block
      mobilization of the reserve pool and not the immediately releasable pool.

PMID- 9952410
TI  - The sec6/8 complex is located at neurite outgrowth and axonal synapse-assembly
      domains.
AB  - The molecules that specify domains on the neuronal plasma membrane for the
      delivery and accumulation of vesicles during neurite outgrowth and synapse
      formation are unknown. We investigated the role of the sec6/8 complex, a set of
      proteins that specifies vesicle targeting sites in yeast and epithelial cells, in
      neuronal membrane trafficking. This complex was found in layers of developing rat
      brain undergoing synaptogenesis. In cultured hippocampal neurons, the sec6/8
      complex was present in regions of ongoing membrane addition: the tips of growing
      neurites, filopodia, and growth cones. In young axons, the sec6/8 complex was
      also confined to periodic domains of the plasma membrane. The distribution of
      synaptotagmin, synapsin1, sec6, and FM1-43 labeling in cultured neurons suggested
      that the plasma membrane localization of the sec6/8 complex preceded the arrival
      of synaptic markers and was downregulated in mature synapses. We propose that the
      sec6/8 complex specifies sites for targeting vesicles at domains of neurite
      outgrowth and potential active zones during synaptogenesis.

PMID- 9952411
TI  - Suppression of postischemic hippocampal nerve growth factor expression by a c-fos
      antisense oligodeoxynucleotide.
AB  - We examined the uptake and distribution of an antisense phosphorothioated
      oligodeoxynucleotide (s-ODN) to c-fos, rncfosr115, infused into the left cerebral
      ventricle of male Long-Evans rats and the effect of this s-ODN on subsequent Fos,
      NGF, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and actin expression. To establish the uptake and
      turnover of s-ODN in the brain, we studied the copurification of the
      immunoreactivity of biotin with biotinylated s-ODN that was recovered from
      different regions of the brain. A time-dependent diffusion and the localization
      of s-ODN were further demonstrated by labeling the 3'-OH terminus of s-ODN in
      situ with digoxigenin-dUTP using terminal transferase and detection using anti
      digoxigenin IgG-FITC. Cellular uptake of the s-ODN was evident in both the
      hippocampal and cortical regions, consistent with a gradient originating at the
      ventricular surface. Degradation of the s-ODN was observed beginning 48 hr after
      delivery. The effectiveness of c-fos antisense s-ODN was demonstrated by its
      suppression of postischemic Fos expression, which was accompanied by an
      inhibition of ischemia-induced NGF mRNA expression in the dentate gyrus. Infusion
      of saline, the sense s-ODN, or a mismatch antisense s-ODN did not suppress Fos
      expression. That this effect of c-fos antisense s-ODN was specific to NGF was
      demonstrated by its lack of effect on the postischemic expression of the NT-3 and
      beta-actin genes. Our results demonstrate that c-fos antisense s-ODN blocks
      selected downstream events and support the contention that postischemic Fos
      regulates the subsequent expression of the NGF gene and that Fos expression may
      have a functional component in neuroregeneration after focal cerebral ischemia
      reperfusion.

PMID- 9952412
TI  - Reelin regulates the development and synaptogenesis of the layer-specific
      entorhino-hippocampal connections.
AB  - Here we examine the role of Reelin, an extracellular protein involved in neuronal
      migration, in the formation of hippocampal connections. Both at prenatal and
      postnatal stages, the general laminar and topographic distribution of entorhinal
      projections is preserved in the hippocampus of reeler mutant mice, in the absence
      of Reelin. However, developing and adult entorhinal afferents show severe
      alterations, including increased numbers of misrouted fibers and the formation of
      abnormal patches of termination from the medial and lateral entorhinal cortices.
      At perinatal stages, single entorhinal axons in reeler mice are grouped into
      thick bundles, and they have decreased axonal branching and decreased extension
      of axon collaterals. We also show that the number of entorhino-hippocampal
      synapses is lower in reeler mice than in control animals during development.
      Studies performed in mixed entorhino-hippocampal co-cultures combining slices
      from reeler and wild-type mice indicate that these abnormalities are caused by
      the lack of Reelin in the target hippocampus. These findings imply that Reelin
      fulfills a modulatory role during the formation of layer-specific and topographic
      connections in the hippocampus. They also suggest that Reelin promotes maturation
      of single fibers and synaptogenesis by entorhinal afferents.

PMID- 9952413
TI  - Odor-induced, activity-dependent transneuronal gene induction in vitro: mediation
      by NMDA receptors.
AB  - Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) by juxtaglomerular (JG) neurons of the
      olfactory bulb (OB) requires innervation of the bulb by olfactory receptor
      neurons (ORNs). ORN lesion selectively downregulates TH in JG neurons. In
      reversible odor deprivation, TH expression is downregulated as the naris is
      closed and then upregulated upon naris reopening. The mechanism or mechanisms
      regulating this dependence are unknown. TH expression could be regulated by
      trophic factor release and/or synaptic activity from ORN terminals. We
      investigated TH expression in cocultures of dissociated postnatal rat OB cells
      and embryonic olfactory neuroepithelium (OE) slice explants. TH-positive neurons
      in control dissociated OB cell cultures alone comprise only a small fraction of
      the total population of cells present in the culture. However, when OE slice
      explants are cocultured with dispersed OB cells, there is a mean 2.4-fold
      increase in the number of TH-positive neurons. ORNs in vivo use glutamate as a
      neurotransmitter. Broad spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonists (kyurenic
      acid) or selective antagonists of the NMDA receptor (APV) both prevent induction
      of TH expression in OE-OB cocultures. Furthermore, pulse application of NMDA
      stimulates TH expression in OB neurons in the absence of OE. In vitro, OB TH
      neurons express NMDA receptors, suggesting that NMDA stimulation is acting
      directly on TH neurons. Exposure of OE explants to natural odorants results in
      upregulation of TH, presumably through increased ORN activity, which could be
      blocked by APV. These findings indicate that odorant-stimulated glutamate release
      by ORN terminals regulates TH expression via NMDA receptors on JG dopaminergic
      neurons.

PMID- 9952414
TI  - Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates neurotransmitter-like conductance changes that
      precede GABA and L-glutamate in early, presumptive cortical neuroblasts.
AB  - During neurogenesis in the embryonic cerebral cortex, the classical
      neurotransmitters GABA and L-glutamate stimulate ionic conductance changes in
      ventricular zone (VZ) neuroblasts. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive
      phospholipid producing myriad effects on cells including alterations in membrane
      conductances (for review, see Moolenaar et al., 1995). Developmental expression
      patterns of its first cloned receptor gene, lpA1/vzg-1 (Hecht et al., 1996;
      Fukushima et al., 1998) in the VZ suggested that functional LPA receptors were
      synthesized at these early times, and thus, LPA could be an earlier stimulus to
      VZ cells than the neurotransmitters GABA and L-glutamate. To address this
      possibility, primary cultures of electrically coupled, presumptive cortical
      neuroblast clusters were identified by age, morphology, electrophysiological
      profile, BrdU incorporation, and nestin immunostaining. Single cells from
      cortical neuroblast cell lines were also examined. Whole-cell variation of the
      patch-clamp technique was used to record from nestin-immunoreactive cells after
      stimulation by local administration of ligands. After initial plating at
      embryonic day 11 (E11), cells responded only to LPA but not to GABA or L
      glutamate. Continued growth in culture for up to 12 hr produced more LPA
      responsive cells, but also a growing population of GABA- or L-glutamate
      responsive cells. Cultures from E12 embryos showed LPA as well as GABA and L
      glutamate responses, with LPA-responsive cells still representing a majority.
      Overall, >50% of cells responded to LPA with depolarization mediated by either
      chloride or nonselective cation conductances. These data implicate LPA as the
      earliest reported extracellular stimulus of ionic conductance changes for
      cortical neuroblasts and provide evidence for LPA as a novel, physiological
      component in CNS development.

PMID- 9952415
TI  - BEN/SC1/DM-GRASP expression during neuromuscular development: a cell adhesion
      molecule regulated by innervation.
AB  - BEN/SC1/DM-GRASP is a cell adhesion molecule belonging to the Ig superfamily that
      is transiently expressed during avian embryogenesis in a variety of cell types,
      including the motoneurons of the spinal cord. We have investigated the pattern of
      BEN expression during neuromuscular development of the chick. We show that both
      motoneurons and their target myoblasts express BEN during early embryonic
      development and that the protein becomes restricted at neuromuscular contacts as
      soon as postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor clusters are observed in muscle
      fibers. Muscle cells grown in vitro express and maintain BEN expression even when
      they fuse and give rise to mature myotubes. When embryos are deprived of
      innervation by neural tube ablation, BEN expression is observed in muscle fibers,
      whereas, in control, the protein is already restricted at neuromuscular synaptic
      sites. These results demonstrate that all myogenic cells intrinsically express
      BEN and maintain the protein in the absence of innervation. Conversely, when
      neurons are added to myogenic cultures, BEN is rapidly downregulated in muscle
      cells, demonstrating that innervation controls the restricted pattern of BEN
      expression seen in innervated muscles. After nerve section in postnatal muscles,
      BEN protein becomes again widely spread over muscle fibers. When denervated
      muscles are allowed to be reinnervated, the protein is reexpressed in
      regenerating motor axons, and reinnervation of synaptic sites leads to the
      concentration of BEN at neuromuscular junctions. Our results suggest that BEN
      cell adhesion molecule acts both in the formation of neuromuscular contacts
      during development and in the events leading to muscle reinnervation.

PMID- 9952416
TI  - Stimulation of myelin basic protein gene transcription by Fyn tyrosine kinase for
      myelination.
AB  - Myelin is synthesized about the time of birth. The Src-family tyrosine kinase Fyn
      is involved in the initial events of myelination. Fyn is present in myelin
      forming cells and is activated through stimulation of cell surface receptors such
      as large myelin-associated glycoprotein (L-MAG). Here we show that Fyn stimulates
      transcription of the myelin basic protein (MBP) gene for myelination. MBP is a
      major component of the myelin membrane. In 4-week-old Fyn-deficient mice, MBP is
      significantly reduced, and electron microscopic analysis showed that myelination
      is delayed, compared with wild-type mice. The Fyn-deficient mice had thinner,
      more irregular myelin than the wild-type. We found that Fyn stimulates the
      promoter activity of the MBP gene by approximately sevenfold. The region
      responsible for the transactivation by Fyn is located between nucleotides -675
      and -647 with respect to the transcription start site. Proteins binding to this
      region were found by gel shift study, and the binding activity correlates with
      Fyn activity during myelination. These results suggest that transactivation of
      the MBP gene by Fyn is important for myelination.

PMID- 9952417
TI  - Organization of disparity-selective neurons in macaque area MT.
AB  - Neurons selective for binocular disparity are found in a number of visual
      cortical areas in primates, but there is little evidence that any of these areas
      are specialized for disparity processing. We have examined the organization of
      disparity-selective neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT), an area
      shown previously to contain an abundance of disparity-sensitive neurons. We
      recorded extracellularly from MT neurons at regularly spaced intervals along
      electrode penetrations that passed through MT either normal to the cortical
      surface or at a shallow oblique angle. Comparison of multiunit and single-unit
      recordings shows that neurons are clustered in MT according to their disparity
      selectivity. Across the surface of MT, disparity-selective neurons are found in
      discrete patches that are separated by regions of MT that exhibit poor disparity
      tuning. Within disparity-selective patches of MT, we typically observe a smooth
      progression of preferred disparities (e.g. , near to far) as our electrode
      travels parallel to the cortical surface. In electrode penetrations normal to the
      cortical surface, on the other hand, MT neurons generally have similar disparity
      tuning, with little variation from one recording site to the next. Thus disparity
      tuned neurons are organized into cortical columns by preferred disparity, and
      preferred disparity is mapped systematically within larger, disparity-tuned
      patches of MT. Combined with other recent findings, the data suggest that MT
      plays an important role in stereoscopic depth perception in addition to its well
      known role in motion perception.

PMID- 9952418
TI  - GDNF protection against 6-OHDA-induced reductions in potassium-evoked overflow of
      striatal dopamine.
AB  - Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), when administered before 6
      hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), has been shown to prevent the reduction in nigral
      dopamine (DA) levels and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons normally observed
      after 6-OHDA lesions. The present study examined the ability of GDNF to prevent 6
      OHDA-induced reductions in striatal DA release and reductions in striatal and
      nigral DA levels. GDNF (10 micrograms), or vehicle, was injected into the right
      nigra of anesthetized male Fischer-344 rats and was followed 6 hr later by
      intranigral 6-OHDA or saline. Three to four weeks later the animals were
      anesthetized with urethane and prepared for in vivo electrochemistry. Potassium
      evoked overflow of DA was dramatically decreased in the right striatum of the
      vehicle + 6-OHDA-treated animals. GDNF appeared to prevent the reduction in
      evoked overflow of DA in the right striatum of the 6-OHDA-treated animals.
      However, in comparison with that in animals that received GDNF + saline, the
      overflow of DA was significantly reduced in the GDNF + 6-OHDA animals. Similarly,
      although nigral levels of DA were above normal in the GDNF + 6-OHDA-treated
      animals, they were below DA levels found in GDNF + saline-treated rats. Striatal
      DA levels were partially protected by GDNF. In animals examined 10-12 weeks after
      the GDNF and 6-OHDA treatments, the apparent protective ability of GDNF on the
      evoked overflow of DA in the striatum was diminished. Thus, although intranigral
      GDNF can prevent 6-OHDA-induced reductions in nigral DA levels, long-term
      protection of the evoked overflow of DA in the striatum is minimal.

PMID- 9952419
TI  - Selective inhibition of kindling development by intraventricular administration
      of TrkB receptor body.
AB  - Recent work has shown that neurotrophin gene expression is increased after
      seizures evoked in the kindling model of epilepsy, but whether neurotrophins
      regulate kindling development is as yet unclear. In this study, we attempted to
      block selectively the activation of distinct neurotrophin receptors throughout
      kindling development in the rat via chronic intracerebroventricular
      administration of trk receptor bodies. The efficacy and selectivity of the trk
      receptor bodies were established by inhibition of neurotrophin-induced trk
      receptor phosphorylation in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and primary cultures of
      cortical neurons. The intracerebroventricular infusion of trkB receptor body
      (trkB-Fc) inhibited development of kindling in comparison with that seen with
      saline or human IgG controls, trkA-Fc, or trkC-Fc. These results imply that
      activation of trkB receptors contributes to the development of kindling, a form
      of activity-dependent behavioral plasticity in the adult mammalian brain.

PMID- 9952420
TI  - Dopamine selectively inhibits the direct cortical pathway to the CA1 hippocampal
      region.
AB  - The perforant path input (pp) is a major direct source of specific sensory
      information for the CA1 hippocampal region. The termination area of this pathway,
      the stratum lacunosum-moleculare, has the highest concentration of dopamine
      receptors in the hippocampus. We have examined the properties of the pp input and
      its modulation by dopamine. The input is glutamatergic and has a larger NMDA
      component than the Schaffer collateral (sc) input. Dopamine strongly inhibits the
      response to pp stimulation (IC50 approximately 3 microM) but not the response to
      sc stimulation. Dopamine reduces both the NMDA and AMPA components of
      transmission at the pp and increases paired-pulse facilitation. In the sc, the
      NMDA component but not the AMPA component is decreased, and paired-pulse
      facilitation is not affected. The effect of dopamine on the pp does not depend on
      GABAA inhibition but is reduced by the antagonists of both D1 and D2 families of
      dopamine receptors. The effect is not completely blocked by the combination of D1
      and D2 antagonists, but is completely blocked by the atypical neuroleptic
      clozapine. Our results provide the first evidence for strong dopaminergic control
      of transmission in the perforant path. By inhibiting this pathway, dopamine
      hyperfunction and/or NMDA hypofunction abnormalities implicated in schizophrenia
      may isolate CA1 from its main source of sensory information.

PMID- 9952421
TI  - The organization of cerebellar and basal ganglia outputs to primary motor cortex
      as revealed by retrograde transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus type 1.
AB  - We used retrograde transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 to map
      the origin of cerebellar and basal ganglia "projections" to leg, arm, and face
      areas of the primary motor cortex (M1). Four to five days after virus injections
      into M1, we observed many densely labeled neurons in localized regions of the
      output nuclei of the cerebellum and basal ganglia. The largest numbers of these
      neurons were found in portions of the dentate nucleus and the internal segment of
      the globus pallidus (GPi). Smaller numbers of labeled neurons were found in
      portions of the interpositus nucleus and the substantia nigra pars reticulata.
      The distribution of neuronal labeling varied with the cortical injection site.
      For example, within the dentate, neurons labeled from leg M1 were located
      rostrally, those from face M1 caudally, and those from arm M1 at intermediate
      levels. In each instance, labeled neurons were confined to approximately the
      dorsal third of the nucleus. Within GPi, neurons labeled from leg M1 were located
      in dorsal and medial regions, those from face M1 in ventral and lateral regions,
      and those from arm M1 in intermediate regions. These results demonstrate that M1
      is the target of somatotopically organized outputs from both the cerebellum and
      basal ganglia. Surprisingly, the projections to M1 originate from only 30% of the
      volume of the dentate and <15% of GPi. Thus, the majority of the outputs from the
      cerebellum and basal ganglia are directed to cortical areas other than M1.

PMID- 9952422
TI  - Gonadal steroids promote glial differentiation and alter neuronal morphology in
      the developing hypothalamus in a regionally specific manner.
AB  - One of the more striking sexual dimorphisms in the adult brain is the synaptic
      patterning in some hypothalamic nuclei. In the arcuate nucleus (ARC) males have
      twice the number of axosomatic and one-half the number of axodendritic spine
      synapses as females. The opposite pattern is observed in the immediately adjacent
      ventromedial nucleus (VMN). In both cases, early exposure to testosterone
      dictates adult dimorphism, but the exact timing, mechanism, and site of steroid
      action remain unknown. Astrocytes also exhibit sexual dimorphisms, and their role
      in mediating neuronal morphology is becoming increasingly evident. Using Golgi
      Cox impregnation to examine neuronal morphology and glial fibrillary acidic
      protein immunoreactivity (GFAP-IR) to characterize astrocytic morphology, we
      compared structural differences in dendrites and astrocytes from the ARC and VMN
      in postnatal day 2 rat pups from four hormonally different groups. Consistent
      with previous observations, testosterone exposure induced a rapid and dramatic
      stellation response in ARC astrocytes. Coincident with this change in astrocytic
      morphology was a 37% reduction in the density of dendritic spines on ARC neurons.
      In contrast, astrocytes in the VMN were poorly differentiated and did not respond
      to testosterone exposure, nor were there any changes in neuronal dendrite spine
      density. However, VMN neurons exposed to testosterone had almost double the
      number of branches compared with that in controls. These data suggest that the
      degree of maturation and the differentiation of hypothalamic astrocytes in vivo
      are correlated with the ability of neurons to sprout branches or spines in
      response to steroid hormones and may underlie regionally specific differences in
      synaptic patterning.

PMID- 9952423
TI  - Active motor neurons potentiate their own sensory inputs via glutamate-induced
      long-term potentiation.
AB  - Adaptive motor control is based mainly on the processing and integration of
      proprioceptive feedback information. In crayfish walking leg, many of these
      operations are performed directly by the motor neurons (MNs), which are connected
      monosynaptically by sensory afferents (CBTs) originating from a chordotonal organ
      that encodes vertical limb movements. An in vitro preparation of the crayfish CNS
      was used to investigate a new control mechanism exerted directly by motor neurons
      on the sensory inputs themselves. Paired intracellular recordings demonstrated
      that, in the absence of any presynaptic sensory firing, the spiking activity of a
      leg MN is able long-lastingly to enhance the efficacy of the CBT-MN synapses.
      Moreover, this effect is specific to the activated MN because no changes were
      induced at the afferent synapses of a neighboring silent MN. We report evidence
      that long-term potentiation (LTP) of the monosynaptic EPSP involves a retrograde
      system of glutamate transmission from the postsynaptic MN, which induces the
      activation of a metabotropic glutamate receptor located presynaptically on the
      CBTs. We demonstrate that LTP at crayfish sensory-motor synapses results
      exclusively from the long-lasting enhancement of release of acetylcholine from
      presynaptic sensory afferent terminals, without inducing any modifications in
      postsynaptic MN properties. Our data indicate that this positive feedback control
      represents a functional mechanism that may play a key role in the auto
      organization of sensory-motor networks.

PMID- 9952424
TI  - Dopamine quinone formation and protein modification associated with the striatal
      neurotoxicity of methamphetamine: evidence against a role for extracellular
      dopamine.
AB  - Methamphetamine-induced toxicity has been shown to require striatal dopamine and
      to involve mechanisms associated with oxidative stress. Dopamine is a reactive
      molecule that can oxidize to form free radicals and reactive quinones. Although
      this has been suggested to contribute to the mechanism of toxicity, the oxidation
      of dopamine has never been directly measured after methamphetamine exposure. In
      this study we sought to determine whether methamphetamine-induced toxicity is
      associated with the oxidation of dopamine by measuring the binding of dopamine
      quinones to cysteinyl residues on protein. We observed that administration of
      neurotoxic doses of methamphetamine to rats resulted in a two- to threefold
      increase in protein cysteinyl-dopamine in the striatum 2, 4, and 8 hr after
      treatment. When methamphetamine was administered at an ambient temperature of 5
      degreesC, no increase in dopamine oxidation products was observed, and toxicity
      was prevented. Furthermore, as shown by striatal microdialysis, animals treated
      with methamphetamine at 5 degreesC showed DA release identical to that of animals
      treated at room temperature. These data suggest that the toxicity of
      methamphetamine and the associated increase in dopamine oxidation are not
      exclusively the result of increases in extracellular dopamine. Because dopamine
      induced modifications of protein structure and function may result in cellular
      toxicity, it is likely that dopamine oxidation contributes to methamphetamine
      induced toxicity to dopamine terminals, adding support to the role of dopamine
      and the evidence of oxidative stress in this lesion model.

PMID- 9952425
TI  - Effects of ibotenate hippocampal and extrahippocampal destruction on delayed
      match and -nonmatch-to-sample behavior in rats.
AB  - The effects of ibotenate lesions of the hippocampus (HIPP) or hippocampus plus
      collateral damage to extrahippocampal structures (HCX) were investigated in rats
      trained to criterion on spatial versions of either a delayed-match (DMS) or
      delayed-nonmatch-to-sample (DNMS) task. After recovery from surgery, animals were
      retrained at "0" sec delays, then assessed at 0-30 sec delays for 15 d, retrained
      again at 0 sec delays, and retested for another 25 d on 0-30 sec delays.
      Pretrained HIPP-lesioned animals showed marked delay-dependent deficits in both
      tasks that never recovered. Detailed examination of within- and between-trial
      performance factors, including changes in response preferences, length of
      previous trial delay, and sequential dependencies, revealed important factors
      operating in lesioned animals that were either absent or insignificant before the
      lesion. Pretrained HCX-lesioned animals showed deficits similar to those of HIPP
      animals, with the noticeable exception of a strong "recency" influence of the
      previous trial. Another group of HIPP- and HCX-lesioned animals trained on the
      tasks after the lesion showed reduced impairments of the type described above,
      suggesting that extrahippocampal structures trained after the lesion can assume
      the role of the hippocampus to some degree. The findings indicate that both the
      type of lesion and the previous history of the animal determine the postlesion
      DMS and DNMS performance of animals suffering damage to the hippocampus and/or
      related structures.

PMID- 9952426
TI  - Neural coding of sound frequency by cricket auditory receptors.
AB  - Crickets provide a useful model to study neural processing of sound frequency.
      Sound frequency is one parameter that crickets use to discriminate between
      conspecific signals and sounds made by predators, yet little is known about how
      frequency is represented at the level of auditory receptors. In this paper, we
      study the physiological properties of auditory receptor fibers (ARFs) by making
      single-unit recordings in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus. Characteristic
      frequencies (CFs) of ARFs are distributed discontinuously throughout the range of
      frequencies that we investigated (2-40 kHz) and appear to be clustered around
      three frequency ranges (</=5.5, 10-12, and >/=18 kHz). A striking characteristic
      of cricket ARFs is the occurrence of additional sensitivity peaks at frequencies
      other than CFs. These additional sensitivity peaks allow crickets to detect sound
      over a wide frequency range, although the CFs of ARFs cover only the frequency
      bands mentioned above. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of
      the extension of an animal's hearing range through multiple sensitivity peaks of
      auditory receptors.

PMID- 9952427
TI  - Interleukin-1 mediates a rapid inflammatory response after injection of
      adenoviral vectors into the brain.
AB  - Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into the brain is associated with significant
      inflammation and activation of anti-vector and anti-transgene immune responses
      that curtail the gene delivery of adenoviruses and therapeutic efficacy.
      Elucidating the molecular mediators of inflammatory and immune responses to
      adenoviruses injected into the brain should allow us to inhibit their
      inflammatory actions, thereby reducing vector clearance and enhance adenoviral
      mediated gene transfer into the CNS. Cytokines are primary mediators of the
      immune response and are released during inflammation. Here we report for the
      first time that injection of replication-deficient adenovirus vectors into the
      cerebral ventricles of rats causes a rapid increase in body temperature. This
      fever response precedes any vector-encoded transgene expression and occurs with
      vectors encoding no transgene, as well as with vectors encoding a therapeutic
      transgene i.e., HSV1-thymidine kinase. No fever is detected after infection of
      the striatum, an important brain target in studies on neurodegeneration. After
      infection of the brain ventricles, CSF levels of immunoreactive tumor necrosis
      factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta increase significantly (up to 300
      fold). In the hypothalamus, the locus of thermoregulation in the brain, only IL
      1beta and IL-6 are significantly elevated. A neutralizing TNF-alpha antibody has
      no effect on adenovirus-induced fever. However, pretreatment with either the IL-1
      receptor antagonist or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor flurbiprofen completely
      abolishes adenovirus-induced fever, suggesting that IL-1 and prostaglandins are
      direct mediators of this response. These results are the first to demonstrate
      that IL-1, but not TNF-alpha, is the main mediator of a very early inflammatory
      response to adenovirus in the brain.

PMID- 9952428
TI  - Optokinetic and vestibular stimulation determines the spatial orientation of
      negative optokinetic afternystagmus in the rabbit.
AB  - Prolonged binocular optokinetic stimulation (OKS) in the rabbit induces a high
      velocity negative optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN II) that persists for several
      hours. We have taken advantage of this uniform nystagmus to study how changes in
      static head orientation in the pitch plane might influence the orientation of the
      nystagmus. After horizontal OKS, the rotation axis of the OKAN II remained almost
      constant in space as it was kept aligned with the gravity vector when the head
      was pitched by as much as 80 degrees up and 35 degrees down. Moreover, during
      reorientation, slow-phase eye velocity decreased according to the head pitch
      angle. Thereafter, we analyzed the space orientation of OKAN II after optokinetic
      stimulation during which the head and/or the OKS were pitched upward and
      downward. The rotation axis of OKAN II did not remain aligned with an earth
      vertical axis nor a head vertical axis, but it tended to be aligned with that of
      the OKS respace. The slow-phase eye velocity of OKAN II was also affected by the
      head pitch angle during OKS, because maximal OKAN II velocity occurred at the
      same head pitch angle as that during optokinetic stimulation. We suggest that
      OKAN II is coded in gravity-centered rather than in head-centered coordinates,
      but that this coordinate system may be influenced by optokinetic and vestibular
      stimulation. Moreover, the velocity attenuation of OKAN II seems to depend on the
      mismatch between the space-centered nystagmus rotation axis orientation and that
      of the "remembered" head-centered optokinetic pathway activated by OKS.

PMID- 9952429
TI  - Responses to the sensory properties of fat of neurons in the primate
      orbitofrontal cortex.
AB  - The primate orbitofrontal cortex is a site of convergence of information from
      primary taste, olfactory, and somatosensory cortical areas. We describe the
      responses of a population of single neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex that
      responds to fat in the mouth. The neurons respond, when fatty foods are being
      eaten, to pure fat such as glyceryl trioleate and also to substances with a
      similar texture but different chemical composition such as paraffin oil
      (hydrocarbon) and silicone oil [Si(CH3)2O)n]. This is evidence that the neurons
      respond to the oral texture of fat, sensed by the somatosensory system. Some of
      the population of neurons respond unimodally to the texture of fat. Other single
      neurons show convergence of taste inputs, and others of olfactory inputs, onto
      single neurons that respond to fat. For example, neurons were found that
      responded to the mouth feel of fat and the taste of monosodium glutamate (both
      found in milk), or to the mouth feel of fat and to odor. Feeding to satiety
      reduces the responses of these neurons to the fatty food eaten, but the neurons
      still respond to some other foods that have not been fed to satiety. Thus sensory
      specific satiety for fat is represented in the responses of single neurons in the
      primate orbitofrontal cortex. Fat is an important constituent of food that
      affects its palatability and nutritional effects. The findings described provide
      evidence that the reward value (or pleasantness) of the mouth feel of fat is
      represented in the primate orbitofrontal cortex and that the representation is
      relevant to appetite.

PMID- 9952430
TI  - Genetic analysis of gibberellin biosynthesis.

PMID- 9952431
TI  - Are homeobox knotted-like genes and cytokinins the leaf architects? 

PMID- 9952432
TI  - Tracheary element differentiation uses a novel mechanism coordinating programmed
      cell death and secondary cell wall synthesis 
AB  - Tracheary element differentiation requires strict coordination of secondary cell
      wall synthesis and programmed cell death (PCD) to produce a functional cell
      corpse. The execution of cell death involves an influx of Ca2+ into the cell and
      is manifested by rapid collapse of the large hydrolytic vacuole and cessation of
      cytoplasmic streaming. This precise means of effecting cell death is a
      prerequisite for postmortem developmental events, including autolysis and
      chromatin degradation. A 40-kD serine protease is secreted during secondary cell
      wall synthesis, which may be the coordinating factor between secondary cell wall
      synthesis and PCD. Specific proteolysis of the extracellular matrix is necessary
      and sufficient to trigger Ca2+ influx, vacuole collapse, cell death, and
      chromatin degradation, suggesting that extracellular proteolysis plays a key
      regulatory role during PCD. We propose a model in which secondary cell wall
      synthesis and cell death are coordinated by the concomitant secretion of the 40
      kD protease and secondary cell wall precursors. Subsequent cell death is
      triggered by a critical activity of protease or the arrival of substrate signal
      precursor corresponding with the completion of a functional secondary cell wall.

PMID- 9952434
TI  - The site of oxygen limitation in soybean nodules 
AB  - In legume nodules the [O2] in the infected cells limits respiration and
      nitrogenase activity, becoming more severe if nodules are exposed to subambient
      O2 levels. To identify the site of O2 limitation, adenylate pools were measured
      in soybean (Glycine max) nodules that were frozen in liquid N2 before being
      ground, lyophilized, sonicated, and separated on density gradients of nonaqueous
      solvents (heptane/tetrachloroethylene) to yield fractions enriched in bacteroid
      or plant components. In nodules maintained in air, the adenylate energy charge
      (AEC = [ATP + 0.5 ADP]/[ATP + ADP + AMP]) was lower in the plant compartment
      (0.65 +/- 0.04) than in the bacteroids (0.76 +/- 0.095), but did not change when
      the nodulated root system was exposed to 10% O2. In contrast, 10% O2 decreased
      the bacteroid AEC to 0.56 +/- 0.06, leading to the conclusion that they are the
      primary site of O2 limitation in nodules. To account for the low but unchanged
      AEC in the plant compartment and for the evidence that mitochondria are localized
      in O2-enriched microenvironments adjacent to intercellular spaces, we propose
      that steep adenylate gradients may exist between the site of ATP synthesis (and
      ADP use) in the mitochondria and the extra-mitochondrial sites of ATP use (and
      ADP production) throughout the large, infected cells.

PMID- 9952433
TI  - Structure, properties, and tissue localization of apoplastic alpha-glucosidase in
      crucifers.
AB  - Apoplastic alpha-glucosidases occur widely in plants but their function is
      unknown because appropriate substrates in the apoplast have not been identified.
      Arabidopsis contains at least three alpha-glucosidase genes; Aglu-1 and Aglu-3
      are sequenced and Aglu-2 is known from six expressed sequence tags. Antibodies
      raised to a portion of Aglu-1 expressed in Escherichia coli recognize two
      proteins of 96 and 81 kD, respectively, in vegetative tissues of Arabidopsis,
      broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.), and mustard (Brassica napus L.). The acidic
      alpha-glucosidase activity from broccoli flower buds was purified using
      concanavalin A and ion-exchange chromatography. Two active fractions were
      resolved and both contained a 96-kD immunoreactive polypeptide. The N-terminal
      sequence from the 96-kD broccoli alpha-glucosidase indicated that it corresponds
      to the Arabidopsis Aglu-2 gene and that approximately 15 kD of the predicted N
      terminus was cleaved. The 81-kD protein was more abundant than the 96-kD protein,
      but it was not active with 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as the
      substrate and it did not bind to concanavalin A. In situ activity staining using
      5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside revealed that the acidic alpha
      glucosidase activity is predominantly located in the outer cortex of broccoli
      stems and in vascular tissue, especially in leaf traces.

PMID- 9952436
TI  - Cell-specific production and antimicrobial activity of naphthoquinones in roots
      of lithospermum erythrorhizon 
AB  - Pigmented naphthoquinone derivatives of shikonin are produced at specific times
      and in specific cells of Lithospermum erythrorhizon roots. Normal pigment
      development is limited to root hairs and root border cells in hairy roots grown
      on "noninducing" medium, whereas induction of additional pigment production by
      abiotic (CuSO4) or biotic (fungal elicitor) factors increases the amount of total
      pigment, changes the ratios of derivatives produced, and initiates production of
      pigment de novo in epidermal cells. When the biological activity of these
      compounds was tested against soil-borne bacteria and fungi, a wide range of
      sensitivity was recorded. Acetyl-shikonin and beta-hydroxyisovaleryl-shikonin,
      the two most abundant derivatives in both Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed
      "hairy-root" cultures and greenhouse-grown plant roots, were the most
      biologically active of the seven compounds tested. Hyphae of the pathogenic fungi
      Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum, and Nectria hematococca induced
      localized pigment production upon contact with the roots. Challenge by R. solani
      crude elicitor increased shikonin derivative production 30-fold. We have studied
      the regulation of this suite of related, differentially produced, differentially
      active compounds to understand their role(s) in plant defense at the cellular
      level in the rhizosphere.

PMID- 9952435
TI  - Quantitative intercellular localization of NADH-dependent glutamate synthase
      protein in different types of root cells in rice plants 
AB  - The quantitative analysis with immunogold-electron microscopy using a single
      affinity-purified anti-NADH-glutamate synthase (GOGAT) immunoglobulin G (IgG) as
      the primary antibody showed that the NADH-GOGAT protein was present in various
      forms of plastids in the cells of the epidermis and exodermis, in the cortex
      parenchyma, and in the vascular parenchyma of root tips (<10 mm) of rice (Oryza
      sativa) seedlings supplied with 1 mM NH4+ for 24 h. The values of the mean
      immunolabeling density of plastids were almost equal among these different cell
      types in the roots. However, the number of plastids per individual cell type was
      not identical, and some parts of the cells in the epidermis and exodermis
      contained large numbers of plastids that were heavily immunolabeled. Although
      there was an indication of labeling in the mitochondria using the single-affinity
      purified anti-NADH-GOGAT IgG, this was not confirmed when a twice-affinity
      purified IgG was used, indicating an exclusively plastidial location of the NADH
      GOGAT protein in rice roots. These results, together with previous work from our
      laboratory (K. Ishiyama, T. Hayakawa, and T. Yamaya [1998] Planta 204: 288-294),
      suggest that the assimilation of exogeneously supplied NH4+ ions is primarily via
      the cytosolic glutamine synthetase/plastidial NADH-GOGAT cycle in specific
      regions of the epidermis and exodermis in rice roots. We also discuss the role of
      the NADH-GOGAT protein in vascular parenchyma cells.

PMID- 9952437
TI  - Blue light and abscisic acid independently induce heterophyllous switch in
      marsilea quadrifolia 
AB  - In natural habitats Marsilea quadrifolia L. produces different types of leaves
      above and below the water level. In aseptic cultures growth conditions can be
      manipulated so that leaves of the submerged type are produced continuously. Under
      such conditions the application of either blue light or an optimal concentration
      of abscisic acid (ABA) induced the development of aerial-type leaves. When
      fluridone, an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis, was added to the culture medium it
      did not prevent blue light induction of aerial leaf development. During blue
      light treatment the endogenous ABA level in M. quadrifolia leaves remained
      unchanged. However, after the plants were transferred to an enriched medium, the
      ABA level gradually increased, corresponding to a transition in development from
      the submerged type of leaves to aerial leaves. These results indicate that the
      blue light signal is not mediated by ABA. Therefore, in the regulation of
      heterophyllous determination, discrete pathways exist in response to
      environmental signals.

PMID- 9952438
TI  - Change in apoplastic aluminum during the initial growth response to aluminum by
      roots of a tolerant maize variety 
AB  - Root elongation, hematoxylin staining, and changes in the ultrastructure of root
      tip cells of an Al-tolerant maize variety (Zea mays L. C 525 M) exposed to
      nutrient solutions with 20 &mgr;M Al (2.1 &mgr;M Al3+ activity) for 0, 4, and 24
      h were investigated in relation to the subcellular distribution of Al using
      scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray
      microanalysis on samples fixed by different methods. Inhibition of root
      elongation rates, hematoxylin staining, cell wall thickening, and disturbance of
      the distribution of pyroantimoniate-stainable cations, mainly Ca, was observed
      only after 4 and not after 24 h of exposure to Al. The occurrence of these
      transient, toxic Al effects on root elongation and in cell walls was accompanied
      by the presence of solid Al-P deposits in the walls. Whereas no Al was detectable
      in cell walls after 24 h, an increase of vacuolar Al was observed after 4 h of
      exposure. After 24 h, a higher amount of electron-dense deposits containing Al
      and P or Si was observed in the vacuoles. These results indicate that in this
      tropical maize variety, tolerance mechanisms that cause a change in apoplastic Al
      must be active. Our data support the hypothesis that in Al-tolerant plants, Al
      can rapidly cross the plasma membrane; these data clearly contradict the former
      conclusions that Al mainly accumulates in the apoplast and enters the symplast
      only after severe cell damage has occurred.

PMID- 9952439
TI  - Glycolytic flux is adjusted to nitrogenase activity in nodules of detopped and
      argon-treated alfalfa plants 
AB  - To investigate the short-term (30-240 min) interactions among nitrogenase
      activity, NH4+ assimilation, and plant glycolysis, we measured the concentrations
      of selected C and N metabolites in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) root nodules
      after detopping and during continuous exposure of the nodulated roots to Ar:O2
      (80:20, v/v). Both treatments caused an increase in the ratios of glucose-6
      phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6
      bisphosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate, and PEP to malate. This
      suggested that glycolytic flux was inhibited at the steps catalyzed by
      phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, and PEP carboxylase. In the Ar:O2-treated
      plants the apparent inhibition of glycolytic flux was reversible, whereas in the
      detopped plants it was not. In both groups of plants the apparent inhibition of
      glycolytic flux was delayed relative to the decline in nitrogenase activity. The
      decline in nitrogenase activity was followed by a dramatic increase in the
      nodular glutamate to glutamine ratio. In the detopped plants this was coincident
      with the apparent inhibition of glycolytic flux, whereas in the Ar:O2-treated
      plants it preceded the apparent inhibition of glycolytic flux. We propose that
      the increase in the nodular glutamate to glutamine ratio, which occurs as a
      result of the decline in nitrogenase activity, may act as a signal to decrease
      plant glycolytic flux in legume root nodules.

PMID- 9952440
TI  - In vitro biosynthesis of phosphorylated starch in intact potato amyloplasts 
AB  - Intact amyloplasts from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were used to study starch
      biosynthesis and phosphorylation. Assessed by the degree of intactness and by the
      level of cytosolic and vacuolar contamination, the best preparations were
      selected by searching for amyloplasts containing small starch grains. The
      isolated, small amyloplasts were 80% intact and were free from cytosolic and
      vacuolar contamination. Biosynthetic studies of the amyloplasts showed that [1
      14C]glucose-6-phosphate (Glc-6-P) was an efficient precursor for starch synthesis
      in a manner highly dependent on amyloplast integrity. Starch biosynthesis from [1
      14C]Glc-1-P in small, intact amyloplasts was 5-fold lower and largely independent
      of amyloplast intactness. When [33P]Glc-6-P was administered to the amyloplasts,
      radiophosphorylated starch was produced. Isoamylase treatment of the starch
      followed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed
      amperometric detection revealed the separated phosphorylated alpha-glucans. Acid
      hydrolysis of the phosphorylated alpha-glucans and high-performance anion
      exchange chromatography analyses showed that the incorporated phosphate was
      preferentially positioned at C-6 of the Glc moiety. The incorporation of
      radiolabel from Glc-1-P into starch in preparations of amyloplasts containing
      large grains was independent of intactness and most likely catalyzed by starch
      phosphorylase bound to naked starch grains.

PMID- 9952441
TI  - The Arabidopsis CBF gene family is composed of three genes encoding AP2 domain
      containing proteins whose expression Is regulated by low temperature but not by
      abscisic acid or dehydration.
AB  - We have identified two genes from Arabidopsis that show high similarity with
      CBF1, a gene encoding an AP2 domain-containing transcriptional activator that
      binds to the low-temperature-responsive element CCGAC and induces the expression
      of some cold-regulated genes, increasing plant freezing tolerance. These two
      genes, which we have named CBF2 and CBF3, also encode proteins containing AP2 DNA
      binding motifs. Furthermore, like CBF1, CBF2 and CBF3 proteins also include
      putative nuclear-localization signals and potential acidic activation domains.
      The CBF2 and CBF3 genes are linked to CBF1, constituting a cluster on the bottom
      arm of chromosome IV. The high level of similarity among the three CBF genes,
      their tandem organization, and the fact that they have the same transcriptional
      orientation all suggest a common origin. CBF1, CBF2, and CBF3 show identical
      expression patterns, being induced very rapidly by low-temperature treatment.
      However, in contrast to most of the cold-induced plant genes characterized, they
      are not responsive to abscisic acid or dehydration. Taken together, all of these
      data suggest that CBF2 and CBF3 may function as transcriptional activators,
      controlling the level of low-temperature gene expression and promoting freezing
      tolerance through an abscisic acid-independent pathway.

PMID- 9952442
TI  - Cloning of nicotianamine synthase genes, novel genes involved in the biosynthesis
      of phytosiderophores.
AB  - Nicotianamine synthase (NAS), the key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for the
      mugineic acid family of phytosiderophores, catalyzes the trimerization of S
      adenosylmethionine to form one molecule of nicotianamine. We purified NAS protein
      and isolated the genes nas1, nas2, nas3, nas4, nas5-1, nas5-2, and nas6, which
      encode NAS and NAS-like proteins from Fe-deficient barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv
      Ehimehadaka no. 1) roots. Escherichia coli expressing nas1 showed NAS activity,
      confirming that this gene encodes a functional NAS. Expression of nas genes as
      determined by northern-blot analysis was induced by Fe deficiency and was root
      specific. The NAS genes form a multigene family in the barley and rice genomes.

PMID- 9952443
TI  - Complementary DNA cloning and characterization of ferredoxin localized in bundle
      sheath cells of maize leaves.
AB  - In maize (Zea mays L.) two leaf-specific ferredoxin (Fd) isoproteins, Fd I and Fd
      II, are distributed differentially in mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells. A novel
      cDNA encoding the precursor of Fd II (pFD2) was isolated by heterologous
      hybridization using a cDNA for Fd I (pFD1) as a probe. The assignment of the
      cDNAs to the Fds was verified by capillary liquid-chromatography/electrospray
      ionization-mass spectrometry. RNA-blot analysis demonstrated that transcripts for
      Fd I and Fd II accumulated specifically in mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells,
      respectively. The mature regions of pFD1 and pFD2 were expressed in Escherichia
      coli as functional Fds. Fd I and Fd II had similar redox potentials of -423 and 
      406 mV, respectively, but the Km value of Fd-NADP+ reductase for Fd II was about
      3-fold larger than that for Fd I. Asparagine at position 65 of Fd II is a unique
      residue compared with Fd I and other Fds from various plants, which have aspartic
      acid or glutamic acid at the corresponding position as an electrostatic
      interaction site with Fd-NADP+ reductase. Substitution of asparagine-65 with
      aspartic acid increased the affinity of Fd II with Fd-NADP+ reductase to a level
      comparable to that of Fd I. These structural and functional differences of Fd I
      and Fd II may be related to their cell-specific expression in the leaves of a C4
      plant.

PMID- 9952444
TI  - Purification of the trehalase GMTRE1 from soybean nodules and cloning of its
      cDNA. GMTRE1 is expressed at a low level in multiple tissues.
AB  - Trehalose (alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-1,1-alpha-D-glucopyranoside), a disaccharide
      widespread among microbes and lower invertebrates, is generally believed to be
      nonexistent in higher plants. However, the recent discovery of Arabidopsis genes
      whose products are involved in trehalose synthesis has renewed interest in the
      possibility of a function of trehalose in higher plants. We previously showed
      that trehalase, the enzyme that degrades trehalose, is present in nodules of
      soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), and we characterized the enzyme as an
      apoplastic glycoprotein. Here we describe the purification of this trehalase to
      homogeneity and the cloning of a full-length cDNA encoding this enzyme, named
      GMTRE1 (G. max trehalase 1). The amino acid sequence derived from the open
      reading frame of GMTRE1 shows strong homology to known trehalases from bacteria,
      fungi, and animals. GMTRE1 is a single-copy gene and is expressed at a low but
      constant level in many tissues.

PMID- 9952446
TI  - Arabidopsis ent-kaurene oxidase catalyzes three steps of gibberellin
      biosynthesis.
AB  - The Arabidopsis GA3 cDNA was expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and
      the ability of the transformed yeast cells to metabolize ent-kaurene was tested.
      We show by full-scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry that the transformed
      cells produce ent-kaurenoic acid, and demonstrate that the single enzyme GA3 (ent
      kaurene oxidase) catalyzes the three steps of gibberellin biosynthesis from ent
      kaurene to ent-kaurenoic acid.

PMID- 9952447
TI  - Evidence for a slow-turnover form of the Ca2+-independent phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxylase kinase in the aleurone-endosperm tissue of germinating barley seeds 
AB  - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity was detected in aleurone
      endosperm extracts of barley (Hordeum vulgare) seeds during germination, and
      specific anti-sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) C4 PEPC polyclonal antibodies
      immunodecorated constitutive 103-kD and inducible 108-kD PEPC polypeptides in
      western analysis. The 103- and 108-kD polypeptides were radiolabeled in situ
      after imbibition for up to 1.5 d in 32P-labeled inorganic phosphate. In vitro
      phosphorylation by a Ca2+-independent PEPC protein kinase (PK) in crude extracts
      enhanced the enzyme's velocity and decreased its sensitivity to L-malate at
      suboptimal pH and [PEP]. Isolated aleurone cell protoplasts contained both
      phosphorylated PEPC and a Ca2+-independent PEPC-PK that was partially purified by
      affinity chromatography on blue dextran-agarose. This PK activity was present in
      dry seeds, and PEPC phosphorylation in situ during imbibition was not affected by
      the cytosolic protein-synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, by weak acids, or by
      various pharmacological reagents that had proven to be effective blockers of the
      light signal transduction chain and PEPC phosphorylation in C4 mesophyll
      protoplasts. These collective data support the hypothesis that this Ca2+
      independent PEPC-PK was formed during maturation of barley seeds and that its
      presumed underlying signaling elements were no longer operative during
      germination.

PMID- 9952445
TI  - Organellar and cytosolic localization of four phosphoribosyl diphosphate synthase
      isozymes in spinach.
AB  - Four cDNAs encoding phosphoribosyl diphosphate (PRPP) synthase were isolated from
      a spinach (Spinacia oleracea) cDNA library by complementation of an Escherichia
      coli Deltaprs mutation. The four gene products produced PRPP in vitro from ATP
      and ribose-5-phosphate. Two of the enzymes (isozymes 1 and 2) required inorganic
      phosphate for activity, whereas the others were phosphate independent. PRPP
      synthase isozymes 2 and 3 contained 76 and 87 amino acid extensions,
      respectively, at their N-terminal ends in comparison with other PRPP synthases.
      Isozyme 2 was synthesized in vitro and shown to be imported and processed by pea
      (Pisum sativum) chloroplasts. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that isozyme
      3 may be transported to mitochondria and that isozyme 4 may be located in the
      cytosol. The deduced amino acid sequences of isozymes 1 and 2 and isozymes 3 and
      4 were 88% and 75% identical, respectively. In contrast, the amino acid
      identities of PRPP synthase isozyme 1 or 2 with 3 or 4 was modest (22%-25%), but
      the sequence motifs for binding of PRPP and divalent cation-nucleotide were
      identified in all four sequences. The results indicate that PRPP synthase
      isozymes 3 and 4 belong to a new class of PRPP synthases that may be specific to
      plants.

PMID- 9952449
TI  - The xanthophyll cycle modulates the kinetics of nonphotochemical energy
      dissipation in isolated light-harvesting complexes, intact chloroplasts, and
      leaves of spinach 
AB  - We analyzed the kinetics of nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll
      fluorescence (qN) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves, chloroplasts, and
      purified light-harvesting complexes. The characteristic biphasic pattern of
      fluorescence quenching in dark-adapted leaves, which was removed by
      preillumination, was evidence of light activation of qN, a process correlated
      with the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids. Chloroplasts
      isolated from dark-adapted and light-activated leaves confirmed the nature of
      light activation: faster and greater quenching at a subsaturating transthylakoid
      pH gradient. The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding complexes of
      photosystem II were isolated from dark-adapted and light-activated leaves. When
      isolated from light-activated leaves, these complexes showed an increase in the
      rate of quenching in vitro compared with samples prepared from dark-adapted
      leaves. In all cases, the quenching kinetics were fitted to a single component
      hyperbolic function. For leaves, chloroplasts, and light-harvesting complexes,
      the presence of zeaxanthin was associated with an increased rate constant for the
      induction of quenching. We discuss the significance of these observations in
      terms of the mechanism and control of qN.

PMID- 9952448
TI  - Two Arabidopsis mutants that overproduce ethylene are affected in the
      posttranscriptional regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase.
AB  - The Arabidopsis mutants eto1 (ethylene overproducer) and eto3 produce elevated
      levels of ethylene as etiolated seedlings. Ethylene production in these seedlings
      peaks at 60 to 96 h, and then declines back to almost wild-type levels. Ethylene
      overproduction in eto1 and eto3 is limited mainly to etiolated seedlings; light
      grown seedlings and various adult tissues produce close to wild-type amounts of
      ethylene. Several compounds that induce ethylene biosynthesis in wild-type,
      etiolated seedlings through distinct 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)
      synthase (ACS) isoforms were found to act synergistically with eto1 and eto3, as
      did the ethylene-insensitive mutation etr1 (ethylene resistant), which blocks
      feedback inhibition of biosynthesis. ACS activity, the rate-limiting step of
      ethylene biosynthesis, was highly elevated in both eto1 and eto3 mutant
      seedlings, even though RNA gel-blot analysis demonstrated that the steady-state
      level of ACS mRNA was not increased, including that of a novel Arabidopsis ACS
      gene that was identified. Measurements of the conversion of ACC to ethylene by
      intact seedlings indicated that the mutations did not affect conjugation of ACC
      or the activity of ACC oxidase, the final step of ethylene biosynthesis. Taken
      together, these data suggest that the eto1 and eto3 mutations elevate ethylene
      biosynthesis by affecting the posttranscriptional regulation of ACS.

PMID- 9952450
TI  - Apyrase functions in plant phosphate nutrition and mobilizes phosphate from
      extracellular ATP.
AB  - ATP, which is present in the extracellular matrix of multicellular organisms and
      in the extracellular fluid of unicellular organisms, has been shown to function
      as a signaling molecule in animals. The concentration of extracellular ATP (xATP)
      is known to be functionally modulated in part by ectoapyrases, membrane
      associated proteins that cleave the gamma- and beta-phosphates on xATP. We
      present data showing a previously unreported (to our knowledge) linkage between
      apyrase and phosphate transport. An apyrase from pea (Pisum sativum) complements
      a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) phosphate-transport mutant and significantly
      increases the amount of phosphate taken up by transgenic plants overexpressing
      the gene. The transgenic plants show enhanced growth and augmented phosphate
      transport when the additional phosphate is supplied as inorganic phosphate or as
      ATP. When scavenging phosphate from xATP, apyrase mobilizes the gamma-phosphate
      without promoting the transport of the purine or the ribose.

PMID- 9952451
TI  - Interactions between senescence and leaf orientation determine in situ patterns
      of photosynthesis and photoinhibition in field-grown rice 
AB  - Photosynthesis and photoinhibition in field-grown rice (Oryza sativa L.) were
      examined in relation to leaf age and orientation. Two varieties (IR72 and IR65598
      112-2 [BSI206]) were grown in the field in the Philippines during the dry season
      under highly irrigated, well-fertilized conditions. Flag leaves were examined 60
      and 100 d after transplanting. Because of the upright nature of 60-d-old rice
      leaves, patterns of photosynthesis were determined by solar movements: light
      falling on the exposed surface in the morning, a low incident angle of irradiance
      at midday, and light striking the opposite side of the leaf blade in the
      afternoon. There was an early morning burst of CO2 assimilation and high levels
      of saturation of photosystem II electron transfer as incident irradiance reached
      a maximum level. However, by midday the photochemical efficiency increased again
      almost to maximum. Leaves that were 100 d old possessed a more horizontal
      orientation and were found to suffer greater levels of photoinhibition than
      younger leaves, and this was accompanied by increases in the de-epoxidation state
      of the xanthophyll cycle. Older leaves had significantly lower chlorophyll
      content but only slightly diminished photosynthesis capacity.

PMID- 9952452
TI  - Rhizosphere bacteria enhance selenium accumulation and volatilization by indian
      mustard 
AB  - Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) accumulates high tissue Se concentrations and
      volatilizes Se in relatively nontoxic forms, such as dimethylselenide. This study
      showed that the presence of bacteria in the rhizosphere of Indian mustard was
      necessary to achieve the best rates of plant Se accumulation and volatilization
      of selenate. Experiments with the antibiotic ampicillin showed that bacteria
      facilitated 35% of plant Se volatilization and 70% of plant tissue accumulation.
      These results were confirmed by inoculating axenic plants with rhizosphere
      bacteria. Compared with axenic controls, plants inoculated with rhizosphere
      bacteria had 5-fold higher Se concentrations in roots (the site of
      volatilization) and 4-fold higher rates of Se volatilization. Plants with
      bacteria contained a heat-labile compound in their root exudate; when this
      compound was added to the rhizosphere of axenic plants, Se accumulation in plant
      tissues increased. Plants with bacteria had an increased root surface area
      compared with axenic plants; the increased area was unlikely to have caused their
      increased tissue Se accumulation because they did not accumulate more Se when
      supplied with selenite or selenomethionine. Rhizosphere bacteria also possibly
      increased plant Se volatilization because they enabled plants to overcome a rate
      limiting step in the Se volatilization pathway, i.e. Se accumulation in plant
      tissues.

PMID- 9952454
TI  - Flavonoids promote haustoria formation in the root parasite triphysaria
      versicolor 
AB  - Parasitic plants in the Scrophulariaceae develop infective root structures called
      haustoria in response to chemical signals released from host-plant roots. This
      study used a simple in vitro assay to characterize natural and synthetic
      molecules that induce haustoria in the facultative parasite Triphysaria
      versicolor. Several phenolic acids, flavonoids, and the quinone 2,6-dimethoxy-p
      benzoquinone induced haustoria in T. versicolor root tips within hours after
      treatment. The concentration at which different molecules were active varied
      widely, the most active being 2, 6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone and the anthocyanidin
      peonidin. Maize (Zea mays) seeds are rich sources of molecules that induce T.
      versicolor haustoria in vitro, and chromatographic analyses indicated that the
      active molecules present in maize-seed rinses include anthocyanins, other
      flavonoids, and simple phenolics. The presence of different classes of inducing
      molecules in seed rinses was substantiated by the observation that maize kernels
      deficient in chalcone synthase, a key enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis, released
      haustoria-inducing molecules, although at reduced levels compared with wild-type
      kernels. We discuss these results in light of existing models for host perception
      in the related parasitic plant Striga.

PMID- 9952453
TI  - Red bell pepper chromoplasts exhibit in vitro import competency and membrane
      targeting of passenger proteins from the thylakoidal sec and DeltapH pathways but
      not the chloroplast signal recognition particle pathway.
AB  - Chloroplast to chromoplast development involves new synthesis and plastid
      localization of nuclear-encoded proteins, as well as changes in the organization
      of internal plastid membrane compartments. We have demonstrated that isolated red
      bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) chromoplasts contain the 75-kD component of the
      chloroplast outer envelope translocon (Toc75) and are capable of importing
      chloroplast precursors in an ATP-dependent fashion, indicating a functional
      general import apparatus. The isolated chromoplasts were able to further localize
      the 33- and 17-kD subunits of the photosystem II O2-evolution complex (OE33 and
      OE17, respectively), lumen-targeted precursors that utilize the thylakoidal Sec
      and DeltapH pathways, respectively, to the lumen of an internal membrane
      compartment. Chromoplasts contained the thylakoid Sec component protein, cpSecA,
      at levels comparable to chloroplasts. Routing of OE17 to the lumen was abolished
      by ionophores, suggesting that routing is dependent on a transmembrane DeltapH.
      The chloroplast signal recognition particle pathway precursor major photosystem
      II light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein failed to associate with chromoplast
      membranes and instead accumulated in the stroma following import. The Pftf
      (plastid fusion/translocation factor), a chromoplast protein, integrated into the
      internal membranes of chromoplasts during in vitro assays, and immunoblot
      analysis indicated that endogenous plastid fusion/translocation factor was also
      an integral membrane protein of chromoplasts. These data demonstrate that the
      internal membranes of chromoplasts are functional with respect to protein
      translocation on the thylakoid Sec and DeltapH pathways.

PMID- 9952455
TI  - Expression of a soybean gene encoding the tetrapyrrole-synthesis enzyme glutamyl
      tRNA reductase in symbiotic root nodules.
AB  - Heme and chlorophyll accumulate to high levels in legume root nodules and in
      photosynthetic tissues, respectively, and they are both derived from the
      universal tetrapyrrole precursor delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). The first
      committed step in ALA and tetrapyrrole synthesis is catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA
      reductase (GTR) in plants. A soybean (Glycine max) root-nodule cDNA encoding GTR
      was isolated by complementation of an Escherichia coli GTR-defective mutant for
      restoration of ALA prototrophy. Gtr mRNA was very low in uninfected roots but
      accumulated to high levels in root nodules. The induction of Gtr mRNA in
      developing nodules was subsequent to that of the gene Enod2 (early nodule) and
      coincided with leghemoglobin mRNA accumulation. Genomic analysis revealed two Gtr
      genes, Gtr1 and a 3' portion of Gtr2, which were isolated from the soybean
      genome. RNase-protection analysis using probes specific to Gtr1 and Gtr2 showed
      that both genes were expressed, but Gtr1 mRNA accumulated to significantly higher
      levels. In addition, the qualitative patterns of expression of Gtr1 and Gtr2 were
      similar to each other and to total Gtr mRNA in leaves and nodules of mature
      plants and etiolated plantlets. The data indicate that Gtr1 is universal for
      tetrapyrrole synthesis and that a Gtr gene specific for a tissue or tetrapyrrole
      is unlikely. We suggest that ALA synthesis in specialized root nodules involves
      an altered spatial expression of genes that are otherwise induced strongly only
      in photosynthetic tissues of uninfected plants.

PMID- 9952457
TI  - Water deficit and spatial pattern of leaf development. Variability In responses
      can Be simulated using a simple model of leaf development 
AB  - We analyzed the effect of short-term water deficits at different periods of
      sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) leaf development on the spatial and temporal
      patterns of tissue expansion and epidermal cell division. Six water-deficit
      periods were imposed with similar and constant values of soil water content,
      predawn leaf water potential and [ABA] in the xylem sap, and with negligible
      reduction of the rate of photosynthesis. Water deficit did not affect the
      duration of expansion and division. Regardless of their timing, deficits reduced
      relative expansion rate by 36% and relative cell division rate by 39% (cells
      blocked at the G0-G1 phase) in all positions within the leaf. However, reductions
      in final leaf area and cell number in a given zone of the leaf largely differed
      with the timing of deficit, with a maximum effect for earliest deficits.
      Individual cell area was only affected during the periods when division slowed
      down. These behaviors could be simulated in all leaf zones and for all timings by
      assuming that water deficit affects relative cell division rate and relative
      expansion rate independently, and that leaf development in each zone follows a
      stable three-phase pattern in which duration of each phase is stable if expressed
      in thermal time (C. Granier and F. Tardieu [1998b] Plant Cell Environ 21: 695
      703).

PMID- 9952456
TI  - Mutations affecting induction of glycolytic and fermentative genes during
      germination and environmental stresses in Arabidopsis.
AB  - Expression of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ADH) of Arabidopsis is known to be
      induced by environmental stresses and regulated developmentally. We used a
      negative-selection approach to isolate mutants that were defective in regulating
      the expression of the ADH gene during seed germination; we then characterized
      three recessive mutants, aar1-1, aar1-2, and aar2-1, which belong to two
      complementation groups. In addition to their defects during seed germination,
      mutations in the AAR1 and AAR2 genes also affected anoxic and hypoxic induction
      of ADH and other glycolytic genes in mature plants. The aar1 and aar2 mutants
      were also defective in responding to cold and osmotic stress. The two allelic
      mutants aar1-1and aar1-2 exhibited different phenotypes under cold and osmotic
      stresses. Based on our results we propose that these mutants are defective in a
      late step of the signaling pathways that lead to increased expression of the ADH
      gene and glycolytic genes.

PMID- 9952458
TI  - Purification and characterization of a NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase from
      mung bean that detoxifies eutypine, a toxin from eutypa lata1 
AB  - Eutypine (4-hydroxy-3-[3-methyl-3-butene-1-ynyl] benzaldehyde) is a toxin
      produced by Eutypa lata, the causal agent of eutypa dieback in the grapevine
      (Vitis vinifera). Eutypine is enzymatically converted by numerous plant tissues
      into eutypinol (4-hydroxy-3-[3-methyl-3-butene-1-ynyl] benzyl alcohol), a
      metabolite that is nontoxic to grapevine. We report a four-step procedure for the
      purification to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity of a eutypine-reducing
      enzyme (ERE) from etiolated mung bean (Vigna radiata) hypocotyls. The purified
      protein is a monomer of 36 kD, uses NADPH as a cofactor, and exhibits a Km value
      of 6.3 &mgr;M for eutypine and a high affinity for 3- and 4-nitro-benzaldehyde.
      The enzyme failed to catalyze the reverse reaction using eutypinol as a
      substrate. ERE detoxifies eutypine efficiently over a pH range from 6.2 to 7.5.
      These data strongly suggest that ERE is an aldehyde reductase that could probably
      be classified into the aldo-keto reductase superfamily. We discuss the possible
      role of this enzyme in eutypine detoxification.

PMID- 9952459
TI  - The two major types of plant plasma membrane H+-ATPases show different enzymatic
      properties and confer differential pH sensitivity of yeast growth.
AB  - The proton-pumping ATPase (H+-ATPase) of the plant plasma membrane is encoded by
      two major gene subfamilies. To characterize individual H+-ATPases, PMA2, an H+
      ATPase isoform of tobacco (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia), was expressed in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae and found to functionally replace the yeast H+-ATPase if
      the external pH was kept above 5.0 (A. de Kerchove d'Exaerde, P. Supply, J.P.
      Dufour, P. Bogaerts, D. Thines, A. Goffeau, M. Boutry [1995] J Biol Chem 270:
      23828-23837). In the present study we replaced the yeast H+-ATPase with PMA4, an
      H+-ATPase isoform from the second subfamily. Yeast expressing PMA4 grew at a pH
      as low as 4.0. This was correlated with a higher acidification of the external
      medium and an approximately 50% increase of ATPase activity compared with PMA2.
      Although both PMA2 and PMA4 had a similar pH optimum (6.6-6.8), the profile was
      different on the alkaline side. At pH 7.2 PMA2 kept more than 80% of the maximal
      activity, whereas that of PMA4 decreased to less than 40%. Both enzymes were
      stimulated up to 3-fold by 100 microgram/mL lysophosphatidylcholine, but this
      stimulation vanished at a higher concentration in PMA4. These data demonstrate
      functional differences between two plant H+-ATPases expressed in the same
      heterologous host. Characterization of two PMA4 mutants selected to allow yeast
      growth at pH 3.0 revealed that mutations within the carboxy-terminal region of
      PMA4 could still improve the enzyme, resulting in better growth of yeast cells.

PMID- 9952460
TI  - Molecular cloning and expression analysis of the mitochondrial pyruvate
      dehydrogenase from maize.
AB  - Four cDNAs, one encoding an alpha-subunit and three encoding beta-subunits of the
      mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase, were isolated from maize (Zea mays L.)
      libraries. The deduced amino acid sequences of both alpha- and beta-subunits are
      approximately 80% identical with Arabidopsis and pea (Pisum sativum L.) homologs.
      The mature N terminus was determined for the beta-subunit by microsequencing the
      protein purified from etiolated maize shoot mitochondria and was resolved by two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis. This single isoelectric species comprised
      multiple isoforms. Both alpha- and beta-subunits are encoded by multigene
      families in maize, as determined by Southern-blot analyses. RNA transcripts for
      both alpha- and beta-subunits were more abundant in roots than in young leaves or
      etiolated shoots. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was also higher in roots (5
      fold) compared with etiolated shoots and leaves. Both subunits were present at
      similar levels in all tissues examined, indicating coordinated gene regulation.
      The protein levels were highest in heterotrophic organs and in pollen, which
      contained about 2-fold more protein than any other organ examined. The relative
      abundance of these proteins in nonphotosynthetic tissues may reflect a high
      cellular content of mitochondria, a high level of respiratory activity, or an
      extra plastidial requirement for acetate.

PMID- 9952461
TI  - Curvature induced by amyloplast magnetophoresis in protonemata of the moss
      Ceratodon purpureus.
AB  - After gravistimulation of Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. protonemata in the
      dark, amyloplast sedimentation was followed by upward curvature in the wild-type
      (WT) and downward curvature in the wwr mutant (wrong way response). We used
      ponderomotive forces induced by high-gradient magnetic fields (HGMF) to simulate
      the effect of gravity and displace the presumptive statoliths. The field was
      applied by placing protonemata either between two permanent magnets at the edge
      of the gap, close to the edge of a magnetized ferromagnetic wedge, or close to a
      small (<1 mm) permanent magnet. Continuous application of an HGMF in all three
      configurations resulted in plastid displacement and induced curvature in tip
      cells of WT and wwr protonemata. WT cells curved toward the HGMF, and wwr cells
      curved away from the HGMF, comparable to gravitropism. Plastids isolated from
      protonemal cultures had densities ranging from 1.24 to 1.38 g cm-3. Plastid
      density was similar for both genotypes, but the mutant contained larger plastids
      than the WT. The size difference might explain the stronger response of the wwr
      protonemata to the HGMF. Our data support the plastid-based theory of gravitropic
      sensing and suggest that HGMF-induced ponderomotive forces can substitute for
      gravity.

PMID- 9952462
TI  - Ectopic expression of the maize homeobox gene liguleless3 alters cell fates in
      the leaf.
AB  - The semidominant mutation Liguleless3-O (Lg3-O) causes a blade-to-sheath
      transformation at the midrib region of the maize (Zea mays L.) leaf. We isolated
      a full-length lg3 cDNA containing a knotted1-like family homeobox. Six Lg3-O
      partial revertant alleles caused by insertion of a Mutator (Mu) transposon and
      two deletion derivatives were isolated and used to verify that our knotted1-like
      cDNA corresponds to the LG3 message. In wild-type plants the LG3 mRNA is
      expressed in apical regions but is not expressed in leaves. In mutant plants
      harboring any of three dominant lg3 alleles (Lg3-O, -Mlg, and -347), LG3 mRNA is
      expressed in leaf sheath tissue, indicating that the Lg3 phenotype is due to
      ectopic expression of the gene. The Lg3-O revertant alleles represent two classes
      of Lg3 phenotypes that correlate well with the level of ectopic Lg3 expression.
      High levels of ectopic LG3 mRNA expression results in a severe Lg3 phenotype,
      whereas weak ectopic Lg3 expression results in a mild Lg3 phenotype. We propose
      that ectopic Lg3 expression early in leaf development causes the blade-to-sheath
      transformation, but the level of expression determines the extent of the
      transformation.

PMID- 9952463
TI  - ADP-Dependent phosphorylation regulates association of a DNA-binding complex with
      the barley chloroplast psbD blue-light-responsive promoter.
AB  - The chloroplast gene psbD encodes D2, a chlorophyll-binding protein located in
      the photosystem II reaction center. Transcription of psbD in higher plants
      involves at least three promoters, one of which is regulated by blue light. The
      psbD blue-light-regulated promoter (BLRP) consists of a -10 promoter element and
      an activating complex, AGF, that binds immediately upstream of -35. A second
      sequence-specific DNA-binding complex, PGTF, binds upstream of AGF between -71
      and -100 in the barley (Hordeum vulgare) psbD BLRP. In this study we report that
      ADP-dependent phosphorylation selectively inhibits the binding of PGTF to the
      barley psbD BLRP. ATP at high concentrations (1-5 mM) inhibits PGTF binding, but
      in the presence of phosphocreatine and phosphocreatine kinase, this capacity is
      lost, presumably due to scavenging of ADP. ADP inhibits PGTF binding at
      relatively low concentrations (0.1 mM), whereas other nucleotides are unable to
      mediate this response. ADP-mediated inhibition of PGTF binding is reduced in the
      presence of the protein kinase inhibitor K252a. This and other results suggest
      that ADP-dependent phosphorylation of PGTF (or some associated protein) inhibits
      binding of PGTF to the psbD BLRP and reduces transcription. ADP-dependent
      phosphorylation is expected to increase in darkness in parallel with the rise in
      ADP levels in chloroplasts. ADP-dependent phosphorylation in chloroplasts may,
      therefore, in coordination, inactivate enzymes involved in carbon assimilation,
      protein synthesis, and transcription during diurnal light/dark cycles.

PMID- 9952465
TI  - Regulation of growth anisotropy in well-watered and water-stressed maize roots.
      II. Role Of cortical microtubules and cellulose microfibrils 
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that the degree of anisotropic expansion of plant
      tissues is controlled by the degree of alignment of cortical microtubules or
      cellulose microfibrils. Previously, for the primary root of maize (Zea mays L.),
      we quantified spatial profiles of expansion rate in length, radius, and
      circumference and the degree of growth anisotropy separately for the stele and
      cortex, as roots became thinner with time from germination or in response to low
      water potential (B.M. Liang, A.M. Dennings, R.E. Sharp, T.I. Baskin [1997] Plant
      Physiol 115:101-111). Here, for the same material, we quantified microtubule
      alignment with indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and microfibril alignment
      throughout the cell wall with polarized-light microscopy and from the innermost
      cell wall layer with electron microscopy. Throughout much of the growth zone,
      mean orientations of microtubules and microfibrils were transverse, consistent
      with their parallel alignment specifying the direction of maximal expansion rate
      (i.e. elongation). However, where microtubule alignment became helical,
      microfibrils often made helices of opposite handedness, showing that parallelism
      between these elements was not required for helical orientations. Finally,
      contrary to the hypothesis, the degree of growth anisotropy was not correlated
      with the degree of alignment of either microtubules or microfibrils. The
      mechanisms plants use to specify radial and tangential expansion rates remain
      uncharacterized.

PMID- 9952464
TI  - The interaction between cold and light controls the expression of the cold
      regulated barley gene cor14b and the accumulation of the corresponding protein.
AB  - We report the expression of the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) COR (cold-regulated)
      gene cor14b (formerly pt59) and the accumulation of its chloroplast-localized
      protein product. A polyclonal antibody raised against the cor14b-encoded protein
      detected two chloroplast COR proteins: COR14a and COR14b. N-terminal sequencing
      of COR14a and expression of cor14b in Arabidopsis plants showed that COR14a is
      not encoded by the cor14b sequence, but it shared homology with the wheat
      (Triticum aestivum L.) WCS19 COR protein. The expression of cor14b was strongly
      impaired in the barley albino mutant an, suggesting the involvement of a
      plastidial factor in the control of gene expression. Low-level accumulation of
      COR14b was induced by cold treatment in etiolated plants, although cor14b
      expression and protein accumulation were enhanced after a short light pulse.
      Light quality was a determining factor in regulating gene expression: red or blue
      but not far-red or green light pulses were able to promote COR14b accumulation in
      etiolated plants, suggesting that phytochrome and blue light photoreceptors may
      be involved in the control of cor14b gene expression. Maximum accumulation of
      COR14b was reached only when plants were grown and/or hardened under the standard
      photoperiod. The effect of light on the COR14b stability was demonstrated by
      using transgenic Arabidopsis. These plants constitutively expressed cor14b mRNAs
      regardless of temperature and light conditions; nevertheless, green plants
      accumulated about twice as much COR14b protein as etiolated plants.

PMID- 9952466
TI  - The wheat peptidyl prolyl cis-trans-isomerase FKBP77 is heat induced and
      developmentally regulated.
AB  - We isolated a cDNA encoding a 568-amino acid, heat-stress-induced peptidyl prolyl
      isomerase belonging to the FK506-binding-protein (FKBP) family. The open reading
      frame encodes for a peptidyl prolyl isomerase that possesses three FKBP-12-like
      domains, a putative tetratricopeptide motif, and a calmodulin-binding domain.
      Specific antibodies showed that the open reading frame encodes a heat-induced 77
      kD protein, the wheat FKBP77 (wFKBP77), which exhibits 84% identity with the
      wFKBP73 and 42% identity with the human FKBP59. Because of the high similarity in
      sequence to wFKBP73, wFKBP77 was designated as the heat-induced isoform. The
      wFKBP77 mRNA steady-state level was 14-fold higher at 37 degreesC than at 25
      degreesC. The wFKBP77 transcript abundance was the highest in mature embryos that
      had imbibed and 2-d-old green shoots exposed to 37 degreesC, and decreased to 6%
      in 6-d-old green shoots. The transcript level returned to the level detected at
      25 degreesC after recovery of the embryos for 90 min at 25 degreesC. We compared
      wFKBP73 and wFKBP77 with the heat-shock proteins having cognate and heat-stress
      induced counterparts.

PMID- 9952467
TI  - Purification and cDNA cloning of isochorismate synthase from elicited cell
      cultures of Catharanthus roseus.
AB  - Isochorismate is an important metabolite formed at the end of the shikimate
      pathway, which is involved in the synthesis of both primary and secondary
      metabolites. It is synthesized from chorismate in a reaction catalyzed by the
      enzyme isochorismate synthase (ICS; EC 5.4.99.6). We have purified ICS to
      homogeneity from elicited Catharanthus roseus cell cultures. Two isoforms with an
      apparent molecular mass of 64 kD were purified and characterized. The Km values
      for chorismate were 558 and 319 microM for isoforms I and II, respectively. The
      isoforms were not inhibited by aromatic amino acids and required Mg2+ for enzyme
      activity. Polymerase chain reaction on a cDNA library from elicited C. roseus
      cells with a degenerated primer based on the sequence of an internal peptide from
      isoform II resulted in an amplification product that was used to screen the cDNA
      library. This led to the first isolation, to our knowledge, of a plant ICS cDNA.
      The cDNA encodes a protein of 64 kD with an N-terminal chloroplast-targeting
      signal. The deduced amino acid sequence shares homology with bacterial ICS and
      also with anthranilate synthases from plants. Southern analysis indicates the
      existence of only one ICS gene in C. roseus.

PMID- 9952468
TI  - Use of ubiquitin fusions to augment protein expression in transgenic plants.
AB  - A major goal of plant biotechnology is the production of genetically engineered
      crops that express natural or foreign proteins at high levels. To enhance protein
      accumulation in transgenic plants, we developed a set of vectors that express
      proteins and peptides as C-terminal translational fusions with ubiquitin (UBQ).
      Studies of several proteins in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) showed that: (a)
      proteins can be readily expressed in plants as UBQ fusions; (b) by the action of
      endogenous UBQ-specific proteases (Ubps), these fusions are rapidly and precisely
      processed in vivo to release the fused protein moieties in free forms; (c) the
      synthesis of a protein as a UBQ fusion can significantly augment its
      accumulation; (d) proper processing and localization of a protein targeted to
      either the apoplast or the chloroplast is not affected by the N-terminal UBQ
      sequence; and (e) single amino acid substitutions surrounding the cleavage site
      can inhibit in vivo processing of the fusion by Ubps. Noncleavable UBQ fusions of
      beta-glucuronidase became extensively modified, with additional UBQs in planta.
      Because multiubiquitinated proteins are the preferred substrates of the 26S
      proteasome, noncleavable fusions may be useful for decreasing protein half-life.
      Based on their ability to augment protein accumulation and the sequence
      specificity of Ubps, UBQ fusions offer a versatile way to express plant proteins.

PMID- 9952470
TI  - Manipulation of in vivo sorbitol production alters boron uptake and transport in
      tobacco 
AB  - Recent evidence that some species can retranslocate boron as complexes with sugar
      alcohols in the phloem suggests a possible mechanism for enhancing boron
      efficiency. We investigated the relationship between sugar alcohol (sorbitol)
      content, boron uptake and distribution, and translocation of foliar-applied,
      isotopically enriched 10B in three lines of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants
      differing in sorbitol production. In tobacco line S11, transformed with sorbitol
      6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the production of sorbitol was accompanied by an
      increase in the concentration of boron in plant tissues and an increased uptake
      of boron compared with either tobacco line A4, transformed with antisense
      orientation of sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, or wild-type tobacco (line
      SR1, zero-sorbitol producer). Foliar application of 10B to mature leaves was
      translocated to the meristematic tissues only in line S11. These results
      demonstrate that the concentration of the boron-complexing sugar alcohol in the
      plant tissue has a significant effect on boron uptake and distribution in plants,
      whereas the translocation of the foliar-applied 10B from the mature leaves to the
      meristematic tissues verifies that boron is mobile in sorbitol-producing plants
      (S11) as we reported previously. This suggests that selection or transgenic
      generation of cultivars with an increased sugar alcohol content can result in
      increased boron uptake, with no apparent negative effects on short-term growth.

PMID- 9952469
TI  - Characterization of N-glycans from Arabidopsis. Application to a fucose-deficient
      mutant.
AB  - The structures of glycans N-linked to Arabidopsis proteins have been fully
      identified. From immuno- and affinodetections on blots, chromatography, nuclear
      magnetic resonance, and glycosidase sequencing data, we show that Arabidopsis
      proteins are N-glycosylated by high-mannose-type N-glycans from Man5GlcNAc2 to
      Man9GlcNAc2, and by xylose- and fucose (Fuc)-containing oligosaccharides.
      However, complex biantenary structures containing the terminal Lewis a epitope
      recently reported in the literature (A. -C. Fitchette-Laine, V. Gomord, M.
      Cabanes, J.-C. Michalski, M. Saint Macary, B. Foucher, B. Cavalier, C. Hawes, P.
      Lerouge, and L. Faye [1997] Plant J 12: 1411-1417) were not detected. A similar
      study was done on the Arabidopsis mur1 mutant, which is affected in the
      biosynthesis of L-Fuc. In this mutant, one-third of the Fuc residues of the
      xyloglucan has been reported to be replaced by L-galactose (Gal) (E. Zablackis,
      W.S. York, M. Pauly, S. Hantus, W.D. Reiter, C.C.S. Chapple, P. Albersheim, and
      A. Darvill [1996] Science 272: 1808-1810). N-linked glycans from the mutant were
      identified and their structures were compared with those isolated from the wild
      type plants. In about 95% of all N-linked glycans from the mur1 plant, L-Fuc
      residues were absent and were not replaced by another monosaccharide. However, in
      the remaining 5%, L-Fuc was found to be replaced by a hexose residue. From
      nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry data of the mur1 N-glycans, and
      by analogy with data reported on mur1 xyloglucan, this subpopulation of N-linked
      glycans was proposed to be L-Gal-containing N-glycans resulting from the
      replacement of L-Fuc by L-Gal.

PMID- 9952471
TI  - Changes of mitochondrial properties in maize seedlings associated with selection
      for germination at low temperature. Fatty acid composition, cytochrome c oxidase,
      and adenine nucleotide translocase activities 
AB  - Mitochondria are affected by low temperature during seedling establishment in
      maize (Zea mays L.). We evaluated the associated changes in the mitochondrial
      properties of populations selected for high (C4-H) and low (C4-L) germination
      levels at 9.5 degreesC. When seedlings of the two populations were grown at 14
      degreesC (near the lower growth limit), the mitochondrial inner membranes of C4-H
      showed a higher percentage of 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids, a higher
      fluidity, and a higher activity of cytochrome c oxidase. We found a positive
      relationship between these properties and the activity of a mitochondrial
      peroxidase, allowing C4-H to reduce lipid peroxidation relative to C4-L. The
      specific activity of reconstituted ATP/ADP translocase was positively associated
      with this peroxidase activity, suggesting that translocase activity is also
      affected by chilling. The level of oxidative stress and defense mechanisms are
      differently expressed in tolerant and susceptible populations when seedlings are
      grown at a temperature near the lower growth limit. Thus, the interaction between
      membrane lipids and cytochrome c oxidase seems to play a key role in maize
      chilling tolerance. Furthermore, the divergent-recurrent selection procedure
      apparently affects the allelic frequencies of genes controlling such an
      interaction.

PMID- 9952472
TI  - Differential expression of three members of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
      synthase gene family in carnation 
AB  - We investigated the expression patterns of three 1-aminocyclopropane-1
      carboxylate (ACC) synthase genes in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus cv White
      Sim) under conditions previously shown to induce ethylene biosynthesis. These
      included treatment of flowers with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, ethylene,
      LiCl, cycloheximide, and natural and pollination-induced flower senescence.
      Accumulation of ACC synthase transcripts in leaves following mechanical wounding
      and treatment with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or LiCl was also determined by
      RNA gel-blot analysis. As in other species, the carnation ACC synthase genes were
      found to be differentially regulated in a tissue-specific manner. DCACS2 and
      DCACS3 were preferentially expressed in styles, whereas DCACS1 mRNA was most
      abundant in petals. Cycloheximide did not induce increased accumulation of ACC
      synthase transcripts in carnation flowers, whereas the expression of ACC synthase
      was up-regulated by auxin, ethylene, LiCl, pollination, and senescence in a
      floral-organ-specific manner. Expression of the three ACC synthases identified in
      carnation did not correspond to elevated ethylene biosynthesis from wounded or
      auxin-treated leaves, and there are likely additional members of the carnation
      ACC synthase gene family responsible for ACC synthase expression in vegetative
      tissues.

PMID- 9952473
TI  - Feedback control and diurnal regulation of gibberellin 20-oxidase transcript
      levels in potato.
AB  - Tuber formation in potato (Solanum tuberosum) is promoted by short photoperiods
      and is inhibited by gibberellins (GAs). Endogenous levels of GA1 were shown to
      decrease in stolons and leaves of potato plants induced to tuberize, which
      suggests that photoperiodic regulation of GA biosynthesis may play a role in
      tuber induction. We report the isolation of three potato cDNA clones (StGA20ox1
      3) encoding GA 20-oxidase, a key regulatory enzyme in the GA-biosynthetic
      pathway. Using northern analysis, we detected a differential pattern of tissue
      specific expression of the mRNAs corresponding to these clones. StGA20ox mRNAs
      were also very abundant in leaves of the potato ga1 mutant, which is blocked in
      the 13-hydroxylation step, and were strongly down-regulated by gibberellic acid,
      suggesting a feedback regulation of these genes. In plants grown in short-day
      (inductive) conditions, levels of the StGA20ox transcripts in leaves fluctuated
      during a 24-h period, with a peak of accumulation observed about 4 h after the
      lights were turned off. Interruption of the night with a 30-min "night break" of
      light (noninductive conditions) did not have a marked effect on the levels of
      accumulation of the three GA 20-oxidase mRNAs during the day, but it induced a
      second peak of expression of StGA20ox1 and StGA20ox3 transcripts late in the
      night. This observation, together with the finding that StGA20ox1 mRNA is
      expressed at high levels in leaves, suggests that night-break induction of this
      gene might play a role in the control of tuberization by regulating endogenous
      levels of GAs in response to daylength conditions.

PMID- 9952474
TI  - Separating growth from elastic deformation during cell enlargement 
AB  - Plants change size by deforming reversibly (elastically) whenever turgor pressure
      changes, and by growing. The elastic deformation is independent of growth because
      it occurs in nongrowing cells. Its occurrence with growth has prevented growth
      from being observed alone. We investigated whether the two processes could be
      separated in internode cells of Chara corallina Klien ex Willd., em R.D.W. by
      injecting or removing cell solution with a pressure probe to change turgor while
      the cell length was continuously measured. Cell size changed immediately when
      turgor changed, and growth rates appeared to be altered. Low temperature
      eliminated growth but did not alter the elastic effects. This allowed elastic
      deformation measured at low temperature to be subtracted from elongation at warm
      temperature in the same cell. After the subtraction, growth alone could be
      observed for the first time. Alterations in turgor caused growth to change
      rapidly to a new, steady rate with no evidence of rapid adjustments in wall
      properties. This turgor response, together with the marked sensitivity of growth
      to temperature, suggested that the growth rate was not controlled by inert
      polymer extension but rather by biochemical reactions that include a turgor
      sensitive step.

PMID- 9952475
TI  - Nitrate transport and not photoinhibition limits growth of the freshwater
      Cyanobacterium synechococcus species PCC 6301 at low temperature.
AB  - The effect of low temperature on cell growth, photosynthesis, photoinhibition,
      and nitrate assimilation was examined in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC
      6301 to determine the factor that limits growth. Synechococcus sp. PCC 6301 grew
      exponentially between 20 degreesC and 38 degreesC, the growth rate decreased with
      decreasing temperature, and growth ceased at 15 degreesC. The rate of
      photosynthetic oxygen evolution decreased more slowly with temperature than the
      growth rate, and more than 20% of the activity at 38 degreesC remained at 15
      degreesC. Oxygen evolution was rapidly inactivated at high light intensity (3 mE
      m-2 s-1) at 15 degreesC. Little or no loss of oxygen evolution was observed under
      the normal light intensity (250 microE m-2 s-1) for growth at 15 degreesC. The
      decrease in the rate of nitrate consumption by cells as a function of temperature
      was similar to the decrease in the growth rate. Cells could not actively take up
      nitrate or nitrite at 15 degreesC, although nitrate reductase and nitrite
      reductase were still active. These data demonstrate that growth at low
      temperature is not limited by a decrease in the rate of photosynthetic electron
      transport or by photoinhibition, but that inactivation of the nitrate/nitrite
      transporter limits growth at low temperature.

PMID- 9952478
TI  - Optical model analysis of 200 MeV p

PMID- 9952479
TI  - p-11B spectroscopic factor from the interference of potential scattering and
      elastic transfer at low energies.

PMID- 9952477
TI  - Reply 

PMID- 9952476
TI  - Biochemical analysis of plant protection afforded by a nonpathogenic endophytic
      mutant of colletotrichum magna 
AB  - A nonpathogenic mutant of Colletotrichum magna (path-1) was previously shown to
      protect watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings
      from anthracnose disease elicited by wild-type C. magna. Disease protection was
      observed in stems of path-1-colonized cucurbits but not in cotyledons, indicating
      that path-1 conferred tissue-specific and/or localized protection. Plant
      biochemical indicators of a localized and systemic (peroxidase, phenylalanine
      ammonia-lyase, lignin, and salicylic acid) "plant-defense" response were
      investigated in anthracnose-resistant and -susceptible cultivars of cucurbit
      seedlings exposed to four treatments: (1) water (control), (2) path-1 conidia,
      (3) wild-type conidia, and (4) challenge conditions (inoculation into path-1
      conidia for 48 h and then exposure to wild-type conidia). Collectively, these
      analyses indicated that disease protection in path-1-colonized plants was
      correlated with the ability of these plants to mount a defense response more
      rapidly and to equal or greater levels than plants exposed to wild-type C. magna
      alone. Watermelon plants colonized with path-1 were also protected against
      disease caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare and Fusarium oxysporum. A model based
      on the kinetics of plant-defense activation is presented to explain the mechanism
      of path-1-conferred disease protection.

PMID- 9952480
TI  - Microscopic and semimicroscopic analysis of the reaction 27Al(p, alpha )24Mg in
      the energy range between 20 and 45 MeV.

PMID- 9952481
TI  - Hyperspherical formalism for the photoeffect of the alpha particle.

PMID- 9952482
TI  - Two-body effects in triton photodisintegration sum rules.

PMID- 9952485
TI  - Microscopic foundations of Dirac phenomenology.

PMID- 9952484
TI  - Fragmentation instabilities in nuclear systems.

PMID- 9952483
TI  - Channel cross correlation and intermediate resonance in the 55Mn(p,p)55Mn and
      55Mn(p, alpha )52Cr reactions.

PMID- 9952487
TI  - Scattering of 14.6 MeV neutrons from Fe: Neutron emission cross section
      measurements.

PMID- 9952486
TI  - Scattering of 14.6 MeV neutrons from Fe: Investigation of structure in neutron
      emission spectra.

PMID- 9952488
TI  - Coulomb excitation of cadmium isotopes with protons.

PMID- 9952489
TI  - Energy dependence of the absorptive potential for sub-Coulomb energy proton
      bombardment of zirconium and molybdenum isotopes.

PMID- 9952490
TI  - Proton stripping to outer subshells and the damping of single-particle states:
      116Sn, 144Sm, and 208Pb( alpha,t) reactions at 80 MeV.

PMID- 9952491
TI  - Test of microscopic optical model potentials for neutron elastic scattering at
      14.6 MeV over a wide mass range.

PMID- 9952492
TI  - Energy dependence of (p,t) analyzing powers arising from strong, sequential, two
      step processes with j dependence.

PMID- 9952493
TI  - Deep-inelastic reactions of 16O+48Ti at 100 MeV.

PMID- 9952494
TI  - Fokker-Planck and linear transport solutions to collective flow in heavy ion
      collisions.

PMID- 9952495
TI  - Particle emission in the light heavy-ion fusion reactions: 14N, 16,18O+ 12C.

PMID- 9952496
TI  - High energy approximations for nuclear knockout form factors at small momentum
      transfer.

PMID- 9952497
TI  - Coherent KL0-->KS0 regeneration on Cu.

PMID- 9952499
TI  - Nuclear magnetic moments of 44.3 s 107Agm and 39.8 s 109Agm.

PMID- 9952498
TI  - Pion inelastic scattering to giant resonances and low-lying collective states in
      118Sn and 40Ca.

PMID- 9952500
TI  - Measurements of atomic level widths in thulium: Effect on the measurement of
      neutrino mass from tritium beta decay spectra.

PMID- 9952501
TI  - Dynamical basis generation method with an application to the four-nucleon
      problem.

PMID- 9952502
TI  - Covariant soliton dynamics: Structure of the nucleon.

PMID- 9952503
TI  - Many-body soliton dynamics: Modification of nucleon properties in nuclei.

PMID- 9952504
TI  - Laser spectroscopy of the transitional nucleus 151Sm.

PMID- 9952505
TI  - Medium energy gamma rays following radiative capture of 50 MeV polarized protons
      on 11B.

PMID- 9952506
TI  - Two-spectator quasifree scattering process in the 2H(d,pn)pn reaction at 108 MeV.

PMID- 9952508
TI  - Discrete ambiguity in the nonrelativistic optical potential for 12C at 400 MeV
      and its resolution by spin-rotation data.

PMID- 9952507
TI  - Consequences of Pauli effects in 6Li and the reaction 6Li(e,e'd)4He.

PMID- 9952509
TI  - Angular momentum effects in the pi -nn bound-state problem.

PMID- 9952510
TI  - Pair clustering and giant pairing resonances.

PMID- 9952511
TI  - Kinematics of threshold ( gamma, pi 0) reactions.

PMID- 9952512
TI  - Narrow widths of Lambda single particle states in hypernuclei.

PMID- 9952513
TI  - Extra entropy production due to nonequilibrium phase transitions in relativistic
      heavy ion reactions.

PMID- 9952514
TI  - Isospin dependence in the central real part of the optical model potential.

PMID- 9952515
TI  - Total neutrino-scattering cross sections and total muon-capture rates in nuclei.

PMID- 9952516
TI  - Mass dispersion through particle emission from a vibrating nucleus.

PMID- 9952518
TI  - Dual model form factors and pion photoproduction.

PMID- 9952517
TI  - Coulomb sum rule: Systematic comparison with experimental data.

PMID- 9952519
TI  - Dual model form factors and pion photoproduction.

PMID- 9952520
TI  - Erratum: Deuteron forward photodisintegration

PMID- 9952521
TI  - Measurements of spin-correlation parameters ALL and ASL for p

PMID- 9952522
TI  - Inclusive pion production in 330, 400, and 500 MeV proton-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9952523
TI  - Precompound limits of linear momentum transfer in heavy ion reactions.

PMID- 9952524
TI  - Shape evolution in the transitional gadolinium, dysprosium, erbium, and ytterbium
      nuclei.

PMID- 9952525
TI  - Meson-exchange approach to the tensor analyzing power in elastic pd backward
      scattering.

PMID- 9952527
TI  - Ground-state photoneutron reactions in 14C.

PMID- 9952526
TI  - Neutron-proton radiative capture cross section at Tn

PMID- 9952528
TI  - Resonating group Faddeev approach to deuteron-alpha scattering.

PMID- 9952529
TI  - Decays of high-lying states in 12C.

PMID- 9952530
TI  - Multiconfiguration resonating-group theory of the seven-nucleon system with
      realistic cluster wave functions.

PMID- 9952532
TI  - Coupled channel analysis of proton scattering from 40Ar.

PMID- 9952531
TI  - Measurement of the 158Tb electron-capture Q value.

PMID- 9952533
TI  - Microscopic analysis of complete 90Zr(p,n) spectra including the Delta isobar
      effect.

PMID- 9952535
TI  - Level structures of 61Co via the reaction 59Co(t,p)61Co.

PMID- 9952534
TI  - Optical model for low-energy neutrons on 60Ni.

PMID- 9952536
TI  - Anomalous absorption of neutron partial waves by the nuclear optical potential.

PMID- 9952537
TI  - High spin states in 99Tc.

PMID- 9952538
TI  - Uranium nuclear reactions at 900 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9952539
TI  - High-spin states in 157,158Er and 158,159Tm.

PMID- 9952540
TI  - Fast light particle emission in 20 MeV/nucleon 20Ne induced reactions.

PMID- 9952541
TI  - Collective structures in the odd-Z transitional nuclei 115,117I and 121,123Sb.

PMID- 9952542
TI  - Production of fast alpha particles in 20Ne+ 197Au collisions studied by counting
      the simultaneously emitted neutrons.

PMID- 9952543
TI  - New J pi =10(+) resonance in 16O

PMID- 9952544
TI  - Recoil of products from reactions of 20,22Ne with 93Nb at 100 and 142 MeV.

PMID- 9952546
TI  - Spin dependence of the Lambda N effective interaction.

PMID- 9952545
TI  - Nucleon-nucleon t-matrix interaction for scattering at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9952547
TI  - ( pi, pi N) reactions in 48Ca.

PMID- 9952548
TI  - Measurements of the spin-rotation parameters for parrowd-->parrowd elastic
      scattering at 496, 647, and 800 MeV.

PMID- 9952549
TI  - Triple-differential cross sections to discrete states in the 16O( pi +,2p)14N
      reaction.

PMID- 9952551
TI  - Analytic distorted wave approximation for pion scattering from nuclei.

PMID- 9952550
TI  - Relativistic and nonrelativistic impulse approximation descriptions of 300-1000
      MeV proton + nucleus elastic scattering.

PMID- 9952552
TI  - g factor of 41+ states in the N=82 isotones 136Xe and 138Ba.

PMID- 9952553
TI  - Electron capture decay rate of 50V.

PMID- 9952554
TI  - Energy level measurements in 158Gd: An investigation of a possible neutrino
      balance.

PMID- 9952555
TI  - Decay of mass-separated 199Pom and 199Pog.

PMID- 9952557
TI  - Six quark cluster effects and binding energy differences between mirror nuclei.

PMID- 9952556
TI  - Directional correlation measurements for gamma transitions in 127Te.

PMID- 9952558
TI  - Dynamics of the nuclear one-body density: Small amplitude regime.

PMID- 9952559
TI  - Rotational structure of highly deformed 99Y: Decay of 99Sr.

PMID- 9952560
TI  - Rotational structure of highly deformed 99Y: Particle-rotor model calculations.

PMID- 9952561
TI  - Form factors and the s-wave component of the two-pion-exchange three-nucleon
      potential.

PMID- 9952562
TI  - Two-step processes in the population of the 22+ state via the 197Au(d,3He)196Pt
      reaction.

PMID- 9952563
TI  - Multinucleon transfer in the reaction 12C(p, 6Li)7Be at Ep =40.3 MeV.

PMID- 9952564
TI  - Evidence for multistep processes in proton capture reactions.

PMID- 9952566
TI  - Half-life of 71Ge.

PMID- 9952565
TI  - Low energy antiproton nuclear absorption cross sections.

PMID- 9952567
TI  - Partitioning of nuclei.

PMID- 9952569
TI  - Anomalous M3 moment in 39K as a test of nuclear structure.

PMID- 9952568
TI  - Phase ambiguities in the O(6) limit of the interacting boson model.

PMID- 9952570
TI  - Analyzing power as a probe for clarifying nuclear reaction mechanisms:
      Calculation of the two-step unbound channel contribution.

PMID- 9952571
TI  - Interaction of relativistic helium projectile fragments in nuclear emulsions.

PMID- 9952572
TI  - Isospin composition of giant resonances and asymmetries in pi + compared to pi -
      inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9952573
TI  - Insensitivity of weak interaction amplitudes to relativistic nuclear dynamics.

PMID- 9952574
TI  - Inelastic electron scattering form factors involving the second excited 2(+)
      levels in the nuclei 48Ti and 50Cr.

PMID- 9952575
TI  - 12C

PMID- 9952576
TI  - Equivalent local Dirac potentials.

PMID- 9952577
TI  - Nucleon scattering from 34S and the relative sign of neutron and proton
      transition matrix elements for the (0-->22+) transition.

PMID- 9952578
TI  - Testing the validity of statistical models of fission fragment angular
      distributions.

PMID- 9952579
TI  - Coalescence of complex fragments.

PMID- 9952580
TI  - 4He D-state effects in the 2H(d

PMID- 9952582
TI  - Natural parity states of 20Ne for 12<Ex<15.5 MeV.

PMID- 9952581
TI  - Continuum charge-exchange spectra and the quenching of Gamow-Teller strength.

PMID- 9952583
TI  - Coupled channels analysis of proton scattering from 26Mg.

PMID- 9952584
TI  - Exchange contributions in alpha +9Be elastic scattering.

PMID- 9952585
TI  - Embedding boundary conditions in scattering solutions of few-body differential
      equations.

PMID- 9952587
TI  - Extended coupled channel method for baryon scattering based on the dynamics of
      the Bohr Hamiltonian deduced from a microscopic nucleon-nucleon Hamiltonian.

PMID- 9952586
TI  - Proton excitation of 1(+) states in 208Pb and a lower limit on the strength of
      the isoscalar spin-flip part of the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction.

PMID- 9952588
TI  - (t,3He) reactions on 56Fe, 58Fe, and 58Ni.

PMID- 9952590
TI  - Reactions 58Ni(p, gamma )59Cu and 58Ni(p,p' gamma )58Ni from 0.75 to 5.00 MeV.

PMID- 9952589
TI  - Evidence of a shape transition in even-A Ge isotopes.

PMID- 9952591
TI  - Kaons and quark-gluon plasma.

PMID- 9952593
TI  - Decay of thermally emitted n-p states: A means to measure their lifetime.

PMID- 9952592
TI  - Yrast transition strengths and band structure of 75Br.

PMID- 9952594
TI  - Alpha stripping and pickup to even Ge nuclei.

PMID- 9952595
TI  - Neutron spectra and level density parameters from the 16O+12C fusion reaction.

PMID- 9952596
TI  - 10B

PMID- 9952597
TI  - Mass of 57Cu.

PMID- 9952598
TI  - Inelastic scattering and excitation of 6Li.

PMID- 9952599
TI  - Interactions of energetic gold nuclei in nuclear emulsions.

PMID- 9952600
TI  - Uranium target fragmentation by intermediate and high energy 12C and 20Ne ions.

PMID- 9952602
TI  - Conditional saddle-point configurations.

PMID- 9952601
TI  - Effects of static deformation on the heavy-ion forward glory scattering.

PMID- 9952603
TI  - M4 transitions observed in pion inelastic scattering on 15N.

PMID- 9952604
TI  - Tensor polarization in pion-deuteron elastic scattering.

PMID- 9952605
TI  - Evidence for the modification of nucleon properties in nuclei from traditional
      nuclear physics experiments.

PMID- 9952607
TI  - Effect of Lambda -N repulsive core on pionic decay of Lambda 5He.

PMID- 9952606
TI  - Pion scattering to 4(-) states in 14C.

PMID- 9952609
TI  - Three-body unitarity and the K-matrix analyses of dibaryon resonances.

PMID- 9952608
TI  - Four-nucleon potential due to exchange of pions.

PMID- 9952610
TI  - Exact boson mappings for the nuclear neutron (proton) p shell with the symmetry
      SO(7)

PMID- 9952611
TI  - Nuclear charge radii of the even sulphur isotopes 32S, 34S, and 36S and of 31P
      using muonic atoms.

PMID- 9952612
TI  - Intruder states of the odd-mass N=27 isotones.

PMID- 9952613
TI  - Rotational parameters using linearized theory of rotational states.

PMID- 9952615
TI  - Three beta -decaying isomers of 130In.

PMID- 9952614
TI  - Total width of the 5.17 MeV 1(-) state in 14O and the hot-CNO cycle.

PMID- 9952616
TI  - Delayed neutron precursor 75Cu.

PMID- 9952618
TI  - Structure effects in pi -p bremsstrahlung.

PMID- 9952617
TI  - Mass and energy levels of 118In.

PMID- 9952619
TI  - Semiclassical quantization of the extended time-dependent Hartree-Fock equation:
      Schematic two-level model.

PMID- 9952620
TI  - Deep-inelastic electron scattering from nuclei and the pion optical potential.

PMID- 9952621
TI  - Consistency in the nonrelativistic reduction of two- and three-nucleon forces
      generated by pi exchanges.

PMID- 9952622
TI  - Nuclear structure effects in the fusion of calcium isotopes.

PMID- 9952623
TI  - High spin states in 128Ce.

PMID- 9952625
TI  - Thermal equilibrium in strongly damped collisions.

PMID- 9952624
TI  - Comment on "81Kr-81Br ground state mass difference and implications for
      calibration of a 81Br solar neutrino detector"

PMID- 9952626
TI  - Collectivity of 160,161Yb at high spin.

PMID- 9952627
TI  - Search for a doublet in 16O near 9.85 MeV.

PMID- 9952628
TI  - Photoproton decay of the 31P giant resonance.

PMID- 9952629
TI  - Theory of two-nucleon transfer reactions.

PMID- 9952630
TI  - Particle-hole calculation of the longitudinal response function of 12C.

PMID- 9952631
TI  - Rational S matrices and NN interactions.

PMID- 9952633
TI  - Algebraic reduction and approximate intertwining relation in the strong
      approximation of Moller wave operators approach.

PMID- 9952632
TI  - Test of advanced Faddeev calculations and search for three-body force effects in
      the reaction 2H(parrow,pp)n at Ep

PMID- 9952634
TI  - Polarized neutron capture on 13C.

PMID- 9952636
TI  - Nuclear shell effects in helion polarization phenomena.

PMID- 9952635
TI  - 11B(d,n)12C reaction and the adiabatic approximation.

PMID- 9952637
TI  - Particle-hole strength excited in the 48Ca(p,n)48Sc reaction at 134 and 160 MeV:
      ( pi f7/2, nu f7/2-1) band.

PMID- 9952638
TI  - Particle-hole strength excited in the 48Ca(p,n)48Sc reaction at 134 and 160 MeV:
      Gamow-Teller strength.

PMID- 9952639
TI  - Interpretation of the Perey-Buck nonlocality in terms of the relativistic optical
      model formalism.

PMID- 9952640
TI  - Proximity potential for deformed, oriented collisions and its application to 238U

PMID- 9952641
TI  - High-spin state spectroscopy of 88,90Zr.

PMID- 9952643
TI  - Statistical theory of multistep compound reactions.

PMID- 9952642
TI  - High spin states of 86Zr.

PMID- 9952644
TI  - Momentum and Boltzmann distributions of neon fragments at ~300 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9952645
TI  - Inclusive production of protons in heavy-ion collisions at high energy.

PMID- 9952646
TI  - Precompound decay calculations for reactions induced by 10-100 MeV/nucleon heavy
      ions.

PMID- 9952648
TI  - Transport and evaporation model calculation of N and Z distributions for damped
      nuclear reactions.

PMID- 9952647
TI  - Interplay of resonant and l-window background amplitudes in 16O+16O.

PMID- 9952650
TI  - Unified microscopic theory of hadron and light fragment inclusive production in
      relativistic heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9952649
TI  - Analysis of fragment isotope yields from 20Ne

PMID- 9952651
TI  - Time-dependent Hartree-Fock studies of the sensitivity of dynamical fusion
      thresholds to the effective two-body interaction.

PMID- 9952653
TI  - One-neutron transfer in Ni-Ni interactions below the barrier.

PMID- 9952652
TI  - Mass and charge transfer in the heavy ion reactions 208Pb+ 58Ni and 208Pb+ 64Ni.

PMID- 9952655
TI  - Nuclear-charge distribution for A=121 from thermal-neutron-induced fission of
      235U.

PMID- 9952654
TI  - Fission of heavy nuclei induced by energetic pions.

PMID- 9952656
TI  - Relativistic Love-Franey model: Covariant representation of the NN interaction
      for N-nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9952657
TI  - Pion elastic and inelastic scattering on s-d shell nuclei in the Delta 33
      resonance region. Coupled-channel analysis.

PMID- 9952659
TI  - Projection operators, quantum field theory, and the pion-nucleon system.

PMID- 9952658
TI  - Strangeness abundances in p

PMID- 9952660
TI  - Relationship between partial wave amplitudes and polarization observables in pp -
      > d pi + and pi d --> pi d.

PMID- 9952662
TI  - K+ mesons as a probe of the nuclear interior.

PMID- 9952661
TI  - Coulomb effects and charge symmetry breaking for the A=4 hypernuclei.

PMID- 9952664
TI  - Recoil effects in the relativistically corrected impulse approximation.

PMID- 9952663
TI  - Limits on the neutron-antineutron oscillation time from the stability of nuclei.

PMID- 9952665
TI  - Relativistic (Dirac equation) effects in microscopic elastic scattering
      calculations.

PMID- 9952666
TI  - Pion single charge exchange on 7Li at low energies.

PMID- 9952667
TI  - Method for observation of neutrinos and antineutrinos.

PMID- 9952668
TI  - Nucleon-Dirac potentials from quark models.

PMID- 9952670
TI  - beta + decay of 47Cr.

PMID- 9952669
TI  - E0 transitions in 82Kr.

PMID- 9952671
TI  - Search for the decay of 180Tam.

PMID- 9952672
TI  - Weak branches in 42Sc, 35Ar, and 27Si beta + decay.

PMID- 9952674
TI  - beta - decay of 158Tb.

PMID- 9952673
TI  - Observation of the beta decay of 180Hfm.

PMID- 9952675
TI  - Stable vortex excitations in rotating nuclei.

PMID- 9952676
TI  - Physical boson basis states in the boson expansion theories.

PMID- 9952677
TI  - 10

PMID- 9952679
TI  - Particle-hole symmetry in the interacting-boson model: Fermion and boson aspects.

PMID- 9952678
TI  - Relationship between effective and realistic interactions in 6Li.

PMID- 9952681
TI  - Systematics of fission fragment total kinetic energy release.

PMID- 9952680
TI  - Different bases in the SU(3) limit of the interacting-boson model.

PMID- 9952682
TI  - Probing the microstructure of the giant dipole resonance in 208Pb.

PMID- 9952684
TI  - Higher nodal states of alpha+ 15N cluster structure in 19F.

PMID- 9952683
TI  - Depletion of light cluster production in 1 GeV proton-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9952685
TI  - Measurement of pion-induced deuteron breakup at 150 MeV.

PMID- 9952686
TI  - Low-lying proton resonances of spin 9/2 in 51Mn and 53Mn.

PMID- 9952687
TI  - Large-angle proton-nucleus scattering shows no evidence for intermediate Delta
      states.

PMID- 9952688
TI  - Entrance channel dependence of back angle yields: Orbiting in 24Mg

PMID- 9952689
TI  - Angular correlations in the beta-delayed two-proton decay of 22Al.

PMID- 9952690
TI  - Inelastic scattering of pions on 12C at 800 MeV/c.

PMID- 9952692
TI  - NN potential with separable core from MIT bag model.

PMID- 9952691
TI  - Extension of the Beg-Agassi-Gal theorem to virtual particles.

PMID- 9952694
TI  - Erratum: Rotating toroidal nuclei in heavy-ion reactions

PMID- 9952695
TI  - Observation of N and M orbital-electron capture in the decay of 163Ho.

PMID- 9952693
TI  - Ground state binding energies of hypernuclei.

PMID- 9952696
TI  - Asymmetric neutron emission in 14N

PMID- 9952697
TI  - Capture of polarized protons by 12C and the interference of compound and direct
      reaction mechanisms near Ep

PMID- 9952698
TI  - Inelastic scattering of 65 MeV protons from 12C, 24Mg, 28Si, and 32S.

PMID- 9952699
TI  - 16O( gamma,p)15N reaction for E gamma =100-400 MeV.

PMID- 9952700
TI  - Giant quadrupole and monopole resonances in 28Si.

PMID- 9952701
TI  - 3Hearrow(p,p)3He analyzing powers between 25 and 35 MeV.

PMID- 9952702
TI  - Search for isovector magnetic quadrupole strength and spin-isospin correlations
      in 20Ne.

PMID- 9952703
TI  - 9Be(p,p alpha ) 5He cluster knockout reaction with 150 MeV polarized protons.

PMID- 9952704
TI  - Polarization transfer in n-p scattering at 50 MeV.

PMID- 9952705
TI  - Gamow-Teller matrix elements from the 11B(p,n)11C reaction at Ep

PMID- 9952706
TI  - Spectroscopy of the 5(-), 6(-), and

PMID- 9952707
TI  - Inelastic electron scattering from 48Ca.

PMID- 9952708
TI  - Analysis of giant resonances in proton, 3He, and alpha scattering and the spin
      flip strength in 208Pb.

PMID- 9952709
TI  - Coulomb excitation of 165Ho.

PMID- 9952710
TI  - Numerical simulation of medium energy heavy ion reactions.

PMID- 9952712
TI  - Charge exchange, scattering, and transfer reactions for 9Be+6Li and analysis of
      14C(6Li,6He).

PMID- 9952711
TI  - Hydrodynamic phase in cylindrically symmetric ultrarelativistic heavy ion
      collisions.

PMID- 9952713
TI  - Spin distribution of the compound nucleus in heavy ion reactions at near-barrier
      energies.

PMID- 9952714
TI  - Excitation functions for production of heavy actinides from interactions of 40Ca
      and 48Ca ions with 248Cm.

PMID- 9952715
TI  - Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck theory of medium energy heavy ion reactions: Role of
      mean field dynamics and two body collisions.

PMID- 9952716
TI  - Energy dependence of the cross sections for the 24Mg(16O,12C)28Si(g.s.) reaction.

PMID- 9952717
TI  - Fragmentation of hot classical drops.

PMID- 9952718
TI  - Incomplete fusion calculations in the 27Al(16O,xy) reaction at 65, 77, and 87.4
      MeV bombarding energies.

PMID- 9952719
TI  - Spontaneous fission of rutherfordium isotopes.

PMID- 9952720
TI  - Surface effects on the isovector spin response induced by high energy protons.

PMID- 9952721
TI  - Polarization observables in pi d--> pi d and pp--> pi d and the NN- pi NN
      equations.

PMID- 9952722
TI  - (N, Delta ) reaction in the bag model.

PMID- 9952724
TI  - Reaction p

PMID- 9952723
TI  - Reaction 2H(p,d pi +)n at 506 MeV.

PMID- 9952725
TI  - Meson exchange calculation of the p

PMID- 9952726
TI  - Dynamical model for pion photoproduction in the Delta region.

PMID- 9952727
TI  - Half-life of 241Pu.

PMID- 9952728
TI  - End-point energy of 3H beta decay.

PMID- 9952729
TI  - Calculation of the 48Ca( beta -)48Sc decay rate.

PMID- 9952731
TI  - Thermal properties of 16O and 40Ca with a realistic effective Hamiltonian.

PMID- 9952730
TI  - Spectroscopy of the platinum isotopes and the dynamical supersymmetry U(6/12).

PMID- 9952733
TI  - Multi-quark compound states and the 3He charge form factor.

PMID- 9952732
TI  - 6Li--> alpha

PMID- 9952734
TI  - Generating function for angular momentum multiplicities.

PMID- 9952735
TI  - Radiochemical measurements of 200-MeV proton-induced fission of 133Cs.

PMID- 9952736
TI  - Improved limits on the double beta decay half-lives of 50Cr, 64Zn, 92Mo, and
      96Ru.

PMID- 9952737
TI  - Additional beta-delayed protons from the Tz=-3/2 nuclei 21Mg, 25Si, 29S, and
      41Ti.

PMID- 9952738
TI  - Quark effects in the charge distribution of 208Pb.

PMID- 9952740
TI  - Derivation of the eigenstates of Hermitian boson expansion theory from results of
      non-Hermitian theory.

PMID- 9952739
TI  - Consistency of polarization corrections to the S-wave isovector strength in the
      pion-nucleus optical potential.

PMID- 9952741
TI  - Isovector admixtures in the isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance in 208Pb.

PMID- 9952743
TI  - Comparison of magnetic dipole excitations in the f7/2 shell region with the new
      collective excitations in 156Gd.

PMID- 9952742
TI  - Tensor analyzing powers T20( theta ) and T22( theta ) in the 2H(darrow, gamma )
      4He reaction.

PMID- 9952744
TI  - Charge asymmetry effects in pi *d elastic scattering at 180 MeV.

PMID- 9952745
TI  - Double K-shell ionization in electron capture decay.

PMID- 9952746
TI  - Systematics in the volume integrals of the imaginary part of the light ion
      optical potentials.

PMID- 9952747
TI  - Influence of neck formation on heavy ion subbarrier fusion.

PMID- 9952748
TI  - Direct surface transfer reactions induced by a 1102 MeV40Ar beam on 68Zn target
      nucleus.

PMID- 9952749
TI  - Erratum: Equivalent local Dirac potentials

PMID- 9952750
TI  - Observation of parity doublets in 219Ac.

PMID- 9952751
TI  - Sub-barrier fusion of 16O with 16,18O.

PMID- 9952752
TI  - Radioactive decay of 232U by 24Ne emission.

PMID- 9952753
TI  - Interpretation of the angular distribution of the 4He( pi -,n)3H reaction based
      on the Delta -hole model.

PMID- 9952754
TI  - Evidence for an underlying SU(3) structure near neutron number N=104.

PMID- 9952755
TI  - Specific distortion effects in the five-nucleon system.

PMID- 9952756
TI  - Spin isovector responses in finite nuclei.

PMID- 9952757
TI  - Separable Ernst-Shakin-Thaler expansions of local potentials.

PMID- 9952758
TI  - Current conservation and the transverse electric multipole field.

PMID- 9952759
TI  - 2H(d, gamma ) 4He reaction at low energies.

PMID- 9952760
TI  - Test of Fermi gas model predictions of level density in 137Xe.

PMID- 9952762
TI  - Magnetic dipole excitations in the N=28 isotones 50Ti, 52Cr, and 54Fe.

PMID- 9952761
TI  - Cross sections and analyzing powers for quenched spin excitations in 40,48Ca at
      Ep

PMID- 9952763
TI  - Transfer in the light Hg isotopes and the U(6/12) models.

PMID- 9952764
TI  - 14N(7Li,p)20F: Ex=4.5-9.0 MeV.

PMID- 9952766
TI  - High-spin gamma -ray spectroscopy in Z=83 isotopes: 199,201Bi.

PMID- 9952765
TI  - Elastic and inelastic scattering of 12C

PMID- 9952768
TI  - Coagulation of the quark-gluon plasma in nn

PMID- 9952767
TI  - Complete fusion and quasifission in reactions between heavy ions.

PMID- 9952769
TI  - Deformation effects in the heavy ion quarter-point angle.

PMID- 9952771
TI  - Charge symmetry violation in the structure of the 3H-3He system.

PMID- 9952770
TI  - Alpha transfer mechanism in heavy-ion reactions.

PMID- 9952772
TI  - Pion scattering on aligned 165Ho.

PMID- 9952774
TI  - Mechanism of 3He( pi -,pn) reaction.

PMID- 9952773
TI  - Transport theory for inclusive pion reactions and mean proton momentum for (
      pi,p).

PMID- 9952776
TI  - K

PMID- 9952775
TI  - Production mechanism of backward energetic protons studied from two-particle
      correlations in 800 MeV proton-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9952777
TI  - Measurement of the 16N(2(-),g.s.)--> 16O(0 (+),g.s.)+e

PMID- 9952779
TI  - Upper limit on T nonconserving tensor couplings in nuclear beta decay.

PMID- 9952778
TI  - Decay of 2.22-sec 1 5646Ba90 to levels of odd-odd 1 5746La89.

PMID- 9952780
TI  - Experimental test of time reversal invariance using beta-polarization-gamma
      angular correlations in beta decay.

PMID- 9952782
TI  - Simultaneous electromagnetic enhancement of nuclear beta decay and isomeric
      transitions.

PMID- 9952781
TI  - Beta decay of the new isotopes 52K, 52Ca, and 52Sc; a test of the shell model far
      from stability.

PMID- 9952784
TI  - Excited states of 4He.

PMID- 9952783
TI  - Cluster picture of 7Li.

PMID- 9952786
TI  - Convergence of Faddeev partial-wave series for triton ground state.

PMID- 9952785
TI  - Simple model for backbending.

PMID- 9952787
TI  - Multiconfiguration microscopic study of alpha + 14C molecular states.

PMID- 9952789
TI  - Isoscalar giant monopole in a macroscopic-microscopic approach.

PMID- 9952788
TI  - Three-nucleon bound-state collapse with Tabakin potentials.

PMID- 9952790
TI  - E2 strength of the lowest resonance in 6Li( alpha, gamma ): Collective effects in
      the 1p shell.

PMID- 9952791
TI  - Misconceptions regarding spin 3/2.

PMID- 9952793
TI  - Hypertriton and hyperspherical harmonics.

PMID- 9952792
TI  - Equivalent local potentials for nucleon-alpha scattering.

PMID- 9952794
TI  - Energy and density dependence of the isovector tensor interaction.

PMID- 9952795
TI  - Signature to detect the isovector giant quadrupole resonance.

PMID- 9952796
TI  - Widths of the 6.92 and 7.12 MeV levels in 16O and the influence of the effective
      temperature.

PMID- 9952797
TI  - Resonant states in momentum representation.

PMID- 9952799
TI  - Probing heavy ion collisions with bremsstrahlung.

PMID- 9952800
TI  - Hermitian folded-diagram potentials in nucleon-nucleon scattering.

PMID- 9952798
TI  - Photoexcitation mechanisms and the fission process of 209Bi from threshold to the
      Delta region.

PMID- 9952801
TI  - 4He(d,p)n4He reaction at low bombarding energies.

PMID- 9952802
TI  - Thermal neutron capture gamma rays from sulfur isotopes: Experiment and theory.

PMID- 9952803
TI  - Method of continued fractions for on- and off-shell t matrix of local and
      nonlocal potentials.

PMID- 9952805
TI  - Nonradiative versus radiative nuclear excitation in the positron-K-electron
      annihilation.

PMID- 9952804
TI  - Elastic scattering of polarized neutrons on 16O, 59Co, and Pb at 23 MeV.

PMID- 9952806
TI  - Measurement of the cross sections for the 232Th(n,2n)231Th reaction in the 6.745
      to 10.450 MeV energy range.

PMID- 9952807
TI  - Coincident neutron-proton emission from proton bombardment of 87Sr and 91Zr.

PMID- 9952809
TI  - Microscopic calculation of the imaginary Lane isospin potential W1.

PMID- 9952808
TI  - Core polarization in inelastic scattering to 52Cr(21+).

PMID- 9952810
TI  - Composite particles and entropy production in relativistic nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9952811
TI  - Direct reaction description of sub- and above-barrier fusion of heavy ions.

PMID- 9952812
TI  - Level structure of 215Fr.

PMID- 9952813
TI  - Light-particle-complex-fragment coincidence cross sections from intermediate
      energy nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9952814
TI  - Anomalous projectile fragments as nuclear molecules.

PMID- 9952815
TI  - Time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations of 4He

PMID- 9952816
TI  - Nuclear-charge distribution near symmetry for thermal-neutron-induced fission of
      235U.

PMID- 9952817
TI  - Angular distributions in heavy-ion-induced fission.

PMID- 9952818
TI  - Linear momentum transfer in 292-MeV 20Ne-induced fission of 165Ho, 181Ta, 197Au,
      209Bi, and 238U.

PMID- 9952819
TI  - Simple parametrization of the pi -N amplitude.

PMID- 9952820
TI  - Spin observables in elastic proton scattering.

PMID- 9952822
TI  - Effects of medium-modified form factors in quasielastic electron scattering from
      12C.

PMID- 9952821
TI  - Proton-nucleon spin-rotation and -depolarization parameters at 800 MeV.

PMID- 9952823
TI  - Inclusive measurement of (p, pi -xn) double charge exchange reactions on bismuth
      from threshold to 800 MeV.

PMID- 9952824
TI  - Relativistic effects in the neutron-deuteron scattering lengths.

PMID- 9952825
TI  - Meson theoretical basis for Dirac impulse approximation.

PMID- 9952826
TI  - Decays of 117Xe-->

PMID- 9952827
TI  - Collective M1 states in the classical limit of the neutron-proton interacting
      boson model.

PMID- 9952828
TI  - Treatment of pairing correlations based on the equations of motion for zero
      coupled pair operators.

PMID- 9952829
TI  - Polarized-proton-induced pion production on sup10B at 200, 225, 250, and 260 MeV
      incident energies.

PMID- 9952830
TI  - Excitation function of the sup58Ni(n,d)sup57Co reaction near its threshold.

PMID- 9952831
TI  - Measurement of the backward-to-90 degrees neutron-proton elastic cross section
      ratio between 40 and 75 MeV.

PMID- 9952832
TI  - Identification of the yrast decay scheme of sup86Y.

PMID- 9952833
TI  - Experimental evidence against the proposed band based on a shape isomer in
      sup32S.

PMID- 9952835
TI  - Electron scattering transverse sum rule: Tentative comparison with experimental
      data.

PMID- 9952834
TI  - Equivalent local potentials from nonlocal separable ones.

PMID- 9952837
TI  - Hypernucleus production in heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9952836
TI  - Magnetic quadrupole strength in sup12C.

PMID- 9952838
TI  - Semiclassical methods and the summation of the scattering partial wave series.

PMID- 9952840
TI  - Reply to "Role of pion absorption on quasi-deuterons in sup12C( pi sup+,2p)"

PMID- 9952839
TI  - Role of pion absorption on quasi-deuterons in sup12C( pi sup+,2p).

PMID- 9952841
TI  - Comparison between semiclassical and classical descriptions of the collective M1
      mode in the interacting boson model.

PMID- 9952842
TI  - Determination of two-nucleon spectroscopic amplitudes from (d, alpha ) analyzing
      powers.

PMID- 9952843
TI  - Single-particle states in sup149Er and sup149Ho, and the effect of the Z=64
      closure.

PMID- 9952844
TI  - Further evidence for a stiff nuclear equation of state from a transverse-momentum
      analysis of Ar(1800 MeV/nucleon) + KCl.

PMID- 9952846
TI  - Nsup model for the reaction sup12C(p, pi sup-)sup13Osubg.s. far above the 33
      resonance.

PMID- 9952845
TI  - Nonanalog pion double charge exchange through Delta sub33-nucleon interaction.

PMID- 9952847
TI  - Energy average of the scattering matrix in picket-fence models.

PMID- 9952849
TI  - Gamma-ray energies from the reaction 35Cl(n, gamma ).

PMID- 9952848
TI  - Photoproton decay of the E1 giant resonance in 19F.

PMID- 9952851
TI  - Photoneutron cross sections for 14C.

PMID- 9952850
TI  - Neutron capture by 31P.

PMID- 9952852
TI  - Identification of new excited levels in 28Si through the 27Al(d,n)28Si reaction.

PMID- 9952853
TI  - Four-nucleon scattering in the K-matrix approach with improved treatment of the
      (2+2) channels.

PMID- 9952856
TI  - Fragmentation of the low-energy octupole resonance in 48Ca, 90Zr, and 208Pb.

PMID- 9952855
TI  - Neutron decay of the isoscalar giant resonance region in 90Zr.

PMID- 9952854
TI  - Single-particle effects in precompound reactions: Influence of the f7/2 shell
      closure.

PMID- 9952857
TI  - Equivalence of post and prior sum rules for inclusive breakup reactions.

PMID- 9952859
TI  - Direct measurement of the radiative tail in electron scattering from atomic
      nuclei.

PMID- 9952858
TI  - Multipole moments of 176Yb and 182W nuclei from inelastic scattering of 134 MeV
      protons.

PMID- 9952860
TI  - Mechanism of spin-dependent inelastic scattering in the 13C

PMID- 9952862
TI  - Reexamination of fission fragment angular distributions and the fission process:
      Formalism.

PMID- 9952861
TI  - Possibility of dynamical symmetry restoration in the Gaussian overlap
      approximation.

PMID- 9952864
TI  - Light-charged-particle emission in the spontaneous fission of 250Cf, 256Fm, and
      257Fm.

PMID- 9952863
TI  - Reexamination of fission fragment angular distributions and the fission process:
      Analysis of data.

PMID- 9952865
TI  - Dynamical evaluation of pi d-dibaryon coupling parameters.

PMID- 9952866
TI  - Relativity and spin in one-, two-, and three-body systems.

PMID- 9952867
TI  - Theory of mesonic and dibaryonic excitations in the pi NN system: Derivation of
      pi NN scattering equations.

PMID- 9952869
TI  - Hypernuclear physics with electron beams: Exclusive and inclusive excitations.

PMID- 9952868
TI  - Isospin dependence of Pauli corrections to the pion-nucleus optical potential.

PMID- 9952870
TI  - Double excitation in high energy inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9952871
TI  - Intermediate isobar effects in a two-nucleon mechanism for (p, pi ).

PMID- 9952872
TI  - Atomic nuclei decay modes by spontaneous emission of heavy ions.

PMID- 9952873
TI  - Measurements of spin, magnetic moment, and electric quadrupole moment of 41.5 h
      188Ir.

PMID- 9952874
TI  - Relation between the interacting boson-fermion approximation model and dynamical
      boson-fermion symmetries.

PMID- 9952876
TI  - Nuclear polarization in muonic 90Zr.

PMID- 9952875
TI  - Rotational properties of octupole deformed nuclei discussed within a simple
      model.

PMID- 9952877
TI  - Mass yield distribution for the interaction of silver with 300 GeV protons.

PMID- 9952878
TI  - Measurement of the neutron-proton total cross section in the 25-75-MeV range.

PMID- 9952880
TI  - Peaks in the low energy d

PMID- 9952879
TI  - Near-spherical band in 76Kr observed in the beta -decay of mass separated 76Rb.

PMID- 9952881
TI  - F-spin multiplets in collective nuclei.

PMID- 9952883
TI  - Structural changes at very high spins in Yb isotopes.

PMID- 9952882
TI  - Comparison of truncated shell model calculations in the laboratory and intrinsic
      systems.

PMID- 9952885
TI  - Suppression of elastic magnetic electron scattering form factors.

PMID- 9952884
TI  - Nuclear parity violation in gamma d--> pi

PMID- 9952886
TI  - Backward cross section in the generalized exciton model.

PMID- 9952887
TI  - Quark effects in nuclear longitudinal response functions.

PMID- 9952888
TI  - Microscopic description of the (p, pi -) continuum at intermediate proton energy.

PMID- 9952890
TI  - Sensitivity of the triton binding energy to the D-state probability in the
      deuteron.

PMID- 9952889
TI  - Importance of the energy-dependent geometry in the 16O

PMID- 9952891
TI  - Parametrizing the equation of state of cold and dense nuclear matter.

PMID- 9952892
TI  - Erratum: Measurement of the 158Tb electron-capture Q value

PMID- 9952893
TI  - Search for energy and target effects in anomalous projectile fragment production.

PMID- 9952894
TI  - Microscopic optical model analysis of nucleon scattering from light nuclei.

PMID- 9952895
TI  - Separable potentials from Gamow states.

PMID- 9952896
TI  - Reaction 2H(3He, gamma ) 5Li at center-of-mass energies between 25 and 60 keV.

PMID- 9952898
TI  - Parametrization of the coupled channels S matrix in the inelastic case.

PMID- 9952897
TI  - Test of the reduced width amplitude distribution from proton resonance studies.

PMID- 9952899
TI  - Cross sections for He, Li, and Be isotopes produced in the alpha + alpha reaction
      at 198.4 MeV.

PMID- 9952900
TI  - States of 38S from the 36S(t,p)38S reaction.

PMID- 9952901
TI  - Inclusive 150-MeV-proton-induced spectra at forward angles.

PMID- 9952902
TI  - Sturmian projection and an L2 discretization of three-body continuum effects.

PMID- 9952903
TI  - 198,199,200,201,202,204Hg(n, gamma ) cross sections and the termination of s
      process nucleosynthesis.

PMID- 9952904
TI  - (t,3He) reactions on 40,42,44Ca, 46,48,50Ti, 54Cr, and 54Fe.

PMID- 9952906
TI  - Microscopic approach to the alpha-particle-nucleus optical potential.

PMID- 9952905
TI  - (e,p) and (e, alpha ) reactions in 90Zr and 92Zr.

PMID- 9952907
TI  - Shell model calculation for the 71Ga( nu,e-)71Ge solar neutrino detector.

PMID- 9952909
TI  - Gamma rays in 148Sm from the decay of 148Eu and the 146Nd( alpha,2n gamma )
      reaction.

PMID- 9952908
TI  - Determination of the pi 1g9/2 orbit size in 88Sr, 90Zr, and 92Mo from inelastic
      electron scattering.

PMID- 9952910
TI  - Inelastic proton scattering to the 3(-) and 1(+) states in 50Ti, 52Cr, and 54Fe.

PMID- 9952911
TI  - "Stripping" reaction in heavy ion projectile dissociation: Extended Serber model.

PMID- 9952912
TI  - 21Ne from 12C

PMID- 9952913
TI  - Resonances in 13C(13C, alpha )22Ne.

PMID- 9952914
TI  - Statistical analysis of 13C(13C, alpha )22Ne.

PMID- 9952915
TI  - 28Si

PMID- 9952916
TI  - Nuclear temperatures in the reaction of 14N with Ag at 35 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9952917
TI  - Potential sensitivity in projectile excitation for 7Li

PMID- 9952918
TI  - Transfer and breakup processes in reactions of 11- and 17-MeV/nucleon 20Ne

PMID- 9952919
TI  - Unambiguous phase-shift analysis of the 12C(12C, alpha 0)20Ne reaction at Coulomb
      barrier energies.

PMID- 9952920
TI  - Proton-induced fission of 232Th and Ir: Exciton model calculations.

PMID- 9952921
TI  - Large angle pi d scattering in the region of the (3,3) resonance.

PMID- 9952922
TI  - Dispersive effects in pion-nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9952923
TI  - Relativistic treatment of the spin difference functions in inelastic proton
      nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9952925
TI  - 3He(p,2p)d and 3He(p,pd)p reactions at large recoil momenta.

PMID- 9952924
TI  - Noncoplanar geometry for detecting nuclear renormalization effects in exclusive (
      pi, pi N) reactions.

PMID- 9952927
TI  - Diffraction theory analysis of pion elastic scattering from the calcium isotopes.

PMID- 9952926
TI  - Pion production near mid-rapidity in high-energy heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9952928
TI  - Isospin effect in pi * 14C elastic scattering at 50 MeV.

PMID- 9952929
TI  - Systematics of continuum pion double charge exchange on T=0 nuclei.

PMID- 9952930
TI  - 144Nd levels fed in beta decay of 144Pr isomers.

PMID- 9952932
TI  - Longitudinal polarization of positrons in 22Na decay.

PMID- 9952931
TI  - Inner bremsstrahlung accompanying beta decay of 147Pm.

PMID- 9952933
TI  - Band structure in the N=88 isotones 149Pm, 151Eu, and 153Tb.

PMID- 9952934
TI  - Thermal effects and the interplay between pairing and shape deformations.

PMID- 9952936
TI  - Brueckner-Bethe and variational calculations of nuclear matter.

PMID- 9952935
TI  - Symmetry-conserving higher-order interaction terms in the interacting boson
      model.

PMID- 9952937
TI  - Interacting boson model with surface delta interaction between nucleons.

PMID- 9952939
TI  - Structure of the actinides by the interacting boson model.

PMID- 9952938
TI  - Neutron-proton multiplets in odd-odd 106-116In nuclei.

PMID- 9952940
TI  - Structure in the fusion yield for 32S

PMID- 9952941
TI  - Energy dependence of the 7Li(p,d)6Li reaction.

PMID- 9952943
TI  - Variational calculations with correlated basis functions: Three-nucleon and three
      alpha-particle systems.

PMID- 9952942
TI  - Diffraction analysis of pion-elastic scattering from 40Ar.

PMID- 9952944
TI  - Entrance-channel effects on the average angular momentum of compound nuclei
      produced in fusion reactions.

PMID- 9952945
TI  - Black body description of antiproton-nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9952946
TI  - Elimination of the linear energy-dependence of nonlocal optical potentials.

PMID- 9952947
TI  - Double isobaric analog resonance in 208Po and the isobaric multiplet mass
      equation.

PMID- 9952948
TI  - Erratum: Six quark cluster effects and binding energy differences between mirror
      nuclei

PMID- 9952949
TI  - Erratum: Neutron spectra and level density parameters from the 16O+12C fusion
      reaction

PMID- 9952950
TI  - pi 0 photoproduction on scalar-isoscalar nuclei near threshold.

PMID- 9952951
TI  - Observation of high energy gamma rays in intermediate energy nucleus-nucleus
      collisions.

PMID- 9952953
TI  - Incompressibility of neutron-rich nuclear matter.

PMID- 9952952
TI  - Single-particle 2d5/2 strength in the 48Ca

PMID- 9952955
TI  - Surface effects in the exciton model of preequilibrium nuclear reactions.

PMID- 9952954
TI  - Shell-model analysis of high-resolution data for elastic and inelastic electron
      scattering on 19F.

PMID- 9952956
TI  - Microscopic analysis of t

PMID- 9952958
TI  - Nucleon-nucleon interaction in the quark compound bag model.

PMID- 9952957
TI  - Elastic photon scattering from carbon and calcium and its interpretation.

PMID- 9952959
TI  - Relativistic effects in the sum rules for the d( gamma, p)n reaction.

PMID- 9952960
TI  - Coherent contributions of charge-dependent forces to the spreading width of the
      analog of 49Ca.

PMID- 9952961
TI  - Predictions of elastic alpha particle scattering from theoretical nuclear
      densities.

PMID- 9952963
TI  - Optical potentials from the scattering cross section by inversion.

PMID- 9952962
TI  - Recoil range distributions of residues from alpha + 59Co reactions.

PMID- 9952964
TI  - Subthreshold pion production.

PMID- 9952965
TI  - Nuclear structure in 95,97Ru nuclei.

PMID- 9952966
TI  - Pion-helium potential by inverse scattering method.

PMID- 9952967
TI  - (3He,t) reaction in the Delta -isobar region.

PMID- 9952968
TI  - Separable model for the antinucleon-nucleon elastic and annihilation interaction.

PMID- 9952969
TI  - Nuclei containing an antinucleon.

PMID- 9952970
TI  - Inelastic scattering of pi + and pi - mesons from 3He and 4He at energies of 350,
      400, and 475 MeV.

PMID- 9952971
TI  - Excitation functions for the production of 18F and 24Na from Al and Si with fast
      pions.

PMID- 9952972
TI  - Final state interactions and relativistic effects in the (e

PMID- 9952973
TI  - Independent isomer yield ratio of 90Rb from thermal neutron fission of 235U.

PMID- 9952974
TI  - Measurement of three protons in coincidence following absorption of 228 MeV pi +
      in carbon.

PMID- 9952975
TI  - Electromagnetic pion pair current from quark models.

PMID- 9952976
TI  - Decays of 101Rhm and 101Rhg.

PMID- 9952977
TI  - Search for the beta - decay of 48Ca.

PMID- 9952978
TI  - Nuclear structure and double beta decay: Two neutrino mode.

PMID- 9952979
TI  - Temperature dependence of collective states in hot nuclei.

PMID- 9952980
TI  - Charge independence breaking and the triton binding energy.

PMID- 9952981
TI  - Quenching of spin-flip quadrupole transitions.

PMID- 9952983
TI  - Hybrid mass relations.

PMID- 9952982
TI  - Calculation of nuclear level density from an equation of state.

PMID- 9952984
TI  - Comparison of Lanczos methods and moment methods in calculating nuclear level
      densities.

PMID- 9952985
TI  - U(5) x SU(2) limits of the interacting boson fermion model, their associated
      supersymmetries, and their application to 76Se and 75As.

PMID- 9952987
TI  - Radiative deuteron capture into the secondary doorway state of 13C.

PMID- 9952986
TI  - Electromagnetic transitions in 205Hg.

PMID- 9952988
TI  - Modified separable representation of the Paris nucleon-nucleon potential in the
      1S0 and 3P0 states.

PMID- 9952989
TI  - 58Ni+64Ni subbarrier fusion cross section.

PMID- 9952991
TI  - E4 systematics and the interacting boson model.

PMID- 9952990
TI  - Cluster configurations in 7Li.

PMID- 9952992
TI  - Channel coupling effects in subbarrier fusion of oxygen with oxygen.

PMID- 9952993
TI  - Direct reaction description of complete fusion above barrier.

PMID- 9952994
TI  - Sawtooth curve of neutron multiplicity.

PMID- 9952996
TI  - Fragmentation instabilities in nuclear systems.

PMID- 9952995
TI  - Excitation energy of the collective M1 mode in the classical limit of the neutron
      proton interacting boson model.

PMID- 9952997
TI  - Erratum: Dynamics of the nuclear one-body density: Small amplitude regime

PMID- 9952998
TI  - First observation of the d+d--> 4He+ eta 0 reaction.

PMID- 9953000
TI  - Inclusive angular distribution of alpha and Li fragments produced in Fe-C and Fe
      Pb collisions at 1.88 GeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9952999
TI  - Detection of heavy-ion reaction products in bound excited states.

PMID- 9953001
TI  - Possible hydrogen-like structure for giant resonances in nuclei.

PMID- 9953002
TI  - 17O(p

PMID- 9953004
TI  - Collective excitations of 194Pt in low energy neutron scattering.

PMID- 9953005
TI  - Linear momentum transfer in 40-150 MeV proton-induced reactions with 238U.

PMID- 9953003
TI  - 2H, 3,4He(p

PMID- 9953006
TI  - Radiative muon absorption in calcium.

PMID- 9953007
TI  - Multiple Coulomb excitation of the transitional nucleus 82Kr.

PMID- 9953008
TI  - Momentum balance for the incomplete fusion of 16O+40Ca.

PMID- 9953009
TI  - Gamma-ray multiplicity distribution associated with massive transfer.

PMID- 9953010
TI  - Elastic and inelastic scattering of uranium ions by holmium, gold, and bismuth
      targets.

PMID- 9953012
TI  - Optical model plus resonance analysis of 12C+12C elastic scattering.

PMID- 9953011
TI  - Alpha transfer reaction 16O(12C,8Beg.s.)Ne: Key process in the 12C(16O, alpha )
      reaction.

PMID- 9953013
TI  - Neutron emission in inelastic reactions of 12C+ 158Gd and 20Ne+ 150Nd.

PMID- 9953014
TI  - Fusion reactions between 32S and 24,25,26Mg in the energy region Elab

PMID- 9953015
TI  - Approach to the limits for massive energy and spin deposition into a composite
      nucleus.

PMID- 9953016
TI  - Entropy evolution in heavy ion collision.

PMID- 9953017
TI  - Heavy residues following 5-10 MeV/nucleon 12C- and 14N- induced reactions on Sm
      and Pr targets.

PMID- 9953018
TI  - Phenomenological model for 6Li form factor in terms of multi-quark-cluster
      configurations.

PMID- 9953019
TI  - Separable potentials for relativistic three-body calculations of the NNN, NN pi,
      N pi pi, and pi pi pi systems.

PMID- 9953020
TI  - Measurements of the E2 resonance effect in pionic atoms.

PMID- 9953021
TI  - Spin observables in quasi-elastic proton-nucleus scattering near 1 GeV.

PMID- 9953022
TI  - General Lorentz-invariant representation of NN scattering amplitudes.

PMID- 9953024
TI  - Relativistic treatment of spin observables in the excitation of the 1(+) T=0
      state in 12C.

PMID- 9953023
TI  - Kaon photoproduction operator for use in nuclear physics.

PMID- 9953025
TI  - Beta-delayed proton decays of 27P and 31Cl: Gamow-Teller decays with large Q
      values.

PMID- 9953026
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance on oriented 4.7 h 99Rhm, 4.3 d 101Rhm, and 2.9 d 97Ru
      after recoil implantation into Fe.

PMID- 9953027
TI  - Beta asymmetries in the decay of polarized 56Co.

PMID- 9953028
TI  - Double proton decay and H-H

PMID- 9953030
TI  - Mirror potentials and the fermion problem.

PMID- 9953029
TI  - Mixed-symmetry interpretation of some low-lying bands in deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9953031
TI  - Spectroscopic properties of highly excited states.

PMID- 9953032
TI  - Application of the Kishimoto-Tamura boson expansion theory to a single-j shell
      model.

PMID- 9953033
TI  - Rotational model with Coriolis mixing applied to the structure of stretched
      states.

PMID- 9953035
TI  - d3/2 1p

PMID- 9953034
TI  - Search for superheavy elements using the 48Ca+254Esg reaction.

PMID- 9953036
TI  - Measurements of neutron-deuteron elastic and charge exchange scattering.

PMID- 9953037
TI  - F-spin multiplets of nuclei and their relation to U(12).

PMID- 9953038
TI  - Volume integrals of optical potentials for light composite projectiles.

PMID- 9953039
TI  - Inadequacy of four-particle tests of Dyson boson mapping.

PMID- 9953040
TI  - Mesonic atoms from heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9953042
TI  - Applicability of transport theory of gases to the description of excited nuclear
      matter.

PMID- 9953041
TI  - WKB treatment of a simple two-dimensional fission model.

PMID- 9953043
TI  - Erratum: Complete fusion and quasifission in reactions between heavy ions

PMID- 9953045
TI  - Direct neutron decay of the giant quadrupole resonance in 92Zr and its particle
      hole structure.

PMID- 9953044
TI  - Two-step processes in the quasi-free (e,e'p) reaction.

PMID- 9953046
TI  - Nuclear alignment: Implications for the decay of the quantum-electrodynamic
      vacuum.

PMID- 9953047
TI  - Nucleon-deuteron scattering based on meson-exchange nucleon-nucleon dynamics.

PMID- 9953048
TI  - Evidence for nonstatistical fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions at high
      energies.

PMID- 9953050
TI  - Ground state photoneutron reactions in 17O.

PMID- 9953051
TI  - Absolute cross section for the photodisintegration of deuterium.

PMID- 9953049
TI  - Coulomb energy systematics and the missing J pi =(1/2)+ state in 9B.

PMID- 9953052
TI  - Polarization asymmetry in the photodisintegration of the deuteron.

PMID- 9953054
TI  - In-beam gamma -ray spectroscopy of excited states in 141Pm.

PMID- 9953053
TI  - Relativistic effects and deuteron photodisintegration with polarized and
      unpolarized gamma rays.

PMID- 9953055
TI  - Emission of preformed alpha particles through a collective process in 150Sm(p,
      alpha ).

PMID- 9953056
TI  - Cross sections relevant to gamma-ray astronomy: Alpha-particle-induced reactions
      on 12C, 14N, and 16O nuclei.

PMID- 9953057
TI  - Coulomb excitation of 105Pd with protons.

PMID- 9953058
TI  - Level structure of 220Ra.

PMID- 9953059
TI  - In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of 82Sr.

PMID- 9953060
TI  - Search for heavy-ion resonances in the reactions 12C(20Ne, alpha ) and 12C(20Ne,
      8Be).

PMID- 9953061
TI  - Description of light-ion collisions in the time-dependent cluster model.

PMID- 9953062
TI  - Multicoincidence study of fragmentation events at small angles from 20Ne induced
      reactions at 35 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9953063
TI  - Effect of shell structure on the nucleon transfer contribution to the imaginary
      part of the heavy ion optical potential.

PMID- 9953064
TI  - Photofission of 238U with neutron-capture gamma rays.

PMID- 9953065
TI  - Differential cross sections for p+d--> gamma +3He at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9953066
TI  - Delta excitations in heavy nuclei induced by (3He,t) and (p,n) reactions.

PMID- 9953067
TI  - Measurements of cross sections and analyzing powers for the inclusive pp-->pn pi

PMID- 9953068
TI  - Emission of 3He and 4He in reactions of 70- and 160-MeV pi +/- mesons with Ag.

PMID- 9953069
TI  - Validity of the coupled-channel method for the study of Delta excitation in
      intermediate-energy NN scattering.

PMID- 9953070
TI  - Probability current conservation imposed on nucleon knockout amplitudes.

PMID- 9953072
TI  - NN- pi NN equations and the chiral bag model.

PMID- 9953071
TI  - Continuum spectra for 165 MeV pion-nucleus single charge exchange.

PMID- 9953073
TI  - Three-particle equations for the pion-nucleon system.

PMID- 9953075
TI  - Double K-shell ionization accompanying the internal conversion of the 0.145-MeV
      transition in 141Pr.

PMID- 9953076
TI  - Variational formulation of nuclear fluid dynamics.

PMID- 9953074
TI  - Spontaneous 14C emission from 223Ra.

PMID- 9953077
TI  - Influence of the N=50 shell closure on mean square charge radii of strontium.

PMID- 9953078
TI  - Accuracy of the optimal subset approximation.

PMID- 9953080
TI  - Dynamical supersymmetry U(12/4) for boson-fermion systems.

PMID- 9953079
TI  - Trinucleon magnetic moments.

PMID- 9953081
TI  - Nuclear collective response calculated with realistic forces.

PMID- 9953082
TI  - Variational Monte Carlo calculation of 16O.

PMID- 9953083
TI  - Finite temperature effects and phase transitions in the pairing force problem:
      Variational approach.

PMID- 9953084
TI  - Nuclear structure of Sr, Zr, and Mo isotopes.

PMID- 9953085
TI  - Proton-neutron occupancies of spherical shells in the ground states of some
      doubly even 2p-1f shell nuclei.

PMID- 9953086
TI  - Boson expansion theory in the seniority scheme.

PMID- 9953087
TI  - Ground-state properties of nuclear matter using the Lambda approximations of the
      Green's function theory.

PMID- 9953088
TI  - Level structure and E2 strength from the 31P(n, gamma )32P reaction.

PMID- 9953089
TI  - Elastic scattering of 0.8 GeV protons from the non-zero-spin nuclei 13C and 14N.

PMID- 9953090
TI  - 3H(p

PMID- 9953091
TI  - Ground state M1 transition strength of the 1.115 MeV level in 65Cu.

PMID- 9953092
TI  - Search for a direct large-cluster-transfer process in the 12,13C(20Ne, alpha )
      reaction.

PMID- 9953094
TI  - Analytic heavy-ion potentials.

PMID- 9953093
TI  - Off-shell properties of the Paris nucleon-nucleon potential and implications for
      few-body systems.

PMID- 9953096
TI  - Effects of the Pauli principle on the 16O

PMID- 9953095
TI  - Distribution of charge and matter in nuclei: Charge density difference of 206Pb
      and 205Tl.

PMID- 9953097
TI  - Neutrino reactions in 13C and the behavior of the axial current form factor.

PMID- 9953098
TI  - Effect of fission following incomplete fusion on the interpretation of fission
      fragment angular distributions in heavy-ion fusion reactions.

PMID- 9953099
TI  - Electric hexadecupole transition strength in 32S and shell-model predictions for
      E4 systematics in the sd shell.

PMID- 9953101
TI  - Sensitivity of beta - gamma circular polarization measurements to a possible
      right-handed current presence in the weak interaction.

PMID- 9953100
TI  - Coulomb corrections to alpha - alpha phase shifts.

PMID- 9953102
TI  - Simple estimates of excitation energy sharing between heavy and light fragments
      in heavy-ion reactions.

PMID- 9953103
TI  - Heavy cluster decay of trans-zirconium "stable" nuclides.

PMID- 9953105
TI  - Absorption cross sections and the use of complex potentials in coupled-channels
      models.

PMID- 9953104
TI  - Effect of the nuclear surface on a propagating density pulse.

PMID- 9953106
TI  - Comment on "Negative-parity alpha clusters in 19F"

PMID- 9953107
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Negative-parity alpha clusters in 19F' "

PMID- 9953108
TI  - Large-angle elastic scattering of pi + and pi - from 16O at 114 MeV.

PMID- 9953109
TI  - g bosons and the third 4(+) state in 192Os.

PMID- 9953110
TI  - Search for admixture of heavy neutrinos with masses between 5 and 55 keV.

PMID- 9953111
TI  - Structure of high-spin proton states in 208Pb.

PMID- 9953112
TI  - Measurements of elastic neutron scattering from sup12C and 32S at 30.3 and 40.3
      MeV: Limits on charge symmetry breaking in the nuclear mean field.

PMID- 9953113
TI  - Compound nucleus fluctuation cross section in the intermediate coupling regime
      Gamma -bar/D-bar

PMID- 9953114
TI  - Energy dependence of deformation parameters in the 12C(p

PMID- 9953115
TI  - Energy dependence of 24Mg(p

PMID- 9953116
TI  - Proton stripping to 6(-) stretched states of 26Al.

PMID- 9953117
TI  - Nuclear matter density effects in monopole transitions.

PMID- 9953118
TI  - Two-body photodisintegration of 4He in the 100-360 MeV region.

PMID- 9953119
TI  - Three-body model of the optical potential for particle-nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9953120
TI  - Neutron total cross section in Ca and Fe at 35.3, 40.3, and 50.4 MeV.

PMID- 9953121
TI  - 74,76,78,80,82Se by inelastic scattering of 64.8 MeV protons.

PMID- 9953123
TI  - Reactions 50Cr(p, gamma )51Mn and 50Cr(p,p' gamma )50Cr from 1.7 to 2.5 MeV.

PMID- 9953122
TI  - Particle emission associated with deep inelastic alpha -particle scattering at 35
      MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9953124
TI  - Resolution of the nature of the coupling in subthreshold fission in 238U+n.

PMID- 9953125
TI  - High-spin gamma -ray spectroscopy in 197Bi.

PMID- 9953126
TI  - Preequilibrium neutron emission in fusion of 165Ho+12C at 25 MeV per nucleon.

PMID- 9953127
TI  - Photon bremsstrahlung from ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9953128
TI  - Model for fusion and cool compound nucleus formation based on the fragmentation
      theory.

PMID- 9953129
TI  - Decay of excited projectile residues into complex fragments.

PMID- 9953130
TI  - Effects of entrance channel and compound nucleus in the fusion cross sections for
      28Si

PMID- 9953131
TI  - Few-nucleon transfer in quasi-elastic collisions at 20 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9953132
TI  - Phenomenological consequences of a hypothetical light neutral particle in heavy
      ion collisions.

PMID- 9953133
TI  - Low energy pi + inelastic scattering from nuclei to the continuum.

PMID- 9953134
TI  - Theoretical antideuteron-nucleus absorptive cross sections.
AB  - Antideuteron-nucleus absorptive cross sections for intermediate to high energies
      are calculated using an ion-ion optical model.  Good agreement with experiment
      (within 15 percent) is obtained in this same model for mean p-nucleus cross
      sections at laboratory energies up to 15 GeV.  We describe a technique for
      estimating antinucleus-nucleus cross sections from N mean N data and suggest that
      further cosmic ray studies to search for antideuterons and other antinuclei be
      undertaken.

PMID- 9953135
TI  - Spin-rotation parameter Q for 800 MeV proton elastic scattering from 16O, 40Ca,
      and 208Pb.

PMID- 9953137
TI  - Problem of backward proton production.

PMID- 9953138
TI  - Estimate of the pionic contribution to very forward electron scattering from 3He
      by surprisal analysis.

PMID- 9953136
TI  - Medium energy probes and the interacting boson model of nuclei.

PMID- 9953139
TI  - Pion single charge exchange angular distributions at T pi =48 MeV.

PMID- 9953140
TI  - Relativistic treatment of p

PMID- 9953141
TI  - Photoactivation of isomeric levels in 113In and 87Sr.

PMID- 9953142
TI  - Shell-model calculation of 99Tc beta decay in astrophysical environments.

PMID- 9953143
TI  - R-matrix analysis of the beta +/--delayed alpha spectra from the decay of 8Li and
      8B.

PMID- 9953145
TI  - Shape transition in Os and Pt isotopes.

PMID- 9953144
TI  - Thermostatic properties of nuclear matter at low temperature in a saturating
      chiral field theory.

PMID- 9953146
TI  - Interacting boson model with surface delta interaction between nucleons:
      Structure and interaction of bosons.

PMID- 9953147
TI  - Skyrme-force parametrization: Least-squares fit to nuclear ground-state
      properties.

PMID- 9953148
TI  - Elastic vibrational approach to giant resonances of deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9953149
TI  - Determination of the neutron and proton effective charges in the quadrupole
      operator of nuclear collective models.

PMID- 9953150
TI  - Coulomb excitation of 157Gd.

PMID- 9953151
TI  - Spin distribution of compound nucleus formed by near-barrier fusion.

PMID- 9953152
TI  - Nucleon-nucleon final state interactions in NN-->NN pi.

PMID- 9953154
TI  - Determination of an effective radius from the gamma-ray multiplicities in fusion
      reactions.

PMID- 9953155
TI  - Coherent damping of excitations in nuclear collisions from the energy-weighted
      inelastic sum rule.

PMID- 9953153
TI  - Theoretical estimates of photoproduction cross sections for neutral subthreshold
      pions in carbon-carbon collisions.
AB  - Using the Weizsacher-Williams method of virtual quanta, total cross section
      estimates for the photoproduction of neutral subthreshold pions in carbon-carbon
      collisions at incident energies below 300 MeV/nucleon are made.  Comparisons with
      recent experimental data indicate that the photoproduction mechanism makes an
      insignificant contribution to these measured cross sections.

PMID- 9953157
TI  - Novel aspects of the carbon-decay mode of radium.

PMID- 9953156
TI  - Erratum: Fusion-energy reaction 2H(t,a)n from Et=12.5 to 117 keV

PMID- 9953158
TI  - Quadrupole moment of 107Agm determined by level mixing resonance on oriented
      nuclei.

PMID- 9953159
TI  - Level structure and electromagnetic properties in 212Ra.

PMID- 9953160
TI  - Quantum mechanical signature in exclusive coherent pion production.
AB  - We calculate the coherent production of pions from subthreshold to relativistic
      energies in heavy-ion collisions using a quantum, microscopic, many-body model. 
      For the first time, in this approach, we use harmonic oscillator wave functions
      to describe shell-model information.  The theoretical quantum mechanical results
      obtained for the pion spectra represent an important improvement over our
      previous microscopic, many-body calculations.

PMID- 9953161
TI  - Nucleon-deuteron doublet scattering lengths with three-nucleon potentials.

PMID- 9953162
TI  - 4He(p

PMID- 9953164
TI  - Charge-symmetry breaking in neutron-proton scattering: Isospin-mixing parameter.

PMID- 9953163
TI  - Triad of three-particle Lippmann-Schwinger equations.

PMID- 9953165
TI  - Optimal approximation to elastic and inelastic scattering on a bound nucleon
      system.

PMID- 9953166
TI  - Separable representation of the Bonn nucleon-nucleon potential.

PMID- 9953167
TI  - Optical model calculation of elastic and charge exchange scattering of protons
      from trinucleons.

PMID- 9953168
TI  - Separable approximation to the NN Paris potential in the framework of the Bethe
      Salpeter equation.

PMID- 9953169
TI  - Iteration-subtraction method for scattering equations compared with continued
      fractions method.

PMID- 9953170
TI  - Exit doorways and intermediate structure resonances.

PMID- 9953171
TI  - Neutron inelastic scattering from 54,56Fe.

PMID- 9953172
TI  - Formulation of elastic and inelastic breakup-fusion reactions.

PMID- 9953173
TI  - Search for superheavy elements in damped collisions between 238U and 248Cm.

PMID- 9953175
TI  - High-spin states of 97Rh.

PMID- 9953174
TI  - Selectivity in 13C(6Li,p)18O.

PMID- 9953177
TI  - Heavy systems at intermediate energies in the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck
      approach.

PMID- 9953176
TI  - Fusion-fission dynamics at high excitation energies studied by neutron emission.

PMID- 9953178
TI  - Nuclear interferometry and thermal freeze out.

PMID- 9953180
TI  - Fission fragment angular distributions.

PMID- 9953179
TI  - Cross sections for the production of 11C in C targets by 20Ne and 56Fe at
      relativistic energies.

PMID- 9953181
TI  - Fitting scenarios in a simple theoretical approach to 1s level shifts in pionic
      atoms.

PMID- 9953183
TI  - pi +d--> pi

PMID- 9953182
TI  - pi +d--> pi

PMID- 9953184
TI  - pi 0 eta and pi 0 eta ' mixing and the reaction d

PMID- 9953185
TI  - Hybrid quark-hadron model of Lambda nonmesonic decay: Finite nuclei.

PMID- 9953187
TI  - Calculation of the ( Delta -h, p-h) Landau parameter g Delta ' from a many-body
      Hamiltonian including pi and Delta degrees of freedom.

PMID- 9953186
TI  - Triple-differential cross sections of the ( pi +,pp) reaction on lithium
      isotopes.

PMID- 9953188
TI  - Relativistic plane-wave impulse approximation for nuclear inelastic scattering of
      protons and electrons.

PMID- 9953190
TI  - Model-independent error analysis of K+-nucleus elastic scattering.

PMID- 9953189
TI  - Pion-induced pion production on the deuteron.

PMID- 9953191
TI  - Nonmesonic nucleon decay in nuclei.

PMID- 9953193
TI  - Summed strength and signature properties of magnetic multipole excitations in a
      single j shell.

PMID- 9953192
TI  - Shape coexistence and level structure of 100Zr from decay of the low-spin isomer
      of 100Y.

PMID- 9953194
TI  - Microscopic calculations in the A=6 system.

PMID- 9953195
TI  - Clustered quark matter.

PMID- 9953196
TI  - Relativistic effects in three-body bound states.

PMID- 9953197
TI  - Model-space nuclear matter calculations with the Paris nucleon-nucleon potential.

PMID- 9953198
TI  - 3He(p

PMID- 9953200
TI  - Equivalent local Dirac potentials and nuclear magnetic moments.

PMID- 9953199
TI  - Major mechanism of photoactivation for the 115In( gamma, gamma ') 115Inm process
      by 60Co gamma -ray irradiation.

PMID- 9953202
TI  - Exclusion effect of a strong, short-range, attractive real potential.

PMID- 9953201
TI  - Comparison of K-p bound state calculations.

PMID- 9953203
TI  - Simultaneous electromagnetic enhancement of nuclear beta decay and internal
      conversion.

PMID- 9953204
TI  - Production of neutral pions in heavy-ion collisions at Elab

PMID- 9953206
TI  - Macroscopic limit of the microscopic SU(3)

PMID- 9953205
TI  - Spin-flip decomposition of the spectrum for 90Zr(p,n) at Ep

PMID- 9953207
TI  - Electroexcitation of isoscalar states in sup16O.

PMID- 9953209
TI  - Four-body calculation of the breakup reaction 3He(p,pd)1H.

PMID- 9953208
TI  - Role of the Delta (1232) in the ( gamma,p) reaction.

PMID- 9953210
TI  - Resonant E2 capture into the 8Be ground state.

PMID- 9953211
TI  - Multipole collectivity in 168Er from inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9953212
TI  - Convergence of distorted wave methods: Theory and a simple example.

PMID- 9953213
TI  - Two-component exciton model: Basic formalism away from shell closures.

PMID- 9953215
TI  - Isovector deformation parameters from coupled-channel analysis of (p,n)
      reactions.

PMID- 9953214
TI  - Inelastic scattering of 65-MeV polarized protons from 178Hf, 180Hf, 182W, and
      184W and multipole moments of the optical potential.

PMID- 9953216
TI  - Test of the triaxial rotor model and the interacting boson fermion approximation
      model description of collective states in 191Ir.

PMID- 9953217
TI  - Intranuclear cascade models lack dynamic flow.

PMID- 9953218
TI  - Constrained-phase-space approach to spin alignment in deep-inelastic heavy-ion
      collisions.

PMID- 9953219
TI  - Fast and slow processes in the fragmentation of 238U by 85 MeV/nucleon 12C.

PMID- 9953220
TI  - Pion production in inelastic and central nuclear collisions at high energy.

PMID- 9953221
TI  - Quantal and semiclassical methods in relativistic electromagnetic excitation.

PMID- 9953223
TI  - Angular distributions and mechanisms for light fragment formation in relativistic
      heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9953222
TI  - 7Li+12C: Excitation of projectile and target states and single-nucleon stripping.

PMID- 9953224
TI  - Multinucleon transfer reactions with 7Li

PMID- 9953225
TI  - Pion production in heavy ion collisions near absolute thresholds.

PMID- 9953226
TI  - Triton and alpha emission in the thermal-neutron-induced ternary fission of 233U,
      235U, 239Pu, and 241Pu.

PMID- 9953228
TI  - Fragment shell effect in low energy fission: Independent yields of technetium
      isotopes in the thermal-neutron-induced fission of 239Pu.

PMID- 9953227
TI  - Nuclear friction and lifetime of induced fission.

PMID- 9953230
TI  - Pion production cross sections and analyzing powers in the inclusive 12C(p, pi
      +)X reaction at 400 and 450 MeV.

PMID- 9953229
TI  - Pion optical potential with Delta dynamics.

PMID- 9953233
TI  - Sum rules for the longitudinal response in inclusive electron scattering.

PMID- 9953232
TI  - Pion absorption on nuclei at 65 MeV.

PMID- 9953231
TI  - Covariant time-ordered perturbation theory.

PMID- 9953234
TI  - Energy dependence of the 6Li(p, Delta ++)6He reaction.

PMID- 9953235
TI  - Electric monopole transitions in 102Ru.

PMID- 9953236
TI  - Magnetic moments of the 21+ states in 146,148Ce.

PMID- 9953237
TI  - Isomerism in 148Pr and the low-lying levels of 148Nd.

PMID- 9953239
TI  - Symmetric and antisymmetric states: A general feature of two-component systems.

PMID- 9953240
TI  - Quark cluster probabilities in nuclei.

PMID- 9953238
TI  - Adequacy of the boson basis and the identification of spurious states.

PMID- 9953241
TI  - Color-dielectric model as an explanation of the Nolen-Schiffer anomaly.

PMID- 9953242
TI  - Reanalysis of nuclear level widths from particle-x-ray coincidence experiments.

PMID- 9953243
TI  - Angular distributions for 14C,26Mg( pi +, pi -).

PMID- 9953245
TI  - Photon scattering by gamma -soft nuclei.

PMID- 9953244
TI  - Coexistence models for the 01+ and 02+ states in Ge isotopes.

PMID- 9953246
TI  - Amount of breathing mode admixture in the first excited state of 4He.

PMID- 9953247
TI  - Effective radii of light composites produced in relativistic heavy ion
      collisions.

PMID- 9953248
TI  - Spin structure of (1/2)+1-->(1/2)+0; the reaction p

PMID- 9953249
TI  - Comment on the A dependence of antiproton nuclear absorption cross sections.

PMID- 9953251
TI  - Relativistic nuclear model and 0(+)

PMID- 9953250
TI  - Comment on "Exact boson mappings for the nuclear neutron (proton) p shell with
      the symmetry SO(7)

PMID- 9953252
TI  - Reply to the Comment "Relativistic nuclear model and 0(+)

PMID- 9953254
TI  - Band structure change in Z>50 region: Doubly odd 120,122Cs and 126,128La.

PMID- 9953253
TI  - Erratum: Boltzmann equation for heavy ion collisions

PMID- 9953255
TI  - Global transverse momentum analysis for Ar+KCl and Ar+BaI2 at 1.2 GeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9953257
TI  - Multiple-scattering effects in electron-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9953256
TI  - Isoscalar monopole and dipole strength between 10 and 20 MeV in 24Mg from
      inelastic alpha scattering at and around 0 degrees.

PMID- 9953258
TI  - Coupled-channel analysis of nucleon scattering from sup40Ca up to 80 MeV.

PMID- 9953259
TI  - Low-energy level structure of 151Sm by neutron capture reactions and theoretical
      interpretation.

PMID- 9953260
TI  - Direct calculation of the S matrix for scattering of charged particles.

PMID- 9953262
TI  - Deuteron-proton breakup reaction at Ed

PMID- 9953261
TI  - Test of time reversal invariance in p-p elastic scattering at 198.5 MeV.

PMID- 9953264
TI  - Alternative formulation of post-form distorted-wave Born approximation theory of
      nuclear breakup.

PMID- 9953263
TI  - Pseudostate calculations in n+t and p+3He systems.

PMID- 9953265
TI  - Measurement of the branching ratio 3H(d, gamma )/3H(d,n) using thick tritium gas
      targets.

PMID- 9953267
TI  - Cross sections for the Ti(p,n) reaction to analogs of ground and 2+ excited
      states.

PMID- 9953266
TI  - Optical potential approach in scattering of hadrons from light nuclei.

PMID- 9953268
TI  - Medium spin states in 83Kr.

PMID- 9953270
TI  - Elastic magnetic scattering on 51V.

PMID- 9953269
TI  - Siegert's theorem and nuclear electrodisintegration.

PMID- 9953272
TI  - Knockout and knockout-fusion contributions to the (p,p')-type singles cross
      sections.

PMID- 9953271
TI  - Microscopic calculation of neutrino capture rates in 69,71Ga and the detection of
      solar and galactic neutrinos.

PMID- 9953273
TI  - 12C+17O reaction.

PMID- 9953274
TI  - Experimental evidence and the Landau-Zener promotion in nucleus-nucleus
      collisions.

PMID- 9953275
TI  - Pion production as a test of nuclear matter properties.

PMID- 9953276
TI  - Direct and compound components of the 27Al(6Li, alpha )29Si reaction at 32 MeV.

PMID- 9953278
TI  - Two-particle correlation functions in the thermal model and nuclear
      interferometry descriptions.

PMID- 9953277
TI  - Liquid-gas phase separation in nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9953279
TI  - Experimental search for nonfusion yield in the heavy residues emitted in the
      11B+12C reaction.

PMID- 9953280
TI  - Actinide production in reactions of heavy ions with 248Cm.

PMID- 9953281
TI  - Quasi-elastic processes in the 28Si+40Ca reaction at 225 MeV.

PMID- 9953282
TI  - Mechanism of the heavy-ion charge exchange reaction 12C(12C,12N)12B at 35
      MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9953284
TI  - Simplex splitting in the light actinides.

PMID- 9953283
TI  - Stopping of heavy nuclei in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9953286
TI  - Coupled cluster description of pion-nucleon systems.

PMID- 9953285
TI  - Virtual photon theory in electrofission.

PMID- 9953287
TI  - Capture of medium-energy positrons in deuterium.

PMID- 9953288
TI  - Parity violation in deuteron electrodisintegration near threshold with a (0.5
      4.0) GeV electron beam.

PMID- 9953289
TI  - 18O(p

PMID- 9953290
TI  - Pauli-principle effects in pion scattering from the lightest nuclei.

PMID- 9953291
TI  - Pion-nucleon charge exchange and scattering at low energies.

PMID- 9953292
TI  - Pion production: A probe for coherence in medium-energy heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9953293
TI  - 67Li( pi +,pd)3,4He reactions at 59.4 MeV.

PMID- 9953294
TI  - Coupled-channel effects in low-energy elastic pion scattering.

PMID- 9953295
TI  - Bag model with diffuse surface.

PMID- 9953296
TI  - Elastic pi + and pi - scattering on 14C at 164 MeV.

PMID- 9953297
TI  - Magnetic moments of the (3/2)1- and (5/2)1- states in 107,109Ag.

PMID- 9953298
TI  - Hole-hole and hole-particle representations of the dynamical symmetries of odd
      odd nuclei.

PMID- 9953299
TI  - Exchange effects in the interacting boson-fermion model.

PMID- 9953300
TI  - Test of the proton-neutron interacting boson-fermion model in the region around
      A=190.

PMID- 9953301
TI  - Particle-hole interacting boson approximation applied to 56Ni.

PMID- 9953302
TI  - Unbroken SU(3) symmetry and the relation of interacting-boson-model parameters
      with the shell model.

PMID- 9953303
TI  - 40Ca( gamma,p0)39K reaction for E gamma =100-300 MeV.

PMID- 9953305
TI  - Signs of the quadrupole moments of the 8(+) isomers in 88,90Zr.

PMID- 9953304
TI  - Incomplete mass transfer in 12C and 14N reactions on medium-heavy targets at 15
      and 30 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9953306
TI  - Search for the E5(51--->02+) transition in 90Zr.

PMID- 9953308
TI  - Multipole moments for 12C from coupled channels analysis of 0.8 and 1.0 GeV
      proton scattering.

PMID- 9953307
TI  - g9/2 single particle state in 28Si.

PMID- 9953310
TI  - Importance of third- and higher-order virtual nuclear excitation contributions to
      the nucleon-nucleus interaction.

PMID- 9953309
TI  - Nucleon-nucleon force in a skyrmion model stabilized by omega exchange.

PMID- 9953311
TI  - Erratum: Backward cross section in the generalized exciton model

PMID- 9953312
TI  - Large angle correlations in 40 MeV/nucleon 12C

PMID- 9953313
TI  - Evidence for h11/2 neutron alignment in band crossings for the transitional mass
      100 nuclei.

PMID- 9953314
TI  - Transfer cross sections from reactions with 254Es as a target.

PMID- 9953315
TI  - Nuclear effects in electroproduction.

PMID- 9953316
TI  - Quasimolecular resonances in terms of dipole and quadrupole interacting bosons.

PMID- 9953318
TI  - Configuration mixing in preequilibrium reactions: A new look at the hybrid
      exciton controversy.

PMID- 9953317
TI  - Validity of macroscopic models for the sup3He( alpha, gamma )7Be electric-dipole
      capture reaction.

PMID- 9953319
TI  - Determination of nonlocal potentials from the phase shifts.

PMID- 9953321
TI  - Collective aspects of 91Zr by (d,d') scattering at 17 MeV.

PMID- 9953320
TI  - Gamow separable approximations for realistic N-N interactions: Single channel
      case.

PMID- 9953322
TI  - Coulomb correction effect in Delbruck scattering and atomic Rayleigh scattering
      of 1-4 MeV photons.

PMID- 9953323
TI  - Semimicroscopic calculations of elastic, inelastic, and total neutron scattering
      by 239Pu in the energy range 10 keV <= En <=

PMID- 9953324
TI  - Elastic scattering of protons from 40,42,44,48Ca from 20 to 50 MeV and nuclear
      matter radii.

PMID- 9953325
TI  - Microscopic model for nuclear breakup in heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9953326
TI  - Excited states in neutron-deficient 195Bi.

PMID- 9953327
TI  - Comparison of 6Li- and 7Li-induced fusion cross sections on 16O.

PMID- 9953329
TI  - Analytical study of nuclear mean field effects in high-energy nucleus-nucleus
      collisions.

PMID- 9953328
TI  - Electromagnetic dissociation of 59Co, 89Y, and 197Au targets by relativistic
      heavy ions to Z=26.

PMID- 9953330
TI  - Potential barriers and Landau-Zener promotion in the inelastic excitation of 17O
      by 13C ions.

PMID- 9953332
TI  - Fragmentation in the mechanical instability region.

PMID- 9953331
TI  - Sub-barrier fusion of the oxygen isotopes: A more complete picture.

PMID- 9953334
TI  - Preequilibrium analysis of exclusive neutron spectra following nuclear capture of
      stopped pions.

PMID- 9953333
TI  - Medium effects in photopion reactions.

PMID- 9953335
TI  - Pion absorption on 3He at T pi =62.5 and 82.8 MeV.

PMID- 9953336
TI  - Identification and decay of neutron-rich 102Sr and level structure of A~100 Y
      nuclei.

PMID- 9953338
TI  - Faddeev calculations of the 2 pi -3N force contribution to the 3H binding energy.

PMID- 9953337
TI  - Experimental mass excess of 49K and 50K.

PMID- 9953339
TI  - Delta isobars in finite nuclei and nuclear matter.

PMID- 9953340
TI  - Application of a number-conserving boson expansion theory to Ginocchio's SO(8)
      model.

PMID- 9953341
TI  - Three-body mesonic retardation effect.

PMID- 9953342
TI  - Boson-fermion hybrid representation of the antisymmetrizer and an effective
      Hamiltonian in hybrid space.

PMID- 9953344
TI  - Onset of helium-fragment scaling in heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9953343
TI  - g factors of the lowest (5/2)+ and (7/2)+ states in 197Au and calibration of the
      transient magnetic field in Gd.

PMID- 9953346
TI  - Absolute 12C( gamma,p

PMID- 9953345
TI  - Influence of giant dipole resonance structure on elastic gamma-ray scattering
      from 209Bi.

PMID- 9953347
TI  - 0(-) state at low excitation energy in 26Al.

PMID- 9953348
TI  - Measurement of the pi d

PMID- 9953349
TI  - Angular correlation measurements in the 27Al(16O, alpha 12C) reaction at 65 MeV
      bombarding energy.

PMID- 9953350
TI  - Random-phase-approximation calculations and residual interactions in the sigma
      tau channel.

PMID- 9953351
TI  - Rapid calculation of exact spin distributions of multilevel configurations.

PMID- 9953352
TI  - Lorentz-Lorenz effect and the Kemmer-Duffin-Petiau equation.

PMID- 9953353
TI  - Monoenergetic positron conversion in heavy ion fragments.

PMID- 9953354
TI  - Nuclei far off stability in the NpN

PMID- 9953355
TI  - Asymmetry and angular distribution of deuteron photodisintegration in the 20-60
      MeV range.

PMID- 9953356
TI  - Giant resonance coupling and l-dependent potentials for 16O.

PMID- 9953357
TI  - Phenomenological fit to deuteron photodisintegration data in the medium energy
      region.

PMID- 9953359
TI  - Parity violating asymmetries in the scattering of transversely polarized protons.

PMID- 9953358
TI  - Comparison of the standard Paris potential and its separable representation in
      the nuclear matter problem.

PMID- 9953361
TI  - Erratum: Collective M states in the classical limit of the neutron-proton
      interacting boson model

PMID- 9953360
TI  - Reply to "Parity violating asymmetries in the scattering of transversely
      polarized protons"

PMID- 9953362
TI  - Evidence for a coexisting four-particle, four-hole band in doubly closed subshell
      96Zr.

PMID- 9953363
TI  - Measurement of pi +/ pi - cross section ratio for the giant quadrupole resonance
      in 208Pb.

PMID- 9953364
TI  - Breakup of Ne at 11 and 15 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9953366
TI  - Few channel models of nuclear reactions: Proton and deuteron elastic scattering
      expansions.

PMID- 9953365
TI  - Intermediate and weak coupling in 219Ra.

PMID- 9953367
TI  - Few channel models of nuclear reactions: Distorted-wave Born approximation for
      light-ion-induced transfer processes.

PMID- 9953368
TI  - Approximations for the treatment of final state interactions in nuclear knockout
      form factors.

PMID- 9953369
TI  - Deep inelastic separated response functions from 40Ca and 48Ca.

PMID- 9953370
TI  - Inelastic electron scattering from collective levels of 154Gd.

PMID- 9953372
TI  - Polarization transfer and the spin-parity composition of the charge-exchange
      continuum.

PMID- 9953371
TI  - Electroexcitation of giant multipole resonances in 63Cu.

PMID- 9953373
TI  - Nuclear structure effects in preequilibrium reactions: alpha -induced reactions
      on 24,25,26Mg, 27Al, and 28Si.

PMID- 9953374
TI  - Cross section and analyzing power measurements for the giant resonance region in
      208Pb with 200-MeV protons.

PMID- 9953375
TI  - Statistical decay of giant resonances.

PMID- 9953376
TI  - Search for structure in the fusion of 28Si+28,30Si and 30Si+30Si.

PMID- 9953377
TI  - One-nucleon-transfer reactions induced by 352-MeV 18O on 28Si.

PMID- 9953378
TI  - Production of cold target-like fragments in the reaction of 48Ca+248Cm.

PMID- 9953379
TI  - Evolving collectivity at high spins in 157Er, 158Er, and 159Er.

PMID- 9953381
TI  - Double NN scattering effects in the ion-ion interaction at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9953380
TI  - Lambda 0 nonpolarization: Possible signature of quark matter.

PMID- 9953383
TI  - Fusion, transfer, and elastic scattering at sub-barrier energies for 16,18O ions
      on 208Pb and 15N and 16O ions on 209Bi.

PMID- 9953382
TI  - Search for superdeformation effects in 144Gd.

PMID- 9953384
TI  - Projection operator method for resonances in repulsive core potentials.

PMID- 9953385
TI  - Heavy ion peripheral collisions at relativistic energies: Theory of giant
      quadrupole excitation.

PMID- 9953387
TI  - Inelastic proton excitation of high-lying giant resonances.

PMID- 9953386
TI  - Macroscopic model of rotating nuclei.

PMID- 9953388
TI  - Relativistic effects on spin observables in quasielastic proton scattering.

PMID- 9953390
TI  - Relativistic one-pion-exchange potentials.

PMID- 9953389
TI  - Subthreshold K+ production on many-quark configurations in nuclei.

PMID- 9953391
TI  - Reaction p+12C-->13C+ micro++ nu micro and the weak form factors in the timelike
      region.

PMID- 9953392
TI  - Low equation, pion-nucleon scattering, and Castillejo-Dalitz-Dyson pole.

PMID- 9953393
TI  - Pion single charge exchange on 14C from 35 to 295 MeV.

PMID- 9953395
TI  - Solar neutrinos from the decay of 8B.

PMID- 9953394
TI  - Relativistic three-body approach to NN scattering at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9953398
TI  - Decay of 7.3-min 235Th and 24.6-min 235Pa.

PMID- 9953397
TI  - 234U excited states fed in the beta decay of 234Pa.

PMID- 9953396
TI  - Distortion in the beta -decay spectrum for low electron kinetic energies.

PMID- 9953399
TI  - Characterization of isomers in 158Ho.

PMID- 9953400
TI  - Half-life limit for 48Ca(2 beta -)48Ti(02+,2997).

PMID- 9953402
TI  - K-shell ionization in the beta decay of 141Ce.

PMID- 9953401
TI  - Mechanism of pion double charge exchange at T pi =292 MeV.

PMID- 9953403
TI  - Magnetic moment and lifetime of the 127 keV state in 101Ru.

PMID- 9953405
TI  - Nuclear reactions of silver with 0.8-TeV protons.

PMID- 9953404
TI  - Spin-dipole isovector resonances in 12C and 6Li by positive photopion production.

PMID- 9953406
TI  - Valence proton orbit radii and total rms charge radii in the tin region.

PMID- 9953407
TI  - Effect of variation of the single particle energies in the structure of N=82
      isotones.

PMID- 9953409
TI  - Nuclear wave function considerations in pion photoproduction.

PMID- 9953408
TI  - Collective flow in Ar+KCl at 1.8 GeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9953410
TI  - 26Al(n,p)26Mg reaction: Comparison between the Hauser-Feshbach formula and the
      exact random-matrix result for the cross section.

PMID- 9953412
TI  - 4H and (n, alpha x) reactions on 6Li and 7Li.

PMID- 9953411
TI  - Rotational band structure in 133Pr.

PMID- 9953413
TI  - Thermalization in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions: Parton cascade
      approach.

PMID- 9953414
TI  - Application of a hot spot model to fragment emission from pion true absorption.

PMID- 9953416
TI  - Three remarks on the 3s proton.

PMID- 9953415
TI  - Temperature-induced deformation in 148Sm.

PMID- 9953417
TI  - U

PMID- 9953418
TI  - Calculation of the one-photon decay rate of the polyelectron P++-

PMID- 9953419
TI  - Alternative interpretations of the many-particle Lippmann-Schwinger equation.

PMID- 9953420
TI  - Higher order perturbation treatment of three-nucleon forces in the Faddeev
      equations.

PMID- 9953421
TI  - Microscopic theory of the 4He system with multichannel resonating-group method.

PMID- 9953423
TI  - Anomalous absorption of proton partial waves by the optical potential.

PMID- 9953422
TI  - 4He D-state effects in the 2H(d, gamma )4He reaction at low energies.

PMID- 9953424
TI  - Giant resonance structure in 208Pb measured using the (p,p') reaction at 334 MeV.

PMID- 9953425
TI  - Interaction of 5-50 MeV/nucleon 3He and 4He with 59Co.

PMID- 9953427
TI  - Complex scaling in the description of nuclear resonances.

PMID- 9953426
TI  - Particle-hole strength excited in the 40Ca(p,n)40Sc reaction at 134 MeV.

PMID- 9953428
TI  - Pairing effects and multistep direct and compound emission in the 92-100Mo(p,xn)
      reactions.

PMID- 9953429
TI  - Calculation of mass yields for proton-nucleus spallation reactions.

PMID- 9953430
TI  - Global analysis of the intranuclear cascade model.

PMID- 9953431
TI  - High-spin (f7/2)A-40 states in 47Ti, 47Sc, 44Ca, 45Ca, and 48Ti via 36S+14C
      fusion-evaporation reactions.

PMID- 9953432
TI  - Resonances in the low-energy 13C+13C spectrum.

PMID- 9953434
TI  - Light fragment production in the interaction of 84 MeV/nucleon 12C with 208Pb.

PMID- 9953433
TI  - Incomplete fusion in the 40Ar+68Zn reaction: Trends and limits.

PMID- 9953435
TI  - Disassembly of hot classical charged drops.

PMID- 9953436
TI  - Influence of shape fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9953437
TI  - Pion interferometry predictions for relativistic heavy-ion collisions using the
      intranuclear cascade model.

PMID- 9953439
TI  - Effect of nuclear dissipation on neutron emission prior to fission.

PMID- 9953438
TI  - Fusion cross section of the 16O+13C reaction.

PMID- 9953440
TI  - Fission fragment properties in fast-neutron-induced fission of 237Np.

PMID- 9953441
TI  - Delta N interaction and pi d observables.

PMID- 9953443
TI  - Effect of pi pi interactions in pi N scattering.

PMID- 9953442
TI  - Elastic scattering of polarized protons from 3He at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9953445
TI  - Energy dependence of the low energy pion-nucleus optical potential.

PMID- 9953444
TI  - Relativistic dynamics of spin-one particles and deuteron-nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9953447
TI  - Operator

PMID- 9953446
TI  - Effects of nuclear correlations on low-energy pion charge-exchange scattering.

PMID- 9953448
TI  - Geometry and time scales of self-consistent orbits in a modified SU(2) model.

PMID- 9953449
TI  - Test of forbidden state NN potential in the 3N system.

PMID- 9953450
TI  - Collective systematics in the mass 80 region.

PMID- 9953451
TI  - Giant quadrupole resonance in rotating light nuclei in the calcium region.

PMID- 9953453
TI  - Intermediate and compound structure in the 16O+16O system.

PMID- 9953452
TI  - Direct contributions to the decay of isoscalar giant resonances in 58Ni.

PMID- 9953454
TI  - Strong anomaly in the d-p bremsstrahlung.

PMID- 9953455
TI  - Nuclear macroscopic properties and pionic exchange currents in (e,e'

PMID- 9953456
TI  - Effect of final-state interactions in tritium beta decay.

PMID- 9953457
TI  - Hole-transition rates in a Fermi gas model.

PMID- 9953458
TI  - Anomaly in spectra of 105Pd and 103Ru.

PMID- 9953459
TI  - Screening of the tensor force in the isoscalar M1 state in 208Pb.

PMID- 9953460
TI  - Spin-flip probability in the 12C(13C,13C')12C*(2(+)) reaction.

PMID- 9953461
TI  - F-spin multiplets and alpha transfer systematics in the interacting boson model.

PMID- 9953462
TI  - Importance of quadrupole coupling for low energy pion charge exchange reactions.

PMID- 9953463
TI  - Nucleus-nucleus potential from fusion and elastic scattering.

PMID- 9953465
TI  - Systematics of spontaneous emission of intermediate mass fragments from heavy
      nuclei.

PMID- 9953464
TI  - Comment on "Method for observation of neutrinos and antineutrinos"

PMID- 9953466
TI  - Excitation of isovector giant resonances in 27Al by heavy ion charge exchange
      reaction.

PMID- 9953467
TI  - Surface and elastic effects in isovector giant resonances.

PMID- 9953468
TI  - sup18O(p

PMID- 9953470
TI  - Analyzing power of 27Al(n

PMID- 9953469
TI  - Energy variation of the matrix element in the statistical breakup of light nuclei
      below the pion production threshold.

PMID- 9953471
TI  - Radiative neutron capture by deuterium.

PMID- 9953472
TI  - Spin dependence of the isospin-forbidden decay 8Be(Ex=27.5 MeV)-->d

PMID- 9953473
TI  - Direct E2 neutron capture in light nuclei.

PMID- 9953474
TI  - Differential cross section for the 2H( gamma,p)n reaction between 100 and 255
      MeV.

PMID- 9953475
TI  - Analyzing-power measurements in the 48Ca(p,n)48Sc reaction at 134 MeV.

PMID- 9953476
TI  - 208Pb

PMID- 9953477
TI  - Levels in 99Ru populated by the (3He,2n gamma ) reaction: Complete particle-core
      multiplets.

PMID- 9953478
TI  - 55Mn(

PMID- 9953481
TI  - Excitation function of 93Nb(

PMID- 9953479
TI  - Dependence upon mass number and neutron excess of the real part of the proton
      optical potential for mass numbers 44 <= A <= 72.

PMID- 9953480
TI  - Photon scattering from 206Pb.

PMID- 9953482
TI  - Quadrupole and hexadecapole moments of 232Th and 238U from inelastic scattering
      of 65 MeV polarized protons.

PMID- 9953483
TI  - Evaporation recoil effects: Asymmetries in neutron, projectile-fragment
      coincidences for 35 MeV/nucleon 14N

PMID- 9953484
TI  - Element distributions after binary fission of 44Ti.

PMID- 9953485
TI  - Spectroscopic study of the high-spin states in 135Pr.

PMID- 9953487
TI  - Entrance channel limit on the fusion of 28Si with 12C at high energy.

PMID- 9953486
TI  - Coincidence measurements of intermediate mass fragments produced in 32S-induced
      reactions on Ag at E/A=22.5 MeV.

PMID- 9953488
TI  - Reaction dynamics studied via positron and electron spectroscopy.

PMID- 9953490
TI  - Polarization of 12B produced in 14N-induced reactions.

PMID- 9953489
TI  - Yrast bands in 136,138Sm and 132Nd.

PMID- 9953491
TI  - Fragment angular distributions for neutron fission of 232Th.

PMID- 9953493
TI  - Elastic collisions between light nuclei and the phase variation of the nucleon
      nucleon scattering amplitude.

PMID- 9953492
TI  - (p, pi -) continuum spectra at intermediate energy in the local Fermi gas model.

PMID- 9953494
TI  - Forward-angle cross sections for pion-nucleon charge exchange between 100 and 150
      MeV/c.

PMID- 9953496
TI  - Radiative pion capture on 13C.

PMID- 9953495
TI  - Continuum polarization transfer in 500 MeV proton scattering and pionic
      collectivity in nuclei.

PMID- 9953497
TI  - Elastic scattering of 65 MeV positive and negative pions from nickel isotopes.

PMID- 9953498
TI  - y scaling and final state interactions in 3He

PMID- 9953499
TI  - Decay of 83-min 139Ba to levels of 139La and the decay of 18-min 141Ba to levels
      of 141La.

PMID- 9953501
TI  - Ground state energy of a hard-sphere Fermi fluid.

PMID- 9953500
TI  - Search for the double- beta decay of 76Ge.

PMID- 9953502
TI  - Simplified boson mappings of symplectic shell model algebras.

PMID- 9953503
TI  - Semiclassical analysis of the interacting boson model for dipole resonances.

PMID- 9953505
TI  - Electromagnetic form factors of 3He and 3H and current conservation.

PMID- 9953504
TI  - Intrinsic states for the SU(3) limit of the interacting boson model.

PMID- 9953506
TI  - Yields of fission products produced by thermal-neutron fission of 243Cm.

PMID- 9953507
TI  - Fragments of charges 3 <= Z <= 14 from 84Kr and 40Ar at relativistic energies.

PMID- 9953509
TI  - Quadrupole moment of the first excited state of 136Ba.

PMID- 9953508
TI  - Mass of 146Gd.

PMID- 9953511
TI  - Dynamical model of nuclear fission with shell effects.

PMID- 9953510
TI  - 36,38Ar(d-bar, alpha )34,36Cl reactions induced by tensor polarized deuterons.

PMID- 9953512
TI  - Mechanism for double-charge exchange in heavy ion reactions.

PMID- 9953513
TI  - Resolution of the magnetic moment problem in relativistic theories.

PMID- 9953514
TI  - Hermitian treatment of Dyson boson theory.

PMID- 9953516
TI  - Erratum: Charge-symmetry breaking in neutron-proton scattering: Isospin-mixing
      parameter

PMID- 9953515
TI  - Statistical significance of forward-backward asymmetry of the fluctuating nuclear
      angular distributions.

PMID- 9953517
TI  - Expanding pion emitting source in Ar on Pb collisions.

PMID- 9953519
TI  - Behavior of projectile fragments of 1.88 GeV/nucleon 56Fe.

PMID- 9953518
TI  - Thermal population of nuclear excited states.

PMID- 9953520
TI  - Microscopic theory of the sup3H+ alpha system with the multichannel resonating
      group method.

PMID- 9953521
TI  - Potential model calculation of proton-proton bremsstrahlung using the Paris
      potential.

PMID- 9953522
TI  - Structure of 96Ru.

PMID- 9953523
TI  - Neutron total cross section of 40Ca and cross section difference of 44Ca-40Ca.

PMID- 9953524
TI  - Analyzing powers for 207Pb(t

PMID- 9953525
TI  - Differential cross sections and analyzing powers for neutron elastic scattering
      from 89Y between 8 and 17 MeV.

PMID- 9953526
TI  - Parities of bound dipole states in 40Ar.

PMID- 9953527
TI  - Spherical optical model potential for the Re/Os stellar nucleosynthesis
      chronometer from s-wave neutrons on 186,187,188Os.

PMID- 9953528
TI  - Effect of 8Be decay on nuclear temperature measurements.

PMID- 9953530
TI  - pn to d and alpha pn to alpha d emission ratios in heavy-ion-induced reactions.

PMID- 9953531
TI  - Clues to the shapes of very hot nuclei: Calculated patterns for evaporative
      emission from deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9953529
TI  - Light particle emission in 16O-induced reactions on 12C, 27Al, and 197Au at
      E/A=25 MeV.

PMID- 9953532
TI  - Anomalous behavior of singly charged relativistic secondary particles produced in
      collisions of 16O ions with emulsion nuclei at ~2A GeV.

PMID- 9953533
TI  - Geometric interpretation of the adiabatic model for heavy-ion fusion.

PMID- 9953534
TI  - Deexcitation of the complete fusion nucleus 155Tb.

PMID- 9953536
TI  - Rayleigh's criterion for the neck stability in heavy-ion reactions and fission.

PMID- 9953535
TI  - Actinides produced by 12C + 242Pu and 16O + 238U reactions.

PMID- 9953537
TI  - Particle-bound excited state yields produced in the reaction of 181 MeV 19F
      +159Tb.

PMID- 9953538
TI  - Phase transitions in quark-gluon matter.

PMID- 9953540
TI  - Model dependence of unitary isobar model treatments of NN-->NN pi at intermediate
      energies.

PMID- 9953539
TI  - Photoexcitation mechanisms and fission of 209Bi from threshold to the Delta
      region.

PMID- 9953541
TI  - Calculation of (K-, pi ) hypernuclear yields for stopped kaons in 12C.

PMID- 9953543
TI  - Renormalized pi NN coupling constant and the P-wave phase shifts in the cloudy
      bag model.

PMID- 9953542
TI  - Random phase approximation spin-isospin nuclear response in the deep inelastic
      region.

PMID- 9953544
TI  - Delta isobar Landau-Migdal parameters and the high momentum properties of the
      spin-isospin response functions.

PMID- 9953546
TI  - Internal conversion in an intense radiation field.

PMID- 9953545
TI  - Decay of 145Cs to levels of 145Ba.

PMID- 9953547
TI  - Probe of the shell crossing at A=40 via beta decay: Experiment and theory.

PMID- 9953549
TI  - Pionic retardation effects in two-pion-exchange three-nucleon forces.

PMID- 9953548
TI  - Charge radii and moments of tin nuclei by laser spectroscopy.

PMID- 9953551
TI  - High-spin yrast levels in doubly even germanium and selenium isotopes:
      Microscopic study in the variation-after-projection approach.

PMID- 9953550
TI  - Soliton matter as a model of dense nuclear matter.

PMID- 9953552
TI  - Hot rotating toroidal nuclei.

PMID- 9953553
TI  - Microscopic description of four-body excitations in heavy nuclei.

PMID- 9953554
TI  - (p,t) reaction on even-mass cadmium nuclei: Test for the admixture of intruder
      configurations in the ground states.

PMID- 9953555
TI  - Photon interactions below 9 MeV in Ba and Ce.

PMID- 9953556
TI  - Half-life measurements for neutron-rich Ag and Cd nuclei.

PMID- 9953557
TI  - Measurement of the optical isotope shift of 82Sr.

PMID- 9953558
TI  - Angular distributions of pi + in the 10B( gamma, pi +) reaction leading to low
      lying states of 10Be.

PMID- 9953559
TI  - Electromagnetic and hadronic form factors and operators in the interacting boson
      model.

PMID- 9953560
TI  - Implications of low lying M1 strengths for interacting boson approximation
      calculations.

PMID- 9953561
TI  - Stability of the ground state of finite nuclei against neutral pion condensation.

PMID- 9953562
TI  - Isovector M1 collective excitations in light nuclei.

PMID- 9953563
TI  - Comment on "Triad of three-particle Lippmann-Schwinger equations"

PMID- 9953564
TI  - Comment on "Triad of three-particle Lippmann-Schwinger equations"

PMID- 9953566
TI  - Doubly decoupled structures in 182,184Ir.

PMID- 9953565
TI  - Erratum: Few channel models of nuclear reactions: Proton and deuteron elastic
      scattering expansions

PMID- 9953567
TI  - Identification of the first excited state in the N=Z nucleus 3264Ge32.

PMID- 9953569
TI  - Density matrix expansion for microscopic optical model potential.

PMID- 9953568
TI  - M4 excitations in 13C.

PMID- 9953570
TI  - Charge dependence of the nucleon-nucleon interaction due to pion-mass difference.

PMID- 9953571
TI  - Convergence of a separable expansion method in three-nucleon calculations.

PMID- 9953572
TI  - Analyzing powers for (p

PMID- 9953573
TI  - Momentum space Faddeev calculation for N-d scattering below the breakup
      threshold.

PMID- 9953574
TI  - Electroexcitation of M4 transitions in 17O and 18O.

PMID- 9953575
TI  - Proton scattering and the interacting boson model in the s-d shell.

PMID- 9953576
TI  - Polarization effects in sub-Coulomb breakup of deuterons.

PMID- 9953578
TI  - Quasi-elastic electron scattering from 238U.

PMID- 9953577
TI  - Spin-parity measurements in 44,46Sc.

PMID- 9953579
TI  - Molecular interpretation of the oscillations of the fusion excitation function
      for the alpha +40Ca system.

PMID- 9953581
TI  - Low-lying levels in 45Sc.

PMID- 9953580
TI  - Damping of high-spin single-particle strengths in 209Pb.

PMID- 9953582
TI  - Identification of collective flow by transverse-momentum analysis of emulsion
      data for Au+AgBr and Xe+AgBr.

PMID- 9953583
TI  - Phase-integral calculation of phase shifts for a heavy-ion optical potential.

PMID- 9953584
TI  - Real part of the interaction potential between two 238U nuclei.

PMID- 9953585
TI  - Deexcitation of nuclei formed near the instability temperature.

PMID- 9953586
TI  - Impact parameter dependence of the specific entropy and the light particle yield
      in relativistic heavy ion collision.

PMID- 9953587
TI  - Transfer reactions for 28Si

PMID- 9953588
TI  - Dissolution of nucleons in giant nuclei.

PMID- 9953589
TI  - Analytical treatment of high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions including mean
      field effects: Boltzmann equation approach.

PMID- 9953590
TI  - Angular correlations between projectile and target fragments emitted from nuclear
      collisions of 238U at 0.85A GeV.

PMID- 9953591
TI  - Angular distributions of low-energy neutrons from 390-MeV/nucleon Ne+Pb
      collisions.

PMID- 9953592
TI  - Form factors for a proximity interaction between deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9953593
TI  - Fission probes of sub-barrier fusion cross section enhancements and spin
      distribution broadening.

PMID- 9953594
TI  - Doorway states and cross-section fluctuations in the 12C

PMID- 9953595
TI  - Coincident electrofission of 238U at q

PMID- 9953596
TI  - Z and A identification of 370- micros 258Fm.

PMID- 9953597
TI  - Photofission cross section of 232Th.

PMID- 9953598
TI  - Observation of the 12C( 3He, pi +)15N reaction near threshold using recoil
      detection.

PMID- 9953599
TI  - Use of polarization in pion-nucleon bremsstrahlung.

PMID- 9953600
TI  - Quasielastic proton-nucleus scattering at 300-800 MeV.

PMID- 9953601
TI  - Applications of the pi NN bound-state problem: The deuteron and the 4,4
      resonance.

PMID- 9953603
TI  - Relativistic approach to photon-nucleon scattering.

PMID- 9953602
TI  - Determination of proton-nucleon analyzing powers and spin-rotation-depolarization
      parameters at 500 MeV.

PMID- 9953604
TI  - Nuclear deexcitation via an inelastic electronic bridge.

PMID- 9953605
TI  - Interpretation of states in 105Ag utilizing a particle-rotor model.

PMID- 9953606
TI  - Thermal response of states of approximate angular momentum in the finite
      temperature restricted Hartree-Fock approximation.

PMID- 9953607
TI  - Trinucleon charge densities and three-nucleon forces.

PMID- 9953608
TI  - M1 transitions between low-lying levels in 128Xe and the proton-neutron
      interacting boson model.

PMID- 9953609
TI  - Branching ratio of the second excited state of 30P.

PMID- 9953610
TI  - 1+ state in 44Ca.

PMID- 9953611
TI  - Elastic and inelastic 16O+12C scattering at 38 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9953612
TI  - Dirac approach to anomalous magnetic moment calculations.

PMID- 9953613
TI  - Main parameters of charge-exchange resonance relaxation within the model of
      interacting and independently damping quasiparticles.

PMID- 9953615
TI  - Erratum: Fusion, transfer, and elastic scattering at sub-barrier energies for
      16,18O ions on 208Pb and 15N and 16O ions on 209Bi

PMID- 9953614
TI  - Comparison of abrasion model differences in heavy ion fragmentation:  optical
      versus geometric models.
AB  - Using an abrasion-ablation collision model, which includes contributions from
      frictional-spectator interactions and electromagnetic dissociation, analyses of
      the sensitivities of predicted fragmentation cross sections to the choice of a
      particular abrasion formalism are made using both geometric and optical potential
      abrasion models.  Most cross section differences obtained using the two abrasion
      models are less than the present experimental uncertainties, suggesting that
      either abrasion model is suitable for estimating isotopic and elemental fragment
      distributions.

PMID- 9953616
TI  - Erratum: Further consequences of the excluded bound state S1/2 alpha -N
      interaction in 6He and 6Li

PMID- 9953617
TI  - 2H(d, gamma )4He reaction and the 4He D state.

PMID- 9953618
TI  - M3 transition in the two-rotor model.

PMID- 9953620
TI  - Two-body bound state problem and nonsingular scattering equations.

PMID- 9953619
TI  - Few-channel models of nuclear reactions: Three-body model for deuteron elastic
      scattering and breakup.

PMID- 9953622
TI  - pi -exchange NN interaction model with overlapping nucleon form factors.

PMID- 9953621
TI  - Stretched states in 26Mg from the 25Mg( alpha,3He) reaction at 81 MeV.

PMID- 9953623
TI  - Parity nonconservation in elastic p alpha scattering.

PMID- 9953625
TI  - On-shell equivalent transformations for eliminating energy dependence from
      coupled channel equations with nonlocal linearly energy-dependent potentials.

PMID- 9953624
TI  - Nucleon-nucleon and nucleon- Delta -isobar forces in a Skyrme model with higher
      derivative terms.

PMID- 9953626
TI  - Double-differential inclusive hydrogen and helium spectra from neutron-induced
      reactions at 27.4, 39.7, and 60.7 MeV: Oxygen and nitrogen.

PMID- 9953627
TI  - Self-energies of nuclei and real and imaginary optical model potentials.

PMID- 9953628
TI  - 80Se from the 78Se(t,p) reaction.

PMID- 9953629
TI  - Search for the Fermi-surface anomaly in fast-neutron scattering from yttrium.

PMID- 9953630
TI  - Tests of the factorized distorted wave impulse approximation for (p,2p)
      reactions.

PMID- 9953631
TI  - d5/2 isobaric analog state in 57Co from 56Fe(p, gamma ) and 56Fe(p,p' gamma )
      reactions.

PMID- 9953632
TI  - Excited states of 97Ru and 103Ru.

PMID- 9953634
TI  - 3He cluster structure of 12C.

PMID- 9953633
TI  - Gold multifragmentation: Analysis of an exclusive experiment.

PMID- 9953635
TI  - Multistep fragmentation of heavy ions in peripheral collisions at relativistic
      energies.

PMID- 9953636
TI  - Mass of 57Cu.

PMID- 9953637
TI  - Three-pion correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9953638
TI  - Formation and decay of the composite system in 40Ar-induced reactions at 15
      MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9953639
TI  - Neutron-fragment coincidence measurements in 14N+Ho and 14N+Ni reactions at 35
      MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9953640
TI  - Coulomb excitation study of 235U: Assessment of theoretical quasiparticle states.

PMID- 9953641
TI  - Fission-like yields in 16O+40,44Ca reactions.

PMID- 9953642
TI  - ( pi +/-,2N) reactions at 165 and 245 MeV.

PMID- 9953644
TI  - Isospin nonconservation in nucleon-nucleon scattering by a color force.

PMID- 9953643
TI  - pi p elastic scattering from 67 to 139 MeV.

PMID- 9953645
TI  - Importance of quark interchange in pion production via nucleon-nucleon
      scattering.

PMID- 9953646
TI  - Baryon exchange model for p

PMID- 9953647
TI  - 200-MeV- pi +-induced single-nucleon removal from 24Mg.

PMID- 9953648
TI  - Measurements on isovector giant resonances in pion charge exchange.

PMID- 9953650
TI  - Dirac equation with a separable potential.

PMID- 9953649
TI  - Signature for the existence of eta-mesic nucleus.

PMID- 9953651
TI  - Relativistic scattering operators for Dirac particles: Structure, symmetries, and
      reconstruction.

PMID- 9953653
TI  - Unitary meson-exchange calculation of NN-->NN pi reaction.

PMID- 9953652
TI  - Nuclear-structure aspects of nonanalog pion double charge exchange.

PMID- 9953654
TI  - Systematics of fragment angular distributions in high-energy proton reactions.

PMID- 9953655
TI  - Bose-Fermi symmetry chain for the description of odd-odd nuclei.

PMID- 9953656
TI  - "Exact" relativistic theory of two-body bound-state wave functions.

PMID- 9953657
TI  - Calculation of M1 transition rates at high spin in axial nuclei.

PMID- 9953658
TI  - Finite-temperature Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations in rare earth nuclei.

PMID- 9953660
TI  - New supersymmetry classification of nuclear levels in 195Pt.

PMID- 9953659
TI  - Dynamics of droplet formation in nuclear matter.

PMID- 9953661
TI  - Mass dependence of effective charges in the interacting-boson model.

PMID- 9953662
TI  - Physical interpretation and quantization of periodic time-dependent Hartree-Fock
      solutions.

PMID- 9953663
TI  - Four-body correlations in heavy nuclei.

PMID- 9953664
TI  - Measurement of magnetic dipole moments of 129Xem and 131Xem by spin exchange with
      optically pumped Rb.

PMID- 9953665
TI  - Search for 34Si ions in 241Am decay.

PMID- 9953667
TI  - Evidence for a 17 keV level in 168Tm.

PMID- 9953666
TI  - g factor of the 21+ state in 142Ba.

PMID- 9953669
TI  - Width of the second T=(3/2) state in 9Be.

PMID- 9953668
TI  - Phase shift analysis of 12C ion elastic scattering measured at very high energy.

PMID- 9953670
TI  - Lifetime measurement of excited states in 105Ag.

PMID- 9953672
TI  - Interacting boson model calculation of octupole states in deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9953671
TI  - Strong factor in the SO(2,3) S matrix.

PMID- 9953673
TI  - Hadronic excitation of the second 0+ state in 90Zr.

PMID- 9953674
TI  - Pauli distortion effect on the first-order optical potential.

PMID- 9953676
TI  - Giant M1 resonance in 140Ce.

PMID- 9953675
TI  - Erratum: Relativistic effects on spin observables in quasielastic proton
      scattering

PMID- 9953677
TI  - Relaxation of the mass-asymmetry degree of freedom in heavy-ion reactions.

PMID- 9953678
TI  - Surface effects and the spin-isospin nuclear response function.

PMID- 9953679
TI  - Gauge-invariant nuclear Compton amplitude manifesting low-energy theorems.

PMID- 9953680
TI  - Tensor-force effects in the 2H(d

PMID- 9953681
TI  - 36S(t,p gamma )38S reaction.

PMID- 9953682
TI  - E1-E2 interference in 159Tb( gamma,n) and 209Bi( gamma,n) reactions.

PMID- 9953683
TI  - 90,91Zr (n, alpha ) 87,88Sr reactions at 14.3 and 18.15 MeV incident neutron
      energy.

PMID- 9953685
TI  - Real part of the neutron and proton optical potentials at 11 MeV for mass numbers
      40 <= A <= 76.

PMID- 9953684
TI  - Measurements and calculations of neutron scattering in the actinide region.

PMID- 9953686
TI  - Radial shape of the optical potential for 35 and 11 MeV protons on targets with
      mass number 10<A<80.

PMID- 9953687
TI  - Dipole transition strengths and level densities in A <= 80 odd-odd nuclei
      obtained from thermal neutron capture.

PMID- 9953688
TI  - Empirical evidence of an energy dependence of the radial shape of the real part
      of the optical potential.

PMID- 9953689
TI  - Energetic photons from intermediate energy proton- and heavy-ion-induced
      reactions.

PMID- 9953691
TI  - Resonances and compound fluctuations in the reactions 16O(16O, alpha ) and
      16O(16O,8Be).

PMID- 9953690
TI  - Resonating rays in ion-ion scattering from an optical potential.

PMID- 9953692
TI  - Fission following fusion of Ni+Sn.

PMID- 9953694
TI  - Nucleus-nucleus scattering and interaction radii of stable and unstable nuclei.

PMID- 9953693
TI  - Total reaction cross section for 12C on 12C, 40Ca, 90Zr, and 208Pb between 10 and
      35 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9953695
TI  - Search for intermediate structure in the 19F+12C system.

PMID- 9953696
TI  - Apparent temperature of fragments in the breakup of spectator residues.

PMID- 9953697
TI  - High energy photon production in nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9953698
TI  - Photofission and photoneutron cross sections and photofission neutron
      multiplicities for 233U, 234U, 237Np, and 239Pu.

PMID- 9953699
TI  - Observations on rotating finite-range fission barriers derived from barriers for
      nonrotating nuclei.

PMID- 9953700
TI  - Measurement of the reaction 2H( gamma,pp) pi - with monochromatic photons in the
      energy range 345-465 MeV.

PMID- 9953701
TI  - Neutron spectra in coincidence with gamma rays from stopped pi - capture in
      165Ho.

PMID- 9953702
TI  - Excitation of isovector giant resonances in pion single-charge exchange at 120,
      165, and 230 MeV.

PMID- 9953704
TI  - Kemmer-Duffin-Petiau equation for pionic atoms and anomalous strong interaction
      effects.

PMID- 9953703
TI  - Kemmer-Duffin-Petiau equation approach to pionic atoms.

PMID- 9953705
TI  - Search for the beta decay of 180Lu to 180Hfm.

PMID- 9953707
TI  - Radioactive decay of radium and radon isotopes by 14C emission.

PMID- 9953706
TI  - Isomeric levels in 180Lu and the nucleosynthesis of 180Tam.

PMID- 9953708
TI  - Correspondence between the interacting boson model and the fermion dynamical
      symmetry model of nuclei.

PMID- 9953709
TI  - Quadrupole moments of sd-shell nuclei.

PMID- 9953710
TI  - Correlations in the Sp(1,R) model for the monopole oscillations.

PMID- 9953711
TI  - Quark cluster model for nuclear matter through variational approach.

PMID- 9953712
TI  - Level structure of 148Ba: A test of the NpN

PMID- 9953713
TI  - Q-value determination for the 80Kr(d,p)81Kr reaction.

PMID- 9953714
TI  - Resonances in 27Al + p for Ep

PMID- 9953715
TI  - Mixing parameters of gamma transitions in 214Po.

PMID- 9953717
TI  - Representation of shell-model density of states.

PMID- 9953716
TI  - Comparison of approximate formalisms for inclusive breakup reactions.

PMID- 9953718
TI  - Deformation effects on the experimental widths of giant dipole resonances.

PMID- 9953719
TI  - Information on photonuclear transition matrix elements from measuring the emitted
      nucleon polarization in the reaction plane.

PMID- 9953720
TI  - Proton-neutron mass difference in the Skyrme model.

PMID- 9953721
TI  - Analysis of the truncation schemes for the physical boson states with Dyson's
      description.

PMID- 9953722
TI  - Comment on "Elimination of the linear energy dependence of nonlocal optical
      potentials"

PMID- 9953723
TI  - Comment on "Comparison of approximate chiral-dynamical pi N--> pi pi N models
      used in A( pi,2 pi ) calculations"

PMID- 9953724
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Comparison of approximate chiral-dynamical pi N--> pi pi

PMID- 9953725
TI  - Erratum: Relativistic and nonrelativistic impulse approximation descriptions of
      300-1000 MeV proton + nucleus elastic scattering

PMID- 9953728
TI  - Octupole deformation at high spin in the Ba-Sm region.

PMID- 9953727
TI  - Angular momenta of intermediate width structures in 12C

PMID- 9953726
TI  - Transverse quasielastic electron scattering from the deuteron.

PMID- 9953729
TI  - Analyzing power measurements of (d,2He) reactions on light nuclei.

PMID- 9953731
TI  - Boson mapping of the shell model algebra obtained from a seniority-dictated
      similarity transformation.

PMID- 9953730
TI  - Examination of the vector analyzing powers in the reaction 12C, 16O (d

PMID- 9953733
TI  - Phenomenological wave functions for the ground and 2.313 MeV states in sup14N.

PMID- 9953732
TI  - Delta excitations and shell-model information in heavy-ion, charge-exchange
      reactions.
AB  - We calculate total cross sections for coherent pion production using localized
      plane-wave approximations for the shell-structure of valence nucleons that are
      excited to delta particles in the intermediate state in the (12C, 12B) and (12C,
      12N) charge-exchange, heavy-ion reactions.  We find comparable agreement to
      projectile downshift data for 12C(12C, 12B)12N.  Then we improve the formalism by
      replacing the localized plane wave bound states with harmonic oscillator states
      which are imbedded in a multipole expansion approach and calculate pion
      differential cross sections to test for the sensitivity of the spectra to the
      single-particle mass parameter.

PMID- 9953734
TI  - Nucleon-nucleon potential with quark degrees of freedom.

PMID- 9953735
TI  - Analysis of slow neutron capture by 9Be, 12C, and 13C.

PMID- 9953736
TI  - Proton radiative capture by deuterium between 100 and 200 MeV.

PMID- 9953737
TI  - 26Mg(p,n)26Al and 23Na( alpha,n)26Al reactions.

PMID- 9953738
TI  - On- and off-shell convergence of the time-independent mean-field theory of
      collisions.

PMID- 9953739
TI  - 2jth rank tensor polarization in reactions involving a spin j particle.

PMID- 9953740
TI  - Backward production of protons in proton-nucleus collisions at low and
      intermediate energy.

PMID- 9953741
TI  - Production of 91Nb, 94Nb, and 95Nb from Mo by 14.5-14.8 MeV neutrons.

PMID- 9953742
TI  - Nuclear structure of 231Th from neutron capture and (d,p) reaction measurements.

PMID- 9953743
TI  - Excitation of the high energy nuclear continuum in 208Pb by 22 MeV/nucleon 17O
      and 32S.

PMID- 9953744
TI  - Inclusive observables calculated with the nuclear random walk model: Application
      to the 40Ar+68Zn reaction at 14.6 and 27.6 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9953745
TI  - Target and projectile excitation of 7Li

PMID- 9953746
TI  - Correlations between alpha particles and evaporation residues for the 14N+12C
      reaction at E(14N)=180 MeV.

PMID- 9953747
TI  - Heavy ion collisions and anisotropic hydrodynamics.

PMID- 9953748
TI  - Linear momentum and angular momentum transfer in the reactions of 16O with 154Sm.

PMID- 9953749
TI  - Complete and incomplete fusion in 20Ne+93Nb reactions.

PMID- 9953750
TI  - Solving coupled equations by iteration for heavy-ion multiple Coulomb-nuclear
      excitation.

PMID- 9953751
TI  - Production and decay of highly excited nuclear systems formed in 84Kr +12C and
      27Al collisions at 35 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9953752
TI  - Dependence of actinide production on the mass number of the projectile: Xe
      +248Cm.

PMID- 9953753
TI  - Radioactivity in strange quark matter.

PMID- 9953755
TI  - Unified description of pi d- pi d, pi d-NN, and NN-NN reactions at intermediate
      energies.

PMID- 9953754
TI  - Covariant light front perturbation theory and three-particle equations.

PMID- 9953756
TI  - Photonuclear spallation reactions in Cu.

PMID- 9953757
TI  - Muon and neutrino production in inclusive proton-12C reactions.

PMID- 9953758
TI  - Formal framework for the electroproduction of polarized nucleons from nuclei.

PMID- 9953759
TI  - Symmetric, Lorentz invariant NN amplitude: Yukawa representation.

PMID- 9953760
TI  - Relativistic random-phase-approximation response function for quasielastic
      electron scattering in local density approximation.

PMID- 9953761
TI  - Theory of kaonic hydrogen.

PMID- 9953763
TI  - Beta-delayed proton decay of 61Ge.

PMID- 9953762
TI  - Investigation of A=152 radioactivities with mass-separated sources:
      Identification of 152Lu.

PMID- 9953764
TI  - U(12) systematics in nuclei.

PMID- 9953765
TI  - Test of microscopic three-boson force in a six-fermion system.

PMID- 9953766
TI  - Shell-model evidence for the exchange term in the interacting-boson-fermion
      Hamiltonian.

PMID- 9953767
TI  - 16O( alpha, alpha p) and 40Ca( alpha, alpha p) reactions at 139.2 MeV incident
      energy.

PMID- 9953768
TI  - Excitation of 12C+ 12C "quasimolecular" resonances by inelastic scattering of 190
      MeV protons from 24Mg.

PMID- 9953770
TI  - Nuclear level excitation during charge nonconservation.

PMID- 9953769
TI  - Observation of selective gamma decay of fission-like fragments in the 32S+58Ni
      reaction at 143 MeV.

PMID- 9953771
TI  - Cross section and transverse polarization transfer for the 2H(p,n)2p reaction at
      160 MeV.

PMID- 9953772
TI  - Search for superdeformed shapes in 144Gd.

PMID- 9953773
TI  - Measurement of the vector analyzing power in pi +-d elastic scattering at 0.74
      GeV/c.

PMID- 9953775
TI  - Definite evidence of the Landau-Zener transition in nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9953776
TI  - Radiative capture reaction 7Be(p, gamma )8B at low energies.

PMID- 9953774
TI  - 16O( gamma, pi +)16N reaction at 320 MeV photon energy.

PMID- 9953777
TI  - Effect of elastic transfer in sub-barrier fusion between similar nuclei.

PMID- 9953778
TI  - Recoil effects in the coordinate space Dirac equation.

PMID- 9953779
TI  - Need for new physics in statistical models of nuclear de-excitation.

PMID- 9953780
TI  - Six-quark clusters and the energy dependence of the ( pi +, pi -) reaction.

PMID- 9953781
TI  - sup3He+3He reaction cross sections at 17.9, 21.7, and 24.0 MeV.

PMID- 9953783
TI  - Nucleon-deuteron elastic scattering with the Paris nucleon-nucleon potential.

PMID- 9953782
TI  - Measurement of the 12C(n, gamma 0)13C cross section in the giant dipole resonance
      region.

PMID- 9953784
TI  - Neutron-proton capture at extreme angles at En

PMID- 9953786
TI  - Lippmann-Schwinger equation in a soluble three-body model: Surface integrals at
      infinity.

PMID- 9953785
TI  - Preequilibrium gamma rays with angular momentum coupling.

PMID- 9953787
TI  - 76Se(t,p)78Se reaction at 17 MeV.

PMID- 9953788
TI  - Trinucleon system in a two-body model: Coulomb effect on bound and scattering
      states.

PMID- 9953789
TI  - d5/2 isobaric analog state in 55Co.

PMID- 9953790
TI  - High spin states in 208Pb.

PMID- 9953791
TI  - Shell and odd-even effects on alpha-particle energy spectra from the (p, alpha )
      reaction on nuclei around neutron number 50.

PMID- 9953792
TI  - Forward-to-backward asymmetry of the ( gamma,n) reaction in the energy range 20
      30 MeV.

PMID- 9953793
TI  - Proton stripping to 8(-) stretched states in 60Ni.

PMID- 9953794
TI  - 73Ge(d,3He)72Ga reaction.

PMID- 9953795
TI  - Coulomb effects on the electron scattering radiation tail.

PMID- 9953796
TI  - Particle-core multiplets in 97Mo populated via the (3He,2n gamma ) reaction.

PMID- 9953797
TI  - Gamma ray spectroscopy in 103Pd.

PMID- 9953798
TI  - Computer simulations of fragmentation in nuclear reactions: A semiclassical
      model.

PMID- 9953799
TI  - Mass distributions from microscopic models of heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9953800
TI  - Linear momentum transfer and light particle emission in the E/A=25 MeV 6Li+238U
      reaction.

PMID- 9953802
TI  - Cross section of 16O+16O near the Coulomb barrier.

PMID- 9953801
TI  - Neutron emission in the fissioning 158Er composite system.

PMID- 9953803
TI  - Coupled-channels analysis of silicon-nickel fusion reactions.

PMID- 9953805
TI  - Projectilelike fragments from 14N beams at 15, 25, and 35 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9953806
TI  - Decay properties of 150Tm and 150Er.

PMID- 9953804
TI  - Distributions of the total energy and multiplicity of gamma rays feeding the
      discrete yrast states in heavy-ion-induced fusion reactions.

PMID- 9953807
TI  - Spectroscopic applications of the (p, pi -) reaction.

PMID- 9953808
TI  - Reaction 16O( pi +, pp)14N at 60 MeV: Testing the quasi-deuteron mechanism.

PMID- 9953809
TI  - Fission induced in natU, natPb, 197Au, and 165Ho by 80 and 100 MeV pi + and pi -

PMID- 9953810
TI  - Theory of bremsstrahlung amplitudes in the soft-photon approximation.

PMID- 9953812
TI  - Relativistic treatment of 0(+)(p,p'

PMID- 9953813
TI  - Nucleon-nucleus inelastic scattering using a relativistic impulse approximation
      with exchange.

PMID- 9953811
TI  - Effect of pi d channel coupling on the medium energy nucleon-nucleon interaction.

PMID- 9953814
TI  - Fragmentation of hot quantum drops.

PMID- 9953815
TI  - y scaling in inclusive scattering.

PMID- 9953816
TI  - Elastic and inelastic scattering of 50-MeV pions from 28Si and 30Si.

PMID- 9953817
TI  - Pion-nucleon bremsstrahlung and Delta electromagnetic moments.

PMID- 9953818
TI  - Role of three-body unitarity in pi -N scattering.

PMID- 9953819
TI  - L2-L3 Coster-Kronig transition probability for Z=54.

PMID- 9953820
TI  - Half-life of tritium and the Gamow-Teller transition rate.

PMID- 9953821
TI  - Electric dipole collectivity in light nuclear systems.

PMID- 9953822
TI  - Nuclear binding and quark confinement.

PMID- 9953823
TI  - Comparison of SU(3) phenomenologies in the sd shell.

PMID- 9953824
TI  - Dynamical symmetry of the interacting boson model in light nuclei.

PMID- 9953825
TI  - Solvable model for one-dimensional nuclear matter: Simultaneous eigenstates of
      spin, isospin, and energy.

PMID- 9953826
TI  - Three-body potentials originating from cluster distortion.

PMID- 9953827
TI  - Algebraic analysis of physical and spurious states in Dyson boson mapping.

PMID- 9953828
TI  - Pairing effects at finite temperature: Fermionic and bosonic contributions to the
      specific heat of a nucleus.

PMID- 9953830
TI  - Angular momentum effects in preequilibrium cluster emission.

PMID- 9953829
TI  - Intermediate structures in the excitation functions of heavy ion fusion
      reactions.

PMID- 9953831
TI  - 7Li(p

PMID- 9953832
TI  - Angular momentum distribution in heavy ion fusion reactions.

PMID- 9953833
TI  - Role of correlations in the 3He(e,e'

PMID- 9953834
TI  - Electromagnetic production of heavy leptons in relativistic heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9953836
TI  - Photodisintegration of deuteron at low energies: Isolation of electric and
      magnetic contributions.

PMID- 9953835
TI  - Deser-Goldberger-Baumann-Thirring formula for pi -p atoms.

PMID- 9953837
TI  - Testing interacting boson model cores through particle-core coupling: Negative
      parity states in the odd-mass Tl and Au isotopes.

PMID- 9953838
TI  - Number projection method.

PMID- 9953839
TI  - Molecular states in excited spectra of light nuclei.

PMID- 9953840
TI  - Erratum: Doorway states and cross-section fluctuations in the 12C

PMID- 9953841
TI  - Selective sequential 2n decay of 14C states populated by 13C+n.

PMID- 9953843
TI  - Medium effects in the nuclear Landau-Vlassov transport theory.

PMID- 9953842
TI  - Signature dependence observed for M1 transitions between rotational levels based
      on an f7/2 single-particle state in 163Dy.

PMID- 9953844
TI  - Parametrization of the coupled channels S matrix in the inelastic case: Relation
      to Arndt-Roper form.

PMID- 9953845
TI  - Search for high-spin states in 27Si and 27Al.

PMID- 9953846
TI  - Electroexcitation of 4(-) states in 16O.

PMID- 9953847
TI  - Lifetime of the lowest 0(+), T=1 state of 22Na.

PMID- 9953848
TI  - Quantal equivalent local potentials from resonating group method n+ alpha
      nonlocal interactions.

PMID- 9953849
TI  - Stability of angular extrapolation methods for determining the deuteron
      asymptotic D-state to S-state ratio.

PMID- 9953850
TI  - M1 radiation widths in 27Al.

PMID- 9953851
TI  - Effect of inelastic excitation on the elastic scattering of alpha particles from
      144,148,150,152,154Sm at 120 MeV.

PMID- 9953853
TI  - Coupled-channel description of inelastic scattering from soft nuclei.

PMID- 9953852
TI  - Stellar krypton cross sections at kT=25 and 52 keV.

PMID- 9953854
TI  - Electromagnetic final state interactions in high energy nuclear collisions:
      Isobaric comparisons.

PMID- 9953855
TI  - Collective band structures in the gamma -soft nucleus 135Nd.

PMID- 9953856
TI  - Test of the triaxial rotor model and the interacting boson-fermion approximation
      model description of collective states in 193Ir.

PMID- 9953857
TI  - Model-independent analysis of heavy-ion elastic scattering.

PMID- 9953858
TI  - Exciton-model approach to fast-particle emission in heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9953859
TI  - Symmetric mass fragmentation following capture in reactions of 4.8-8 MeV/nucleon
      208Pb on 50Ti, 52Cr, 58Fe, and 64Ni using the fusion model based on the dynamical
      fragmentation theory.

PMID- 9953860
TI  - Solution of the mean field equations for spontaneous fission.

PMID- 9953861
TI  - Delta production by pion charge exchange on complex nuclei.

PMID- 9953863
TI  - Correlation effects in the relativistic impulse approximation treatment of proton
      nucleus elastic scattering.

PMID- 9953862
TI  - Cascade model calculations of p

PMID- 9953864
TI  - Multiquark compound states and the triton charge form factor.

PMID- 9953865
TI  - Electromagnetic excitation of the delta resonance in nuclei.

PMID- 9953866
TI  - Nucleon-nucleon scattering with isobar degrees of freedom.

PMID- 9953867
TI  - Near-threshold (p

PMID- 9953868
TI  - Pion scattering to collective excitations in 90Zr and 118Sn.

PMID- 9953869
TI  - Electron-capture branching ratio of 81Krm.

PMID- 9953870
TI  - Weak pion-nucleon coupling strength: New constraint from parity mixing in 18F.

PMID- 9953872
TI  - Configuration mixing among 11/2(-) states in 19F.

PMID- 9953871
TI  - Effect of deuteron structure on hyperfine structure of deuterium.

PMID- 9953873
TI  - Rigid reflection-asymmetric rotor description of the nucleus 227Ac.

PMID- 9953874
TI  - Sensitivity of large-angle pion elastic scattering to medium modifications.

PMID- 9953875
TI  - Double charge exchange on 56Fe.

PMID- 9953876
TI  - Vector and tensor analyzing powers for the (d

PMID- 9953877
TI  - Approximate analytic expression for B(E2) values in the interacting boson model.

PMID- 9953878
TI  - Zero-temperature second random phase approximation and its formal properties.

PMID- 9953879
TI  - Discussion of the coexisting 0(+) band in the doubly closed subshell 96Zr on the
      basis of the polyspheron model.

PMID- 9953880
TI  - Comment on "Method for observation of neutrinos and antineutrinos"

PMID- 9953881
TI  - Erratum: Mechanism of the heavy-ion charge-exchange reaction 12C(12C,12)12B at 35
      MeV/nucleon

PMID- 9953882
TI  - Heavy residue masses as possible indicators of the impact parameter in the
      reaction 20Ne+60Ni at 742 MeV.

PMID- 9953883
TI  - Line-shape analysis of high spin states: Collectivity in 166Yb.

PMID- 9953884
TI  - Interpretation of relativistic dynamical effects in proton-nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9953885
TI  - Microscopic prescriptions for elastic and inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9953886
TI  - Low-energy scattering theory for Coulomb plus long-range potentials.

PMID- 9953889
TI  - Theory of compound-nucleus reactions: Gaussian versus non-Gaussian statistics of
      its parameters.

PMID- 9953888
TI  - Cross sections for production of the 15.10-MeV and other astrophysically
      significant gamma-ray lines through excitation and spallation of 12C and 16O with
      protons.

PMID- 9953887
TI  - Spin-flip transitions in 16O and 18O excited by inelastic proton scattering.

PMID- 9953890
TI  - Photodisintegration of the deuteron with elliptically polarized gamma rays.

PMID- 9953891
TI  - Measurement of the analyzing power for n-p radiative capture.

PMID- 9953892
TI  - Elementary deconvolution method for the wave packet theory of collisions.

PMID- 9953894
TI  - Proton-90Zr interaction at sub-Coulomb proton energies.

PMID- 9953893
TI  - Low energy octupole resonance in 46Ti studied by inelastic proton scattering at
      65 MeV.

PMID- 9953895
TI  - Masses of 77Kr and 75Kr.

PMID- 9953896
TI  - Transverse polarization transfer DNN(0 degrees) measurements for the (p,n)
      reaction on 58Ni and 90Zr at Ep

PMID- 9953898
TI  - Deuteron and entropy production in relativistic heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9953897
TI  - Proton and deuteron inelastic excitation of the 1(+) state at Ex=5.846 MeV in
      208Pb: Isoscalar character and importance of tensor correlations.

PMID- 9953899
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the relation between entropy and nucleosynthesis in
      central Ca + Ca and Nb + Nb collisions.

PMID- 9953901
TI  - Decay of instable Li, Be, and B fragments and the distortion of temperature
      measurements in heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9953900
TI  - Search for shape isomers in 56Ni.

PMID- 9953902
TI  - Projectile-breakup and transfer-reemission reactions in the 12C+20Ne system.

PMID- 9953904
TI  - Quark model for nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9953903
TI  - Unified semiquantal description of coupled-channels effects in fusion and elastic
      scattering of polarized heavy ions.

PMID- 9953906
TI  - Light fragment spectra to upper kinematic limits for 300 MeV proton reactions
      with Be and Ag.

PMID- 9953905
TI  - Mass dependence of pion double charge exchange.

PMID- 9953907
TI  - Delta resonance in nuclei.

PMID- 9953908
TI  - Delta (1232) production via charge-changing weak currents: e

PMID- 9953909
TI  - Pionic fusion and the clustering correlation.

PMID- 9953910
TI  - Excitation of the isobaric analog state of 165Ho by pion single-charge exchange.

PMID- 9953911
TI  - Neutron and proton matrix elements for 21+ transitions in T=1 nuclei from pion
      inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9953912
TI  - Pion elastic and inelastic scattering from 48,50Ti, 52Cr, and 54,56Fe at 180 MeV:
      Determination of neutron and proton multipole matrix elements.

PMID- 9953913
TI  - Crossing symmetric self-consistent pi N t matrix.

PMID- 9953914
TI  - Spin and isospin effects in a relativistic treatment of p

PMID- 9953915
TI  - Inelastic scattering of alpha particles on light nuclei at P alpha =7.0 GeV/c.

PMID- 9953916
TI  - Double-analog transition 48Ca( pi +, pi -)48Ti at 35 and 50 MeV.

PMID- 9953917
TI  - Quark-cluster effects in elastic electron-deuteron scattering.

PMID- 9953918
TI  - Peculiarity of the charge-exchange quadrupole excitation in nuclei.

PMID- 9953919
TI  - Microscopic relativistic description of proton-nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9953920
TI  - Semiphenomenological studies of the ground state binding energies of hypernuclei.

PMID- 9953921
TI  - Octupole state properties in 168Er and the two-neutron {

PMID- 9953922
TI  - Beta decay of 20O.

PMID- 9953924
TI  - Shape coexistence effects and superdeformation in 84Zr.

PMID- 9953923
TI  - Measurement of E0 transitions in neutron-rich nuclei near A=100.

PMID- 9953925
TI  - Coulomb effects in the 3He ground state.

PMID- 9953926
TI  - Nucleon-number-conserving description of pairing correlations in terms of
      occupation probability amplitudes.

PMID- 9953927
TI  - Deriving an interacting boson model from the fermion SO(8) model.

PMID- 9953929
TI  - Boson representations of fermion systems.

PMID- 9953928
TI  - Critical dynamics of highly viscous finite nuclear matter.

PMID- 9953931
TI  - Inclusion of a hard-core effect in the Thomas-Fermi method.

PMID- 9953930
TI  - Liquid-gas and superconducting phase transitions of nuclear matter calculated
      with real time Green's function methods and Skyrme interactions.

PMID- 9953932
TI  - Geometrized dynamics and search of structural instabilities in SU(2) models.

PMID- 9953933
TI  - Coulomb effects in the alpha-induced deuteron breakup.

PMID- 9953934
TI  - ( pi,p) reactions at low excitation energy.

PMID- 9953936
TI  - Isotope shift in erbium I by laser-atomic-beam spectroscopy.

PMID- 9953935
TI  - Pion double charge exchange on 12C at low energies.

PMID- 9953937
TI  - Search for a purported resonance in 13C at 20 MeV via analyzing power
      measurements of 12C(n,n).

PMID- 9953938
TI  - Precompound decay in heavy ion reactions via the hybrid model.

PMID- 9953940
TI  - Nucleon size and the attractive nuclear force.

PMID- 9953939
TI  - Calculation of coefficients of fractional parentage for large spaces.

PMID- 9953941
TI  - Continuum effects and the interpretation of Sigma hypernuclei.

PMID- 9953942
TI  - Polarization in pi N--> eta N and pi N phase-shift analyses.

PMID- 9953943
TI  - Evidence of multiplicity scaling of medium energy protons emitted in relativistic
      heavy ion collisions and antiproton annihilation in nuclei.

PMID- 9953945
TI  - Reduction of coupled equations for heavy ion reactions.

PMID- 9953944
TI  - Comment on "Test of Fermi gas model predictions of level density in 137Xe"

PMID- 9953946
TI  - No two-proton strength to 72Ge(02+).

PMID- 9953948
TI  - Temperatures, energies, and degree of thermal equilibration of fragments in
      damped nuclear reactions.

PMID- 9953947
TI  - 28Si

PMID- 9953949
TI  - 36-MeV-triton-induced charge exchange: Mass measurements and energy levels of
      neutron-rich nuclei and the charge exchange reaction mechanism.

PMID- 9953950
TI  - Possible experiments to distinguish between different methods of treating the
      Pauli principle in nuclear potential models.

PMID- 9953951
TI  - Coulomb sum rules in the relativistic Fermi gas model.

PMID- 9953952
TI  - Nuclear structure of 208Pb from 207Pb+n resonances.

PMID- 9953953
TI  - Nuclear excitation in positron-K-electron annihilation.

PMID- 9953954
TI  - Heavy-ion collision theory with momentum-dependent interactions.

PMID- 9953955
TI  - Physical interpretation of time-dependent Hartree-Fock density matrix for heavy
      ion scattering.

PMID- 9953957
TI  - Direct and fusion carbon reaction components in the 6Li+12C reaction at 30 MeV.

PMID- 9953959
TI  - n-p bremsstrahlung interpretation of high energy gamma rays from heavy-ion
      collisions.

PMID- 9953956
TI  - Trends of total reaction cross sections for heavy ion collisions in the
      intermediate energy range
AB  - Direct measurements of total reaction cross sections (sigma R) have been
      performed in the energy range of 10-300 MeV/nucleon for heavy ion collisions. A
      decrease of sigma R with increasing energy was observed for a wide range of
      masses of the colliding systems. The data suggest that sigma R reaches a minimum
      located around 300 MeV/nucleon independently of the projectile target
      combination. A dependence of sigma R on mass asymmetry of the svstem is also
      demonstrated. Trends of sigma R in this energy range are well reproduced by the
      predictions of a simple microscopic model based on individual nucleon-nucleon
      collisions. Our data have been employed in this framework to derive a new semi
      empirical parametrization of sigma R. Most of the experimental results in the
      intermediate and high energy range have been reproduced by this parametrization
      using a single energy-dependent parameter.

PMID- 9953958
TI  - Two-particle correlations at small relative momenta for 40Ar-induced reactions on
      197Au at E/A=60 MeV.

PMID- 9953960
TI  - Equilibrium model for fusion and orbiting.

PMID- 9953962
TI  - Reaction mechanism of pn and d emission in certain heavy-ion-induced nuclear
      reactions.

PMID- 9953961
TI  - Mechanism of the (6Li, 6He) reaction at intermediate energies and its suitability
      as a spin probe.

PMID- 9953963
TI  - Fragment production in intermediate energy heavy ion reactions.

PMID- 9953964
TI  - Transfer mechanism for 3 alpha in heavy ion scattering.

PMID- 9953965
TI  - Widths of Sigma and Lambda hypernuclear states.

PMID- 9953966
TI  - Relativistic Faddeev theory of the pi NN system with application to pi d
      scattering.

PMID- 9953967
TI  - Polarized pion-deuteron breakup in the region of the 3,3 resonance.

PMID- 9953968
TI  - Recoil measurement of the spallation of gold by intermediate energy pions.

PMID- 9953969
TI  - ( gamma,p), ( gamma,pn), and ( gamma,pp) reactions on light nuclei in the Delta
      (1232) resonance region.

PMID- 9953970
TI  - Doorway states induced by quantum recoils.

PMID- 9953971
TI  - Shell-model description of the beta decay of the N=21 isotones 35Si and 36P.

PMID- 9953972
TI  - beta +/electron-capture decay of 192,194,196,198,200Bi: Experimental evidence for
      low lying 0+ states.

PMID- 9953973
TI  - Collective 2(+) states in the U(5) classical limit of the proton-neutron
      interacting boson model.

PMID- 9953974
TI  - Face-centered-cubic solid-phase theory of the nucleus.

PMID- 9953975
TI  - Simple parametrization for octupole states in spherical and weakly deformed heavy
      nuclei.

PMID- 9953976
TI  - Interacting boson-fermion limit of the SO(8) model of nuclei.

PMID- 9953978
TI  - Energy levels of the nucleus 166Ho.

PMID- 9953977
TI  - Reconstituting rotational band structure from deformed boson expansions: Generic
      treatment.

PMID- 9953980
TI  - Generating functions for the Racah decomposition.

PMID- 9953979
TI  - Deltas in hadron gas.

PMID- 9953981
TI  - Yrast states of 216Rn and the extent of a region of possible static intrinsic
      reflection asymmetry.

PMID- 9953982
TI  - Photoactivation of 111Cdm without a "nonresonant" contribution.

PMID- 9953983
TI  - Alpha emission at the Fermi energy.

PMID- 9953984
TI  - Electron capture decay of 81Krm.

PMID- 9953986
TI  - Nature of the 17 keV and associated levels in 168Tm.

PMID- 9953985
TI  - Non-hedgehog ansatz and the role of the omega meson in the chiral soliton models.

PMID- 9953987
TI  - Last members of the K pi =04+ alpha -cluster rotational band in 20Ne.

PMID- 9953988
TI  - Erratum: Major mechanism of photoactivation for the 115In( gamma, gamma ')115Inm
      process by 60Co gamma -ray irradiation

PMID- 9953989
TI  - Identification of new neutron-rich rare-earth isotopes produced in 252Cf fission.

PMID- 9953990
TI  - Exotic isoscalar dipole resonances in the Walecka model.

PMID- 9953992
TI  - Photons from heavy-ion collisions at Fermi velocity.

PMID- 9953993
TI  - Effects of center-of-mass motion in the resonating-group theory of romann+ alpha
      scattering.

PMID- 9953991
TI  - Boson fermion dynamical SU(3) symmetry for asymmetric deformation in odd mass
      nuclei.

PMID- 9953994
TI  - Class of Jost-like functions.

PMID- 9953995
TI  - Fusion-energy reaction 3H

PMID- 9953996
TI  - Photon scattering in the giant dipole resonance region of 16O.

PMID- 9953997
TI  - Gamow-Teller strength in the 26Mg(p,n)26Al reaction at 135 MeV and its
      fractionation into T= 0, 1, and 2 isospin channels.

PMID- 9953998
TI  - Measurements of relative angular distributions for the 2H

PMID- 9953999
TI  - Polarized proton scattering from 116,120,124Sn at 16 MeV.

PMID- 9954001
TI  - Semiclassical treatment of the nucleon-nucleus optical potential.

PMID- 9954000
TI  - Distribution of proton spectroscopic strengths in the odd-A Rb isotopes.

PMID- 9954003
TI  - Direct-reaction plus statistical-model analysis of the 52Cr(d,2n)52Mng,m
      reaction.

PMID- 9954002
TI  - 52Cr(p,n)52Mng,m and 52Cr(d,2n)52Mng,m excitation functions.

PMID- 9954004
TI  - Nucleon transport induced by two-body collisions.

PMID- 9954005
TI  - Higher-order coupling effects in low energy heavy-ion fusion reactions.

PMID- 9954006
TI  - Symmetric splitting for the system 32S+238U at energies near and below the
      barrier.

PMID- 9954007
TI  - Dilepton radiation from high temperature nuclear matter.

PMID- 9954008
TI  - Actinide production in 136Xe bombardments of 249Cf.

PMID- 9954009
TI  - Production and deexcitation of highly deformed 67Ga.

PMID- 9954010
TI  - Quasielastic processes in the 28Si + 208Pb reaction at 6 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9954011
TI  - Two-center shell model for deformed and arbitrarily orientated nuclei.

PMID- 9954012
TI  - Positron and electron peaks produced by sub-Coulomb barrier heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9954013
TI  - Energy and target dependence of projectile breakup effect in elastic scattering
      of 6Li.

PMID- 9954014
TI  - Fission mechanisms of 0.2 TeV uranium beams.

PMID- 9954015
TI  - Effective interaction analysis of 500 MeV (p

PMID- 9954016
TI  - Distorted-wave impulse approximation and coupled-channels analysis of inelastic
      pion scattering from 18O.

PMID- 9954018
TI  - Nonlocality in medium energy proton scattering.

PMID- 9954017
TI  - Total nuclear capture rates for negative muons.

PMID- 9954019
TI  - Hypernuclear currents in a relativistic mean-field theory.

PMID- 9954021
TI  - Nuclear structure dependence of the (p, pi +) reaction.

PMID- 9954020
TI  - Elastic and inelastic scattering of 362 MeV polarized protons from 40Ca.

PMID- 9954022
TI  - Measurement of the neutron-neutron scattering length ann with the reaction pi -d 
      -> nn gamma in complete kinematics.

PMID- 9954023
TI  - Indication of pionic-atom anomalies in pion-nucleus elastic scattering.

PMID- 9954024
TI  - Relativistic quarks in one-dimensional periodic structures.

PMID- 9954025
TI  - Beta decay of 39Cl.

PMID- 9954026
TI  - Structure of 39Ar.

PMID- 9954027
TI  - 150.8 keV, E3 transition in 111Cdm and comparison of experimental and theoretical
      high multipole order internal conversion coefficients.

PMID- 9954028
TI  - Effective interaction for relativistic mean-field theories of nuclear structure.

PMID- 9954029
TI  - Theoretical description of low-lying K pi =1(+) states in deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9954030
TI  - Intruder-g.s. mixing in Cd nuclei.

PMID- 9954032
TI  - Energy dependence of inelastic proton scattering to the 3(-), 2.614 MeV state in
      208Pb.

PMID- 9954031
TI  - Nucleon promotion in the 17O+12C reaction.

PMID- 9954033
TI  - Cross section of 27Al(n,2n)26Alg.s. near 14 MeV.

PMID- 9954034
TI  - Identification of 182Pb in 40Ca irradiations of 147Sm.

PMID- 9954035
TI  - Anisotropies in transfer-induced fission of 16O+232Th.

PMID- 9954036
TI  - g factor of the 21+ state in 140Ba and 142Ba.

PMID- 9954037
TI  - Erratum: Relativistic random-phase-approximation response function for
      quasielastic electron scattering in local density approximation

PMID- 9954038
TI  - Temperature-induced noncollective rotation in 166Er.

PMID- 9954039
TI  - Nuclear photoabsorption cross section: Collective and quasi-deuteron
      contributions.

PMID- 9954041
TI  - Calculation of two-step processes in the (e,e'p) reaction.

PMID- 9954040
TI  - Measurement of the tensor analyzing power T21in pi

PMID- 9954042
TI  - Lippmann's identities in a soluble three-particle model.

PMID- 9954043
TI  - Low-energy 2H(d, gamma )4He reaction and the D-state admixture in the 4He ground
      state.

PMID- 9954044
TI  - Potential model analysis of low energy 2H(d, gamma )4He fusion data.

PMID- 9954045
TI  - Microscopic calculations of 5He with realistic interactions.

PMID- 9954046
TI  - Short lifetimes in 30P.

PMID- 9954047
TI  - E2 transition in the reaction 2H( gamma,n)1H.

PMID- 9954048
TI  - Asymptotic boundary conditions for three-body breakup: Probable nonutility of the
      standard approach.

PMID- 9954049
TI  - Microscopic theory of the 8Be( alpha, gamma )12C reaction in a three-cluster
      model.

PMID- 9954050
TI  - Center-of-mass motion and Siegert's theorem.

PMID- 9954051
TI  - Inelastic electron scattering charge form factor of 4He.

PMID- 9954052
TI  - Influence of nuclear dynamics on neutron scattering from 194Pt.

PMID- 9954053
TI  - Search for peak structure in e++ Th collisions.

PMID- 9954054
TI  - Influence of the detection geometry in the analysis of experimental observables
      in projectile breakups.

PMID- 9954055
TI  - Projectile-like fragments from 20Ne + 197Au and the correlated energy transfer
      studied by counting the simultaneously emitted neutrons.

PMID- 9954056
TI  - Single-nucleon transfer reactions induced by 376-MeV 17O on 208Pb.

PMID- 9954057
TI  - Fission and quasifission in U-induced reactions.

PMID- 9954058
TI  - Time delay effects on K x-ray production probability in deep inelastic U + U and
      U + Pb nuclear reactions.

PMID- 9954059
TI  - Band crossings in the gamma -soft nucleus 136Nd.

PMID- 9954060
TI  - Classical simulations of heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9954061
TI  - Correlated fluctuations in the 89Y(19F,x)y excitation functions.

PMID- 9954062
TI  - Application of quantum theory of particle collisions to 16O + 16O reactions.

PMID- 9954063
TI  - Probing the direct step of relativistic heavy ion fragmentation: (12C,11B + p) at
      2.1 GeV/nucleon with C and CH2 targets.

PMID- 9954064
TI  - Neutron decay of excited nuclear states in heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9954066
TI  - Evolution of 4 pi observables in the Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck theory and the
      transverse momentum transfer as a barometer for hadronic matter.

PMID- 9954065
TI  - Energy and linear-momentum dissipation in the fusion reaction of 165Ho + 20Ne at
      30 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9954067
TI  - Inelastic pion scattering from 12C.

PMID- 9954068
TI  - Unitary theory of pion photoproduction in the chiral bag model.

PMID- 9954070
TI  - Singularities in pi -N scattering amplitude in nuclear matter.

PMID- 9954069
TI  - Relativistic impulse approximation in an additive potential model.

PMID- 9954071
TI  - Contributions of two-gluon exchange diagrams to the NN spin-orbit interaction.

PMID- 9954072
TI  - Modification of nuclear beta decay by intense low-frequency electromagnetic
      waves.

PMID- 9954073
TI  - Beta and neutrino spectra in the decay of 8B.

PMID- 9954074
TI  - Decay of 83Zr and the low-energy level structure of 83Y.

PMID- 9954076
TI  - Pair transfer at high angular momenta.

PMID- 9954075
TI  - Rotational bands in near-vibrational systems.

PMID- 9954077
TI  - Electromagnetic properties of 6Li in a cluster model with breathing clusters.

PMID- 9954079
TI  - Self-consistent Hartree description of deformed nuclei in a relativistic quantum
      field theory.

PMID- 9954078
TI  - Sigma model calculations of neutron-rich nuclear matter.

PMID- 9954080
TI  - Compatibility of the nuclear shell and nucleon bag models.

PMID- 9954081
TI  - Test of the fermion dynamical symmetry model microscopy in the sd shell.

PMID- 9954082
TI  - Relativistic description of nuclear systems in the Hartree-Fock approximation.

PMID- 9954083
TI  - Calculation of geometrical structure coefficients for the trinucleon system with
      central and tensor interactions.

PMID- 9954084
TI  - On-line nuclear orientation of cesium isotopes and the magnetic moment of 118Csm.

PMID- 9954085
TI  - E0 strength in 12C from 6Li scattering.

PMID- 9954087
TI  - Nuclear shape deformations in 485-MeV 56Fe

PMID- 9954086
TI  - Half-lives of the actinide nuclei 225Th,226Th,223Ac, and 226Ac.

PMID- 9954088
TI  - Possible Ex

PMID- 9954089
TI  - Confirmation of the 2805-keV level of 38S.

PMID- 9954091
TI  - Compound nucleus temperatures from particle and gamma ray emissions: Effects due
      to the temperature dependence of the level density parameter.

PMID- 9954090
TI  - Low-frequency anomaly in 172Os moment of inertia.

PMID- 9954092
TI  - Pseudovector versus pseudoscalar theory in kaon photoproduction from nucleons and
      nuclei.

PMID- 9954093
TI  - M1 selection rules in the neutron-proton interacting boson model.

PMID- 9954094
TI  - Delta (1232) contribution to three-nucleon force.

PMID- 9954096
TI  - Dispersive contribution to the nucleus-nucleus potential.

PMID- 9954095
TI  - Sum rule for two-particle excitation processes in heavy-ion reactions.

PMID- 9954097
TI  - Reduced alpha transfer rates in a schematic model.

PMID- 9954098
TI  - Doorway model for three-nucleon pion absorption.

PMID- 9954099
TI  - Two nuclear phases and the proton-neutron force.

PMID- 9954100
TI  - Erratum: Phase shift analysis of 12C ion elastic scattering measured at very high
      energy

PMID- 9954101
TI  - Separable approximations to energy dependent potentials.

PMID- 9954102
TI  - Analytic Sturmian functions and convergence of separable expansions.

PMID- 9954103
TI  - Electroexcitation of discrete levels in 12C and 13C at high momentum transfers.

PMID- 9954104
TI  - Minimal substitution for isospin dependent potentials.

PMID- 9954105
TI  - (p

PMID- 9954106
TI  - Off-energy-shell behavior of realistic potential models.

PMID- 9954107
TI  - Analysis of primary electric dipole gamma rays from slow-neutron capture by Ca
      isotopes.

PMID- 9954108
TI  - Preequilibrium model analysis of (p,n) reactions on isotopes of Zr and Mo.

PMID- 9954109
TI  - Backward-angle anomaly in alpha +40Ca scattering and molecular vibrational states
      in 44Ti.

PMID- 9954110
TI  - Mixing of isoscalar and isovector magnetic dipole excitation modes in 206Pb and
      208Pb: Case of electron scattering form factors.

PMID- 9954111
TI  - Calculation of pair production by 10 and 20 MeV photons.

PMID- 9954113
TI  - Microscopic distorted-wave approximation study of low-energy nucleon scattering
      from 89Y.

PMID- 9954112
TI  - Fine structure of resonance at Ex~ 14 MeV in 40Ca.

PMID- 9954114
TI  - Structure of unbound states in 29Si from neutron resonance spectroscopy of 28Si +
      n.

PMID- 9954115
TI  - Optimizing heavy ion experiments to probe dense nuclear matter.

PMID- 9954116
TI  - Collective band structures in the odd-proton nuclei 135,137Pm.

PMID- 9954118
TI  - Statistical giant dipole resonance decay of highly excited states of 63Cu.

PMID- 9954117
TI  - Zero-point fluctuations and the diffuseness of the nuclear surface.

PMID- 9954119
TI  - Microscopic analysis of projectile excitation for 18O+64Ni.

PMID- 9954120
TI  - Subbarrier interactions of the oxygen isotopes.

PMID- 9954121
TI  - In-plane light particle correlations in 40 MeV/nucleon C+C, Ag, Au, and 50
      MeV/nucleon C+C reactions.

PMID- 9954122
TI  - Inelastic excitation and neutron transfer in the 13C-13C scattering with the
      molecular particle-core model.

PMID- 9954123
TI  - Elastic and inelastic scattering of 58Ni

PMID- 9954124
TI  - Kinetic equation of nuclear gas.

PMID- 9954125
TI  - Coriolis interaction and variable reflection asymmetry in fission vibrational
      resonances.

PMID- 9954127
TI  - Charge asymmetry of the nuclear interaction and neutron-neutron scattering
      parameters.

PMID- 9954126
TI  - Pion double charge exchange and nuclear correlations.

PMID- 9954128
TI  - Invariant light front perturbation theory.

PMID- 9954130
TI  - Dispersion relations and Castillejo-Dalitz-Dyson pole in the pi N P wave
      scattering amplitude.

PMID- 9954129
TI  - Neutron and proton matrix elements for transitions in 39K from pion inelastic
      scattering.

PMID- 9954132
TI  - Classification and construction of six-quark basis states from parity
      eigenfunctions for N-N processes.

PMID- 9954131
TI  - Nuclear force in the Skyrme model.

PMID- 9954133
TI  - Structure of S from nuclear production experiments.

PMID- 9954134
TI  - Nuclear reactions induced by pi - at rest.

PMID- 9954135
TI  - Decay of 80Zn: Implications for shell structure and r-process nucleosynthesis.

PMID- 9954136
TI  - Gamow-Teller beta decay of 29Na and comparison with shell-model predictions.

PMID- 9954137
TI  - Algebraic solution of a general quadrupole Hamiltonian in the interacting boson
      model.

PMID- 9954138
TI  - Alpha particle cluster states in fp-shell nuclei.

PMID- 9954140
TI  - Nucleus as a canonical ensemble: d/p ratio and entropy at high temperature.

PMID- 9954139
TI  - Nucleus as a canonical ensemble: Entropy and level density at low temperature.

PMID- 9954141
TI  - Nuclear ground-state properties and nuclear forces in the unitary-model-operator
      approach: Application to 16O.

PMID- 9954142
TI  - Feasibility of detecting neutrinoless double-beta decay between pairs of single
      beta emitters.

PMID- 9954143
TI  - Ir(t

PMID- 9954144
TI  - Observation of 149Tm decay to 149Er levels and beta -delayed proton emission.

PMID- 9954146
TI  - Shell effects in Pb(p,xn) preequilibrium neutron emission.

PMID- 9954145
TI  - Intermediate-mass fragments from nonbinary processes in the reaction of 14N on Ag
      at E/A = 35 MeV.

PMID- 9954147
TI  - Two-nucleon high-spin states, the Bansal-French model and the crude shell model.

PMID- 9954148
TI  - Constrained Thomas-Fermi approach to the nuclear compressibility of a hot finite
      system.

PMID- 9954149
TI  - Analysis of coherent pion photoproduction on the deuteron at large angles.

PMID- 9954150
TI  - Spurious components in the ideal boson states.

PMID- 9954151
TI  - Effective valence proton and neutron numbers in transitional A

PMID- 9954152
TI  - Temperature distributions in nuclear collisions: Brief discussion and simple
      example.

PMID- 9954153
TI  - Theory of the (n,p) reaction on 90Zr.

PMID- 9954155
TI  - Antiproton annihilation in light nuclei.

PMID- 9954154
TI  - Weak electron-induced charged current reactions in 12C at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9954156
TI  - Comment on "Test of microscopic three-boson force in a six-fermion system"

PMID- 9954157
TI  - Ultrarelativistic hypernuclei.

PMID- 9954159
TI  - 37Cl solar neutrino capture cross section.

PMID- 9954158
TI  - Importance of the deuteron quadrupole moment in sup2H

PMID- 9954160
TI  - Deuteron-nucleus elastic scattering: Solution of the standard model via the
      finite element method.

PMID- 9954161
TI  - Search for nonresonant capture in the 16O( alpha, gamma )20Ne reaction at low
      energies.

PMID- 9954162
TI  - Random phase approximation effects in the longitudinal response function of 12C.

PMID- 9954163
TI  - Photonuclear and atomic cross sections of 27Al between 3 and 38 MeV.

PMID- 9954164
TI  - Proton resonances in 24Mg from Ex=12.7 to 15.7 MeV.

PMID- 9954165
TI  - Nuclear reaction theory of resonances belonging to a rotational band.

PMID- 9954166
TI  - 111Ag utilizing the (3He, pn gamma ) reaction: A rotational nucleus with
      intermediate deformation.

PMID- 9954167
TI  - Photon scattering from 90Zr below neutron emission threshold.

PMID- 9954169
TI  - Internal and barrier wave interpretation of the oscillations of the fusion
      excitation function.

PMID- 9954168
TI  - 73Ge(t,p)75Ge at Et

PMID- 9954170
TI  - Lifetime and g-factor measurements of yrast states in 134Nd and 136Nd.

PMID- 9954171
TI  - Dynamical effects in the Coulomb expansion following nuclear fragmentation.

PMID- 9954173
TI  - Dynamics of direct transfer reactions induced by heavy ions in the Fermi energy
      domain.

PMID- 9954172
TI  - Velocity and angular distributions of evaporation residues from 32S-induced
      reactions.

PMID- 9954174
TI  - Observation of collective behavior in 110Sn.

PMID- 9954175
TI  - Resonance behavior in the 24Mg

PMID- 9954176
TI  - Spin density and the real part of the heavy-ion potential.

PMID- 9954177
TI  - Phase structure of excited baryonic matter in the relativistic mean field theory.

PMID- 9954178
TI  - Photoexcitation mechanisms and photofission cross section for Bi by 100-300 MeV
      quasi-monochromatic photons.

PMID- 9954179
TI  - Delta production in proton-nucleus scattering at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9954180
TI  - Differential range measurement of the interaction of 238U with 400 GeV protons.

PMID- 9954182
TI  - Total reaction cross sections of 50 and 65 MeV pions on nuclei.

PMID- 9954181
TI  - Energy dependence of the 12C(p, pi +)13C

PMID- 9954184
TI  - European Muon Collaboration effect in the hybrid quark-hadron model.

PMID- 9954183
TI  - Pion elastic and inelastic scattering from 51V at 180 MeV.

PMID- 9954185
TI  - Generalized impulse approximation for relativistic proton scattering.

PMID- 9954186
TI  - Momentum-space second-order optical potential for pion-nucleus elastic
      scattering.

PMID- 9954187
TI  - Decay of 100Sr and a "pairing-free" K pi =1(+) rotational band in odd-odd 100Y.

PMID- 9954188
TI  - E0 study of 0(+) states near 5 MeV in 208Pb.

PMID- 9954190
TI  - Variational bounds for the triton.

PMID- 9954189
TI  - Determination of the absolute K through O conversion coefficients of the 80-keV
      M4 transition in 193Irm.

PMID- 9954191
TI  - Charge dependence in the triton.

PMID- 9954192
TI  - Isovector pairing collective motion: Generator-coordinate-method approach.

PMID- 9954193
TI  - Fermion dynamical symmetry model of nuclei: Basis, Hamiltonian, and symmetries.

PMID- 9954195
TI  - Weak evidence for a nuclear Josephson effect in the 34S(32S, 32S) elastic
      scattering reaction.

PMID- 9954194
TI  - Interaction energy in infinite nuclear matter in the hybrid soliton model.

PMID- 9954197
TI  - Angular momentum saturation in the 209Bi( alpha,2n) reaction.

PMID- 9954196
TI  - Thermal cross section for 10B(n,t)2 alpha.

PMID- 9954199
TI  - Predictions for magnetic moments and beta -decay transition strengths for mirror
      nuclei.

PMID- 9954198
TI  - Neutral pion production cross sections in heavy ion collisions from 80 to 219
      MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9954200
TI  - Rotational structure of highly deformed 99Y: 536-keV band.

PMID- 9954201
TI  - Nucleon momentum distribution in 2H from y-scaling analysis of inclusive
      electrodisintegration.

PMID- 9954202
TI  - Classification of i-active states in an isospin-invariant fermion dynamical
      symmetry model.

PMID- 9954203
TI  - Comment on "Reduction of coupled equations for heavy ion reactions"

PMID- 9954204
TI  - Discussion of a new supersymmetry classification of nuclear levels in 195Pt.

PMID- 9954205
TI  - Erratum: Fusion-energy reaction 3H

PMID- 9954206
TI  - pi d elastic amplitudes in the 117-324 MeV region.

PMID- 9954207
TI  - Systematic evidence for degrees of freedom beyond the sd phenomenological
      interacting boson model.

PMID- 9954208
TI  - Rotational versus pseudo-L symmetries in the interacting boson-fermion-model
      description of deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9954209
TI  - Classical dynamical polarization effects due to Coulomb potential between
      deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9954210
TI  - Coupled K pi =0(+) and K pi =0(-) vibrations in 234U.

PMID- 9954212
TI  - 12C

PMID- 9954211
TI  - Ground-state photoneutron reactions in sup18O.

PMID- 9954213
TI  - Spectroscopy of 18O: Radiative capture, 14C( alpha, gamma )18O.

PMID- 9954214
TI  - 9B excited states and analysis of the 9Be(3He,t) spectra.

PMID- 9954215
TI  - Unified formulation of variational approaches and separable expansions for the
      solution of scattering equations.

PMID- 9954216
TI  - Absolute photoneutron cross sections for Zr, I, Pr, Au, and Pb.

PMID- 9954217
TI  - Photon scattering on 238U and the interpretation of near-threshold photofission
      resonances.

PMID- 9954218
TI  - Energy dependence of the optical-model potential for fast-neutron scattering from
      bismuth.

PMID- 9954220
TI  - Coulomb and nuclear excitation of giant dipole resonances in ( alpha, alpha ')
      inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9954219
TI  - Global optical potential for alpha particles with energies above 80 MeV.

PMID- 9954221
TI  - Preequilibrium (p,p') spectra for nuclei around neutron number 50.

PMID- 9954222
TI  - Proton and alpha emission in 20Ne+24Mg collisions below 10 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9954223
TI  - Fusion evaporation and fusion-fission with aligned 23Na ions at energies near and
      below the fusion barrier.

PMID- 9954225
TI  - Origin of the oscillations in the 12C+12C fusion excitation function in terms of
      internal and barrier waves.

PMID- 9954224
TI  - Distribution of reaction strength in 32S

PMID- 9954226
TI  - Fission and deep-inelastic scattering yields for 58Ni

PMID- 9954227
TI  - Angular distributions of high energy gamma rays from heavy-ion collisions via an
      n-p bremsstrahlung interpretation.

PMID- 9954228
TI  - Incomplete momentum transfer in the 40Ar+58Ni reaction.

PMID- 9954230
TI  - Folding model for sub-barrier interaction between alpha-type nuclei.

PMID- 9954229
TI  - Modified Glauber model for the description of elastic scattering between heavy
      ions.

PMID- 9954231
TI  - Measurement of Ann, Ano, and Aon for the reaction pp-->d pi

PMID- 9954232
TI  - Identification of the different orders of scattering in alpha -nucleus reactions.

PMID- 9954233
TI  - Spin polarization and spin alignment in hypernuclei.

PMID- 9954234
TI  - Collective excitation of 172Yb from inelastic alpha scattering at 36 MeV.

PMID- 9954235
TI  - Mass dependence of pion single-charge exchange to the isobaric analog state at 20
      MeV.

PMID- 9954236
TI  - Unitary meson-exchange pi NN models: NN and pi d elastic scattering.

PMID- 9954237
TI  - Elastic scattering of 30 MeV positive and negative pions from nickel isotopes.

PMID- 9954239
TI  - Proton-induced spallation reactions between 300 MeV and 20 GeV.

PMID- 9954238
TI  - Double charge exchange to the double isobaric analog state at T pi ~292 MeV.

PMID- 9954240
TI  - Poincare invariant potential model.

PMID- 9954241
TI  - Conventional nuclear European Muon Collaboration effect in deep inelastic lepton
      nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9954242
TI  - Upper limits on the mixing of heavy neutrinos in the beta decay of 63Ni.

PMID- 9954243
TI  - Transition through triaxial shapes of the light samarium isotopes and the beta
      decay of 136,138,140Eu.

PMID- 9954244
TI  - Bound-state beta decay of highly ionized atoms.

PMID- 9954245
TI  - alpha -decay reduced width of 194Pb and low-spin levels in 194Tl populated in
      194Pb beta decay.

PMID- 9954246
TI  - Level structure of 159Eu from the beta - decay of the recently discovered isotope
      159Sm.

PMID- 9954248
TI  - Thermostatic properties of polarized nuclear matter.

PMID- 9954247
TI  - Realistic few-quasiparticle level densities in spherical nuclei.

PMID- 9954249
TI  - Soliton matter in the two-dimensional linear sigma model.

PMID- 9954251
TI  - Nuclear elasticity applied to giant resonances of fast rotating nuclei.

PMID- 9954250
TI  - Nuclear charge radii of proton-rich strontium isotopes.

PMID- 9954252
TI  - Truncation, statistical inference, and single-particle description.

PMID- 9954254
TI  - Pion production, pion absorption, and nucleon properties in dense nuclear matter:
      Relativistic Dirac-Brueckner approach at intermediate and high energies.

PMID- 9954253
TI  - Spectral distribution calculations of the level density of 24Mg.

PMID- 9954255
TI  - Photoneutron cross section for 29Si.

PMID- 9954256
TI  - Photodisintegration of 4He in the Delta region.

PMID- 9954257
TI  - Dynamic polarization potential for coupled-channels effects on the heavy-ion
      fusion reactions.

PMID- 9954258
TI  - Interaction of neutral kaons with nuclei and neutron distributions.

PMID- 9954259
TI  - Classical microscopic calculations of 16O+16O and 40Ca+40Ca fusion cross
      sections.

PMID- 9954260
TI  - Nuclear bound states of the eta 0 meson and pion double-charge-exchange
      reactions.

PMID- 9954261
TI  - Unknown hypernucleus emitted from the S-substitutional 1 Lambda 2C excited state.

PMID- 9954262
TI  - Comment on "Electroexcitation of M4 transitions in 17O and 18O"

PMID- 9954263
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Electroexcitation of M4 transitions in 17O and 18O' "

PMID- 9954264
TI  - Erratum: Gamow-Teller strength in the 26Mg(p,n)26Al reaction at 135 MeV and its
      fractionation into T=0, 1, and 2 isospin channels

PMID- 9954265
TI  - Erratum: Dirac equation with a separable potential

PMID- 9954267
TI  - Vacuum instability for model field theories.

PMID- 9954266
TI  - Observation of both h11/2 proton and neutron alignments in 139Pm.

PMID- 9954268
TI  - Core-polarization effects on stretched particle-hole excitations in closed shell
      nuclei.

PMID- 9954269
TI  - Correlations between observables in n-d scattering.

PMID- 9954270
TI  - Deformed nucleonic bags and nuclear magnetic properties.

PMID- 9954271
TI  - Isospin sum rule for nuclear photoabsorption: Effect of retardation.

PMID- 9954272
TI  - Neutron-deuteron scattering calculations with W-matrix representation of the two
      body input.

PMID- 9954273
TI  - 34S(p,n)34Cl reaction at 35 MeV and its microscopic distorted-wave Born
      approximation analysis: Stringent test of the shell model.

PMID- 9954274
TI  - Off-shell effects in the nucleon-nucleon-alpha system.

PMID- 9954275
TI  - High-resolution inelastic electron scattering from 17O.

PMID- 9954277
TI  - Use of splines to calculate resonance poles and Gamow states.

PMID- 9954276
TI  - Algebraic approach to the two-Skyrmion system.

PMID- 9954279
TI  - Tensor polarization of the deuteron as a test of quantum chromodynamics.

PMID- 9954278
TI  - Eigenvalue problem for Gamow vectors and a separable approximation for the N-N
      interaction.

PMID- 9954280
TI  - 90Zr(n,d)89Y reaction at 22 MeV.

PMID- 9954281
TI  - Inelastic proton scattering exciting the gamma -vibrational band in deformed
      nuclei (152 <= A <= 192) at 65 MeV and the systematics of the hexadecapole (Y42)
      strength of the gamma vibration.

PMID- 9954282
TI  - Fermi-surface anomaly for neutrons in yttrium.

PMID- 9954283
TI  - 112Cd from 110Cd(t,p).

PMID- 9954285
TI  - Core polarization and quenching in stretched spin states: Case study of the 9-
      Ex=3.522 MeV state in 116Sn.

PMID- 9954284
TI  - 89Y

PMID- 9954286
TI  - Spatial development of inelastic scattering and particle transfer cross sections
      in very heavy ion reactions.

PMID- 9954287
TI  - Similar rotational band structures in doubly-odd 136Pm and 134Pr.

PMID- 9954289
TI  - Magnetic properties of the 176Lu ground-state band.

PMID- 9954288
TI  - Excitation functions for production of heavy actinides from interactions of 16O
      with 249Cf.

PMID- 9954290
TI  - Search for high excitation energy structures in 90Zr and 208Pb, via 20Ne
      inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9954291
TI  - Nucleus-nucleus optical potential in an optimal approximation.

PMID- 9954292
TI  - Ultradipole photons in low-energy heavy-ion reactions.

PMID- 9954293
TI  - High-spin states in doubly-odd 130La.

PMID- 9954294
TI  - Effect of high spin states on fusion in heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9954295
TI  - Sequential breakup cross section of 6Li

PMID- 9954296
TI  - Systematics of the release of residual nuclei from relativistic nucleus-nucleus
      interactions.

PMID- 9954297
TI  - Giant resonances in excited Sn isotopes.

PMID- 9954298
TI  - Thermal-neutron fission cross section of 26.1-min 235Um.

PMID- 9954299
TI  - Exchange effects and large angle proton scattering on light nuclei at
      intermediate energies: p+3He scattering.

PMID- 9954300
TI  - Quark compound bag model for NN scattering up to 1 GeV.

PMID- 9954301
TI  - Short range delta-nucleon interaction in pion-deuteron elastic scattering.

PMID- 9954303
TI  - Protonium and baryonium states with the Graz potential.

PMID- 9954302
TI  - Current conservation and interaction currents in relativistic meson theories.

PMID- 9954304
TI  - Inelastic pion scattering to low-lying excited states of 44Ca.

PMID- 9954305
TI  - Charge-symmetry breaking in neutron-proton elastic scattering.

PMID- 9954307
TI  - Systematics of angular-dependent neutron production by 585 MeV protons on targets
      with 12 <= A <= 238: Differential cross section measurements.

PMID- 9954306
TI  - Cancellations in axial-vector amplitudes and Ward-Takahashi relation.

PMID- 9954308
TI  - Systematics of angular-dependent neutron production by 585 MeV protons on targets
      with 12 <= A <= 238: Validation of intranuclear cascade-evaporation model
      calculations.

PMID- 9954309
TI  - Experimental search for nonstrange narrow isovector dibaryons.

PMID- 9954310
TI  - Tensor and vector spin observables in p-d elastic scattering at 600, 800, and
      1000 MeV.

PMID- 9954311
TI  - Model for tunneling in many-particle systems.

PMID- 9954312
TI  - Green's function Monte Carlo study of light nuclei.

PMID- 9954313
TI  - Simple parametrization for low energy octupole modes of s-d shell nuclei.

PMID- 9954315
TI  - Model wave functions for the deuteron.

PMID- 9954314
TI  - Nucleon-nucleon tensor interaction and the triton binding energy.

PMID- 9954316
TI  - Quark cluster model for nuclear matter.

PMID- 9954317
TI  - Rotational model and shell model pictures of magnetic dipole excitations.

PMID- 9954319
TI  - Magnetic moments of 119Tem, 121Tem, and 123Tem.

PMID- 9954318
TI  - Collective magnetic multipole excitations in open shells: 48Ti.

PMID- 9954320
TI  - Nuclear orientation and nuclear magnetic resonance of 196Au in Fe.

PMID- 9954321
TI  - Geometrical representation of interacting boson models: U(3) model.

PMID- 9954323
TI  - Generator coordinate method approach to the dynamic group representation.

PMID- 9954322
TI  - Magnetic moments of excited states in the stable chromium isotopes.

PMID- 9954325
TI  - Extension of the yrast band in 74Se.

PMID- 9954324
TI  - Description of the K pi =1(+) isovector states within a generalized coherent
      state model.

PMID- 9954326
TI  - Search for double beta decay in 100Mo and 92Mo.

PMID- 9954327
TI  - Reactions with 40Ar and 84Kr leading to the same compound nucleus, 200Po.

PMID- 9954328
TI  - Search for sharp lines in e+-e

PMID- 9954329
TI  - Elastic scattering of 19.5 and 30 MeV negative pions from 12C.

PMID- 9954330
TI  - E0 decays of 0+ states in 146Gd: Search for two-phonon octupole excitations.

PMID- 9954331
TI  - Observation of vector analyzing power in elastic scattering of 150-MeV 6Li on
      12C.

PMID- 9954332
TI  - Deuteron bremsstrahlung-weighted photonuclear sum rule.

PMID- 9954333
TI  - Pion multiplicities in dynamical models of heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9954334
TI  - Microscopic optical-potential analysis of charge-symmetry violation in pi +/-
      elastic scattering from 3H and 3He 3He.

PMID- 9954335
TI  - Possible existence of new K pi =0(+) low-lying excited bands in 168Er.

PMID- 9954336
TI  - Dynamical symmetries in even-even Te nuclides.

PMID- 9954337
TI  - Effective Lambda NN interactions in light hypernuclei.

PMID- 9954338
TI  - Global optical potentials for elastic p+ 40Ca scattering using the Dirac
      equation.

PMID- 9954339
TI  - Evidence for predicted level crossing in doubly decoupled structures.

PMID- 9954340
TI  - Search for entrance-channel effects in the production of superdeformed nuclei.

PMID- 9954342
TI  - rho - omega mixing in nuclear charge asymmetry.

PMID- 9954341
TI  - Excitation of the Delta (3,3) resonance in compressed finite nuclei.

PMID- 9954344
TI  - Microscopic analysis of the 13C( alpha,n

PMID- 9954345
TI  - Transverse isoscalar excitations in 24Mg by 180 degrees electron scattering.

PMID- 9954343
TI  - Gamow-Teller and M1 strength in the 32S(p,n)32Cl reaction at 135 MeV.

PMID- 9954347
TI  - Properties of the E1 giant resonance built on the first excited state of 16O.

PMID- 9954346
TI  - Longitudinal response of three-body nuclei.

PMID- 9954348
TI  - Polarized, high-density, gaseous 3He targets.

PMID- 9954349
TI  - Unified description of the neutron-208Pb mean field between -20 and +165 MeV from
      the dispersion relation constraint.

PMID- 9954350
TI  - High spin states in 52Cr

PMID- 9954351
TI  - Level spectrum of 219Ra and weak coupling in the light actinide region.

PMID- 9954352
TI  - Inclusive two-particle correlations for 16O-induced reactions on 197Au at E/A=94
      MeV.

PMID- 9954353
TI  - Band structure in 180Re and the different coupling schemes in a deformed doubly
      odd nucleus.

PMID- 9954354
TI  - Rotational bands in 133Ce.

PMID- 9954355
TI  - High spin states in 98Tc via the 94Zr(7Li,3n)98Tc reaction.

PMID- 9954357
TI  - Target residues from the interaction of copper with 35 MeV/nucleon 12C ions.

PMID- 9954358
TI  - High-spin excitations in the rotating frame and sudden approximations.

PMID- 9954356
TI  - Molecular single-particle effects in the 12C

PMID- 9954359
TI  - Applications of the extended Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck model to participant and
      spectator dynamics.

PMID- 9954360
TI  - Level structure of 140Nd.

PMID- 9954361
TI  - Band crossings in even-even 138Sm and 134Nd.

PMID- 9954362
TI  - Viewing the liquid-gas phase transition by measuring proton correlations.

PMID- 9954363
TI  - Yield and recoil properties of iodine isotopes from the interaction of 240 MeV
      12C with 238U.

PMID- 9954364
TI  - Interference effects between 17O states populated in the 13C(6Li,d)17O*--> alpha
      +13C reaction.

PMID- 9954365
TI  - Spectroscopy of high spin states in 73Br.

PMID- 9954366
TI  - Target asymmetry measurement in gamma d-->

PMID- 9954367
TI  - Medium energy proton scattering from 154Gd and the interacting boson model of
      nuclei.

PMID- 9954369
TI  - Quark model of the pi -pp-->

PMID- 9954368
TI  - Effect of neutron-proton mass difference on charge symmetry breaking in neutron
      proton elastic scattering.

PMID- 9954370
TI  - Electromagnetic interaction of an off-shell nucleon.

PMID- 9954371
TI  - Nucleon electromagnetic form factors from scattering of polarized muons or
      electrons.

PMID- 9954372
TI  - Meson-nucleus interactions using polarized nuclei.

PMID- 9954373
TI  - Deuteron properties of the coupled nucleon and isobar channels model.

PMID- 9954374
TI  - N Delta -NN interaction in the pionic disintegration of the deuteron.

PMID- 9954375
TI  - Effective hadron theories from a quark model.

PMID- 9954376
TI  - 228Th nuclear states fed in 228Ac decay.

PMID- 9954377
TI  - Electric monopole transitions in 122Te.

PMID- 9954378
TI  - Double K-shell ionization accompanying the internal conversion of the 0.166-MeV
      transition in 139La.

PMID- 9954380
TI  - Vibrational modes at finite temperature: Restoring force and mass parameters for
      multipole excitations.

PMID- 9954379
TI  - Reconstituting rotational band structure from deformed boson expansions: Model
      test.

PMID- 9954382
TI  - Quarks and the saturation properties of nuclear matter.

PMID- 9954381
TI  - Nuclear structure of light thallium isotopes as deduced from laser spectroscopy
      on a fast atom beam.

PMID- 9954383
TI  - Coexistence and B(E2)'s in even Ge nuclei.

PMID- 9954384
TI  - Systematics of light deformed nuclei in relativistic mean-field models.

PMID- 9954385
TI  - Shape changes and alignment properties in 77Kr.

PMID- 9954387
TI  - 3s1/2 spectroscopic strength distribution in 207Tl and 205Tl.

PMID- 9954386
TI  - SU(3) x SU(4) limit of an isospin invariant fermion dynamical symmetry model.

PMID- 9954388
TI  - Triaxiality in the proton-neutron interacting boson model: Systematic study of
      perturbations in the SU(3) limit.

PMID- 9954389
TI  - Triaxiality in the proton-neutron interacting boson model: Perturbed O(6)
      symmetry with application to the mass A

PMID- 9954390
TI  - Isovector excitations of N

PMID- 9954391
TI  - Excitation of the Delta (3,3) resonance in compressed finite nuclei from a
      constrained mean-field method.

PMID- 9954392
TI  - Determination of the collective Hamiltonian in a self-consistent theory of large
      amplitude adiabatic motion.

PMID- 9954394
TI  - Pionic fusion near threshold using the 208Pb(3He, pi -)211At reaction.

PMID- 9954393
TI  - Application of a theory of large amplitude collective motion to a generalized
      landscape model.

PMID- 9954395
TI  - 7Li(p

PMID- 9954396
TI  - Simultaneous population of large and small deformation bands at very high spin in
      152Dy.

PMID- 9954397
TI  - Forward angle measurements of 60 MeV/nucleon 40Ar peripheral interactions on
      208Pb.

PMID- 9954398
TI  - Significance of the 54Fe (n,p) measurement of the Gamow-Teller transition.

PMID- 9954399
TI  - Coupling between the isoscalar and isovector monopole resonances in N

PMID- 9954401
TI  - One- and two-step contributions to the 90Zr(p,n)90Nb cross section at 0 degrees.

PMID- 9954402
TI  - Comment on "Charge dependence of the nucleon-nucleon interaction due to the pion
      mass difference"

PMID- 9954400
TI  - Spectral distribution calculations using Wildenthal's universal sd interaction.

PMID- 9954404
TI  - Search for heavy-ion radioactivity from 241Am.

PMID- 9954403
TI  - Erratum: Theory of kaonic hydrogen

PMID- 9954405
TI  - Angular momentum dependence of complex fragment emission.

PMID- 9954407
TI  - Absolute gamma intensities in the A=98 transitional nuclei and shape coexistence
      in 98Y.

PMID- 9954406
TI  - Radioactive decay of 234U via Ne and Mg emission.

PMID- 9954408
TI  - Two-body exit channels in p

PMID- 9954410
TI  - Three-body breakup: Asymptotic behavior.

PMID- 9954411
TI  - 12C( gamma,n) cross section from 30 to 100 MeV.

PMID- 9954409
TI  - 1H(d

PMID- 9954412
TI  - Kemmer-Duffin-Petiau equations from two-body Dirac equations.

PMID- 9954413
TI  - Proton resonances in 32S from Ex=9.83 to 12.74 MeV.

PMID- 9954414
TI  - Unified treatment of bound-state and scattering problems.

PMID- 9954415
TI  - Nuclear structure of 48Ca.

PMID- 9954417
TI  - Coherent pickup and knockout contributions to the 144Nd(p, alpha )141Pr reaction.

PMID- 9954416
TI  - Proton occupation numbers in 206Pb from the (d

PMID- 9954418
TI  - High-spin states of (1f7/2)-2 character in 56,58,60,62Co.

PMID- 9954419
TI  - From binary breakup to multifragmentation: Computer simulation.

PMID- 9954420
TI  - Lifetimes of yrast and near-yrast states of 159,160,161Yb.

PMID- 9954421
TI  - Level structure of 83Zr.

PMID- 9954422
TI  - Elastic scattering of 210 MeV 6Li ions from 12C and 58Ni and unique 6Li-nucleus
      optical potentials.

PMID- 9954423
TI  - Analysis of damped and fusion processes in the 197Au+51V reaction at Elab

PMID- 9954424
TI  - Fragmentation of 16O projectiles at 100 MeV per nucleon.

PMID- 9954425
TI  - Multiplicity and bombarding energy dependence of the entropy in relativistic
      heavy-ion reactions.

PMID- 9954426
TI  - Excitation energy division in the quasielastic region from reactions of 12
      MeV/nucleon 48Ti with 150Nd.

PMID- 9954427
TI  - Quasi-elastic processes in 58Ni- and 64Ni-induced reactions on Sn isotopes.

PMID- 9954428
TI  - Properties of kaon-photoproduction operator on nucleons and nuclei.

PMID- 9954429
TI  - S-wave optical potential in pionic atoms.

PMID- 9954430
TI  - 16O(p

PMID- 9954431
TI  - Relativistic effects in forward angle proton-nucleus elastic scattering.

PMID- 9954432
TI  - High momentum components in nuclei.

PMID- 9954433
TI  - Role of pair terms in NN scattering.

PMID- 9954434
TI  - Search for short lived neutral particle in the 15.1 MeV isovector transition of
      12C.

PMID- 9954435
TI  - Intruder state collectivity at a double subshell closure from the beta decay of 0
      96Yg to the levels of 96Zr.

PMID- 9954437
TI  - Intrinsic operators and wave functions for the interacting boson model.

PMID- 9954436
TI  - Basis for relativistic models of nuclear structure in field-theoretic models of
      the strong interaction.

PMID- 9954438
TI  - 10+ yrast isomer in 132Ba.

PMID- 9954440
TI  - Nuclear level density parameter-its dependence on spin and temperature.

PMID- 9954441
TI  - Fluctuations and the thermal mean-field approach.

PMID- 9954439
TI  - Potential description of the positive- and negative-energy properties of the
      alpha + 40Ca system and alpha -cluster structure of 44Ti.

PMID- 9954442
TI  - Systematic procedure for going beyond the time-dependent Hartree-Fock
      approximation.

PMID- 9954443
TI  - Tails of the rotational strength function in the nuclear quasicontinuum.

PMID- 9954444
TI  - Coulomb effects in asymptotic normalization constants: A soluble model.

PMID- 9954445
TI  - Configuration mixing and electromagnetic properties of odd-even nuclei.

PMID- 9954446
TI  - Estimate of the triton asymptotic D to S ratio.

PMID- 9954448
TI  - Low temperature kinetics of nuclear superfluids.

PMID- 9954447
TI  - Band structure in 133,135Pr.

PMID- 9954449
TI  - Complex scaling in the cluster model: Resonances in 8Be.

PMID- 9954450
TI  - Target/projectile mass dependence of light ion yields from heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9954451
TI  - Four-fragment exit channel in the interaction of 1050 MeV 84Kr with U studied
      with mica detectors.

PMID- 9954452
TI  - Differential cross section and analyzing power measurements for p+p elastic
      scattering at 497.5 MeV.

PMID- 9954453
TI  - Calculation of energy levels of 232Th, 232-238U for the K pi =0(+) ground state
      bands.

PMID- 9954454
TI  - Active target production of muons for muon-catalyzed fusion.

PMID- 9954456
TI  - Yukawa theories in nuclear physics.

PMID- 9954455
TI  - Angular and spectral distributions for subthreshold pion production.

PMID- 9954457
TI  - Mass dependence of the semiclassical corrections in the treatment of the nucleon
      nucleus optical potential.

PMID- 9954458
TI  - Alpha particle cluster states in 40Ca.

PMID- 9954460
TI  - Energy and symmetry of states in light nuclei.

PMID- 9954459
TI  - Comment on "No two-proton strength to 72Ge(02+)"

PMID- 9954462
TI  - Breakup-fusion analysis of continuum spectra of alpha - and h-induced reactions.

PMID- 9954461
TI  - Octupole deformation in odd-odd nuclei.

PMID- 9954463
TI  - Structure of the 6Li-->p+(n alpha ) vertex: Three-body formalism.

PMID- 9954465
TI  - Structure of the 6Li-->p+(n alpha ) vertex: 6Li(e,e'p)n alpha reaction.

PMID- 9954464
TI  - Structure of the 6Li-->p+(n alpha ) vertex: 6Li(p,2p)n alpha reaction.

PMID- 9954467
TI  - Extension of the minimal three-nucleon model to the unphysical sheet of energy.

PMID- 9954466
TI  - Direct calculation of the S matrix in coordinate space.

PMID- 9954468
TI  - Ground state proton capture reactions from 20 to 100 MeV.

PMID- 9954470
TI  - Intrinsic radial sensitivity of nucleon inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9954469
TI  - E1 polarizability of 7Li and astrophysical S factor for 4He(t, gamma )7Li.

PMID- 9954471
TI  - Final-state electronic interactions in allowed beta decay.

PMID- 9954473
TI  - Effects of final-state interaction on the 12C(e,e'p

PMID- 9954472
TI  - Proton elastic scattering from 12C at 250 MeV and energy dependent potentials
      between 200 and 300 MeV.

PMID- 9954474
TI  - Ambiguity-free polarization measurements from mixture initial preparations.

PMID- 9954476
TI  - Low-lying states in 111In.

PMID- 9954475
TI  - Coexistence in the even zinc isotopes.

PMID- 9954478
TI  - 82Se(t,p)84Se reaction at 17 MeV.

PMID- 9954477
TI  - 93Nb(n,xp), natAg(n,xp), and natIn(n,xp) reactions at 14.1 MeV.

PMID- 9954479
TI  - Neutron capture cross section of 197Au: A standard for stellar nucleosynthesis.

PMID- 9954480
TI  - Non-yrast states in even-even 98Ru.

PMID- 9954481
TI  - 111Cd from the (3He,2n gamma ) reaction and a rotational interpretation.

PMID- 9954482
TI  - Collective and single particle structure in 103Rh.

PMID- 9954483
TI  - Observation of collective flow in relativistic nuclear collisions by transverse
      momentum analysis.

PMID- 9954484
TI  - Lateral ejection of low energy protons in high energy heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9954485
TI  - Identification of the (9/2(+) to (5/2(-) transition in 69Se.

PMID- 9954487
TI  - Momentum space simulation of proton spectra in heavy ion reactions.

PMID- 9954486
TI  - 28Si

PMID- 9954488
TI  - Light particle emissions in 12C+64Ni at E(12C)=35-70 MeV.

PMID- 9954489
TI  - Four-body calculation of the 0(+)-1(+) binding energy difference in the A=4
      Lambda hypernuclei.

PMID- 9954491
TI  - Inelastic pion scattering from 13C at 65 MeV.

PMID- 9954490
TI  - Energy dependence of neutron-proton matrix element ratios derived from 25-800 MeV
      energy proton scattering.

PMID- 9954493
TI  - Total radiative capture rates for three- and four-nucleon pionic atoms.

PMID- 9954492
TI  - Relativistic treatment of (p,p' gamma ) reactions.

PMID- 9954494
TI  - Nuclear structure effects in double-beta decay.

PMID- 9954495
TI  - Triple angular correlations in the decay of 110Agm.

PMID- 9954496
TI  - Shell-model description of the beta - decay of the N=21 and 22 isotones 34Al,
      36Si, and 37P.

PMID- 9954497
TI  - Branching ratios of 9C to low lying states in 9B.

PMID- 9954499
TI  - Neutron stars and the equation of state.

PMID- 9954498
TI  - Nuclear charge symmetry breaking and the 3H

PMID- 9954500
TI  - Effect of nuclear deformation on few-quasiparticle state densities.

PMID- 9954501
TI  - Systematics of B(E2;01+-->21+) values for even-even nuclei.

PMID- 9954502
TI  - Comparison of the symplectic shell model and Hartree-Fock results for excited
      0(+) states of 4He.

PMID- 9954503
TI  - Band structure and determination of K quantum numbers for odd-odd systems in the
      interacting boson-fermion-fermion model.

PMID- 9954504
TI  - Microscopic approach to enforced SU(6) symmetry in random phase approximation.

PMID- 9954505
TI  - Effect of rotation on the isovector giant dipole resonance in certain calcium
      isotopes.

PMID- 9954506
TI  - Low-lying levels in 148Pm.

PMID- 9954507
TI  - Low-lying l=3 proton resonances in 50Cr

PMID- 9954508
TI  - Pion inelastic scattering from 48,50Ti, 52Cr, and 54,56Fe: Higher-lying states.

PMID- 9954509
TI  - Measurement of charged pion asymmetries in scattering of polarized electrons from
      polarized 3He.

PMID- 9954510
TI  - 20Ne

PMID- 9954512
TI  - Photons from ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9954511
TI  - Application of Gamow resonances to continuum nuclear spectra.

PMID- 9954513
TI  - Comment on "Low-frequency anomaly in 172Os moment of inertia"

PMID- 9954514
TI  - Comment on "Algebraic analysis of physical and spurious states in Dyson boson
      mapping"

PMID- 9954515
TI  - Comment on the characterization of the giant quadrupole resonance in 208Pb as
      reported from pi +/ pi - scattering.

PMID- 9954516
TI  - Signatures of initial- and final-state interactions in pion absorption.

PMID- 9954518
TI  - Erratum: Spectral distribution calculations of the level density of 24Mg

PMID- 9954517
TI  - Comment on "Trends of total reaction cross section for heavy ion collisions in
      the intermediate energy range"
AB  - The energy-dependent, semiempirical, surface transparency factor of Kox et al. is
      accurately represented by a simple analytical expression. Total reaction cross
      sections obtained using this parametrization agree with Kox's predictions to
      within four percent.

PMID- 9954520
TI  - Search for mixed-symmetry states in the O(6) nucleus 134Ba.

PMID- 9954519
TI  - Electroexcitation of high-multipolarity transitions in 140Ce.

PMID- 9954521
TI  - Low-energy pion double charge exchange on Ca isotopes.

PMID- 9954522
TI  - Spin-flip excitations in a schematic model.

PMID- 9954523
TI  - Evidence for dispersion relation corrections in inelastic nucleon scattering to
      the 3- state in 208Pb.

PMID- 9954524
TI  - 7Be(n,p)7Li total cross section from 25 meV to 13.5 keV.

PMID- 9954525
TI  - Coulomb Faddeev calculation of d+p-->p+p+n spectra near threshold and three-body
      effects.

PMID- 9954526
TI  - Off-shell properties of the two-nucleon t matrix.

PMID- 9954527
TI  - Possibility of new information about the N-N force in N-d polarization
      observables.

PMID- 9954528
TI  - Medium-spin states in 99Mo.

PMID- 9954529
TI  - Preequilibrium (n,n') cross sections on nuclei around atomic number 50 at En=14.1
      MeV.

PMID- 9954530
TI  - Fragment spectra from reactions induced by 35 MeV/nucleon 14N on 165Ho.

PMID- 9954531
TI  - Angular momentum in a statistical formalism for complex particle emission.

PMID- 9954532
TI  - High spin structure in the odd-proton nucleus 133Pr.

PMID- 9954533
TI  - Heavy-ion optical potential for sub-barrier fusion deduced from a dispersion
      relation.

PMID- 9954534
TI  - Fluctuation and resonance analysis for 11B+12C, 7Li+16O, and 10B+13C induced
      reactions.

PMID- 9954536
TI  - Mean field effects in hot compressed nuclear matter.

PMID- 9954535
TI  - Relativistic nuclear fluid dynamics and Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck kinetic theory.

PMID- 9954537
TI  - Dissipation and forces in time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations.

PMID- 9954538
TI  - 13C

PMID- 9954539
TI  - Interaction time evaluation in dissipative heavy ion reactions.

PMID- 9954540
TI  - Multifragmentation and dissociation in heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9954541
TI  - Pion spectra in equilibrium models of nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9954542
TI  - Multiple alpha-transfer and dynamic Regge poles in anomalous large angle
      scattering.

PMID- 9954543
TI  - High-spin states of 99Ag and 100Cd.

PMID- 9954545
TI  - Skyrme force approach to intermediate energy proton scattering.

PMID- 9954544
TI  - Model for particle emission from a fissioning system.

PMID- 9954547
TI  - Realistic calculations for strangeness exchange at rest.

PMID- 9954546
TI  - Optical model for medium and high energy hadron-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9954548
TI  - Dirac optical potentials constrained by a Dirac-Hartree approach to nuclear
      structure.

PMID- 9954549
TI  - Energy dependence of isovector and isoscalar 1+ excitations in 28Si

PMID- 9954550
TI  - Configuration dependence in calculations for pion inelastic scattering near N=28.

PMID- 9954551
TI  - Magnetic response of closed-shell +/-1 nuclei in Dirac-Hartree approximation.

PMID- 9954553
TI  - Relativistic random-phase approximation longitudinal response function for
      quasielastic electron scattering.

PMID- 9954552
TI  - Separable approximation method for two-body relativistic scattering.

PMID- 9954554
TI  - Elastic scattering of 19.5 and 30 MeV positive and negative pions from 40Ca.

PMID- 9954555
TI  - Comparison of 13C(p, pi -)14O and 13C(p, pi +)14C

PMID- 9954556
TI  - Relativistic impulse approximation description of polarized proton elastic
      scattering from polarized 13C.

PMID- 9954557
TI  - Relativistic folding model for intermediate energy deuteron-nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9954558
TI  - Beta decay properties of 148Er and 148Ho.

PMID- 9954560
TI  - Shell model nuclear matrix elements for double beta decay.

PMID- 9954559
TI  - Decays of 118In, 120In isomers to levels in 118Sn, 120Sn, and 122Sn.

PMID- 9954561
TI  - Temperature-dependent shell effects in 16O and 40Ca with a realistic effective
      Hamiltonian.

PMID- 9954563
TI  - Systematics of g factors in the neutron-rich 142,144,146Ba isotopes.

PMID- 9954562
TI  - Essential mechanisms in the triton binding.

PMID- 9954564
TI  - Effective interaction for N=50 isotones.

PMID- 9954565
TI  - Thermodynamic coefficients of hot nuclei.

PMID- 9954566
TI  - Geometrical structure and critical phenomena in the fermion dynamical symmetry
      model: SO(8).

PMID- 9954567
TI  - Fermion calculations in the boson space using the Dyson boson mapping.

PMID- 9954568
TI  - Light-particle multiplicity accompanying projectile breakup at 20 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9954569
TI  - Elastic and inelastic scattering of 0.8 GeV protons from 40Ar.

PMID- 9954570
TI  - Large angle p

PMID- 9954571
TI  - Unusual backward emission of multifragmentation products in ultrarelativistic
      nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9954572
TI  - Measurement of the beta decay half-life of 17B.

PMID- 9954573
TI  - 48Ti

PMID- 9954574
TI  - 90Zr (p,n) and (n,p) distorted-wave impulse approximation cross sections in 2p2h
      random-phase approximation.

PMID- 9954575
TI  - E2(T=0) photofission of 236U and statistical calculations.

PMID- 9954576
TI  - Total Gamow-Teller strength and effect of configuration mixing and proton-neutron
      correlation in the even-even sd-shell nuclei.

PMID- 9954578
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Interpretation of relativistic dynamical effects in proton
      nucleus scattering.' "

PMID- 9954577
TI  - Comment on "Interpretation of relativistic dynamical effects in proton-nucleus
      scattering"

PMID- 9954579
TI  - Erratum: Band structure in 180Re and the different coupling schemes in a deformed
      doubly odd nucleus

PMID- 9954580
TI  - Analyzing powers for the reaction 2H

PMID- 9954581
TI  - Elastic scattering of 179.3 MeV antiprotons by deuterium.

PMID- 9954582
TI  - 50 MeV pion inelastic scattering to the 1+ doublet in 12C.

PMID- 9954583
TI  - Using the (p

PMID- 9954584
TI  - 12C

PMID- 9954586
TI  - p

PMID- 9954585
TI  - D-state amplitudes of three-nucleon systems using single-nucleon transfer
      reactions.

PMID- 9954588
TI  - Effect of polarization potential in proton-deuteron scattering.

PMID- 9954587
TI  - Influence of target clustering on exchange effects in internuclear interaction.

PMID- 9954589
TI  - Isospin splitting of the giant dipole resonance in the s-d shell and the
      interacting boson model.

PMID- 9954591
TI  - Isospin effects on the 15N

PMID- 9954590
TI  - Nucleon-nucleon scattering in a time-dependent treatment.

PMID- 9954592
TI  - Octupole deformation in 227Ac by single-proton stripping reactions: 226Ra( alpha,
      t)227Ac and 226Ra(3He,d)227Ac.

PMID- 9954593
TI  - Alpha scattering from 209Bi at 50.5 MeV.

PMID- 9954594
TI  - Form factors and transition charge densities for the quadrupole and hexadecupole
      electroexcitation of some 2p-1f shell nuclei.

PMID- 9954596
TI  - Pion production in a field theoretic description of hot compressed matter.

PMID- 9954595
TI  - Giant dipole resonances in excited Er isotopes.

PMID- 9954597
TI  - Comparison of Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck model with 4 pi heavy ion data.

PMID- 9954598
TI  - Quark-gluon plasma versus hadron gas. What one can learn from hadron abundances.

PMID- 9954599
TI  - Energy spectra of strange particles hadronizing from a quark-gluon plasma.

PMID- 9954600
TI  - Bubbles and drops in superheated and supercooled nuclear matter.

PMID- 9954601
TI  - Weak and strong signature splitting in doubly-odd 132Pr.

PMID- 9954603
TI  - Measurement of 12C, 16O, and 56Fe charge changing cross sections in helium at
      high energy, comparison with cross sections in hydrogen, and application to
      cosmic-ray propagation.

PMID- 9954602
TI  - Giant resonance excitations in projectile fragmentation at medium energies.

PMID- 9954605
TI  - J pi =6(+) molecular state below the barrier of the 12C

PMID- 9954604
TI  - Semiclassical theory of sub-Coulomb neutron transfer in collisions of deformed
      heavy ions and its application to the 238U

PMID- 9954606
TI  - Stochastic calculation of tunneling in systems with many degrees of freedom.

PMID- 9954607
TI  - Energy dependence of relativistic effects in the elastic scattering of polarized
      protons from 16O and 40Ca.

PMID- 9954608
TI  - Isospin distribution of quadrupole strength in 118Sn: Comparison with pion,
      nucleon, and electron scattering.

PMID- 9954609
TI  - Neutron-proton scattering observables at 325 MeV, the epsilon 1 parameter, and
      the tensor force.

PMID- 9954610
TI  - Structure of the low-lying 2+ states in 14C from inelastic pion scattering.

PMID- 9954611
TI  - (p,p' pi +) reaction at energies below 1 GeV.

PMID- 9954612
TI  - Neutron-proton final-state interaction in pi d breakup: Differential cross
      section.

PMID- 9954614
TI  - Transition densities in 30Si studied by electron scattering and coupled-channel
      calculations of 650 MeV proton scattering.

PMID- 9954613
TI  - Neutron-proton final-state interaction in pi d breakup: Vector analyzing power.

PMID- 9954615
TI  - Measurements of total and separated response functions of the deuteron through
      the quasielastic peak region for q

PMID- 9954616
TI  - Nonperipheral effects in medium energy proton scattering on collective nuclear
      states.

PMID- 9954617
TI  - Radiative muon capture in nuclei.

PMID- 9954619
TI  - Effect of a D-state admixture in the alpha particle on the B Lambda value of
      Lambda 5He.

PMID- 9954618
TI  - Extension of the Bonn meson exchange NN potential above pion production
      threshold: Nucleon renormalization and unitarity.

PMID- 9954620
TI  - From resonances to surface waves in pi +-p scattering.

PMID- 9954621
TI  - Reduced alpha widths for nuclei with N >= 84,Z <= 84.

PMID- 9954622
TI  - Fermi nuclear matrix element of allowed isospin-hindered positron decay of 56Co.

PMID- 9954623
TI  - Relations between Gamow-Teller and magnetic dipole transitions.

PMID- 9954624
TI  - Rotational collectivity in shell-model wave functions for A=20-28 nuclei.

PMID- 9954625
TI  - Orthogonalization of correlated states.

PMID- 9954626
TI  - Neutron strengths of the unbound 2h11/2, 1j13/2, and 1k17/2 shell-model states in
      209Pb.

PMID- 9954627
TI  - Effects of direct nucleon-nucleon interactions in pion-condensed neutron star
      matter.

PMID- 9954628
TI  - Bethe-Salpeter calculation of three-nucleon observables with rank-one separable
      potentials.

PMID- 9954629
TI  - Finite particle number effects and the relationship of the fermion dynamical
      symmetry model with the Nilsson model.

PMID- 9954630
TI  - Pairing vibrations in semimagic even nuclei.

PMID- 9954631
TI  - Possibility of isospin breaking in the deuteron.

PMID- 9954632
TI  - Proton radiative capture by 15N, 16O, 27Al, and 28Si.

PMID- 9954634
TI  - Front-form Hamiltonian dynamics of deuteron electrodisintegration.

PMID- 9954633
TI  - Onset of deformation in Pb isotopes at high excitation energies.

PMID- 9954636
TI  - Speed of sound in asymmetric nuclear matter with Skyrme interactions.

PMID- 9954635
TI  - Valence p-n interactions and sufficient conditions for the development of
      collectivity in heavy nuclei.

PMID- 9954637
TI  - Direct versus sequential four-particle transfer in heavy ion collisions with
      superfluid nuclei: Sn+Sn reaction.

PMID- 9954638
TI  - Comment on "Feasibility of detecting neutrinoless double-beta decay between pairs
      of single-beta emitters"

PMID- 9954639
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Feasibility of detecting neutrinoless double-beta decay
      between pairs of single-beta emitters' "

PMID- 9954640
TI  - F-spin multiplets and alpha-transfer systematics.

PMID- 9954641
TI  - Evolution of mass and charge asymmetry in damped heavy-ion reactions.

PMID- 9954642
TI  - Energy dependence of the mean-field potential for neutron scattering from
      190,192Os and 194,196Pt.

PMID- 9954644
TI  - Ab initio approach to the deuteron in the Skyrme-Witten model.

PMID- 9954643
TI  - Electromagnetic transitions in neutron-rich 40Cl.

PMID- 9954645
TI  - Measurements of cross sections relevant to gamma -ray line astronomy.

PMID- 9954646
TI  - 20F via 21Ne(t, alpha )20F reaction.

PMID- 9954647
TI  - Coincidence 16O(e

PMID- 9954648
TI  - Coulomb excitation of 144,146,148,150Nd.

PMID- 9954650
TI  - Low- and high-spin excited states in 139Pr.

PMID- 9954649
TI  - Levels and transitions in 204Pb and the four valence neutron-hole configurations.

PMID- 9954652
TI  - F-spin vector effects in inelastic electron scattering from low-lying collective
      states of 154Gd.

PMID- 9954651
TI  - Inelastic electron scattering from 64Ni.

PMID- 9954653
TI  - Total nuclear reaction probabilities for 2 to 6 MeV/nucleon d and 3He in Si.

PMID- 9954654
TI  - Nuclear structure of 200Pt from in-beam conversion-electron and gamma -ray
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9954656
TI  - Effect of a steep gradient in the potential energy surface on nucleon exchange.

PMID- 9954655
TI  - Pion interferometry in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9954657
TI  - Unexpected large deformations in 60Ni nuclei produced in the reaction 120 MeV
      30Si

PMID- 9954658
TI  - Band structures in doubly odd 130Pr.

PMID- 9954659
TI  - Levels in 99Pd populated by the 96Ru( alpha,n) and (6Li,p2n) reactions.

PMID- 9954660
TI  - One-nucleon stripping reactions to discrete levels induced by a 480 MeV 12C beam
      on a 208Pb target.

PMID- 9954661
TI  - Properties of intermediate width structure in 12C(12C,12C)12C(O2+).

PMID- 9954663
TI  - Two-parameter liquid drop describing symmetric fission.

PMID- 9954662
TI  - Detailed balance description of energetic photons in heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9954664
TI  - Measurement of the spin correlation parameters All and Asl for the reaction pp-
      >d pi + in the energy region 500-800 MeV.

PMID- 9954666
TI  - Hamiltonian light-front dynamics of elastic electron-deuteron scattering.

PMID- 9954667
TI  - Time-delay analysis of the interpretation of narrow Sigma -hypernuclear states as
      bound states in the continuum.

PMID- 9954665
TI  - Elastic and inelastic scattering of 0.8 GeV polarized protons from 24Mg and 26Mg.

PMID- 9954669
TI  - Quasielastic proton-nucleus scattering in a relativistic plane-wave impulse
      approximation.

PMID- 9954668
TI  - Relativistic Faddeev calculation of K+d scattering.

PMID- 9954670
TI  - Proton-induced inclusive pion production from light nuclei in the region of the
      Delta 1232 resonance.

PMID- 9954671
TI  - Pion inelastic scattering to the three lowest 2+ states of 18O.

PMID- 9954672
TI  - Influence of collision centrality upon participant protons in d+C, alpha +C, and
      C+C interactions at 4.2 GeV/c per nucleon.

PMID- 9954674
TI  - Covariant approach to pi +-proton bremsstrahlung.

PMID- 9954675
TI  - y scaling in a simple quark model.

PMID- 9954673
TI  - Spin dependence of pp inelasticities at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9954677
TI  - Approximations for double-beta-decay formulas.

PMID- 9954676
TI  - Variation with the mass number of the oscillator spacing and of other quantities
      for a hyperon in hypernuclei.

PMID- 9954678
TI  - Statistical decay of the E1 giant resonance.

PMID- 9954679
TI  - Interacting boson-fermion model analysis of beta decay in A=195 and 197 nuclei.

PMID- 9954680
TI  - Quenching of gA in the nuclear medium.

PMID- 9954682
TI  - Dynamic symmetries in deformed odd-even nuclei.

PMID- 9954681
TI  - K capture in the decay of 131Ba.

PMID- 9954684
TI  - Statistical shape fluctuations in 166Er.

PMID- 9954683
TI  - Decoupling a collective degree of freedom from a model for tunneling in many
      particle systems.

PMID- 9954686
TI  - Skeleton boson realizations of collective subalgebras.

PMID- 9954685
TI  - Monopole strength as a measure of nuclear shape mixing.

PMID- 9954687
TI  - Microscopic derivation of boson-fermion Hamiltonians.

PMID- 9954688
TI  - t expansion and the Lipkin model.

PMID- 9954690
TI  - Parity violating mechanisms in nuclei.

PMID- 9954689
TI  - Boson representations of fermion systems: Proton-neutron systems.

PMID- 9954691
TI  - Search for the exotic nucleus 10He.

PMID- 9954692
TI  - 0 degrees polarization transfer in (p,n) reactions from 6,7Li and 9Be near 55
      MeV.

PMID- 9954694
TI  - Analyses of nucleon spectra in heavy ion reactions.

PMID- 9954693
TI  - Equations-of-motion treatment of pairing correlations: Seniority-one states.

PMID- 9954695
TI  - Fusion of 32S + 27Al and 19F + 40Ca and the nucleus-nucleus potential.

PMID- 9954696
TI  - Generator coordinate method for spin-isospin projection in the chiral-bag-plus
      Skyrmion hybrid model.

PMID- 9954697
TI  - Quenching of magnetic strength in N=28 nuclei.

PMID- 9954698
TI  - Analytical number-projected BCS nuclear model.

PMID- 9954699
TI  - Physical content of pseudopotential interactions.

PMID- 9954700
TI  - Electron-induced weak processes in 12C and the behavior of the cross section near
      the maximal angle.

PMID- 9954701
TI  - Momentum dependence, Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck calculations, and transverse
      momenta.

PMID- 9954702
TI  - Time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculation of the escape width of the giant monopole
      resonance in 16O.

PMID- 9954704
TI  - Approximate sum rules for inclusive breakup reactions.

PMID- 9954703
TI  - Exact and approximate sum rules for inclusive breakup reactions.

PMID- 9954705
TI  - Erratum: Angular and spectral distributions for subthreshold pion production

PMID- 9954706
TI  - Depopulation of the isomeric state 180Tam by the reaction 180Tam

PMID- 9954707
TI  - Relativistic Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck model for heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9954708
TI  - Giant E1 resonances in 20Ne observed with the 19F(p

PMID- 9954709
TI  - Electric quadrupole strength in 16O from the 15N(p

PMID- 9954711
TI  - 2H(d, gamma )4He reaction from a microscopic point of view.

PMID- 9954710
TI  - Electric quadrupole strength in 20Ne from the 19F(p

PMID- 9954712
TI  - Determination of the neutron electric form factor from 1H

PMID- 9954713
TI  - Low-energy neutron-proton analyzing power and the new Bonn potential and Paris
      potential predictions.

PMID- 9954715
TI  - 114Cd from 112Cd(t,p).

PMID- 9954714
TI  - Sum rule approach to the study of statistical decay properties of nuclear giant
      resonances.

PMID- 9954716
TI  - Evidence for state dependence of the imaginary part of the empirical optical
      potential.

PMID- 9954717
TI  - Systematics of continuum angular distributions: Extensions to higher energies.

PMID- 9954718
TI  - Level structure of the doubly-odd 242Am nucleus.

PMID- 9954719
TI  - Structure of 112In nucleus.

PMID- 9954721
TI  - Strong photon strength in 40Ar between 8 and 11 MeV.

PMID- 9954720
TI  - Excitation of giant resonances in 28Si with 250 MeV protons.

PMID- 9954722
TI  - Ground state M1 strengths of d5/2-1 levels in 39K.

PMID- 9954723
TI  - Evidence for Gaussian statistics in the compound nucleus: Case of overlapping
      resonances.

PMID- 9954724
TI  - Nuclear excitation and precompound nuclear reactions.

PMID- 9954725
TI  - Quantum molecular dynamics approach to heavy ion collisions: Description of the
      model, comparison with fragmentation data, and the mechanism of fragment
      formation.

PMID- 9954726
TI  - Neutrons in coincidence with intermediate mass fragments at large angles from
      14N+Ag reactions at E/A=20 and 35 MeV.

PMID- 9954728
TI  - Strongly dissipative processes in the 28Si

PMID- 9954727
TI  - Numerical method for the calculation of continuum excitation amplitudes in time
      dependent external field problems.

PMID- 9954729
TI  - Sources of light particles from fusion-like processes in the 20Ne

PMID- 9954730
TI  - Projection operator model for heavy-ion resonance parameters below the Coulomb
      barrier and its application to 12C

PMID- 9954731
TI  - High spin levels populated in multinucleon-transfer reactions with 480 MeV 12C.

PMID- 9954732
TI  - Mechanisms for light charged particle emission in the reactions 247 and 337 MeV
      40Ar+natAg.

PMID- 9954733
TI  - Large-angle correlations between 4He and 1,2,3H or 4He in the reactions 247 and
      337 MeV 40Ar+natAg: Unexpected properties of the nuclear stratosphere.

PMID- 9954735
TI  - Optical potentials for p-shell heavy ion projectiles.

PMID- 9954736
TI  - Dispersions in semiclassical dynamics.

PMID- 9954734
TI  - Signature dependence of M1 and E2 transition probabilities for the i13/2
      rotational band in 161Dy.

PMID- 9954738
TI  - Fragmentation of carbon ions at 250 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9954737
TI  - Spectroscopy of neutron-rich nickel isotopes: Experimental results and
      microscopic interpretation.

PMID- 9954739
TI  - Level densities and barriers of deformed 59Cu nuclei with 28

PMID- 9954741
TI  - Nuclear stratosphere formation and its effects upon statistical particle emission
      processes.

PMID- 9954740
TI  - Transition from quasi-elastic to deep-inelastic reactions in the 48Ti

PMID- 9954742
TI  - Delta-hole model in the local-density approximation.

PMID- 9954743
TI  - Neutrino reactions on oxygen and a proposed measurement of the Weinberg angle.

PMID- 9954744
TI  - Medium effects in ( pi, pi ' gamma ) angular correlations on 12C(2(+)).

PMID- 9954745
TI  - Laser-assisted internal conversion.

PMID- 9954746
TI  - beta +-electron-capture decay of 69Se.

PMID- 9954748
TI  - Decay of 101Sr and the rotational structure of 101Y.

PMID- 9954747
TI  - Delayed proton emission of N=81 odd-odd precursors: 148Ho, 150Tm, and 152Lu.

PMID- 9954749
TI  - beta - gamma angular correlations in 20Na and 20F beta decay.

PMID- 9954750
TI  - Equation of state from nuclear and astrophysical evidence.

PMID- 9954751
TI  - Reflection-asymmetric rotor model of odd A~219-229 nuclei.

PMID- 9954752
TI  - Application of the multiphonon method to the study of the vibrational states with
      K=0 in heavy deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9954753
TI  - Correspondence between the fermion dynamic symmetry model and the interacting
      boson model in wave functions.

PMID- 9954755
TI  - Nuclear polarization and charge moments of 208Pb from muonic x rays.

PMID- 9954754
TI  - Extended thermal random phase approximation equation for nuclear collective
      excitation at finite temperature.

PMID- 9954756
TI  - Deformed odd-odd 180,182,184Re isotopes in the interacting-boson model.

PMID- 9954757
TI  - Trinucleon magnetic moments: 34-channel results.

PMID- 9954758
TI  - Trinucleon asymptotic normalization constants: Comparison of 3He and 3H.

PMID- 9954759
TI  - 3H and 3He solutions for momentum-dependent potentials.

PMID- 9954761
TI  - Low-spin states of 198Pt from (p,p' gamma ) measurements.

PMID- 9954760
TI  - Internal transformation brackets and quasi-Euler angles in hyperspherical
      formalism of four-body systems.

PMID- 9954762
TI  - Magnetic moments of the first excited 2+ states of the even-even Te isotopes.

PMID- 9954764
TI  - First observation of the (6Li,8He) reaction.

PMID- 9954763
TI  - Location of the low-energy isoscalar octupole resonance in 58Ni.

PMID- 9954765
TI  - Excitation function of the 15.11 MeV (1+,T=1) state in 12C from ( pi, pi ' gamma
      ) angular correlations.

PMID- 9954766
TI  - Decay of 3 sec 160Hom.

PMID- 9954768
TI  - Systematics of isotope production rates.

PMID- 9954767
TI  - Relativistic deuteron-nucleus scattering in the Kemmer-Duffin-Petiau formalism.

PMID- 9954770
TI  - Emission temperature and source radii inferred from two-particle correlation
      measurements in nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9954769
TI  - Eigenvalue problem of the resonating-group norm operator with mixed cluster
      states.

PMID- 9954771
TI  - Schematic Thomas-Fermi model for atomic nuclei.

PMID- 9954772
TI  - Realistic estimates for promptly emitted particles.

PMID- 9954773
TI  - Comment on "Radiative capture reaction 7Be

PMID- 9954775
TI  - Pre-scission neutron multiplicity following the 16O

PMID- 9954774
TI  - Erratum: Nucleon-number-conserving description of pairing correlations in terms
      of occupation probability amplitudes

PMID- 9954776
TI  - Gamma-ray energy correlations from nuclei at very high spins.

PMID- 9954777
TI  - Bipolar harmonic reduction formulae.

PMID- 9954778
TI  - Wave equation for a composite nucleon.

PMID- 9954779
TI  - Long range local effective potential for a three-particle system.

PMID- 9954780
TI  - Phase shift analysis of 0-30 MeV pp scattering data.

PMID- 9954781
TI  - Effective interaction for nucleon-nucleus scattering based on a one-boson
      exchange model.

PMID- 9954783
TI  - Coupling of the giant dipole resonance to gamma vibrations.

PMID- 9954782
TI  - Levels of the four lowest two-particle configurations in 210Po studied by in-beam
      gamma -ray and conversion-electron spectroscopy with the 209Bi

PMID- 9954784
TI  - Damping of the continuum response from 2p-2h excitations.

PMID- 9954785
TI  - Spin-isospin nuclear responses with hadronic probes.

PMID- 9954786
TI  - Collective motion in nucleus-nucleus collisions at 800 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9954787
TI  - Preequilibrium emission and incomplete fusion of low and medium mass heavy ion
      systems.

PMID- 9954789
TI  - High energy gamma rays from the 12C+12C and 40Ar+48Ti systems at 15 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9954788
TI  - Angular correlations near the Fermi energy.

PMID- 9954791
TI  - K+/ pi + enhancement in heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9954790
TI  - Target mass dependence of neutron emission in collisions with 35 MeV/nucleon 14N
      ions.

PMID- 9954792
TI  - Inclusive neutron spectra at 0 degrees from Nb-Nb and Au-Au collisions at 800
      MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9954793
TI  - N/Z equilibration in damped collisions induced by E/A=8.5 MeV 58Ni and 64Ni on
      238U.

PMID- 9954795
TI  - Unified theory of gamma d-->np, pi 0d, pi NN, and pp-->pp gamma and the chiral
      bag model.

PMID- 9954794
TI  - Cross section for the 12C(139La,X)11C reaction at relativistic energies.

PMID- 9954796
TI  - Inelastic proton scattering at 200 to 400 MeV for 24Mg and 28Si in a microscopic
      framework.

PMID- 9954797
TI  - Energy dependence of the charge asymmetry A(T pi, theta ) in pi d elastic
      scattering.

PMID- 9954798
TI  - Energy dependence of T20 and tau 21 in pi d

PMID- 9954799
TI  - Unexpected recoil systematics of intermediate energy spallation products.

PMID- 9954801
TI  - Gamow-Teller decay of 80Zn: Shell structure and astrophysical implications.

PMID- 9954800
TI  - Contribution of the second kind of meson exchange current to pion-nucleus double
      charge-exchange reactions 18O( pi +, pi -) 18Ne(g.s) and 14C( pi +, pi -)14Og.s.

PMID- 9954803
TI  - beta -decay rate of 79mSe and its consequences for the s-process temperature.

PMID- 9954802
TI  - Test of the singly magic character of the N=50 isotone 83As populated in 83Ge
      decay.

PMID- 9954805
TI  - Rotational g factors of osmium isotopes at low spins.

PMID- 9954804
TI  - Decay of 143Ba to levels of the odd-proton N=86 nuclide 143La.

PMID- 9954806
TI  - Ground-state energy of nuclear matter.

PMID- 9954807
TI  - Collective rotational transverse current multipoles: Even-even nuclei.

PMID- 9954808
TI  - Bag-model nuclear equation of state in the Wigner-Seitz approximation.

PMID- 9954809
TI  - Global interpretation of low-energy octupole states in spherical and weakly
      deformed Z>28 nuclei.

PMID- 9954810
TI  - Convection currents in nuclei in a relativistic mean-field theory.

PMID- 9954811
TI  - Effect of surface fluctuations on the nuclear density.

PMID- 9954813
TI  - Cluster-orbital shell model and its application to the He isotopes.

PMID- 9954812
TI  - Optimal parametrization for the relativistic mean-field model of the nucleus.

PMID- 9954815
TI  - sdg interacting-boson model in the SU(3) scheme and its application to 168Er.

PMID- 9954814
TI  - Symmetry-preserving higher-order terms in the O(6) limit of the interacting boson
      model.

PMID- 9954816
TI  - Calculations of many-particle-many-hole deformed state energies: Near
      degeneracies, deformation condensates.

PMID- 9954818
TI  - Integrodifferential equation for few- and many-body systems.

PMID- 9954817
TI  - Momentum space Faddeev calculation of 3He binding energy with N-N P and D waves.

PMID- 9954820
TI  - Nuclear matter problem in the relativistic Green's function approach.

PMID- 9954819
TI  - Interpretation of atomic mass systematics in terms of the valence shells and a
      simple scheme for predicting masses.

PMID- 9954821
TI  - Charge radii in the 50 <= N,Z <= 82 region.

PMID- 9954822
TI  - Weak-coupling description of intruder states.

PMID- 9954823
TI  - Quark-exchange contribution to the European Muon Collaboration effect in nuclear
      matter.

PMID- 9954824
TI  - Bifurcation sets of the self-consistent flow in generalized SU(2) models.

PMID- 9954825
TI  - Bremsstrahlung from 16O

PMID- 9954826
TI  - Excitation of positive-parity states in 10B with the 13C(p, alpha )10B reaction.

PMID- 9954827
TI  - Role of tensor forces in the 4He(d

PMID- 9954828
TI  - Proton and neutron transition densities in 6,7Li from low energy neutron and
      proton scattering.

PMID- 9954830
TI  - Population of the metastable state of 111Cd via photoactivation by 60Co source.

PMID- 9954829
TI  - ( alpha,n) reaction to high spin states in 14N and 27Si.

PMID- 9954831
TI  - Nucleus 136Sm and the transition to a deformed regime at N=76-74.

PMID- 9954833
TI  - Spin determination from the angular distributions of identical colliding nuclei.

PMID- 9954832
TI  - Fusion, deep-inelastic collisions, and neck formation.

PMID- 9954834
TI  - Functional integral approach to the Lipkin model.

PMID- 9954835
TI  - Proton-rich exotic heavy nuclei: Self-consistent calculations.

PMID- 9954837
TI  - Comparison of effective charges derived in two different boson mappings.

PMID- 9954836
TI  - Damping of quadrupole motion in time-dependent density-matrix theory.

PMID- 9954838
TI  - Hamiltonian hierarchy and the Hulthen potential.

PMID- 9954839
TI  - Inclusive meson cross sections and quark clusters in nuclei.

PMID- 9954840
TI  - 2H(d

PMID- 9954841
TI  - Possibility of pions emitted in the spontaneous fission of 252Cf.

PMID- 9954842
TI  - Effect of entrance channel asymmetry on fusion reactions leading to compound
      nuclei with A=40,42.

PMID- 9954844
TI  - Deformed nuclear state as a quasiparticle-pair condensate.

PMID- 9954843
TI  - Entropy in 12C

PMID- 9954845
TI  - Proton distortion effects and meson exchange current contributions in the (e,e'p)
      reaction.

PMID- 9954846
TI  - Electron scattering form factors of stretched transitions using Woods-Saxon wave
      functions.

PMID- 9954847
TI  - Model analysis of the effect of elementary degrees of freedom in the 3S1 nucleon
      nucleon system.

PMID- 9954849
TI  - Compton scattering off the deuteron at low and intermediate energies.

PMID- 9954848
TI  - S-matrix pole trajectories for Yukawa potentials.

PMID- 9954851
TI  - Activation cross section and isomeric cross-section ratio for the 93Nb(n, alpha
      )90Ym,g process.

PMID- 9954850
TI  - Excited states of 139Ce from (p,n gamma ) reactions on lanthanum.

PMID- 9954852
TI  - Reactions 50Cr(p, gamma )51Mn and 50Cr(p,p' gamma )50Cr from 2.5 to 3.1 MeV.

PMID- 9954853
TI  - Isomeric cross-section ratio for the formation of 73m,gSe in various nuclear
      processes.

PMID- 9954854
TI  - Electron-pair creation on uranium by 10 and 20 MeV photons.

PMID- 9954855
TI  - Electroexcitation of 8- states in 52Cr.

PMID- 9954856
TI  - Level structure of 101Ru from the 100Ru(d,p) reaction.

PMID- 9954857
TI  - Resolution of potential ambiguities through farside angular structure: Data
      summary.

PMID- 9954859
TI  - Shape coexistence effects and quasiparticle alignment in 81Sr.

PMID- 9954858
TI  - Resolution of potential ambiguities through farside angular structure:
      Semiclassical analysis.

PMID- 9954860
TI  - Stripping- and pickup-induced breakup in 11- and 17-MeV/nucleon 20Ne+197Au
      reactions.

PMID- 9954861
TI  - Statistical E1 and M1 gamma strength functions from heavy-ion, xn gamma data.

PMID- 9954862
TI  - Mass of 39Sc via the 40Ca

PMID- 9954864
TI  - Hypernucleus formation in high-energy nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9954863
TI  - alpha -transfer contribution to 10B

PMID- 9954866
TI  - Angular correlation function as a detector for two-step processes.

PMID- 9954865
TI  - Collective flow and pion production in a hydrodynamic model.

PMID- 9954867
TI  - Optimal polynomial theory applied to 0-350 MeV pp scattering.

PMID- 9954868
TI  - Model dependence of charge-symmetry breaking in the neutron-proton interaction.

PMID- 9954869
TI  - Pion-induced nucleon knockout from polarized nuclei.

PMID- 9954870
TI  - Charge distribution and charge correlation in the annihilation of antiprotons on
      nuclei.

PMID- 9954872
TI  - ( gamma,pp-bar) as a probe of the Dirac negative energy bound states.

PMID- 9954871
TI  - Inclusive electron scattering from 2H,3He, and 4He.

PMID- 9954873
TI  - Fragment emission in the interaction of 238U with 400 GeV protons.

PMID- 9954874
TI  - Lambda N rho coupling and nonmesonic decay of heavy Lambda hypernuclei.

PMID- 9954875
TI  - Charge symmetry breaking in the reaction np-->d pi 0.

PMID- 9954876
TI  - Observations of hyperon-nucleus systems produced on 12C and 7Li targets using the
      (K-, pi +) reaction at 715 MeV/c.

PMID- 9954877
TI  - Cluster model theory of the Lambda 9Be hypernucleus.

PMID- 9954878
TI  - Observation of pionic atom anomaly in low-energy pion scattering.

PMID- 9954879
TI  - Reaction pi -p--> gamma n below the Delta resonance.

PMID- 9954881
TI  - Rare decays of cadmium and tellurium.

PMID- 9954880
TI  - Reaction pi -p--> pi 0n below the Delta resonance.

PMID- 9954882
TI  - Gamma decays of isobaric analog states relevant to neutrino detection.

PMID- 9954884
TI  - 14C beta decay and the 14N M1 form factors.

PMID- 9954883
TI  - Decay of 139,141,143Xe to levels of 139,141,143Cs.

PMID- 9954885
TI  - Half-life measurements for neutron-rich Tc, Ru, Rh, and Pd isotopes.
      Identification of the new isotopes 111Tc, 113Ru, and 113Rh.

PMID- 9954886
TI  - Shell model predictions for 19N

PMID- 9954887
TI  - Pairing, temperature, and deformed-shell effects on the properties of
      superdeformed 152Dy nucleus.

PMID- 9954888
TI  - Structure of Os and Pt isotopes.

PMID- 9954889
TI  - Structure of even-even Dy nuclei in the interacting boson model with two
      quasiparticle states.

PMID- 9954890
TI  - Symmetry-restoring treatment of the pairing Hamiltonian in the quasiparticle
      representation.

PMID- 9954892
TI  - Temperature-dependent shape transition in 166Er.

PMID- 9954891
TI  - Core-plus-alpha-particle states of 20Ne and 16O in terms of vibron models.

PMID- 9954894
TI  - Structure of N=88 isotones in the interacting-boson-plus-one-fermion-pair model.

PMID- 9954893
TI  - Coexistence or strong-mixing of intruder 0+ states in even-even Zr nuclei.

PMID- 9954895
TI  - Trinucleon asymptotic normalization constants with the new Bonn potential.

PMID- 9954897
TI  - Equation of state for dense nucleon matter.

PMID- 9954896
TI  - Nuclear equation of state from the nonlinear relativistic mean field theory.

PMID- 9954898
TI  - Nature of the equivalence between gamma instability and rigid triaxiality for
      finite boson number.

PMID- 9954899
TI  - Approximation for shell-model level densities.

PMID- 9954900
TI  - Shell-model calculations of isovector electromagnetic transitions and Gamow
      Teller beta decays in the N

PMID- 9954901
TI  - Clustered quark matter at finite temperature.

PMID- 9954902
TI  - Semiclassical analysis of the SO(3,1) S matrix.

PMID- 9954904
TI  - Evidence of alpha correlation from binding energies in medium and heavy nuclei.

PMID- 9954903
TI  - Nonlocal separable potential in the one-dimensional Dirac equation.

PMID- 9954905
TI  - Origin of the 13C

PMID- 9954906
TI  - Systematic features in the structure of doubly odd nuclei around A

PMID- 9954907
TI  - Erratum: Protonium and baryonium states with the Graz potential

PMID- 9954908
TI  - Superdeformation in 104,105Pd.

PMID- 9954909
TI  - Shape transitions in hot rotating 158Yb nuclei.

PMID- 9954910
TI  - Particle-hole stretched states excited in the 26Mg(p,n)26Al reaction at 134 MeV.

PMID- 9954911
TI  - Neutron-deuteron breakup calculations with W-matrix representation of the two
      body input.

PMID- 9954912
TI  - Singlet deuteron production in the 4He(d,p alpha )n reaction at 7 MeV.

PMID- 9954913
TI  - Quasifree proton knockout reaction in the distorted wave impulse approximation.

PMID- 9954914
TI  - 25Mg(3He,d)26Al to high spin states.

PMID- 9954915
TI  - Differences in the mirror reactions 3H(p, gamma )4He and 3He(n, gamma )4He from
      an isospin conserving nuclear force.

PMID- 9954916
TI  - Important configurations in six-quark N-N states.

PMID- 9954918
TI  - g9/2 isobaric analog state in 55Co.

PMID- 9954917
TI  - Elastic deuteron scattering and optical model parameters at energies up to 100
      MeV.

PMID- 9954919
TI  - Highest spin n-p states in heavy nuclei via the ( alpha,d) reaction at 218 MeV.

PMID- 9954920
TI  - Electron scattering studies of the ground state rotational band of 152Sm.

PMID- 9954921
TI  - Medium energy gamma rays in nuclear reactions.

PMID- 9954922
TI  - Experimental limit for the circular polarization of the 1081 keV gamma ray in
      18F.

PMID- 9954923
TI  - Distribution of excitation energy in the 505 MeV 56Fe+165Ho reaction.

PMID- 9954924
TI  - Higher-order pair-conversion peaks in heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9954925
TI  - Production of pions and light fragments in 0.8A GeV La

PMID- 9954926
TI  - Spin-spin effects through nuclear reorientation in elastic scattering of deformed
      heavy ions.

PMID- 9954928
TI  - Estimation of fusion time in heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9954927
TI  - Population of high spin states by quasi-elastic and deep inelastic collisions.

PMID- 9954929
TI  - Neutron-induced fission of the 26 min 235U isomer.

PMID- 9954930
TI  - Pion-nucleus double charge exchange and the nuclear shell model.

PMID- 9954931
TI  - Extraction of signals of a phase transition from nuclear multifragmentation.

PMID- 9954932
TI  - 7Li(p

PMID- 9954933
TI  - Elastic scattering of 50 MeV pi +/- from 58Ni, 60Ni, and 64Ni.

PMID- 9954935
TI  - Radiative pion capture and pion photoproduction in a chiral bag model.

PMID- 9954934
TI  - Hypernuclear production by the ( pi +,K+) reaction.

PMID- 9954936
TI  - "Optimal" approximation and the realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions.

PMID- 9954937
TI  - Quark distributions in nuclei.

PMID- 9954938
TI  - Lifetimes of N=Z nuclei 66As and 70Br.

PMID- 9954940
TI  - Application of a cubic barrier in exotic decay studies.

PMID- 9954939
TI  - Search for the l-forbidden beta decay 207Tl-->207Pb(570 keV).

PMID- 9954941
TI  - Analysis of magnetic dipole transitions between sd-shell states.

PMID- 9954942
TI  - beta vibrations in the O(6) limit of the proton-neutron interacting boson model.

PMID- 9954943
TI  - Mesic retardation and the triton binding energy.

PMID- 9954944
TI  - Competing coexistence models in medium-mass nuclei.

PMID- 9954945
TI  - Quark model and the triton.

PMID- 9954946
TI  - Approximate analytic self-consistent solution of the Overhauser problem for T >=
      0.

PMID- 9954947
TI  - Sharing of collective multipole strength in the nuclear particle-hole model.

PMID- 9954948
TI  - Matrix elements of shell model Hamiltonians in multiple angular momentum coupling
      schemes.

PMID- 9954949
TI  - Semiclassical description of the pairing force matrix elements at finite
      rotational frequencies.

PMID- 9954950
TI  - Microscopic boson description of proton-neutron systems: Application to elastic
      and inelastic electron scattering from 18O and 20Ne.

PMID- 9954951
TI  - Geometrical structure and critical phenomena in the fermion dynamical symmetry
      model: Sp(6).

PMID- 9954952
TI  - Perturbative treatment of imaginary potential in 12C

PMID- 9954954
TI  - Response function of nuclear matter.

PMID- 9954953
TI  - Quadrupole scattering of 135 MeV protons by 9Be.

PMID- 9954956
TI  - Exact multistep distorted-wave method.

PMID- 9954955
TI  - Microscopic theory of backbending in some neutron-rich palladium isotopes.

PMID- 9954957
TI  - Comment on "p-barp--> Lambda -bar Lambda reaction in the one-gluon-exchange and
      the 3P0 models"

PMID- 9954959
TI  - Beta decay of 154Lu and 154Yb.

PMID- 9954958
TI  - Erratum: Poincare invariant potential model

PMID- 9954960
TI  - Decay of a new 16.7 min isomer of 131Sb.

PMID- 9954962
TI  - Preliminary selection of candidates for shape isomerism from even-even nuclei
      with masses A<208.

PMID- 9954961
TI  - Nuclear mean free path in the relativistic sigma - omega model.

PMID- 9954963
TI  - Superfluid tunneling in the restoration of parity conservation in octupole
      deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9954964
TI  - Multiconfiguration resonating-group study of scattering and reaction cross
      sections in the seven-nucleon system.

PMID- 9954965
TI  - Single-nucleon pickup spectroscopic factors for levels in 30Si and 30P and the D
      state of three-nucleon systems.

PMID- 9954966
TI  - Electroexcitation of 4He in the near continuum.

PMID- 9954967
TI  - Scattering of polarized and unpolarized nucleons from 28Si.

PMID- 9954968
TI  - Arrangement channel approach to exchange processes: Quasisymmetric and symmetric
      representations.

PMID- 9954969
TI  - Relativistic nucleon-nucleon interaction consisting of an attractive scalar and a
      repulsive vector.

PMID- 9954970
TI  - Deuteron photodisintegration.

PMID- 9954972
TI  - Total cross section and resonance spectroscopy for n+86Kr.

PMID- 9954971
TI  - Analog (p,n) cross sections of the zirconium isotopes at 18 and 25 MeV.

PMID- 9954973
TI  - Negative parity states of even-A Pt isotopes from proton inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9954975
TI  - E4 properties in deformed nuclei and the sdg interacting boson model.

PMID- 9954976
TI  - Alpha-particle emission from fast-neutron-induced reactions on neodymium
      isotopes.

PMID- 9954974
TI  - Measurements and a direct-reaction-plus-Hauser-Feshbach analysis of 89Y(p,n)89Zr,
      89Y(p,2n)88, and 89Y(p,pn)88Y reactions up to 40 MeV.

PMID- 9954977
TI  - Unusual behavior of projectile fragments produced by the interactions of
      relativistic Ar ions with copper.

PMID- 9954978
TI  - Quantum mechanical coupled channels calculation of the
      208Pb+238U(0(+),2(+),.,40(+)) reaction.

PMID- 9954980
TI  - Predictions of the macroscopic model of nuclei: Barriers to fusion and to light
      fragment emission.

PMID- 9954979
TI  - Optical model and coupled-channels analyses of the elastic and inelastic
      scattering of 18O from 28Si at 352 MeV.

PMID- 9954981
TI  - Gamma decay of high spin states in 25Mg above 6.1 MeV.

PMID- 9954982
TI  - Electromagnetic dissociation of 59Co and 197Au targets by relativistic 139La
      projectiles.

PMID- 9954983
TI  - Sources of light-charged-particle emission in the reaction 480 MeV 56Fe+natAg.

PMID- 9954985
TI  - Charge and mass distributions from the reaction of 240 MeV 12C ions with 238U.

PMID- 9954984
TI  - Boltzmann master equation analysis of preequilibrium neutron emission from heavy
      ion collisions at 35 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9954987
TI  - Nucleon transfer to continuum states.

PMID- 9954986
TI  - Covariant Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck approach for heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9954988
TI  - Fragment angular momenta in alpha-induced fission of 238U.

PMID- 9954989
TI  - Unified theory of gamma N--> pi N, pi pi N, and pi N--> pi N, pi pi N reactions.

PMID- 9954990
TI  - Scaling in electron scattering from a relativistic Fermi gas.

PMID- 9954991
TI  - Nuclear reactions of 48Ti, 56Fe, 57Fe, 58Ni, 60Ni, 63Cu, and 65Cu by 12-GeV
      protons.

PMID- 9954992
TI  - Charge-symmetry-breaking corrections to pseudoscalar meson-nucleon coupling
      constants due to up-down current quark mass difference and their effects on NN
      scattering lengths.

PMID- 9954994
TI  - First-forbidden 0(+)-->0(-),1(-) electron capture of 44Ti.

PMID- 9954993
TI  - Extension of the Bonn meson exchange NN potential above pion production
      threshold: Role of the delta isobar.

PMID- 9954995
TI  - Activation of 115Inm by single pulses of intense bremsstrahlung.

PMID- 9954997
TI  - Random phase approximation for light nuclei based on fully relativistic Hartree
      Fock calculations.

PMID- 9954996
TI  - Half-life of 163Ho.

PMID- 9954998
TI  - Quasiparticle model for nuclear dynamics studies: Ground-state properties.

PMID- 9954999
TI  - Alpha particle structure.

PMID- 9955001
TI  - Pseudo-Hamiltonian approach to a theory of effective interactions in the particle
      hole channel: Microscopic foundations.

PMID- 9955000
TI  - Pseudo-Hamiltonian approach to a theory of effective interactions in the particle
      hole channel: Phenomenology.

PMID- 9955002
TI  - Three-dimensional, spherically symmetric, saturating model of an N-boson
      condensate.

PMID- 9955003
TI  - Variable moment of inertia in the interacting boson model.

PMID- 9955004
TI  - Shell effects in hot isobaric nuclei.

PMID- 9955006
TI  - Excitation energy of the 1.74 MeV state in 10B.

PMID- 9955007
TI  - Feasibility of measurement of the electromagnetic polarizability of the bound
      nucleon.

PMID- 9955005
TI  - Fine structure in 153Tm alpha decay.

PMID- 9955008
TI  - Multimodal fission and neutron evaporation.

PMID- 9955009
TI  - Isospin relaxation in the reaction 98Mo + 98Mo at 14.7 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9955010
TI  - Isovector and isotensor Coulomb energies for 61 <= A <= 209.

PMID- 9955011
TI  - Magnetic moment of the deuteron and quark degrees of freedom.

PMID- 9955012
TI  - 11Ba( alpha,p)14C*(Ex=23.288 MeV) reaction and (p, pi +) production mechanisms.

PMID- 9955013
TI  - Correlations between high energy gamma rays and light fragments in heavy ion
      collisions.

PMID- 9955014
TI  - Electromagnetic production of kaons.

PMID- 9955016
TI  - Electron peaks in e++Th, U, and Ta interactions.

PMID- 9955015
TI  - Dirac coupled channels calculation for p+40Ca inelastic scattering using the
      relativistic impulse approximation.

PMID- 9955017
TI  - Observation of a nuclear rainbowlike phenomenon in the (3He,t) charge-exchange
      reaction.

PMID- 9955018
TI  - 8Li from the 9Be(t, alpha )8Li reaction.

PMID- 9955019
TI  - Measurement of the 4He( gamma,p)3H total cross section and charge symmetry.

PMID- 9955021
TI  - Nonresonant capture of low-energy protons by 27Al.

PMID- 9955022
TI  - Convergence features in the pseudostate theory of the d+ alpha system.

PMID- 9955020
TI  - Radiative muon absorption in oxygen.

PMID- 9955023
TI  - 22Na(n,p)22Ne and 22Na(n, alpha )19F cross sections from 25 meV to 35 keV.

PMID- 9955025
TI  - Apparent violation of isospin symmetry in the 3H(3He,2H)4He reaction.

PMID- 9955026
TI  - Three-state mixing among 0+ states in even Cd isotopes.

PMID- 9955024
TI  - Forbidden (p,d) pickup to stretched states of 26Al.

PMID- 9955028
TI  - Resonating-group-method study of alpha +40Ca elastic scattering and 44Ti
      structure.

PMID- 9955027
TI  - Energy dependence of the deformed optical potential for neutron scattering from
      54,56Fe and 58,60Ni up to 80 MeV.

PMID- 9955029
TI  - Energies and widths of states in 9B.

PMID- 9955031
TI  - Description of inelastic scattering between heavy ions in the Glauber model.

PMID- 9955030
TI  - Transfer reactions for the 50Ti + 90Zr system below the Coulomb barrier.

PMID- 9955032
TI  - Total projectile kinetic energy scaling in energetic nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9955033
TI  - Azimuthal distributions in heavy ion collisions and the nuclear equation of
      state.

PMID- 9955034
TI  - Transitional dissipative mechanisms in the fission-like fragmentation of medium
      mass nuclear systems.

PMID- 9955036
TI  - 20F from the 13C(11B, alpha )20F reaction.

PMID- 9955035
TI  - 10B(7Li, 7Be)10Be charge-exchange reaction.

PMID- 9955037
TI  - Features of direct and sequential Coulomb breakup of 6Li ions.

PMID- 9955038
TI  - Influence of multiple excitation of low lying states and giant resonances on
      heavy ion inelastic spectra.

PMID- 9955039
TI  - Dispersion relation approach to sub-barrier heavy-ion fusion reactions.

PMID- 9955040
TI  - Ratio of spin transfer parameters dt/rt in 2H(p

PMID- 9955041
TI  - Elastic and inelastic scattering of 0.8 GeV protons from 20Ne and 22Ne.

PMID- 9955042
TI  - Excitation of the Delta resonance in the 12C(e,e') reaction.

PMID- 9955043
TI  - Polarization transfer for inclusive proton-nucleus inelastic scattering at 800
      MeV.

PMID- 9955044
TI  - Nucleon-nucleon correlation effects on deeply inelastic lepton scattering in the
      region x>1.

PMID- 9955046
TI  - Low-energy K--nucleon potentials and the nature of the Lambda (1405).

PMID- 9955045
TI  - Exclusive quasi-deuteron absorption of pions in 16O and 18O at 116 MeV.

PMID- 9955048
TI  - European Muon Collaboration effect in deuteron and in three-body nuclei.

PMID- 9955047
TI  - One-nucleon knockout by pions and deltas.

PMID- 9955049
TI  - Inelastic scattering of pions by 10B.

PMID- 9955050
TI  - Charge symmetry breaking in neutron-proton scattering including arbitrary mesons.

PMID- 9955052
TI  - Elastic scattering of protons by 16O, 40Ca, and 208Pb at 200, 500, and 800 MeV:
      Effects of vacuum polarization and Pauli-blocking corrections.

PMID- 9955051
TI  - Elastic scattering of protons by 16O, 40Ca, and 208Pb at 200, 500, and 800 MeV:
      Relativistic and nonrelativistic analyses based on the impulse approximation.

PMID- 9955053
TI  - Polarization observables in pi d

PMID- 9955054
TI  - Polarization observables in pi d

PMID- 9955055
TI  - Influence of the delta-nucleon interaction on the pion-deuteron breakup process.

PMID- 9955056
TI  - Ground state spin and magnetic moment of 73Se.

PMID- 9955057
TI  - Isospin-forbidden positron decay of 48V and time-reversal invariance.

PMID- 9955058
TI  - 10

PMID- 9955059
TI  - Elastic electromagnetic form factors of 6Li from three-body models.

PMID- 9955061
TI  - Problems in calculating parity ratios for nuclear level densities with the Fermi
      gas model.

PMID- 9955060
TI  - Test of a projection method from the interacting boson model-2 to the interacting
      boson model-1.

PMID- 9955062
TI  - Charge form factors and root mean square radii of 3He and 3H with the new Bonn
      potential.

PMID- 9955063
TI  - Alpha-cluster model theory of 44Ti and an effective two-body interaction.

PMID- 9955064
TI  - Test of the O(6) character of nuclei near A=130.

PMID- 9955065
TI  - Renormalizability of effective pionic Lagrangians in the nuclear medium.

PMID- 9955066
TI  - Microscopic investigation of the alpha +18O system in a three-cluster model.

PMID- 9955068
TI  - Nucleon-nucleon interaction with nonlocal tensor contribution for the 3S1-3D1
      state.

PMID- 9955067
TI  - Ring diagram nuclear matter calculations using Bonn and V14 potentials.

PMID- 9955069
TI  - Limits on P- and P,T-violating absorption of MeV neutrons in 165Ho.

PMID- 9955070
TI  - Large-angle pi +p elastic scattering at 66.8 MeV.

PMID- 9955071
TI  - Decay of the first isobaric analog state in 69Ge.

PMID- 9955072
TI  - Yrast band in doubly-odd 138Eu.

PMID- 9955073
TI  - Unfavored allowed beta decay of the 11/2- isomer of 141Nd.

PMID- 9955075
TI  - Lepton-induced weak interactions in nuclei in the 1 to 3 GeV range.

PMID- 9955074
TI  - Quadrupole moment of the first 2(+) excited state in 64Zn.

PMID- 9955076
TI  - Quasifree electron scattering on nucleons in a momentum-dependent potential.

PMID- 9955077
TI  - Hermitian treatment of Dyson boson theory.

PMID- 9955079
TI  - Potential separable expansion approach to scattering on Coulomb-like potentials.

PMID- 9955078
TI  - 182-190Pt and 180-188Os isotopes in the phenomenological interacting boson model.

PMID- 9955080
TI  - Comment on "Model wave functions for the deuteron"

PMID- 9955081
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Model wave functions for the deuteron' "

PMID- 9955082
TI  - Comment on "Search for nonresonant capture in the 16O

PMID- 9955083
TI  - Erratum: High energy gamma rays from the 12C

PMID- 9955085
TI  - Usual rotational behavior in 178Os.

PMID- 9955084
TI  - Evidence for narrow structure in the analyzing power of the 3He(p

PMID- 9955086
TI  - 37Ar as a calibration source for solar neutrino detectors.

PMID- 9955088
TI  - beta -band moment of inertia anomaly.

PMID- 9955087
TI  - Reaction 6Li

PMID- 9955090
TI  - Spectroscopy of unbound isobaric analog states via 28Si(d,n)29P and 32S(d,n)33Cl
      reactions.

PMID- 9955089
TI  - Semidecoupling in doubly odd deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9955091
TI  - Vector analyzing powers for 1H(d

PMID- 9955092
TI  - Inelastic alpha scattering to the giant quadrupole and monopole resonances of
      58Ni, 92Mo, and 120Sn at 152 MeV.

PMID- 9955094
TI  - One-nucleon-transfer reactions for Ag isotopes in the interacting boson-fermion
      model.

PMID- 9955093
TI  - Quadrupole transitions at very small momentum transfer in nuclei.

PMID- 9955095
TI  - High-energy gamma-ray production in light-ion induced reactions.

PMID- 9955096
TI  - Alpha-particle energy spectra from the (p, alpha ) reaction on nuclei around
      atomic number 50.

PMID- 9955097
TI  - Comparison of average s-wave resonance spacings from proton and neutron
      resonances.

PMID- 9955099
TI  - Giant monopole resonance in Sn and Sm nuclei and the compressibility of nuclear
      matter.

PMID- 9955098
TI  - 70Zn(p,t)68Zn reaction at Ep=35 MeV.

PMID- 9955100
TI  - Surface contributions to the complex neutron-208Pb mean field between -20 and +20
      MeV.

PMID- 9955101
TI  - Neutron-40Ca mean field between -80 and +80 MeV from a dispersive optical-model
      analysis.

PMID- 9955102
TI  - Transport description for capture processes in nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9955103
TI  - Computational model for nuclear reaction studies: Quasiparticle dynamics.

PMID- 9955104
TI  - Sequential feeding and temperature determinations from the relative populations
      of widely separated states in 4He, 5Li, and 8Be nuclei.

PMID- 9955105
TI  - Decay of deformed 59Cu nuclei.

PMID- 9955107
TI  - Failure of finite-range distorted-wave Born approximation and coupled-channels
      Born approximation to describe (7Li,6Li) single particle transitions.

PMID- 9955106
TI  - Dileptons as a probe of pion, kaon, nucleon, and antinucleon dynamics in nuclear
      matter.

PMID- 9955108
TI  - Narrow component of momentum width and neutron halo in 11Li.

PMID- 9955109
TI  - Shape coexistence in 189Tl.

PMID- 9955110
TI  - Entropy from fragment yields in nucleus-nucleus collisions around 100
      MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9955111
TI  - Measurement of the 12C(3He, pi +)15N reaction cross section near threshold.

PMID- 9955112
TI  - Crossing constraints for hyperon reactions.

PMID- 9955113
TI  - Lambda -nucleus single-particle potentials.

PMID- 9955114
TI  - Isospin splitting of the giant dipole built on the isobaric analog state.

PMID- 9955115
TI  - Measurement of pi +d--> Delta ++n at intermediate energy.

PMID- 9955116
TI  - 2H(p,2p)n at 508 MeV: Recoil momenta <= 200 MeV/c.

PMID- 9955118
TI  - Calculation of excitation functions for proton-nucleus spallation reactions.

PMID- 9955117
TI  - Multiple scattering description of intermediate energy deuteron-nucleus elastic
      scattering.

PMID- 9955120
TI  - Angular distributions for 16O( gamma,p)15N at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9955119
TI  - Excitation function for the pion single-charge-exchange reaction 13C( pi +, pi
      0)13N (g.s.).

PMID- 9955121
TI  - Spin observables in small-angle elastic p

PMID- 9955122
TI  - Neutral strange particle production and inelastic cross section in p-bar+Ta
      reaction at 4 GeV/c.

PMID- 9955123
TI  - Deep inelastic electron scattering in the distorted-wave Born approximation: An
      analytic approach.

PMID- 9955124
TI  - Laser spectroscopy of 170Tm.

PMID- 9955125
TI  - Double K-shell ionization accompanying internal conversion of the 0.662-MeV
      transition in 137Bam.

PMID- 9955127
TI  - Activation of 111Cdm by single pulses of intense bremsstrahlung.

PMID- 9955126
TI  - 43K( beta -) 43Ca and the structure of 43K and 43Ca.

PMID- 9955128
TI  - Fragmentation of octupole strength in even-A Pt isotopes.

PMID- 9955129
TI  - Shell-model predictions for electromagnetic properties of N=50 nuclei.

PMID- 9955130
TI  - Nuclear linear response to electroweak interactions in a relativistic theory for
      16O.

PMID- 9955132
TI  - Interaction strengths in the interacting boson-fermion model.

PMID- 9955131
TI  - Linear relation between the scattering length and the size of a loosely bound two
      body system: One-dimensional model analysis.

PMID- 9955134
TI  - Comparisons between shell-model calculations, seniority truncation, and
      quasiparticle approximations: Application to the odd Ni isotopes and odd N=82
      isotones.

PMID- 9955133
TI  - M3 transition to the scissors mode in the two-rotor model and random-phase
      approximation.

PMID- 9955135
TI  - Core polarization effects in sd-shell nuclei and charge-symmetry breaking in the
      nuclear mean field.

PMID- 9955136
TI  - Gyromagnetic factors of the high-spin yrast states in some doubly even germanium
      and selenium isotopes.

PMID- 9955137
TI  - Onset of large deformation and the occurrence of anomalous high-spin yrast
      spectra in the zirconium region.

PMID- 9955138
TI  - Spectral function of the p3/2 nucleons in 6Li.

PMID- 9955139
TI  - Nuclear spin alignment of mass separated 69Ge isomers.

PMID- 9955140
TI  - Possible octupole deformation in Cs and Ba nuclei from their differential radii.

PMID- 9955141
TI  - Scattering of charged particles in a time-dependent approach.

PMID- 9955142
TI  - Excitation functions for 12C+12C elastic scattering in the range Ec

PMID- 9955143
TI  - Finite Hermitian alternatives to the Dyson Hamiltonian.

PMID- 9955145
TI  - Single-particle potential in dense nuclear matter.

PMID- 9955144
TI  - Statistical model of subthreshold pion production.

PMID- 9955146
TI  - Approximations in the quasiparticle random phase evaluation of double beta decay
      rates.

PMID- 9955147
TI  - Comment on "Center-of-mass motion and Siegert's theorem"

PMID- 9955148
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Center-of-mass motion and Siegert's theorem' "

PMID- 9955150
TI  - Mixed symmetry in the vibrational nucleus 142Ce.

PMID- 9955151
TI  - Charge-radius changes in even-A platinum nuclei.

PMID- 9955149
TI  - Energy dependence of pion inelastic scattering to the 1(+) states in 12C.

PMID- 9955152
TI  - Self-consistent retardation in a three-dimensional relativistic equation.

PMID- 9955153
TI  - Three-body exchange mechanisms in the 3He( gamma,p)2H reaction.

PMID- 9955154
TI  - Energy-dependent corrections to spin observables in nucleon-nucleus inelastic
      scattering.

PMID- 9955155
TI  - Search for resonances in the 22Na(p, gamma )23Mg reaction.

PMID- 9955157
TI  - Breakup-fusion analyses of single-nucleon stripping to bound and unbound orbits.

PMID- 9955158
TI  - p-4He scattering: New data and a phase-shift analysis between 30 and 72 MeV.

PMID- 9955156
TI  - Inelastic electron scattering from 13C.

PMID- 9955159
TI  - Cross section and analyzing power measurements for the (p,d) reaction on 16O and
      40Ca at 200 MeV.

PMID- 9955160
TI  - Detailed-balance test of time-reversal symmetry for a pair of close-lying
      resonances.

PMID- 9955161
TI  - Levels in 112Pd and 102Mo.

PMID- 9955162
TI  - Neutron-hole strengths and core coupling in 87Sr via the 88Sr(3He, alpha )87Sr
      reaction.

PMID- 9955163
TI  - Laser-induced two-step population of nuclear resonances near neutron binding
      energies.

PMID- 9955164
TI  - Random-phase-approximation-based dynamical polarization potential.

PMID- 9955165
TI  - Semiclassical description of isovector giant multipole resonances.

PMID- 9955166
TI  - Nucleon exchange in the absence of strong driving forces: The reaction 238U+48Ca
      at Elab

PMID- 9955167
TI  - Emission times in low-energy heavy-ion reactions by particle-particle
      correlations.

PMID- 9955168
TI  - High-spin states in 114Sn.

PMID- 9955169
TI  - (16O,14C) reaction on some even N=28 isotones.

PMID- 9955171
TI  - Symmetric collision of two slabs in the framework of the Vlasov equation.

PMID- 9955170
TI  - Rotational bands in 140Gd: Systematics of triaxial N=76 isotones.

PMID- 9955172
TI  - Nuclear liquid-gas phase transition with finite range force.

PMID- 9955173
TI  - Coulomb instability of hot nuclei.

PMID- 9955175
TI  - Antiproton and antilambda annihilations on several nucleons.

PMID- 9955174
TI  - Electroexcitation of the Delta resonance in the (e,e'p) reaction.

PMID- 9955176
TI  - Two-amplitude model for the energy dependence of double charge exchange on 18O.

PMID- 9955177
TI  - Nuclear charge radii of the Te isotopes from muonic atoms.

PMID- 9955178
TI  - Inclusive pion-nucleus double charge exchange.

PMID- 9955179
TI  - Internal bremsstrahlung spectrum of 35S in the range from 10 to 100 keV.

PMID- 9955181
TI  - Boson transition densities within the interacting-boson-model picture: Rotational
      limit.

PMID- 9955182
TI  - Relativistic quasiparticle method in nuclear physics.

PMID- 9955180
TI  - Decay of 149Erg+m by positron and delayed proton emission and by electron
      capture.

PMID- 9955183
TI  - 127I(3He,t)127Xe reaction with relevance to neutrino detection.

PMID- 9955184
TI  - Successive decays of isomers in 81Sr.

PMID- 9955185
TI  - Branching ratios for the 12C( gamma,p) reaction at an excitation energy of 28
      MeV.

PMID- 9955186
TI  - Determination of the 235Th beta -decay end point energy.

PMID- 9955187
TI  - y scaling, binding effects, and the nucleon momentum distribution in 3He.

PMID- 9955188
TI  - Coarse graining of microscopic variables in the minimal information approach.

PMID- 9955189
TI  - Accurate energy determination of the 5673-keV state in 18F and implications in
      the 17O nucleosynthesis.

PMID- 9955190
TI  - Proton-neutron interacting boson model calculations in truncated F-spin space.

PMID- 9955191
TI  - Validity of F-spin multiplets and the consistent Q formalism in SU(3) nuclei.

PMID- 9955193
TI  - Radial shape of the Lambda N force.

PMID- 9955192
TI  - Self-consistent semiclassical calculation of the spin-orbit contribution to the
      nucleus-nucleus optical potential.

PMID- 9955195
TI  - Electron scattering and 14N wave functions.

PMID- 9955194
TI  - Comment on "Microscopic optical-potential analysis of charge-symmetry violation
      in pi +/- elastic scattering from 3H and 3He"

PMID- 9955196
TI  - Erratum: Quark distributions in nuclei

PMID- 9955197
TI  - Erratum: Effects of final-state interaction on the 12C(e,e'p)11B reaction

PMID- 9955198
TI  - Search for anomalous e+-e- annihilation from 140Pr.

PMID- 9955199
TI  - Irregularities at high spin in the odd-odd nucleus 158Tm.

PMID- 9955200
TI  - Search for the spontaneous emission of pions.

PMID- 9955201
TI  - Evidence for oscillating two-neutron transfer probabilities at large radial
      separation in heavy-ion reactions.

PMID- 9955202
TI  - Some relations for radiative-pion-capture and muon-capture rates.

PMID- 9955204
TI  - Isovector and isoscalar spin-flip excitations in even-even s-d shell nuclei
      excited by inelastic proton scattering.

PMID- 9955203
TI  - D-state effects in the radiative capture reaction d+ alpha -->6Li+ gamma.

PMID- 9955205
TI  - Photon scattering in the giant resonance region of 24Mg, 28Si, and 32S.

PMID- 9955207
TI  - Structure of the first excited state of 4He.

PMID- 9955206
TI  - Exact treatment of the Pauli exclusion operator in the nuclear matter Bethe
      Goldstone equation.

PMID- 9955208
TI  - Radiative proton capture to excited states in 16O.

PMID- 9955209
TI  - Scattering of polarized photons by protons.

PMID- 9955210
TI  - Evidence for M1 strength in the 3H(p

PMID- 9955211
TI  - Multinucleon knockout in electron scattering.

PMID- 9955212
TI  - Nucleon-induced deuteron breakup: Analysis of 14.1 MeV data by rigorous Faddeev
      calculations with meson-exchange NN interactions.

PMID- 9955213
TI  - Neutron-90Zr mean field from a dispersive optical model analysis.

PMID- 9955214
TI  - Optical model description of the neutron interaction with 116Sn and 120Sn over a
      wide energy range.

PMID- 9955215
TI  - Extrapolation of the dispersive optical model to the resonance region for
      neutrons on 86Kr.

PMID- 9955216
TI  - Nonstatistical effects observed with 52Cr+n resonances.

PMID- 9955217
TI  - Separable representation of the two-body Reid soft core T operator in terms of
      positive energy Weinberg states.

PMID- 9955219
TI  - Systematics of momentum distributions from reactions with relativistic ions.

PMID- 9955218
TI  - Preequilibrium neutron emission in the reactions 90Zr, 208Pb(p,xn) with 80 MeV
      projectiles.

PMID- 9955220
TI  - Properties of shape-driving orbitals: Rotational bands in 131La.

PMID- 9955221
TI  - Particle-particle coincidence measurements for 1,2,3H and 4He in the reaction 480
      MeV 56Fe+natAg.

PMID- 9955222
TI  - Temperatures and excitation energies of hot nuclei in the reactions of 32S+Ag and
      16O+Ag at 30 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9955223
TI  - Subbarrier fusion of 16O+147,149Sm.

PMID- 9955224
TI  - Two-neutron emission from electromagnetic dissociation of 59Co and 197Au targets
      by relativistic heavy ions.

PMID- 9955225
TI  - Rotational states in neutron-deficient 139Gd.

PMID- 9955226
TI  - Unique 6Li-nucleus optical potentials from elastic scattering of 210 MeV 6Li ions
      by 28Si, 40Ca, 90Zr, and 208Pb.

PMID- 9955227
TI  - Energy dependence of the optical potential for the 16O+144Sm system near the
      Coulomb barrier.

PMID- 9955228
TI  - Fragmentation mechanism in the 40Ar+58Ni reaction.

PMID- 9955229
TI  - Statistical calculation of fission decay probabilities of nuclear giant multipole
      resonances.

PMID- 9955230
TI  - Collective model distorted-wave Born approximation analysis of 500-MeV proton
      scattering from 40Ca.

PMID- 9955231
TI  - Lambda-neutron interaction in kaon photoproduction from the deuteron.

PMID- 9955232
TI  - Polarization of hypernuclei in the ( pi +,K+) reaction.

PMID- 9955233
TI  - Calculation of the first-order s-wave optical potential in pionic atoms.

PMID- 9955235
TI  - Level scheme of 148Pm and the s-process neutron density.

PMID- 9955234
TI  - Deuteron breakup at 2.1 and 1.25 GeV.

PMID- 9955237
TI  - Decay properties of 153Yb and 153Tm; Excitation energies of the s1/2 and h11/2
      proton states in 153Tm.

PMID- 9955236
TI  - Beta decay of 30Na: Experiment and theory.

PMID- 9955238
TI  - Rotational perturbation to the natural-parity rotational band of 163Dy.

PMID- 9955239
TI  - Shape transition and dynamical symmetries in the interacting boson model.

PMID- 9955240
TI  - Isoscalar monopole and quadrupole strength of 16O in an alpha +12C cluster and
      symplectic mixed basis.

PMID- 9955241
TI  - Comparison of two kinds of truncations.

PMID- 9955242
TI  - Field theoretical model for nuclear and neutron matter: Thermal effects.

PMID- 9955243
TI  - Neutron-proton weak coupling: Reducing shell-model dimensions by truncations in
      the neutron and proton subspaces.

PMID- 9955245
TI  - Inverted signature dependence of B(M1) in natural-parity rotational bands.

PMID- 9955244
TI  - Direct measurements of neutron emission in complete and incomplete 12C-induced
      fusion reactions.

PMID- 9955246
TI  - Theoretical analysis of 208Pb(p,n) spectra at 200 MeV.

PMID- 9955247
TI  - Three-body forces in the SO(8) model.

PMID- 9955248
TI  - Use of inelastic pion scattering to study isospin mixing in nuclei.

PMID- 9955249
TI  - Shell-model calculations of the neutron-rich 40Cl nucleus.

PMID- 9955251
TI  - European Muon Collaboration effect in nuclear Drell-Yan processes.

PMID- 9955250
TI  - Pion charge exchange and the optical theorem.

PMID- 9955252
TI  - Tensor polarization in charge exchange reactions with Delta -isobar formation.

PMID- 9955254
TI  - Pionic components of the deuteron wave function.

PMID- 9955253
TI  - Nilsson parameter set in the A

PMID- 9955255
TI  - Density matrix expansion in the Gaussian wave-packet phase space representation.

PMID- 9955256
TI  - Erratum: Charge and mass distributions from the reaction of 240 MeV 12C ions with
      238U

PMID- 9955257
TI  - Neutron decay from the giant resonance region in 208Pb.

PMID- 9955258
TI  - Onset of multifragment emission in heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9955259
TI  - Dependence of 12B excitation energy on its kinetic energy in the 14N + Ag
      reaction at E/A=35 MeV.

PMID- 9955260
TI  - Simple relationships in the eikonal model of the energy flow in ultrarelativistic
      heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9955261
TI  - Absorptive effects in K+ Lambda photoproduction on nucleons and nuclei.

PMID- 9955262
TI  - Fragmentation of high-spin particle-hole states in 26Mg.

PMID- 9955263
TI  - Bonn meson-exchange potential in the N-N-bar system.

PMID- 9955265
TI  - Anomalous behavior in some recent parametrizations of the nucleon-nucleon S and K
      matrices.

PMID- 9955264
TI  - Structure of 14C via elastic and inelastic neutron scattering from 13C:
      Measurement and R-matrix analysis.

PMID- 9955266
TI  - Measurement of the 27Al(n, alpha )24Na reaction cross section in the energy
      region 7.13 to 9.01 MeV.

PMID- 9955267
TI  - Absolute ground-state (t,p) strengths in germanium isotopes and two-state mixing.

PMID- 9955268
TI  - Phenomenological analysis of dispersion corrections for neutron and proton
      scattering from 208Pb.

PMID- 9955269
TI  - Determination of 193Au and 193Hg atomic masses by the 197Au( alpha,8He)193Au
      reaction.

PMID- 9955270
TI  - Delbruck and nuclear Rayleigh effects in elastic photon scattering in the giant
      dipole resonance region.

PMID- 9955272
TI  - Statistical decay of fragments from C + 12C, 2.1 GeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9955273
TI  - Relativistic Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation for nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9955271
TI  - Preequilibrium emission and target-projectile-like correlations for 20Ne+60Ni at
      E(20Ne

PMID- 9955275
TI  - 64Ni +92Zr fission yields at energies close to the Coulomb barrier.

PMID- 9955276
TI  - Elastic scattering of the unstable nucleus 7Be on 12C at 140 MeV.

PMID- 9955274
TI  - Vector polarized 6Li scattering from 12C and 16O.

PMID- 9955277
TI  - Classical equations-of-motion model for high-energy heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9955278
TI  - Effect of alpha -transfer polarization potential in the 24Mg

PMID- 9955279
TI  - Peripheral reactions induced by a 2.1-GeV/nucleon 12C beam on a C target using a
      simple combinatorial model.

PMID- 9955280
TI  - 12C+12C structure factor at sub-Coulomb energies.

PMID- 9955281
TI  - Rotational bands in doubly odd 176,178Re.

PMID- 9955283
TI  - Tunneling through equivalent multihumped fission barriers: Some implications for
      the actinide nuclei.

PMID- 9955282
TI  - Au photofission cross section by quasimonochromatic photons in the intermediate
      energy region.

PMID- 9955285
TI  - Polarization observables in pi d

PMID- 9955284
TI  - Kaon photoproduction from nuclei in a relativistic nuclear model.

PMID- 9955286
TI  - J dependence in the reaction 16O( pi +,2p)14N at 116 MeV.

PMID- 9955287
TI  - Neutron-proton analyzing power measurements from 375 to 775 MeV.

PMID- 9955289
TI  - Positron polarization from the decay of 25Al relative to 26Alm.

PMID- 9955288
TI  - First-order pion-nucleus optical potential in the nuclear surface near the Delta
      33 resonance.

PMID- 9955290
TI  - Experimental mass excess of 40Cl and 42Cl.

PMID- 9955291
TI  - Isomers in the 123Cd and 125Cd decays and level schemes in 123In and 125In.

PMID- 9955292
TI  - Linear response treatment of multipole excitations at finite temperature.

PMID- 9955293
TI  - Resonant random phase approximation.

PMID- 9955294
TI  - Finite-density effective sigma meson mass in chiral models.

PMID- 9955295
TI  - Broken SU(3) symmetry applied to rotational nuclei: Cylindrical intrinsic states
      in the interacting boson model.

PMID- 9955296
TI  - Three- and N-body systems: An approach in terms of relative coordinates and
      momenta.

PMID- 9955297
TI  - Collective spin in nuclear dynamical symmetry.

PMID- 9955299
TI  - Comparison of mean-field and exact Monte Carlo solutions of a one-dimensional
      nuclear model.

PMID- 9955298
TI  - Numerical realization of the fermion dynamical symmetry model.

PMID- 9955300
TI  - New approach to multishell calculations in multiple angular momentum coupling
      schemes.

PMID- 9955301
TI  - Comparison of realistic and symmetry-determined S and D pairs for 156Gd.

PMID- 9955302
TI  - Supersymmetry classification of nuclear levels in odd-mass platinum isotopes.

PMID- 9955303
TI  - Structure of 17C and 17N.

PMID- 9955304
TI  - Importance of the neutron-proton interaction for Zr isotopes.

PMID- 9955305
TI  - Parametrization of the relativistic Dirac-Brueckner G matrix.

PMID- 9955306
TI  - Possible discontinuity in octupole behavior in the Pt-Hg region.

PMID- 9955307
TI  - Observation of the ground-state band of 234Th using the 232Th(18O,16O) reaction.

PMID- 9955308
TI  - Contributions to the E2 transition in the reaction 2H( gamma,n)p.

PMID- 9955310
TI  - High-energy reaction cross sections of light nuclei.

PMID- 9955309
TI  - Identification of 181Pb in 40Ca irradiations of 144Sm.

PMID- 9955311
TI  - Persistence of octupole bands to high angular momentum in the A=80 region.

PMID- 9955313
TI  - Finite size corrections to the thermodynamic properties of hot noninteracting
      fermion systems.

PMID- 9955312
TI  - Effective nucleon-nucleon t matrix in the (p,2p) reaction.

PMID- 9955314
TI  - Antisymmetrization correction for nucleon-nucleus elastic scattering.

PMID- 9955315
TI  - Spin of the proton and the chiral bag.

PMID- 9955316
TI  - Multiplicity distributions for the reaction 40Ar on 27Al calculated in the
      statistical multifragmentation model.

PMID- 9955317
TI  - Ambiguities in the determination of the elementary pn-->pn gamma bremsstrahlung
      cross section.

PMID- 9955318
TI  - alpha 4He elastic scattering at high energies.

PMID- 9955319
TI  - Local potential alpha -cluster model and the Wildermuth condition.

PMID- 9955320
TI  - Erratum: Medium energy gamma rays in nuclear reactions

PMID- 9955322
TI  - Alternating parity structure in doubly odd 218Ac.

PMID- 9955321
TI  - Zero degree cross section for the reaction 14C(p,n) 14N2.31, 14N3.95 at 200, 300,
      and 450 MeV.

PMID- 9955324
TI  - Inversion of elastic scattering phase shifts calculated with algebraic scattering
      theory.

PMID- 9955323
TI  - Nucleon exchange and heat partition in damped collisions.

PMID- 9955325
TI  - High spin states of even-odd Er isotopes in the interacting boson-fermion model
      1.

PMID- 9955326
TI  - Neutral pion photoproduction on the proton near threshold and the chiral
      symmetry.

PMID- 9955327
TI  - Angular momentum dependence of the absorptive optical potential.

PMID- 9955328
TI  - Density dependence in the two-nucleon effective interaction at 135 MeV.

PMID- 9955329
TI  - Evaluation of E2 form factor: 24Mg.

PMID- 9955331
TI  - Nonmesonic photonuclear reactions in the three-nucleon system.

PMID- 9955330
TI  - 2H( gamma,n) absolute cross section at 2754 keV.

PMID- 9955333
TI  - Early stage equilibration dynamics in a two-component nuclear system.

PMID- 9955332
TI  - Low-energy nucleon-deuteron scattering.

PMID- 9955334
TI  - Neutron transition multipole moment for 88Sr( alpha, alpha ')88Sr (2(+), 1.84
      MeV).

PMID- 9955335
TI  - Systematic behavior of octupole strengths in 46,48,50Ti.

PMID- 9955336
TI  - Thermal-neutron scattering lengths and capture by even calcium isotopes.

PMID- 9955338
TI  - Fission barriers of light nuclei.

PMID- 9955337
TI  - Heavy-ion excitation and photon decay of giant resonances in 208Pb.

PMID- 9955339
TI  - 12C(12C,8Be)16O cross-section measurement at sub-barrier energies.

PMID- 9955340
TI  - Comparison of the 13C+16O reaction with 12C+17O.

PMID- 9955341
TI  - Pion production and distribution in grazing relativistic heavy-ion collisions: A
      Monte Carlo method.

PMID- 9955343
TI  - Proton and neutron alignments and transition strengths in the transitional
      nucleus 81Rb.

PMID- 9955342
TI  - Systematics of charge-pickup reactions by GeV/nucleon heavy nuclei.

PMID- 9955344
TI  - Mass dependence of high-energy gamma-ray production in heavy-ion reactions.

PMID- 9955345
TI  - Quasielastic scattering of 30Si on 208Pb and the quadrupole moments of 2+ levels
      in 30Si.

PMID- 9955346
TI  - Single-particle and multiparticle analysis of nucleus-nucleus collisions at 14.6,
      60, and 200 GeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9955347
TI  - 12C-induced single particle transfer reactions at E/A=50 MeV.

PMID- 9955348
TI  - Multifragmentation, fragment flow, and the nuclear equation of state.

PMID- 9955349
TI  - Comparison of fission of heavy nuclei induced by different probes.

PMID- 9955351
TI  - Production of pi degrees in the Coulomb field of nuclei by virtual photons from
      electron scattering.

PMID- 9955350
TI  - y-scaling analysis of the electromagnetic longitudinal and transverse response
      functions.

PMID- 9955352
TI  - Excitation of spin-isospin modes in the quasifree scattering region.

PMID- 9955353
TI  - Dirac optical potentials for nucleon scattering by 208Pb at intermediate
      energies.

PMID- 9955354
TI  - High-energy photons in neutron-proton and proton-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9955355
TI  - Measurement of t20 in pi +d elastic scattering.

PMID- 9955356
TI  - Energy of the 32-keV transition of 83Krm and the atomic mass difference between
      3H and 3He.

PMID- 9955357
TI  - beta + decay and cosmic-ray half-life of 54Mn.

PMID- 9955358
TI  - Level structure of odd-mass Pr isotopes: Decay of 3.0-min 145Ce to levels of
      145Pr.

PMID- 9955360
TI  - Shell model study of 40S( beta -)40Cl and the energy levels of 40Cl.

PMID- 9955359
TI  - Decay study of 104Inm,g.

PMID- 9955361
TI  - Relativistic calculation of the deuteron quadrupole and magnetic moments.

PMID- 9955363
TI  - 9Be and 9B nuclei in a microscopic three-cluster model.

PMID- 9955362
TI  - Comparison between effective Hamiltonians in symmetry restoring methods:
      Intrinsic collective excitations in deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9955364
TI  - Toward a quantum chromodynamical derivation of nuclear physics.

PMID- 9955365
TI  - Six-fermion tests of Dyson boson mappings.

PMID- 9955367
TI  - Nuclear shape transitions at finite temperature.

PMID- 9955366
TI  - Delta component in the nuclear ground state.

PMID- 9955368
TI  - Nuclear structure of 154,156Dy in the dynamic pairing-plus-quadrupole model.

PMID- 9955370
TI  - Isovector giant dipole resonance in hot rotating light nuclei in the calcium
      region.

PMID- 9955369
TI  - Calculation of rotational spectra of well-deformed nuclei up to very high spins.

PMID- 9955372
TI  - Thermal-neutron cross section for 10B(n,t)2 alpha via 3He-4He mass spectrometry.

PMID- 9955371
TI  - Absolute photoneutron cross section of 127I.

PMID- 9955374
TI  - Shell-model realization of the scissors mode.

PMID- 9955373
TI  - Phenomenological analysis of 10B+16O elastic scattering.

PMID- 9955375
TI  - Intrinsic basis function in the Dyson boson mapping.

PMID- 9955376
TI  - Erratum: Electron scattering studies of the ground state rotational band of 152Sm

PMID- 9955377
TI  - Erratum: Decay of a new 16.7 min isomer of 131Sb

PMID- 9955378
TI  - Heavy fragment radioactivity of 238Pu: Si and Mg emission.

PMID- 9955379
TI  - Superdeformation in the odd-odd nucleus 150Tb: Experimental search for
      superdeformed configurations.

PMID- 9955380
TI  - 14N(n,p)14C cross section from 61 meV to 34.6 keV and its astrophysical
      implications.

PMID- 9955381
TI  - Strength function of the d5/2 hole state in 39Ca.

PMID- 9955382
TI  - Single-particle strength distributions in 41Ca.

PMID- 9955383
TI  - Heavy-fragment radioactivities and resonances in heavy-ion collisions: A
      correlation.

PMID- 9955384
TI  - Coulomb sum rule in the relativistic sigma omega rho model.

PMID- 9955386
TI  - Inelastic (1(+)-->0(+)) electromagnetic form factor of 6Li from three-body
      models.

PMID- 9955385
TI  - 2H(d

PMID- 9955388
TI  - Knockon exchange contribution in the resonating-group study of the nucleus
      nucleus interaction.

PMID- 9955387
TI  - Strong nonstatistical effects in neutron capture at the 2p size resonance region.

PMID- 9955390
TI  - Discretization methods of the breakup continuum in deuteron-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9955389
TI  - Differential cross section at forward and backward angles for deuteron
      photodisintegration at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9955392
TI  - Microscopic optical-model calculations of neutron total cross sections and cross
      section differences.

PMID- 9955391
TI  - Parity violation in the 0.734-eV neutron resonance in 139La.

PMID- 9955393
TI  - Inelastic scattering of 66.5 MeV protons from 148Sm and 154Sm.

PMID- 9955394
TI  - 53Cr(n,n' gamma ) reactions and the level structure of 53Cr.

PMID- 9955395
TI  - Quasifree scattering in the preequilibrium region.

PMID- 9955396
TI  - Direct and preequilibrium processes studied in the 51V( alpha, alpha 'p) reaction
      at E alpha =172.5 MeV.

PMID- 9955397
TI  - Optical model analysis of polarized neutron scattering from aluminum, copper, and
      chromium.

PMID- 9955398
TI  - Optical model analysis of polarized neutron scattering from yttrium, lanthanum,
      and thulium.

PMID- 9955399
TI  - High spin states in 78Sr.

PMID- 9955400
TI  - Charge, mass, and energy changes during fragmentation of relativistic nuclei.

PMID- 9955402
TI  - Particle-core coupling in 141Pm.

PMID- 9955403
TI  - Relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics and the nuclear equation of state.

PMID- 9955401
TI  - High spin states in 137Pr.

PMID- 9955405
TI  - Long-range correlations in nucleus-nucleus interactions at ultrahigh energies.

PMID- 9955404
TI  - Neutron inclusive measurements in 14N+Ag reactions at 35 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9955406
TI  - Simultaneous analyses of elastic scattering and fusion cross sections for the
      32S+58,64Ni systems at energies near the Coulomb barrier.

PMID- 9955408
TI  - Intermediate structure in 12C+16O system through alpha-induced reactions on 24Mg
      in the energy range E alpha =26-37 MeV.

PMID- 9955407
TI  - Nonequilibrium effects in the 139La+40Ar reaction at 10 MeV per nucleon observed
      in a study of neutron emission.

PMID- 9955409
TI  - beta -delayed fission from 256Esm and the level scheme of 256Fm.

PMID- 9955410
TI  - Beta-delayed fission and neutron emission calculations for the actinide
      cosmochronometers.

PMID- 9955411
TI  - Phenomenological model analysis of elastic and inelastic scattering of

PMID- 9955412
TI  - "Inevitable" nonstrange dibaryon.

PMID- 9955414
TI  - Dirac equation analysis of intermediate-energy 3He-nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9955413
TI  - pi - capture on the deuteron as a dibaryon search.

PMID- 9955415
TI  - Use of form factors in electromagnetic interactions.

PMID- 9955416
TI  - Approach to criticality in the fragmentation of xenon by 1-19 GeV protons.

PMID- 9955417
TI  - Fermi and Gamow-Teller strength in p-shell nuclei from (p,n) reactions at 492 and
      590 MeV.

PMID- 9955419
TI  - Electromagnetic production of Sigma hypernuclei.

PMID- 9955418
TI  - Coupled channels analysis of positive pion inelastic scattering from 28Si at 50
      MeV.

PMID- 9955420
TI  - Potential model calculations of parity violation in proton-proton scattering.

PMID- 9955422
TI  - Identification of 145Er and 145Ho.

PMID- 9955423
TI  - Structure of neutron-rich 74Zn from 74Cu decay and shell-model calculations for
      even-A Zn nuclei.

PMID- 9955421
TI  - Structure of odd-odd 132Sb.

PMID- 9955424
TI  - Beta decay of 18N to alpha particle emitting states in 18O and a proposed search
      for parity violation in 18O.

PMID- 9955425
TI  - Theory of cluster radioactive decay and of cluster formation in nuclei.

PMID- 9955426
TI  - Iterative boson expansion procedure for fermion systems.

PMID- 9955428
TI  - Mechanism of shape transition in neutron-rich palladium isotopes.

PMID- 9955427
TI  - Shapes and shape fluctuations in hot rotating 158Yb nuclei.

PMID- 9955430
TI  - Unitary transformation from color-spin to isospin-spin coupling schemes for six
      quark color singlet states.

PMID- 9955429
TI  - Isoscalar giant resonances in a relativistic model.

PMID- 9955431
TI  - Chiral-quark-gluon description of the nuclear force.

PMID- 9955433
TI  - Quark mass differences and isospin violation in the pion-nucleon coupling
      constants.

PMID- 9955432
TI  - Rotational bands and band crossings in 119Xe.

PMID- 9955434
TI  - Spectroscopy of 20Ne and 24Mg nuclei in the interacting boson model including g
      bosons.

PMID- 9955436
TI  - Choice of finite-temperature single-particle potential and preservation of
      thermodynamic relations.

PMID- 9955435
TI  - Macroscopic theory of heavy-ion fusion reactions.

PMID- 9955438
TI  - Presence of a deep inelastic component at bombarding energies close to the
      Coulomb barrier: The Ni+Sn case.

PMID- 9955437
TI  - Role of static hexadecapole deformations in subbarrier fusion reactions between
      heavy ions.

PMID- 9955439
TI  - Comment on "Electromagnetic production of kaons"

PMID- 9955441
TI  - Comment on "37Ar as a calibration source for solar neutrino detectors"

PMID- 9955440
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Electromagnetic production of kaons' "

PMID- 9955442
TI  - Reply to "Comment on '37Ar as a calibration source for solar neutrino detectors'
      "

PMID- 9955443
TI  - Comment on "Properties of intermediate width structure in 12C(12C,12C)12C (02+)"

PMID- 9955445
TI  - Comment on "Fusion of 32S+27Al and 19F+40Ca and the nucleus-nucleus potential"

PMID- 9955444
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Properties of intermediate width structure in
      12C(12C,12C)12C (02+)' "

PMID- 9955446
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Fusion of 32S+27Al and 19F+40Ca and the nucleus-nucleus
      potential' "

PMID- 9955447
TI  - Erratum: Relativistic impulse approximation description of polarized proton
      elastic scattering from polarized 13C

PMID- 9955448
TI  - Direct ( pi +,pd) cross sections for light nuclei.

PMID- 9955449
TI  - Impact parameter dependence of incomplete fusion between 10 and 20 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9955450
TI  - Cluster-model calculations of exotic decays from heavy nuclei.

PMID- 9955451
TI  - Calculation of the absolute lifetimes of the variety of decay modes of 234U.

PMID- 9955452
TI  - Tests of factorization in strong-interaction few-body problems.

PMID- 9955453
TI  - Empirical effective interaction for 135 MeV nucleons.

PMID- 9955454
TI  - Neutron-induced deuteron breakup cross section at 10.3 MeV.

PMID- 9955455
TI  - Relativistic multipole operators for semileptonic weak and electromagnetic
      nuclear reactions.

PMID- 9955456
TI  - Coupled-channel analysis of elastic and inelastic alpha scattering on 24Mg in the
      energy range 28-120 MeV.

PMID- 9955458
TI  - Causality and the Coulomb sum rule in nuclei.

PMID- 9955457
TI  - Deformed nature of the 6- states in 26Al observed by the ( alpha,t) reaction.

PMID- 9955460
TI  - 148Gd(p,t)146Gd reaction: Neutron states in 146Gd.

PMID- 9955459
TI  - Convergence of the orthogonalized resonating group method.

PMID- 9955461
TI  - Stretched high-spin two-neutron-hole states in 206Pb and 114Sn via the (p,t)
      reaction at 168 MeV.

PMID- 9955462
TI  - Fusion of 16O + 40Ca at Elab(16O)=13.4 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9955463
TI  - Fragmentation cross sections of 28Si at 14.5 GeV/nucleon.
AB  - We used CR39 plastic nuclear track detectors (C12H18O7) in combination with
      automatic track measurement techniques to determine total charge changing and
      partial cross sections for the production of fragments of charge ZF = 6 to ZF =
      13 in collisions of 28Si beam nuclei at 14.5 GeV/nucleon in targets H, C, CR39,
      (C18H38O), Al, Cu, Ag, and Pb.  By application of factorization rules, measured
      partial cross sections are separated into pure nuclear and electromagnetic
      components.  The cross sections for electromagnetic dissociation agree with
      theoretical models.  The results are consistent with a Z2 dependence of virtual
      photon spectra.

PMID- 9955464
TI  - Target residues from the interaction of copper with 15-45 MeV/nucleon 12C ions.

PMID- 9955466
TI  - Nuclear mean field dynamics in the lattice Hamiltonian Vlasov method.

PMID- 9955465
TI  - g factor of the (59/2(-) isomer in 147Gd.

PMID- 9955467
TI  - Rotational band structure in odd-odd 132La.

PMID- 9955469
TI  - Systematics of fusion-fission time scales.

PMID- 9955468
TI  - Complete and incomplete fusion of 6 MeV/nucleon light heavy ions on 51V.

PMID- 9955470
TI  - Effective Lagrangian approach to K+-nucleon scattering and K+ photoproduction.

PMID- 9955471
TI  - Application of chiral bag model to pion photoproduction.

PMID- 9955472
TI  - Nuclear interaction currents.

PMID- 9955473
TI  - Covariant one-meson exchange in the soliton model.

PMID- 9955474
TI  - Electron-inclusive threshold electroproduction calculations and subthreshold kaon
      electroproduction from nuclei.

PMID- 9955476
TI  - Problems of describing spin-(3/2 baryon resonances in the effective Lagrangian
      theory.

PMID- 9955475
TI  - Isobaric yield curves at A=72 from the spallation of medium mass isotopes by
      intermediate energy protons.

PMID- 9955477
TI  - Radiative muon capture in a relativistic mean field theory: Fermi gas model.

PMID- 9955478
TI  - 14C( pi +, pi -)14O reaction between 19 and 80 MeV.

PMID- 9955480
TI  - Mechanisms for spin suppression and orbital enhancement in M1 transitions:
      Critical assessment.

PMID- 9955479
TI  - Decay of 50V.

PMID- 9955481
TI  - Gamma-gamma angular correlations in the decay of 76As.

PMID- 9955482
TI  - Collisional width of giant resonances and interplay with Landau damping.

PMID- 9955483
TI  - Even-odd Xe and Ba isotopes in the interacting boson-fermion model.

PMID- 9955484
TI  - Linear-response calculation of electromagnetic strength functions for hot,
      rotating nuclei.

PMID- 9955485
TI  - Static path approximation in deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9955486
TI  - Noncompact orthosymplectic supersymmetry in 61Ni and 62Ni.

PMID- 9955487
TI  - Random phase approximation studies in the fermion dynamical symmetry model:
      SO(8).

PMID- 9955488
TI  - Liquid-gas and superconducting phase transitions in finite symmetric nuclear
      matter.

PMID- 9955489
TI  - Heavy-fragment radioactivity of 234U.

PMID- 9955490
TI  - Evidence for a (semi)direct component in the decay of the isoscalar giant
      monopole in 208Pb.

PMID- 9955491
TI  - Laser-assisted internal conversion.

PMID- 9955492
TI  - Coupling constants in kaon photoproduction.

PMID- 9955493
TI  - Role of core polarization in inelastic electron scattering from even Ni isotopes.

PMID- 9955494
TI  - Transition from quasielastic to damped processes in the 32S+64Ni reaction.

PMID- 9955496
TI  - Isospin fragmentation of pairing vibrations.

PMID- 9955495
TI  - Renormalized quasielastic response of finite nuclei.

PMID- 9955498
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Electromagnetic dissociation of 59Co and 197Au targets by
      relativistic 139La projectiles' "

PMID- 9955497
TI  - Comment on "Electromagnetic dissociation of 59Co and 197Au targets by
      relativistic 139La projectiles"

PMID- 9955500
TI  - Erratum: Quark model calculations of nucleon structure functions

PMID- 9955499
TI  - Partition of excitation energy in the optimum Q-value model.

PMID- 9955501
TI  - Transition from quasivibrational to quasirotational structures in hot rotating
      158Yb nuclei.

PMID- 9955503
TI  - Diffraction dissociation of photons on hydrogen.

PMID- 9955502
TI  - Study of quark fragmentation in e+e- annihilation at 29 GeV: Global jet
      parameters and single-particle distributions.

PMID- 9955505
TI  - Comparison of top-quark and scalar-quark production at the CERN collider.

PMID- 9955504
TI  - Multiplicity distribution in hadron-nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9955507
TI  - QCD predictions for associated production of jets in p-barp-->W+/-X.

PMID- 9955506
TI  - Improved perturbative QCD estimates for the hadroproduction of heavy flavors.

PMID- 9955508
TI  - Dissipative phenomena in quark-gluon plasmas.

PMID- 9955510
TI  - Measurement of the weak neutral current via nuclear parity violation.

PMID- 9955509
TI  - Coherent photon radiation from nuclei as a probe of impact-parameter and nucleon
      velocity distribution in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9955511
TI  - Prompt lepton production in upsilon and t-quarkonium decays.

PMID- 9955512
TI  - Hadronic width of the chi 2.

PMID- 9955513
TI  - Detection of supersymmetric particles in W-boson decay.

PMID- 9955514
TI  - Phenomenological consequences of an enhanced top-quark Yukawa coupling.

PMID- 9955515
TI  - The S(1934).

PMID- 9955516
TI  - Second-order corrections to the muon anomalous magnetic moment in alternative
      electroweak models.

PMID- 9955517
TI  - Chiral model for nucleon and delta.

PMID- 9955518
TI  - Hyperfine splitting in a realistic basis for baryons.

PMID- 9955519
TI  - Quark model of light mesons with dynamically broken chiral symmetry.

PMID- 9955520
TI  - Semirelativistic potential model for charmonium.

PMID- 9955521
TI  - Gap equation for the chiral-symmetry-restoration transition.

PMID- 9955522
TI  - General numerical solutions of the Friedberg-Lee soliton model for ground and
      excited states.

PMID- 9955523
TI  - Precocious unification in simple grand unified theories.

PMID- 9955524
TI  - Lifting scalar-quark and -lepton masses with sideways U(1). II.

PMID- 9955525
TI  - Contribution of diffraction dissociation to the A dependence of inclusive pion
      fragmentation data.

PMID- 9955526
TI  - Completing information on a high-energy strong-interaction reaction.

PMID- 9955527
TI  - Chromoelectric flux tubes and the transverse-momentum distribution in high-energy
      nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9955528
TI  - Light-meson spectra from QCD spin-dependent forces.

PMID- 9955529
TI  - Isospin mass splittings of hadrons with heavy quarks.

PMID- 9955531
TI  - Comment on radiative corrections to the decay pi 0-->e++e-+ gamma.

PMID- 9955530
TI  - Derivation of the Wolfenstein form of the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix from fermion
      masses.

PMID- 9955532
TI  - Erratum: Radiative corrections to neutrino-induced neutral-current phenomena in
      the SU(2)L x U(1) theory

PMID- 9955533
TI  - Erratum: Quark-antiquark contribution to the hadroproduction of psi in the color
      singlet model

PMID- 9955534
TI  - Heavy flavors in jets from perturbative QCD.

PMID- 9955535
TI  - Mechanism for glueball production.

PMID- 9955536
TI  - Role of the equation of state in the hydrodynamical model.

PMID- 9955538
TI  - Symmetry behavior of the static Taub universe: Effect of curvature anisotropy.

PMID- 9955537
TI  - Multibaryons in Skyrme and quark models.

PMID- 9955539
TI  - Explicit curvature dependence of coupling constants.

PMID- 9955540
TI  - Proof of summed form of proper-time expansion for propagator in curved space
      time.

PMID- 9955541
TI  - Spherically symmetric systems of fields and black holes. V. Predynamical
      properties of causal structure.

PMID- 9955542
TI  - Oppenheimer-Snyder collapse with maximal time slicing and isotropic coordinates.

PMID- 9955543
TI  - Asymptotically Friedmann and Friedmann-type solutions to Einstein's equations
      when quantum effects due to conformally invariant fields are taken into account.

PMID- 9955545
TI  - Classification of gravitational waves in a nonsymmetric gravitational theory.

PMID- 9955544
TI  - Two equal Kerr-Newman sources in stationary equilibrium.

PMID- 9955547
TI  - Unitarity of conformal supergravity.

PMID- 9955546
TI  - Gravitational waves in an algebraically extended theory of gravity.

PMID- 9955549
TI  - Spontaneous gauge-symmetry breaking in higher-dimensional theories.

PMID- 9955548
TI  - N=4 remaining supersymmetry in a Kaluza-Klein monopole background in D=11
      supergravity theory.

PMID- 9955550
TI  - Effective actions and conformal transformations.

PMID- 9955551
TI  - Compatibility between the Brownian metric and the kinetic metric in Nelson
      stochastic quantization.

PMID- 9955553
TI  - Bell's theorem and delayed determinism.

PMID- 9955552
TI  - Note on the connection between spin and statistics.

PMID- 9955554
TI  - Causal action at a distance in a relativistic system of two bound charged
      spinless particles: Hydrogenlike models.

PMID- 9955555
TI  - Classical relativistic constituent particles and composite states. II.

PMID- 9955556
TI  - On the calculation of phase shifts produced by complex potentials. II.

PMID- 9955558
TI  - Fractional charges for the non-Abelian fermion-monopole system.

PMID- 9955557
TI  - Fermions interacting with spherically symmetric monopoles: Beyond the step
      function approximation.

PMID- 9955559
TI  - Quantized electric-flux-tube solutions to Yang-Mills theory.

PMID- 9955561
TI  - Static solutions in the vacuum sector of the Skyrme model.

PMID- 9955560
TI  - The t expansion and SU(2) lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9955563
TI  - Factorization of the Drell-Yan cross section in perturbation theory.

PMID- 9955562
TI  - Derivative expansions of fermion determinants: Anomaly-induced vertices,
      Goldstone-Wilczek currents, and Skyrme terms.

PMID- 9955564
TI  - Estimates of the electron g factor: Application of convergence acceleration
      methods to the QED series.

PMID- 9955565
TI  - Simple improvement of scaling and Lorentz invariance in lattice field theories.

PMID- 9955566
TI  - Lattice Skyrme model.

PMID- 9955567
TI  - Improved wave functions for large-N expansions.

PMID- 9955568
TI  - One-body approximation to the problem of three Dirac particles.

PMID- 9955569
TI  - Constrained superfields and gauge invariance.

PMID- 9955570
TI  - Note on the derivation of chiral anomalies from fermion determinants.

PMID- 9955571
TI  - Cancellation of higher-order anomalies.

PMID- 9955572
TI  - Polar gyroscopic tests of general relativity.

PMID- 9955573
TI  - Difficulties in synchronous-gauge density fluctuations.

PMID- 9955574
TI  - Special symmetries for the Utiyama Lagrangian with external Yang-Mills fields.

PMID- 9955576
TI  - Comment on the anharmonic oscillator and the analytic theory of continued
      fractions.

PMID- 9955575
TI  - Comment on "Simple procedure to calculate accurate energy levels of a double-well
      anharmonic oscillator"

PMID- 9955577
TI  - Renormalization-scheme-invariant perturbation theory: Miracle or mirage?

PMID- 9955578
TI  - Collapse of radiating fluid spheres and cosmic censorship.

PMID- 9955579
TI  - Reply to "Collapse of radiating fluid spheres and cosmic censorship"

PMID- 9955581
TI  - No-go theorems for the minimization of potentials.

PMID- 9955580
TI  - Erratum: Classical Kaluza-Klein cosmology for a torus space with a cosmological
      constant and matter

PMID- 9955582
TI  - Spinorial solitary wave dynamics of a (1+3)-dimensional model.

PMID- 9955584
TI  - Spontaneous compactification with antisymmetric tensor and scalar fields.

PMID- 9955583
TI  - Evidence for a first-order deconfinement transition in large-N gauge theory.

PMID- 9955586
TI  - Measurement of energy-energy correlations in e+e--->hadrons at sqrt s =29 GeV.

PMID- 9955585
TI  - Prompt muon production in e+e- annihilations at 29 GeV.

PMID- 9955587
TI  - New limit on the strength of mixing between nu micro and nu e.

PMID- 9955588
TI  - Experimental examination of the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect by high-energy
      electromagnetic cascade showers in lead.

PMID- 9955589
TI  - Excitation rates of heavy quarks.

PMID- 9955591
TI  - Twist-four corrections to asymmetry in polarized-electron-deuteron scattering.

PMID- 9955590
TI  - Twist-four corrections to charged- and neutral-current neutrino scattering.

PMID- 9955593
TI  - Response of deep detectors to extraterrestrial neutrinos.

PMID- 9955594
TI  - Hadron-hadron interaction in a string-flip model of quark confinement. II.
      Nucleon-nucleon interaction.

PMID- 9955592
TI  - V-A structure of the charged weak current of the tau lepton and the reaction
      gamma +N-->1(*)+ nu 1+N'

PMID- 9955595
TI  - Possible stabilizing lever for the phase-shift analysis of hyperon-nucleon
      scattering.

PMID- 9955596
TI  - Experimental implications of finite-width and PT effects in W-boson radiative
      production.

PMID- 9955598
TI  - Effects of the multiple-scattering structure in the propagation of hadronic
      properties in nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9955597
TI  - Deceleration of high-energy protons by heavy nuclei.

PMID- 9955599
TI  - Phenomenological coupling of excited lepton to Z0 and Z

PMID- 9955600
TI  - Surface vibrations of the nucleon.

PMID- 9955601
TI  - Baryon mass splittings and bag-model parameters.

PMID- 9955603
TI  - Glueball theory of the xi (2.22).

PMID- 9955602
TI  - Baryon spectrum of the Skyrme model.

PMID- 9955605
TI  - Dynamical resonances in strongly coupled Higgs models.

PMID- 9955604
TI  - Bounds on Higgs-boson masses in a two-doublet extension of the standard model.

PMID- 9955607
TI  - Nucleon electromagnetic and axial-vector form factors in the context of bag
      models.

PMID- 9955606
TI  - Recoil effects in a bag model.

PMID- 9955609
TI  - Surface motion of the spherical MIT bag and implications for baryon spectroscopy.

PMID- 9955608
TI  - Gluonic interactions in the soliton bag model.

PMID- 9955610
TI  - Flux-tube model for hadrons in QCD.

PMID- 9955612
TI  - Phenomenology on the lattice: Composite operators in lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9955611
TI  - Chiral and flavor SU(2) and SU(3) symmetry breaking in quantum chromodynamics.

PMID- 9955613
TI  - On Z4 horizontal symmetry and left-right-symmetric theories.

PMID- 9955614
TI  - Nonminimal SU(5) model.

PMID- 9955616
TI  - N=1 supergravity theories with gravitational mass scales.

PMID- 9955615
TI  - Intermediate mass scale of SU(N) grand unification with nontrivial charge
      assignment.

PMID- 9955617
TI  - Light-fermion mass hierarchies in supersymmetric models.

PMID- 9955618
TI  - Polarization phenomena in collinear reactions.

PMID- 9955620
TI  - New interactions and neutrino counting.

PMID- 9955619
TI  - Search for micro* pi * mass enhancements in neutrino- and antineutrino-deuterium
      charged-current interactions.

PMID- 9955621
TI  - Neutrino radiative-lifetime limits from the absence of solar gamma rays.

PMID- 9955622
TI  - On the new value for the electron asymmetry in Sigma -->ne nu and hyperon
      semileptonic decays.

PMID- 9955623
TI  - Production of scalar-quarkonium in t-quarkonium radiative decays.

PMID- 9955624
TI  - Potential model for quark confinement.

PMID- 9955625
TI  - Measurement of K* and K0 inclusive rates in e+e- annihilation at 29 GeV.

PMID- 9955626
TI  - Measurement of p

PMID- 9955627
TI  - Role of gluon-jet fragmentation in heavy-quark production by hadrons.

PMID- 9955628
TI  - Deformation effects in the Skyrmion-Skyrmion interaction.

PMID- 9955629
TI  - Evaluation of the derivative quartic terms of the meson chiral Lagrangian from
      forward dispersion relations.

PMID- 9955630
TI  - Relics of cosmic quark condensation.

PMID- 9955631
TI  - Induced-gravity inflation.

PMID- 9955632
TI  - Gravitational radiation from cosmic strings.

PMID- 9955633
TI  - Detectability of certain dark-matter candidates.

PMID- 9955634
TI  - Gravitational Casimir energy in non-Abelian Kaluza-Klein theories.

PMID- 9955635
TI  - Wave function of an anisotropic universe.

PMID- 9955637
TI  - Gauge coupling constants of the squashed seven-sphere in eleven-dimensional
      supergravity.

PMID- 9955636
TI  - Dimension of the Universe.

PMID- 9955638
TI  - Einstein-Maxwell dynamics as a P(4) affine theory.

PMID- 9955639
TI  - Charged spinning fluids with magnetic dipole moment in the Einstein-Cartan
      theory.

PMID- 9955640
TI  - Spinor matter fields in SL(2,C) gauge theories of gravity: Lagrangian and
      Hamiltonian approaches.

PMID- 9955641
TI  - Higher-order corrections to the laws of motion and precession for black holes and
      other bodies.

PMID- 9955642
TI  - Gravitational repulsion by Kerr and Kerr-Newman black holes.

PMID- 9955643
TI  - Relativistic Doppler-shift effects.

PMID- 9955644
TI  - Einstein's gravitation as a gauge theory of the Lorentz group.

PMID- 9955645
TI  - Particle in an external electromagnetic field. II. The exact velocity in a
      constant and uniform field.

PMID- 9955646
TI  - Second-order wave equation for spin-(1/2) fields.

PMID- 9955647
TI  - Path-integral formulation of the theory of loops and strings.

PMID- 9955648
TI  - Multiple-turning-point problems and lattice multiscale singular perturbation.

PMID- 9955649
TI  - Scalar field theory in 3+1 dimensions.

PMID- 9955650
TI  - Class of solutions of Yang's R-gauge equations and self-duality.

PMID- 9955651
TI  - Nonlocal Hamiltonian gauge theories and their connection with lattice
      Hamiltonians.

PMID- 9955652
TI  - Quantization of a nonlocal Abelian gauge theory and certain local-limit
      implications.

PMID- 9955653
TI  - Exact ground-state properties of the SU(2) Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9955654
TI  - Chiral order parameter of the Wilson fermion formulation in a lattice CPN-1
      model.

PMID- 9955655
TI  - Gauge invariance, charge conservation, and axial anomaly in fermion-monopole
      interactions.

PMID- 9955656
TI  - Axial and parity anomalies and vacuum charge: A direct approach.

PMID- 9955657
TI  - Chiral anomaly, bosonization, and fractional charge.

PMID- 9955658
TI  - Nambu-Jona-Lasinio-type effective Lagrangian: Anomalies and nonlinear Lagrangian
      of low-energy, large-N QCD.

PMID- 9955659
TI  - Chiral-symmetry breaking in supersymmetric gauge theories.

PMID- 9955660
TI  - Supersymmetric models for quarks and leptons with nonlinearly realized E

PMID- 9955661
TI  - Self-energy corrections to fermions in the presence of a thermal background.

PMID- 9955662
TI  - Localization of the dyon charge.

PMID- 9955663
TI  - Exact gravitational field of a string.

PMID- 9955664
TI  - Calculating heat kernels.

PMID- 9955665
TI  - Connections between the soliton dynamics provided by some integrable relativistic
      theories.

PMID- 9955666
TI  - N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in the light-cone gauge.

PMID- 9955667
TI  - Fractionization of the Witten index in some soluble models.

PMID- 9955668
TI  - Interaction of electric and magnetic charges: Addendum.

PMID- 9955669
TI  - Crossover from strong to weak coupling in lattice gauge theory with dynamical
      fermions.

PMID- 9955670
TI  - Thermodynamics of SU(2) gauge theory with dynamical, light fermions.

PMID- 9955672
TI  - Gravitational collapse of a radiating shell of matter.

PMID- 9955671
TI  - Nicolai maps on manifolds.

PMID- 9955674
TI  - Multisoliton solutions to Einstein's equations.

PMID- 9955673
TI  - Strong-coupling quantum gravity. III. Quasiclassical approximation.

PMID- 9955675
TI  - Anisotropic Kaluza-Klein cosmologies.

PMID- 9955676
TI  - Geometry of Kaluza-Klein theory. I. Basic setting.

PMID- 9955677
TI  - Geometry of Kaluza-Klein theory. II. Field equations.

PMID- 9955678
TI  - Does a phase transition in the early universe produce the conditions needed for
      inflation?

PMID- 9955679
TI  - Constraints on stress-energy perturbations in general relativity.

PMID- 9955681
TI  - Nonminimal N=1 supergravity effective theories.

PMID- 9955680
TI  - Stability of charged rotating black holes in the eikonal approximation.

PMID- 9955683
TI  - Quantum radiation in a one-dimensional cavity with moving boundaries.

PMID- 9955682
TI  - Harmonic expansions for (4+K)-dimensional Rarita-Schwinger fields on coset spaces
      and effective Lagrangian in four dimensions.

PMID- 9955684
TI  - World-line condition and the noninteraction theorem.

PMID- 9955685
TI  - One-dimensional motion for classical relativistic two-body systems in time
      asymmetric Lorentz scalar potentials.

PMID- 9955686
TI  - Radiative corrections to classical particle motion in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9955687
TI  - Unitary transformations of photon polarization vectors.

PMID- 9955688
TI  - Axial-gauge formulation of a three-dimensional field theory.

PMID- 9955690
TI  - Chiral anomaly and the Wess-Zumino condition.

PMID- 9955689
TI  - Supersymmetric QED at finite temperature and the principle of equivalence.

PMID- 9955692
TI  - Variational estimates for spectra in lattice Hamiltonian theories.

PMID- 9955691
TI  - Symmetry breaking of SU(n) gauge theories to maximal regular subgroups and fourth
      rank tensors.

PMID- 9955693
TI  - SU(N) x SU(N) chiral models on asymmetric lattices with standard and improved
      actions.

PMID- 9955695
TI  - Non-Abelian magnetic flux at high temperatures.

PMID- 9955694
TI  - Gauge invariance and the finite-element solution of the Schwinger model.

PMID- 9955696
TI  - Construction of a new class of axially symmetric SU(N) monopole solutions by
      Neugebauer's dressing method.

PMID- 9955697
TI  - QCD vacuum as a chromomagnetic superconductor: Microscopic physics.

PMID- 9955698
TI  - QCD chiral-symmetry breaking in a Rayleigh-Ritz variational calculation.

PMID- 9955699
TI  - Radiating Vaidya metric imbedded in de Sitter space.

PMID- 9955700
TI  - Superstring cosmology.

PMID- 9955702
TI  - Majorana spinors in higher-dimensional theories.

PMID- 9955701
TI  - Gravitational coupling of neutrinos to matter vorticity. II. Microscopic
      asymmetries in angular momentum modes.

PMID- 9955704
TI  - Tilde substitution law in thermo field dynamics: Thermal state conditions.

PMID- 9955703
TI  - Central two-particle forces are not sufficient in relativistic Newtonian
      mechanics for particles with spin.

PMID- 9955706
TI  - Reducing the number of flavors in the microcanonical method.

PMID- 9955707
TI  - Critical behavior of doubling approximations of the : phi4:2 lattice field
      theories.

PMID- 9955705
TI  - Comparison of the canonical Hamiltonian and the Hamiltonian of Callan and Rubakov
      for the monopole-fermion system.

PMID- 9955709
TI  - Causal fields and spin-statistics connection for massless particles in higher
      dimensions.

PMID- 9955708
TI  - Erratum: Modified quantum chromodynamics and ultraviolet divergences

PMID- 9955710
TI  - Search for heavy charged particles and light nuclei and antinuclei produced by
      400-GeV protons.

PMID- 9955712
TI  - Monte Carlo study of colorless clusters in jets.

PMID- 9955711
TI  - Effects of heavy unconventional scalars in leptonic interactions.

PMID- 9955713
TI  - Diquark cascade and meson production in diquark-deuteron fragmentation.

PMID- 9955715
TI  - Multiparticle production in proton-nucleus collisions at 200 GeV.

PMID- 9955714
TI  - Inclusive psi hadroproduction from quark-gluon scattering.

PMID- 9955716
TI  - Proton-nucleus inclusive reactions and momentum degradation of quarks.

PMID- 9955717
TI  - Angular distribution of shower particles produced in the collisions of 30-400-GeV
      protons with emulsion nuclei.

PMID- 9955718
TI  - Testing supersymmetry interpretations of anomalous missing-pT events observed at
      the CERN pp-bar collider.

PMID- 9955719
TI  - Angular distributions in anomalous l+l- gamma events.

PMID- 9955720
TI  - Photon and dilepton emission from the quark-gluon plasma: Some general
      considerations.

PMID- 9955721
TI  - Ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray spectrum.

PMID- 9955722
TI  - Properties of gluino-gluino-gluon states.

PMID- 9955724
TI  - Limitations of a semiclassical treatment of the Skyrme soliton.

PMID- 9955723
TI  - Chiral-symmetry breaking and light-quark masses in lattice QCD.

PMID- 9955725
TI  - New methods for static meson potentials.

PMID- 9955726
TI  - Tree-unitarity constraints on supersymmetric theories.

PMID- 9955727
TI  - Quark clusters and the deep-inelastic structure functions of nuclei.

PMID- 9955728
TI  - Light gauge fermions and scalar-electron pair production in e+e- annihilation.

PMID- 9955729
TI  - Weak Delta S=1 scattering experiments: Are they needed and feasible?

PMID- 9955730
TI  - Spin effects in large-angle meson-baryon scattering.

PMID- 9955732
TI  - On the polarization of the sea quarks.

PMID- 9955731
TI  - Phenomenological approach to secondary-particle yields in ultrarelativistic
      nuclear interactions.

PMID- 9955733
TI  - Compositeness signature of Z0 in the ll-bar gamma decay mode.

PMID- 9955734
TI  - KL--> gamma gamma in supersymmetric gauge theory.

PMID- 9955735
TI  - Electromagnetic mass splittings of heavier hadrons in the MIT bag model.

PMID- 9955736
TI  - Ground-state pseudoscalar nonet and the generalized MIT bag model.

PMID- 9955737
TI  - Rotational-vibrational coupling in the Skyrme-soliton model for baryons.

PMID- 9955738
TI  - Two-loop Feynman-gauge calculation of the meson nonsinglet evolution potential.

PMID- 9955739
TI  - Grand unification and supergravity in SO(10).

PMID- 9955740
TI  - Gauge-boson bound states in a unified SO14 model.

PMID- 9955741
TI  - Erratum: Models for polarization asymmetry in inclusive hadron production

PMID- 9955742
TI  - Hadronic invariant mass in semileptonic top decay: A simple way to detect top
      particle decay?

PMID- 9955743
TI  - Production of charged Higgs particles in W* decay.

PMID- 9955745
TI  - Kaluza-Klein cosmologies and inflation. II.

PMID- 9955744
TI  - Structure of elastic p-p scattering at low and high energies.

PMID- 9955746
TI  - Decaying particles do not "heat up" the Universe.

PMID- 9955748
TI  - Evolution equation for the Higgs field in an expanding universe.

PMID- 9955747
TI  - Feynman rules for finite-temperature Green's functions in an expanding universe.

PMID- 9955749
TI  - Scalar electrodynamics in Robertson-Walker universes.

PMID- 9955750
TI  - Quantum instability of de Sitter spacetime.

PMID- 9955752
TI  - Generic instabilities in first-order dissipative relativistic fluid theories.

PMID- 9955751
TI  - Inflation and reheating in Bianchi type-IX cosmology.

PMID- 9955753
TI  - Nonstatic radiating spheres in general relativity.

PMID- 9955754
TI  - Weak and strong quantum vacua in Bianchi type-I universes.

PMID- 9955755
TI  - Particle creation in de Sitter space.

PMID- 9955756
TI  - Particle and energy creation by moving mirrors.

PMID- 9955757
TI  - Black hole in thermal equilibrium with a scalar field: The back-reaction.

PMID- 9955758
TI  - Spherically symmetric systems of fields and black holes. IV. No room for black
      hole evaporation in the reduced configuration space?

PMID- 9955759
TI  - Relativistic transformation law of quantum fields: A slight generalization
      consistent with the equivalence of all Lorentz frames.

PMID- 9955760
TI  - Yang-Mills equations and parallel propagation on closed paths.

PMID- 9955761
TI  - Nonperturbative many-body techniques applied to a Yang-Mills field theory.

PMID- 9955762
TI  - Fermions and stochastic quantization.

PMID- 9955763
TI  - Schwinger-DeWitt proper-time expansion and eikonal approximation.

PMID- 9955765
TI  - New lattice approximation of gauge theories.

PMID- 9955764
TI  - Galilean-invariant gauge theory.

PMID- 9955766
TI  - Improved Hamiltonian variational technique for lattice models.

PMID- 9955767
TI  - Improved projector Monte Carlo study of string tension and roughening in lattice
      QED in three dimensions.

PMID- 9955768
TI  - Finite-temperature deconfinement and chiral-symmetry restoration at strong
      coupling.

PMID- 9955769
TI  - Nonperturbative effects in equilibrium finite-temperature scalar field theory.

PMID- 9955770
TI  - Locally supersymmetric SU(6) grand unified theory without fine-tuning and strong
      CP problems.

PMID- 9955771
TI  - Preon dynamics and the supersymmetric extension of local current algebra.

PMID- 9955772
TI  - Color confinement and the quantum-chromodynamic vacuum. II. Gluon propagation and
      the Coulomb interaction.

PMID- 9955773
TI  - Contribution of light quarks to the deconfinement transition in QCD.

PMID- 9955774
TI  - Odd-soliton solutions of the Einstein equations in a vacuum.

PMID- 9955775
TI  - Higher-dimensional extensions of Bianchi type-I cosmologies.

PMID- 9955776
TI  - Limitations of constraint dynamics.

PMID- 9955777
TI  - General calculation of the N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills self-energy in an
      effective light-cone gauge formalism.

PMID- 9955778
TI  - Nonlinear motion of a classical string: The Nambu string.

PMID- 9955779
TI  - Solitary waves in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Lagrangian.

PMID- 9955781
TI  - High-density behavior in supersymmetry.

PMID- 9955780
TI  - Mean-plaquette analysis of the SU(3) lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9955782
TI  - Asymptotic behavior of quark masses induced by instantons.

PMID- 9955783
TI  - Erratum: Finite-temperature and supercharged ideal supersymmetric matter

PMID- 9955784
TI  - New form for the coincidence limit of the Feynman propagator, or heat kernel, in
      curved spacetime.

PMID- 9955785
TI  - Production of the K-bar

PMID- 9955787
TI  - Rapidity and charge correlations of centrally produced charged particles in
      events with a high-momentum pi 0 near 11 degrees.

PMID- 9955786
TI  - Transverse-spin dependence of the p-p total cross section Delta sigma T from 0.8
      to 2.5 GeV/c.

PMID- 9955788
TI  - Measurement of the dijet cross section in 400-GeV/c pp interactions.

PMID- 9955790
TI  - Change of confinement scale in nuclei: Predictions for structure functions
      confront electroproduction data.

PMID- 9955789
TI  - Study of Bose-Einstein correlations in e+e- annihilation at 29 GeV.

PMID- 9955792
TI  - QCD scaling violations for spin-dependent structure functions.

PMID- 9955791
TI  - Variations of the confinement scale for quarks in nuclei.

PMID- 9955794
TI  - S-wave meson-nucleon scattering in an SU(3) cloudy bag model.

PMID- 9955793
TI  - Triple hadronic-energy correlations in high-energy e-e+ annihilation.

PMID- 9955795
TI  - Geometrical scaling in high-energy hadron collisions.

PMID- 9955796
TI  - Quarkonium production at pp-bar colliders.

PMID- 9955797
TI  - Phenomenological Lagrangian for nonleptonic charmed-meson decays.

PMID- 9955799
TI  - Fits to the hadron masses in the chiral bag model.

PMID- 9955798
TI  - Calculation of exclusive decay modes of the tau.

PMID- 9955800
TI  - Confined Coulombic model for heavy-light-quark systems.

PMID- 9955801
TI  - Characteristic size for the neutrino.

PMID- 9955802
TI  - Anomalous magnetic moment of light quarks and dynamical symmetry breaking.

PMID- 9955803
TI  - Chiral Lagrangian of pseudoscalars and vectors.

PMID- 9955804
TI  - Periodic Skyrme solitons.

PMID- 9955806
TI  - Supersymmetric unified compositeness and the quark-lepton generation structure.

PMID- 9955805
TI  - Chiral fermions beyond the standard model.

PMID- 9955807
TI  - Charge distributions of hadrons associated with hadronic J/ psi production.

PMID- 9955809
TI  - Flavor-changing decays of the Z0 and supersymmetry.

PMID- 9955808
TI  - Crossing versus noncrossing quark-line diagrams in p-barp-->two mesons.

PMID- 9955811
TI  - Quintet baryon model for hadron interactions.

PMID- 9955810
TI  - Fixing the Higgs-boson mass.

PMID- 9955812
TI  - Resonant-exchange mechanism: Limitations to its effectiveness.

PMID- 9955814
TI  - Rapidity signatures of phase transition in high-energy nucleus-nucleus
      collisions.

PMID- 9955813
TI  - Parity nonconservation in proton-water scattering at 1.5 GeV/c.

PMID- 9955815
TI  - F-meson production rate in bottom-meson decays.

PMID- 9955816
TI  - Is there another set of left-handed W and Z bosons?

PMID- 9955817
TI  - Quantum cosmology with a positive-definite action.

PMID- 9955818
TI  - Cosmologies with quasiregular singularities. I. Spacetimes and test waves.

PMID- 9955819
TI  - Cosmologies with quasiregular singularities. II. Stability considerations.

PMID- 9955820
TI  - Cosmology with decaying particles.

PMID- 9955821
TI  - Realization of new inflation.

PMID- 9955822
TI  - Global-symmetry evolution in axion cosmologies.

PMID- 9955823
TI  - Test-particle motion in Einstein's unified field theory. I. General theory and
      application to neutral test particles.

PMID- 9955824
TI  - Test-particle motion in Einstein's unified field theory. II. Charged test
      particles.

PMID- 9955825
TI  - Maximally slicing a black hole with minimal distortion.

PMID- 9955827
TI  - Gravitation without black holes.

PMID- 9955826
TI  - Stimulated emission and black holes.

PMID- 9955829
TI  - Gravitational versus finite-temperature effects in SU(5) symmetry breaking.

PMID- 9955828
TI  - Four forces and spinor connection in general relativity.

PMID- 9955831
TI  - Fractional fermion number in Kaluza-Klein theories.

PMID- 9955830
TI  - Field-theoretical model for nuclear and neutron matter. I. Equation of state.

PMID- 9955832
TI  - Matrix general relativity and Yang-Mills theory.

PMID- 9955834
TI  - Quantum mechanics as a classical theory.

PMID- 9955833
TI  - Forced harmonic oscillator with damping and thermal effects.

PMID- 9955835
TI  - Functional-integral approach to Parisi-Wu stochastic quantization: Abelian gauge
      theory.

PMID- 9955836
TI  - Canonical formalism on a null surface: The scalar and the electromagnetic fields.

PMID- 9955838
TI  - lambda phi4 theory in the nonrelativistic limit.

PMID- 9955837
TI  - Boundary effects and the massless limit of the photon.

PMID- 9955839
TI  - Chiral anomalies and zeta-function regularization.

PMID- 9955840
TI  - Covariant generalization of the Zitterbewegung of the electron and its SO(4,2)
      and SO(3,2) internal algebras.

PMID- 9955841
TI  - Self-consistent phases in topological particle theory.

PMID- 9955842
TI  - Derivation of discrete invariances (T,C, and P) and the connection between spin
      and statistics in topological particle theory.

PMID- 9955843
TI  - Percolation temperature and the "instability" of the effective potential.

PMID- 9955845
TI  - Strong CP problem and flat potential.

PMID- 9955844
TI  - Probing kink interactions with fermions.

PMID- 9955846
TI  - Axial anomaly in three dimensions and planar fermions.

PMID- 9955847
TI  - Dimensional phase transitions: Coupling of matter to the cell complex.

PMID- 9955848
TI  - Hamiltonian Monte Carlo calculation in two-dimensional SU(2) QCD with fermions.

PMID- 9955849
TI  - Chiral-symmetry restoration transition in the presence of dynamical quarks.

PMID- 9955850
TI  - Gaussian corrections around the mean-field approximation for the mixed SU(2)
      lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9955851
TI  - Renormalization flow of SU(3) lattice gauge actions.

PMID- 9955852
TI  - Using maximally symmetric lattices to improve scaling and Lorentz invariance in
      the O(3) nonlinear sigma model.

PMID- 9955853
TI  - Levinson theorem for Dirac particles.

PMID- 9955855
TI  - Physical conceptualization of the gravitational vacuum field equations.

PMID- 9955854
TI  - Quadratic Lagrangian for general relativity theory.

PMID- 9955856
TI  - Note on Kaluza-Klein theories.

PMID- 9955857
TI  - Free energy in thermo field dynamics.

PMID- 9955858
TI  - Fractional fermion number and its thermal effect.

PMID- 9955859
TI  - Path-integral solution for a two-dimensional model with axial-vector-current
      pseudoscalar derivative interaction.

PMID- 9955860
TI  - Loop equations and constraints in two-dimensional QCD.

PMID- 9955861
TI  - Chiral anomaly in the Schwinger-Symanzik formalism.

PMID- 9955862
TI  - Gluon propagator and transverse vertices.

PMID- 9955863
TI  - Topological invariance of the Witten index and related quantities.

PMID- 9955864
TI  - Are there higher topological obstructions relevant to unified theories?

PMID- 9955865
TI  - Lattice thermodynamics for gauge theories.

PMID- 9955866
TI  - U(1) lattice-gauge-Higgs theory with radial degrees of freedom.

PMID- 9955867
TI  - Multiple-time observables in quantum theory.

PMID- 9955868
TI  - Reply to the comment of Cohen and Peres.

PMID- 9955869
TI  - Erratum: Mass-derivative formula and the singularity structure in thermo field
      dynamics

PMID- 9955870
TI  - Dynamical quark mass at finite temperature.

PMID- 9955871
TI  - Precision measurement of the total cross section for e+e--->hadrons at a center
      of-mass energy of 29 GeV.

PMID- 9955873
TI  - Valons in mesons.

PMID- 9955872
TI  - Primary-cosmic-ray energy spectrum up to 50 TeV derived from sea-level muon
      measurements.

PMID- 9955874
TI  - Production of composite neutral Higgs bosons in photoproduction and e+e-
      experiments.

PMID- 9955875
TI  - Amplitude description of elastic pp scattering at 800 MeV.

PMID- 9955876
TI  - Search for supersymmetric particles in hadron-hadron collisions.

PMID- 9955877
TI  - Asymmetry effects of supersymmetric QCD in dilepton production.

PMID- 9955878
TI  - Proton decay and Higgs particles in SU(5).

PMID- 9955879
TI  - Simple dynamical hadron mass-spectrum calculations incorporating hadronic
      channels arising from qq-bar creation.

PMID- 9955880
TI  - Static properties of the nucleon octet in a relativistic potential model with
      center-of-mass correction.

PMID- 9955881
TI  - Supersymmetric electromagnetic moments and radiation zeros.

PMID- 9955882
TI  - Consequences of the improved Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix for mixing and CP
      nonconservation in K0-K-bar 0 and B0-B-bar 0 systems.

PMID- 9955883
TI  - Constraints on the mixing of a fourth family of quarks.

PMID- 9955884
TI  - Breaking of isospin symmetry in theories with a dynamical Higgs mechanism.

PMID- 9955885
TI  - Linearly rising Regge trajectories and bag and string models for hadrons.

PMID- 9955886
TI  - Hadron structure in a simple model of quark/nuclear matter.

PMID- 9955887
TI  - Center-of-mass corrections and fermions consisting of confined quarks.

PMID- 9955888
TI  - Intermediate mass scales in the new SO(10) grand unification in the one-loop
      approximation.

PMID- 9955890
TI  - Composite invisible axion.

PMID- 9955889
TI  - Experimental tests of new SO(10) grand unification.

PMID- 9955891
TI  - Production of gluinos in gamma gamma collisions.

PMID- 9955893
TI  - gamma p-->F+F-p reaction as a possible test for 0(++) glueball state.

PMID- 9955892
TI  - Polarized e+e- collisions as a tool to reveal supersymmetric particles.

PMID- 9955895
TI  - W gamma production in pp collisions and the magnetic moment of the W boson.

PMID- 9955894
TI  - Verification of NN( 3P0) structure predicted by isobar coupling.

PMID- 9955897
TI  - Analysis of the decay psi -->vector

PMID- 9955896
TI  - Remark on an SU(3)f-violating decay of the psi.

PMID- 9955898
TI  - Primary electron spectrum in semileptonic B decays.

PMID- 9955900
TI  - t-quarkonium predictions from an interquark potential with relativistic
      corrections.

PMID- 9955899
TI  - Testing the single-quark radiation hypothesis.

PMID- 9955901
TI  - Finite-size effects on bag thermodynamics.

PMID- 9955902
TI  - Scaling in lattice QCD with Kogut-Susskind fermions.

PMID- 9955903
TI  - Origin of structure in the Universe.

PMID- 9955904
TI  - Large-scale energy-density perturbations and inflation.

PMID- 9955905
TI  - Quantum mechanics of inflation.

PMID- 9955906
TI  - Physical approach to cosmological homogeneity.

PMID- 9955907
TI  - Anisotropy and cosmic nucleosynthesis of light isotopes including 7Li.

PMID- 9955908
TI  - Laws of motion and precession for black holes and other bodies.

PMID- 9955909
TI  - Inhomogeneous electromagnetic gravitational collapse.

PMID- 9955911
TI  - Charged spin fluid in the Einstein-Cartan theory.

PMID- 9955910
TI  - Bargmann structures and Newton-Cartan theory.

PMID- 9955912
TI  - Gravitational models of a Lorentz extended electron.

PMID- 9955913
TI  - Adiabatic exponents and equations of state for neutron-star matter.

PMID- 9955914
TI  - Glory scattering by black holes.

PMID- 9955916
TI  - Stability of Englert-type solutions on Npqr spaces in d=11 supergravity.

PMID- 9955915
TI  - Space-time: Arena or illusion?

PMID- 9955917
TI  - Time variation of coupling constants in Kaluza-Klein cosmologies.

PMID- 9955918
TI  - Stability of ten-dimensional Kaluza-Klein supergravity.

PMID- 9955919
TI  - Magnetic monopoles from antisymmetric tensor gauge fields.

PMID- 9955920
TI  - Monopole annihilation and causality.

PMID- 9955921
TI  - Restoration of spontaneously broken continuous symmetries in de Sitter spacetime.

PMID- 9955923
TI  - 1/c expansion of a separable model of direct-interaction type.

PMID- 9955922
TI  - Statistical mechanics in a covariant gauge.

PMID- 9955925
TI  - Properties of a classical charged harmonic oscillator accelerated through
      classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation.

PMID- 9955924
TI  - Matter and radiation in equilibrium.

PMID- 9955926
TI  - Path-wise stochastic calculus of variations with the classical action and quantum
      systems.

PMID- 9955927
TI  - Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff relations and unitarity of SU(2) and SU(1,1) squeeze
      operators.

PMID- 9955928
TI  - Super lattices and gauge theory.

PMID- 9955929
TI  - Axial anomaly and the ac Josephson effect in (1+1)-dimensional models.

PMID- 9955930
TI  - Yang-Mills theories in the light-cone gauge.

PMID- 9955931
TI  - Explicit Hamiltonian for SU(2) lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9955932
TI  - Interactions between quark clusters in lattice QCD.

PMID- 9955933
TI  - Abelian and non-Abelian bosonization in the path-integral framework.

PMID- 9955934
TI  - Memory-function approach to retardation effects in the relativistic two-body
      problem.

PMID- 9955936
TI  - Fractional charge and spectral asymmetry in one dimension: A closer look.

PMID- 9955935
TI  - Zitterbewegung of the electron in external fields.

PMID- 9955937
TI  - Radiative corrections in supersymmetric gauge theories.

PMID- 9955938
TI  - Hadronic contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.

PMID- 9955939
TI  - Differential cross section of electron-positron bremsstrahlung.

PMID- 9955940
TI  - Repulsive gravitation and electron models.

PMID- 9955941
TI  - Homogeneous, nonsingular, closed Einstein-Cartan cosmological model.

PMID- 9955942
TI  - Rotational anomalies without anyons.

PMID- 9955943
TI  - Radiatively induced topological mass terms in (2+1)-dimensional gauge theories.

PMID- 9955945
TI  - Gauge covariance of the effective potential.

PMID- 9955944
TI  - Explicit decoupling gauge condition.

PMID- 9955946
TI  - New Lagrangian formalism for the bag.

PMID- 9955947
TI  - Nonperturbative analysis of leading logarithms in three-dimensional QED.

PMID- 9955948
TI  - Thermal production of superheavy magnetic monopoles in the new inflationary
      universe scenario.

PMID- 9955951
TI  - Sensing-area distribution functions for one- and three-loop superconductive
      magnetic-monopole detectors.

PMID- 9955952
TI  - Exotic processes in high-energy e-p collisions.

PMID- 9955950
TI  - Limits on deeply penetrating particles in the >10(17) eV cosmic-ray flux.

PMID- 9955949
TI  - Inclusive hadron production in upsilon decays and in nonresonant electron
      positron annihilation at 10.49 GeV.

PMID- 9955953
TI  - Long-range effects in the weak parity-violating pion-nucleon coupling.

PMID- 9955954
TI  - K+-proton partial-wave analysis to 3 GeV/c.

PMID- 9955956
TI  - Diffraction dissociation and the Chou-Yang model.

PMID- 9955955
TI  - KN scattering in the cloudy bag model: s, p, and d waves.

PMID- 9955957
TI  - Kl3+ decays involving finite neutrino mass and mass mixing.

PMID- 9955958
TI  - Long- and short-distance contributions to kaon decays.

PMID- 9955959
TI  - SU(3) breaking in K-->K gamma from QCD sum rules.

PMID- 9955960
TI  - Hadron-hadron interaction in a string-flip model of quark confinement. I. Meson
      meson interaction.

PMID- 9955961
TI  - Majorana neutrino masses and lepton mixing angles in the perturbative and
      semiempirical approach.

PMID- 9955962
TI  - Numerical solutions to an extended chiral bag model.

PMID- 9955963
TI  - Quantum relativistic oscillator. Modifying the Hamiltonian formalism of the
      relativistic string.

PMID- 9955965
TI  - Monopole-induced baryon-number violation in "realistic" grand unified theories.

PMID- 9955964
TI  - Symmetry breaking in SO(10): Higgs-boson structure.

PMID- 9955966
TI  - Dynamical symmetry breaking and composite model for leptons, quarks, and Higgs
      mesons.

PMID- 9955968
TI  - Implications for logarithmic-singularity contribution to e+e---> pi + pi - gamma
      reaction at Q2=0.9 GeV2 from bremsstrahlung background.

PMID- 9955967
TI  - New results on the reaction e+e---> micro+ micro- at sqrt s =29 GeV.

PMID- 9955969
TI  - Striking pattern of a strong-interaction reaction.

PMID- 9955970
TI  - Two-body decays of K mesons in a microscopic framework.

PMID- 9955972
TI  - Excited Z0 bosons and the anomalous CERN events.

PMID- 9955971
TI  - Radiative decay of heavy Higgs bosons.

PMID- 9955974
TI  - High-spin mesons in the quark model.

PMID- 9955973
TI  - Comparison of beam-dump and vector-boson-decay production of new neutral heavy
      leptons.

PMID- 9955975
TI  - Interesting four-quark states besides xi (2220).

PMID- 9955976
TI  - Symmetrical parametrization of the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix.

PMID- 9955977
TI  - Bound on the horizontal coupling from a deviation from universality.

PMID- 9955978
TI  - Erratum: Ratio of lifetimes for the D+ and D0 mesons

PMID- 9955980
TI  - Limits on excited spin-3/2 leptons.

PMID- 9955981
TI  - Charged-hyperon production by 400-GeV protons.

PMID- 9955979
TI  - Observation of the decay B-bar 0-->D

PMID- 9955982
TI  - Negative-kaon and antiproton production near 700 MeV/c by 28.4-GeV/c protons.

PMID- 9955983
TI  - Measurement of the reaction pi +n

PMID- 9955984
TI  - Energy distribution of leptons from e+e--->W+W-

PMID- 9955985
TI  - Looking for weak-boson compositeness via form factors.

PMID- 9955987
TI  - Systematics of pi N scattering in chiral soliton models.

PMID- 9955986
TI  - Intermediate-mass Higgs-boson production in polarized e+e- colliders.

PMID- 9955988
TI  - Amplitudes of the two-nucleon interaction at 579 MeV.

PMID- 9955990
TI  - Nonstandard Higgs bosons as a source of monojets.

PMID- 9955989
TI  - Testing spinless-boson-parent models for anomalous l+l- gamma events.

PMID- 9955992
TI  - Nucleon-nucleus reactions at ultrarelativistic energies.

PMID- 9955991
TI  - Triple-Regge phenomenology. A new approach.

PMID- 9955993
TI  - Stability of detonation fronts leading to quark-gluon plasma.

PMID- 9955994
TI  - Another mode of decay of M micro pi (0.429).

PMID- 9955995
TI  - Possibility of searching for Higgs boson in t-quarkonium decays.

PMID- 9955996
TI  - Lorentz noninvariance and the Eotvos experiments.

PMID- 9955997
TI  - Gauge invariance of the KL-KS mass difference in left-right-symmetric models.

PMID- 9955998
TI  - Gauge-invariant calculation of the KL-KS mass difference in the left-right model.

PMID- 9955999
TI  - Mesons in a relativized quark model with chromodynamics.

PMID- 9956000
TI  - Hyperfine splitting of quarkonium.

PMID- 9956001
TI  - Mixing of tt-bar bound states with the Z boson.

PMID- 9956002
TI  - Magnetic moments of heavy quarks and leptons.

PMID- 9956003
TI  - Neutrino mass matrix.

PMID- 9956004
TI  - Anomalous, chiral Lagrangians of pseudoscalar, vector, and axial-vector mesons
      generated from quark loops.

PMID- 9956005
TI  - Conjecture concerning the modes of excitation of the quark-gluon plasma.

PMID- 9956007
TI  - Nonrenormalization of phases, softly broken Peccei-Quinn symmetry, and strong-CP
      problem.

PMID- 9956006
TI  - Unique chiral three-preon model of quarks and leptons.

PMID- 9956008
TI  - Searching for scalar-quarkonium at proton-antiproton colliders.

PMID- 9956009
TI  - Interpreting p-p polarization at high energies.

PMID- 9956010
TI  - Lepton-flavor-violating decays of Z0 and tau.

PMID- 9956011
TI  - In search of Q2Q-bar2 mesons in J/ psi radiative decays.

PMID- 9956013
TI  - Electric dipole moment of the deuteron.

PMID- 9956012
TI  - Tensor particles A2(1320), f(1270), and f'(1525) and the decay rate of K1-->
      gamma gamma.

PMID- 9956014
TI  - Charge-commutation-relation approach to composite vector bosons in SU(2)L/rU(1)Y.
      The case with W and Z.

PMID- 9956016
TI  - Mixing of a heavy neutrino with the electron neutrino.

PMID- 9956015
TI  - Can supersymmetry particles fake the top-quark signal?

PMID- 9956017
TI  - Path-integral quantum cosmology. I. Vacuum Bianchi type I.

PMID- 9956018
TI  - Path-integral quantum cosmology. II. Bianchi type I with volume-dependent source.

PMID- 9956020
TI  - Will entropy decrease if the Universe recollapses?

PMID- 9956019
TI  - Arrow of time in cosmology.

PMID- 9956021
TI  - Wave packet in quantum cosmology.

PMID- 9956022
TI  - Classical and quantum cosmology of the Starobinsky inflationary model.

PMID- 9956023
TI  - Expansion isotropization during the inflationary era.

PMID- 9956024
TI  - Quantum effect on Kaluza-Klein cosmologies: High-temperature case.

PMID- 9956025
TI  - Functional measure in Kaluza-Klein theories.

PMID- 9956027
TI  - Gravitational radiation and the validity of the far-zone quadrupole formula in
      the Newtonian limit of general relativity.

PMID- 9956026
TI  - Stationary axisymmetric post-Minkowskian metrics.

PMID- 9956028
TI  - Point-particle limit and the far-zone quadrupole formula in general relativity.

PMID- 9956029
TI  - Parametrized-post-Newtonian limit of the scalar-tetradic theory A.

PMID- 9956031
TI  - Monopole abundance in the Solar System and the intrinsic heat in the Jovian
      planets.

PMID- 9956030
TI  - Gravitational counterterms and Becchi-Rouet-Stora symmetry.

PMID- 9956032
TI  - Symmetry breaking via compensators in an N=1 supergravity theory.

PMID- 9956033
TI  - Alternative extension of supersymmetry.

PMID- 9956034
TI  - Gauge-invariant statistical mechanics and average action principle for the Klein
      Gordon particle in geometric quantum mechanics.

PMID- 9956036
TI  - Supersymmetry and the relationship between the Coulomb and oscillator problems in
      arbitrary dimensions.

PMID- 9956035
TI  - Quantum-mechanical evolution of generalized coherent states and semiclassical
      approximation.

PMID- 9956037
TI  - Classical paths for a dissipative quantum system.

PMID- 9956038
TI  - Determination of binding energy in field theory using a basis wave-functional
      expansion.

PMID- 9956040
TI  - Quantum field theory on discrete space-time. II.

PMID- 9956039
TI  - Functional approach to derivative expansion of the effective Lagrangian.

PMID- 9956041
TI  - Solution of the light-cone equation for the relativistic bound state.

PMID- 9956043
TI  - Single-surface basis for topological particle theory.

PMID- 9956042
TI  - Conformal invariance and gauge fixing in QED.

PMID- 9956045
TI  - Ambiguity structure of the full VVA-triangle graph in 4 and n dimensions.

PMID- 9956044
TI  - Phases of higher-order terms in the topological expansion.

PMID- 9956046
TI  - Conformal invariance and string theory in compact space: Bosons.

PMID- 9956047
TI  - Gauge-boson composites.

PMID- 9956048
TI  - Variational method for field theories on the lattice and the spectrum of the phi4
      theory in 1+1 dimensions.

PMID- 9956049
TI  - Langevin simulations of lattice field theories.

PMID- 9956050
TI  - Self-consistent field approximation for string tension in SU(2) lattice gauge
      theory.

PMID- 9956051
TI  - Microcanonical formulation of lattice gauge theories with fermions.

PMID- 9956053
TI  - Renormalization flow on a lattice and deconfinement.

PMID- 9956052
TI  - Properties of phase transitions of the lattice SU(2) Higgs model.

PMID- 9956054
TI  - Gauge fixing the SU(N) lattice-gauge-field Hamiltonian.

PMID- 9956055
TI  - Prolongation structure, Lie-Backlund vector fields, and conservation laws for
      Yang-Mills theory in two dimensions.

PMID- 9956057
TI  - Thermodynamics of two-dimensional QCD in the large-N limit.

PMID- 9956056
TI  - Variational approach to (2+1)-dimensional QED.

PMID- 9956058
TI  - Dynamical hadronization transition and hydrodynamical stability.

PMID- 9956059
TI  - Cosmological constraints on heavy unstable particles.

PMID- 9956060
TI  - Quantum relativistic oscillator. III. Contraction between the algebras of SO(3,2)
      and the three-dimensional harmonic oscillator.

PMID- 9956062
TI  - Relation between global and U1 anomalies.

PMID- 9956061
TI  - Thermal averages in covariant gauges.

PMID- 9956064
TI  - Bifurcation of the type-II solutions of the Yang-Mills equations with static
      sources.

PMID- 9956063
TI  - Adiabatic expansion and higher-order corrections for induced currents.

PMID- 9956066
TI  - Anomalous interactions for the supersymmetric nonlinear sigma model in two
      dimensions.

PMID- 9956065
TI  - Semiclassical approach to Dirac operators in external gauge fields corresponding
      to supersymmetric quantum systems.

PMID- 9956067
TI  - Erratum: Forced harmonic oscillator with damping and thermal effects

PMID- 9956068
TI  - Searches for unstable neutral leptons in low-multiplicity events from electron
      positron annihilation.

PMID- 9956070
TI  - J/ psi decays into a vector and a pseudoscalar meson and the quark content of the
      eta and eta '

PMID- 9956069
TI  - Inclusive photoproduction of strange baryons at 20 GeV.

PMID- 9956072
TI  - Measurement of D0 lifetime in e+e- annihilation at high energy.

PMID- 9956073
TI  - Study of the radiative decay K+--> micro+ nu gamma.

PMID- 9956071
TI  - Measurement of the decay Upsilon (2S)--> pi pi Upsilon (1S).

PMID- 9956074
TI  - Final polarizations in quasielastic neutrino-nucleon scattering.

PMID- 9956075
TI  - Supersymmetric effects in polarized-e*-p scattering.

PMID- 9956076
TI  - Koba-Nielsen-Olesen-scaling violations in the dual parton model.

PMID- 9956077
TI  - QCD background for the UA1 W-->tb-bar signal.

PMID- 9956078
TI  - Jets in W and Z production from QCD showers.

PMID- 9956079
TI  - Pre-equilibrium emission of lepton pairs from oscillating quark-antiquark plasma.

PMID- 9956080
TI  - Model-independent analysis of hadronic decays of J/ psi and eta c(2980).

PMID- 9956081
TI  - Scalar mesons and the decay of the iota: A paradox explained.

PMID- 9956082
TI  - Matter-antimatter oscillations and proton decay in E6.

PMID- 9956083
TI  - Exclusive heavy-meson production in Z0 decay.

PMID- 9956084
TI  - Detection rates for "invisible"-axion searches.

PMID- 9956085
TI  - New observable phases in a supersymmetric extension of the standard model.

PMID- 9956086
TI  - Baryon self-energy due to the pion-quark interaction.

PMID- 9956087
TI  - Restrictions on two-Higgs-doublet models from heavy-quark systems.

PMID- 9956088
TI  - Symmetry-breaking patterns in left-right-symmetric models: How to ensure natural
      flavor conservation and a soft CP violation.

PMID- 9956089
TI  - Internal states in the pion static model.

PMID- 9956090
TI  - Generation of grand unification hierarchies due to supergravity.

PMID- 9956092
TI  - Photoproduction of a neutrino pair from an electron and astrophysical
      implications of neutrino-emission processes.

PMID- 9956091
TI  - Another look at Z-->ll-bar gamma decay.

PMID- 9956093
TI  - b-barbx and W--> nu tau backgrounds for the UA1 monojet signal.

PMID- 9956094
TI  - How to describe weak-interaction mixing and maximal CP violation?

PMID- 9956096
TI  - Derivation of mass relations for composite W and Z from effective-Lagrangian
      approach.

PMID- 9956095
TI  - On parametrizing the N-generation quark mixing matrix.

PMID- 9956097
TI  - Measurement of the analyzing power for p+p

PMID- 9956098
TI  - Stellar energy loss through scalar-neutrino production.

PMID- 9956100
TI  - Bianchi type-I model with cosmological constant in a generalized scalar-tensor
      theory of gravitation.

PMID- 9956099
TI  - Experimental tests of the gravitational inverse-square law for mass separations
      from 2 to 105 cm.

PMID- 9956102
TI  - Aspects of quasi-Riemannian Kaluza-Klein theory.

PMID- 9956101
TI  - General numerical solution of cylindrical gravitational waves.

PMID- 9956103
TI  - Three-dimensional closed universes without collapse in a five-dimensional Kaluza
      Klein theory.

PMID- 9956104
TI  - Quantum particle production in an expanding universe and Kaluza-Klein theories.

PMID- 9956105
TI  - Godel cosmology in Riemann-Cartan spacetime with spin density.

PMID- 9956106
TI  - Regular reduction of relativistic theories of gravitation with a quadratic
      Lagrangian.

PMID- 9956107
TI  - Vacuum states in de Sitter space.

PMID- 9956108
TI  - Vacuum polarization of the electromagnetic field near a rotating black hole.

PMID- 9956109
TI  - Gravitational counterterms in an axial gauge.

PMID- 9956110
TI  - Goldstone bosons in string models of galaxy formation.

PMID- 9956111
TI  - "Isothermal" density perturbations in an axion-dominated inflationary universe.

PMID- 9956112
TI  - Supersymmetric formulation of gravity theories with nontrivial Lorentz
      connection.

PMID- 9956114
TI  - Stability analysis of Einstein/Maxwell-scalar system.

PMID- 9956113
TI  - Gauged seven-dimensional N=2 pure supergravity with two-form potential and its
      compactifications.

PMID- 9956115
TI  - Low-energy limit of strings.

PMID- 9956116
TI  - Analysis of a quantum measurement.

PMID- 9956118
TI  - Finite-dimensional approximation of time evolution operators: A nonperturbative
      approach to quantum field theories.

PMID- 9956117
TI  - Massless fields of arbitrary spin, uniformly accelerated frames, and the zero
      point energy.

PMID- 9956119
TI  - Constraints on Hamiltonian lattice formulations of field theories in an expanding
      universe.

PMID- 9956120
TI  - Periodic solutions of the mixed nonlinear Schrodinger equation.

PMID- 9956121
TI  - Gauge-invariant description of massive higher-spin particles by dimensional
      reduction.

PMID- 9956123
TI  - Is there a solution to the Rarita-Schwinger wave equation in the presence of an
      external electromagnetic field?

PMID- 9956122
TI  - Quadratic divergences in dimensional renormalization of 1/N expansions.

PMID- 9956124
TI  - Strings at finite temperature.

PMID- 9956125
TI  - Cosmological heavy-neutrino problem.

PMID- 9956126
TI  - Vacuum charge: Another study in 1+1 dimensions.

PMID- 9956127
TI  - Asymptotic scaling in Hamiltonian calculations of the O(3) sigma model.

PMID- 9956128
TI  - Meson electric form factor on the lattice.

PMID- 9956130
TI  - Orthogonal and unitary matrices in arbitrary dimensions.

PMID- 9956129
TI  - Compact solitons, bags, and radial excitations.

PMID- 9956131
TI  - Anomalies, dimensional regularization, and the heat kernel.

PMID- 9956132
TI  - Minimum amount of inflation to solve the flatness and horizon problems.

PMID- 9956133
TI  - Brans-Dicke-type models with torsion.

PMID- 9956134
TI  - Isometries of homogeneous Godel-type spacetimes.

PMID- 9956135
TI  - Nonrelativistic potential scattering through the shifted large-dimension
      expansion.

PMID- 9956137
TI  - Statistical systems in higher dimensions.

PMID- 9956136
TI  - Generalized Klein-Gordon equations in d dimensions from supersymmetry.

PMID- 9956138
TI  - Monte Carlo study of the axial-gauge gluon propagators on the Polyakov-Wilson
      lattice.

PMID- 9956139
TI  - Expansion of single-link integrals around a saddle-point configuration.

PMID- 9956140
TI  - Comments on the Born approximation in Aharonov-Bohm Scattering.

PMID- 9956142
TI  - Massive generalization of the Weinberg potential for a free photon.

PMID- 9956141
TI  - A rule for the combinatoric factors of Feynman diagrams.

PMID- 9956144
TI  - Effect of the axion halo on bound electrons.

PMID- 9956143
TI  - Erratum: Two-body Dirac equation for semirelativistic quarks

PMID- 9956145
TI  - Dipole gravitational radiation in the nonsymmetric gravitational theory of
      Moffat.

PMID- 9956146
TI  - Experimental test of the law of gravitation.

PMID- 9956148
TI  - Several theorems about the interference of particle beams and the theoretical
      interpretation of Collela-Overhauser-Werner and Marton experiments.

PMID- 9956147
TI  - Continuous observations in quantum mechanics: An application to gravitational
      wave detectors.

PMID- 9956149
TI  - Stability of Schwarzschild black holes in fourth-order gravity.

PMID- 9956150
TI  - Mass spectrum of chiral ten-dimensional N=2 supergravity on S5.

PMID- 9956151
TI  - Generalized coherent states and generalized squeezed coherent states.

PMID- 9956153
TI  - Radiative corrections in grand unified theories based on N=1 supergravity. II.
      Gauge theories.

PMID- 9956152
TI  - Dynamics of gauge systems and Dirac's conjecture.

PMID- 9956154
TI  - Field theories in replica formalism and fixed points.

PMID- 9956155
TI  - Bose-Fermi correspondence and Kac-Moody algebras in four dimensions.

PMID- 9956156
TI  - Renormalization of Yang-Mills theory in the Abelian gauge.

PMID- 9956157
TI  - Natural gauge without any ghost for Yang-Mills theory.

PMID- 9956158
TI  - Dimensional reduction and theories with massive gauge fields.

PMID- 9956159
TI  - Gauging of Dirac-Kahler fermions on the cubic lattice.

PMID- 9956160
TI  - Effects of dynamical quark loops on Monte Carlo simulation in lattice gauge
      theory.

PMID- 9956162
TI  - Color confinement and the quantum-chromodynamic vacuum. III.

PMID- 9956161
TI  - Anomalies, Levinson's theorem, and fermion determinants.

PMID- 9956163
TI  - Abelian model for mesons.

PMID- 9956164
TI  - From Regge trajectories to a static sine-Gordon-type equation.

PMID- 9956166
TI  - Cosmological perturbations in a universe dominated by a coherent scalar field.

PMID- 9956165
TI  - Derivation of a formula in finite-temperature field theory.

PMID- 9956167
TI  - Gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect in three dimensions.

PMID- 9956168
TI  - Anomaly cancellations and compactifications in the SO(32) superstring theory.

PMID- 9956169
TI  - Topological degree for supersymmetric chiral models.

PMID- 9956170
TI  - Chiral Jacobians and two-dimensional QED at finite temperature.

PMID- 9956171
TI  - Derivation of the Lee-Yang term via stochastic quantization.

PMID- 9956172
TI  - Chemical potential on the lattice.

PMID- 9956173
TI  - New two-step approach to one-dimensional anharmonic oscillators.

PMID- 9956174
TI  - Opposite-sign dilepton production in nu micro interactions.

PMID- 9956176
TI  - Measurement of the rate for pion beta decay.

PMID- 9956175
TI  - Search for heavy long-lived particles in high-energy cosmic rays.

PMID- 9956178
TI  - Description of the energy dependence of proton-proton partial-wave amplitudes by
      means of O(4) expansions.

PMID- 9956179
TI  - Energy dependence of the valon-valon matter form factor.

PMID- 9956177
TI  - Decays of the J/ psi into two pseudoscalar mesons.

PMID- 9956180
TI  - Monte Carlo studies of high-transverse-energy hadronic interactions.

PMID- 9956181
TI  - Gluino contributions to high-transverse-momentum hadron production at very high
      energies.

PMID- 9956182
TI  - Psi production through three-gluon fusion.

PMID- 9956183
TI  - Nuclear stopping power at high energies.

PMID- 9956184
TI  - Thermalization of quarks and gluons in heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9956186
TI  - Some dynamical properties of the pion in pi +-->e+ nu gamma and pi +-->e+e+e- nu
      decays.

PMID- 9956185
TI  - Supersymmetric-particle production at pp-bar collider energies.

PMID- 9956188
TI  - Nonleptonic kaon decay.

PMID- 9956187
TI  - Calculation of the width of the decay psi '--> psi eta.

PMID- 9956190
TI  - Hyperon radiative decay.

PMID- 9956189
TI  - Fourth-generation charged leptons and neutrinos via Z0.

PMID- 9956191
TI  - Higgs-boson decays at the superconducting super collider.

PMID- 9956193
TI  - Lepton distributions from the decay of scalar-lepton pairs at e+e- colliders.

PMID- 9956192
TI  - Lepton distributions from the decay of W-tilde pairs at e+e- colliders.

PMID- 9956194
TI  - Apparatus-dependent contributions to g-2?

PMID- 9956195
TI  - Hadronic contributions to the g-2 of the muon.

PMID- 9956196
TI  - Study of light baryons in the three-quark-cluster model: Exact calculations.

PMID- 9956197
TI  - Bound states of heavy Q2Q-bar 2 systems.

PMID- 9956198
TI  - Couplings of low-lying glueballs to photons and to heavy quarks.

PMID- 9956200
TI  - Quark confinement in quantum chromodynamics.

PMID- 9956199
TI  - Exotic fermions.

PMID- 9956202
TI  - Quantum relativistic oscillator. II. Nonrelativistic limit and phenomenological
      justification.

PMID- 9956201
TI  - Helicity amplitudes and Regge behavior for simple planar hadron amplitudes.

PMID- 9956204
TI  - Cryogenic photon-mass experiment.

PMID- 9956205
TI  - Multijet events with missing transverse momentum from scalar-quark pair
      production at the CERN pp-bar collider.

PMID- 9956203
TI  - Improved upper limit on nu tau mass.

PMID- 9956207
TI  - Multipole moments of (composite) W's and the magnetic moment of the muon.

PMID- 9956206
TI  - D decays: Do theory and experiment agree?

PMID- 9956208
TI  - Mass of the H dibaryon in a chiral model.

PMID- 9956209
TI  - qq-bar pair creation: A field-theory approach.

PMID- 9956210
TI  - Comment on bag models with spontaneously broken color symmetry.

PMID- 9956211
TI  - Quantum chromodynamics with colored Higgs mechanism.

PMID- 9956212
TI  - Damping mechanisms for coherent oscillations of axions.

PMID- 9956214
TI  - Membrane viewpoint on black holes: Dynamical electromagnetic fields near the
      horizon.

PMID- 9956213
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the thermal damping of coherent axion oscillations.

PMID- 9956215
TI  - Three-dimensional conformal supergravity and Chern-Simons terms.

PMID- 9956216
TI  - Further investigations of the Kerr-de Sitter space.

PMID- 9956217
TI  - Classical limit of the Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy of isospectral
      transformations.

PMID- 9956218
TI  - Dirac equation in a six-dimensional spacetime: Temporal polarization for
      subluminal interactions.

PMID- 9956219
TI  - Classical spin and its quantization.

PMID- 9956220
TI  - Zero-point field in curved spaces.

PMID- 9956221
TI  - Radiation from initially static vacuum structures.

PMID- 9956222
TI  - Impossibility of supersymmetry restoration in quantum-mechanical systems.

PMID- 9956223
TI  - Temperature corrections in the case of derivative interactions.

PMID- 9956224
TI  - Color confinement, Becchi-Rouet-Stora symmetry, and negative dimensions.

PMID- 9956225
TI  - Factorization of soft and collinear divergences in QCD in the Feynman gauge via a
      background field gauge.

PMID- 9956226
TI  - Nonperturbative propagators in quantum chromodynamics.

PMID- 9956227
TI  - One-loop vacuum polarization in the nonlinear R xi gauge.

PMID- 9956228
TI  - Internal symmetries of non-Abelian gauge field configurations.

PMID- 9956229
TI  - New stochastic algorithm and its application to compact QED.

PMID- 9956230
TI  - Gauge Potts model with generalized action: A Monte Carlo analysis.

PMID- 9956231
TI  - Self-duality for eight-dimensional gauge theories.

PMID- 9956232
TI  - Manifestly covariant, Poincare-invariant quantum theories of directly interacting
      particles.

PMID- 9956233
TI  - Mean-plaquette approximation for lattice gauge theories at finite temperature.

PMID- 9956234
TI  - Path-integral derivation of the heat kernel on SU(N) space.

PMID- 9956235
TI  - Higher-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory with inflation.

PMID- 9956236
TI  - Does the return flux result in the Aharonov-Bohm scattering amplitude?

PMID- 9956237
TI  - Three-dimensional O(N) model with Fermi and scalar fields.

PMID- 9956238
TI  - Radiative corrections to the topological mass in (2+1)-dimensional
      electrodynamics.

PMID- 9956239
TI  - Invariants of self-adjoint rank-four SU(n) tensors.

PMID- 9956240
TI  - 1/N corrections in the matrix model and the quantum collective field.

PMID- 9956241
TI  - Dispersive derivation of the triangle anomaly.

PMID- 9956243
TI  - New type of two-photon squeezed coherent states.

PMID- 9956242
TI  - Remarks on scalar solitons and the virial constraint.

PMID- 9956244
TI  - Finite-temperature effects on the energy levels of hydrogenlike atoms.

PMID- 9956245
TI  - Comment on "How to make quantum mechanics look like a hidden-variable theory and
      vice versa"

PMID- 9956246
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'How to make quantum mechanics look like a hidden-variable
      theory and vice versa' "

PMID- 9956248
TI  - Topology of four-dimensional lattice gauge fields.

PMID- 9956247
TI  - Weak-coupling universality in SU(3) mixed actions: Theory versus high-statistics
      simulation.

PMID- 9956249
TI  - Study of D production in high-energy gamma p interactions.

PMID- 9956251
TI  - Nuclear effects in deep-inelastic lepton scattering.

PMID- 9956250
TI  - Triggered-bubble-chamber study of the reaction pi +p--> Delta ++ pi 0 pi 0 at 16
      GeV/c.

PMID- 9956252
TI  - Pion-nucleon partial-wave analysis to 1100 MeV.

PMID- 9956253
TI  - Estimates of hadronic production of DD-bar from dilepton mass spectrum in fusion
      model.

PMID- 9956254
TI  - Diagnosing quark matter by measuring the total entropy and the photon or dilepton
      emission rates.

PMID- 9956255
TI  - Single-electron/muon signature for heavy leptons and W gauginos at the CERN pp
      bar collider.

PMID- 9956256
TI  - Standard-model dimuon sources in pp-bar collisions.

PMID- 9956257
TI  - Direct photon production by positive- and negative-pion beams.

PMID- 9956259
TI  - Reanalysis of Higgs-boson-exchange models of CP violation.

PMID- 9956258
TI  - Production and detection of high-energy neutrinos from Cygnus X-3.

PMID- 9956261
TI  - Weak D-->K pi decays revisited.

PMID- 9956260
TI  - QCD corrections to the decay B--> psi X.

PMID- 9956262
TI  - Proton decay cannot be suppressed kinematically.

PMID- 9956263
TI  - Mass dependence of searches for fractional charge in matter using ion-beam
      techniques.

PMID- 9956264
TI  - Experimental consequences of a heavy neutral fermion.

PMID- 9956265
TI  - Coupling charmonium to the charmed-meson sector.

PMID- 9956266
TI  - Self-consistent meson coupling calculations.

PMID- 9956267
TI  - Fermion mass hierarchy as a consequence of the spontaneous breakdown of the four
      flavor symmetry.

PMID- 9956268
TI  - 1/N expansion (N=number of generations) and mass hierarchy of charged fermions in
      composite model for leptons, quarks, and Higgs mesons.

PMID- 9956269
TI  - Supersymmetry and electron + missing pT+ jet events.

PMID- 9956270
TI  - Distinguishing between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos in neutrino-electron
      scattering.

PMID- 9956271
TI  - Double-beta-decay suppression with three generations of Majorana neutrinos.

PMID- 9956272
TI  - Muons in gamma showers from Cygnus X-3?

PMID- 9956273
TI  - On a mechanism for small neutrino masses.

PMID- 9956274
TI  - Composite-W-boson couplings.

PMID- 9956275
TI  - Additional scalar bosons in SU(5) theories.

PMID- 9956276
TI  - Behavior of relativistic wave functions near the origin for a QCD potential.

PMID- 9956277
TI  - Erratum: Exotic processes in high-energy e-p collisions

PMID- 9956278
TI  - Direct photon production in e+e- collisions.

PMID- 9956279
TI  - On the electromagnetic properties of Majorana fermions.

PMID- 9956280
TI  - Evaporation of strange matter in the early Universe.

PMID- 9956281
TI  - Numerical analysis of inflation.

PMID- 9956282
TI  - Quantum cosmological model of the inflationary universe.

PMID- 9956283
TI  - Effects of quantum fields on singularities and particle horizons in the early
      universe. III. The conformally coupled massive scalar field.

PMID- 9956284
TI  - Power-law inflation.

PMID- 9956285
TI  - General relativistic strings.

PMID- 9956286
TI  - Cosmological compactification.

PMID- 9956287
TI  - Black-hole bubbles.

PMID- 9956288
TI  - Field equations and spontaneous compactification in quasi-Riemannian theories of
      gravity.

PMID- 9956289
TI  - Yang-Mills-Einstein supergravity in seven dimensions.

PMID- 9956290
TI  - Massive fluid spheres in general relativity.

PMID- 9956291
TI  - Curvature tensor for Kaluza-Klein theories with homogeneous fibers.

PMID- 9956292
TI  - Spin distributions for a spheroidal Cartan fluid.

PMID- 9956294
TI  - Stochastic formulations of the Maxwell field in the temporal gauge.

PMID- 9956293
TI  - Realistic physical origin of the quantum observable operator algebra in the frame
      of the causal stochastic interpretation of quantum mechanics: The relativistic
      spin-zero case.

PMID- 9956295
TI  - Gaussian effective potential. II. lambda phi4 field theory.

PMID- 9956296
TI  - Renormalization group and nonlocal terms in the curved-spacetime effective
      action: Weak-field results.

PMID- 9956297
TI  - Renormalization of the coupled cluster equations in three-dimensional phi4
      quantum field theory.

PMID- 9956298
TI  - Coupled cluster description of field theories: Procedures and their application
      to the vacuum sector in (1+1)-dimensional Phi 4 field theories.

PMID- 9956299
TI  - New canonical structures in Liouville theories and strings without tachyons in
      D<25.

PMID- 9956301
TI  - Dipole mechanism of spontaneous breaking of N=2 supersymmetry. II. Reformulation
      and generalization in harmonic superspace.

PMID- 9956300
TI  - Effect of the radiation component on soliton motion.

PMID- 9956303
TI  - Simple approach to tunneling using the method of finite elements.

PMID- 9956302
TI  - Discrete-time quantum mechanics.

PMID- 9956304
TI  - Analysis of spin and gauge models with variational methods.

PMID- 9956305
TI  - Fast algorithm for Monte Carlo simulations of systems with fermions.

PMID- 9956306
TI  - Dynamical structure of the quantum relativistic rotator and analogy to Rohrlich's
      version of the quantum relativistic string.

PMID- 9956307
TI  - One-potential quantum field theory of spinless charges and monopoles: General
      formalism and the infrared problem.

PMID- 9956308
TI  - Boson subalgebras and classification of boson state vectors.

PMID- 9956309
TI  - Evolution equation and relativistic bound-state wave functions for scalar-field
      models in four and six dimensions.

PMID- 9956311
TI  - Large-N gauge theory of loops and strings. I.

PMID- 9956310
TI  - Stable SU(5) monopoles with higher magnetic charge.

PMID- 9956312
TI  - Large-N gauge theory of loops and strings. II.

PMID- 9956313
TI  - Structure of axionic domain walls.

PMID- 9956314
TI  - Parameter counting for self-dual monopoles.

PMID- 9956315
TI  - Fermion-monopole system reexamined. III.

PMID- 9956316
TI  - Isotropization and homogenization of an anisotropic and inhomogeneous
      cosmological model during the inflationary era.

PMID- 9956317
TI  - New derivation of Lopez's source of the Kerr-Newman field.

PMID- 9956319
TI  - Erratum: Canonical quantization of supergravity

PMID- 9956318
TI  - Angular momentum and wave functions in monopole and related potentials.

PMID- 9956320
TI  - Erratum: Differential cross section of electron-positron bremsstrahlung

PMID- 9956322
TI  - Question of degenerate states in supersymmetric quantum mechanics.

PMID- 9956321
TI  - Kaluza-Klein mixmaster universes.

PMID- 9956323
TI  - Intranuclear cascade in nu microNe interactions.

PMID- 9956324
TI  - Measurements of triple- and double-spin parameters in elastic p-p scattering at 6
      GeV/c.

PMID- 9956325
TI  - Evidence for time and directional enhancements of multimuon cosmic-ray events.

PMID- 9956326
TI  - Higgs bosons from vector-boson fusion in e+e-, ep, and pp collisions.

PMID- 9956327
TI  - On the observability of B0-B-bar0 mixing in the e+e--->BB-barX reaction at sqrt s

PMID- 9956328
TI  - Excited fermions and low-energy parity-violating phenomena.

PMID- 9956329
TI  - Meson-exchange models for low-energy nucleon-antinucleon scattering.

PMID- 9956330
TI  - Nucleon-antinucleon annihilation via confined quark-gluon states.

PMID- 9956331
TI  - Quark-gluon model for diffraction at high energies.

PMID- 9956332
TI  - Geometrical model of multiparticle production in hadron-hadron collisions.

PMID- 9956333
TI  - Role of the QCD-induced gluon-gluon coupling to gauge-boson pairs in the multi
      TeV region.

PMID- 9956334
TI  - Transverse-momentum distribution of produced particles in ultrarelativistic
      nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9956335
TI  - Evidence for stabilized strange-quark matter in cosmic rays?

PMID- 9956336
TI  - K2 pi decays.

PMID- 9956337
TI  - Weak electric and magnetic form factors for semileptonic baryon decays in an
      independent-quark model.

PMID- 9956339
TI  - Mixtures of quarkonium and gluonium.

PMID- 9956340
TI  - Pseudoscalar electromagnetic vertex function: Quark-hadron duality.

PMID- 9956338
TI  - Nonleptonic decays of chiral solitons and a possible resolution of the S-wave/P
      wave puzzle.

PMID- 9956342
TI  - Muon capture in a general class of weak models.

PMID- 9956341
TI  - (V+A) components from the measured observables in muon capture.

PMID- 9956344
TI  - Constraints on the Higgs-boson masses in left-right electroweak gauge theories.

PMID- 9956343
TI  - Radiative annihilation of K-p atoms and the Lambda (1405).

PMID- 9956345
TI  - Extended strongly interacting Higgs theories.

PMID- 9956346
TI  - Renormalization of the axial-vector current in QCD.

PMID- 9956347
TI  - An effective Lagrangian for quantum chromodynamics: The structure of hadrons.

PMID- 9956348
TI  - Numerical solution of soliton bag models.

PMID- 9956349
TI  - Sudden change in the bulk properties of nucleon-antinucleon plasma at a certain
      temperature in the relativistic Hartree approximations.

PMID- 9956350
TI  - Dynamical axion.

PMID- 9956351
TI  - A rare decay of the D

PMID- 9956352
TI  - Elusive "penguin" mechanism for K decay.

PMID- 9956353
TI  - Rephasing invariant formulation of CP violation in the Kobayashi-Maskawa
      framework.

PMID- 9956354
TI  - Radiative decay of quarkonium into Higgs scalar.

PMID- 9956356
TI  - Erratum: Parity and signature determination by the V1V2 decay mode

PMID- 9956355
TI  - Center-of-mass correction and confinement radii of the composite vector bosons.

PMID- 9956358
TI  - Interior solutions for rotating fluid spheres.

PMID- 9956357
TI  - Majorana neutrinos and photinos from kaon decay.

PMID- 9956359
TI  - Absence of super-radiance of the Dirac particles in the Kerr-Newman geometry and
      the weak positive-energy condition.

PMID- 9956360
TI  - Relativistic radiation transport in dispersive media.

PMID- 9956361
TI  - Wigner transformation in curved space-time and the curvature correction of the
      Vlasov equation for semiclassical gravitating systems.

PMID- 9956363
TI  - Quantum mechanics of the scalar field in the new inflationary universe.

PMID- 9956362
TI  - Semiclassical wave function of the Universe at small three-geometries.

PMID- 9956365
TI  - Creation-field cosmology: A possible solution to singularity, horizon, and
      flatness problems.

PMID- 9956364
TI  - Stability of self-consistent higher-dimensional cosmological solutions.

PMID- 9956366
TI  - Entropy production due to gravitational-wave viscosity in a Kaluza-Klein
      inflationary universe.

PMID- 9956367
TI  - Quantum states and the Hadamard form. III. Constraints in cosmological space
      times.

PMID- 9956368
TI  - Scalar field theories in curved space.

PMID- 9956369
TI  - Superfield perturbation theory in harmonic superspace.

PMID- 9956370
TI  - Quantum measurements of finite duration.

PMID- 9956371
TI  - Multiple-time properties of quantum-mechanical systems.

PMID- 9956372
TI  - Pseudoclassical description of a relativistic spinning particle.

PMID- 9956373
TI  - Solving field theory in one space and one time dimension.

PMID- 9956374
TI  - Discretized light-cone quantization: Solution to a field theory in one space and
      one time dimension.

PMID- 9956375
TI  - Soliton sector of the ( phi4)2 quantum field theory in the Hartree approximation.

PMID- 9956377
TI  - Current-definition freedom in a derivative-coupling model.

PMID- 9956376
TI  - Equations of minimal manifolds.

PMID- 9956378
TI  - Gauge invariance for spin-3 fields.

PMID- 9956379
TI  - Charge of the vacuum in (1+1)-dimensional fermion theories with external fields.
      II. Zero energy gap.

PMID- 9956380
TI  - Quantum corrections to false vacuum decay in the Coleman-Weinberg potential.

PMID- 9956382
TI  - Monte Carlo study of the Abelian Higgs model.

PMID- 9956381
TI  - Quantum roll: A study of the long-time behavior of the finite-element method.

PMID- 9956384
TI  - Nonperturbative study of hadronization with heavy sources: The screening length
      as a function of the quark mass in the Schwinger model.

PMID- 9956383
TI  - Dirac field on a Minkowski lattice.

PMID- 9956386
TI  - Phase transition of a fermionic system in a gauge theory.

PMID- 9956385
TI  - Topologically massive chromodynamics in the perturbative regime.

PMID- 9956387
TI  - Heterotic string in an arbitrary background field.

PMID- 9956388
TI  - Fermion-monopole system reexamined. IV.

PMID- 9956389
TI  - Monopole and dyon supermultiplets.

PMID- 9956390
TI  - Hidden symmetries of gauge potentials in supersymmetric gauge theories.

PMID- 9956391
TI  - Mass splittings within composite Goldstone supermultiplets from broken
      supersymmetry.

PMID- 9956393
TI  - Two-loop finite-temperature effective potential for the Wess-Zumino model.

PMID- 9956392
TI  - Possibility of unified preon models with supersymmetry.

PMID- 9956395
TI  - Trouble with boson loops in Skyrmion physics.

PMID- 9956396
TI  - Levinson's theorem for Dirac particles moving in a background magnetic monopole
      field.

PMID- 9956394
TI  - Study of a three-dimensional quantum-mechanical supersymmetric model with nucleon
      nucleon-type interaction.

PMID- 9956398
TI  - Constraints on hadronic current operators in relativistic quantum-mechanical
      models.

PMID- 9956397
TI  - Levinson's theorem for Dirac particles with a long-range potential.

PMID- 9956399
TI  - Perturbation calculations for infrared-divergent problems.

PMID- 9956400
TI  - Equivalence of the Schwinger model to a scalar-field gauge theory.

PMID- 9956401
TI  - Spectral flow in a (1+1)-dimensional model.

PMID- 9956402
TI  - Rotating the Skyrme soliton.

PMID- 9956403
TI  - Phase transitions and topological excitations in hypergauge theories.

PMID- 9956404
TI  - Comments on rotational perturbations of Friedmann models.

PMID- 9956405
TI  - Regularization prescriptions and the axial model.

PMID- 9956406
TI  - Finite-temperature deconfinement transition in (2+1)-dimensional Z3 gauge theory.

PMID- 9956407
TI  - Analysis of inclusive KK-bar pi from 11-GeV/c K-p interactions.

PMID- 9956408
TI  - Inclusive production of multistrange hyperons from 11-GeV/c K-p interactions.

PMID- 9956411
TI  - Resolving QCD jets beyond leading order: Gluon-decay probabilities.

PMID- 9956410
TI  - Bose-Einstein correlations in e+e- annihilations in the Upsilon region.

PMID- 9956409
TI  - Test of s-channel helicity conservation in inelastic rho 0 diffraction in 20-GeV
      photoproduction.

PMID- 9956412
TI  - Spin analysis of 0+1-->0+1 and its application to pi +d--> pi +d data.

PMID- 9956413
TI  - Leading-particle spectrum and impact-parameter distributions at very high
      energies.

PMID- 9956414
TI  - Soft-gluon emission in heavy-quarkonia production.

PMID- 9956415
TI  - Application of chiral perturbation theory to K-->2 pi decays.

PMID- 9956416
TI  - Nucleon decay in supergravity unified theories.

PMID- 9956418
TI  - Bound heavy- and light-quark systems in a non-Coulombic logarithmic-potential
      model.

PMID- 9956417
TI  - Analytic parametrization of 4He charge form factor.

PMID- 9956420
TI  - Correlations in color and spin in multiparton processes.

PMID- 9956419
TI  - Multiparton processes: An application to the double Drell-Yan mechanism.

PMID- 9956422
TI  - Variational quantum-field-theoretical approach to the chiral bag.

PMID- 9956421
TI  - Degenerate states and the Kinoshita-Lee-Nauenberg theorem in deep-inelastic
      scattering.

PMID- 9956424
TI  - Soliton bag models of hadrons from QCD.

PMID- 9956423
TI  - Nuclear matter in the crystal soliton bag model.

PMID- 9956426
TI  - Supersymmetric composite models with preons in two hypercolor representations.

PMID- 9956425
TI  - Composite model for quarks and leptons.

PMID- 9956427
TI  - Comparison of cross sections from deep-inelastic neutrino scattering on neon and
      deuterium.

PMID- 9956428
TI  - Hyperon polarization asymmetry: Polarized beams and Omega - production.

PMID- 9956429
TI  - Light gluinos and quark-gluon-plasma formation in relativistic heavy-ion
      collisions.

PMID- 9956431
TI  - Note on CP nonconservation in K--> pi pi.

PMID- 9956430
TI  - Searching for strange matter by heavy-ion activation.

PMID- 9956432
TI  - Radiative partial width of A1 in current-algebra approach.

PMID- 9956433
TI  - Single-Majoron emission in micro decay.

PMID- 9956434
TI  - Excited quarks and Glashow-Iliopoulos-Maiani mechanism.

PMID- 9956435
TI  - Erratum: Neutrino mass matrix

PMID- 9956438
TI  - New limits on the production of anomalous nuclear fragments in deuteron-deuteron
      collisions.

PMID- 9956439
TI  - Study of inelastic interactions of 340-GeV/c pions with emulsion nuclei.

PMID- 9956436
TI  - New determination of the Michel parameter in tau decay.

PMID- 9956437
TI  - Lifetimes, cross sections, and production mechanisms of charmed particles
      produced by 20-GeV photons.

PMID- 9956440
TI  - Search for possible superheavy particles in sodium nuclei.

PMID- 9956441
TI  - On the multiplicity distribution in e+e--->hadrons.

PMID- 9956442
TI  - Perturbative QCD analysis of the photon structure function.

PMID- 9956443
TI  - Light-gluino scenario.

PMID- 9956444
TI  - Photons from strange-quark annihilation in a quark-gluon plasma.

PMID- 9956446
TI  - P or CP determination by sequential decays: V1V2 modes with decays into l-barAlB
      and/or q-barAqB.

PMID- 9956445
TI  - Coherence and Coulomb effects on pion interferometry.

PMID- 9956447
TI  - Distinguishing a spin-0 technipion and an elementary Higgs boson: V1V2 modes with
      decays into l-barAlB and/or q-barAqB.

PMID- 9956448
TI  - Simple tests for CP or P violation by sequential decays: V1V2 modes with decays
      into l-barAlB and/or q-barAqB.

PMID- 9956451
TI  - Radiative meson decay in the cloudy bag model.

PMID- 9956450
TI  - Dipion decay modes of the Upsilon family from a universal epsilon coupling.

PMID- 9956449
TI  - Right-handed currents, finite neutrino mass, and mass mixings in Kl3+ decays.

PMID- 9956453
TI  - Detection of W-boson supersymmetric decay modes.

PMID- 9956452
TI  - Calculation of the decay micro--->e-e+e- nu micro nu -bare.

PMID- 9956454
TI  - Anomalous quadrupole moment of W in supersymmetry.

PMID- 9956455
TI  - Nucleon form factors in an independent-quark model based on Dirac equation with
      power-law potential.

PMID- 9956456
TI  - Dispersive effects in D0-D-bar0 mixing.

PMID- 9956457
TI  - Hyperfine splittings in the low-lying nucleon and isobar resonances with ground
      state quantum numbers.

PMID- 9956458
TI  - Rho mesons in the Skyrme model.

PMID- 9956459
TI  - Covariant description of mesons as nontopological solitons.

PMID- 9956460
TI  - Nonleading radiative contributions to low-energy N=1 supergravity theories.

PMID- 9956461
TI  - Numerical study of the lattice meson form factor.

PMID- 9956462
TI  - Lattice and perturbative QCD analysis of exclusive processes.

PMID- 9956463
TI  - Momentum projection and relativistic boost of solitons: Coherent states and
      projection.

PMID- 9956464
TI  - Quasisolitons in the vector-meson sector of the Weinberg chiral model.

PMID- 9956465
TI  - Bisolitonic ansatz for the Skyrme field.

PMID- 9956466
TI  - Symmetry breaking and charge operator in SU(9) grand-unification models.

PMID- 9956467
TI  - Decays of heavy charged Higgs bosons.

PMID- 9956469
TI  - Phenomenological bounds on flavor-mixing contributions to the down-scalar-quark
      mass matrix.

PMID- 9956468
TI  - Proton decay in a nucleus: Effects of the nuclear surface.

PMID- 9956470
TI  - t-quarkonian energy levels and the strong-interaction coupling constant.

PMID- 9956471
TI  - Stability of the rotating Skyrmion.

PMID- 9956472
TI  - Phenomenological model for baryons with radially dependent quark mass.

PMID- 9956473
TI  - Comment on the suppression of parity-violating asymmetry in sigma (p

PMID- 9956474
TI  - Erratum: QCD corrections to the decay B--> psi X

PMID- 9956475
TI  - Analyzing power for pi -p elastic scattering in the energy region of the Roper
      resonance.

PMID- 9956476
TI  - Search for monoenergetic photons from Upsilon (1S)--> gamma +X.

PMID- 9956478
TI  - Solutions to the effective field equations for a proposed gravitational effective
      action.

PMID- 9956477
TI  - Nature of the high-energy particles from Cygnus X-3.

PMID- 9956479
TI  - Gauge invariance and unitarity in higher-derivative quantum gravity.

PMID- 9956481
TI  - Natural Poincare gauge model.

PMID- 9956480
TI  - Surface geometry of a rotating black hole in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9956483
TI  - Hamiltonian formulation of eleven-dimensional supergravity.

PMID- 9956482
TI  - Chromohydrodynamics in Einstein-Cartan theory.

PMID- 9956484
TI  - Constraint algebra in eleven-dimensional supergravity.

PMID- 9956485
TI  - Symmetry breaking in inhomogeneous spacetimes: A tractable example.

PMID- 9956487
TI  - Global symmetry breaking in two-dimensional flat spacetime and in de Sitter
      spacetime.

PMID- 9956486
TI  - Superspace formulation of ten-dimensional N=1 supergravity coupled to N=1 super
      Yang-Mills theory.

PMID- 9956488
TI  - Conformally invariant quantum field theory in static Einstein space-times.

PMID- 9956489
TI  - Consistent picture of supersymmetry breaking at finite temperature: Self
      consistent loop-expansion method.

PMID- 9956490
TI  - Dirac quantization in superspace.

PMID- 9956492
TI  - Renormalizing ( phi3)6 theory in curved space-time.

PMID- 9956491
TI  - Normalization invariance in quantum field theories.

PMID- 9956493
TI  - Interacting scalar field theory in general curved space-time.

PMID- 9956495
TI  - Superluminal reference frames and generalized Lorentz transformations.

PMID- 9956494
TI  - Calabi-Yau manifolds from arbitrary weighted homogeneous spaces.

PMID- 9956496
TI  - Correlation functions for homogeneous, isotropic random classical electromagnetic
      radiation and the electromagnetic fields of a fluctuating classical electric
      dipole.

PMID- 9956497
TI  - Stochastic mechanics and the Kepler problem.

PMID- 9956499
TI  - Fermion-grand-unified-monopole systems as exactly solvable two-dimensional
      quantum-field-theory problems.

PMID- 9956498
TI  - Three-cocycle in quantum mechanics. II.

PMID- 9956500
TI  - Entropy production of superstrings in the very early Universe.

PMID- 9956502
TI  - Renormalization of QCD with nonvanishing vacuum angle, the UA(1) Ward-Takahashi
      identity, and decoupling.

PMID- 9956501
TI  - Anomalous vacuum expectation values.

PMID- 9956503
TI  - Ultraviolet divergences of the supersymmetric O(N) model in a 1/N expansion.

PMID- 9956504
TI  - Gauge invariance and mass. I. Abelian case.

PMID- 9956506
TI  - Extrema of SO(N)-invariant Higgs potentials and their associated mass
      eigenstates.

PMID- 9956505
TI  - Gauge invariance and mass. II. Non-Abelian case.

PMID- 9956507
TI  - Geometrical description of the gauged Dirac-Kahler fields on the lattice.

PMID- 9956508
TI  - Topological excitations and long-range order.

PMID- 9956509
TI  - The t expansion and SU(3) lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9956510
TI  - Representation of the vacuum wave function of the U(1) lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9956511
TI  - SU(2) deconfinement temperature on a body-centered hypercubic lattice.

PMID- 9956512
TI  - Dimensional reduction near a phase transition.

PMID- 9956513
TI  - Quenched massive Schwinger model in the infrared approximation.

PMID- 9956514
TI  - Consistent and covariant anomalies and local cohomology.

PMID- 9956515
TI  - Supersymmetry and zero-momentum modes.

PMID- 9956516
TI  - Is the doubly charged monopole stable?

PMID- 9956517
TI  - Ambiguities of the chiral-anomaly graph in higher dimensions.

PMID- 9956518
TI  - Gap and Bethe-Salpeter equations in Hamiltonian lattice QCD with Wilson fermions.

PMID- 9956519
TI  - Perturbative origin of an essential singularity in dimensional renormalization of
      quadratic divergences.

PMID- 9956520
TI  - Relativistic two-dimensional field theory with dynamical generation of a
      superconducting gap.

PMID- 9956521
TI  - Relativistic string coupled to massless scalar field.

PMID- 9956522
TI  - Similarity solutions for the self-dual SU(2) fields.

PMID- 9956524
TI  - Canonical derivation of the gluon propagator in the temporal gauge.

PMID- 9956523
TI  - Explicit formula for the renormalization-scheme invariants of perturbation
      theory.

PMID- 9956525
TI  - Technical aspect in the light-cone gauge.

PMID- 9956526
TI  - Conservation laws in the supersymmetric sine-Gordon model.

PMID- 9956528
TI  - Perturbation theory for an anharmonic oscillator.

PMID- 9956527
TI  - Modest step towards a Young-tableau method for E6.

PMID- 9956529
TI  - Conditions for nondegeneracy in supersymmetric quantum mechanics.

PMID- 9956532
TI  - Lattice formulation of the superstring.

PMID- 9956530
TI  - Conformal transformation of the effective action.

PMID- 9956531
TI  - Dyonic bound states from local compactification.

PMID- 9956534
TI  - Measurements of production polarization and decay asymmetry for Xi - hyperons.

PMID- 9956533
TI  - Observation of A dependence in Koba-Nielsen-Olesen scaling distributions for high
      energy hadron-nucleus interactions.

PMID- 9956535
TI  - Measurement of the rate of formation of pi-mu atoms in KL0 decay.

PMID- 9956537
TI  - Transverse-polarization effects in e+e- collisions: The role of chiral symmetry.

PMID- 9956536
TI  - Measurement of the resonance parameters and radiative width of the rho +

PMID- 9956539
TI  - Partons in nuclei.

PMID- 9956538
TI  - Signals for composite-W+/- production in gamma p collisions.

PMID- 9956540
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of jets in the upsilon and t-quarkonium regions.

PMID- 9956541
TI  - Dynamical basis for Koba-Nielsen-Olesen scaling and its violation.

PMID- 9956542
TI  - Hadronic transverse energy and QCD.

PMID- 9956543
TI  - Inclusive nucleon-nucleus scattering and symmetric-hadron-pair production at high
      Pperp in the relativistic quark model.

PMID- 9956544
TI  - Muon production by photons from Cygnus X-3.

PMID- 9956545
TI  - Supplementary evidence for T violation.

PMID- 9956546
TI  - Discriminating horizontal symmetries from operator analysis and proton-decay
      experiments.

PMID- 9956548
TI  - Chiral symmetry and radiative pion decay.

PMID- 9956547
TI  - Radiative corrections for semileptonic decays of hyperons: "Model-independent"
      part.

PMID- 9956549
TI  - Prediction of the electric form factors of the nucleon.

PMID- 9956551
TI  - Exotic fermions in E6 and the anomalous magnetic moments of leptons.

PMID- 9956550
TI  - Electric dipole moment of the electron in left-right-symmetric theories.

PMID- 9956552
TI  - Higgs-boson masses in a supersymmetric extension of the standard model.

PMID- 9956553
TI  - Comparing the Schrodinger and spinless Salpeter equations for heavy-quark bound
      states.

PMID- 9956554
TI  - Heavy-quarkonium systems and the QCD scale parameter Lambda MS

PMID- 9956555
TI  - Possible evidence for dynamical supersymmetry in the hadron spectrum.

PMID- 9956556
TI  - CP violation and generation mixing.

PMID- 9956557
TI  - Baryon axial-vector couplings and SU(3)-symmetry breaking in chiral quark models.

PMID- 9956558
TI  - Structural arrangement of quarks in three-particle systems.

PMID- 9956559
TI  - Fokker-Planck stochastic Koba-Nielsen-Olesen solutions, branching processes, and
      path to hadronization.

PMID- 9956560
TI  - Relativistic wave equations for the dynamics of two interacting particles.

PMID- 9956561
TI  - Relativistic quarkonium dynamics.

PMID- 9956562
TI  - Light fermion bound states in two-particle relativistic quantum mechanics.

PMID- 9956563
TI  - Energy and Regge residues in quantum-mechanical "QCD" sum rules.

PMID- 9956564
TI  - Bound on the W-boson electric dipole moment.

PMID- 9956566
TI  - Quantum-electrodynamic radiative corrections to the decay pi 0--> gamma e+e-

PMID- 9956565
TI  - Does the A dependence in high-pT jets come from the European Muon Collaboration
      effect?

PMID- 9956567
TI  - Corrections to the box-diagram amplitude due to kaon mass.

PMID- 9956568
TI  - Fermion condensates and weak symmetry breaking in a superstring-based model.

PMID- 9956569
TI  - Remarks on a composite model for leptons, quarks, and Higgs mesons.

PMID- 9956570
TI  - Comment on "New observable phases in a supersymmetric extension of the standard
      model"

PMID- 9956571
TI  - Erratum: Bounds on higgs-boson masses in a two-doublet extension of the standard
      model

PMID- 9956572
TI  - Search for single photons from radiative neutrino or supersymmetric-particle
      production.

PMID- 9956574
TI  - Gravity in minesmdashAn investigation of Newton's law.

PMID- 9956573
TI  - Bag formation in a chiral model.

PMID- 9956575
TI  - Detecting cold dark-matter candidates.

PMID- 9956577
TI  - Instability of de Sitter space on short time scales.

PMID- 9956576
TI  - Axion emission rates in stars and constraints on its mass.

PMID- 9956579
TI  - A class of viscous magnetohydrodynamic type-I cosmologies.

PMID- 9956578
TI  - Quantum stress-energy tensors and the weak energy condition.

PMID- 9956581
TI  - Cosmic strings with cosmological constant.

PMID- 9956580
TI  - Nonstatic vacuum strings: Exterior and interior solutions.

PMID- 9956583
TI  - Boundary conditions in quantum cosmology.

PMID- 9956582
TI  - Cosmic strings as random walks.

PMID- 9956584
TI  - Quantum blurring of cosmological singularities.

PMID- 9956586
TI  - Hadamard singularity and quantum states in Bianchi type-I space-time.

PMID- 9956585
TI  - Spectrum of Hawking radiation and the Huygens principle.

PMID- 9956587
TI  - Brans-Dicke-type models with nonmetricity.

PMID- 9956588
TI  - Quasi-Riemannian gravity and spontaneous breaking of the Lorentz gauge symmetry
      in more than four dimensions.

PMID- 9956590
TI  - Spin-two fields and general covariance.

PMID- 9956589
TI  - Classical fluctuations in dissipative quantum systems.

PMID- 9956591
TI  - Symmetry breaking in six-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell- sigma theory.

PMID- 9956592
TI  - Effects of acceleration through the Dirac sea.

PMID- 9956593
TI  - Mean-curvature normal and dual-string models.

PMID- 9956594
TI  - Does statistical mechanics equal one-loop quantum field theory?

PMID- 9956595
TI  - Expansion of the one-loop effective action in covariant derivatives.

PMID- 9956596
TI  - Improved determination of binding energy in field theory using a basis wave
      functional expansion.

PMID- 9956597
TI  - Anharmonic oscillator as a test of the coupled-cluster method.

PMID- 9956598
TI  - Nodal structure of supersymmetric wave functions.

PMID- 9956599
TI  - Non-Abelian symmetries from higher dimensions in string theories.

PMID- 9956601
TI  - Nonequilibrium truncation scheme for the statistical mechanics of relativistic
      matter.

PMID- 9956600
TI  - Complex Langevin equations and their applications to quantum statistical and
      lattice field models.

PMID- 9956602
TI  - Does natural duplexity conceal half-integral fermion number?

PMID- 9956603
TI  - Spontaneous chiral-symmetry breaking in three-dimensional QED.

PMID- 9956604
TI  - Chiral superfield four-point function in the N=4 super Yang-Mills theory.

PMID- 9956606
TI  - Observations on the T lnR term in the quark-antiquark free energy.

PMID- 9956605
TI  - SU(2) quark potential on a body-centered-hypercubic lattice.

PMID- 9956608
TI  - Critical behavior near deconfinement.

PMID- 9956607
TI  - Non-Abelian Debye screening: The color-averaged potential.

PMID- 9956610
TI  - Current-algebra results in the path-integral framework.

PMID- 9956609
TI  - Chiral symmetry at finite baryonic density.

PMID- 9956611
TI  - Phase transition in supersymmetric matter.

PMID- 9956613
TI  - Absence of spinor loop anomalies involving non-gauge-type external fields.

PMID- 9956612
TI  - Spontaneous breaking of parity in (2+1)-dimensional QED.

PMID- 9956614
TI  - Gravitino auxiliary fields of N=1, D=10 supergravity theory.

PMID- 9956615
TI  - Riemannian contributions to the short-ranged velocity-dependent nucleon-nucleon
      interaction.

PMID- 9956616
TI  - Comments on continuous observation in quantum mechanics.

PMID- 9956617
TI  - Erratum: Fermionic zero modes in two-dimensional field theories

PMID- 9956618
TI  - Supersymmetric oscillator and the phase problem.

PMID- 9956620
TI  - Superconducting inductance-bridge transducer for resonant-mass gravitational
      radiation detector.

PMID- 9956619
TI  - Quantization of Nambu-Goto strings with new boundary conditions.

PMID- 9956621
TI  - Black holes in two spacetime dimensions.

PMID- 9956622
TI  - Class of stationary axisymmetric solutions of Einstein's equations in empty
      space.

PMID- 9956624
TI  - Gravitational effects of global strings.

PMID- 9956623
TI  - String-dominated universe.

PMID- 9956625
TI  - A mechanism for baryogenesis in supersymmetric inflationary cosmologies.

PMID- 9956626
TI  - Gauge theories, geometry, and cosmology.

PMID- 9956627
TI  - Behavior of homogeneous five-dimensional space-times.

PMID- 9956628
TI  - Torsion and chiral fermions in Kaluza-Klein theories.

PMID- 9956629
TI  - Progress towards the supersymmetrization of Chern-Simons terms in five
      dimensional simple supergravity.

PMID- 9956630
TI  - Supergravity without spinors.

PMID- 9956631
TI  - Compactification of superstrings and torsion.

PMID- 9956633
TI  - Renormalization in anti-de Sitter supersymmetry.

PMID- 9956632
TI  - Lehmann spectral representation for anti-de Sitter quantum field theory.

PMID- 9956634
TI  - Non-Abelian Aharonov-Bohm effect.

PMID- 9956635
TI  - Masslessness and light-cone propagation in 3+2 de Sitter and 2+1 Minkowski
      spaces.

PMID- 9956636
TI  - Analysis of the compatibility between the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution and the
      Rayleigh-Jeans spectrum for classical systems.

PMID- 9956638
TI  - On the Hill-determinant method.

PMID- 9956637
TI  - New Schrodinger equations for old: Inequivalence of the Darboux and Abraham-Moses
      constructions.

PMID- 9956639
TI  - Effective field equations for expectation values.

PMID- 9956640
TI  - Minimal theory of quantum electrodynamics.

PMID- 9956641
TI  - Infrared behavior of three- and four-gluon vertices in Yang-Mills theory.

PMID- 9956642
TI  - Stability analysis of M4 >= 2 >= 2 in the Einstein-Maxwell system.

PMID- 9956643
TI  - Kaluza-Klein monopoles in five dimensions.

PMID- 9956644
TI  - Path-integral solubility of two-dimensional models.

PMID- 9956645
TI  - Covariant method for soliton matrix elements.

PMID- 9956647
TI  - Canonical quantization of a two-dimensional model with anomalous breaking of
      gauge invariance.

PMID- 9956646
TI  - Quasipoint vertices.

PMID- 9956649
TI  - Mean-field approximation for Abelian and non-Abelian lattice gauge theories at
      finite temperature.

PMID- 9956650
TI  - Foldy-Wouthuysen representation and the relativistic equations of motion for a
      classical colored, spinning particle.

PMID- 9956648
TI  - Gauge-matter Potts model: Saddle-point approach and large N.

PMID- 9956651
TI  - New ghost-free infrared-soft gauges.

PMID- 9956652
TI  - Lorentz invariance in the mean-field approximation.

PMID- 9956653
TI  - Hydrogenlike structure of bound-state energy for a fermion and a Dirac dyon with
      charge Zd<Zdc and for j >= ||q||+1/2.

PMID- 9956654
TI  - Mass corrections in supersymmetric sine-Gordon theory.

PMID- 9956655
TI  - Thermodynamic stability of cosmological models.

PMID- 9956656
TI  - Time variation of coupling constants in Kaluza-Klein cosmologies reexamined.

PMID- 9956657
TI  - Possible closure conditions in a Kaluza-Klein compactified M4 >= 1-barN-1 model.

PMID- 9956658
TI  - Induced charges and tunneling in soliton-antisoliton systems.

PMID- 9956659
TI  - Path-integral derivation of anomalies using dimensional regularization.

PMID- 9956660
TI  - Renormalized covariant Wigner function of the magnetized vacuum.

PMID- 9956661
TI  - Fermionic zero modes and violation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.

PMID- 9956662
TI  - 1/N expansion for a Mie-type potential.

PMID- 9956663
TI  - Imaginary part in thermo field dynamics.

PMID- 9956664
TI  - Role of Darboux's theorem in supersymmetric quantum mechanics.

PMID- 9956665
TI  - More about the SU(2) 2(+) glueball state.

PMID- 9956666
TI  - Surface terms and radiative corrections to the VVA triangle diagram.

PMID- 9956668
TI  - Low-energy theorems from scale currents.

PMID- 9956667
TI  - Anomalies in odd-dimensional space-times and zeta-function regularization.

PMID- 9956670
TI  - On Cooperstock's counterexample to the gravitational-radiation quadrupole
      formula.

PMID- 9956669
TI  - Comment on the 4/3 problem in the electromagnetic mass and the Boyer-Rohrlich
      controversy.

PMID- 9956672
TI  - Velocity of sound in SU(3) lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9956671
TI  - Reply to "On Cooperstock's counterexample to the gravitational-radiation
      quadrupole formula"

PMID- 9956673
TI  - One-loop renormalization of the Yang-Mills theory with Dirac fermions in the
      light-cone gauge.

PMID- 9956674
TI  - One-loop-order renormalization of the massless Wess-Zumino model in anti-de
      Sitter space.

PMID- 9956675
TI  - Fermionic zero modes in two-dimensional field theories.

PMID- 9956676
TI  - Hadronic decay of the etac(2980).

PMID- 9956678
TI  - Propagation and secondary production of low-energy antiprotons in the atmosphere.

PMID- 9956677
TI  - Low-energy p, p-bar, and d vertical intensities at mountain altitude.

PMID- 9956679
TI  - Nonstandard-Higgs-scalar- and pseudoscalar-boson production in ep and e+e-
      colliders.

PMID- 9956680
TI  - Lepton correlations in gauge-boson pair production and decay.

PMID- 9956681
TI  - Two-photon production in pp and pp-bar collisions.

PMID- 9956682
TI  - Spin property of heavy hadron in heavy-quark fragmentation: A simple model.

PMID- 9956683
TI  - Total e+e- annihilation cross section in the charm continuum.

PMID- 9956685
TI  - Total cross section and extraction of low-energy parameters of Lambda p
      scattering.

PMID- 9956684
TI  - Q2 dependence of exclusive meson production in two-photon reactions.

PMID- 9956687
TI  - Transverse-momentum distribution of pi 0 and its product gamma rays.

PMID- 9956686
TI  - Effects of quark compositeness at the Superconducting Super Collider.

PMID- 9956689
TI  - Exclusive decays of a heavy pseudoscalar.

PMID- 9956688
TI  - Jets as a probe of quark-gluon plasmas.

PMID- 9956690
TI  - Photodecay amplitudes in a flux-tube potential model for baryons.

PMID- 9956692
TI  - Dinucleon decay in the nucleus: A quark-model analysis.

PMID- 9956691
TI  - Two Higgs doublets and heavy-quarkonium decays.

PMID- 9956693
TI  - Two-photon decays of scalar and pseudoscalar bosons in supersymmetry.

PMID- 9956694
TI  - Neutrino masses and proton decay modes in SU(3) x SU(3) x SU(3) trinification.

PMID- 9956695
TI  - General upper bounds on the light-neutral-Higgs-boson mass in minimal low-energy
      supergravity.

PMID- 9956696
TI  - Spin splittings in heavy quarkonia.

PMID- 9956697
TI  - Scale anomaly and the scalars.

PMID- 9956698
TI  - Why the nonrelativistic potential model and the ultrarelativistic bag model give
      the same spectra.

PMID- 9956699
TI  - Current algebra and the cloudy-bag model.

PMID- 9956701
TI  - Isospin as a spontaneously broken symmetry of the electroweak interactions.

PMID- 9956700
TI  - Soft-pion corrections to the Skyrme soliton.

PMID- 9956703
TI  - Branching ratios of b-flavored mesons.

PMID- 9956702
TI  - Study of eta formation in photon-photon collisions.

PMID- 9956704
TI  - Do heavy quarkonia have stringlike behavior?

PMID- 9956706
TI  - Erratum: Are there baryons which contain constituent gluons?

PMID- 9956705
TI  - Realistic supersymmetric preon models.

PMID- 9956708
TI  - Time variation of fundamental constants, primordial nucleosynthesis, and the size
      of extra dimensions.

PMID- 9956707
TI  - Rephasing invariants and CP violation.

PMID- 9956709
TI  - Evolution of cosmic strings.

PMID- 9956710
TI  - Cosmic and local mass density of "invisible" axions.

PMID- 9956711
TI  - Astrophysical axion bounds diminished by screening effects.

PMID- 9956713
TI  - Membrane viewpoint on black holes: Properties and evolution of the stretched
      horizon.

PMID- 9956712
TI  - Invisible axions and the QCD phase transition in the early Universe.

PMID- 9956714
TI  - Stochastic quantization of Einstein gravity.

PMID- 9956715
TI  - Quantum gauge fields at high curvature.

PMID- 9956716
TI  - Topology change and monopole creation.

PMID- 9956717
TI  - Fields in nonaffine bundles. I. The general bitensorially gauge-covariant
      differentiation procedure.

PMID- 9956718
TI  - Fields in nonaffine bundles. II. Gauge-coupled generalization of harmonic
      mappings and their Bunting identities.

PMID- 9956719
TI  - Gravitational amplification and attenuation as part of the mutual interaction of
      quantum fields in curved space-times.

PMID- 9956720
TI  - Higher-derivative operators and DeWitt's WKB ansatz.

PMID- 9956722
TI  - Feynman path integral and the interaction picture.

PMID- 9956721
TI  - Gauge invariance of the one-loop effective potential in Md >= 1 Kaluza-Klein
      theory.

PMID- 9956724
TI  - Wheeler-Feynman dynamics of spin-1/2 particles.

PMID- 9956723
TI  - Feynman path integral and the photon.

PMID- 9956726
TI  - Constraints and equations of motion in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories.

PMID- 9956725
TI  - New families of isospectral Hamiltonians.

PMID- 9956728
TI  - Topological invariants for Dirac operators on open spaces.

PMID- 9956727
TI  - Path-integral derivation of gauge and gravitational chiral anomalies in theories
      with vector and axial-vector couplings in arbitrary even dimensions.

PMID- 9956729
TI  - Is the chiral angle related to the vacuum charge? A study in one dimension.

PMID- 9956730
TI  - When is the central charge of the Virasoro algebra in string theories in curved
      space-time not a numerical constant?

PMID- 9956731
TI  - Proof of one-loop finiteness of type-I SO(32) superstring theory.

PMID- 9956732
TI  - Eigensolutions of the light-cone equation for a scalar field model.

PMID- 9956733
TI  - Spontaneous symmetry breaking in the effective potential.

PMID- 9956734
TI  - Thomas-Fermi approximation to functional determinants in external gauge
      potentials.

PMID- 9956736
TI  - Monte Carlo study of the four-dimensional anisotropic U(1) gauge theory (lattice
      dimensional reduction).

PMID- 9956735
TI  - First-order phase transition in lattice QCD at finite temperature with light
      fermions: An analytical study.

PMID- 9956738
TI  - Saddle-point instability in models of chiral-symmetry breaking.

PMID- 9956737
TI  - Color radiation in the classical Yang-Mills theory.

PMID- 9956739
TI  - Evaluation of the chiral anomaly by the stochastic quantization method.

PMID- 9956740
TI  - Nonquenched order-parameter estimates in massive two-dimensional QED by an
      infrared method.

PMID- 9956741
TI  - Gauge-invariant energy-momentum tensor for massive QED.

PMID- 9956743
TI  - Chaos in Yang-Mills equations.

PMID- 9956742
TI  - Potential scattering and large-N expansions.

PMID- 9956744
TI  - Dimensional reduction and higher-order topological invariants: Descent by even
      steps and applications.

PMID- 9956745
TI  - Construction of nondegenerate non-Abelian solutions and Coulomb-type solution for
      the same charge distribution in SU(2) Yang-Mills theory.

PMID- 9956746
TI  - Incompatibility of stochastic regularization and Zwanziger's gauge fixing.

PMID- 9956747
TI  - Stochastic approach to the large-N limit.

PMID- 9956748
TI  - Born-Oppenheimer approximation and the origin of Wess-Zumino terms: Some quantum
      mechanical examples.

PMID- 9956749
TI  - Path-integral bosonization for massive fermion models in two dimensions.

PMID- 9956750
TI  - Gravitational anomalies and the Goldstone-Wilczek current.

PMID- 9956751
TI  - Lee-Weinberg bound reexamined.

PMID- 9956752
TI  - Transition of rotating Bianchi type-IX cosmological model into an inflationary
      era.

PMID- 9956753
TI  - Erratum: Superstring cosmology

PMID- 9956754
TI  - Measurement of the pi-->e nu branching ratio.

PMID- 9956755
TI  - Study of the radiative decay J/ psi --> gamma rho rho.

PMID- 9956757
TI  - Searching for supersymmetry in high-energy cosmic-ray interactions.

PMID- 9956756
TI  - Neutrino-induced meson production in nucleon-decay detectors.

PMID- 9956759
TI  - Polarization effects in production and decay of Z0.

PMID- 9956758
TI  - Cygnus X-3 events and very-high-energy photonuclear cross sections.

PMID- 9956761
TI  - K factors for processes involving real photons.

PMID- 9956760
TI  - Jets-plus-missing-momentum events in electron-positron annihilation at the Z0
      peak.

PMID- 9956762
TI  - DD-bar correlations in fusion and cluster models.

PMID- 9956763
TI  - Statistical approach to nondiffractive hadron-hadron collisions: Multiplicity
      distributions and correlations in different rapidity intervals.

PMID- 9956764
TI  - Dimuons from gluinos.

PMID- 9956765
TI  - How much strangeness production is there in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus
      collisions?

PMID- 9956766
TI  - Pion interferometry of quark-gluon plasma.

PMID- 9956767
TI  - Transverse-momentum behavior of jets from generalized Altarelli-Parisi equations.

PMID- 9956769
TI  - Cabibbo-angle-favored D-->PP and D-->VP decays: A dispersion approach.

PMID- 9956768
TI  - Mechanism for coherent production of pions from the decay of resonances.

PMID- 9956770
TI  - Induced second-class form factors in Sigma - beta decay.

PMID- 9956771
TI  - Constituent-quark description of nonleptonic hyperon decays.

PMID- 9956773
TI  - New four-quark Delta S=2 local operator.

PMID- 9956772
TI  - Theoretical foundation for treating decays allowed by the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka rule
      and related phenomena.

PMID- 9956774
TI  - M0-M-bar0 matrix elements in a relativized quark model.

PMID- 9956775
TI  - Heavy-fermion contributions to Delta mZ, Delta mW, Delta sin

PMID- 9956776
TI  - Evolution of relativistic multiquark systems.

PMID- 9956778
TI  - Skyrmion phenomenology in the standard electroweak model.

PMID- 9956777
TI  - Glueball solitons.

PMID- 9956779
TI  - Symmetry-breaking patterns in QCD with 27 scalars.

PMID- 9956780
TI  - Exact dependence of multiquark operators on the number of colors.

PMID- 9956781
TI  - Saturation of color forces and nuclear binding.

PMID- 9956782
TI  - New kind of chiral bag model.

PMID- 9956783
TI  - Distorted-field approximation to the static pion potential.

PMID- 9956784
TI  - N=1 supergravity grand unified theories with noncanonical kinetic energy terms.

PMID- 9956785
TI  - Low-energy phenomenology of some supersymmetric E6-breaking patterns.

PMID- 9956786
TI  - Search for D production in pion-nucleon interactions.

PMID- 9956787
TI  - e+e---> gamma + missing neutrals: Neutrino versus photino production.

PMID- 9956788
TI  - D-wave amplitude of pi pi scattering and nucleon static properties in the Skyrme
      model.

PMID- 9956789
TI  - CP violation in charged-kaon decay.

PMID- 9956790
TI  - Scalar-meson contribution to chiral Lagrangian and nonleptonic K decays.

PMID- 9956791
TI  - QCD corrections to the decay B--> eta cX.

PMID- 9956792
TI  - Anomalous current commutators in the nonlinear sigma model.

PMID- 9956793
TI  - Cloudy bag model, the " sigma " meson, and pi N scattering.

PMID- 9956794
TI  - Elastic pp-bar and pp scattering up to sqrt s =546 GeV and the flavored
      perturbative Reggeon field theory.

PMID- 9956795
TI  - Is D0--> phiK-bar0 really a clear signal for the annihilation diagram?

PMID- 9956797
TI  - Generic instabilities in first-order dissipative relativistic fluid theories. II.
      Havas-Swenson-type theories.

PMID- 9956796
TI  - Neutrino mass limits from the Fritzsch mass matrix.

PMID- 9956798
TI  - c-boundary of Taub's plane-symmetric static vacuum spacetime.

PMID- 9956800
TI  - Inertial systems related to the kinematics of discrete mass distributions.

PMID- 9956799
TI  - Generalized proof of a mass-monopole criterion.

PMID- 9956801
TI  - Gauged N=4, d=6 Maxwell-Einstein supergravity and "antisymmetric-tensor Chern
      Simons" forms.

PMID- 9956802
TI  - Gravitational Casimir energy in even dimensions.

PMID- 9956803
TI  - Effects of quantum fields on singularities and particle horizons in the early
      universe. IV. Initially empty universes.

PMID- 9956804
TI  - Gauge-invariant perturbations in a universe with a collisionless gas and a fluid.

PMID- 9956805
TI  - On the relic, cosmic abundance of stable, weakly interacting massive particles.

PMID- 9956806
TI  - Schwarzschild radial functions.

PMID- 9956807
TI  - Feynman Green function inside a Schwarzschild black hole.

PMID- 9956809
TI  - Back reaction and the small-mass regime.

PMID- 9956808
TI  - Vacuum energy density near static distorted black holes.

PMID- 9956811
TI  - Three-plus-one formulation of Regge calculus.

PMID- 9956810
TI  - Thermodynamic instability of de Sitter space.

PMID- 9956812
TI  - Functional formulation of Regge gravity.

PMID- 9956813
TI  - Topological solitons in Kaluza-Klein theories.

PMID- 9956814
TI  - Quantum mechanics of measurements distributed in time. A path-integral
      formulation.

PMID- 9956816
TI  - Second-order wave equation for spin-1/2 fields. II. The Hilbert space of the
      states.

PMID- 9956815
TI  - Grassmann oscillator.

PMID- 9956818
TI  - Discrete-time quantum mechanics. II. Systems with several degrees of freedom.

PMID- 9956817
TI  - Covariant quantization of superstrings based on Becchi-Rouet-Stora invariance.

PMID- 9956819
TI  - Electromagnetic interactions in multiconnected spaces.

PMID- 9956820
TI  - Temperature-dependent anharmonic oscillator: A Hartree approach.

PMID- 9956821
TI  - Baryonlike and mesonlike solitons in a one-dimensional Dirac model of extended
      particles.

PMID- 9956823
TI  - Graph rules for functions of the time-evolution operator.

PMID- 9956822
TI  - Temperature-induced interaction: lambda phi4 theory.

PMID- 9956825
TI  - Dynamically selected vacuum field configuration in massless QED.

PMID- 9956824
TI  - Levinson's theorem for potentials with Coulomb tails.

PMID- 9956826
TI  - Spontaneous breaking of global symmetries in supersymmetric theories.

PMID- 9956827
TI  - Renormalization-group equations in broken supersymmetric theories using
      superspace methods.

PMID- 9956828
TI  - Grand unification of fermion generations: Neutrino masses and cosmological
      constraints.

PMID- 9956829
TI  - Chiral-symmetry restoration at finite densities in Coulomb-gauge QCD.

PMID- 9956830
TI  - U(1) lattice gauge theory in the electric-field representation.

PMID- 9956831
TI  - Static quark-antiquark potential with renormalization-group-improved lattice
      action.

PMID- 9956832
TI  - Variations on the Langevin equation for lattice QCD with fermions.

PMID- 9956834
TI  - Geometric view on topologically massive gauge theories.

PMID- 9956833
TI  - Gluonic correlations and lattice hadron structure.

PMID- 9956835
TI  - Color screening and topological index in the classical Yang-Mills theory with
      sources.

PMID- 9956836
TI  - Chiral effective action from anomalies.

PMID- 9956837
TI  - Zero-energy modes, charge conjugation, and fermion number.

PMID- 9956838
TI  - Force on a charge in the space-time of a cosmic string.

PMID- 9956839
TI  - Dynamics of the semiclassical Einstein equations.

PMID- 9956840
TI  - beta functions of the four-point coupling constants in a new class of gauge
      theory.

PMID- 9956841
TI  - Bulk-viscosity-driven inflationary model.

PMID- 9956843
TI  - Looking for colored leptons.

PMID- 9956842
TI  - Formation of delta(980) and A2(1320) in photon-photon collisions.

PMID- 9956845
TI  - Transverse momenta in minimum-bias events at collider energies.

PMID- 9956844
TI  - Pion-nucleon scattering in the cloudy bag model.

PMID- 9956847
TI  - Conformal symmetry and exclusive processes beyond leading order.

PMID- 9956846
TI  - Extended-technicolor signatures at the Superconducting Super Collider.

PMID- 9956848
TI  - Vector-boson decay modes of the nucleon in N=1 supergravity model.

PMID- 9956849
TI  - Glueball theory of the theta(1700).

PMID- 9956850
TI  - On the mixing and production of exotic fermions in E6.

PMID- 9956851
TI  - Extra fermions in E6 superstring theories.

PMID- 9956852
TI  - Mass spectrum of low-lying baryons in the ground state in a relativistic
      potential model of independent quarks with chiral symmetry.

PMID- 9956853
TI  - Chiral model of the nucleon: Projecting the hedgehog as a coherent state.

PMID- 9956854
TI  - Quantum-chromodynamic evolution of the baryon system.

PMID- 9956855
TI  - Determination of baryon magnetic moments from QCD sum rules.

PMID- 9956856
TI  - Possible effect of glueball on 0++-meson nonet spectrum.

PMID- 9956857
TI  - Dynamical gluons in low-energy mesons.

PMID- 9956858
TI  - Solitary waves in a Skyrmion-quark Lagrangian.

PMID- 9956859
TI  - Effective Lagrangian for Skyrmion physics.

PMID- 9956860
TI  - Two-fluid model of the Skyrmion.

PMID- 9956861
TI  - Implications of E

PMID- 9956863
TI  - Spin depolarization of a polarized antiproton beam by electron cooling.

PMID- 9956862
TI  - Spontaneous parity violation and Higgs-meson masses in a composite model for
      leptons, quarks, and Higgs mesons.

PMID- 9956864
TI  - Luminosity monitoring and search for an e through e gamma scattering at e+e-
      colliders.

PMID- 9956865
TI  - Detector calibration, luminosity monitoring, and search for an e at DESY HERA.

PMID- 9956866
TI  - Twist-4 corrections to the asymmetry in polarized-lepton scattering.

PMID- 9956868
TI  - Relativistic effects in charmonium radiative decays: Is a v2/c2 expansion good
      enough?

PMID- 9956867
TI  - Creation of relativistic positronium.

PMID- 9956869
TI  - Radiative corrections due to enhanced Yukawa couplings.

PMID- 9956870
TI  - SU(3) breaking and the H dibaryon.

PMID- 9956872
TI  - On the Z4 model of flavor mixing.

PMID- 9956871
TI  - Clustering in a quark gas.

PMID- 9956874
TI  - Erratum: Tensor particles A2(1320), f(1270), and f'(1525) and the decay rate of
      K1--> gamma gamma

PMID- 9956873
TI  - Reply to "On the Z4 model of flavor mixing"

PMID- 9956875
TI  - Pion-nucleon scattering and QCD interactions.

PMID- 9956876
TI  - On the interpretation of the European Muon Collaboration effect.

PMID- 9956877
TI  - Possibility of detecting heavy neutral fermions in the Galaxy.

PMID- 9956878
TI  - Solar System constraints and signatures for dark-matter candidates.

PMID- 9956879
TI  - Effects of neutron-star superconductivity on magnetic monopoles and core field
      decay.

PMID- 9956881
TI  - Oppenheimer-Snyder collapse in polar time slicing.

PMID- 9956880
TI  - Black-hole thermodynamics and the Euclidean Einstein action.

PMID- 9956882
TI  - Transfer equation in accelerated media.

PMID- 9956883
TI  - Finite-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-scalar field system.

PMID- 9956884
TI  - Quantum fluctuation-dissipation theorem for general relativity.

PMID- 9956885
TI  - Cosmological perturbations in Kaluza-Klein models.

PMID- 9956886
TI  - Inflation in quantum cosmology in higher dimensions.

PMID- 9956887
TI  - Cosmic strings and the formation of galaxies and clusters of galaxies.

PMID- 9956888
TI  - Fluctuations from cosmic strings and the microwave background.

PMID- 9956890
TI  - Evolution of evaporating black holes in an inflationary universe.

PMID- 9956889
TI  - Singularity-free cosmology: A simple model.

PMID- 9956891
TI  - Gauge field theory of gravity.

PMID- 9956892
TI  - Pseudoclassical description for a nonrelativistic spinning particle. I. The Levy
      Leblond equation.

PMID- 9956893
TI  - Pseudoclassical description for a nonrelativistic spinning particle. II.
      Classical content.

PMID- 9956895
TI  - Proposed experimental test of Bell's inequality in nuclear beta decay.

PMID- 9956894
TI  - s-equivalent Lagrangians in generalized mechanics.

PMID- 9956896
TI  - Stochastic dynamical reduction theories and superluminal communication.

PMID- 9956897
TI  - Unsharp reality and joint measurements for spin observables.

PMID- 9956898
TI  - Path integrals and the solution of the Schwinger model in curved space-time.

PMID- 9956899
TI  - Isometric operators, isospectral Hamiltonians, and supersymmetric quantum
      mechanics.

PMID- 9956901
TI  - Extended supersymmetry breaking at finite temperature: The O'Raifeartaigh model.

PMID- 9956900
TI  - Gauge fields, quantum interference, and holonomy transformations.

PMID- 9956902
TI  - Gaussian effective potential. III. phi6 theory and bound states.

PMID- 9956903
TI  - Three- and four-particle bound states in scalar field theory.

PMID- 9956904
TI  - One-loop-order renormalization of the massive Wess-Zumino model in anti-de Sitter
      space.

PMID- 9956905
TI  - Thermodynamics in Kaluza-Klein theories.

PMID- 9956906
TI  - Consistent method of truncating the electron self-energy in nonperturbative QED.

PMID- 9956907
TI  - Self-consistent, Poincare-invariant and unitary three-particle scattering theory.

PMID- 9956908
TI  - Angular momentum and spin within a self-consistent, Poincare-invariant and
      unitary three-particle scattering theory.

PMID- 9956909
TI  - Perturbative Ward identities for Yang-Mills field theory stochastically
      quantized.

PMID- 9956910
TI  - Matrix methods in discrete-time quantum mechanics.

PMID- 9956911
TI  - Lattice gauge theory: Hamiltonian, Wilson fermions, and action.

PMID- 9956912
TI  - Numerical results for the line-line correlation length near the SU(2) deconfining
      phase transition.

PMID- 9956913
TI  - Ensemble projector Monte Carlo method, studying the lattice Schwinger model in
      the Hamiltonian formulation.

PMID- 9956915
TI  - U(1) problem on a lattice: Strong-coupling limit.

PMID- 9956914
TI  - Nonperturbative study of hadronization with heavy sources. II. Effects of flavor
      mutual screening in the two-species Schwinger model.

PMID- 9956916
TI  - Parallelizing torsion and anomalies.

PMID- 9956918
TI  - Instantons with noise: Equations for two-dimensional models.

PMID- 9956917
TI  - Stochastic regularization of fermions.

PMID- 9956919
TI  - Metastability of solitons in a generalized Skyrme model.

PMID- 9956920
TI  - Model of confinement in (2+1)-dimensional QCD.

PMID- 9956921
TI  - Coupling the spinning string to an antisymmetric tensor field and quarks with
      spin.

PMID- 9956922
TI  - Finite-lattice-spacing corrections to masses and g factors on a lattice.

PMID- 9956924
TI  - Attraction/repulsion between like charges and the spin of the classical mediating
      field.

PMID- 9956923
TI  - Normal-ordering prescription for evaluation of the central charge of Kac-Moody
      algebra.

PMID- 9956925
TI  - Time-energy Heisenberg-type relations for nonlinear classical fields.

PMID- 9956926
TI  - Spontaneous breakdown of supersymmetry at nonzero temperatures.

PMID- 9956927
TI  - Goldstone fermion at nonzero temperatures.

PMID- 9956928
TI  - Stability of an extended model of the elctron.

PMID- 9956929
TI  - Comments on charge-nonconservation effects.

PMID- 9956931
TI  - On the connection between the stochastic vector-meson field and the Euclidean
      vector field.

PMID- 9956930
TI  - Interaction of fermions with black holes.

PMID- 9956933
TI  - Erratum: Fractional charge and zero modes for planar systems in a magnetic field

PMID- 9956932
TI  - On the connection between the stochastic quantization of the vector-meson field
      and the Euclidean theory.

PMID- 9956934
TI  - Use of ghosts in the description of physical states.

PMID- 9956936
TI  - Self-contained framework of stochastic mechanics for reconstructing the Onsager
      Machlup theory.

PMID- 9956935
TI  - Matter coupling in higher-derivative supergravity.

PMID- 9956937
TI  - Observation of double phi-meson production in 400-GeV/c proton-nucleon
      interactions.

PMID- 9956939
TI  - Elastic p-p scattering amplitudes at 6 GeV/c.

PMID- 9956938
TI  - Study of polarized proton diffraction dissociation in the reaction p

PMID- 9956941
TI  - Signatures of a second heavy neutral vector boson in e+e- annihilation.

PMID- 9956940
TI  - QCD at collider energies.

PMID- 9956942
TI  - Burning of baryon-rich quark-gluon plasmas.

PMID- 9956943
TI  - Model of heavy-ion collisions in the few-GeV region.

PMID- 9956944
TI  - Restrictions on primaries responsible for correlated muon events at Soudan.

PMID- 9956945
TI  - Mirror-lepton phenomenology in a left-right model with ultralight Dirac
      neutrinos.

PMID- 9956946
TI  - Analysis of the WW gamma vertex: Form-factor and anomalous-magnetic-moment
      effects.

PMID- 9956947
TI  - Spectral-function sum rules for W boson in the weak- and strong-coupling versions
      of the standard model.

PMID- 9956948
TI  - Experimental implications of heavy, isosinglet quarks and leptons.

PMID- 9956949
TI  - Prediction of the four-generation Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix.

PMID- 9956950
TI  - Factorization property of the deuteron.

PMID- 9956951
TI  - Possible anomalies in the bb-bar spectrum and their theoretical interpretation.

PMID- 9956953
TI  - Analytic bounds on all light-Higgs-boson masses from supergravity.

PMID- 9956952
TI  - Q

PMID- 9956954
TI  - MIT bag model with chiral solitons.

PMID- 9956955
TI  - Fermion mass hierarchy, Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, and weak and strong CP solution
      with a non-Abelian family symmetry.

PMID- 9956956
TI  - Symmetry breaking of SO(10) by the 210-dimensional Higgs boson and Michel's
      conjecture.

PMID- 9956957
TI  - Unification of electroweak and strong interactions without grand unification.

PMID- 9956958
TI  - Prompt electron production from the DELCO detector at the SLAC storage ring PEP.

PMID- 9956959
TI  - Comparison of recent calculations on the W--> tau nu background for monojet
      events.

PMID- 9956960
TI  - Neutrino mixings and right-handed currents in Ml2 decays.

PMID- 9956962
TI  - Implication of the virial theorem on the atomic physics of the nuclearite.

PMID- 9956961
TI  - Chiral symmetry, nonleptonic hyperon decay, and the Feinberg-Kabir-Weinberg
      theorem.

PMID- 9956963
TI  - Concavity of the quarkonium potential.

PMID- 9956965
TI  - Erratum: Nonleptonic decays of chiral solitons and a possible resolution of the S
      wave/P-wave puzzle

PMID- 9956964
TI  - Comment on the twist-4 corrections to semileptonic neutrino scattering.

PMID- 9956966
TI  - Alpha-particle interactions with nuclei at 12A GeV/c.

PMID- 9956967
TI  - Search for "subthreshold" production of antiprotons and creation of fractional
      charges and new particles in relativistic nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9956968
TI  - Half-life limits on the zero-neutrino and two-neutrino double- beta decay of
      76Ge.

PMID- 9956969
TI  - Are deep underground detectors good gamma -ray telescopes?

PMID- 9956970
TI  - Measurement of spin-spin correlation parameters in the p-p system at 11.75 GeV/c.

PMID- 9956971
TI  - Study of the reaction p

PMID- 9956972
TI  - Inclusive strange-particle production in single-vee events in 200-GeV/c pi -N
      interactions.

PMID- 9956973
TI  - Production of Xi 0 and Xi -bar0 hyperons by 400-GeV protons.

PMID- 9956974
TI  - Determination of the neutrino fluxes in the Brookhaven wide-band beams.

PMID- 9956975
TI  - Search for right-handed currents in the decay K+--> micro+ nu.

PMID- 9956976
TI  - New experimental limit on the stability of the electron.

PMID- 9956977
TI  - Searching for the intermediate-mass Higgs boson.

PMID- 9956978
TI  - Signals for compositeness in e-e+-->e-e+ and e-e+--> micro- micro+

PMID- 9956980
TI  - Looking for colored leptons. II.

PMID- 9956979
TI  - Fragmentation corrections to triple energy correlations in high-energy e-e+
      annihilation.

PMID- 9956981
TI  - Next-to-leading-order contributions to R= sigma L/ sigma T in QCD.

PMID- 9956982
TI  - Single-particle distribution in hadron-nucleus scattering and the partition
      temperature model.

PMID- 9956983
TI  - Radiative corrections to the ratio of Z- and W-boson production.

PMID- 9956984
TI  - Production of heavy quarks from W-gluon fusion.

PMID- 9956985
TI  - Jets in heavy-ion collisions as a probe of QCD flux-tube dynamics at finite
      temperature.

PMID- 9956986
TI  - Remarks on the dimension-four chiral Lagrangian.

PMID- 9956987
TI  - Two-photon decay widths of Higgs bosons in minimal broken supersymmetry.

PMID- 9956988
TI  - Phenomenology of isosinglet Higgs bosons in extended electroweak models.

PMID- 9956990
TI  - Magnetic moments of light, charmed, and b-flavored baryons in a relativistic
      logarithmic potential.

PMID- 9956989
TI  - B-meson production between the Upsilon (4S) and Upsilon (6S) and the possibility
      of detecting B-B-bar mixing.

PMID- 9956991
TI  - Semirelativistic potential model for heavy quarkonia.

PMID- 9956992
TI  - Pion as a qq-bar soliton bag: Dressing of the nucleon and Delta.

PMID- 9956993
TI  - Pattern of quark mass matrices and the mixing-angle hierarchy.

PMID- 9956994
TI  - Simple model of fourth-generation fermions.

PMID- 9956995
TI  - Z4 symmetry and the fourth generation.

PMID- 9956997
TI  - Large-n behavior of the deep-inelastic structure functions and the
      renormalization- and factorization-scheme dependences.

PMID- 9956996
TI  - Anomaly constraints and new U(1) gauge bosons.

PMID- 9956998
TI  - Calculation of nonperturbative QCD parameters.

PMID- 9956999
TI  - Interacting many-gluon systems within the MIT bag model.

PMID- 9957000
TI  - Hadronic supersymmetry schemes.

PMID- 9957001
TI  - Spinless-dyon models of composite leptons and quarks.

PMID- 9957003
TI  - Hydrodynamics and large transverse momenta in high-energy collisions.

PMID- 9957002
TI  - Consequences of a possible new light pseudoscalar particle.

PMID- 9957005
TI  - Finite renormalization effects in the induced s-bardH vertex.

PMID- 9957004
TI  - Stech and Fritzsch hypotheses in the leptonic sector: Addendum to "Neutrino mass
      limits from the Fritzsch mass matrix."

PMID- 9957006
TI  - Schematic modeling of vacuum effects in a topological chiral bag.

PMID- 9957007
TI  - SO(10) with light scalars and an intermediate right-handed mass scale.

PMID- 9957008
TI  - Comment on Kimel's new representation for electromagnetic mass splittings.

PMID- 9957009
TI  - Erratum: Right-handed currents, finite neutrino mass, and mass mixings in K+l3
      decays

PMID- 9957010
TI  - Erratum: Glueball theory of the theta (1700)

PMID- 9957011
TI  - Longitudinal photon polarization in muon pair production at high xF.

PMID- 9957012
TI  - Inflation and bubbles in general relativity.

PMID- 9957014
TI  - The R2 cosmology: Inflation without a phase transition.

PMID- 9957013
TI  - Conjecture on isotope production in the Bianchi cosmologies.

PMID- 9957016
TI  - Effective potential in an open Kaluza-Klein universe.

PMID- 9957015
TI  - Does strange matter evaporate in the early Universe?

PMID- 9957018
TI  - Double-null coordinates for the Vaidya metric.

PMID- 9957017
TI  - Mechanically modulated microwave cavity for detection of low-frequency
      gravitational radiation.

PMID- 9957019
TI  - Features of a relativistic space-time with seven isometries.

PMID- 9957020
TI  - Stationary axially symmetric exterior solutions in the five-dimensional
      representation of the Brans-Dicke-Jordan theory of gravitation.

PMID- 9957021
TI  - Exact superpartners of N=2 supergravity solitons.

PMID- 9957022
TI  - Quantization of a gauge theory with independent metric and connection fields.

PMID- 9957023
TI  - Curvature influence on asymptotic freedom and finite-temperature effects in a
      Bianchi type-II space-time.

PMID- 9957024
TI  - Hamiltonian dynamics of gauge systems.

PMID- 9957025
TI  - Covariant factor ordering of gauge systems.

PMID- 9957026
TI  - Dimensional phase transitions: Spinors, gauge fields, and background gravity on a
      cell complex.

PMID- 9957027
TI  - Candidates for the inflaton field in superstring models.

PMID- 9957028
TI  - Locally supersymmetric string Jacobian.

PMID- 9957030
TI  - Origin of gauge invariance in string theory. II. The closed string.

PMID- 9957029
TI  - Conformal subalgebras of Kac-Moody algebras.

PMID- 9957031
TI  - Spontaneous breaking of global and local symmetries in six-dimensional Einstein
      Maxwell- sigma theory.

PMID- 9957032
TI  - Debye scalar potentials for the electromagnetic fields.

PMID- 9957033
TI  - Gaussian analysis of the Gross-Neveu model.

PMID- 9957034
TI  - Fermions and the Gaussian effective potential.

PMID- 9957035
TI  - Fermion-solenoid interactions: Vacuum charge and scattering theory.

PMID- 9957036
TI  - Gauge anomalies and scattering theory.

PMID- 9957037
TI  - Approximate determination of the mass gap in quantum field theory using the
      method of finite elements.

PMID- 9957038
TI  - Monopoles and the role of matter representations in four-dimensional U(1) lattice
      gauge theory with Higgs fields.

PMID- 9957039
TI  - Continuum limit of an SU(2) gauge theory with a scalar doublet.

PMID- 9957041
TI  - U(1) problem on a lattice. II. Strong-coupling expansion.

PMID- 9957040
TI  - Connected moments of the Hamiltonian in SU(3) lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9957043
TI  - Gluon thermodynamics with an extended plaquette action.

PMID- 9957042
TI  - Finite-size effects for lattice glueball masses.

PMID- 9957044
TI  - Correlation and screening in finite-temperature SU(2) gauge theory.

PMID- 9957046
TI  - Vortices and electrically charged vortices in non-Abelian gauge theories.

PMID- 9957045
TI  - Deconfinement and chiral-symmetry restoration in finite-temperature lattice QCD.

PMID- 9957047
TI  - On the stability of the vacuum in supersymmetric QCD.

PMID- 9957048
TI  - Non-particle-like Goldstone modes in the spontaneous breakdown of symmetry.

PMID- 9957049
TI  - Simple evaluation of chiral anomalies in the path-integral approach.

PMID- 9957051
TI  - Spontaneous symmetry breaking in the composite-vector-boson model.

PMID- 9957050
TI  - Variational approach to (2+1)-dimensional QED with topological mass term.

PMID- 9957052
TI  - Test of Newton's second law at small accelerations.

PMID- 9957053
TI  - Einstein-Kalb-Ramond cosmology.

PMID- 9957054
TI  - Closed-form solutions for the modified potential.

PMID- 9957055
TI  - Path-integral bosonization for the Abelian Avan-de Vega two-dimensional model.

PMID- 9957057
TI  - Accurate determination of spectra in discrete-time quantum mechanics.

PMID- 9957056
TI  - Explicit schemes to solve the Schrodinger field on a Galileo lattice.

PMID- 9957058
TI  - Relationship between longitudinally polarized vector bosons and their unphysical
      scalar partners.

PMID- 9957060
TI  - Response to "Comment on 'Proof of one-loop finiteness of type-I SO(32)
      superstring theory' "

PMID- 9957059
TI  - Comment on "Proof of one-loop finiteness of type-I SO(32) superstring theory"

PMID- 9957062
TI  - Gravitational bags.

PMID- 9957061
TI  - Erratum: On the relic, cosmic abundance of stable, weakly interacting massive
      particles

PMID- 9957063
TI  - Consistency relations for spinning matter in gravitational theories.

PMID- 9957064
TI  - Study of the decay B--> psi X.

PMID- 9957065
TI  - Experimental study of the reactions e+e--->e+e- and e+e---> gamma gamma at 29
      GeV.

PMID- 9957067
TI  - Study of noncollinear two-charged-particle events produced in 29-GeV electron
      positron annihilation.

PMID- 9957066
TI  - Study of quark fragmentation in e+e- annihilation at 29 GeV: Charged-particle
      multiplicity and single-particle rapidity distributions.

PMID- 9957069
TI  - High-energy photoproduction of W bosons.

PMID- 9957068
TI  - Search for the S meson in antiproton-proton interactions.

PMID- 9957070
TI  - Perturbative QCD analysis of exclusive pair production of higher-generation
      nucleons.

PMID- 9957071
TI  - Scalar-quark production and decay: An exercise in jet spectroscopy.

PMID- 9957072
TI  - Finite-energy correction to the branching equation for multiplicity
      distributions.

PMID- 9957073
TI  - Quark-cluster-model predictions for the nuclear Drell-Yan process.

PMID- 9957074
TI  - e+e- peaks at 1.8 MeV: Phenomenological constraints on nuclear transitions,
      axions, and the particle interpretation.

PMID- 9957076
TI  - Proton decay and lattice QCD.

PMID- 9957075
TI  - Order- alpha s QCD effects in technipion production and decay.

PMID- 9957077
TI  - Strong decay of hadrons in a semirelativistic quark model.

PMID- 9957079
TI  - Searching for possible large CP-violation effects in neutral-charm-meson decays.

PMID- 9957078
TI  - Systematic study of large CP violations in decays of neutral b-flavored mesons.

PMID- 9957081
TI  - Radiative neutrino decay in left-right models.

PMID- 9957080
TI  - Weak decays of the H dibaryon.

PMID- 9957083
TI  - New contributions to neutrinoless double-beta decay in supersymmetric theories.

PMID- 9957082
TI  - On muon decay in left-right-symmetric electroweak models.

PMID- 9957084
TI  - Neutrino oscillations in nonuniform matter.

PMID- 9957085
TI  - Solving momentum-space integral equations for quarkonia spectra with confining
      potentials.

PMID- 9957086
TI  - Semiclassical projection of hedgehog models with quarks.

PMID- 9957088
TI  - Spectroscopy of Higgs scalars and exotic mesons up to 1 TeV in a composite model.

PMID- 9957087
TI  - Vector and scalar mesons in the Skyrmion model.

PMID- 9957089
TI  - Flux tube or bremsstrahlung?

PMID- 9957090
TI  - Pauli quenching effects in a simple string model of quark/nuclear matter.

PMID- 9957091
TI  - On the electromagnetic contribution to inclusive production in proton-air
      collisions in the regime of projectile fragmentation.

PMID- 9957092
TI  - Modifications in neutrino counting due to additional gauge bosons.

PMID- 9957094
TI  - Nongauge interactions of vector bosons and rare K decays.

PMID- 9957093
TI  - Hyperphoton production in W-boson decay.

PMID- 9957095
TI  - Sum-rule prediction for the masses of L >= 1 levels of quarkonium.

PMID- 9957096
TI  - Explicit mass formulas for heavy mesons and baryons.

PMID- 9957097
TI  - Covariant soliton dynamics: Role of the gluon condensate in hadron spectroscopy.

PMID- 9957098
TI  - Inelastic photoproduction of charged vector bosons.

PMID- 9957099
TI  - Erratum: Symmetry-breaking patterns in QCD with 27 scalars

PMID- 9957100
TI  - Truncation of the operator-product expansion for the langleqq-bar>-condensate
      component of the quark mass.

PMID- 9957101
TI  - Supersymmetric inflationary cosmology.

PMID- 9957102
TI  - Gauge-invariant perturbations in anisotropic homogeneous cosmological models.

PMID- 9957103
TI  - Cosmological models in Barker's theory of gravitation.

PMID- 9957104
TI  - Evolution of cosmic strings. II.

PMID- 9957106
TI  - Multipole moments for stationary, non-asymptotically-flat systems in general
      relativity.

PMID- 9957105
TI  - Cylindrical waves and cosmic strings of Petrov type D.

PMID- 9957107
TI  - Distorted black holes in terms of multipole moments.

PMID- 9957108
TI  - Metric elasticity in a collapsing star: Gravitational radiation coupled to
      torsional motion.

PMID- 9957109
TI  - Motion of gravitationally interacting particles in Born-Infeld electrodynamics.

PMID- 9957111
TI  - Five-dimensional quantum gravity and the residual length.

PMID- 9957110
TI  - Homogeneous cosmos of Weyssenhoff fluid in Einstein-Cartan space.

PMID- 9957112
TI  - Graviton propagator in de Sitter space.

PMID- 9957113
TI  - Weak and strong quantum vacuum: Properties of the different vacua.

PMID- 9957114
TI  - Quantum vacuum definition for spin-(1/2) fields in Robertson-Walker metrics.

PMID- 9957116
TI  - Bound-state solutions, invariant scalar products, and conserved currents for a
      class of two-body relativistic systems.

PMID- 9957115
TI  - Hadamard and minimal renormalizations.

PMID- 9957117
TI  - Repeated measurements in stochastic mechanics.

PMID- 9957118
TI  - Action principle and quantization of gauge fields.

PMID- 9957119
TI  - Sugawara-Sommerfield construction for some interacting two-dimensional field
      theories.

PMID- 9957120
TI  - Strings in background fields: beta functions and vertex operators.

PMID- 9957121
TI  - Supersymmetric ten-dimensional low-energy limit of superstring theory.

PMID- 9957122
TI  - String theory in four dimensions with three families of chiral fermions and
      standard gauge symmetry.

PMID- 9957123
TI  - Covariant interacting string field theory in the Fock-space representation.

PMID- 9957125
TI  - Topological solitons and compactified bosonic string.

PMID- 9957124
TI  - Classification of closed-fermionic-string models.

PMID- 9957126
TI  - Classical dynamics of strings with rigidity.

PMID- 9957127
TI  - Cosmological baryon production in spontaneous-CP-violating models without strong
      CP problem.

PMID- 9957128
TI  - Quantum dynamics in a time-dependent variational approximation.

PMID- 9957129
TI  - Yang-Mills theory in the light-cone gauge in the Becchi-Rouet-Stora formalism.

PMID- 9957130
TI  - Regularization schemes for stochastic quantization.

PMID- 9957132
TI  - Ghostless Feynman rules in non-Abelian gauge theories.

PMID- 9957131
TI  - Monopoles in topologically massive gauge theories.

PMID- 9957134
TI  - Relative charge distributions for quarks in lattice mesons.

PMID- 9957133
TI  - Propagation properties and condensate formation of the confined Yang-Mills field.

PMID- 9957135
TI  - Large-N two-dimensional QCD and chiral symmetry.

PMID- 9957136
TI  - Static quark potential according to the dual-superconductor picture of QCD.

PMID- 9957138
TI  - Supersymmetric effective action in three dimensions.

PMID- 9957137
TI  - Non-Abelian Debye screening. II. The singlet potential.

PMID- 9957139
TI  - Equivalence between the Thirring model and a derivative-coupling model.

PMID- 9957140
TI  - Stability of chiral-symmetry-breaking solutions in QCD-like theories.

PMID- 9957141
TI  - Constraint on 't Hooft indices in preon models with complementarity.

PMID- 9957142
TI  - Comments on a class of similarity solutions of Einstein's equations relevant to
      the early Universe.

PMID- 9957143
TI  - Comment on axion emission rates in stars.

PMID- 9957144
TI  - Comment on "Torsion and chiral fermions in Kaluza-Klein theories"

PMID- 9957145
TI  - Erratum: Factorization of the Drell-Yan cross section in perturbation theory

PMID- 9957147
TI  - Erratum: Time-dependent perturbation theory for quaternionic quantum mechanics,
      with application to CP nonconservation in K-meson decays

PMID- 9957146
TI  - Erratum: Feynman path integral and the interaction picture

PMID- 9957148
TI  - Bounds on the validity of Newton's gravitational law from electromagnetic solar
      deflection.

PMID- 9957149
TI  - Slowly rotating charged fluid spheres in general relativity.

PMID- 9957150
TI  - Cylindrical gravitational waves with two degrees of freedom: An exact solution.

PMID- 9957152
TI  - Anisotropic fluids with multifluid components.

PMID- 9957151
TI  - Stability of the Schwarzschild black hole in Brans-Dicke theory.

PMID- 9957153
TI  - Lagrangian dynamics of particles and fluids with intrinsic spin in Einstein
      Cartan space-time.

PMID- 9957155
TI  - Kerr black hole as a gravitational lens.

PMID- 9957154
TI  - Hamiltonian analysis of extra gauge symmetries in an R+T2 theory of gravity.

PMID- 9957157
TI  - Spectral decomposition of the perturbation response of the Schwarzschild
      geometry.

PMID- 9957156
TI  - Quantum source of entropy for black holes.

PMID- 9957158
TI  - Colliding plane waves in N=1 classical supergravity.

PMID- 9957159
TI  - Large-scale microwave background fluctuations: Gauge-invariant formalism.

PMID- 9957160
TI  - Symmetry and variational methods in higher-dimensional theories.

PMID- 9957162
TI  - One- and two-photon Compton scattering in strong magnetic fields.

PMID- 9957161
TI  - Cosmic string networks.

PMID- 9957163
TI  - Classical extended charge subjected to linear forces and Rayleigh-Jeans
      radiation.

PMID- 9957164
TI  - A generalization of stochastic mechanics and its relation to quantum mechanics.

PMID- 9957165
TI  - Unified dynamics for microscopic and macroscopic systems.

PMID- 9957166
TI  - Minkowski stochastic quantization.

PMID- 9957167
TI  - Observer-dependent quantum vacua in curved space.

PMID- 9957169
TI  - Path-integral formulation of real-time finite-temperature field theory.

PMID- 9957168
TI  - Mass perturbation in the Thirring model.

PMID- 9957170
TI  - Chiral anomalies, nonminimal couplings, and Kaluza-Klein theory.

PMID- 9957171
TI  - Conformal superalgebras, massless representations, and hidden symmetries.

PMID- 9957172
TI  - Superconformal anomalies from the path-integral measure.

PMID- 9957173
TI  - Fierz identities and invariance of 11-dimensional supergravity action.

PMID- 9957174
TI  - Supersymmetrization of N=1 ten-dimensional supergravity with Lorentz Chern-Simons
      term.

PMID- 9957175
TI  - Stochastic quantization and the tunneling problem.

PMID- 9957176
TI  - Levinson's theorem for the Klein-Gordon equation.

PMID- 9957178
TI  - Extension of the gauge technique to broken symmetry and finite temperature.

PMID- 9957177
TI  - Wess-Zumino action from the Grammer-Yennie approximation.

PMID- 9957179
TI  - Quantum dynamics of chiral fermions in a model with anomalous breaking of gauge
      invariance.

PMID- 9957180
TI  - Complex Langevin equations and lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9957181
TI  - Lattice meson electric form factor using Wilson fermions.

PMID- 9957183
TI  - Preregularization and the structure of loop-momentum ambiguities within quantum
      corrections to the supercurrent.

PMID- 9957182
TI  - Induced quantum numbers in (2+1)-dimensional QED.

PMID- 9957184
TI  - Pseudo-Goldstone bosons in curved space-time.

PMID- 9957186
TI  - Stability of the minimum solitary wave of a nonlinear spinorial model.

PMID- 9957185
TI  - Stability under dilations of nonlinear spinor fields.

PMID- 9957187
TI  - Birkhoff's theorem in a new scalar-tensor theory.

PMID- 9957188
TI  - Massless fermions and (2+1)-dimensional gravitational effective action.

PMID- 9957189
TI  - Consistency problems for Kahler supergravity.

PMID- 9957190
TI  - O(2) string theory with a Wess-Zumino term.

PMID- 9957192
TI  - Role of nonperturbative field configurations in phase transitions.

PMID- 9957191
TI  - Mean-field renormalization-group technique for ZN gauge theories.

PMID- 9957193
TI  - Response to "Role of nonperturbative field configurations in phase transitions."

PMID- 9957194
TI  - Erratum: Isotropization and homogenization of an anisotropic and inhomogeneous
      cosmological model during the inflationary era

PMID- 9957195
TI  - Successive symmetry breaking of a compact Lie group by a single irreducible
      multiplet of Higgs bosons.

PMID- 9957196
TI  - Field theory of paths with a curvature-dependent term.

PMID- 9957197
TI  - Anomalies in conservation laws in the Hamiltonian formalism.

PMID- 9957199
TI  - Dependence of average characteristics of pi - mesons on number of interacting
      protons in nucleus-nucleus collisions at 4.2 GeV/c per nucleon.

PMID- 9957200
TI  - Heavy cosmic rays at sea level.

PMID- 9957198
TI  - Study of hadron and inclusive muon production from e+e- annihilation at 39.79 <=
      sqrt s <= 46.78 GeV.

PMID- 9957201
TI  - Observation of phiK pi decay of the K

PMID- 9957202
TI  - Charmonium spectroscopy from inclusive psi ' and J/ psi radiative decays.

PMID- 9957204
TI  - Polarized-e+/-p scattering in a supersymmetric electroweak model.

PMID- 9957203
TI  - Electron magnetic moment from geonium spectra: Early experiments and background
      concepts.

PMID- 9957205
TI  - Photon plus missing energy in polarized e- and e+ collisions.

PMID- 9957206
TI  - Towards an unambiguous determination of the structure of the hadronic neutral
      current.

PMID- 9957207
TI  - Factorization at low x.

PMID- 9957208
TI  - Heavy-lepton production via vector-boson fusion.

PMID- 9957209
TI  - Simple model for nuclear stopping power.

PMID- 9957210
TI  - Strangeness production in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. I. Chemical
      kinetics in the quark-gluon plasma.

PMID- 9957211
TI  - Studies of the hydrodynamic evolution of matter produced in fluctuations in p
      barp collisions and in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9957212
TI  - Transverse-flow effects in dilepton emission.

PMID- 9957213
TI  - Interactions of atmospheric neutrinos in nuclei at low energy.

PMID- 9957214
TI  - Overcoming a critical background to Higgs-boson detection.

PMID- 9957216
TI  - Axion mass limits may be improved by pulsar x-ray measurements.

PMID- 9957215
TI  - Hyperon decays and CP nonconservation.

PMID- 9957217
TI  - Chiral quark-meson model of N and Delta with vector mesons.

PMID- 9957218
TI  - Phenomenological analysis of an SO(10) model for lepton-mixing angles and
      Majorana neutrino masses.

PMID- 9957219
TI  - Electromagnetism in a gauged chiral model.

PMID- 9957220
TI  - Strongly coupled standard model.

PMID- 9957221
TI  - Probing the three-Higgs-boson coupling in heavy-quarkonium decays.

PMID- 9957223
TI  - New parametrization of the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix.

PMID- 9957222
TI  - rho -parameter shift produced by exotic fermions in E6 theories.

PMID- 9957224
TI  - CP-violating Fritzsch mass matrices.

PMID- 9957225
TI  - Isospin violation in mesons and the constituent-quark masses.

PMID- 9957226
TI  - Search for neutron-antineutron oscillation in 16O nuclei.

PMID- 9957227
TI  - Exclusive radiative Upsilon (1S) decays.

PMID- 9957228
TI  - Limits on the mass of the right-handed Majorana neutrino.

PMID- 9957229
TI  - Stringent low-energy mass constraints in no-scale supergravity.

PMID- 9957231
TI  - Effect of inflation on anisotropic cosmologies.

PMID- 9957230
TI  - Microwave anisotropies from cosmic strings.

PMID- 9957232
TI  - Unstable particles and the large- and small-scale dark-matter problems.

PMID- 9957233
TI  - Microwave-background anisotropy and decaying-cold-particle scenarios.

PMID- 9957234
TI  - Superconducting cosmic strings.

PMID- 9957235
TI  - Probing the origin of large inhomogeneities in inflation using a toy quantum
      mechanical model.

PMID- 9957236
TI  - Particle production in expanding universes with path integrals.

PMID- 9957237
TI  - Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein enhancement of oscillations as a possible solution
      to the solar-neutrino problem.

PMID- 9957239
TI  - Filtering of spacecraft Doppler tracking data and detection of gravitational
      radiation.

PMID- 9957238
TI  - Level crossings in solar-neutrino oscillations.

PMID- 9957240
TI  - Multipole expansions of the general-relativistic gravitational field of the
      external universe.

PMID- 9957241
TI  - Instability of flat space for massive gravitational fields.

PMID- 9957242
TI  - Brans-Dicke theory in general space-time with torsion.

PMID- 9957243
TI  - Generalized geodesic deviation equation.

PMID- 9957244
TI  - How to measure the curvature of space-time.

PMID- 9957245
TI  - Classification of the static vacuum metric with Ricci-flat compactification.

PMID- 9957246
TI  - Test-particle motion in Einstein's unified field theory. III. Magnetic monopoles
      and charged particles.

PMID- 9957247
TI  - Origin of nonunitarity in quantum gravity.

PMID- 9957248
TI  - Two-dimensional superconformal gravity with the local symmetry supergroups
      OSP(1||2) x OSP(2||2) and SP(2) x OSP(2||2).

PMID- 9957249
TI  - Field quantization for accelerated frames in flat and curved space-times.

PMID- 9957250
TI  - Pseudoclassical model of a particle with arbitrary spin.

PMID- 9957252
TI  - Finite quantum field theories.

PMID- 9957251
TI  - Pauli-Villars regularization of the Wess-Zumino model in anti-de Sitter space.

PMID- 9957253
TI  - Supersymmetric quantum mechanics in a first-order Dirac equation.

PMID- 9957255
TI  - Exact solution for the equilibrium problem between radiation and classical
      nonrelativistic extended charges.

PMID- 9957254
TI  - Dirac quantization of the chiral superfield.

PMID- 9957257
TI  - String models with twisted currents.

PMID- 9957256
TI  - Generalized monopole in (4+K)-dimensional Abelian theories.

PMID- 9957258
TI  - N-quantum calculation of dynamical symmetry breaking in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio
      model.

PMID- 9957259
TI  - Variational approach to classical SU2 gauge theory with spherical symmetry.

PMID- 9957260
TI  - Monte Carlo and strong-coupling analysis of the phase structure of an SU(2)
      lattice gauge theory with a mixed action.

PMID- 9957262
TI  - Infrared treatment of higher anomalies and their consequences.

PMID- 9957261
TI  - Structure of Yang-Mills field theory in the framework of many-body
      approximations.

PMID- 9957263
TI  - Removing bag dynamics from chiral bag models: An illustrative example.

PMID- 9957264
TI  - Solutions of the Dirac equation for fermions in Skyrme fields.

PMID- 9957265
TI  - Isoscalar quarks and leptons in an eight-dimensional space.

PMID- 9957266
TI  - Dynamical breakdown of symmetries in three-dimensional QED.

PMID- 9957267
TI  - Stability of solutions to the classical SU(3) Yang-Mills theory with external
      sources.

PMID- 9957269
TI  - Radiative isotropic cosmologies with extra dimensions.

PMID- 9957268
TI  - Hidden chiral symmetry in the presence of mass terms.

PMID- 9957270
TI  - Electromagnetic mass models in general relativity: Lane-Emden-type models.

PMID- 9957271
TI  - Gravitational coupling at finite temperature.

PMID- 9957272
TI  - Higher-dimensional topological-conformal massive gravitinos.

PMID- 9957273
TI  - Compactification of the Chern-Simons term.

PMID- 9957274
TI  - String model with Dirac-Kahler spinors.

PMID- 9957275
TI  - Absence of leading divergence in the parity-odd one-loop amplitude of type-I
      SO(32) superstring theory.

PMID- 9957276
TI  - Accelerated monopole detector in odd spacetime dimensions.

PMID- 9957277
TI  - Sextic-oscillator puzzle and its solution.

PMID- 9957278
TI  - Comment on the finite-temperature behavior of lambda ( phi

PMID- 9957279
TI  - Comment on the gauging of Dirac-Kahler fermions on lattices.

PMID- 9957280
TI  - Reply to "Comment on the gauging of Dirac-Kahler fermions on lattices."

PMID- 9957281
TI  - Erratum: Factorization of soft and collinear divergences in QCD in the Feynman
      gauge via a background field gauge

PMID- 9957282
TI  - Erratum: Singularity-free cosmology: A simple model

PMID- 9957283
TI  - Phase transition induced by cosmic strings.

PMID- 9957285
TI  - Inconsistency of collective-coordinate quantization of large systems.

PMID- 9957284
TI  - Limits on hypothesizing new quantum numbers.

PMID- 9957286
TI  - Strange-particle production in neutrino-neon charged-current interactions.

PMID- 9957287
TI  - Measurement of the nucleon structure function in iron using 215- and 93-GeV
      muons.

PMID- 9957288
TI  - Relativistic Fermi motion and nuclear structure functions.

PMID- 9957289
TI  - Asymmetries at e+e- colliders from E6 grand unified theories.

PMID- 9957291
TI  - Axion bremsstrahlung by an electron beam.

PMID- 9957290
TI  - Invariant amplitudes for qq-barg final states in e+-e- annihilation.

PMID- 9957292
TI  - Electromagnetic production of spinless neutral particles in heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9957294
TI  - Isobar-width effects in the coupling of nucleon to isobar channels.

PMID- 9957293
TI  - Six-quark resonance structures in nucleon-nucleon scattering.

PMID- 9957296
TI  - Depth-intensity relation for large depths in sea water derived from the primary
      cosmic-ray energy spectrum.

PMID- 9957295
TI  - Prospects for supersymmetry at the Fermilab collider.

PMID- 9957297
TI  - Testing the quark-exchange contribution to the nuclear force in K-p atoms.

PMID- 9957298
TI  - B-meson decays without charmed particles in the final state.

PMID- 9957299
TI  - QCD corrections for semiphenomenological treatment of heavy-quark decay.

PMID- 9957300
TI  - Weinberg CP-violation model revisited.

PMID- 9957301
TI  - Time-dependent CP-violation effects in B0-B-bar 0 systems.

PMID- 9957302
TI  - Radiative decays of 1(-) quarkonia to )+/-, 1(+), 2(+/-) states.

PMID- 9957303
TI  - QED between conducting plates: Corrections to radiative mass and g-2.

PMID- 9957305
TI  - Right-handed neutrinos in scalar leptonic interactions.

PMID- 9957306
TI  - Terrestrially enhanced neutrino oscillations.

PMID- 9957304
TI  - Phenomenology of exotic particles in E6 theories.

PMID- 9957308
TI  - Stech mass matrix with fourth-generation quarks.

PMID- 9957307
TI  - Quantum-chromodynamic evolution of six-quark states.

PMID- 9957310
TI  - Electroweak form factors of the Skyrmion.

PMID- 9957309
TI  - Nucleon axial-vector form factor in perturbative QCD.

PMID- 9957311
TI  - Chiral-invariant color dielectric model of the nucleon.

PMID- 9957312
TI  - Dynamical source of mass splitting in an SU(3) bag model.

PMID- 9957313
TI  - Anomalous magnetic moment of electron and constraint on composite weak
      interaction bosons.

PMID- 9957315
TI  - Extra gauge bosons in E6.

PMID- 9957314
TI  - Framework for composite vector bosons: The stable-particle case.

PMID- 9957316
TI  - Signatures for technicolor.

PMID- 9957317
TI  - Survey of a new class of models of CP violation.

PMID- 9957318
TI  - Size and shape of the interacting Skyrmion.

PMID- 9957319
TI  - Constant chromomagnetic field in the soliton bag model.

PMID- 9957320
TI  - Description of the gluon condensate.

PMID- 9957322
TI  - Economical unification of three families in SO(18).

PMID- 9957321
TI  - Remarks on dynamical breaking of chiral symmetry and pion properties in the Nambu
      and Jona-Lasinio model.

PMID- 9957323
TI  - Quark and lepton generation in the geometrical rishon model.

PMID- 9957324
TI  - Search for exclusive J/ psi production.

PMID- 9957325
TI  - Implications of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray spectrum observed by the Fly's
      Eye detector.

PMID- 9957326
TI  - On Primakoff production of Sigma 0 hyperons.

PMID- 9957327
TI  - Tests for the mechanism of hadronic decays of heavy quarkonia.

PMID- 9957328
TI  - Do results from lattice gauge theories distinguish between different
      fragmentation models?

PMID- 9957329
TI  - Testing for light Higgs particles.

PMID- 9957330
TI  - Note on baryon masses in the Skyrme model.

PMID- 9957332
TI  - Neutrino mass and baryon-number nonconservation in superstring models.

PMID- 9957331
TI  - Fine structure of quarkonium in the covariant harmonic-oscillator quark model.

PMID- 9957334
TI  - Scaling behavior of the heavy-quark potential.

PMID- 9957333
TI  - Flux-tube model of quark deconfinement at high temperature.

PMID- 9957335
TI  - Forward-backward asymmetries for e+e--->Z0-->b-barb,t-bart and physics beyond the
      standard model.

PMID- 9957336
TI  - Absolute minima and their stability in a new class of SO(10) models.

PMID- 9957337
TI  - Large-scale anisotropy of the cosmic background radiation in Friedmann universes.

PMID- 9957338
TI  - Quantum propagation near black holes.

PMID- 9957339
TI  - Gravitational entropy: Beyond the black hole.

PMID- 9957340
TI  - Wave effects in gravitational lensing of electromagnetic radiation.

PMID- 9957341
TI  - Bubble growth and droplet decay in the quark-hadron phase transition in the early
      Universe.

PMID- 9957342
TI  - Classical cosmologies from ten-dimensional supergravity.

PMID- 9957344
TI  - Gravity as the limit of the type-II superstring theory.

PMID- 9957343
TI  - Five-dimensional gravitational super Chern-Simons terms.

PMID- 9957346
TI  - Hamiltonian quantization of SL(2,C) gauge theory.

PMID- 9957345
TI  - Relativistic scattering coherence.

PMID- 9957347
TI  - Consistency of Hamiltonian diagonalization for field theories in a Robertson
      Walker background.

PMID- 9957348
TI  - Photon propagators and the definition and approximation of renormalized stress
      tensors in curved space-time.

PMID- 9957349
TI  - Supersymmetry in curved space.

PMID- 9957350
TI  - Covariant-derivative expansion of the effective action and the Schwinger-Fock
      gauge condition.

PMID- 9957352
TI  - Measurement process in relativistic quantum theory.

PMID- 9957353
TI  - Integrability properties of symmetric-space fields reduced from axially symmetric
      Einstein and Yang-Mills equations.

PMID- 9957351
TI  - Finite-temperature instability for compactification.

PMID- 9957354
TI  - Probing a nonperturbative method on the S matrix of the nonlinear Schrodinger
      model in the strong-coupling regime.

PMID- 9957355
TI  - Lorentz invariance and the composite string.

PMID- 9957356
TI  - Large-order shifted 1/N expansions.

PMID- 9957357
TI  - Mass of the sine-Gordon soliton in the Hartree approximation.

PMID- 9957358
TI  - Dynamical aspects of the minimal realization of the composite Nambu-Goldstone
      superfield.

PMID- 9957360
TI  - Bound states and asymptotically free quarks.

PMID- 9957359
TI  - Phase transition in a supersymmetric theory.

PMID- 9957362
TI  - Systematic search of Abelian gauge theories.

PMID- 9957361
TI  - Time-dependent perturbation theory for quaternionic quantum mechanics, with
      application to CP nonconservation in K-meson decays.

PMID- 9957363
TI  - New elliptic solutions of the Euclidean SU(2) gauge theory.

PMID- 9957364
TI  - Interaction between solitons in gauge theories.

PMID- 9957365
TI  - Simplicial pseudorandom lattice study of a three-dimensional Abelian gauge model,
      the regular lattice as an extremum of the action.

PMID- 9957367
TI  - Back reaction of evaporating black holes in the presence of inflation.

PMID- 9957366
TI  - Low-energy meson action from QCD: Extended Skyrme model.

PMID- 9957369
TI  - Probing the structure of the galactic halo with gamma rays produced by
      annihilations of weakly interacting massive particles.

PMID- 9957368
TI  - Vacuum fluctuations outside cosmic strings.

PMID- 9957370
TI  - Induced angular momentum on superconducting cosmic strings.

PMID- 9957371
TI  - Supersymmetry and reflective boundary conditions in anti-de Sitter spaces.

PMID- 9957373
TI  - Comment on "Time variation of fundamental constants, primordial nucleosynthesis,
      and the size of extra dimensions."

PMID- 9957372
TI  - Exact parapositroniumlike solution to two-body Dirac equations.

PMID- 9957374
TI  - Erratum: Parallelizing Torsion and Anomalies

PMID- 9957375
TI  - Charged-D-meson production in e+e- annihilation at sqrt s =29 GeV.

PMID- 9957376
TI  - Inclusive Lambda 0 polarization in proton-nucleus collisions at 12 GeV.

PMID- 9957377
TI  - Spin-parity analysis of p-barp-->E(1420)X.

PMID- 9957379
TI  - pi N, KN, and K-barN scattering: Skyrme model versus experiment.

PMID- 9957378
TI  - Search for right-handed currents in muon decay.

PMID- 9957380
TI  - Koba-Nielsen-Olesen scaling, its violation, and the structure of hadrons.

PMID- 9957381
TI  - Radiative angular distributions from cc-bar states directly produced by pp-bar
      annihilation.

PMID- 9957382
TI  - Strangeness production in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. II. Evolution
      of flavor composition in scaling hydrodynamics.

PMID- 9957383
TI  - Particle physics with cosmic accelerators.

PMID- 9957384
TI  - The process pi 0-->ee-bar gamma revisited.

PMID- 9957386
TI  - Analysis of radiative tau decays.

PMID- 9957385
TI  - Right-handed currents produced by mixing in E6 theories.

PMID- 9957388
TI  - Electromagnetic form factors and static properties of the nucleon in a
      relativistic potential model of independent quarks with chiral symmetry.

PMID- 9957387
TI  - Inverse beta - decay of 40Ar: A new approach for observing MeV neutrinos from
      laboratory and astrophysical sources.

PMID- 9957389
TI  - QCD-based relativistic Hartree-Fock calculations for identical quarks.

PMID- 9957390
TI  - Effects of core motion on static properties of the nucleon.

PMID- 9957391
TI  - Direct calculation of the six-gluon subprocess.

PMID- 9957392
TI  - Method of analytic continuation by duality in QCD: Beyond QCD sum rules.

PMID- 9957394
TI  - Low-energy phenomenology of a realistic composite model.

PMID- 9957393
TI  - Phase structure of the fermionic system in the SU(2) x SU(2) chiral sigma model.

PMID- 9957395
TI  - Gauge-symmetry and supersymmetry breaking in SUC(4).

PMID- 9957396
TI  - SO(10)V x SU(3)H model.

PMID- 9957398
TI  - Exotic fermions in E6 models and micro-->e gamma.

PMID- 9957397
TI  - Correction to the width of heavy Higgs bosons: An addendum to "Radiative decay of
      heavy Higgs bosons."

PMID- 9957400
TI  - Short-lived axions and kaon decay.

PMID- 9957399
TI  - Limits on exotic fermions from E

PMID- 9957402
TI  - Quarkonium energy splittings in perturbative QCD.

PMID- 9957401
TI  - Center-of-mass corrections in a relativistic potential model.

PMID- 9957403
TI  - New values for neutrino masses in the context of a horizontal model.

PMID- 9957404
TI  - Addendum to "Low-energy phenomenology of some supersymmetric E6-breaking
      patterns."

PMID- 9957405
TI  - Limits on neutrino oscillations in the Fermilab narrow-band beam.

PMID- 9957406
TI  - pi NN form factor in the Skyrme model.

PMID- 9957407
TI  - Effect of interacting particles on primordial nucleosynthesis.

PMID- 9957409
TI  - Simple model for the inflationary expansion of the early Universe.

PMID- 9957408
TI  - Limits on cold-dark-matter candidates from deep underground detectors.

PMID- 9957410
TI  - Gauge freedom of plane-symmetric line elements with semi-plane-symmetric null
      electromagnetic fields.

PMID- 9957412
TI  - Classical repulsive gravity and broken Lorentz symmetry.

PMID- 9957411
TI  - Relativistic effects in local inertial frames.

PMID- 9957414
TI  - Density matrix of the Universe.

PMID- 9957413
TI  - Cosmic strings and black holes.

PMID- 9957415
TI  - Consistency of canonical quantization of gravity and boundary conditions for the
      wave function of the Universe.

PMID- 9957416
TI  - Effective potential for the O(N)-symmetric model in static homogeneous
      spacetimes.

PMID- 9957417
TI  - New contributions to the cosmological constant.

PMID- 9957418
TI  - Hadamard function, stress tensor, and de Sitter space.

PMID- 9957419
TI  - Anomalous but consistent gravity in two dimensions.

PMID- 9957420
TI  - Classical motions from pseudoclassical spin-1/2 particle models.

PMID- 9957421
TI  - A reduction of order two for infinite-order Lagrangians.

PMID- 9957422
TI  - Stochastic representation of arbitrary fermion sectors in supersymmetric quantum
      mechanics on Riemannian manifolds.

PMID- 9957423
TI  - Path integrals in parametrized theories: The free relativistic particle.

PMID- 9957424
TI  - Multiboson Holstein-Primakoff squeezed states for SU(2) and SU(1,1).

PMID- 9957425
TI  - lambda phi4 theory in a time-dependent space-time.

PMID- 9957426
TI  - Harmonic superspace formalism and the consistent chiral anomaly in N=1, d=6
      supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory.

PMID- 9957427
TI  - Algebraic structure of open-string interactions.

PMID- 9957428
TI  - Covariant string field theory.

PMID- 9957429
TI  - Hamiltonian and Lagrangian constraints of the bosonic string.

PMID- 9957430
TI  - Temporal-gauge finite-time Feynman rules and Gauss's law.

PMID- 9957431
TI  - Lattice theories of chiral fermions.

PMID- 9957433
TI  - Monte Carlo renormalization-group study of SU(2) lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9957432
TI  - Numerical study of parity-violating vacuum currents in lattice QED.

PMID- 9957435
TI  - Vacuum structure and the fermion-boson transformation.

PMID- 9957434
TI  - Static screening lengths in the gluon plasma.

PMID- 9957436
TI  - One-loop vertex function in Coulomb-gauge QED.

PMID- 9957437
TI  - Quantum field theories around a large-Z nucleus.

PMID- 9957438
TI  - Charge-exchange and helicity-flip scattering in the field of a 't Hooft-Polyakov
      monopole.

PMID- 9957439
TI  - Gluon mass in the quenched Eguchi-Kawai model.

PMID- 9957440
TI  - Dynamical-mass generation in large-N three-dimensional QED.

PMID- 9957442
TI  - Fermions in the background field of a six-dimensional Abelian monopole.

PMID- 9957441
TI  - Fractional charges induced on monopoles in grand unified theories.

PMID- 9957443
TI  - Comment on "Quantum mechanics of measurements distributed in time. A path
      integral formulation."

PMID- 9957444
TI  - Erratum: Lee-Weinberg bound reexamined

PMID- 9957445
TI  - Regularization of open superstring from orientable closed surface.

PMID- 9957446
TI  - Mixmaster inflation.

PMID- 9957447
TI  - K-meson production by nu micro-deuterium reactions near threshold: Implications
      for nucleon-decay searches.

PMID- 9957448
TI  - Charged-current exclusive pion production in neutrino-deuterium interactions.

PMID- 9957449
TI  - Measurements of double- and triple-spin parameters in pp elastic scattering
      between 440 and 560 MeV.

PMID- 9957450
TI  - Observation of a new structure in the difference between the pp total cross
      sections for antiparallel and parallel longitudinal spin states.

PMID- 9957451
TI  - Inclusive hadronic production cross sections measured in proton-nucleus
      collisions at sqrt s =27.4 GeV.

PMID- 9957452
TI  - Measurement of the D0 and D+ lifetimes.

PMID- 9957454
TI  - Neutrino-oscillation experiments at the Gosgen nuclear power reactor.

PMID- 9957453
TI  - chi b states in exclusive radiative decay of the Upsilon (2S).

PMID- 9957455
TI  - First results from a 1.1-m-diameter superconducting monopole detector.

PMID- 9957456
TI  - Higgs-boson production at or near the Z0 peak in electron-positron annihilation.

PMID- 9957457
TI  - Q2 dependence of exclusive baryon-antibaryon production in photon-photon
      collisions.

PMID- 9957459
TI  - Electromagnetic N- Delta transition at high Q2.

PMID- 9957458
TI  - Forward-backward asymmetry in e+e- annihilation as a probe of new physics from E6
      theories.

PMID- 9957460
TI  - Superclusters and hadronic multiplicity distribution.

PMID- 9957461
TI  - Sub-Poissonian distribution in hadronic processes.

PMID- 9957463
TI  - Signatures of heavy-neutrino production at the CERN collider.

PMID- 9957462
TI  - Trimuon production in pp-bar collisions.

PMID- 9957464
TI  - Jets in expanding quark-gluon plasmas.

PMID- 9957465
TI  - Dilepton emission and the QCD phase transition in ultrarelativistic nuclear
      collisions.

PMID- 9957466
TI  - Studies of the hydrodynamic evolution of matter produced in fluctuations in p
      barp collisions and in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions. II. Transverse
      momentum distributions.

PMID- 9957468
TI  - B-->Kl+l- with four generations: Rates and CP violation.

PMID- 9957467
TI  - One-dimensional hydrodynamics of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9957470
TI  - Neutral hadronic eta ' and eta decays and electromagnetic mixing.

PMID- 9957469
TI  - D0--> phiK-bar0 decay in the algebraic approach to nonleptonic weak decays.

PMID- 9957471
TI  - Two-body hadronic decays of exotic quarks in E6 theories.

PMID- 9957472
TI  - Kobayashi-Maskawa type of hard-CP-violation model with three-generation Majorana
      neutrinos.

PMID- 9957473
TI  - Magnetic moments of the nucleon octet in a relativistic quark model with chiral
      symmetry.

PMID- 9957474
TI  - Baryons in a relativized quark model with chromodynamics.

PMID- 9957475
TI  - The iota (1440), anomalous Ward identities, and topological susceptibility for
      QCD.

PMID- 9957476
TI  - Structure of light meson multiplets and a semirelativistic model.

PMID- 9957477
TI  - Neutrino masses and L parity in E6 superstring models.

PMID- 9957478
TI  - Demibootstrap approach to hadron-spectrum dynamics.

PMID- 9957479
TI  - CP violations and the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix.

PMID- 9957480
TI  - Short- and long-range correlations of produced particles at very high energies.

PMID- 9957481
TI  - Q2 dependence of the European Muon Collaboration effect.

PMID- 9957482
TI  - Z0 and test of sea-quark polarization.

PMID- 9957483
TI  - Production of light pseudoscalar particles in heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9957484
TI  - Bounds for massive neutrinos in the region 1-50 GeV from the micro-e conversion
      experiment.

PMID- 9957485
TI  - Production of E6 heavy leptons at supercollider energies.

PMID- 9957486
TI  - Tests of quantum electrodynamics with two-, three-, and four-photon final states
      from e+e- annihilation at sqrt s =29 GeV.

PMID- 9957487
TI  - Electroweak effects in e+e--->e+e- at sqrt s =29 GeV.

PMID- 9957488
TI  - Inclusive B-meson decays into charm.

PMID- 9957489
TI  - Measurement of the branching fractions of the tau lepton using a tagged sample of
      tau decays.

PMID- 9957490
TI  - Strong-interaction contributions to one-loop leptonic processes.

PMID- 9957491
TI  - Gauge structures beyond the standard model and 100-GeV mass region.

PMID- 9957492
TI  - E6-charged-lepton mixing and its effect in e+e- into two Z0 bosons.

PMID- 9957493
TI  - W-pair production in electron-positron collisions for a rank-5 Wilson-loop-broken
      E6 model.

PMID- 9957494
TI  - Beyond leading-order perturbative QCD corrections to gamma gamma -->M+M- (M=
      pi,K).

PMID- 9957495
TI  - Unified multiplicity scaling in electron-positron and muon-proton collisions.

PMID- 9957496
TI  - On the change of scale observed in nuclear deep-inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9957498
TI  - Bounds on the gKN Sigma 2 coupling constant from positivity and charge-exchange
      data.

PMID- 9957497
TI  - Quark exchange in nuclei and the European Muon Collaboration effect.

PMID- 9957499
TI  - Nucleon-nucleon partial-wave analysis to 1100 MeV.

PMID- 9957501
TI  - Rapidity dependence of multiplicity distributions and reaction mechanisms of
      multiparticle production processes.

PMID- 9957500
TI  - New mechanism for spin effects in large-angle N-N elastic scattering.

PMID- 9957502
TI  - Missing-pT-plus-jets signal for heavy leptons in pp-bar collisions.

PMID- 9957503
TI  - Helicity projection techniques for evaluating cross sections of heavy-fermion
      production and decay via W bosons.

PMID- 9957504
TI  - Pair production of supersymmetric charged Higgs bosons.

PMID- 9957505
TI  - Statistical analysis in new-particle searches.

PMID- 9957506
TI  - Jet-calculus approach including coherence effects.

PMID- 9957507
TI  - Excess-path-length distribution of fast charged particles.

PMID- 9957508
TI  - Effects of heavy subdominantly coupled neutrino mixing on l+ polarization in KL0-
      > pi -l+ nu l decays.

PMID- 9957509
TI  - beta energy spectrum in charged-hyperon semileptonic decays with improved
      radiative corrections.

PMID- 9957510
TI  - Analysis of the decay mechanism of dibaryon resonances.

PMID- 9957511
TI  - Light-quark meson spectrum in the covariant oscillator quark model with one-gluon
      exchange effects.

PMID- 9957513
TI  - Excited weak vector bosons.

PMID- 9957512
TI  - Fritzsch-Stech model in SO(10).

PMID- 9957515
TI  - Cross section for hard processes involving two quarks and four gluons.

PMID- 9957514
TI  - Breaking of some grand unification groups into the electroweak group with an
      extra U(1) factor.

PMID- 9957516
TI  - Evaluation of helicity amplitudes.

PMID- 9957517
TI  - Effective chiral Lagrangian with baryons.

PMID- 9957519
TI  - Symmetry breakings in supersymmetric quantum chromodynamics with Ncolor

PMID- 9957518
TI  - Shock phenomena in baryonless strongly interacting matter.

PMID- 9957520
TI  - Unification of interactions and the constraint on charges in fermion-scalar
      constituent models.

PMID- 9957521
TI  - Adler-Weisberger sum rule and hadronic models.

PMID- 9957523
TI  - Asymmetries in e+e- collisions at the Z0 pole from E6 grand unified theories.

PMID- 9957522
TI  - Search for single electrons from supersymmetric-particle production.

PMID- 9957524
TI  - Connection among different approaches to the European Muon Collaboration effect.

PMID- 9957525
TI  - Direct photon production by pi m beams and the ratio of cross sections by pi -
      and pi +

PMID- 9957526
TI  - Production of gamma gamma pairs in quark-gluon plasma and hadron plasma.

PMID- 9957528
TI  - On the detection of cosmic-background neutrinos by acoustic phonon scattering.

PMID- 9957527
TI  - Limits on millicharged matter from beam-dump experiments.

PMID- 9957529
TI  - Asymptotic flavor symmetry and its implication on tau --> rho nu tau and K nu tau
      branching ratio and ground-state 1(--) meson multiplet.

PMID- 9957530
TI  - Does the proton contain a pointlike diquark?

PMID- 9957531
TI  - Magnetic moments of composite W bosons.

PMID- 9957532
TI  - Erratum: Prospects for supersymmetry at the Fermilab collider

PMID- 9957533
TI  - Erratum: Spin-dependent phenomena induced by electromagnetic-hadronic
      interference at high energies

PMID- 9957534
TI  - Precise measurement of the branching fraction for the decay tau --> nu tau pi.

PMID- 9957535
TI  - Hidden local symmetry versus massive Yang-Mills theory in the nonlinear chiral
      Lagrangian.

PMID- 9957536
TI  - Discontinuity cylinder model of gravitating U(1) cosmic strings.

PMID- 9957537
TI  - Reheating in the higher-derivative inflationary models.

PMID- 9957538
TI  - Gravitational particle creation and inflation.

PMID- 9957539
TI  - Relativistic bubble dynamics: From cosmic inflation to hadronic bags.

PMID- 9957540
TI  - Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect in electron-neutrino scattering experiments.

PMID- 9957541
TI  - Discrete gravity without coordinates.

PMID- 9957542
TI  - Quantization of the "single-point-gravity" Hamiltonian system.

PMID- 9957543
TI  - Semiclassical cosmology with a scalar field.

PMID- 9957544
TI  - Quantum-mechanical noise in an interferometer: Intrinsic uncertainty versus
      measurement uncertainty.

PMID- 9957545
TI  - Regular effective action of gauge field theory and quantum gravity.

PMID- 9957546
TI  - Killing approximation for vacuum and thermal stress-energy tensor in static space
      times.

PMID- 9957547
TI  - (1,0) supergravity and the heterotic string.

PMID- 9957548
TI  - Constraints on nonlinear extensions of the Lorentz group.

PMID- 9957549
TI  - Distinguishing three-body from two-body nonseparability by a Bell-type
      inequality.

PMID- 9957550
TI  - Complementary observables and uncertainty relations.

PMID- 9957551
TI  - Parity-violating anomalies from stochastic quantization.

PMID- 9957552
TI  - Discrete-time quantum mechanics. III. Spin systems.

PMID- 9957554
TI  - Analytical approach to string-induced phase transition.

PMID- 9957553
TI  - Dynamical symmetry breaking in a de Sitter-invariant vacuum.

PMID- 9957555
TI  - Properties of Z2 strings.

PMID- 9957556
TI  - Perturbatively renormalized vertex operator, highest-weight representations of
      Virasoro algebra, and string dynamics in curved space.

PMID- 9957557
TI  - CP violation and Yukawa couplings in superstring models: A four-generation
      example.

PMID- 9957558
TI  - Preon model and cosmological quantum-hyperchromodynamic phase transition.

PMID- 9957559
TI  - Bosonization in the chiral Schwinger model.

PMID- 9957560
TI  - Thermodynamics of the Schwinger and Thirring models.

PMID- 9957561
TI  - Four-dimensional chiral fermions from a six-dimensional Rarita-Schwinger field.

PMID- 9957562
TI  - Generalized point-splitting method and Bjorken-Johnson-Low limit for the
      commutator anomaly.

PMID- 9957563
TI  - Effective potential in scalar field theory.

PMID- 9957564
TI  - Gauge theories on a pseudorandom lattice.

PMID- 9957566
TI  - Flux tubes in lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9957565
TI  - Lattice fermions in the Schwinger model.

PMID- 9957568
TI  - Extended solutions of an SU(2) gauge theory with fermions.

PMID- 9957569
TI  - Non-Abelian bosonization: Current correlation functions.

PMID- 9957570
TI  - Nonperturbative effects in the response of a Yang-Mills system to a strong
      background field.

PMID- 9957567
TI  - Monopole-antimonopole pair solution of the classical SU(3) Yang-Mills theory.

PMID- 9957571
TI  - Quantum effects in a model of cosmological compactification.

PMID- 9957573
TI  - Spinning fluids in general relativity. II. Self-consistent formulation.

PMID- 9957572
TI  - Ages of the Universe for decreasing cosmological constants.

PMID- 9957574
TI  - Effective energy of gravitational solitons.

PMID- 9957575
TI  - Ground state of hydrogen as a zero-point-fluctuation-determined state.

PMID- 9957577
TI  - theta -dependent energy of a particle on a circle.

PMID- 9957578
TI  - Particle-spectrum estimates for the quantum field theory phitt- phixx+(m3/ sqrt
      lambda )sin

PMID- 9957576
TI  - Identical phase-space constraint structure of three-dimensional QED with or
      without the Chern-Simons term.

PMID- 9957579
TI  - Vortices on the string world sheet and constraints on toral compactification.

PMID- 9957580
TI  - Gauge equivalence of two different IAnsaaumlItze Rfor non-Abelian charged
      vortices.

PMID- 9957581
TI  - Supersymmetric calculations of QCD interactions.

PMID- 9957582
TI  - Erratum: Vacuum energy and dilaton tadpole for the unoriented closed bosonic
      string

PMID- 9957583
TI  - Topological mass terms on axion domain walls.

PMID- 9957585
TI  - Two-photon-exchange continuum contribution to elastic lepton-hadron scattering
      amplitudes.

PMID- 9957584
TI  - Search for anomalous particles in high-energy hadron-proton interactions.

PMID- 9957586
TI  - Perturbative QCD predictions for inclusive production of heavy mesons in e+e-
      annihilation.

PMID- 9957587
TI  - Longitudinal-e--beam-polarization asymmetry in e+e--->hadrons.

PMID- 9957588
TI  - Production of a light pseudoscalar particle in two-photon collisions.

PMID- 9957589
TI  - Production of spin-one resonances in gamma gamma collisions.

PMID- 9957590
TI  - Phenomenology of extra E6 neutral gauge bosons in ep collisions.

PMID- 9957591
TI  - Bose-Einstein correlation and two-body final-state interaction of dipion.

PMID- 9957592
TI  - Superheavy-quarkonium production and decays: A new Higgs-boson signal.

PMID- 9957593
TI  - Monte Carlo calculational methods for the generation of events with Bose-Einstein
      correlations.

PMID- 9957594
TI  - Transverse momentum in high-energy nuclear collisions: Collective expansion.

PMID- 9957595
TI  - Radiative corrections to 0+-0+ beta transitions.

PMID- 9957596
TI  - Remarks concerning the O(Z alpha 2) corrections to Fermi decays, conserved-vector
      current predictions, and universality.

PMID- 9957597
TI  - On the possibility of residual S-P interactions and right-handed neutrino
      singlets.

PMID- 9957598
TI  - Three-neutrino oscillations and the solar-neutrino experiments.

PMID- 9957599
TI  - Magnetic moment of Dirac neutrinos.

PMID- 9957600
TI  - Baryon self-energies due to pion-quark coupling.

PMID- 9957601
TI  - CP violation through Higgs-boson exchange in left-right-symmetric models.

PMID- 9957603
TI  - Mass-matrix ansatz and flavor nonconservation in models with multiple Higgs
      doublets.

PMID- 9957602
TI  - Fourth-generation quark masses and Fritzsch mass matrices from Abelian family
      symmetry.

PMID- 9957605
TI  - Induced toroid structures and toroid polarizabilities.

PMID- 9957604
TI  - Probing the desert by the two-loop renormalization-group equations.

PMID- 9957607
TI  - Detecting the radiation amplitude zero in ep-->ep gamma.

PMID- 9957606
TI  - Contemplating the ultimate accelerator.

PMID- 9957608
TI  - Multiplicity, rapidity, and rapidity correlations in 800-GeV proton-nucleus
      interactions.

PMID- 9957609
TI  - Test of the transverse magneticity of the xi (2.23).

PMID- 9957610
TI  - Analysis of charm-->PP based on SU(3) symmetry and final-state interactions.

PMID- 9957611
TI  - New constraints on exotic fermion masses from E6 theories.

PMID- 9957612
TI  - Hadronic form factors of baryons.

PMID- 9957613
TI  - Mass splitting of heavy baryon isospin multiplets.

PMID- 9957614
TI  - Phase transition in a nucleon-antinucleon system.

PMID- 9957615
TI  - Improved upper limit on flavor-changing neutral-current decays of the b quark.

PMID- 9957617
TI  - Tau decays involving the eta meson.

PMID- 9957618
TI  - Superconducting gravity gradiometer for sensitive gravity measurements. I.
      Theory.

PMID- 9957616
TI  - Charged-particle multiplicity and angular distributions in proton-emulsion
      interactions at 800 GeV.

PMID- 9957619
TI  - Superconducting gravity gradiometer for sensitive gravity measurements. II.
      Experiment.

PMID- 9957620
TI  - How reliable are neutrino mass limits derived from SN1987A?

PMID- 9957621
TI  - Neutrino oscillations and the solar-neutrino problem.

PMID- 9957622
TI  - Black-hole normal modes: A WKB approach. I. Foundations and application of a
      higher-order WKB analysis of potential-barrier scattering.

PMID- 9957623
TI  - Black-hole normal modes: A WKB approach. II. Schwarzschild black holes.

PMID- 9957625
TI  - Mini-soliton stars.

PMID- 9957624
TI  - Soliton stars and the critical masses of black holes.

PMID- 9957627
TI  - Fermion soliton stars and black holes.

PMID- 9957626
TI  - Scalar soliton stars and black holes.

PMID- 9957628
TI  - Estimates of the density of dark matter near the center of the Galaxy.

PMID- 9957629
TI  - Texture: A cosmological topological defect.

PMID- 9957631
TI  - Cosmic strings coupled with gravitational and electromagnetic waves.

PMID- 9957630
TI  - Particle creation by a self-coupled scalar field.

PMID- 9957633
TI  - Test-particle motion in the nonsymmetric gravitation theory.

PMID- 9957632
TI  - Linear plane waves in dissipative relativistic fluids.

PMID- 9957634
TI  - Extra gauge symmetries in a weak-field approximation of an R+T2+R2 theory of
      gravity.

PMID- 9957636
TI  - Quantum theory of two-dimensional gravity.

PMID- 9957635
TI  - Fate of singularities in Bianchi type-III quantum cosmology.

PMID- 9957637
TI  - Massless minimally coupled scalar field in de Sitter space.

PMID- 9957638
TI  - Vacuum polarization in the gravitational field of a cosmic string.

PMID- 9957639
TI  - Vacuum stability in rotating spacetimes.

PMID- 9957640
TI  - Functional measure for quantum field theory in curved spacetime.

PMID- 9957641
TI  - Kaluza-Klein ansatz for quadratic-curvature theory. A geometrical way to mass
      hierarchy.

PMID- 9957642
TI  - Unstable compactification in ten-dimensional theories.

PMID- 9957643
TI  - Constrained Hamiltonian formalism for unconstrained classical mechanics.

PMID- 9957644
TI  - Detector inefficiencies in the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment.

PMID- 9957645
TI  - Violation of Einstein causality in a model quantum system.

PMID- 9957646
TI  - Relativistic dynamics and Lorentz contraction.

PMID- 9957647
TI  - On the calculation of phase shifts produced by complex potentials. III.

PMID- 9957649
TI  - Operator regularization with superfields.

PMID- 9957648
TI  - Operator regularization and one-loop Green's functions.

PMID- 9957650
TI  - Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin symmetry, differential geometry, and string field
      theory.

PMID- 9957651
TI  - Vertex operators for closed strings.

PMID- 9957652
TI  - Gauge fixing and Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin transform for strings via moduli.

PMID- 9957653
TI  - Stochastic quantization and random surface approach to Polyakov string theory.

PMID- 9957654
TI  - Free heterotic string field theory.

PMID- 9957655
TI  - Calculating the weak scale in supergravity models.

PMID- 9957656
TI  - Goldstone theorem at finite temperature and density.

PMID- 9957658
TI  - Dimensional regularization and the gamma 5 axial anomaly.

PMID- 9957657
TI  - Effects of the virtual particle number on the S matrix of the ( phi4)1+1 model.

PMID- 9957659
TI  - Mean-field analysis of deconfinement transition in SU(3) with heavy dynamical
      quarks at finite baryon-number density.

PMID- 9957661
TI  - Chiral-symmetry breaking in lattice QCD with two and four fermion flavors.

PMID- 9957660
TI  - Phenomenological lattice model of the high-temperature phase transition in
      quantum chromodynamics.

PMID- 9957662
TI  - Hydrodynamic flow structures and the QCD plasma.

PMID- 9957663
TI  - Chiral asymmetry and the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index for the Dirac operator on a
      four-dimensional ball.

PMID- 9957664
TI  - Nonlinear O'Raifeartaigh model in four dimensions.

PMID- 9957665
TI  - Neutrino oscillations and the Landau-Zener formula.

PMID- 9957666
TI  - Constraints on a vector coupling to baryon number from the Eotvos experiment.

PMID- 9957668
TI  - Origin of external sources for classical Yang-Mills fields.

PMID- 9957667
TI  - Finite-temperature and -density renormalization effects in QED.

PMID- 9957669
TI  - Vacuum charge and induced charge in (2+1)-dimensional space.

PMID- 9957671
TI  - Does the absence of a phase transition in SU(2) and SU(3) lattice gauge theories
      with Wilson action really have anything to do with continuum confinement?

PMID- 9957670
TI  - Attempered renormalization-group scheme for the SU(2)-Higgs model.

PMID- 9957672
TI  - More on sigma -model beta functions and low-energy effective actions.

PMID- 9957673
TI  - Erratum: Schwarzschild radial functions

PMID- 9957674
TI  - Double inflation.

PMID- 9957675
TI  - Inflation with generalized initial conditions.

PMID- 9957676
TI  - Inflation from inhomogeneous initial data in a one-dimensional back-reacting
      cosmology.

PMID- 9957677
TI  - Classical derivation of black-hole entropy.

PMID- 9957678
TI  - Higher-dimensional black holes in compactified space-times.

PMID- 9957680
TI  - Attractor in a superstring model: The Einstein theory, the Friedmann universe,
      and inflation.

PMID- 9957679
TI  - First-order formalism treatment of R+R2 gravity.

PMID- 9957682
TI  - Ultralocal limit of the gravitational field coupled to a scalar field.

PMID- 9957681
TI  - Equivalence between fourth-order theories of gravity and general relativity:
      Possible implications for the cosmological singularity.

PMID- 9957683
TI  - Closed-time-path functional formalism in curved spacetime: Application to
      cosmological back-reaction problems.

PMID- 9957684
TI  - Finite-temperature quantum field theory in curved spacetime: Quasilocal effective
      Lagrangians.

PMID- 9957685
TI  - Effect of transmission through the Earth on neutrino oscillations.

PMID- 9957686
TI  - Quantum field theory in the space-time of a cosmic string.

PMID- 9957687
TI  - Covariant observer-dependent Hamiltonian formalism for the relativistic particle.

PMID- 9957689
TI  - Scalar Casimir energies in M4 >= N for even N.

PMID- 9957688
TI  - Fermion fields in the soliton background of Kaluza-Klein theories.

PMID- 9957691
TI  - Thermal effects of acceleration for a spatially extended electromagnetic system
      in classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation: Transversely positioned
      classical oscillators.

PMID- 9957690
TI  - Zero-point field in a circular-motion frame.

PMID- 9957692
TI  - Structure of a composite system in motion in relativistic quantum mechanics.

PMID- 9957693
TI  - Gauge-invariant actions from constraint Hamiltonian dynamics.

PMID- 9957694
TI  - Consistent factor ordering of constraints may be ambiguous.

PMID- 9957695
TI  - Novel topological invariants and anomalies.

PMID- 9957696
TI  - Complete treatment of effective actions within the Gaussian approximation and
      systematic generalizations.

PMID- 9957697
TI  - Approaching the critical region of two-dimensional phi4 quantum field theory with
      post-Gaussian approximations.

PMID- 9957699
TI  - Dimensional regularization and perturbative solution of the chiral Schwinger
      model.

PMID- 9957698
TI  - Nonperturbative method in field theory: The gauge technique.

PMID- 9957700
TI  - Interacting string field theory and Chern-Simons form.

PMID- 9957701
TI  - On toroidal compactification of heterotic superstrings.

PMID- 9957702
TI  - Vacuum energy and dilaton tadpole for the unoriented closed bosonic string.

PMID- 9957704
TI  - Topologically massive chromodynamics at finite temperature.

PMID- 9957703
TI  - Background-field quantization and the light-cone planar gauge: An exception to
      Kallosh's theorem.

PMID- 9957705
TI  - Renormalized coupling constants by Monte Carlo methods.

PMID- 9957706
TI  - Monte Carlo calculation for the effective couplings of Polyakov loops.

PMID- 9957707
TI  - Effective gauge action on a finite-size lattice.

PMID- 9957708
TI  - Periodic generalizations of static, self-dual SU(2) gauge fields.

PMID- 9957710
TI  - Symmetry breaking induced by charge density and the entropy of interacting
      fields.

PMID- 9957709
TI  - Weyl-Dirac equation for an SU(2) gauge theory with spherical symmetry.

PMID- 9957711
TI  - Fermion guides: A mechanism for spontaneous breakdown of chiral symmetry in QCD.

PMID- 9957712
TI  - Thermodynamic properties of the gluon plasma.

PMID- 9957713
TI  - Gauge theories at finite temperature and chemical potential.

PMID- 9957715
TI  - Space-time Dirac-Kahler spinors.

PMID- 9957714
TI  - Heat-kernel regularization of gauge theory.

PMID- 9957717
TI  - Behavior of coupling constants at high temperature in supersymmetric theories.

PMID- 9957716
TI  - Mass independence of the minimal-subtraction scheme in dimensional
      regularization.

PMID- 9957718
TI  - Stochastic quantization and axial gauges.

PMID- 9957719
TI  - Two important invariant identities.

PMID- 9957720
TI  - Response to "Two important invariant identities"

PMID- 9957721
TI  - Erratum: Meson electric form factor on the lattice

PMID- 9957722
TI  - Chiral hierarchies and chiral perturbations in technicolor theories.

PMID- 9957723
TI  - Virasoro conditions, vertex operators, and string dynamics in curved space.

PMID- 9957724
TI  - Measurement of neutrino-proton and antineutrino-proton elastic scattering.

PMID- 9957725
TI  - Analyzing power and transversity cross sections for pi +p and pi -p elastic
      scattering from 471 to 687 MeV/c.

PMID- 9957727
TI  - Factorization of helicity amplitudes and angular correlations for electroweak
      processes.

PMID- 9957726
TI  - Nucleus-nucleus interactions between 20 and 65 GeV per nucleon.

PMID- 9957728
TI  - Electroweak interference in a new model of b and tau interactions.

PMID- 9957729
TI  - Phenomenology of an extra neutral gauge boson in electron-positron collisions.

PMID- 9957730
TI  - Fermionic next-to-leading-order contributions to the longitudinal structure
      function in QCD.

PMID- 9957732
TI  - Jets produced in association with W and Z bosons.

PMID- 9957731
TI  - Inelasticity and leading-particle effect: Momentum and mass distribution of the
      central fireball in high-energy hadronic interactions.

PMID- 9957733
TI  - On a new low-mass pseudoscalar boson.

PMID- 9957735
TI  - Partial-decay-rate asymmetries of charged bottom mesons and CP violation.

PMID- 9957734
TI  - Radiative corrections to neutrino indices of refraction.

PMID- 9957736
TI  - Meson decays by flux-tube breaking.

PMID- 9957737
TI  - Kobayashi-Maskawa angles and SU(3) breaking in hyperon beta decay.

PMID- 9957739
TI  - xi (2.2): A Lambda Lambda -bar bound state rather than an orbitally excited
      quarkonium state.

PMID- 9957738
TI  - Deuteron electromagnetic form factors in a quark-based model.

PMID- 9957740
TI  - Analysis of gT(2050-2350) as glueball candidate.

PMID- 9957741
TI  - Electromagnetic mass differences of 1/2(+) baryons in quark and Skyrme models.

PMID- 9957742
TI  - On the existence of stable dimesons.

PMID- 9957743
TI  - Light Dirac neutrino in left-right-symmetric models.

PMID- 9957744
TI  - Framework for composite vector bosons. II. The unstable-particle case.

PMID- 9957745
TI  - The vector glueball: An algebraic approach.

PMID- 9957746
TI  - Properties of the dilaton.

PMID- 9957747
TI  - Phenomenology of E

PMID- 9957748
TI  - Quark mass and spin effects in meson wave functions.

PMID- 9957749
TI  - Hadron-hadron interactions with orthogonal lattice-gauge-field configurations. I.
      General outlook.

PMID- 9957750
TI  - Hadron-hadron interactions with orthogonal lattice-gauge-field configurations.
      II. Nucleon-nucleon system.

PMID- 9957751
TI  - Numerical study of a confining color-dielectric soliton model.

PMID- 9957752
TI  - Effective-Lagrangian study of three generations of supersymmetric composite
      quarks and leptons.

PMID- 9957754
TI  - Higgs-boson production via bremsstrahlung from heavy quarks.

PMID- 9957753
TI  - Leading-logarithmic and alpha s corrections to the decay B--> psi X.

PMID- 9957756
TI  - Quark distribution amplitudes for the nucleon from perturbative QCD and QCD sum
      rules.

PMID- 9957755
TI  - Helicity amplitudes of the process J/ psi --> gamma theta in the glueball picture
      of theta(1700).

PMID- 9957757
TI  - Comments on "Burning of baryon-rich quark-gluon plasmas"

PMID- 9957758
TI  - Reply to "Comments on 'Burning of baryon-rich quark-gluon plasmas' "

PMID- 9957759
TI  - Erratum: 1/N expansion (N=number of generations) and mass hierarchy of charged
      fermions in composite model for leptons, quarks, and Higgs mesons

PMID- 9957761
TI  - Supersymmetry signals in leptonic decays of W and Z bosons.

PMID- 9957760
TI  - Search for magnetically charged particles produced in e+e- annihilations at sqrt
      s =10.6 GeV.

PMID- 9957762
TI  - New bound on the anomalous magnetic moment of the W boson.

PMID- 9957763
TI  - Evolution of the constraint equations in general relativity.

PMID- 9957764
TI  - Fermions in quantum cosmology.

PMID- 9957765
TI  - Effect of dynamical friction on the motion of cosmic strings.

PMID- 9957766
TI  - Evolution of cosmic networks.

PMID- 9957768
TI  - Fractal geometry of cosmic strings and correlations among galaxies and Abell
      clusters.

PMID- 9957767
TI  - Radiation of Goldstone bosons from cosmic strings.

PMID- 9957769
TI  - Is inflation natural?

PMID- 9957771
TI  - Can black holes nucleate vacuum phase transitions?

PMID- 9957770
TI  - Cosmological baryon diffusion and nucleosynthesis.

PMID- 9957773
TI  - Cartan's contortion as a pair of massless spin-2 fields.

PMID- 9957772
TI  - Surface geometry of a Kerr-Newman black hole.

PMID- 9957774
TI  - Inflation in a Bianchi type-I Einstein-Cartan cosmological model.

PMID- 9957775
TI  - Equation-of-state spinning fluids in the Einstein-Cartan theory.

PMID- 9957776
TI  - Geometric interpretation of a Yang-Mills theory for gravity.

PMID- 9957777
TI  - Poincare, de Sitter, and conformal gravity on the lattice.

PMID- 9957778
TI  - Intermediate-range forces and stellar structure.

PMID- 9957779
TI  - Anisotropy damping and particle production at finite temperature.

PMID- 9957780
TI  - Lorentz equations of motion and a theory of connections in a principal bundle.

PMID- 9957782
TI  - Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation theory for the anharmonic oscillator.

PMID- 9957781
TI  - Geometrical unified theory of connection fields and frame fields.

PMID- 9957783
TI  - Non-Gaussian multiphoton squeezed states.

PMID- 9957784
TI  - Squeezed and coherent states of fractional photons.

PMID- 9957785
TI  - Calculations with supersymmetric potentials.

PMID- 9957786
TI  - Flat-space singletons.

PMID- 9957787
TI  - Gauge and gravitational anomalies in two dimensions.

PMID- 9957789
TI  - Effective generating functions for quantum canonical transformations.

PMID- 9957788
TI  - Quantum inverse problem for an extended derivative nonlinear Schrodinger system.

PMID- 9957791
TI  - Covariant equations of motion for the string field and the consistency of the
      conformal algebra.

PMID- 9957790
TI  - Radiative generation of a mass term in anti-de Sitter supersymmetry.

PMID- 9957792
TI  - Covariant string field theory. II.

PMID- 9957793
TI  - Loop amplitudes in covariant string field theory.

PMID- 9957794
TI  - Parity violation in type-I superstring graviton exchange.

PMID- 9957795
TI  - Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin quantization of superconformal theories.

PMID- 9957796
TI  - Low-energy effective Lagrangian of heterotic string theory.

PMID- 9957797
TI  - Adiabatic resonant oscillations of solar neutrinos in three generations.

PMID- 9957798
TI  - Two-dimensional quantum field theory

PMID- 9957799
TI  - Instantons with noise. II. Supersymmetric sigma models.

PMID- 9957800
TI  - Physical look at vacuum fermionic charge.

PMID- 9957801
TI  - Structure of the perturbative chiral anomaly in the light-cone gauge.

PMID- 9957802
TI  - Lattice fermions and non-Abelian anomaly.

PMID- 9957803
TI  - Study of chiral symmetry in lattice QCD at finite temperature and baryon density
      in the strong-coupling limit.

PMID- 9957805
TI  - Correlation length and susceptibility near the SU(2) deconfining phase
      transition.

PMID- 9957804
TI  - Strong-coupling analysis of the critical dimensionality of space-time in SU(2)
      lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9957806
TI  - Species doubling and transfer matrices for fermionic fields.

PMID- 9957807
TI  - Localized instanton in four dimensions.

PMID- 9957808
TI  - Nonperturbative approach to Yang-Mills theories in the continuum. I. Strong
      coupling confinement.

PMID- 9957809
TI  - Nonperturbative approach to Yang-Mills theories in the continuum. II.
      Considerations away from strong coupling.

PMID- 9957810
TI  - Discretized light-cone quantization: The massless and the massive Schwinger
      model.

PMID- 9957811
TI  - Absence of anomaly in the compactified superstring theory in every even
      dimension.

PMID- 9957812
TI  - Instability of the static solution to the closed string with rigidity.

PMID- 9957813
TI  - The D-->-

PMID- 9957814
TI  - N=2 supersymmetric sigma models and infrared divergences.

PMID- 9957815
TI  - Possible phase transition of fractional spin in the O(3) sigma model.

PMID- 9957816
TI  - Renormalized Coulomb-gauge self-energy function.

PMID- 9957817
TI  - Pseudo-Dirac solar neutrinos?

PMID- 9957819
TI  - Birkhoff's theorem for electromagnetic fields in a new scalar-tensor theory.

PMID- 9957818
TI  - Strengths of singularities in Vaidya spacetimes.

PMID- 9957820
TI  - Erratum: Fierz identities and invariance of 11-dimensional supergravity action

PMID- 9957821
TI  - Search for charmed mesons produced in hadronic interactions.

PMID- 9957823
TI  - Incoherent mixing of neutrinos and nu e scattering.

PMID- 9957822
TI  - Measurement of tau branching ratios.

PMID- 9957825
TI  - Pion photoproduction and Compton scattering in the cloudy bag model.

PMID- 9957824
TI  - Structure functions in supersymmetric quantum chromodynamics.

PMID- 9957826
TI  - Large-pT photon plus opposite-side jet events and the gluon distribution in the
      nucleon.

PMID- 9957827
TI  - Two opposite-side large-pT photons in perturbative QCD.

PMID- 9957828
TI  - Gauginos as a signal for supersymmetry at pp-bar colliders.

PMID- 9957829
TI  - Transverse-momentum signatures for heavy Higgs bosons.

PMID- 9957830
TI  - Meson dynamics beyond the quark model: Study of final-state interactions.

PMID- 9957832
TI  - Spin interactions in the flux-tube model and hybrid meson masses.

PMID- 9957831
TI  - Zeros in the nucleon form factors and the quark model.

PMID- 9957833
TI  - Constraint on additional neutral gauge bosons from electroweak radiative
      corrections.

PMID- 9957834
TI  - Speculations on fermion mass relationships.

PMID- 9957835
TI  - Parametrization of the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix and CP violation.

PMID- 9957836
TI  - Matrix representation of symmetries in flavor space, invariant functions of mass
      matrices, and applications.

PMID- 9957837
TI  - Semiclassical Skyrmion equation of motion.

PMID- 9957838
TI  - Magnetic moment and form factors of a composite system in a solvable potential
      model.

PMID- 9957839
TI  - Examining the P matrix.

PMID- 9957840
TI  - Analysis and interpretation of a large body of 76Ge zero-neutrino double- beta 
      decay data.

PMID- 9957841
TI  - Off-diagonal neutral currents.

PMID- 9957842
TI  - Momentum-transfer dependence of the elastic-amplitude phase in high-energy hadron
      scattering.

PMID- 9957844
TI  - On the two-photon-exchange contribution to pi 0-->e+e- gamma.

PMID- 9957843
TI  - Pseudoscalar decay constants fF and fD from exclusive B decays.

PMID- 9957846
TI  - Mixing of quark flavors.

PMID- 9957845
TI  - K0 K-bar 0 transitions in matter.

PMID- 9957847
TI  - Nonsingular quarkonium potential.

PMID- 9957848
TI  - Lorentz nature of quark confinement.

PMID- 9957849
TI  - Erratum: Extra fermions in E6 superstring theories

PMID- 9957850
TI  - Dynamics of false-vacuum bubbles.

PMID- 9957851
TI  - Gravity of cosmic loops.

PMID- 9957852
TI  - Entropy generation in cosmological particle creation and interactions: A
      statistical subdynamics analysis.

PMID- 9957853
TI  - Back-reaction calculation of quantum fields in curved spacetime with arbitrary
      curvature coupling.

PMID- 9957855
TI  - Vortices in stationary axisymmetric spacetimes.

PMID- 9957854
TI  - Generalized Kerr-Schild metric for a massless particle on the Reissner-Nordstrom
      horizon.

PMID- 9957856
TI  - Observational limits on the time evolution of extra spatial dimensions.

PMID- 9957857
TI  - Tachyonic compactification.

PMID- 9957858
TI  - Quantum mechanics of measurements distributed in time. II. Connections among
      formulations.

PMID- 9957860
TI  - Nonstandard expansion techniques for the effective potential in lambda phi4
      quantum field theory.

PMID- 9957859
TI  - New approach for calculating the normally ordered form of squeeze operators.

PMID- 9957861
TI  - Supercurrents and superconformal symmetry.

PMID- 9957862
TI  - Inverse scattering method and n-step superpotential for axially symmetric, static
      solutions of sigma models.

PMID- 9957865
TI  - Topological solitons in gauged nonlinear sigma models.

PMID- 9957863
TI  - Renormalization and radiative corrections at finite temperature reexamined.

PMID- 9957864
TI  - Spinor loop anomalies with very general local fermion Lagrangians.

PMID- 9957866
TI  - Skyrme-model Lagrangian in quantum mechanics: SU(2) case.

PMID- 9957867
TI  - Parity-violating one-loop six-point function in type-I superstring theory.

PMID- 9957868
TI  - Strings in curved space-time: Virasoro algebra in the classical and quantum
      theory.

PMID- 9957869
TI  - The quasiopen string.

PMID- 9957870
TI  - Bifurcation of the quark self-energy: Infrared and ultraviolet cutoffs.

PMID- 9957871
TI  - Application of guided random walks to U(1)2 Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9957872
TI  - Numerical study of the lattice massive Schwinger model using a fast fermion Monte
      Carlo algorithm.

PMID- 9957874
TI  - Monte Carlo renormalization-group study of the finite-temperature phase
      transition in SU(2) gauge theory.

PMID- 9957873
TI  - Sampling a Gaussian energy distribution to study the phase transitions of the
      Z(2) and U(1) lattice gauge theories.

PMID- 9957875
TI  - Quark zero modes and the deconfinement transition in QCD.

PMID- 9957876
TI  - Goldstone bosons and their superpartners in supersymmetric theories.

PMID- 9957879
TI  - Dynamical hadronization transition and hydrodynamical stability. II. Mixed phase.

PMID- 9957877
TI  - Mass splittings in quasi Nambu-Goldstone models.

PMID- 9957878
TI  - What is the effective potential?

PMID- 9957881
TI  - Simple coupling with cosmological implications. The initial singularity and the
      inflationary universe.

PMID- 9957880
TI  - Parker limit for monopoles with large magnetic charge.

PMID- 9957882
TI  - Gravitational analogue of the Aharonov-Bohm effect in four and three dimensions.

PMID- 9957883
TI  - Symmetry and variational methods in higher-dimensional theories: Errata and
      addendum.

PMID- 9957884
TI  - Path-integral derivation of conformal anomaly and Casimir effect using
      dimensional regularization.

PMID- 9957885
TI  - Orthonormal gauge and affine geometry in string theory.

PMID- 9957886
TI  - Gauge-invariant objects from Wilson loops.

PMID- 9957887
TI  - Functional differential equations for gauge theories.

PMID- 9957888
TI  - Large-N expansion in massless three-dimensional QED.

PMID- 9957890
TI  - Symmetrical-source method for lattice electromagnetic form factors.

PMID- 9957889
TI  - Observations on the Nicolai map at finite temperature.

PMID- 9957891
TI  - Comment on "Anisotropic fluids with multifluid components"

PMID- 9957892
TI  - Comment on no-go theorems for the minimization of potentials.

PMID- 9957893
TI  - Four-momentum in classical electrodynamics.

PMID- 9957894
TI  - Erratum: Time-dependent perturbation theory for quaternionic quantum mechanics,
      with application to CP nonconservation in K-meson decay

PMID- 9957895
TI  - Limits on the neutrino lifetime.

PMID- 9957897
TI  - Gauge-Higgs-fermion spin-spin effects at the Stanford Linear Collider (and CERN
      LEP).

PMID- 9957898
TI  - Supersymmetric-particle production at electron-positron colliders.

PMID- 9957896
TI  - Radiative decays of the J/ psi into gamma pi + pi - and gamma K+K-

PMID- 9957900
TI  - Contribution of the Delta (1232) to micro-p-->n nu gamma.

PMID- 9957899
TI  - Creation of relativistic fermionium in collisions of electrons with atoms.

PMID- 9957901
TI  - Radiation pressure of neutrinos in refracting media.

PMID- 9957902
TI  - Correlation of pp data with predictions of improved six-quark structure models.

PMID- 9957903
TI  - Transverse-momentum distribution of dileptons in different scenarios for the QCD
      phase transition.

PMID- 9957905
TI  - QCD sum rules and vector-meson masses and widths.

PMID- 9957904
TI  - Proposed experiment addressing CP and CPT violation in the K0-K-bar0 system.

PMID- 9957906
TI  - Mass splitting of hadron ground-state multiplets.

PMID- 9957907
TI  - Solving momentum-space integral equations for quarkonia spectra with confining
      potentials. II.

PMID- 9957909
TI  - Neutrino masses and electron-muon- tau -lepton universality.

PMID- 9957908
TI  - Fourth-generation and exotic quarkonium in E6 theories.

PMID- 9957910
TI  - Higgs-boson mass bound in E6-based supersymmetric theories.

PMID- 9957911
TI  - Gaugino masses in superstring models.

PMID- 9957912
TI  - Quark deconfinement at finite temperature in the bag model.

PMID- 9957913
TI  - Constraints on bag formation from the scalar sector.

PMID- 9957914
TI  - Potential and sum-rule approach in QCD.

PMID- 9957915
TI  - Off-peak lepton asymmetries from new Z's.

PMID- 9957916
TI  - Scalar neutrinos from rare kaon decay.

PMID- 9957917
TI  - Predictions of quaternionic quantum mechanics for CP nonconservation in the B and
      D meson systems.

PMID- 9957919
TI  - Effects of core motion on the nucleon electric form factors.

PMID- 9957918
TI  - Perturbative QCD correction to the hard-scattering amplitude for the meson form
      factor.

PMID- 9957921
TI  - Erratum: Koba-Nielsen-Olesen scaling, its violation, and the structure of hadrons

PMID- 9957920
TI  - Comment on the S4-permutation-symmetry model.

PMID- 9957922
TI  - Measurement of the branching ratio for Upsilon "--> micro micro.

PMID- 9957923
TI  - Limit on tau decay to seven charged particles.

PMID- 9957925
TI  - Mass bounds on additional weak bosons in models with fourth-generation fermions.

PMID- 9957924
TI  - Bottom-quark production at hadron colliders.

PMID- 9957926
TI  - Two chiral preon models with SU(N) metacolor satisfying complementarity.

PMID- 9957927
TI  - Gravitational radiation from realistic relativistic stars: Odd-parity fluid
      perturbations.

PMID- 9957928
TI  - Strongly trapped points and the cosmic censorship hypothesis.

PMID- 9957929
TI  - Torsion as a source of expansion in a Bianchi type-I universe in the self
      consistent Einstein-Cartan theory of a perfect fluid with spin density.

PMID- 9957930
TI  - Path-integral and operator formalism in quantum gravity.

PMID- 9957931
TI  - Quantum cosmology and recollapse.

PMID- 9957932
TI  - How homogeneous was the Universe at the time of a grand-unified-theory phase
      transition?

PMID- 9957933
TI  - Cosmological-constant damping by unstable scalar fields.

PMID- 9957934
TI  - Inflation in spherically symmetric inhomogeneous models.

PMID- 9957935
TI  - Analytic treatments of matter-enhanced solar-neutrino oscillations.

PMID- 9957936
TI  - Improved concepts for the discussion of mutually interacting quantum fields in
      Robertson-Walker universes.

PMID- 9957937
TI  - Further remarks on particlelike solutions in spinor-connection theory.

PMID- 9957938
TI  - Expansion for the effective action of an interacting quantum field theory in
      curved space.

PMID- 9957939
TI  - Berry's phase in the relativistic theory of spinning particles.

PMID- 9957941
TI  - Classical adiabatic holonomy and its canonical structure.

PMID- 9957940
TI  - Classical adiabatic holonomy in a Grassmannian system.

PMID- 9957942
TI  - O(N)-symmetric lambda phi4 theory: The Gaussian-effective-potential approach.

PMID- 9957943
TI  - Real-time fermion thermal field theories.

PMID- 9957944
TI  - Solvable quantum field theories and polynomial conserved quantities for the
      quantum nonlinear Schrodinger equation.

PMID- 9957945
TI  - Multichiral free superfields with one central charge for N=2,4,6,8.

PMID- 9957946
TI  - New algorithm for asymptotic expansions of the heat kernel.

PMID- 9957947
TI  - Relativistic reduction in momentum space.

PMID- 9957948
TI  - Fixed-angle asymptotic behavior of the type-I superstring amplitude.

PMID- 9957949
TI  - Heterotic strings from the bosonic string in 26 dimensions.

PMID- 9957950
TI  - String theory considered as a local gauge theory of an extended object.

PMID- 9957951
TI  - Derivation of the gauge-invariant action for open and closed free bosonic string
      field theories.

PMID- 9957952
TI  - Gauge invariance of the effective potential.

PMID- 9957953
TI  - How to distinguish a confining from a deconfining phase in gauge theories with
      fermions.

PMID- 9957956
TI  - Thermal Green's functions and transport coefficients on the lattice.

PMID- 9957955
TI  - Even and odd critical exponents of lattice QED.

PMID- 9957954
TI  - On the cancellation of anomalies in chiral gauge theories.

PMID- 9957958
TI  - Hybrid-molecular-dynamics algorithms for the numerical simulation of quantum
      chromodynamics.

PMID- 9957957
TI  - Exact implementation of baryon-number conservation in lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9957959
TI  - Finite-energy classical solutions to Yang-Mills theories.

PMID- 9957960
TI  - Conformal anomalies in quantum chromodynamics and the path-integral method.

PMID- 9957961
TI  - Extended quantum kinematics as an origin of internal symmetries and flavors.

PMID- 9957962
TI  - Comparison of alternative effective potentials for dynamical symmetry breaking.

PMID- 9957963
TI  - Chiral-symmetry breaking in finite quantum electrodynamics.

PMID- 9957965
TI  - Concise way of expressing the physicogeometric content of the gravitational field
      equations.

PMID- 9957964
TI  - Electron synchrotron radiation in the far infrared.

PMID- 9957966
TI  - Some geometrical considerations of Berry's phase.

PMID- 9957967
TI  - Generalized Holstein-Primakoff squeezed states for SU(n).

PMID- 9957968
TI  - Compactness criterion for scalar solitons.

PMID- 9957969
TI  - Bound states in quantum field theory and coherent states: A fresh look.

PMID- 9957970
TI  - Testing an exact algorithm for simulation of fermionic QCD.

PMID- 9957971
TI  - Conversion of isospin to spin degrees of freedom: Induced monopole fields in
      adiabatic processes.

PMID- 9957972
TI  - Hydrogenlike atom in bosonized QED.

PMID- 9957974
TI  - Possible cure for difficulties in extended hypercolor models.

PMID- 9957973
TI  - Study of correlations in fermionic matter.

PMID- 9957976
TI  - Internal gravity.

PMID- 9957975
TI  - Erratum: Covariant interacting string field theory in the Fock-space
      representation

PMID- 9957977
TI  - Hadron production in e+e- annihilation at sqrt s =29 GeV.

PMID- 9957978
TI  - Study of eta ' formation in photon-photon collisions.

PMID- 9957979
TI  - Measurement of p-barp elastic scattering at beam momenta between 390 and 780
      MeV/c.

PMID- 9957981
TI  - Differential cross sections for pi +p and pi -p elastic scattering from 378 to
      687 MeV/c.

PMID- 9957980
TI  - Study of the reaction p

PMID- 9957982
TI  - Measurement of the nuclear enhancement in high-Et and jet event production.

PMID- 9957983
TI  - Limit on the mass of the tau neutrino.

PMID- 9957984
TI  - Laboratory limits on solar axions from an ultralow-background germanium
      spectrometer.

PMID- 9957985
TI  - Results from a magnetic-monopole search utilizing He proportional tubes.

PMID- 9957986
TI  - Delta S=1 chiral Lagrangians revisited.

PMID- 9957987
TI  - KL--> pi 0e+e- as a probe of CP violation.

PMID- 9957988
TI  - Horizontal gauge interaction as the primary source of CP violation.

PMID- 9957989
TI  - Testing O( alpha ) corrections of the electroweak theory: A systematic overview.

PMID- 9957990
TI  - Baryon octet as SU(3)-subgroup Skyrmions.

PMID- 9957991
TI  - Momentum projection and relativistic boost of solitons. II. Nucleon and meson
      properties.

PMID- 9957992
TI  - Glueball calculations with the t expansion.

PMID- 9957993
TI  - Neutrino masses in superstring models with E6 singlets coming from H1(End T).

PMID- 9957994
TI  - Renormalization of the electroweak theory in the nonlinear gauge.

PMID- 9957995
TI  - Phenomenological potentials for QCD order parameters.

PMID- 9957997
TI  - Bag formation in the presence of vector mesons.

PMID- 9957996
TI  - Effects of quark antisymmetrization in a schematic model of the nucleus.

PMID- 9957999
TI  - Induced logarithmic behavior and spin dependence of the Coulomb plus linear
      potential.

PMID- 9957998
TI  - Ginsburg-Landau equation for an interacting quark gas.

PMID- 9958000
TI  - Tau-neutrino mass limit.

PMID- 9958001
TI  - Limits on Higgs bosons, scalar-quarkonia, and eta b's from radiative upsilon
      decays.

PMID- 9958002
TI  - Photon structure function and optimized perturbation theories.

PMID- 9958003
TI  - Note on the photoproduction of the charged A1.

PMID- 9958004
TI  - Production, decays, and forward-backward asymmetries of extra gauge bosons in E6.

PMID- 9958005
TI  - t-quarkonium decays into bb-bar pairs and charged Higgs bosons.

PMID- 9958006
TI  - Electric dipole transitions of charmonium D states.

PMID- 9958008
TI  - Baryogenesis and heavy quarks.

PMID- 9958007
TI  - Soft-pion S-wave amplitudes and negative-parity baryons in nonleptonic hyperon
      decays.

PMID- 9958009
TI  - Comment on "Higgs-boson mass bound in E(6)-based supersymmetric theories"

PMID- 9958011
TI  - Search for superheavy grand unified magnetic monopoles in cosmic rays.

PMID- 9958010
TI  - Limit on the decay D0-->e micro+/-

PMID- 9958012
TI  - Multiplicity distributions in nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9958013
TI  - Forward charge asymmetry in 20-GeV gammap reactions.

PMID- 9958014
TI  - Measurement of direct photon production at large transverse momentum in pi -p, pi
      +p, and pp collisions at 300 GeV/c.

PMID- 9958015
TI  - Measurement of pi 0 production at large transverse momentum in pi -p, pi +p, and
      pp collisions at 300 GeV/c.

PMID- 9958016
TI  - Investigation of the chiral anomaly gamma -->3 pi in pion pair production by pion
      in the nuclear Coulomb field.

PMID- 9958017
TI  - Underground search for muons correlated with Cygnus X-3.

PMID- 9958018
TI  - Search for fractionally charged particles.

PMID- 9958020
TI  - Spin asymmetries in lepton-hadron scattering.

PMID- 9958019
TI  - Radiative correction to the equivalent-photon spectrum of a relativistic electron
      and the two-photon process.

PMID- 9958021
TI  - Monte Carlo approach to QCD jets in the next-to-leading-logarithmic
      approximation.

PMID- 9958022
TI  - Analysis of a quark model with charm and color for inclusive processes.

PMID- 9958024
TI  - Delayed thresholds and heavy-flavor production in the dual parton model.

PMID- 9958023
TI  - Detecting gluinos at hadron supercolliders.

PMID- 9958025
TI  - Flux-tube model for ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions: Electrohydrodynamics
      of a quark-gluon plasma.

PMID- 9958026
TI  - Comparison of exclusive decay rates for b-->u and b-->c transitions.

PMID- 9958027
TI  - Analysis of two-body decays of charm mesons using the quark-diagram scheme.

PMID- 9958029
TI  - Mirror-lepton mixing in tau decays.

PMID- 9958028
TI  - Chiral anomalies and vector-meson dominance.

PMID- 9958031
TI  - Mass and wave function of the lightest scalar glueball.

PMID- 9958030
TI  - Leading-order perturbative QCD calculation of nucleon Dirac form factors.

PMID- 9958032
TI  - Quark-antiquark spectroscopy and asymptotic freedom.

PMID- 9958034
TI  - Quark mass matrices and flavor mixing.

PMID- 9958033
TI  - Towards a general form for the quark mass matrix.

PMID- 9958035
TI  - U(2)V Yang-Mills approach to Skyrmions with vector mesons: Electromagnetic
      properties of nucleons.

PMID- 9958036
TI  - QCD bosonization and the meson effective action.

PMID- 9958037
TI  - Pions as collective modes in the glueball condensate vacuum.

PMID- 9958038
TI  - Dynamical pions and kaons in the glueball condensate vacuum.

PMID- 9958039
TI  - Gluon condensate as ground state of QCD.

PMID- 9958041
TI  - Simple Higgs mechanisms in the SU(2)LU

PMID- 9958040
TI  - Long-range dielectric confinement.

PMID- 9958043
TI  - Particle dichotomy and left-right decomposition of E6 superstring models.

PMID- 9958042
TI  - Isospin breaking in supersymmetric left-right models.

PMID- 9958044
TI  - Quantum treatment of beamstrahlung.

PMID- 9958045
TI  - W-pair production via W-pair fusion.

PMID- 9958046
TI  - Effective-vector-boson method for high-energy collisions.

PMID- 9958048
TI  - Electroproduction of hadrons from nuclei.

PMID- 9958047
TI  - Improved transverse-mass variable for detecting Higgs-boson decays into Z pairs.

PMID- 9958049
TI  - Radiative neutrino decay in E

PMID- 9958050
TI  - Precision description of the octet-baryon magnetic moments.

PMID- 9958051
TI  - Erratum: Analysis of gT(2050-2350) as glueball candidate

PMID- 9958052
TI  - Observation of electronic excitation by extremely slow protons with applications
      to the detection of supermassive charged particles.

PMID- 9958053
TI  - Minimal rephasing-invariant CP-violating parameters with Dirac and Majorana
      fermions.

PMID- 9958054
TI  - Supernova 1987A and the secret interactions of neutrinos.

PMID- 9958055
TI  - Algorithm to search for gravitational radiation from coalescing binaries.

PMID- 9958056
TI  - Weak resistance in superconducting cosmic strings.

PMID- 9958057
TI  - "Swiss cheese" models with pressure.

PMID- 9958058
TI  - Dynamics of bubbles in general relativity.

PMID- 9958060
TI  - BRST structure of general relativity in terms of new variables.

PMID- 9958059
TI  - Dynamics of multidimensional generalization of Bianchi type-IX cosmological
      models.

PMID- 9958062
TI  - Vacuum state and Schwarzschild solution in ten-dimensional gravity.

PMID- 9958061
TI  - Adiabatic regularization in closed Robertson-Walker universes.

PMID- 9958064
TI  - Thermal conduction and gravitational collapse.

PMID- 9958063
TI  - Particle and string fluid interpretation for the scalar sector of Kaluza-Klein
      theories.

PMID- 9958065
TI  - Cauchy data and Hadamard singularities in time-dependent backgrounds.

PMID- 9958066
TI  - Supersymmetric Volkov-Taub transformation.

PMID- 9958067
TI  - Two-body Dirac equations for particles interacting through world scalar and
      vector potentials.

PMID- 9958068
TI  - Conformal anomaly in spherical spacetimes.

PMID- 9958069
TI  - Structure of N=2 superconformally invariant unitary "minimal" theories: Operator
      algebra and correlation functions.

PMID- 9958071
TI  - Anomalies in Lagrangian field theory.

PMID- 9958070
TI  - Fujikawa Jacobian, modified symplectic structures, and the anomalous commutators
      of chiral Abelian gauge theories.

PMID- 9958072
TI  - Reduction formulas for coherent states.

PMID- 9958074
TI  - Casimir effect around a cone.

PMID- 9958073
TI  - Topological defects at finite temperature.

PMID- 9958076
TI  - Initial-value problems in quantum field theory in the large-N approximation.

PMID- 9958075
TI  - Static potential for smooth strings in the large-D limit.

PMID- 9958078
TI  - Renormalization of the Yang-Mills theories in the light-cone gauge.

PMID- 9958077
TI  - Renormalizability of the time-dependent variational equations in quantum field
      theory.

PMID- 9958079
TI  - Supercurrent and the Adler-Bardeen theorem in coupled supersymmetric Yang-Mills
      theories.

PMID- 9958080
TI  - Dynamical symmetry breaking and space-time topology.

PMID- 9958081
TI  - Nonexistence of a ground state and breaking of the no-ghost theorem on a squeezed
      string.

PMID- 9958082
TI  - Restudy of the open-superstring tree amplitudes by looking at their field
      theoretical limits.

PMID- 9958083
TI  - Dirac-bracket quantization of bosonized chiral two-dimensional QCD.

PMID- 9958084
TI  - Gauge invariance of the quantum Wilson loop.

PMID- 9958086
TI  - Monte Carlo study of the multicharged U(1) Higgs model with radial degrees of
      freedom.

PMID- 9958085
TI  - Plaquette average and Schwinger-Dyson equation of a Wilson loop in SU(2) lattice
      gauge theory.

PMID- 9958087
TI  - Scaling in periodic QED.

PMID- 9958088
TI  - Perturbative corrections to four-fermion operators on the lattice.

PMID- 9958089
TI  - Coupled-channel effects in the variational calculation of the glueball mass in
      lattice Hamiltonian SU(N) gauge theory.

PMID- 9958090
TI  - Comparison of two gauge-nonequivalent IAnsaItzeB for charged vortices in SU(2)
      gauge theory with Chern-Simons term.

PMID- 9958091
TI  - Absence of spontaneous parity violations in three-dimensional QED induced by
      infrared effects.

PMID- 9958093
TI  - Variational calculations on bound states of quantum systems motivated by the t
      expansion method.

PMID- 9958092
TI  - Conditions for absence of global SU(2) anomaly for four-dimensional gauge groups.

PMID- 9958094
TI  - Tests of relativity from SN1987A.

PMID- 9958095
TI  - Stellar energy loss and anomalous contributions to gamma gamma --> nu nu -bar.

PMID- 9958097
TI  - Comment on "Unified dynamics for microscopic and macroscopic systems"

PMID- 9958096
TI  - Bosonic strings in an arbitrary dimension.

PMID- 9958098
TI  - Disentanglement of quantum wave functions: Answer to "Comment on 'Unified
      dynamics for microscopic and macroscopic systems' "

PMID- 9958100
TI  - Chiral-symmetry order parameter, the lattice, and nucleosynthesis.

PMID- 9958099
TI  - Erratum: Test-particle motion in the nonsymmetric gravitation theory

PMID- 9958102
TI  - Space structure of confining strings.

PMID- 9958101
TI  - Non-Abelian gauge fields in two spatial dimensions.

PMID- 9958103
TI  - Limits on nu micro--> nu tau and nu micro--> nu e oscillations.

PMID- 9958104
TI  - Search for narrow states by detection of monochromatic gamma rays in p-barp
      annihilation at rest.

PMID- 9958106
TI  - Four-momentum transfer between fireballs in proton-nucleus interactions at 400
      GeV.

PMID- 9958105
TI  - High-energy diffraction dissociation of KL0 into exclusive final states.

PMID- 9958109
TI  - Unpolarized and polarized structure functions and spin tests at supercollider
      energies.

PMID- 9958107
TI  - Search for magnetic monopoles trapped in old iron ores using a superconducting
      detector.

PMID- 9958108
TI  - Leptoquark-boson signals at e+e- colliders.

PMID- 9958110
TI  - Photon pair production in expanding hot hadronic matter.

PMID- 9958111
TI  - Limits on leptonic right-handed currents in E6 theories.

PMID- 9958113
TI  - Relativistic formulation of the radiative transitions of charmonium and b
      quarkonium.

PMID- 9958112
TI  - Formulation of two-photon and two-gluon decays of pseudoscalar eta mesons in a
      relativistic bound-state calculation.

PMID- 9958114
TI  - Phenomenological model for psi -->T gamma decays.

PMID- 9958115
TI  - Fourth generation and nucleon decay in supersymmetric theories.

PMID- 9958116
TI  - Heavy-Z-boson decays to two bosons in E6 superstring models.

PMID- 9958117
TI  - Accurate baryon masses from meson masses using potential models and the 1/D
      expansion.

PMID- 9958118
TI  - Neutron-proton mass difference in the chiral solitonic bag model.

PMID- 9958120
TI  - Strongly interacting singlet-doublet Higgs model.

PMID- 9958119
TI  - Spin splittings of heavy-quark bound states from lattice QCD.

PMID- 9958121
TI  - Yukawa couplings and phenomenology of a three-generation superstring model.

PMID- 9958122
TI  - Horizontal symmetry and the fourth generation.

PMID- 9958123
TI  - Resonance determination by stabilized analytic continuation of theoretical data,
      and comparison with the moments method.

PMID- 9958124
TI  - Limit on the radiative width of the K0(1430).

PMID- 9958126
TI  - Coupled-channel treatment of Cabibbo-angle-suppressed (D,Ds+)-->PP decays.

PMID- 9958127
TI  - Consequences of nonzero neutrino masses on the evaluation of the weak coupling
      constant and on tau leptonic decays.

PMID- 9958125
TI  - Exclusive production of proton-antiproton pairs in two-photon collisions.

PMID- 9958128
TI  - Addendum to " Delta S=1 chiral Lagrangians revisited"

PMID- 9958129
TI  - H dibaryon in the naive quark model with arbitrary Nc.

PMID- 9958130
TI  - SU(3)-flavor-symmetry breaking in c-barsuud bound states.

PMID- 9958131
TI  - Variational scalar and tensor lattice glueball masses.

PMID- 9958132
TI  - Erratum: Rotational bands in the baryon spectrum. II

PMID- 9958134
TI  - Erratum: Mirror-lepton mixing in tau decays

PMID- 9958133
TI  - Erratum: Baryon self-energy due to the pion-quark interaction

PMID- 9958135
TI  - Analyzing power for pi -p charge exchange and a test of isospin invariance up to
      eta threshold.

PMID- 9958136
TI  - Search for free quarks produced by 14.5-GeV/nucleon oxygen ions.

PMID- 9958137
TI  - Search for high-energy muons from Cygnus X-3 during the radio outbursts in 1983
      and 1985.

PMID- 9958139
TI  - Optimal design of resonant-mass gravitational wave antennas.

PMID- 9958138
TI  - Violation of flavor universality from superstring quark-singlet production.

PMID- 9958141
TI  - Gravitational collapse of massless scalar field and cosmic censorship.

PMID- 9958140
TI  - Prospects for a day-night 37Cl solar-neutrino oscillation experiment.

PMID- 9958143
TI  - Cosmological model of the Kaluza-Klein type.

PMID- 9958142
TI  - A fluid of multidimensional objects.

PMID- 9958144
TI  - Stability of flat spacetime in quantum gravity.

PMID- 9958145
TI  - Expectation values in quantum cosmology.

PMID- 9958146
TI  - Density of states for the gravitational field in black-hole topologies.

PMID- 9958147
TI  - Correlations in the wave function of the Universe.

PMID- 9958148
TI  - The factor-ordering problem must be regulated.

PMID- 9958149
TI  - Perdurance of higher-dimensional de Sitter space.

PMID- 9958150
TI  - Coupled field solutions for U(1)-gauge cosmic strings.

PMID- 9958151
TI  - Exact axially symmetric stationary solutions of the Kaluza-Klein-Jordan-Thiry
      theory.

PMID- 9958152
TI  - Phenomenological aspects of new gravitational forces. I. Rapidly rotating compact
      objects.

PMID- 9958153
TI  - Phenomenological aspects of new gravitational forces. II. Static planetary
      potentials.

PMID- 9958154
TI  - Phenomenological aspects of new gravitational forces. III. Slowly rotating
      astronomical bodies.

PMID- 9958155
TI  - Zero-point field in a circular-motion frame. II. Spinor and vector fields.

PMID- 9958156
TI  - Exact solutions of the Dirac equation in spatially flat Robertson-Walker space
      times.

PMID- 9958157
TI  - Casimir energies in M4 >= N for even N. Green's-function and zeta-function
      techniques.

PMID- 9958158
TI  - Connection of some two-dimensional bosonic and fermionic models to scalar
      curvature.

PMID- 9958160
TI  - Lie-algebra cohomology and the Osp(1,1||2) structure in string theory.

PMID- 9958159
TI  - Derivative expansion and the induced Chern-Simons term at finite temperature in
      2+1 dimensions.

PMID- 9958161
TI  - Vacuum averages for arbitrary spin around a cosmic string.

PMID- 9958162
TI  - Operatorial Chan-Paton factors.

PMID- 9958164
TI  - Induced angular momentum and gauge invariance.

PMID- 9958163
TI  - Is the nonlinear sigma model the m sigma -->

PMID- 9958166
TI  - Fermions in the chiral Schwinger model.

PMID- 9958165
TI  - Gauge theories in three-dimensional space-time.

PMID- 9958167
TI  - Variational methods in supersymmetric lattice field theory: The vacuum sector.

PMID- 9958169
TI  - Compact three-dimensional U(1) gauge theory reexamined.

PMID- 9958168
TI  - Empirical study of the hybrid-molecular-dynamics approach to the simulation of
      QCD.

PMID- 9958171
TI  - Long-distance Lienard-Wiechert potentials and qq-bar spin dependence.

PMID- 9958170
TI  - Complete bosonization of two-dimensional QCD in the path-integral framework.

PMID- 9958172
TI  - Reexamination of astrophysical and cosmological constraints on the magnetic
      moment of neutrinos.

PMID- 9958173
TI  - Erratum: How reliable are neutrino mass limits derived from SN1987A:

PMID- 9958174
TI  - Light neutral boson in spinor-connection theory.

PMID- 9958176
TI  - Erratum: Renormalization versus the Gaussian effective potential

PMID- 9958175
TI  - Numerical studies of the Faddeev-Popov determinant for different SU(n) groups.

PMID- 9958177
TI  - (Super)Korteveg-de Vries equation as a (super)conformal field theory.

PMID- 9958178
TI  - Strong-field point-particle limit and the equations of motion in the binary
      pulsar.

PMID- 9958179
TI  - Energy loss in general relativity.

PMID- 9958181
TI  - Supersymmetric cosmic accelerators: Fluxes at Earth and companion stability.

PMID- 9958180
TI  - Peculiar velocities from cosmic strings.

PMID- 9958182
TI  - Stephenson-Kilmister-Yang theory of gravity and its dynamics.

PMID- 9958183
TI  - Analysis of no-scale supergravity models leading to inflationary scenarios.

PMID- 9958184
TI  - Improved nullification of gravity gradients.

PMID- 9958185
TI  - Higher-derivative gravity, surface terms, and string theory.

PMID- 9958187
TI  - Light-fermion-mass generation in a Kaluza-Klein theory.

PMID- 9958186
TI  - Higher-dimensional self-consistent solution with deformed internal space.

PMID- 9958188
TI  - Soliton-radiation interaction in nonlinear integrable lattices.

PMID- 9958189
TI  - BRST-invariant transitions between closed and open strings.

PMID- 9958190
TI  - Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin quantization of twisted extended fermionic strings.

PMID- 9958192
TI  - Factorization and zero-slope limit of strings.

PMID- 9958191
TI  - A parametrization of the covariant superstring.

PMID- 9958193
TI  - Construction of multiloop superstring amplitudes in the light-cone gauge.

PMID- 9958194
TI  - Stochastic quantization of Yang-Mills field theory: Gauge-fixing parameter
      dependence and equilibrium limit.

PMID- 9958196
TI  - Entropy of the SU(2) lattice gauge field.

PMID- 9958195
TI  - Overrelaxation and Monte Carlo simulation.

PMID- 9958198
TI  - Simple numerical approach to quantum lattice models.

PMID- 9958197
TI  - U(1) problem and topological excitations on a lattice.

PMID- 9958199
TI  - Non-Abelian bosonization: Stress-energy correlation functions.

PMID- 9958200
TI  - Critical surfaces and flat directions in a finite theory.

PMID- 9958201
TI  - Chiral hierarchies from slowly running couplings in technicolor theories.

PMID- 9958203
TI  - One-loop corrections to solitons in two-dimensional theories.

PMID- 9958202
TI  - Sphalerons, small fluctuations, and baryon-number violation in electroweak
      theory.

PMID- 9958204
TI  - Effective Hamiltonians for generalized Breit interactions in QCD.

PMID- 9958206
TI  - Gravitational acceleration of relativistic particles at finite temperature.

PMID- 9958205
TI  - Conformal transformation of the one-loop effective action for lambda phi4 theory.

PMID- 9958207
TI  - Heat-kernel expansion on a polyhedron.

PMID- 9958208
TI  - Derivative expansion and the chiral anomaly at finite temperature.

PMID- 9958209
TI  - Solitons in the supersymmetric CPN-1 model.

PMID- 9958210
TI  - Dyon solutions in the temporal gauge.

PMID- 9958212
TI  - Proposed atomic cascade experimental test of symmetric local hidden-variables
      theories.

PMID- 9958211
TI  - SU(3)-multiplet sources at the phase transition to the quark-gluon plasma.

PMID- 9958213
TI  - Anomalies in conservation laws in quantum mechanics.

PMID- 9958214
TI  - Observations on path-integral derivations of anomalies.

PMID- 9958215
TI  - Comment on a possible supersymmetrization of a new class of gauge theory.

PMID- 9958216
TI  - Comment on "1/N expansion for a Mie-type potential"

PMID- 9958217
TI  - Erratum: Propagation properties and condensate formation of the confined Yang
      Mills field

PMID- 9958218
TI  - Soliton-antisoliton pair creation in strong external fields.

PMID- 9958219
TI  - Measurement of antineutron-proton total and annihilation cross sections from 100
      to 500 MeV/c.

PMID- 9958220
TI  - Measurement of the ratio of Sigma 0 to Lambda 0 inclusive production from 28.5
      GeV/c protons on beryllium.

PMID- 9958221
TI  - Measurement of the tau lifetime.

PMID- 9958223
TI  - Search for a Bhabha-scattering resonance near 1.8 MeV/c2.

PMID- 9958222
TI  - Comparison of narrow-band and wide-band neutrino beams in the search for nu micro
      -> nu e oscillations.

PMID- 9958224
TI  - e+e--->W+W- in E

PMID- 9958225
TI  - Extra Z's from E6 and other exotic physics in heavy-quarkonium decays.

PMID- 9958226
TI  - Light scalar top quark at e+e- colliders.

PMID- 9958228
TI  - Extraction of higher-twist contribution from large-PT pion photoproduction
      processes.

PMID- 9958227
TI  - Predicted properties of Delbruck scattering for photon energies up to 104 MeV.

PMID- 9958229
TI  - Testing the effect of higher-twist subprocess in p-bar-p and p-p collisions.

PMID- 9958231
TI  - Branching, geometrical scaling, and Koba-Nielsen-Olesen scaling.

PMID- 9958230
TI  - Multiplicity distributions in pp-bar collisions at 540 GeV and "bremsstrahlung
      analogy"

PMID- 9958232
TI  - Vector-boson production in supersymmetric QCD.

PMID- 9958233
TI  - Possibility of simultaneous observation of nucleus fragment and gamma -ray family
      in the stratosphere.

PMID- 9958234
TI  - CP violation in K-->3 pi.

PMID- 9958235
TI  - Subleading QCD corrections to the K-K-bar system.

PMID- 9958236
TI  - Charge-commutation-relation approach to the Cabibbo angle and meson masses in
      SU(2)LU

PMID- 9958237
TI  - Decoupling of the pion at finite temperature and density.

PMID- 9958238
TI  - Langevin simulation of the full QCD hadron mass spectrum on a lattice.

PMID- 9958239
TI  - Anomalous magnetic and quadrupole moments of the W boson in the two-Higgs-doublet
      model.

PMID- 9958241
TI  - New supersymmetric left-right gauge model: Higgs-boson structure and neutral
      current analysis.

PMID- 9958240
TI  - Cancellation of the divergence of the wave function at the origin in leptonic
      decay rates.

PMID- 9958243
TI  - Coherent-state representation for the QCD ground state.

PMID- 9958242
TI  - Systematic analysis of Hermitian quark mass matrices.

PMID- 9958244
TI  - Hamiltonian lattice string theory and the flux-tube model.

PMID- 9958245
TI  - Density of states in the quantum-chromodynamic bag model with a nonzero baryon
      number.

PMID- 9958246
TI  - Structure of hydrodynamic flows in expanding quark-gluon plasmas.

PMID- 9958248
TI  - Dynamical model for composite quarks and leptons based on supersymmetric quantum
      chromodynamics.

PMID- 9958247
TI  - Phenomenological clues for discrete symmetries in superstring theories.

PMID- 9958249
TI  - Renormalization-group-improved Yennie-Frautschi-Suura theory.

PMID- 9958250
TI  - Scalar interaction in tau decay.

PMID- 9958251
TI  - B0-->D0+ gamma decay as a probe for short-distance QCD corrections.

PMID- 9958252
TI  - Understanding the Feynman-x distribution of charm D mesons produced in hadronic
      collisions.

PMID- 9958253
TI  - Axion creation in high-energy scattering of electrons on atoms.

PMID- 9958254
TI  - Anomaly-free version of SU(2)U

PMID- 9958255
TI  - Symmetry-breaking hierarchies in the Pati-Salam group induced by supergravity.

PMID- 9958256
TI  - Comments on the Z electromagnetic couplings in a composite model.

PMID- 9958257
TI  - Erratum: Detection rates for "invisible"-axion searches

PMID- 9958258
TI  - || Delta I||=(1/2 rule and consequences for D and B decays and epsilon '/
      epsilon.

PMID- 9958259
TI  - Use of Z lepton asymmetry to determine mixing between Z boson and Z' boson of E6
      superstrings.

PMID- 9958260
TI  - Fragmentation of cosmic string loops.

PMID- 9958261
TI  - Numerical simulation of cosmic-string evolution in flat spacetime.

PMID- 9958263
TI  - Cosmic balls of trapped neutrinos.

PMID- 9958262
TI  - Cosmic texture and the microwave background.

PMID- 9958264
TI  - Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays from superconducting cosmic strings.

PMID- 9958265
TI  - Strings and other distributional sources in general relativity.

PMID- 9958266
TI  - Singularities in Kaluza-Klein-Friedmann cosmological models.

PMID- 9958267
TI  - Boundary conditions and the cosmological constant.

PMID- 9958268
TI  - Positivity of total energy in general relativity.

PMID- 9958269
TI  - Local and global gravitomagnetic effects in Kerr spacetime.

PMID- 9958270
TI  - Colliding plane gravitational waves: A class of nondiagonal soliton solutions.

PMID- 9958271
TI  - Origin of Hawking radiation.

PMID- 9958272
TI  - Energy transport and evaporation of weakly interacting particles in the Sun.

PMID- 9958273
TI  - Decay of the true vacuum in curved space-time.

PMID- 9958274
TI  - Spinors on a tetrahedron.

PMID- 9958275
TI  - Mixed procedures for generating families of isospectral Hamiltonians.

PMID- 9958277
TI  - OSp(N,4)-invariant dimensional regularization.

PMID- 9958276
TI  - Cohomology and heterotic world-sheet anomalies.

PMID- 9958279
TI  - Solving two-dimensional phi4 theory by discretized light-front quantization.

PMID- 9958278
TI  - Grassmann-valued processes for the Weyl and the Dirac equations.

PMID- 9958280
TI  - Path-integral formulation of closed strings.

PMID- 9958281
TI  - Nonassociative formulation of bosonic strings.

PMID- 9958282
TI  - Superstrings at finite temperature.

PMID- 9958283
TI  - Modular invariance of the thermo-partition function and global phase structure of
      the heterotic string.

PMID- 9958284
TI  - New symmetry in covariant open-string field theory.

PMID- 9958285
TI  - Continuum regularization of superfield supersymmetry: Super QED.

PMID- 9958286
TI  - Conformal extension of gauge theories with spontaneously broken symmetry.

PMID- 9958287
TI  - Complex actions for fermions in higher dimensions.

PMID- 9958289
TI  - N-quantum calculation of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with isospin.

PMID- 9958288
TI  - Instability of the translationally invariant vacuum of a system of fermions
      coupled to a chiral field.

PMID- 9958290
TI  - Color-dielectric parameter in (2+1)-dimensional QCD.

PMID- 9958291
TI  - Gravitational acceleration of antiprotons and of positrons.

PMID- 9958293
TI  - Green's function for the scalar field in the early Universe.

PMID- 9958292
TI  - On a stationary asymptotically flat solution of the Ernst equation.

PMID- 9958294
TI  - Expansion of the early Universe and the equation of state.

PMID- 9958296
TI  - Series solutions for the Klein-Gordon equation in Schwarzschild space-time.

PMID- 9958295
TI  - Solar-neutrino oscillations from a supersymmetric E6 grand unified theory.

PMID- 9958297
TI  - Accurate energy levels and partition function of a quantum-mechanical anharmonic
      oscillator.

PMID- 9958298
TI  - Comment on Jourjine's space-time Dirac-Kahler spinors and string model.

PMID- 9958299
TI  - Comment on "Coherent states for the time-dependent harmonic oscillator"

PMID- 9958300
TI  - Erratum: Lattice fermions in the Schwinger model

PMID- 9958301
TI  - Ambiguities in the Thirring model under chiral rotations.

PMID- 9958303
TI  - Production of neutral strange particles KS0

PMID- 9958302
TI  - Exclusive decays and masses of the B mesons.

PMID- 9958305
TI  - e+e---> tau + micro- due to scalar-lepton mixing.

PMID- 9958304
TI  - Final-photon polarization in the scattering of photons by high-energy electrons.

PMID- 9958306
TI  - Extra neutral gauge bosons in electron-positron collisions at resonance.

PMID- 9958307
TI  - Deep-inelastic structure functions in the MIT bag model.

PMID- 9958308
TI  - Hadron cross sections at ultrahigh energies and unitarity bounds on diffraction.

PMID- 9958310
TI  - Higgs-boson signals in superstring-inspired models at hadron supercolliders.

PMID- 9958309
TI  - Looking for spin-(3/2 leptons in hadronic collisions.

PMID- 9958311
TI  - Angular distributions of secondary charged particles in showers initiated by
      gammas and protons.

PMID- 9958312
TI  - Electromagnetic-shower development in concrete and the punchthrough effect.

PMID- 9958313
TI  - Comprehensive analysis of data pertaining to the weak neutral current and the
      intermediate-vector-boson masses.

PMID- 9958314
TI  - Neutrino masses, Majorons, and muon decay.

PMID- 9958315
TI  - K--> pi pi gamma in the six-quark model.

PMID- 9958316
TI  - D and E mesons, and related problems.

PMID- 9958317
TI  - Production, decay, and mixing models of the iota meson. II.

PMID- 9958318
TI  - Determination of the Lambda magnetic moment by QCD sum rules.

PMID- 9958320
TI  - Systematic examination of spin-independent and spin-dependent interactions of
      heavy quarks.

PMID- 9958319
TI  - Gluon-field contribution in QCD sum rules for the magnetic moments of the
      nucleons.

PMID- 9958321
TI  - Relativistic description of quarkonium.

PMID- 9958322
TI  - See-saw masses for quarks and leptons.

PMID- 9958323
TI  - Strongly coupled quarks in the standard model.

PMID- 9958325
TI  - New solutions of QCD as models for hadrons and rings of confined gluons.

PMID- 9958324
TI  - Low-energy theorems for strongly interacting W's and Z's.

PMID- 9958327
TI  - Implications of the E6SU

PMID- 9958326
TI  - Velocity of sound in hadron matter.

PMID- 9958328
TI  - Interaction of relativistic elementary atoms with matter. I. General formulas.

PMID- 9958329
TI  - Interaction of relativistic elementary atoms with matter. II. Numerical results.

PMID- 9958330
TI  - Nonlinear saturation of the longitudinal modes of the coasting beam in a storage
      ring.

PMID- 9958331
TI  - Light-boson emission in the decay of the micro+

PMID- 9958332
TI  - Top-quark mass determination in hadron colliders.

PMID- 9958333
TI  - Comments on the relation between the mass of Upsilon (1(1)P1) and the QCD scale
      parameter Lambda MS

PMID- 9958334
TI  - Update on the determination of baryon magnetic moments by the QCD sum-rule
      method.

PMID- 9958335
TI  - Light-cone description of pionic corrections to nucleon electromagnetic
      properties.

PMID- 9958336
TI  - Comments on "Introduction to the chemistry of fractionally charged atoms:
      Electronegativity"

PMID- 9958337
TI  - Merit of ground-state electronegativities; a reply to "Comments on 'Introduction
      to the chemistry of fractionally charged atoms: Electronegativity' "

PMID- 9958338
TI  - Gluon production of gauge bosons.

PMID- 9958339
TI  - Comparison of bar and interferometer sensitivities to sources of transient
      gravitational radiation.

PMID- 9958340
TI  - New Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity.

PMID- 9958341
TI  - Can bulk viscosity drive inflation?

PMID- 9958342
TI  - Probability of R2 inflation.

PMID- 9958343
TI  - Exact analytic solutions for Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein level crossings.

PMID- 9958344
TI  - Global properties of Kaluza-Klein cosmologies.

PMID- 9958345
TI  - Tabulation of astrophysical constraints on axions and Nambu-Goldstone bosons.

PMID- 9958346
TI  - Mass limits on particles from pulsed sources: How reliable are they?

PMID- 9958348
TI  - Causal boundary of space-times.

PMID- 9958347
TI  - Instability of Killing-Cauchy horizons in plane-symmetric spacetimes.

PMID- 9958350
TI  - Constraint algebra in Poincare gauge theory.

PMID- 9958349
TI  - Traceless pole particles with intrinsic spin in spaces with torsion.

PMID- 9958351
TI  - Helicity in anti-de Sitter space.

PMID- 9958352
TI  - Attempt at a classical cancellation of the cosmological constant.

PMID- 9958353
TI  - Symmetry behavior in curved spacetime: Finite-size effect and dimensional
      reduction.

PMID- 9958354
TI  - Geometrical properties of an internal local octonionic space in curved space
      time.

PMID- 9958355
TI  - Variational principles for conservative and dissipative diffusions.

PMID- 9958357
TI  - Yang-Mills equations and solvable groups.

PMID- 9958356
TI  - Vacuum state of complex scalar fields in SO(2,1)-invariant backgrounds.

PMID- 9958358
TI  - Renormalization versus the Gaussian effective potential.

PMID- 9958359
TI  - Classical field configurations and infrared slavery.

PMID- 9958361
TI  - World-sheet topology and target manifold in string theory.

PMID- 9958360
TI  - Particles, superparticles, and twistors.

PMID- 9958362
TI  - String field theory at finite temperature.

PMID- 9958363
TI  - Gauge symmetries in (super)string field theory.

PMID- 9958364
TI  - String-ghost interactions and the trace anomaly.

PMID- 9958365
TI  - String amplitudes as solutions to soliton equations.

PMID- 9958366
TI  - Interacting quasiopen strings.

PMID- 9958367
TI  - Quantum electrodynamics in the temporal gauge.

PMID- 9958368
TI  - Yang-Mills theory and quantum chromodynamics in the temporal gauge.

PMID- 9958370
TI  - Unifying temporal, Coulomb, and relativistic gauges.

PMID- 9958369
TI  - Spacelike axial-gauge Feynman rules: A consistent nonambiguous derivation.

PMID- 9958372
TI  - theta -term effect on the charge spectra of dyons associated with generalized
      magnetic monopoles and quarks as dyons in a spontaneously broken gauge theory.

PMID- 9958371
TI  - Monte Carlo simulations and complex actions.

PMID- 9958373
TI  - Some global charges in classical Yang-Mills theory.

PMID- 9958375
TI  - Wilson loops in bosonized two-dimensional QCD.

PMID- 9958374
TI  - Time-dependent Hartree-Fock formalism and the excitations of the Dirac sea in the
      Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model.

PMID- 9958377
TI  - Numerical tests of Langevin lattice QCD.

PMID- 9958376
TI  - Application of the real-time temperature Green's functions to chiral-symmetry
      breaking and restoration.

PMID- 9958379
TI  - Feynman rules of Coulomb-gauge QED and the electron magnetic moment.

PMID- 9958378
TI  - Hartree approximation to QCD in the Fock-Schwinger gauge.

PMID- 9958380
TI  - Double-bubble spacetimes.

PMID- 9958381
TI  - Holonomy transformation, deficit angle, and Aharonov-Bohm effect in a
      cylindrically symmetric universe.

PMID- 9958382
TI  - Quantized non-Abelian monopole.

PMID- 9958383
TI  - Two-loop renormalization of the Pontryagin density in pure Yang-Mills theory.

PMID- 9958384
TI  - Comparison between the body-centered hypercubic and simplicial lattices.

PMID- 9958385
TI  - Measurability of the Casimir effect in microchips.

PMID- 9958386
TI  - Relation between triangular- and Witten-SU(2)-anomaly cancellation for gauge
      groups.

PMID- 9958387
TI  - Rho and omega production in pi+p interactions at 15.7 GeV/c.

PMID- 9958389
TI  - Search for fractional charges using droplet-jet techniques.

PMID- 9958388
TI  - Measurement of the polarization of tau leptons produced in e+e- annihilation at
      sqrt s =29 GeV.

PMID- 9958390
TI  - Monopole-flux and proton-decay limits from the Soudan 1 detector.

PMID- 9958391
TI  - Hadronic contributions to the photon structure function.

PMID- 9958392
TI  - Multisource model for particle production in high-energy hadron-nucleus
      collisions.

PMID- 9958393
TI  - A multiple-interaction model for the event structure in hadron collisions.

PMID- 9958394
TI  - Production of new charged leptons decaying into massive neutrinos.

PMID- 9958395
TI  - On estimating mean lifetimes by a weighted sum of lifetime measurements.

PMID- 9958396
TI  - Determination of the A parameter in supergravity models from Z0--> two gluinos.

PMID- 9958397
TI  - Penguin matrix elements in chiral perturbation theory and in vacuum insertion.

PMID- 9958399
TI  - Determining probabilities and momentum fractions from distribution amplitudes.

PMID- 9958398
TI  - Perturbative QCD and electromagnetic form factors.

PMID- 9958401
TI  - H-dibaryon spectroscopy.

PMID- 9958402
TI  - H-particle stability in the nonrelativistic quark model.

PMID- 9958400
TI  - Radiative-decay systematics and flavor-symmetry breaking from heavy quarks.

PMID- 9958403
TI  - Model for the dynamical generation of lepton, quark, and intermediate-boson
      masses.

PMID- 9958404
TI  - Phenomenology of composite technicolor standard models.

PMID- 9958405
TI  - Rephasing-invariant parametrizations of generalized Kobayashi-Maskawa matrices.

PMID- 9958406
TI  - Fritzsch mass matrix with the fourth generation and the renormalization-group
      equations.

PMID- 9958407
TI  - Flavor projection operators and applications to CP violation with any number of
      families.

PMID- 9958408
TI  - Quark-gluon plasma at finite baryon density: A large-Nc approach.

PMID- 9958409
TI  - Nontopological solitons in strongly coupled QED.

PMID- 9958411
TI  - New limits from single-photon searches at e+e- colliders.

PMID- 9958410
TI  - Comparison between the coherent-pair approximation and projection from a hedgehog
      Fock state in chiral soliton models.

PMID- 9958413
TI  - Calculations of standard-Higgs-boson production cross sections in e+e- collisions
      by means of a reasonable set of parameters.

PMID- 9958412
TI  - Signatures of vector-boson compositeness in e+e---> micro+ micro- for the
      strongly coupled standard model.

PMID- 9958414
TI  - Sufficiency of double correlations in polarization analyses.

PMID- 9958415
TI  - Isoscalar axial-vector form factor at high Q2.

PMID- 9958416
TI  - Kinetic coefficients for quark-antiquark plasma with quantum treatment of color.

PMID- 9958417
TI  - A peculiar relation between mass and energy with respect to the Schrodinger
      equation.

PMID- 9958418
TI  - Comment on "Muon polarization in KL0--> micro micro-bar decay as a test of CP
      violation models"

PMID- 9958419
TI  - Comments on the electron anomalous magnetic moment between conducting plates.

PMID- 9958421
TI  - Effective-Lagrangian calculation of the pi pi eta decay mode of the tau lepton.

PMID- 9958422
TI  - Implications of a precise Z-boson mass determination.

PMID- 9958420
TI  - Upper limit on B( tau --> eta pi nu ).

PMID- 9958424
TI  - Bounds on hadronic axions from stellar evolution.

PMID- 9958423
TI  - Axions and stars.

PMID- 9958425
TI  - Average energy density and the size of the Universe.

PMID- 9958426
TI  - Radiation from kinky, cuspless cosmic loops.

PMID- 9958427
TI  - Dissipationless clustering of neutrinos around a cosmic-string loop.

PMID- 9958428
TI  - Cosmic strings and Einstein-Rosen soliton waves.

PMID- 9958429
TI  - Gravitational wave pulse and soliton wave collision.

PMID- 9958431
TI  - Treatment of neutrino oscillations in a thermal environment.

PMID- 9958430
TI  - Fermion masses on the vortex world sheet.

PMID- 9958432
TI  - Magnetic moments of neutrinos: Particle and astrophysical aspects.

PMID- 9958433
TI  - Nuclear response of water Cherenkov detectors to supernova and solar neutrinos.

PMID- 9958434
TI  - Nonadiabatic level crossing in neutrino oscillations for an exponential solar
      density profile.

PMID- 9958435
TI  - Hamiltonian lattice gravity. Deformations of discrete manifolds.

PMID- 9958437
TI  - Scalar-tensor theory in higher-dimensional space-time with torsion.

PMID- 9958436
TI  - Gravitational radiation damping in systems with compact components.

PMID- 9958438
TI  - Experimental tests on unified theories of the scalar-vector-tensor type.

PMID- 9958439
TI  - Experimental test of the law of gravitation at small distances.

PMID- 9958441
TI  - Lifetime of a black hole.

PMID- 9958440
TI  - Reflections on moving mirrors.

PMID- 9958442
TI  - Conformal rotation in perturbative gravity.

PMID- 9958443
TI  - Conservation of probability and quantum cosmological singularities.

PMID- 9958444
TI  - Cosmological consequences of gravitationally interacting Planck-mass particles.

PMID- 9958446
TI  - Explicit illustration of causality violation: Noncausal relativistic wave-packet
      evolution.

PMID- 9958445
TI  - Quantum gravity: Observational constraints on a pair of Yukawa terms.

PMID- 9958447
TI  - Hamiltonian formalism for path-dependent Lagrangians.

PMID- 9958449
TI  - Abelian bosonization in curved space.

PMID- 9958448
TI  - Squeezing versus photon-number fluctuations.

PMID- 9958450
TI  - phi4 theory in 1+d dimensions at high temperature: Dimensional reduction.

PMID- 9958452
TI  - Stability of nonlinear spinor fields with application to the Gross-Neveu model.

PMID- 9958451
TI  - Nonstandard expansion techniques for the finite-temperature effective potential
      in lambda phi4 quantum field theory.

PMID- 9958453
TI  - Vacuum energy of M4 >= M >= N in even dimensions.

PMID- 9958454
TI  - Tensor and bispinor representation of massless fields.

PMID- 9958455
TI  - Relationship between supersymmetry and solvable potentials.

PMID- 9958456
TI  - Understanding complex perturbative effective potentials.

PMID- 9958457
TI  - Becchi-Rouet-Stora analysis of the bosonized chiral Schwinger model.

PMID- 9958459
TI  - Bound-state problem in quantum field theory: Linear and nonlinear dynamics.

PMID- 9958458
TI  - Systematic search for anomaly-free theories.

PMID- 9958460
TI  - Yang-Mills self-energy in a class of linear gauges.

PMID- 9958461
TI  - Absence of topological effects in the gauged SU(2) nonlinear sigma model in 2+1
      dimensions.

PMID- 9958462
TI  - Bifurcation in the Yang-Mills field equations with static sources.

PMID- 9958463
TI  - Global gauge transformations and conserved, gauge-invariant electric and magnetic
      charges in Yang-Mills gauge theories.

PMID- 9958464
TI  - Chiral anomaly for the Dirac operator in an instanton background via the Atiyah
      Patodi-Singer theorem.

PMID- 9958465
TI  - Continuum limit of lattice gauge theory: A perturbative study.

PMID- 9958466
TI  - SU(2) lattice gauge theory and the convergence of the t expansion.

PMID- 9958468
TI  - Properties of some self-dual monopoles.

PMID- 9958467
TI  - Universality and the Lambda parameter on a body-centered hypercubic lattice.

PMID- 9958469
TI  - Multibody quark forces in quantum chromodynamics.

PMID- 9958470
TI  - Two-loop modular invariance and proper spin-statistics projection for general
      boundary conditions.

PMID- 9958471
TI  - New constraints and residual symmetry breaking in fine strings.

PMID- 9958473
TI  - Derivative expansion and the solubility of two-dimensional models.

PMID- 9958472
TI  - Improved model of bosonic string.

PMID- 9958475
TI  - Real-time finite-temperature evolution equation for the Higgs field in an
      expanding universe.

PMID- 9958474
TI  - Power corrections from nonlocal terms in a Lagrangian.

PMID- 9958476
TI  - Finite-temperature and -density effects on electron self-mass and primordial
      nucleosynthesis.

PMID- 9958477
TI  - Functional integral for Weyl fermions and the effective action.

PMID- 9958478
TI  - Search for direct gamma production at low transverse momentum in 63-GeV pp
      collisions.

PMID- 9958479
TI  - Search for admixtures of massive neutrinos in the decay pi +--> micro++ nu.

PMID- 9958481
TI  - Search for grand unification monopoles and other ionizing heavy particles using a
      scintillation detector at the Earth's surface.

PMID- 9958480
TI  - Measurement of the properties of the eta ' and search for other resonances in
      gamma gamma --> eta pi 0 pi 0.

PMID- 9958482
TI  - Statistical properties of cosmic-ray showers at ground level determined from
      photomultiplier-tube background registrations.

PMID- 9958483
TI  - Analytic forms for the e+e- annihilation cross section near the Z including
      initial-state radiation.

PMID- 9958485
TI  - K+-nucleon central interaction in a quark potential model.

PMID- 9958484
TI  - Heavy-Higgs-boson production and W-W+ scattering processes in e-e+ collisions at
      high energy.

PMID- 9958486
TI  - Multiplicity distributions from branching equations with constant vertex
      probabilities.

PMID- 9958487
TI  - Statistical and dynamical aspects of hadronic clusters in high-energy collisions:
      Statistical methods.

PMID- 9958488
TI  - Physics of heavy-quark production in quantum chromodynamics.

PMID- 9958490
TI  - Double scattering and infrared sensitivity for nuclear targets.

PMID- 9958489
TI  - On the production and decay of neutral technicolor pseudoscalars.

PMID- 9958491
TI  - Multiplicity distribution in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9958492
TI  - Energy spectra of neutrino-induced upward muons in underground experiments.

PMID- 9958493
TI  - Renormalized photon couplings of the Delta (1232).

PMID- 9958495
TI  - Effective chiral Lagrangian of pseudoscalar and vector mesons.

PMID- 9958494
TI  - eta - eta ' mixing angle.

PMID- 9958496
TI  - Restrictions on tau ---> eta pi - nu in two-Higgs-doublet models.

PMID- 9958497
TI  - Electromagnetic structure of the proton and baryon spectrum in the
      nonrelativistic quark model.

PMID- 9958498
TI  - Isospin violations in baryons and the Sigma c0- Sigma c++ mass difference.

PMID- 9958499
TI  - Calculation of diquark masses in QCD.

PMID- 9958500
TI  - Hadron spectrum on an 18(3) x 42 lattice.

PMID- 9958501
TI  - Measuring the hadronic spectrum of the quark plasma.

PMID- 9958502
TI  - Probabilistic derivation of parton splitting functions.

PMID- 9958503
TI  - The Bethe-Maximon result.

PMID- 9958504
TI  - Measurement of the D0 lifetime from the upgraded Mark II detector at the SLAC e+e
      storage ring PEP.

PMID- 9958506
TI  - Does quark-gluon-plasma formation suppress charmonium production?

PMID- 9958505
TI  - Polarized-proton-proton scattering at 90 degrees in the c.m. system.

PMID- 9958507
TI  - Oscillation searches via neutrino-electron scattering.

PMID- 9958508
TI  - Radiative weak hyperon decays and the s-->d gamma transition.

PMID- 9958509
TI  - Lepton masses and SU(3)family-symmetry breaking.

PMID- 9958510
TI  - Nonstandard interaction and the W-Z mass relation.

PMID- 9958511
TI  - Breaking of supersymmetry degeneracy and phenomenological conditions.

PMID- 9958512
TI  - Narrow e+e- peaks in heavy-ion collisions and a possible new phase of QED.

PMID- 9958513
TI  - Narrow e+e- peaks in heavy-ion collisions as possible evidence of a confining
      phase of QED.

PMID- 9958514
TI  - Baryon density in a chiral soliton model.

PMID- 9958515
TI  - Multihadronic events at Ec.m.

PMID- 9958518
TI  - Angular distribution of W-boson pairs at a heavy Z resonance.

PMID- 9958517
TI  - Measurement of the average lifetime of hadrons containing bottom quarks.

PMID- 9958516
TI  - Production of four-prong final states in photon-photon collisions.

PMID- 9958519
TI  - Radiative corrections to the Z0 resonance.

PMID- 9958520
TI  - Top-quark production at electron-positron colliders.

PMID- 9958521
TI  - Production of leptoquark bosons in ultrahigh-energy neutrino interactions.

PMID- 9958522
TI  - Photoproduction of delta and Roper resonances in the cloudy bag model.

PMID- 9958523
TI  - Testing couplings of three vector bosons through hadron collisions at Fermilab
      Tevatron energy.

PMID- 9958524
TI  - Development of cascade showers in dense media.

PMID- 9958525
TI  - Low-energy atmospheric neutrinos.

PMID- 9958527
TI  - Semileptonic decays of top mesons.

PMID- 9958526
TI  - Fourth-generation t'-quarkonium formation and decay signatures.

PMID- 9958528
TI  - Inclusive B-meson decay rates.

PMID- 9958529
TI  - CP violation in KL--> pi + pi - gamma.

PMID- 9958530
TI  - Chiral-symmetry-breaking corrections in two-photon decays of pseudoscalar mesons.

PMID- 9958532
TI  - Spectroscopy of atomlike mesons Qq-bar in a semirelativistic theory.

PMID- 9958531
TI  - Mass spectrum of the strange dibaryon.

PMID- 9958533
TI  - Gauge-boson mass shifts for extended Higgs sectors.

PMID- 9958534
TI  - Self-consistency equation for the order parameter and restoration of chiral
      symmetry.

PMID- 9958535
TI  - From QCD to the low-energy effective action through composite fields: Goldstone's
      theorem and f pi.

PMID- 9958537
TI  - Dynamical composite models of electroweak bosons.

PMID- 9958536
TI  - E8 family unification, mirror fermions, and new low-energy physics.

PMID- 9958539
TI  - Geometry of spin effects in proton-proton scattering.

PMID- 9958540
TI  - Relative rates of W and Z events at the p-barp collider and nonstandard physics.

PMID- 9958538
TI  - Search for fractionally charged particles in (anti)neutrino-deuterium
      interactions.

PMID- 9958541
TI  - Number of neutrinos from W,Z hadroproduction: Last count.

PMID- 9958542
TI  - Multigluon processes and the Slavnov-Taylor identity.

PMID- 9958543
TI  - Erratum: Search for right-handed currents in muon decay

PMID- 9958544
TI  - The decay B-bar0--> pi +l- nu to probe Vbu.

PMID- 9958545
TI  - Low-, medium-, and high-transverse-energy events in hadron-hadron collisions?

PMID- 9958547
TI  - Do flavor conservation and spontaneous CP nonconservation lead to a real
      Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix?

PMID- 9958546
TI  - Signals for hadronic modes in the quark plasma.

PMID- 9958548
TI  - Gravitational light deflection and the dragging of inertial frames.

PMID- 9958549
TI  - Effect of the Sun's gravity on the distribution and detection of dark matter near
      the Earth.

PMID- 9958550
TI  - Astrophysical constraints on axion and Majoron couplings.

PMID- 9958551
TI  - General-relativistic implicit hydrodynamics in polar-sliced space-time.

PMID- 9958552
TI  - Solution of the horizon and flatness problems by multiple inflations.

PMID- 9958553
TI  - Inflation-produced, large-scale magnetic fields.

PMID- 9958555
TI  - Membrane viewpoint on black holes: Gravitational perturbations of the horizon.

PMID- 9958554
TI  - Bulk-viscosity-driven asymmetric inflationary universe.

PMID- 9958556
TI  - New family of exact solutions for colliding plane gravitational waves.

PMID- 9958557
TI  - Colliding almost-plane gravitational waves: Colliding plane waves and general
      properties of almost-plane-wave spacetimes.

PMID- 9958558
TI  - Quantum kinematics of spacetime. I. Nonrelativistic theory.

PMID- 9958559
TI  - Gravitational theta states and the wave function of the universe.

PMID- 9958561
TI  - Aspects of QED and non-Abelian gauge theories in S1

PMID- 9958560
TI  - Index theorems and superconducting cosmic strings.

PMID- 9958562
TI  - Massless scalar and antisymmetric tensor fields in de Sitter space.

PMID- 9958564
TI  - Quantum kinetic field theory in curved spacetime: Covariant Wigner function and
      Liouville-Vlasov equations.

PMID- 9958563
TI  - Nonequilibrium quantum fields: Closed-time-path effective action, Wigner
      function, and Boltzmann equation.

PMID- 9958565
TI  - Spontaneous compactification and coupling constants in R2 unified gauge theories.

PMID- 9958566
TI  - Conformal field theory and the geometry of second quantization.

PMID- 9958567
TI  - Global gauge anomalies for simple Lie algebras.

PMID- 9958568
TI  - Superrenormalizability in a model with supersymmetry breaking.

PMID- 9958569
TI  - Universal behavior of D-dimensional superstring models.

PMID- 9958570
TI  - Casimir force on a solid ball when epsilon ( omega ) micro( omega )=1.

PMID- 9958571
TI  - Feynman path integral for fermions.

PMID- 9958572
TI  - Chiral-symmetry breaking in QCD. III. Arbitrary covariant gauge.

PMID- 9958573
TI  - Exact ground-state properties of SU(3) Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9958574
TI  - Improved variational wave functions for SU(3) Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9958576
TI  - Regulating 1/(k+)n singularities in discrete light-cone quantization.

PMID- 9958575
TI  - Variational calculation of the spectrum of two-dimensional phi4 theory in light
      front field theory.

PMID- 9958578
TI  - Vacuum and excited states of Coulomb-gauge SU(n) Yang-Mills fields.

PMID- 9958577
TI  - N=(1/2 hidden symmetries.

PMID- 9958579
TI  - Transport theory of the quark-gluon plasma based on an operator-field Langevin
      equation.

PMID- 9958580
TI  - Vacuum contribution to the electric polarizability in 1+1 dimensions.

PMID- 9958581
TI  - On the magnitude of baryon-to-photon ratio inhomogeneities resulting from a first
      order quark-hadron transition.

PMID- 9958582
TI  - Domain walls with bound Bose condensates.

PMID- 9958583
TI  - Radiative corrections to the solar-neutrino counting rate in the gallium
      detector.

PMID- 9958584
TI  - Correction to "Acceleration radiation and the generalized second law of
      thermodynamics"

PMID- 9958585
TI  - Focusing process in the collision of gravitational plane waves.

PMID- 9958586
TI  - Limit properties of Feynman integrals in noncovariant algebraic gauges.

PMID- 9958587
TI  - Critical dimensions for chiral bosons.

PMID- 9958588
TI  - Hamiltonian formulation and BRS quantization of the fermionic string in the
      covariant gauge.

PMID- 9958589
TI  - Eigenmodes for fluctuations about the classical solutions in the generalized
      Liouville equation.

PMID- 9958590
TI  - Effective scalar field theory of p-adic string.

PMID- 9958591
TI  - Twisting, type-N vacuum gravitational fields with symmetries.

PMID- 9958592
TI  - Determination of alpha s from energy-energy correlations in e+e- annihilation at
      29 GeV.

PMID- 9958594
TI  - Experimental limit for the charge of the free neutron.

PMID- 9958593
TI  - Search for new, long-lived, neutral particles.

PMID- 9958595
TI  - Global charge conservation and hadronic multiplicity distribution in a rapidity
      window for e+e- processes.

PMID- 9958596
TI  - Radiative capture of stopped kaons: K-p--> Lambda gamma and K-p--> Sigma 0 gamma.

PMID- 9958597
TI  - Rapidity scaling of multiplicity distributions in a quantum-statistical approach.

PMID- 9958598
TI  - Multiparticle correlations from transverse-energy distributions.

PMID- 9958599
TI  - Delta sigma L(pp) and jet physics.

PMID- 9958600
TI  - Top-quark signatures at the Fermilab Tevatron collider.

PMID- 9958601
TI  - Hadronic production of charged Higgs bosons.

PMID- 9958602
TI  - Scalar-leptoquark production at hadron colliders.

PMID- 9958603
TI  - Higgs-boson production via pseudoscalar toponium.

PMID- 9958604
TI  - Semileptonic decays of heavy top mesons.

PMID- 9958605
TI  - Asymmetry between inclusive charmed and anticharmed modes in B0, B-bar0 decay as
      a measure of CP violation.

PMID- 9958606
TI  - Higgs-boson decay to one real and one virtual W boson.

PMID- 9958607
TI  - Strong-interaction effects on the baryon semileptonic decay form factors.

PMID- 9958609
TI  - Quarkonium annihilation rates.

PMID- 9958608
TI  - Electrons and photons trapped in bags of abnormal QED vacuum.

PMID- 9958610
TI  - Tensor-meson dominance and glueball candidate theta (1720).

PMID- 9958611
TI  - Generation-changing processes in two-Higgs-doublet models.

PMID- 9958612
TI  - Constraints on the Majoron interactions from the supernova SN1987A.

PMID- 9958613
TI  - Shock phenomena in supercooled baryon-free strongly interacting matter.

PMID- 9958614
TI  - Bose-Einstein correlation of particles produced by expanding sources.

PMID- 9958616
TI  - Realistic pseudoscalar-vector chiral Lagrangian and its soliton excitations.

PMID- 9958615
TI  - Color correlations in QCD plasma.

PMID- 9958617
TI  - Hadrons in an SL

PMID- 9958619
TI  - Elastic scattering in thick targets and edge scattering.

PMID- 9958618
TI  - Yukawa couplings and phenomenology of a three-generation superstring model with a
      new complex structure.

PMID- 9958620
TI  - Quantum beamstrahlung from ribbon pulses.

PMID- 9958621
TI  - Single-top-quark production in e+e- collisions via superstring Yukawa
      interactions.

PMID- 9958623
TI  - Mid-rapidity transverse-energy distributions and multisource model for hadron
      nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9958622
TI  - Baryon-nucleon scattering at low energies.

PMID- 9958624
TI  - Two-photon decay of pseudoscalar mesons in hot hadronic matter.

PMID- 9958626
TI  - Hyperfine splitting of P states in heavy quarkonia.

PMID- 9958625
TI  - Analysis of the rho mass spectrum in tau decay.

PMID- 9958627
TI  - Charged scalars and B0B-bar 0 mixing.

PMID- 9958628
TI  - Explicit sigma meson, topology, and the large-N limit of the Skyrmion.

PMID- 9958630
TI  - Analysis of QCD corrections to the decay Z-->W + hadrons.

PMID- 9958629
TI  - Erratum: eta - eta ' mixing angle

PMID- 9958632
TI  - Matter oscillations: Neutrino transformation in the Sun and regeneration in the
      Earth.

PMID- 9958633
TI  - Black-hole normal modes: A WKB approach. III. The Reissner-Nordstrom black hole.

PMID- 9958631
TI  - Angular distribution of events from SN1987A.

PMID- 9958635
TI  - Cosmological consequences of a rolling homogeneous scalar field.

PMID- 9958634
TI  - Signal modulation in cold-dark-matter detection.

PMID- 9958637
TI  - Gravitational field of a global string.

PMID- 9958636
TI  - Gravitational production of scalar particles in inflationary-universe models.

PMID- 9958638
TI  - Primordial nucleosynthesis: The effects of injecting hadrons.

PMID- 9958639
TI  - Theories of gravitation in two dimensions.

PMID- 9958640
TI  - Power-law-lapse time gauges.

PMID- 9958641
TI  - Electromagnetic characteristics of the dynamics of a self-gravitating
      quasineutral plasma.

PMID- 9958642
TI  - Formal commutators of the gravitational constraints are not well defined: A
      translation of Ashtekar's ordering to the Schrodinger representation.

PMID- 9958643
TI  - Entropy generation, particle creation, and quantum field theory in a cosmological
      spacetime: When do number and entropy increase?

PMID- 9958644
TI  - Semiclassical physics and quantum fluctuations.

PMID- 9958645
TI  - Simple form for the Gaussian equations in curved space.

PMID- 9958646
TI  - Bubbles without cores.

PMID- 9958647
TI  - Hamiltonian formulation of a gauge-invariant massive spin-(3/2 theory.

PMID- 9958648
TI  - Regularization ambiguities of the nonlinear sigma model in 2 and 2+ epsilon
      dimensions.

PMID- 9958649
TI  - Quantum fields out of thermal equilibrium.

PMID- 9958650
TI  - BRST quantization of a local supersymmetric chiral boson-fermion system.

PMID- 9958652
TI  - Schwinger terms of the super-Virasoro algebra in (1,0) superspace.

PMID- 9958651
TI  - Supersymmetric regularized path-integral measure in x space.

PMID- 9958654
TI  - Excited-state vertices for type-I superstrings.

PMID- 9958653
TI  - OSp(2,2||4) for open-string fields.

PMID- 9958656
TI  - Quantization of a constituent-string model in four dimensions.

PMID- 9958655
TI  - General coupling of strings to the low-energy effective theory.

PMID- 9958657
TI  - Scattering and decay theory for quaternionic quantum mechanics, and the structure
      of induced T nonconservation.

PMID- 9958658
TI  - Quantum-mechanical aspects of SU(3) Skyrme model in collective-coordinate
      quantization.

PMID- 9958659
TI  - Four-quark interactions in finite-temperature, SU(2), lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9958661
TI  - Hamiltonian lattice QCD at finite temperature and chemical potential. I. Minimum
      principle and Bogoliubov approximation.

PMID- 9958660
TI  - Complex Langevin solution to an effective theory of lattice QCD.

PMID- 9958662
TI  - Hamiltonian lattice QCD at finite temperature and chemical potential. II. Gauss
      law constraint on the thermal excitations.

PMID- 9958663
TI  - Thermodynamical properties of a class of models with non-Abelian internal
      symmetries at finite temperature and baryon number.

PMID- 9958664
TI  - Friedel oscillations in relativistic QED and QCD.

PMID- 9958665
TI  - Observable monochromatic photons from cosmic photino annihilation.

PMID- 9958666
TI  - Wick-Cutkosky model in the large-temperature limit.

PMID- 9958668
TI  - World surfaces of the conformal anomaly of the dual string.

PMID- 9958667
TI  - Calculating the two-loop effective potential of the Weinberg-Salam model.

PMID- 9958669
TI  - Bosonization of the ghost fields and one-loop partition function.

PMID- 9958670
TI  - Cosmological constant and the strong CP problem.

PMID- 9958671
TI  - Perfect-fluid cosmologies with extra dimensions.

PMID- 9958673
TI  - Partition-function approach to the Gaussian effective potential.

PMID- 9958672
TI  - Propagator in the fully fixed temporal gauge.

PMID- 9958674
TI  - Autonomous lambda phi4 theory in a time-dependent space-time.

PMID- 9958675
TI  - Finite-size effects and phase transitions.

PMID- 9958676
TI  - Comment on "Equivalence between the Thirring model and a derivative-coupling
      model"

PMID- 9958677
TI  - Comment on "Equivalence between the Thirring model and a derivative-coupling
      model"

PMID- 9958678
TI  - Erratum: Dual long-distance QCD

PMID- 9958680
TI  - Bosonic superconducting cosmic strings.

PMID- 9958679
TI  - Fields due to kinky, cuspless, cosmic loops.

PMID- 9958681
TI  - Dynamics of cosmic string.

PMID- 9958682
TI  - Supernova neutrinos and their oscillations.

PMID- 9958683
TI  - Hypercylindrical black holes.

PMID- 9958684
TI  - Weyl curvature tensor in static spherical sources.

PMID- 9958686
TI  - Dilatons, flatness, and the cosmological constant.

PMID- 9958685
TI  - Reading off gravitational radiation waveforms in numerical relativity
      calculations: Matching to linearized gravity.

PMID- 9958687
TI  - Supergravity solitons. I. General framework.

PMID- 9958688
TI  - Notes on the Hawking effect in de Sitter space. I.

PMID- 9958689
TI  - Notes on the Hawking effect in de Sitter space. II.

PMID- 9958690
TI  - High-energy unitarity of gravitation and strings.

PMID- 9958691
TI  - Strings on an orbifold with background gauge fields.

PMID- 9958692
TI  - Heterotic string on the simplest Calabi-Yau manifold and its orbifold limits.

PMID- 9958693
TI  - Regularized BRST-coordinate-invariant measure.

PMID- 9958694
TI  - Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin Hamiltonian method and the membrane model.

PMID- 9958695
TI  - Finite-temperature effects on the Gaussian effective potential.

PMID- 9958696
TI  - Solvable light-front model of a relativistic bound state in 1+1 dimensions.

PMID- 9958698
TI  - Hamiltonian analysis of topologically massive Yang-Mills theory.

PMID- 9958697
TI  - On the existence of the chiral Schwinger model.

PMID- 9958699
TI  - Deformation of symplectic structure and anomalous commutators in field theories.

PMID- 9958700
TI  - Poincare invariance of anomalous gauge theories.

PMID- 9958701
TI  - Are ghosts necessary in planar gauges?

PMID- 9958702
TI  - Overrelaxation algorithms for lattice field theories.

PMID- 9958703
TI  - Lanczos calculation of the spectrum of Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9958704
TI  - Hamiltonian strong-coupling expansions for (2+1)-dimensional quantum
      electrodynamics.

PMID- 9958705
TI  - String tension from the Schwinger-Dyson equation for a Wilson loop.

PMID- 9958707
TI  - Superconductivity: A testing ground for models of confinement.

PMID- 9958706
TI  - Some recoil corrections to the hydrogen hyperfine splitting.

PMID- 9958708
TI  - Operator method for finding new propagators from old.

PMID- 9958709
TI  - Bounds on the energy of the N-body problem with linear combinations of power-law
      potentials and the logarithmic potential.

PMID- 9958710
TI  - On the "averaged weak energy condition" and Penrose's singularity theorem.

PMID- 9958711
TI  - Bounds on light, weakly interacting particles from observational lifetimes of
      helium-burning stars.

PMID- 9958712
TI  - Neutrino vacuum oscillation and neutrino burst from SN1987A.

PMID- 9958713
TI  - BRST Hamiltonian quantization of a spinless particle in a curved background.

PMID- 9958714
TI  - Effect of zero modes in statistical mechanics.

PMID- 9958716
TI  - Lattice Hamiltonian in physical gauges.

PMID- 9958715
TI  - Non-Abelian theory for massive vector bosons and canonical quantization.

PMID- 9958718
TI  - Chiral anomaly for parafermions from stochastic quantization.

PMID- 9958717
TI  - Parity-violating anomalies and the stationarity of stochastic averages.

PMID- 9958719
TI  - Experimental limits on massive neutrinos from e+e- annihilations at 29 GeV.

PMID- 9958720
TI  - Search for structures in the p-barp--> pi + pi - and p-barp-->K+K- cross sections
      between 360 and 760 MeV/c.

PMID- 9958721
TI  - Precise measurement of the asymmetry parameter delta in muon decay.

PMID- 9958722
TI  - Search for axions from the 1115-keV transition of 65Cu.

PMID- 9958723
TI  - Skyrmions and meson-baryon reactions.

PMID- 9958724
TI  - Asymmetries of heavy leptons in E6 theories at hadron colliders.

PMID- 9958726
TI  - On the detection of ultrahigh-energy neutrinos.

PMID- 9958725
TI  - Electromagnetic component of 1014-10(16)-eV air showers.

PMID- 9958727
TI  - Resonant oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos with an underground muon detector.

PMID- 9958728
TI  - Exclusive decays B-->K(i) gamma resulting from b-->s gamma.

PMID- 9958729
TI  - Constraints on semileptonic B decays from the measurement of the D polarization
      in B-->De nu -bar.

PMID- 9958730
TI  - Charmless B decays involving baryons.

PMID- 9958731
TI  - Omega ---> Xi - gamma and Omega ---> Xi -l+l- decays and the single-quark
      transition model.

PMID- 9958733
TI  - Invisible decays of Higgs bosons in supersymmetric models.

PMID- 9958732
TI  - Kinematical aspects of nonleptonic multiparticle decays of heavy baryons.

PMID- 9958734
TI  - Decay constants, mass formulas, and mixings with radially excited states of the
      light and heavy ground-state pseudoscalar mesons.

PMID- 9958735
TI  - Splitting of the P states in heavy quarkonium systems and the nature of the spin
      dependent potential.

PMID- 9958736
TI  - 1P1 data and the hyperfine interaction in quarkonia.

PMID- 9958738
TI  - Chiral model of the nucleon and Delta isobar: The coherent-pair approximation.

PMID- 9958737
TI  - Stability of dimesons.

PMID- 9958739
TI  - Uniqueness of the relativistic nucleon state.

PMID- 9958740
TI  - Relativistic model of nucleon and pion structure: Static properties and
      electromagnetic soft form factors.

PMID- 9958741
TI  - Supersymmetry phenomenology and the nature of the lightest supersymmetric
      particle.

PMID- 9958743
TI  - Exotic quarks in superstring models: Implications on CP violation and heavy-meson
      mixing.

PMID- 9958742
TI  - Lepton-vector-lepton mixings and unitarity bounds.

PMID- 9958745
TI  - Cross sections for single-tagged two-photon production of resonances.

PMID- 9958744
TI  - Gauge-invariant sets of diagrams for P0-P-bar 0 mixing.

PMID- 9958746
TI  - Supersymmetric-charged-Higgs-boson production at the Superconducting Super
      Collider.

PMID- 9958747
TI  - Mirror families and radiative SU2 x U1 breaking.

PMID- 9958748
TI  - Erratum: Strangeness production in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. I.
      Chemical kinetics in the quark-gluon plasma

PMID- 9958750
TI  - Inflation as a transient attractor in R2 cosmology.

PMID- 9958749
TI  - Probing the nature of the neutrino: The boron solar-neutrino experiment.

PMID- 9958752
TI  - Relativistic fluid flows around cosmic strings.

PMID- 9958753
TI  - Internal structure and the spacetime of superconducting bosonic strings.

PMID- 9958751
TI  - Self-intersections in a three-parameter space of cosmic strings.

PMID- 9958755
TI  - Quantum cosmology and the initial state of the Universe.

PMID- 9958754
TI  - Numerical experiments with cosmic strings in flat spacetime.

PMID- 9958757
TI  - Wormholes in spacetime.

PMID- 9958756
TI  - Uniqueness of the tunneling wave function of the Universe.

PMID- 9958758
TI  - Supergravity solitons. II. The free case.

PMID- 9958759
TI  - Motion of massive bodies: Testing the nonsymmetric gravitation theory.

PMID- 9958760
TI  - Oklo phenomenon and the principle of equivalence.

PMID- 9958761
TI  - Berry's phase, locally inertial frames, and classical analogues.

PMID- 9958762
TI  - Majorana Feynman rules.

PMID- 9958763
TI  - Chiral-symmetry breaking in continuum two-dimensional QCD by an infrared method.

PMID- 9958764
TI  - Non-Abelian gauge invariance and the infrared approximation.

PMID- 9958766
TI  - Closed smooth strings on a torus.

PMID- 9958765
TI  - Complex Langevin simulations of non-Abelian integrals.

PMID- 9958768
TI  - String vertex on the Grassmann manifold.

PMID- 9958767
TI  - Off-shell amplitudes for open bosonic strings.

PMID- 9958769
TI  - Anomaly-free theories in D=4k dimensions.

PMID- 9958770
TI  - Debye potentials for monopoles in U(1) and SU(2): Identification of Higgs remnant
      in electrodynamics.

PMID- 9958771
TI  - Perturbative tests of a lattice fermion proposal of Quinn and Weinstein.

PMID- 9958773
TI  - The sphaleron strikes back: A response to objections to the sphaleron
      approximation.

PMID- 9958772
TI  - Lattice QCD at finite density.

PMID- 9958774
TI  - Nontrivial homotopy and tunneling by topological instantons.

PMID- 9958775
TI  - Dual long-distance QCD.

PMID- 9958777
TI  - Lunar laser ranging and laboratory Eotvos-type experiments.

PMID- 9958776
TI  - Light-front Hamiltonian approach to relativistic two- and three-body bound-state
      problems in 1+1 dimensions.

PMID- 9958778
TI  - Geometrical representation of neutrino oscillations in vacuum and matter.

PMID- 9958779
TI  - Stability of the vacuum in scalar field models in 1+1 dimensions.

PMID- 9958780
TI  - Becchi-Rouet-Stora structure and gauge-invariant actions for higher-spin fields.

PMID- 9958781
TI  - Critical dimension of strings with an extrinsic curvature.

PMID- 9958782
TI  - Variational analysis of the Gross-Neveu model in an S1 space.

PMID- 9958783
TI  - Four-dimensional SU(2) Yang-Mills theory on a pseudorandom lattice.

PMID- 9958785
TI  - Variation of the Fermi constant and primordial nucleosynthesis.

PMID- 9958784
TI  - N=2 case of non-Abelian bosonization.

PMID- 9958786
TI  - Comment on "A reduction of order two for infinite-order Lagrangians"

PMID- 9958787
TI  - Nonsinglet valence-quark distribution from neutrino-deuterium deep-inelastic
      scattering.

PMID- 9958788
TI  - Correlations among particles produced in proton interactions with emulsion nuclei
      at 800 GeV.

PMID- 9958789
TI  - Search for strange baryonium states in p-bard interactions at 8.9 GeV/c.

PMID- 9958790
TI  - Searches for Majoron production and other processes associated with pi -->e nu
      decay.

PMID- 9958791
TI  - New limits on light scalar and pseudoscalar particles produced in nuclear decay.

PMID- 9958792
TI  - Exotic-atom measurement of the magnetic dipole moment of the Sigma - hyperon.

PMID- 9958794
TI  - Structure-function analysis and psi, jet, W, and Z production: Determining the
      gluon distribution.

PMID- 9958793
TI  - Small-signal analysis in high-energy physics: A Bayesian approach.

PMID- 9958795
TI  - Heavy leptons at hadron supercolliders.

PMID- 9958797
TI  - Pair production in transport equations.

PMID- 9958796
TI  - Axigluon production in hadronic collisions.

PMID- 9958799
TI  - Hadronic transitions and 1P1 states of heavy quarkonia.

PMID- 9958798
TI  - Cascade simulation of ultrarelativistic collisions.

PMID- 9958801
TI  - Electromagnetic transition properties of Delta to proton.

PMID- 9958800
TI  - Correlation between decay planes in Higgs-boson decays into a W pair (into a Z
      pair).

PMID- 9958802
TI  - Mixing effects on Z-boson properties in E6 theories.

PMID- 9958804
TI  - Glueball candidate iota (1460) and quarkonium-gluonium mixing.

PMID- 9958803
TI  - Mixing of the photon with low-mass particles.

PMID- 9958806
TI  - Null-plane formulation of Bethe-Salpeter qqq dynamics: Baryon mass spectra.

PMID- 9958805
TI  - Gupta-Radford-Repko potential and the properties of the Upsilon system.

PMID- 9958807
TI  - On the stability of the Skyrme-model soliton with unit Hopf charge.

PMID- 9958808
TI  - Bag formation in the presence of vector mesons. II. Inclusion of scalars.

PMID- 9958809
TI  - Model for light-cone quark confinement dynamics.

PMID- 9958811
TI  - Low-energy electroweak model from E6 x E'6 preons.

PMID- 9958810
TI  - Phenomenological constraints on grand unification in superstring-inspired models.

PMID- 9958813
TI  - Solvable model of beam-beam effects in e+e- colliding storage rings.

PMID- 9958812
TI  - Coupled-bunch instability in a circular accelerator and possible cures:
      Longitudinal-phase-space simulation.

PMID- 9958815
TI  - Nonperturbative QCD order parameters from e+e- data by analytic continuation.

PMID- 9958814
TI  - New production mechanisms for exotic quarks of superstring-inspired E

PMID- 9958816
TI  - Diffractive and nondiffractive gamma gamma processes.

PMID- 9958818
TI  - Can CP nonconservation in the quark mixing matrix start at order G3?

PMID- 9958817
TI  - Electromagnetic width of the sigma meson from the sigma model.

PMID- 9958819
TI  - Erratum: Comments on the relation between the mass of R Upsilon (1(1)P1) and the
      QCD scale parameter Lambda M-barS-bar

PMID- 9958821
TI  - First-order chiral phase transition with a realistic current-quark spectrum.

PMID- 9958820
TI  - Search for sequential heavy leptons in e+e- collisions at sqrt s-bar=52 GeV.

PMID- 9958822
TI  - Motion of the Earth and the detection of weakly interacting massive particles.

PMID- 9958823
TI  - Plasmon decay into low-mass bosons in stars.

PMID- 9958824
TI  - Implications of the triplet-Majoron model for the supernova SN1987A.

PMID- 9958826
TI  - Analytic conditions for three-neutrino resonant oscillations in matter.

PMID- 9958825
TI  - Resonant spin-flavor precession of solar and supernova neutrinos.

PMID- 9958828
TI  - Cosmic strings in an expanding spacetime.

PMID- 9958827
TI  - Quark-hadron phase transition in the early Universe: Isothermal baryon-number
      fluctuations and primordial nucleosynthesis.

PMID- 9958830
TI  - Tail-transported temporal correlations in the dynamics of a gravitating system.

PMID- 9958829
TI  - On theories of gravitation with nonlinear Lagrangians.

PMID- 9958831
TI  - Supergravity solitons. III. The background problem.

PMID- 9958832
TI  - Hyperspherical Rindler space, dimensional reduction, and de Sitter-space scalar
      field theory.

PMID- 9958833
TI  - Chiral anomaly of antisymmetric tensor fields.

PMID- 9958834
TI  - Variational calculations and renormalization.

PMID- 9958835
TI  - Novel perturbative scheme in quantum field theory.

PMID- 9958837
TI  - Line functional theory for strings. I.

PMID- 9958836
TI  - S-matrix generating functional and effective action.

PMID- 9958838
TI  - Line functional theory for strings. II. Spins and symmetries.

PMID- 9958840
TI  - String unification and threshold effects.

PMID- 9958839
TI  - Finite-temperature amplitudes in open-string systems.

PMID- 9958842
TI  - Fourier acceleration in lattice gauge theories. I. Landau gauge fixing.

PMID- 9958841
TI  - Perturbative analysis of the Gauss-law anomaly in chiral gauge theories.

PMID- 9958843
TI  - Fourier acceleration in lattice gauge theories. II. Matrix inversion and the
      quark propagator.

PMID- 9958845
TI  - Schwinger model on a finite-element lattice.

PMID- 9958844
TI  - Short-range interactions in the effective theory for Wilson lines.

PMID- 9958847
TI  - Analytic approach to weak-coupling SU(2) Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9958846
TI  - Nonequivalent stochastic models in lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9958848
TI  - SU(2) gauge theory in a constant chromomagnetic background field.

PMID- 9958850
TI  - Supersymmetry in a two-dimensional interacting fermionic model.

PMID- 9958849
TI  - SU(N) global gauge anomalies in even dimensions.

PMID- 9958851
TI  - Calculating boson and fermion loops in 3+1 dimensions and the derivative
      expansion.

PMID- 9958852
TI  - Non-Abelian chiral bag model and its dependence on the boundary.

PMID- 9958853
TI  - Remarks on the first two events in the supernova burst observed by Kamiokande II.

PMID- 9958854
TI  - Neutrino masses and flavors emitted in the supernova SN1987A.

PMID- 9958855
TI  - Positivity of Bondi mass for R+R2 gravity.

PMID- 9958856
TI  - Consistent spin-one theories by Kaluza-Klein dimensional reduction.

PMID- 9958857
TI  - Stress tensors from effective potentials.

PMID- 9958859
TI  - Glueballs from spontaneous strings.

PMID- 9958858
TI  - Conformal counterterms and boundary conditions for open strings.

PMID- 9958860
TI  - Path-integral derivation of the Chern-Simons terms in heterotic string theories.

PMID- 9958861
TI  - Induced fermionic charge in background gauge theories in odd space-time
      dimensions.

PMID- 9958863
TI  - Erratum: Systematic search for anomaly-free theories

PMID- 9958862
TI  - The Berry phase and the Hannay angle.

PMID- 9958865
TI  - Coherent rho + production in neutrino-neon interactions.

PMID- 9958864
TI  - Charm production in nonresonant e+e- annihilations at sqrt s =10.55 GeV.

PMID- 9958868
TI  - Are the e+e- and lp multiplicity distributions Poissonian?

PMID- 9958867
TI  - Photino flux limits from the Harvard-Purdue-Wisconsin underground detector.

PMID- 9958866
TI  - Measurement of the tau lifetime.

PMID- 9958869
TI  - Strong-interaction effects in parity violation in pp scattering.

PMID- 9958870
TI  - Probing the three-vector-boson vertex at hadron colliders.

PMID- 9958871
TI  - Possible method for finding a heavy Higgs boson.

PMID- 9958873
TI  - Momentum correlations in heavy-quark hadroproduction.

PMID- 9958872
TI  - Photon pair production and the intermediate-mass Higgs boson.

PMID- 9958875
TI  - Analyses of moments in pseudorapidity intervals at sqrt s =546 GeV by means of
      two probability distributions in pure-birth process.

PMID- 9958876
TI  - Geometrical branching model: Correlations and jets.

PMID- 9958874
TI  - Charm and the rise of the pp-bar total cross section.

PMID- 9958877
TI  - Hadron production in hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions in the dual
      Monte Carlo multichain fragmentation model.

PMID- 9958878
TI  - Pattern of J/ psi suppression in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9958879
TI  - Transformation of neutron polarization in polarized media and tests of T
      invariance.

PMID- 9958880
TI  - CP-violating lepton asymmetry due to B-B-bar mixing.

PMID- 9958881
TI  - Top-quark issues at high-energy e+e- colliders.

PMID- 9958882
TI  - Do data on W and Z decays already constrain nonstandard physics?

PMID- 9958883
TI  - Gluino decay patterns and signatures.

PMID- 9958884
TI  - On the Wilson coefficient of the penguin operator.

PMID- 9958885
TI  - Weak radiative baryon decays in the Skyrme model.

PMID- 9958886
TI  - Neutrino masses in superstring-inspired models.

PMID- 9958887
TI  - Derivation of the formalism for neutrino matter oscillations from the neutrino
      relativistic field equations.

PMID- 9958888
TI  - Heavy leptons and the electric dipole moment of the electron.

PMID- 9958889
TI  - SU(6) violations due to one-gluon exchange.

PMID- 9958890
TI  - Isoscalar-meson mass shift due to the two-gluon intermediate state.

PMID- 9958891
TI  - Dirac quantization of pi rho omega solitons.

PMID- 9958892
TI  - Chiral nontopological solitons with perturbative quantum pions.

PMID- 9958893
TI  - Two-body Dirac equations for meson spectroscopy.

PMID- 9958894
TI  - Experimental test for arion photon oscillations in a homogeneous constant
      magnetic field.

PMID- 9958896
TI  - Implications of the decay Ds--> pi + pi - pi +

PMID- 9958895
TI  - Improving the heavy-Higgs-boson two-charged-lepton-two-neutrino signal.

PMID- 9958897
TI  - Potentially large contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment from weak
      isosinglet squarks in E6 superstring models.

PMID- 9958898
TI  - Constraints from the Drell-Hearn-Gerasimov sum rule in chiral models of composite
      fermions.

PMID- 9958899
TI  - Nonperturbative treatment of the gluonic ground state of QCD.

PMID- 9958901
TI  - Nucleon-nucleon scattering amplitudes and the classical scattering of Skyrmions.

PMID- 9958900
TI  - Search for the decay D0-->e+e-

PMID- 9958902
TI  - Nucleon distribution amplitudes from a relativistic quark model.

PMID- 9958903
TI  - Resonant axion-photon conversion in magnetized plasma.

PMID- 9958904
TI  - Strangeness condensation and cooling of neutron stars.

PMID- 9958905
TI  - Limits on mass of the neutrino.

PMID- 9958906
TI  - Nonequilibrium thermodynamic fluctuations of black holes.

PMID- 9958907
TI  - Post-inflationary era and baryogenesis.

PMID- 9958908
TI  - Thermal fluctuations in new inflation.

PMID- 9958909
TI  - Stochastic gravity-wave background in inflationary-universe models.

PMID- 9958910
TI  - What is the relation between Delta phi and micro for a cosmic string?

PMID- 9958911
TI  - Back-reaction of a scalar quantum field on curved space: An exact solution of the
      semiclassical equations.

PMID- 9958913
TI  - Baryon-number inhomogeneity generation in the cosmic quark-hadron phase
      transition.

PMID- 9958912
TI  - Growth of scalar-field quantum fluctuations in Robertson-Walker universes.

PMID- 9958915
TI  - Triad approach to the Hamiltonian of general relativity.

PMID- 9958914
TI  - Scalar-field fluctuations and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe.

PMID- 9958916
TI  - Colliding electromagnetic shock waves in general relativity.

PMID- 9958917
TI  - Exact solutions of the massive Klein-Gordon-Schwarzschild equation.

PMID- 9958918
TI  - Supergravity solitons. IV. Effective soliton interaction.

PMID- 9958919
TI  - Gravitational vacuum polarization around static spherical stars.

PMID- 9958920
TI  - Quantum effects of interacting fields in the early Universe.

PMID- 9958921
TI  - Generalized Wigner functions in curved spaces: A new approach.

PMID- 9958922
TI  - Renormalized evolution equations for the back-reaction problem with a self
      interacting scalar field.

PMID- 9958923
TI  - Calculating the effective action for a self-interacting scalar quantum field
      theory in a curved background spacetime.

PMID- 9958924
TI  - Quasi-invariance and central extensions.

PMID- 9958925
TI  - Functional representation for fermionic quantum fields.

PMID- 9958926
TI  - Stable field configurations in the large-N limit: Stochastic approach.

PMID- 9958927
TI  - Decompositions of representations of exceptional affine algebras with respect to
      conformal subalgebras.

PMID- 9958929
TI  - Space-time fermions and superghosts from the bosonic string: Generation of
      OSp(9,1||2) x OSp(3,3||6) affine superalgebra.

PMID- 9958928
TI  - Evaluation of the conformal anomaly of Polyakov's string theory by the stochastic
      quantization method.

PMID- 9958930
TI  - Beta-function computation without the use of normal coordinates.

PMID- 9958932
TI  - D-dimensional instantons in D+1 dimensions: A physical model for interactions.

PMID- 9958931
TI  - Soliton-antisoliton annihilation in 1+1 dimensions: Time-dependent Hartree
      approach.

PMID- 9958934
TI  - Chiral-symmetry breaking in QCD. I. The infrared domain.

PMID- 9958933
TI  - Confinement and a dual structure in the generalized chiral Schwinger model.

PMID- 9958935
TI  - Chiral-symmetry breaking in QCD. II. Running coupling constant.

PMID- 9958936
TI  - Phase structure of lattice SU(2) QCD with finite chemical potential.

PMID- 9958937
TI  - Semiclassical analysis of the weak-coupling limit of SU(2) lattice gauge theory:
      The subspace of constant fields.

PMID- 9958938
TI  - Linear lattice gauge theory with Nicolai mapping.

PMID- 9958939
TI  - Dual potentials in non-Abelian gauge theories.

PMID- 9958940
TI  - Pseudodeconfinement and dynamical confinement in the quark plasma.

PMID- 9958941
TI  - Cosmic strings in extra dimensions.

PMID- 9958942
TI  - Effective string tension in the finite-temperature smooth-string model.

PMID- 9958943
TI  - Flow-gauge Slavnov-Taylor identities for Zwanziger's gauge fixing.

PMID- 9958945
TI  - Comparison of quantization methods for anomalous chiral models.

PMID- 9958944
TI  - Charge screening in classical scalar electrodynamics.

PMID- 9958947
TI  - Superconducting Thirring model.

PMID- 9958946
TI  - Comments on dynamical mass versus superconducting gap generation.

PMID- 9958948
TI  - Boundary conditions and renormalization in anti-de Sitter supersymmetry.

PMID- 9958950
TI  - Comment on a paper by Pauli and Brodsky.

PMID- 9958949
TI  - Response to "Boundary conditions and renormalization in anti-de Sitter
      supersymmetry"

PMID- 9958951
TI  - Quantization on the light cone: Response to a Comment by Hagen.

PMID- 9958952
TI  - Absence of the nonrenormalizable superpotential in the sigma -model perturbation
      for smooth (0,2) compactifications.

PMID- 9958953
TI  - Invariant Berry connections.

PMID- 9958954
TI  - Production and decay properties of the omega pi 0 state at 1250 MeV/c2 produced
      by 20-GeV polarized photons on hydrogen.

PMID- 9958956
TI  - Transient-response induction detectors for magnetic monopoles: First operation at
      78 K.

PMID- 9958957
TI  - W-Z interference in nu -nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9958958
TI  - The reaction gamma gamma --> pi 0 pi 0 and chiral loops.

PMID- 9958955
TI  - Measurement of the D0, D+, and Ds+ lifetimes.

PMID- 9958959
TI  - Flux-tube rearrangement and meson-meson scattering.

PMID- 9958960
TI  - Multijet cross sections in hadronic collisions.

PMID- 9958961
TI  - Poisson-distributed cluster models for multiparticle production.

PMID- 9958962
TI  - Rapidity-interval dependence of multiplicity fluctuation.

PMID- 9958963
TI  - Approximate higher-order corrections and changes of scales in large-pT physics.

PMID- 9958965
TI  - WW production at supercollider energies.

PMID- 9958964
TI  - Comparison of discovery limits for E6 neutral gauge bosons at future colliders.

PMID- 9958967
TI  - New phase of QED?

PMID- 9958966
TI  - Diffusion of charmed quarks in the quark-gluon plasma.

PMID- 9958968
TI  - Excited weak gauge bosons at colliders.

PMID- 9958970
TI  - Two-body decays of neutralinos and charginos.

PMID- 9958969
TI  - Radiative corrections to heavy-Higgs-scalar production and decay.

PMID- 9958972
TI  - Analytic expression for baryon semileptonic decay rate.

PMID- 9958971
TI  - Role of longitudinally polarized W 's in slepton production and decay.

PMID- 9958974
TI  - M1 transitions involving the D states of quarkonia.

PMID- 9958973
TI  - B-meson decays and the Weinberg Higgs-boson model of CP violation.

PMID- 9958975
TI  - Hadronic transitions of D-wave quarkonium.

PMID- 9958976
TI  - Radiative and pionic decays of the D mesons and the magnetic moment of the
      charmed quark.

PMID- 9958977
TI  - Effects of d-state quarks on the nucleon electric form factors.

PMID- 9958978
TI  - Neutrinoless double-beta decay with Majoron emission.

PMID- 9958979
TI  - Highly accurate solution of the neutron-antineutron-transition problem in an
      external oscillating magnetic field.

PMID- 9958980
TI  - Reexamining the Fritzsch-Stech SO(10) model of quarks and leptons.

PMID- 9958982
TI  - Sudakov suppression of color correlations in multiparton scattering.

PMID- 9958981
TI  - Particle-antiparticle and hybrid bound states involving exotic colored fermions.

PMID- 9958983
TI  - Zero-point energy in flux-tube confinement.

PMID- 9958984
TI  - Supersymmetry breaking in superstring-inspired models.

PMID- 9958985
TI  - Uncertainties in the np interaction at medium energies.

PMID- 9958986
TI  - Z0Z0 and W+W- pair production at supercollider energies.

PMID- 9958987
TI  - Charmonium states in the quark-gluon plasma.

PMID- 9958988
TI  - Top-quark decays when mt

PMID- 9958989
TI  - Long-distance-physics approach to the D pi and D* pi decays of B mesons.

PMID- 9958990
TI  - Comparison of the vector- and axial-vector-meson exchange contributions to the
      decay rate of the short-lived neutral kaon into two photons.

PMID- 9958991
TI  - Static electromagnetic properties of baryons in the chiral soliton model and in
      the naive quark model for three flavors and an arbitrary number of colors.

PMID- 9958992
TI  - Formation of spin-one mesons by photon-photon fusion.

PMID- 9958994
TI  - Apparent observation of abnormally large coherent scattering cross sections using
      keV and MeV range antineutrinos, and solar neutrinos.

PMID- 9958993
TI  - New measurements of properties of the Omega - hyperon.

PMID- 9958996
TI  - Deep-inelastic scattering in a modified bag model.

PMID- 9958995
TI  - Polarization effects in e+e--->Z0 gamma.

PMID- 9958998
TI  - Hadroproduction of W+/- pairs in an extended electroweak model.

PMID- 9958997
TI  - Stochastical dynamics and charge conservation in hadronization.

PMID- 9958999
TI  - Production of flavor-changing gauge bosons from E6 at e+e- and hadron colliders.

PMID- 9959001
TI  - Cosmic-ray neutrinos in the atmosphere.

PMID- 9959000
TI  - High-energy nucleon-nucleus scattering and cosmic-ray cross sections.

PMID- 9959002
TI  - Nonlinear effects in the flux-tube model for ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus
      collisions.

PMID- 9959003
TI  - Production and detection of the Higgs bosons of the simplest E6-based superstring
      inspired model.

PMID- 9959004
TI  - Solution to the puzzle of Gamma (D0-->K+K-)/ Gamma (D0--> pi + pi -) in a unified
      approach to D--> pi K-bar,KK-bar, and pi pi and K--> pi pi decays.

PMID- 9959005
TI  - Decay of mesons in flux-tube quark model.

PMID- 9959006
TI  - Relativistic analysis of neutron beta decay at finite density.

PMID- 9959007
TI  - Relativistic theory of the decay of upsilon into Higgs boson + photon.

PMID- 9959008
TI  - Relativistic treatment of light quarks in D and B mesons and W-exchange weak
      decays.

PMID- 9959009
TI  - Pion decay of baryons in a flux-tube quark model.

PMID- 9959010
TI  - Dynamical chiral-symmetry breaking and determination of the quark masses.

PMID- 9959011
TI  - D-wave quarkonium levels of the Upsilon family.

PMID- 9959013
TI  - Gauge and Higgs bosons in a model of generation nonuniversality.

PMID- 9959012
TI  - Flavor-octet dibaryons in the quark model.

PMID- 9959014
TI  - Flavor-changing effects via Higgs particles in E6 superstring-inspired models.

PMID- 9959015
TI  - Generalization of Sirlin's asymptotic theorem in a class of gauge theories based
      on SU(2) x U(1) x G.

PMID- 9959016
TI  - Radiative-induced fermion masses.

PMID- 9959017
TI  - Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix from the leading-order solution of the n-generation
      Fritzsch model.

PMID- 9959018
TI  - Skyrme model and strong-coupling model.

PMID- 9959019
TI  - Skyrme model including rho and A1 mesons.

PMID- 9959020
TI  - Finite-size effect in the Schwinger particle-production mechanism.

PMID- 9959021
TI  - Diquark clusters in the quark-gluon plasma.

PMID- 9959022
TI  - Spontaneous CP violation in theories with low-energy supersymmetry.

PMID- 9959023
TI  - Nonperturbative unification in the manner of Maiani, Parisi, and Petronzio at
      intermediate energies.

PMID- 9959024
TI  - Synchrotron radiation along the radial direction.

PMID- 9959025
TI  - W+W- pair production at resonances in the SU(2)L x SU(2)R x U(1) model.

PMID- 9959026
TI  - Interference effects and the longitudinal fraction in the process gg-->ZZ.

PMID- 9959027
TI  - Flavor-symmetry breaking and strong CP violation in the Skyrme model.

PMID- 9959028
TI  - Comment on the DeGrand-Miettinen model for the polarization of lambda in proton
      proton collisions.

PMID- 9959029
TI  - Modeling polarization asymmetry.

PMID- 9959030
TI  - A comment on Suzuki's model for composite vector mesons.

PMID- 9959031
TI  - Erratum: Yukawa couplings and phenomenology of a three-generation superstring
      model

PMID- 9959033
TI  - Z0-->ggg via AVV triangle diagram.

PMID- 9959032
TI  - Axigluons in the Upsilon system.

PMID- 9959034
TI  - Three-generation models with chiral-color interactions.

PMID- 9959035
TI  - Constraint on nonmetric theories of gravity from supernova 1987A.

PMID- 9959036
TI  - Mossbauer null red-shift experiment.

PMID- 9959037
TI  - Phenomenological aspects of new gravitational forces. IV. New terrestrial
      experiments.

PMID- 9959038
TI  - Astrophysical evidence for a weak new force?

PMID- 9959039
TI  - Initial conditions of a stringy universe.

PMID- 9959040
TI  - Topological picture of cosmic-string self-intersection.

PMID- 9959041
TI  - Rotating black hole in an external electromagnetic field.

PMID- 9959042
TI  - Naked singularities and the hoop conjecture: An analytic exploration.

PMID- 9959043
TI  - Distinct family of colliding gravitational waves in general relativity.

PMID- 9959044
TI  - Quantum kinematics of spacetime. II. A model quantum cosmology with real clocks.

PMID- 9959045
TI  - Spherically symmetric solutions of general second-order gravity.

PMID- 9959047
TI  - Changing coupling "constants" and violation of the equivalence principle.

PMID- 9959046
TI  - Magnetized Schwarzschild solution in five-dimensional gravity.

PMID- 9959048
TI  - Marginally trapped surfaces in a simplicial space.

PMID- 9959049
TI  - Existence and stability of nontopological strings.

PMID- 9959051
TI  - Geometric derivation of string field theory from first principles: Closed strings
      and modular invariance.

PMID- 9959050
TI  - Third quantization and the Wheeler-DeWitt equation.

PMID- 9959052
TI  - Modular-invariant closed-string field theory.

PMID- 9959053
TI  - Cosmological aspects of the heterotic string above the Hagedorn temperature.

PMID- 9959054
TI  - Topological approach to Weyl and super-Weyl anomalies in string theory.

PMID- 9959056
TI  - Light-cone gauge in Polyakov's theory.

PMID- 9959055
TI  - Renormalizing handles and holes in string theory.

PMID- 9959057
TI  - Soliton-particle scattering and Berry's phase.

PMID- 9959058
TI  - Generation structure and superpotential in string compactification on N=2
      superconformal field theory.

PMID- 9959059
TI  - N=2 twisted supermodular transformation on a supertorus.

PMID- 9959060
TI  - Quantum evolution of an unstable field in a de Sitter-space thermal bath.

PMID- 9959062
TI  - Renormalization and conformal properties of sigma models on Riemannian space with
      torsion.

PMID- 9959061
TI  - On the hidden supersymmetry in stochastic quantization.

PMID- 9959063
TI  - Gauged BRS symmetry for the Weyl x Lorentz x diffeomorphism group.

PMID- 9959065
TI  - Gauge independence of the local trace anomaly of vectors and antisymmetric tensor
      fields.

PMID- 9959064
TI  - Non-Abelian gauge theories with Weyl fermions: The stochastic quantization
      approach.

PMID- 9959066
TI  - Quantum theory of nonlocal vortex fields.

PMID- 9959067
TI  - Canonical quantization of the interacting CP1 nonlinear sigma model with the
      Chern-Simons term.

PMID- 9959068
TI  - Multiloop integrals, counterterms, and renormalization of Yang-Mills theories in
      the light-cone gauge.

PMID- 9959069
TI  - Non-Abelian gauge couplings at finite temperature and density.

PMID- 9959070
TI  - Quasiperiodic instantons.

PMID- 9959071
TI  - Skyrme topological soliton coupled to gravity.

PMID- 9959072
TI  - Lattice lambda phi4 theory with Yukawa couplings to staggered fermions.

PMID- 9959074
TI  - Quenched monopoles in lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9959073
TI  - Operator renormalization group.

PMID- 9959075
TI  - Hamiltonian lattice QCD at finite temperature and chemical potential. III.
      Critical curve of symmetry restoration for arbitrary number of colors and
      flavors.

PMID- 9959076
TI  - More on the QCD phase diagram at finite temperatures.

PMID- 9959077
TI  - Light-front QCD in the vacuum background.

PMID- 9959079
TI  - Reduction of the Breit Coulomb equation to an equivalent Schrodinger equation,
      and investigation of the behavior of the wave function near the origin.

PMID- 9959078
TI  - Dimensional reduction in finite-temperature quantum chromodynamics. II.

PMID- 9959080
TI  - Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin treatment of collective coordinates.

PMID- 9959081
TI  - Limits on CP invariance in general relativity.

PMID- 9959082
TI  - Weyl tensor and gravitational entropy.

PMID- 9959084
TI  - Gravitational time delay due to a spinning string.

PMID- 9959083
TI  - Spin-(3/2 massless field in a Kerr-Newman background metric.

PMID- 9959085
TI  - Static potential and the deconfinement temperature for Weyl-invariant rigid
      string.

PMID- 9959086
TI  - High-temperature expansion of the free energy of a massive scalar field in a
      curved space.

PMID- 9959087
TI  - Blow-up in nonlinear models of extended particles with confined constituents.

PMID- 9959088
TI  - Superconducting Schwinger model.

PMID- 9959089
TI  - Vacuum contribution to the electric polarizability in 1+1 dimensions-An addendum.

PMID- 9959090
TI  - Comment on "Bosonization in the chiral Schwinger model"

PMID- 9959091
TI  - Erratum: Minkowski Bessel modes

PMID- 9959092
TI  - Statistical study of tau-decay data.

PMID- 9959093
TI  - pi -p charge-exchange analyzing power from 547 to 687 MeV/c.

PMID- 9959094
TI  - Search for neutral metastable penetrating particles produced in the SLAC beam
      dump.

PMID- 9959096
TI  - Neutral current and the sum rules for spin-dependent electroproduction.

PMID- 9959095
TI  - Method of determining the gluon structure function from the cross section for the
      inelastic photoproduction of J/ psi.

PMID- 9959097
TI  - Particle productivity in pp and pA collisions.

PMID- 9959099
TI  - Multisource model and stochastic properties of multiparticle production in high
      energy nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9959098
TI  - Charge conservation and representations of non-single-diffractive multiplicity
      distributions.

PMID- 9959100
TI  - Associated transverse energy in hadronic jet production.

PMID- 9959101
TI  - Nonstandard neutral weak boson and elastic electron-proton scattering.

PMID- 9959102
TI  - Production of the intermediate-mass Higgs boson in future electron-positron
      colliders.

PMID- 9959103
TI  - Production mechanisms for nonminimal Higgs bosons at an e+e- collider.

PMID- 9959104
TI  - Composite leptoquarks in hadronic colliders.

PMID- 9959105
TI  - Signatures for fourth-generation quarks and a heavy top quark at the
      Superconducting Super Collider.

PMID- 9959106
TI  - Transverse-momentum distribution of Higgs bosons at the Superconducting Super
      Collider.

PMID- 9959107
TI  - Can the Higgs bosons of the minimal supersymmetric model be detected at a hadron
      collider via two-photon decays?

PMID- 9959108
TI  - Branching ratio for a light Higgs boson to decay into micro+ micro- pairs.

PMID- 9959109
TI  - Searching for axicolor in toponium decays.

PMID- 9959110
TI  - Higgs-boson radiative corrections to the decay 3S1(QQ-bar)-->H gamma.

PMID- 9959111
TI  - The decay eta c-->pp-bar in a quark-diquark scheme.

PMID- 9959112
TI  - QCD short-distance enhancement in KL--> gamma gamma.

PMID- 9959114
TI  - Lattice calculation of weak amplitudes of D and B mesons.

PMID- 9959113
TI  - Deuteron as a toroidal Skyrmion.

PMID- 9959115
TI  - Radiatively induced seesaw mechanism for neutrino masses.

PMID- 9959116
TI  - Supergravity-induced E8 gauge hierarchies.

PMID- 9959117
TI  - Chiral-symmetry breaking at finite temperatures.

PMID- 9959119
TI  - Standard-model predictions for Bs0 weak decays.

PMID- 9959118
TI  - Chiral parameters in a Coulomb-gauge model of chiral-symmetry breaking.

PMID- 9959120
TI  - Effects of nonstandard gamma WW and ZWW vertices on spin asymmetries at
      supercollider energies.

PMID- 9959121
TI  - Nonperturbative quantum electrodynamics in a photon-condensate background field.

PMID- 9959122
TI  - Comment on "Small-signal analysis in high-energy physics: A Bayesian approach"

PMID- 9959123
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Small-signal analysis in high-energy physics: A Bayesian
      approach' "

PMID- 9959125
TI  - Dissociation kinetics and momentum-dependent J/ psi suppression in a quark-gluon
      plasma.

PMID- 9959124
TI  - chi 2(3555) hadroproduction and the polarized-gluon structure function.

PMID- 9959126
TI  - Finite-size effects in pair production by an external field.

PMID- 9959127
TI  - Neutrino flavor conversion in supernova 1987A.

PMID- 9959128
TI  - Clusters of galaxies from cosmic strings.

PMID- 9959130
TI  - Quantum effects in homogeneous multidimensional cosmologies.

PMID- 9959129
TI  - Axions and the anthropic principle.

PMID- 9959132
TI  - Adiabatic methods in the functional Schrodinger picture.

PMID- 9959131
TI  - Reducibility of parametrized systems.

PMID- 9959133
TI  - Graviton emission by a thermal bath of photons.

PMID- 9959134
TI  - Dynamics of charged bubbles in general relativity and models of particles.

PMID- 9959135
TI  - Relativistic charged-boson plasma in a magnetic field. II.

PMID- 9959137
TI  - Spin-(3/2 gravitational trace anomaly.

PMID- 9959136
TI  - Scalar field in a seven-dimensional manifold behaving as an SO(3)-covariant
      spinor field in space-time.

PMID- 9959138
TI  - Semitopological solitons.

PMID- 9959139
TI  - Exact classical solution for a Dirac field coupled to a pseudoscalar phi4 field
      theory.

PMID- 9959140
TI  - Twisted Thirring interaction and gauge-symmetry breaking in N=1 supersymmetric
      superstring models.

PMID- 9959141
TI  - Improvement of the derivative expansion.

PMID- 9959142
TI  - On-shell expansion of the effective action: S matrix and the ambiguity-free
      stability criterion.

PMID- 9959143
TI  - Wilson loops in the fermion-non-Abelian-vortex system.

PMID- 9959144
TI  - Two-photon-exchange force between charged systems: Spinless particles.

PMID- 9959145
TI  - Ultraviolet-improved gauge technique and the effective quark propagator in QCD.

PMID- 9959146
TI  - Horizontal branch stars and the neutrino signal from SN 1987A.

PMID- 9959147
TI  - Limits on contribution of cosmic nuclearites to galactic dark matter.

PMID- 9959148
TI  - Conserved energy for Robertson-Walker spacetimes with scalar fields.

PMID- 9959150
TI  - Dynamics of the lambda phi4 kink.

PMID- 9959149
TI  - Evaluation of the conformal anomaly of N=1 superstring theory by the stochastic
      quantization method.

PMID- 9959151
TI  - Dimensional reduction of higher-order topological invariants: The case CPn.

PMID- 9959152
TI  - Calculation of off-diagonal elements of the heat kernel.

PMID- 9959153
TI  - More on the two-dimensional O(4) sigma model.

PMID- 9959155
TI  - Chiral anomaly at finite temperature.

PMID- 9959154
TI  - Symmetries of the massless Dirac equation in Minkowski space.

PMID- 9959157
TI  - Comment on "Dynamics of false-vacuum bubbles"

PMID- 9959156
TI  - Comment on "Quantum gravity: Observational constraints on a pair of Yukawa terms"

PMID- 9959158
TI  - Infrared fixed points in asymptotically free field theories: What do they tell
      us?

PMID- 9959159
TI  - Noise behavior of the Garching 30-meter prototype gravitational-wave detector.

PMID- 9959160
TI  - Optimization of long-baseline optical interferometers for gravitational-wave
      detection.

PMID- 9959162
TI  - Numerical analysis of thermal fluctuations in new inflation.

PMID- 9959161
TI  - Observation in the Kamiokande-II detector of the neutrino burst from supernova
      SN1987A.

PMID- 9959163
TI  - Non-Gaussian perturbations from inflationary dynamics.

PMID- 9959164
TI  - Gravitational Faraday rotation induced by a Kerr black hole.

PMID- 9959165
TI  - Quantum cosmology with electromagnetism.

PMID- 9959167
TI  - Spin-two fields, general covariance, and conformal invariance.

PMID- 9959166
TI  - Fluid-flow description of density irregularities in the Universe.

PMID- 9959168
TI  - Rotating cosmic strings and gravitational soliton waves.

PMID- 9959169
TI  - Holonomy transformation and Aharonov-Bohm effect in an Einstein-Maxwell space
      time.

PMID- 9959171
TI  - Minkowski Bessel modes.

PMID- 9959170
TI  - Gupta-Bleuler quantization of massive superparticle models in 6, 8, and 10
      dimensions.

PMID- 9959172
TI  - Dynamics and symmetries of a field partitioned by an accelerated frame.

PMID- 9959173
TI  - Spectrum of the Casimir effect.

PMID- 9959174
TI  - Dual operators and phase structure of the Z(4)-symmetric scalar field theory in
      2+1 dimensions.

PMID- 9959175
TI  - Functional representation of the superconformal group in two dimensions.

PMID- 9959176
TI  - Generalized index theorem for string superconductivity in realistic models.

PMID- 9959177
TI  - Finite-temperature string theory and twisted tori.

PMID- 9959178
TI  - Involution-dependent constants and the cancellation of divergences in the one
      loop open-string amplitude.

PMID- 9959179
TI  - Smooth strings at large dimension.

PMID- 9959180
TI  - Axial anomaly and Schwinger terms in two-dimensional general quantum field
      theory.

PMID- 9959181
TI  - Charged-vortex solution to spontaneously broken gauge theories with Chern-Simons
      term.

PMID- 9959182
TI  - Perturbative quantization of the chiral Schwinger model.

PMID- 9959183
TI  - Correct Fujikawa regularization prescription in the chiral Schwinger model and
      the Wess-Zumino term.

PMID- 9959185
TI  - Quarks, noise, and the lattice.

PMID- 9959184
TI  - Chiral gauge theories on a lattice and application to the chiral Schwinger model.

PMID- 9959186
TI  - Axial anomaly and staggered fermions in the coordinate-space interpretation.

PMID- 9959187
TI  - Simulation of bosonized lattice fermion theories.

PMID- 9959189
TI  - Nonperturbative treatment of the functional Schrodinger equation in QCD.

PMID- 9959188
TI  - Linearizable quantum supersymmetric sigma models.

PMID- 9959190
TI  - Self-consistent model of confinement.

PMID- 9959191
TI  - Landau-Zener approximations for resonant neutrino oscillations.

PMID- 9959192
TI  - Neutrinos from SN1987A and the Cl experiment at the Homestake mine.

PMID- 9959193
TI  - Motion of test particles and light rays around massive conducting cosmic string.

PMID- 9959194
TI  - Gauge Higgs dynamics in the loop space.

PMID- 9959195
TI  - Remarks on noncompact sigma models.

PMID- 9959196
TI  - On the existence of localized solutions in self-consistent Yang-Mills-matter
      systems.

PMID- 9959197
TI  - Properties of a finite-temperature supersymmetric ensemble.

PMID- 9959198
TI  - Comment on "Calculating the weak scale in supergravity models"

PMID- 9959199
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Calculating the weak scale in supergravity models' "

PMID- 9959200
TI  - An improved presentation of a novel perturbative scheme in field theory.

PMID- 9959201
TI  - Erratum: Spectral decomposition of the perturbation response of the Schwarzschild
      geometry

PMID- 9959202
TI  - Spin-parameter measurements in Lambda and KS production.

PMID- 9959203
TI  - Measurement of the imaginary part of the I=1 N-barN S-wave scattering length.

PMID- 9959204
TI  - Measurement of pion-proton bremsstrahlung for pions at 299 MeV.

PMID- 9959206
TI  - Exclusive production of heavy mesons in e+e- annihilation.

PMID- 9959205
TI  - Contained neutrino interactions in an underground water detector.

PMID- 9959207
TI  - Vector- and tensor-meson production and the Pomeron-f identity hypothesis.

PMID- 9959208
TI  - A dependence in nuclear Drell-Yan processes including QCD corrections.

PMID- 9959209
TI  - Strange-baryon production via charge-changing weak currents in high-energy
      electron-capture reactions.

PMID- 9959210
TI  - CP violation in KL--> pi 0e+e-: Interference of one-photon and two-photon
      exchange.

PMID- 9959211
TI  - B-meson rare decays in two-Higgs-doublet models.

PMID- 9959212
TI  - b --> s gamma in the two-Higgs-doublet model.

PMID- 9959213
TI  - Doubly Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka-rule-violating effects in J/ psi decays.

PMID- 9959215
TI  - Tau missing-decay-mode problem and limits on a second tau neutrino.

PMID- 9959214
TI  - Radiative decays of the K-p atom.

PMID- 9959216
TI  - Anomaly-induced amplitudes of new gauge bosons.

PMID- 9959217
TI  - On estimating mean lifetimes in the presence of background.

PMID- 9959218
TI  - Anomalous moments of W bosons in broken-supersymmetric models.

PMID- 9959220
TI  - Three-family Fritzsch and Stech models with minimal and two-doublet Higgs
      structures.

PMID- 9959219
TI  - Analysis of the mixing matrix in a model with coincident quark electroweak and
      mass eigenstates.

PMID- 9959221
TI  - Mixing between ordinary and exotic fermions.

PMID- 9959222
TI  - Lepton-number violation and massless nonorthogonal neutrinos.

PMID- 9959223
TI  - Quark and lepton masses in superstring-type models with mirror families.

PMID- 9959224
TI  - Analytical and semiclassical aspects of matter-enhanced neutrino oscillations.

PMID- 9959225
TI  - Strange-quark content of the proton.

PMID- 9959226
TI  - Leptonic decay constant fB of the B(bd-bar) meson and the b-quark mass.

PMID- 9959227
TI  - Lattice pseudoscalar-meson wave-function properties.

PMID- 9959228
TI  - Simple supersymmetric strongly coupled preon model.

PMID- 9959229
TI  - Rosen-type derivation of the quark mixing matrix in three- and four-generation
      schemes.

PMID- 9959230
TI  - Cumulative beam break-up in a periodic linac.

PMID- 9959231
TI  - Disruption effects from the interaction of round e+e- beams.

PMID- 9959234
TI  - Higgs-boson-Z0 production from gluon fusion.

PMID- 9959233
TI  - Charged-particle multiplicity distribution and partition temperature.

PMID- 9959232
TI  - Observation of psi production in e+e- annihilation at 29 GeV.

PMID- 9959235
TI  - Nonperturbative unification of technicolor.

PMID- 9959236
TI  - High-transverse-momentum hadron-hadron correlations in sqrt s =38.8 GeV proton
      proton interactions.

PMID- 9959237
TI  - Determination of the gravitational constant at an effective mass separation of 22
      m.

PMID- 9959238
TI  - Neutral-current reactions of solar and supernova neutrinos on deuterium.

PMID- 9959239
TI  - Excitation of quasinormal ringing of a Schwarzschild black hole.

PMID- 9959241
TI  - Hamiltonian lattice gravity. II. Discrete moving-frame formulation.

PMID- 9959240
TI  - Stability of a collapsed scalar field and cosmic censorship.

PMID- 9959242
TI  - Quantization of Robertson-Walker geometry coupled to a spin-(3/2 field.

PMID- 9959243
TI  - Renormalized graviton stress-energy tensor in curved vacuum space-times.

PMID- 9959244
TI  - Are there causal vacuum solutions with the symmetries of the Godel universe in
      higher-derivative gravity?

PMID- 9959245
TI  - Gauged Yang-Mills-Einstein supergravity with three-index field in seven
      dimensions.

PMID- 9959246
TI  - Inhomogeneous nucleosynthesis with neutron diffusion.

PMID- 9959247
TI  - Are cosmic strings frustrated?

PMID- 9959248
TI  - Anomalous particle creation, spectral asymmetry, and superconducting strings.

PMID- 9959250
TI  - Quantum probability distributions in the early Universe. I. Equilibrium
      properties of the Wigner equation.

PMID- 9959249
TI  - Inertial interpretation of the Unruh effect.

PMID- 9959251
TI  - Quantum probability distributions in the early Universe. II. The quantum Langevin
      equation.

PMID- 9959252
TI  - Cosmological domain-wall problem in the E8 x E8 superstring theory.

PMID- 9959253
TI  - One-loop corrections to the four-graviton interaction in type-II superstring
      theory and heterotic string theory.

PMID- 9959254
TI  - BRST-invariant tadpole calculation and diagrammatic formalism in the bosonic
      string.

PMID- 9959255
TI  - Diffeomorphism cohomology in quantum-field-theory models.

PMID- 9959256
TI  - Lagrangian and Hamiltonian BRST structures of the antisymmetric tensor gauge
      theory.

PMID- 9959257
TI  - Practical application of the unitary approximation to infrared singularities.

PMID- 9959258
TI  - Variational approach to lattice quantum mechanics.

PMID- 9959260
TI  - Studies of a model that interpolates between SU(2) and U(1) lattice gauge
      theories.

PMID- 9959259
TI  - Exact method for nonlinear fermions on finite lattice: Two dimensions.

PMID- 9959261
TI  - Equivalence of Dirac-Kahler and staggered lattice fermions in two dimensions.

PMID- 9959262
TI  - Tests of globally corrected hybrid updating.

PMID- 9959263
TI  - Global Monte Carlo algorithms for many-fermion systems.

PMID- 9959265
TI  - Light-cone quantization on the lattice.

PMID- 9959264
TI  - Renormalization of charge due to magnetic monopoles in the Villain form of U(1)
      lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9959267
TI  - Finite-temperature transition for QCD with heavy quarks.

PMID- 9959266
TI  - Tuning the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm.

PMID- 9959269
TI  - New perturbative calculation of the fermion-boson mass ratio in a supersymmetric
      quantum field theory.

PMID- 9959268
TI  - Derivation of chiral anomalies and commutator anomalies in a fixed-time
      regularization method.

PMID- 9959270
TI  - Strengths of shell-focusing singularities in marginally bound collapsing self
      similar Tolman spacetimes.

PMID- 9959272
TI  - Cosmological constraints on the radiative decay of heavy neutrinos in the fourth
      generation.

PMID- 9959271
TI  - Neutrino decay catalyzed by the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect.

PMID- 9959273
TI  - Neutrino electromagnetic spin-flip interactions in the Sun.

PMID- 9959274
TI  - New axionic instantons in quantum gravity.

PMID- 9959275
TI  - Energy-density spectrum of the vacuum around a cosmic string.

PMID- 9959276
TI  - Massive amplitudes of the open superstring.

PMID- 9959277
TI  - Ricci-flat and D=26 conditions from the string functional measures.

PMID- 9959279
TI  - Self-dual fields and the Thirring model.

PMID- 9959278
TI  - Four-dimensional parafermionic string.

PMID- 9959280
TI  - Stochastic derivation of conformal anomaly.

PMID- 9959281
TI  - Metropolis overrelaxation for lattice gauge theory for general relaxation
      parameter omega.

PMID- 9959283
TI  - "Gravitational" contributions to n-n-bar oscillations in vacuum.

PMID- 9959282
TI  - Onset of dynamical chaos in topologically massive gauge theories.

PMID- 9959284
TI  - Formation of the pseudoscalars pi 0, eta, and eta ' in the reaction gamma gamma -
      > gamma gamma.

PMID- 9959285
TI  - High-mass dimuon production in p-barN and pi -N interactions at 125 GeV/c.

PMID- 9959286
TI  - Hadronic interactions and primary-cosmic-ray composition at energies around
      10(15)-10(16) eV derived from the analysis of high-energy gamma families.

PMID- 9959287
TI  - Properties of hadron families observed with thick-type emulsion chambers at Mts.
      Kanbala and Fuji and search for Centauro events.

PMID- 9959288
TI  - Primary-cosmic-ray protons above 1015 eV derived from the observation of
      superhigh-energy halo events.

PMID- 9959289
TI  - Heavy-Higgs-boson production and vector-boson scattering processes in e+e-
      collisions at high energy.

PMID- 9959290
TI  - Transverse-polarization effects at ep colliders.

PMID- 9959291
TI  - Reanalysis of weak radiative decays of hyperons.

PMID- 9959292
TI  - Final-state scattering in W+/- and Z0 decay.

PMID- 9959293
TI  - Hadronic transition amplitudes under null-plane Bethe-Salpeter dynamics.

PMID- 9959294
TI  - Anomalous magnetic moment of the muon and neutral-current constraints in a
      supersymmetric SU(2)L x U(1)I3R x U(1)B-L model inspired by superstring theories.

PMID- 9959295
TI  - Limits on photino and squark masses from proton lifetime in supergravity models.

PMID- 9959297
TI  - Effective Lagrangian for low-energy hadron physics with anomalies.

PMID- 9959296
TI  - Model dependence of the chargino mass bound from the CERN collider data.

PMID- 9959298
TI  - Generalization of the Skyrme model for the unified theory of pions and nucleons.

PMID- 9959299
TI  - Search for diquark clustering in baryons.

PMID- 9959300
TI  - Substructure of the strongly interacting Higgs sector.

PMID- 9959302
TI  - Meson properties at finite density from SU(3)f quark dynamics.

PMID- 9959301
TI  - Slightly massive photon.

PMID- 9959303
TI  - Nonlinear distortions of rotating chiral solitons.

PMID- 9959304
TI  - Aspects of the chiral quark model.

PMID- 9959305
TI  - ?

PMID- 9959306
TI  - Do all gauge interactions have a universal coupling?

PMID- 9959307
TI  - Do we understand Ds+--> eta pi + and Ds+--> eta ' pi +?

PMID- 9959309
TI  - B0B-bar 0 mixing signal from B0 and Bs0 meson production between the Upsilon (4S)
      and Upsilon (6S).

PMID- 9959308
TI  - Search for W-->cs-bar, Z-->cc-bar,bb-bar in muon-jet events at the CERN proton
      antiproton collider.

PMID- 9959310
TI  - Photon-cloud effects on isomultiplet mass differences of charmed and uncharmed
      baryons.

PMID- 9959312
TI  - Minimal model of spontaneous T-invariance violation with an invisible axion.

PMID- 9959311
TI  - Thermal expansion and critical temperature in a geometric representation of quark
      deconfinement.

PMID- 9959314
TI  - Spin structure functions and gluon exchange.

PMID- 9959313
TI  - Erratum: Superheavy-quarkonium production and decays: A new Higgs-boson signal

PMID- 9959315
TI  - Constraints on left-right-symmetric models from neutron decay.

PMID- 9959317
TI  - New bounds on neutrino magnetic moments from stellar collapse.

PMID- 9959316
TI  - Relativistic effects in local inertial frames including parametrized-post
      Newtonian effects.

PMID- 9959319
TI  - General-relativistic radiation hydrodynamics and neutrino transport in polar
      sliced space-time.

PMID- 9959318
TI  - Anomalous propagation of neutrino beams through dense media.

PMID- 9959320
TI  - Zero modes and anomalies in superconducting strings.

PMID- 9959321
TI  - Dynamical cosmic strings from a gauge theory of gravity.

PMID- 9959323
TI  - Singularities in the collisions of almost-plane gravitational waves.

PMID- 9959322
TI  - Structure of the singularities produced by colliding plane waves.

PMID- 9959324
TI  - Some new cosmological results of quadratic Lagrangians.

PMID- 9959326
TI  - Wave packets in minisuperspace.

PMID- 9959325
TI  - Einstein equivalence principle and theories of gravitation: A gravitationally
      modified standard model.

PMID- 9959327
TI  - Particle number and random phases.

PMID- 9959328
TI  - Quasiboson excitation spectrum of the relativistic quantum scalar plasma in the
      Hartree-Vlasov approximation.

PMID- 9959330
TI  - Quantum probability distributions in the early Universe. III. A geometric
      representation of stochastic systems.

PMID- 9959329
TI  - Baryogenesis from a Chern-Simons condensate.

PMID- 9959331
TI  - Scalar and spinor Casimir energies in even-dimensional Kaluza-Klein spaces of the
      form M4 x SN1 x SN2 x

PMID- 9959332
TI  - Tachyons and perturbative unitarity.

PMID- 9959333
TI  - Quantized strings on Riemann surfaces and the string-field-theory vertex.

PMID- 9959335
TI  - Symmetry behavior in the Einstein universe: Gaussian approximation in the
      Schrodinger picture.

PMID- 9959334
TI  - New formulas for the arbitrary four-point amplitudes in open-string theory.

PMID- 9959337
TI  - Geometric quantum phase and angles.

PMID- 9959336
TI  - Supersymmetry anomaly in ten dimensions.

PMID- 9959338
TI  - Covariant operators and the classical limit of the Dirac equation with a color
      field.

PMID- 9959339
TI  - Global gauge anomaly and James numbers of Stiefel manifolds.

PMID- 9959340
TI  - New approach to one-loop calculations in gauge theories.

PMID- 9959341
TI  - Mechanisms of spontaneous symmetry breaking in the fermionic construction of
      superstring models.

PMID- 9959342
TI  - Off-diagonal long-range order in a monopole-fermion system.

PMID- 9959343
TI  - Instabilities of the chiral-symmetry-breaking ground state in a truncation-free
      expansion.

PMID- 9959344
TI  - Chiral-symmetry breaking in dual QCD.

PMID- 9959345
TI  - From baglike models to the large-Nc limit via the Abelian projection.

PMID- 9959346
TI  - Static minimum-energy path from a vacuum to a sphaleron in the Weinberg-Salam
      model.

PMID- 9959347
TI  - Methods of extrapolating the t-expansion series.

PMID- 9959348
TI  - Critical exponents of SU(2) gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions.

PMID- 9959349
TI  - Masses in periodic QED.

PMID- 9959350
TI  - Gauge invariance on a momentum-space lattice.

PMID- 9959351
TI  - Finite-temperature phase transitions in lattice QCD with Langevin simulation.

PMID- 9959352
TI  - Parametrization of SU(3).

PMID- 9959353
TI  - Chiral symmetry at finite temperatures and densities in the Coulomb gauge.

PMID- 9959354
TI  - What will the 98Mo solar-neutrino experiment measure?

PMID- 9959355
TI  - Generalization of the Fortuin-Kasteleyn-Swendsen-Wang representation and Monte
      Carlo algorithm.

PMID- 9959356
TI  - Erratum: Study of correlations in fermionic matter

PMID- 9959357
TI  - Can neutrinos be the galactic missing mass?

PMID- 9959358
TI  - Antiproton-proton annihilation at rest into pi 0M and gamma M with M= phi, eta ',
      omega, rho 0, eta, and pi 0.

PMID- 9959359
TI  - Neutrino production by 400-GeV/c protons in a beam-dump experiment.

PMID- 9959360
TI  - High-precision measurement of polarized- Sigma - beta decay.

PMID- 9959361
TI  - Search for rare muon decays with the Crystal Box detector.

PMID- 9959362
TI  - Search for muon-electron and muon-positron conversion.

PMID- 9959364
TI  - New approach to test the hypothesis of compositeness.

PMID- 9959363
TI  - New searches for the C-noninvariant decay pi 0-->3 gamma and the rare decay pi 0-
      >4 gamma.

PMID- 9959365
TI  - Supersymmetric jets from toponium decay.

PMID- 9959366
TI  - S-wave squarkonium production in e+e- collisions via superstring Yukawa
      couplings.

PMID- 9959367
TI  - Phenomenology of a horizontal gauge boson in e+e- collisions.

PMID- 9959368
TI  - Searching for charged Higgs bosons at ~(1/2-1-TeV e+e- colliders.

PMID- 9959369
TI  - Quark production rule in e+e--->two jets.

PMID- 9959370
TI  - New low-energy theorems in nucleon Compton scattering.

PMID- 9959371
TI  - Polarizations and spin correlations in the NN-->N Delta reaction.

PMID- 9959372
TI  - pi - pi scattering and chiral Lagrangians.

PMID- 9959373
TI  - Scaling and correlations of squeezed coherent distributions: Application to
      hadronic multiplicities.

PMID- 9959374
TI  - Multiplicity distributions and Bose-Einstein correlations in high-energy
      multiparticle production in the presence of squeezed coherent states.

PMID- 9959376
TI  - Natural seesaw mechanism, eV-keV-MeV-type neutrino spectrum, and cosmology.

PMID- 9959375
TI  - Radiative corrections to tau -->V+ nu tau decay.

PMID- 9959378
TI  - Modification of the equivalence theorem due to loop corrections.

PMID- 9959377
TI  - Fermion mass matrix, horizontal CP violation, and natural flavor conservation in
      electroweak theories with horizontal flavor chirality.

PMID- 9959379
TI  - Hadron masses with two quark flavors.

PMID- 9959380
TI  - Studies of confinement: How quarks and gluons propagate.

PMID- 9959381
TI  - Muon-induced radioactivity in underground detectors.

PMID- 9959382
TI  - Process-independent radiative-correction formula for single-tag and double-tag
      measurements of gamma gamma reactions.

PMID- 9959383
TI  - Role of chiral scalar and pseudoscalar in two-photon production of a superlight
      gravitino.

PMID- 9959385
TI  - Decay of the loosely bound or resonant Lambda Lambda -bar state and comparison
      with recent experimental data.

PMID- 9959384
TI  - Semi-inclusive rapidity distributions from entropy maximization.

PMID- 9959386
TI  - Wolfenstein-type parametrization of the quark mixing matrix.

PMID- 9959387
TI  - Dynamical chiral-symmetry breaking and exotic quark representations.

PMID- 9959388
TI  - Erratum: Next-to-leading-order contributions to R= sigma L/ sigma T in QCD

PMID- 9959389
TI  - Production prospects for Higgs bosons in chiral-color models.

PMID- 9959390
TI  - Probing gamma WW couplings through pp-bar-->W gamma X at the Fermilab Tevatron.

PMID- 9959392
TI  - Recycling in laser-interferometric gravitational-wave detectors.

PMID- 9959391
TI  - Lower bound on the Higgs-boson mass with a heavy top quark.

PMID- 9959394
TI  - Effect of finite mass on gravitational transit time.

PMID- 9959393
TI  - Multimode resonant gravitational-wave antennas: How many modes is enough?

PMID- 9959395
TI  - Numerical rates for nucleon-nucleon, axion bremsstrahlung.

PMID- 9959396
TI  - Gravitational radiation from type-II supernovae: The effect of the high-density
      equation of state.

PMID- 9959397
TI  - Cross sections, relic abundance, and detection rates for neutralino dark matter.

PMID- 9959398
TI  - Stability of boson stars.

PMID- 9959399
TI  - Stochastic inflation and superstring models.

PMID- 9959401
TI  - Expressions for linearized perturbations in ideal-fluid cosmological models.

PMID- 9959400
TI  - Probability of Bianchi type-I inflation.

PMID- 9959402
TI  - Solution of the Einstein-Strauss problem with a Lambda term.

PMID- 9959403
TI  - Harmonic synchronizations of spacetime.

PMID- 9959404
TI  - Symmetry behavior in cosmological spacetimes: Effect of slowly varying background
      fields.

PMID- 9959406
TI  - Black holes in string-generated gravity models.

PMID- 9959405
TI  - Black-hole thermodynamics in Lovelock gravity.

PMID- 9959408
TI  - Invariant path integration and the covariant functional measure for Einstein
      gravitation theory.

PMID- 9959407
TI  - Response of accelerated detectors in coherent states and the semiclassical limit.

PMID- 9959409
TI  - Derivation of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation from a path integral for minisuperspace
      models.

PMID- 9959410
TI  - Central charge, trace and gravitational anomalies in two dimensions.

PMID- 9959411
TI  - Grassmannian Kaluza-Klein theory and the standard model.

PMID- 9959412
TI  - BRST-invariant N-superstring vertices.

PMID- 9959413
TI  - Optimized expansion in quantum field theory of massive fermions with ( psi -bar
      psi )2 interaction.

PMID- 9959415
TI  - New nonperturbative calculation: Renormalization and the triviality of ( lambda
      phi4)4 field theory.

PMID- 9959414
TI  - Feynman rules for the delta expansion.

PMID- 9959416
TI  - Chiral anomalies and point-splitting regularization.

PMID- 9959417
TI  - Functional derivatives, Green's functions, and effective potentials on the
      Hamiltonian lattice.

PMID- 9959418
TI  - Energy-momentum tensor in scalar QED.

PMID- 9959419
TI  - Renormalization of Yang-Mills theories in axial gauges within a uniform
      prescription.

PMID- 9959420
TI  - Non-Abelian gauge couplings at finite temperature in the general covariant gauge.

PMID- 9959421
TI  - BRS and anti-BRS symmetries in the planar gauge.

PMID- 9959422
TI  - BRS analysis of the non-Abelian chiral Schwinger model.

PMID- 9959423
TI  - Exact ground state, mass gap, and string tension in lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9959424
TI  - Weak-coupling analysis of chiral gauge theories on a lattice.

PMID- 9959425
TI  - Massive fermions in the non-Abelian vortex field.

PMID- 9959426
TI  - QED on a circle.

PMID- 9959427
TI  - Symmetry restoration of scalar models at finite temperature.

PMID- 9959428
TI  - Testing the principle of equivalence with neutrino oscillations.

PMID- 9959429
TI  - Chiral bosonization and vanishing of the three-point amplitude at two loops in
      the heterotic string.

PMID- 9959430
TI  - Effective potential versus bosonization.

PMID- 9959431
TI  - Dispersion relation of the pion in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model.

PMID- 9959432
TI  - Two-body Dirac equation with a scalar linear potential.

PMID- 9959433
TI  - Erratum: Forced harmonic oscillator with damping and thermal effects

PMID- 9959434
TI  - Fujikawa-type formulation of gauged BRST symmetry for the free bosonic string.

PMID- 9959435
TI  - Canonical analysis of the one-parameter teleparallel theory.

PMID- 9959436
TI  - Electroweak studies in e+e- collisions: 12< sqrt s<46.78 GeV.

PMID- 9959437
TI  - Investigation of the total charm-pair cross section in nonresonant e+e-
      annihilations at sqrt s =10.5 GeV.

PMID- 9959440
TI  - Study of hadronic J/ psi decays involving phi and omega production.

PMID- 9959439
TI  - Measurements of J/ psi decays into a vector and a pseudoscalar meson.

PMID- 9959438
TI  - Comparison of low-PT photon production in high- and low-multiplicity collisions
      at the CERN ISR.

PMID- 9959442
TI  - Implications of the Chou-Yang model for e+e--->hh-bar.

PMID- 9959441
TI  - Pair decay of the 2.2-MeV excited state of the deuteron: Limits on light-particle
      emission.

PMID- 9959443
TI  - Strategies to search for the standard-model Higgs boson at a 1-TeV e+e- collider.

PMID- 9959445
TI  - Neutrino tridents, conserved vector current, and partially conserved axial-vector
      current.

PMID- 9959444
TI  - Tests of compositeness at e+e- colliders.

PMID- 9959446
TI  - Neutrino reactions in the low-y region.

PMID- 9959447
TI  - Distribution amplitudes and electroproduction of the delta and other low-lying
      resonances.

PMID- 9959448
TI  - Double Higgs-boson bremsstrahlung from W and Z bosons at supercolliders.

PMID- 9959449
TI  - Comparison of exact and effective-gauge-boson calculations for gauge-boson fusion
      processes.

PMID- 9959450
TI  - b-quark production and dilepton cross sections at hadron colliders.

PMID- 9959452
TI  - Creation of strange-quark-matter droplets as a unique signature for quark-gluon
      plasma formation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9959453
TI  - Muon pairs and photon pairs as signals for the hadronization phase transition at
      finite baryon density.

PMID- 9959451
TI  - A dependence of quarkonium production in proton-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9959454
TI  - Dilepton production at finite temperature: Perturbative treatment at order alpha
      s.

PMID- 9959455
TI  - Cosmic neutrino beams: Probes of lepton and quark substructure.

PMID- 9959456
TI  - KL--> microe in SU(2)L x U(1) and SU(2)L x SU(2)R x U(1) models with large
      neutrino masses.

PMID- 9959457
TI  - One-loop two-particle scalar-top-quark decay.

PMID- 9959458
TI  - Charged-Higgs-boson effect in Bd0-B-bard0 mixing, K--> pi nu nu -bar decay, and
      rare decays of B mesons.

PMID- 9959460
TI  - Chiral symmetry and the Higgs-boson-nucleon coupling.

PMID- 9959459
TI  - Neutrino masses and the Voloshin-Vysotsky-Okun solution to the solar-neutrino
      problem.

PMID- 9959461
TI  - Fermion mass hierarchy without flavor-changing neutral currents in a technicolor
      model.

PMID- 9959462
TI  - Modified Skyrme model with correct QCD scaling behavior on S3.

PMID- 9959463
TI  - Fermion-number susceptibility in lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9959464
TI  - Exponentiation of soft photons in Monte Carlo event generators: The case of the
      Bonneau-Martin cross section.

PMID- 9959465
TI  - Further contributions to the radiative corrections to the beta energy spectrum in
      charged-hyperon semileptonic decays.

PMID- 9959466
TI  - Calculation of low-energy atmospheric muon flux.

PMID- 9959467
TI  - Analytic treatment of high-order adiabatic approximations of two-neutrino
      oscillations in matter.

PMID- 9959469
TI  - Erratum: Detecting the radiation amplitude zero in e+/-p-->e+/-p gamma

PMID- 9959468
TI  - Comment on "A peculiar relation between mass and energy with respect to the
      Schrodinger equation"

PMID- 9959470
TI  - Search for the decays KL0--> microe and KL0-->ee.

PMID- 9959471
TI  - Bose-Einstein correlations in e+e- collisions.

PMID- 9959472
TI  - Measurement of the reaction K+n

PMID- 9959474
TI  - Central collisions of 800-GeV protons with Ag/Br nuclei in nuclear emulsion.

PMID- 9959473
TI  - Acceleration of polarized protons to 22 GeV/c and the measurement of spin-spin
      effects in p

PMID- 9959475
TI  - Experimental study of muon pairs produced by 252-GeV pions on tungsten.

PMID- 9959476
TI  - Measurement of the D0, D+, and Ds+ meson lifetimes.

PMID- 9959477
TI  - Analytical studies on single W- and Z-boson production in electron-positron
      collisions.

PMID- 9959478
TI  - WWZ, ZZZ, and WW gamma production at e+e- colliders.

PMID- 9959480
TI  - Signatures of an extra Z0 gauge boson in elastic e--proton scattering.

PMID- 9959479
TI  - Double-cascade scheme for QCD jets in e+e- annihilation.

PMID- 9959482
TI  - Geometrical branching model: Phenomenology with jets.

PMID- 9959481
TI  - Measuring the parton content of the photon at the DESY ep collider HERA.

PMID- 9959484
TI  - Energy fraction of the central region in the Chou-Yang model.

PMID- 9959483
TI  - Effect of jet production on the multiplicity dependence of average transverse
      momentum.

PMID- 9959485
TI  - Forward-backward multiplicity distributions in a pure-birth process.

PMID- 9959487
TI  - Fourth-generation-quark production at the Superconducting Super Collider.

PMID- 9959486
TI  - Lepton-pair production in proton-nucleon collisions as a means of testing the
      standard electroweak model.

PMID- 9959488
TI  - On the fate of a J/ psi produced in a nucleus-nucleus collision.

PMID- 9959489
TI  - B--> micro+ micro- in the two-Higgs-doublet model.

PMID- 9959490
TI  - Spectra of the transitions Upsilon (nS)--> Upsilon (mS) pi + pi -

PMID- 9959492
TI  - Application of the bootstrap statistical method to the tau-decay-mode problem.

PMID- 9959491
TI  - Analysis of muon decay with lepton-number-nonconserving interactions.

PMID- 9959493
TI  - Can flavor-changing Z decay provide a test for supersymmetry?

PMID- 9959494
TI  - Effective electromagnetic form factor of the neutrino.

PMID- 9959495
TI  - Issues in QCD and properties of the Upsilon system.

PMID- 9959496
TI  - Baryonic properties of broken U(3)V Skyrmions.

PMID- 9959497
TI  - Gravity-induced large grand-unification mass in SU(5) with higher-dimensional
      operators.

PMID- 9959498
TI  - Chiral-symmetry constraints on the critical temperature in QCD.

PMID- 9959499
TI  - Debye length in an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

PMID- 9959500
TI  - Resonant pair production in strong electric fields.

PMID- 9959501
TI  - Possible new phase of QED from correlated narrow-peak structures observed in
      heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9959502
TI  - Role of the pion size and flux-tube extension in a baryon-decay model.

PMID- 9959503
TI  - Exact solution of a class of two-state periodic Schrodinger problems.

PMID- 9959504
TI  - Seesaw fermion masses in the standard model.

PMID- 9959505
TI  - Wess-Zumino-type effective action for technions with light gauge bosons in a
      chiral-anomaly technicolor model.

PMID- 9959506
TI  - Lattice vacuum corrections in the flux-tube model.

PMID- 9959507
TI  - Orbital angular momentum, spin fractions, and scenarios for the proton's spin
      weighted parton distributions.

PMID- 9959508
TI  - Motivation and technique for light-Higgs-boson search.

PMID- 9959509
TI  - Detection of the gravitomagnetic field using an orbiting superconducting gravity
      gradiometer. Theoretical principles.

PMID- 9959511
TI  - Inflation in a renormalizable cosmological model and the cosmic no-hair
      conjecture.

PMID- 9959510
TI  - Potential flows in general relativity: Some exact solutions.

PMID- 9959512
TI  - Extended inflation with induced gravity.

PMID- 9959513
TI  - Turning on a superconducting cosmic string.

PMID- 9959515
TI  - Consistency of quantum cosmology for models of plane symmetry.

PMID- 9959514
TI  - Exact Langevin equation in a cosmological setting.

PMID- 9959516
TI  - Analysis of spatially inhomogeneous perturbations of the FRW cosmologies.

PMID- 9959518
TI  - Dray-'t Hooft geometries and the death of white holes.

PMID- 9959517
TI  - Neutron diffusion and nucleosynthesis in the Universe with isothermal
      fluctuations produced by quark-hadron phase transition.

PMID- 9959519
TI  - General static axisymmetric solution of Einstein's vacuum field equations in
      prolate spheroidal coordinates.

PMID- 9959520
TI  - Decoherence in quantum cosmology.

PMID- 9959521
TI  - Decoherence in the density matrix describing quantum three-geometries and the
      emergence of classical spacetime.

PMID- 9959522
TI  - 3+1 formulation of general-relativistic perfect magnetohydrodynamics.

PMID- 9959523
TI  - Quantum limited detectors for weak classical signals.

PMID- 9959524
TI  - Curvature fluctuations in maximally symmetric spaces.

PMID- 9959525
TI  - Magnetic-induced vacuum instability in de Sitter spacetime.

PMID- 9959526
TI  - Maximal supergravities in SU(8/1).

PMID- 9959527
TI  - Extended Sugawara construction for the superalgebras SU(M+1||N+1). I. Free-field
      representation and bosonization of super Kac-Moody currents.

PMID- 9959529
TI  - Spin-2 gravitational trace anomaly.

PMID- 9959528
TI  - Non-Abelian anomalies on a curved space with torsion.

PMID- 9959530
TI  - Variational calculations and Bogolubov transformations.

PMID- 9959531
TI  - Some connections between classical and quantum anholonomy.

PMID- 9959532
TI  - Symmetry in string theory.

PMID- 9959534
TI  - Variational study of the Gross-Neveu model.

PMID- 9959533
TI  - Parity-violating one-loop function in lower-dimensional type-I string theory.

PMID- 9959536
TI  - Path-integral bosonization for a nonrenormalizable axial four-dimensional fermion
      model.

PMID- 9959535
TI  - Renormalization of the delta expansion of lambda ( phi2+2 delta )2 theory.

PMID- 9959537
TI  - Quantum geometry of chiral bosons on a circle.

PMID- 9959538
TI  - Mass-induced transition in fermion number.

PMID- 9959539
TI  - Two-loop effective potential of supersymmetric quantum electrodynamics.

PMID- 9959540
TI  - Higgs coupling and the decoupling theorem.

PMID- 9959541
TI  - Thermodynamics of (2+1)-dimensional four-fermion models.

PMID- 9959542
TI  - Zero modes of the vortex-fermion system: The non-Abelian case.

PMID- 9959543
TI  - Non-Abelian chiral gauge theories in two dimensions.

PMID- 9959545
TI  - Stability of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a class of SO(10) models.

PMID- 9959544
TI  - Restrictions on the applicability of zeta -function regularization in gauge
      theories.

PMID- 9959546
TI  - Interpreting four-quark interactions in finite-temperature, SU(2), lattice gauge
      theory.

PMID- 9959547
TI  - Loop calculus for lattice gauge theories.

PMID- 9959548
TI  - Analytic approach to phase transitions and observables in Abelian gauge theories.

PMID- 9959550
TI  - Geodesic motion in a Kaluza-Klein bubble spacetime.

PMID- 9959549
TI  - Universality and mass gaps for a series of lattice Hamiltonians with exact ground
      states.

PMID- 9959552
TI  - Towards the Einstein-Hilbert action via conformal transformation.

PMID- 9959551
TI  - Perfect-fluid higher-dimensional cosmologies. II.

PMID- 9959554
TI  - Preconditioning the Kogut-Susskind fermion matrix.

PMID- 9959553
TI  - Genus-two characters of the Ising model.

PMID- 9959555
TI  - Cooling as a method of finding topological dislocations in lattice models.

PMID- 9959556
TI  - Comment on "Quantum cosmology and the initial state of the Universe"

PMID- 9959557
TI  - Comment on a paper by Rindani and Sivakumar.

PMID- 9959559
TI  - Role of the noncanonical transformation in anomalous gauge theories.

PMID- 9959558
TI  - Comment on "Exact ground state, mass gap, and string tension in lattice gauge
      theory"

PMID- 9959561
TI  - Traversable wormholes: Some simple examples.

PMID- 9959560
TI  - Erratum: Energy-momentum tensor in scalar QED

PMID- 9959563
TI  - Neutrino-electron scattering and the choice between different Mikheyev-Smirnov
      Wolfenstein solutions of the solar neutrino problem.

PMID- 9959562
TI  - Axion dynamics in wormhole background.

PMID- 9959564
TI  - Quantum jumps, geodesics, and the topological phase.

PMID- 9959565
TI  - Gauge-invariant correlation functions.

PMID- 9959566
TI  - Search for the anomalous production of single photons in e+e- annihilation at
      sqrt s =29 GeV.

PMID- 9959568
TI  - Phenomenology of single-W production in e gamma collisions.

PMID- 9959567
TI  - eta and eta ' production in p-barp annihilation at rest.

PMID- 9959569
TI  - Strange-quark vector currents and parity-violating electron scattering from the
      nucleon and from nuclei.

PMID- 9959570
TI  - Quark spin and momentum distributions of the nucleon.

PMID- 9959571
TI  - The reaction gamma gamma --> pi pi at low energy.

PMID- 9959572
TI  - Does string fragmentation reveal more than longitudinal phase space?

PMID- 9959573
TI  - Gluon content of the nucleon probed with real and virtual photons.

PMID- 9959574
TI  - Effects of initial-state QCD interactions in the Drell-Yan process.

PMID- 9959575
TI  - Aspects of top-quark searches in TeV hadron collisions.

PMID- 9959576
TI  - Search for top-quark decays to real W bosons at the Fermilab Tevatron collider.

PMID- 9959577
TI  - CP-violating decay KL0--> pi 0 nu nu -bar.

PMID- 9959578
TI  - Long-distance contributions to the decay K+--> pi + nu nu -bar.

PMID- 9959579
TI  - Study of CP violation and light Higgs bosons with muon polarization asymmetry in
      KL0--> micro micro-bar decay.

PMID- 9959580
TI  - Angular correlations in the decay B-->VV and CP violation.

PMID- 9959581
TI  - SU(3) predictions for nonleptonic B-meson decays.

PMID- 9959582
TI  - tau -->(3 pi ) nu tau and light-meson spectroscopy.

PMID- 9959583
TI  - QCD effects in the B0-B-bar 0 system.

PMID- 9959584
TI  - Neutrino electromagnetic form factors.

PMID- 9959585
TI  - Electromagnetic charge radii of pseudoscalar mesons.

PMID- 9959586
TI  - Hyperon resonances in the chiral bag model.

PMID- 9959587
TI  - Implications of, constraints on, and signatures of a fourth-generation lepton
      triplet.

PMID- 9959588
TI  - Structure of exotic generations.

PMID- 9959589
TI  - Model-independent analysis of quark mass matrices.

PMID- 9959590
TI  - New parametrization of the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix and its implications.

PMID- 9959592
TI  - Detailed estimations of the contributions to Delta B=2 effective Hamiltonian in
      supersymmetric models.

PMID- 9959591
TI  - Nearest-neighbor interactions and the physical content of Fritzsch mass matrices.

PMID- 9959593
TI  - Dynamical excited weak bosons and their observable signatures.

PMID- 9959594
TI  - CP violation in the two-generation version of left-right models.

PMID- 9959596
TI  - Addendum to "Production of flavor-changing gauge bosons from E6 at e+e- and
      hadron colliders": Single production in e+e- annihilation.

PMID- 9959595
TI  - Chiral-symmetry restoration in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with a constant
      electromagnetic field.

PMID- 9959597
TI  - Radiative muon capture in hydrogen and nucleon excitation.

PMID- 9959599
TI  - Extraction of ||Vub/Vcb|| from nonleptonic-B-meson-decay data.

PMID- 9959598
TI  - Coupled-channel effects in the decay Upsilon (3S)--> Upsilon (1S) pi + pi -

PMID- 9959600
TI  - Will the observation of Ds+--> omega pi + be a signal for the annihilation
      mechanism?

PMID- 9959601
TI  - W-boson electric dipole moment and helicity amplitudes.

PMID- 9959603
TI  - Comment on "Slightly massive photon"

PMID- 9959602
TI  - Singlet dilambda in the chiral theory.

PMID- 9959604
TI  - Erratum: Asymmetry between inclusive charmed and anticharmed modes in B0, B-bar 0
      decay as a measure of CP violation

PMID- 9959605
TI  - High-resolution measurement of massive-dielectron production in 800-GeV proton
      beryllium collisions.

PMID- 9959606
TI  - Spin-correlation parameter Ann( theta ) for n-p elastic scattering at 790 MeV.

PMID- 9959607
TI  - Search for a fourth-generation quark with ||Q||=e/3 in e+e- collisions at sqrt s
      =56-57 GeV.

PMID- 9959608
TI  - Measurement of the muonic branching fractions of the Upsilon (1S) and Upsilon
      (3S).

PMID- 9959609
TI  - Flux of atmospheric neutrinos.

PMID- 9959610
TI  - Neutrino oscillations and uncertainty in the solar model.

PMID- 9959612
TI  - Formation of topological defects in phase transitions.

PMID- 9959611
TI  - Annihilation of heavy-neutral-fermion pairs into monochromatic gamma rays and its
      astrophysical implications.

PMID- 9959613
TI  - Analytic solution of a chaotic inflaton.

PMID- 9959614
TI  - General-relativistic domain walls.

PMID- 9959615
TI  - Collapse of nearly spherical domain walls.

PMID- 9959616
TI  - Evolution and classification of cosmological perturbations.

PMID- 9959617
TI  - Symmetry and singularity formation in expanding spacetimes.

PMID- 9959618
TI  - Statistics from dynamics in curved spacetime.

PMID- 9959619
TI  - Experimental constraints on a minimal and nonminimal violation of the equivalence
      principle in the oscillations of massive neutrinos.

PMID- 9959620
TI  - Magnetic field induced by vacuum polarization in de Sitter spacetime.

PMID- 9959621
TI  - Is the Einstein theory a low-energy phenomenological limit?

PMID- 9959622
TI  - Regularization of two-dimensional quantum gravity.

PMID- 9959623
TI  - Quantum probability distributions in the early Universe. IV. Stochastic dynamics
      in de Sitter space.

PMID- 9959625
TI  - Infrared behavior of quasilocal systems at finite temperature.

PMID- 9959624
TI  - Bosonic zero-frequency modes and initial conditions.

PMID- 9959627
TI  - Regularization of the path-integral measure for anomalies.

PMID- 9959628
TI  - The delta expansion for stochastic quantization.

PMID- 9959626
TI  - Finite quantum field theory based on superspin fields.

PMID- 9959630
TI  - Conformal properties of the superstring-ghost Thirring model: Short-distance
      structure and bosonization.

PMID- 9959629
TI  - Quantum theory of nonlocal magnetic-monopole fields.

PMID- 9959632
TI  - Search for four-dimensional string models.

PMID- 9959631
TI  - Neveu-Schwarz-Ramond open-superstring field theory at finite temperature.

PMID- 9959634
TI  - Problem of changing gauge in Polyakov's theory: Relation between light-cone and
      conformal gauges.

PMID- 9959633
TI  - Genus-2 free energy of the closed bosonic string.

PMID- 9959635
TI  - Effective one-loop Lagrangian for gauged scrH/scrK sigma models.

PMID- 9959637
TI  - Stochastic truncation method for Hamiltonian lattice field theory.

PMID- 9959636
TI  - Equivalence of the massive Thirring model with a U(1) gauge theory.

PMID- 9959639
TI  - < phi2> for massive fields in Schwarzschild spacetime.

PMID- 9959638
TI  - Hamiltonian Monte Carlo calculations on (2+1)-dimensional QED.

PMID- 9959640
TI  - Nonperturbative stability analysis of quantum-field-theory models.

PMID- 9959641
TI  - Self-dual fields and causality.

PMID- 9959642
TI  - Finiteness of the bosonic string in fewer than 26 dimensions.

PMID- 9959644
TI  - Erratum: Cross sections, relic abundance, and detection rates for neutralino dark
      matter

PMID- 9959643
TI  - Calculation of the electron magnetic moment in Fried-Yennie-gauge QED.

PMID- 9959645
TI  - Bulk viscosity of hot neutron-star matter and the maximum rotation rates of
      neutron stars.

PMID- 9959646
TI  - Cosmic-string-loop fragmentation.

PMID- 9959648
TI  - Particle creation in inhomogeneous spacetimes.

PMID- 9959647
TI  - Electromagnetic self-interaction of superconducting cosmic strings.

PMID- 9959649
TI  - Chaotic inflationary scenario of the Universe with a nonminimally coupled
      "inflaton" field.

PMID- 9959650
TI  - Behavior of chaotic inflation in anisotropic cosmologies with nonminimal
      coupling.

PMID- 9959651
TI  - Mechanism for current generation in strings and internal phase transitions in
      strings.

PMID- 9959652
TI  - Cosmological solution of Einstein's equations with uniform density and nonuniform
      pressure.

PMID- 9959653
TI  - Some solutions in Einstein-Kalb-Ramond cosmology.

PMID- 9959654
TI  - Reduction of Einstein's equations for nonstationary cylindrical cosmic strings.

PMID- 9959655
TI  - Derivation of Ashtekar variables from tetrad gravity.

PMID- 9959656
TI  - Schrodinger-picture field theory in Robertson-Walker flat spacetimes.

PMID- 9959658
TI  - Two-dimensional quantum cosmology: Directions of dynamical and thermodynamic
      arrows of time.

PMID- 9959657
TI  - Properties of the wormhole calculus.

PMID- 9959659
TI  - Curvature-singularity-free solutions for colliding plane gravitational waves with
      broken u-v symmetry.

PMID- 9959660
TI  - Cosmions in the nonsymmetric gravitational theory.

PMID- 9959661
TI  - New perturbative approximation applied to a self-interacting scalar field theory.

PMID- 9959662
TI  - Dirac quantization of the vector superfield.

PMID- 9959663
TI  - Variational basis-state expansion calculation of the mass gap in scalar field
      theory.

PMID- 9959665
TI  - Absence of (1,0) supersymmetry anomaly in world-sheet gauge theories: A purely
      cohomological proof.

PMID- 9959664
TI  - Covariant BRS quantization of the ten-dimensional N=1 Brink-Schwarz
      superparticle.

PMID- 9959667
TI  - Closed strings from open bosonic strings.

PMID- 9959666
TI  - Dynamical supersymmetry breaking due to vacuum tunneling.

PMID- 9959668
TI  - Canonical quantization of closed-superstring fields.

PMID- 9959670
TI  - Mass splittings and the finiteness problem of mass shifts in the type-II
      superstring at one-loop order.

PMID- 9959669
TI  - Yang-Mills formulation of interacting strings.

PMID- 9959672
TI  - Superstring field theory with Wess-Zumino term.

PMID- 9959671
TI  - Two-dimensional nonlinear sigma model with N=1 and BRST quantization.

PMID- 9959674
TI  - Unsuppressed fermion-number violation at high temperature: An O(3) model.

PMID- 9959673
TI  - Geometrical origin of supersymmetric gauge theories.

PMID- 9959675
TI  - Casimir force on a solid ball when epsilon ( omega ) micro( omega )=1. Finite
      temperatures.

PMID- 9959676
TI  - Lower-bound renormalization group for gauge-Higgs systems.

PMID- 9959677
TI  - Overrelaxation and mode coupling in sigma models.

PMID- 9959679
TI  - Finite-temperature QCD with intermediate-large quark masses.

PMID- 9959678
TI  - Variational-cumulant expansion in lattice gauge theory at finite temperature.

PMID- 9959681
TI  - Longitudinal modes in classical Yang-Mills plasma.

PMID- 9959680
TI  - Singular gauge dependence of the QCD coupling constant.

PMID- 9959682
TI  - P- and CP-odd terms in the photon self-energy within a medium.

PMID- 9959683
TI  - Stability of an E field in the presence of a charged scalar field.

PMID- 9959685
TI  - Conformally flat initial data for general relativity in Ashtekar's variables.

PMID- 9959684
TI  - Three-derivatives in three dimensions.

PMID- 9959686
TI  - Geodesics in Kasner universes.

PMID- 9959687
TI  - Limits on C and P violation in gravitation from SN 1987A data.

PMID- 9959688
TI  - Dynamical mass generation in the Gross-Neveu model at finite temperature and
      density.

PMID- 9959690
TI  - Bosonic open-string field theory at finite temperature.

PMID- 9959689
TI  - Spontaneous breaking of Lorentz symmetry in string theory.

PMID- 9959691
TI  - Biased Monte Carlo algorithms on unitary groups.

PMID- 9959692
TI  - Uniqueness of quark and lepton representations in the standard model from the
      anomalies viewpoint.

PMID- 9959693
TI  - Erratum: Perfect-fluid higher-dimensional cosmologies

PMID- 9959694
TI  - First observation of three pseudoscalar states in J/ psi --> gamma rho rho decay.

PMID- 9959695
TI  - O( alpha s2) planar triple energy correlation in QCD.

PMID- 9959696
TI  - General amplitudes for three-gauge-boson production and cross sections and
      polarization analysis at an e+e- collider.

PMID- 9959697
TI  - Probing the WHZ vertex in E6 models at colliders.

PMID- 9959699
TI  - Underlying event multiplicity in jet and vector-boson production: A measure of
      quark and gluon spatial distributions.

PMID- 9959698
TI  - Detection of light standard Higgs boson in e-e+ annihilation: Collinearity-angle
      distributions for signal and background.

PMID- 9959701
TI  - Approximate multijet cross sections in QCD.

PMID- 9959700
TI  - Higgs-boson production from heavy-quark fusion.

PMID- 9959702
TI  - Short-range mechanism in the NN-->N Delta transition.

PMID- 9959703
TI  - Rising cross sections in QCD and the cosmic-ray data.

PMID- 9959704
TI  - Multiparticle production in p-p, p-Ar, and p-Xe collisions at 200 GeV by the
      multistring model VENUS.

PMID- 9959705
TI  - Unusual phenomena in the rapidity distribution and the phase transition of the
      quark-gluon plasma.

PMID- 9959706
TI  - Semileptonic B and D decays in the quark model.

PMID- 9959707
TI  - CP asymmetries in charmless baryonic decays of charged B mesons.

PMID- 9959708
TI  - B-->B gamma decays in a bag model for heavy-light-quark states.

PMID- 9959709
TI  - Are there really any experimental limits on a light Higgs boson?

PMID- 9959710
TI  - Partial-wave unitarity constraints on the axigluon mass.

PMID- 9959711
TI  - Deuteron as a toroidal Skyrmion: Electromagnetic form factors.

PMID- 9959712
TI  - Higgs bosons in a nonminimal supersymmetric model.

PMID- 9959714
TI  - Current-quark masses from a relativistic constituent-quark model.

PMID- 9959713
TI  - Mass limits on scalar bosons in left-right-symmetric models.

PMID- 9959716
TI  - QCD-based effective Lagrangian including quark mass effects: Calculation of fK.

PMID- 9959715
TI  - Flavor-changing neutral currents and seesaw masses for quarks.

PMID- 9959718
TI  - Effect of the third generation on the analysis of neutrino-oscillation
      experiments.

PMID- 9959717
TI  - Properties of hadrons in lattice quantum chromodynamics with dynamical Wilson
      fermions.

PMID- 9959719
TI  - New heavy-quark physics in the strongly Yukawa-coupled standard model.

PMID- 9959720
TI  - Introducing thermal excitations for color potentials.

PMID- 9959721
TI  - Color-singlet quark-pair transmutation: Helicity amplitudes and partial-wave
      analysis.

PMID- 9959722
TI  - Long-distance behavior of quark form factor in QCD.

PMID- 9959723
TI  - High-frequency limit of the longitudinal impedance of an array of cavities.

PMID- 9959724
TI  - Techniomega production in pp colliders.

PMID- 9959725
TI  - Nonsingular potential model for heavy quarkonia.

PMID- 9959726
TI  - Lattice heavy-meson decay constants and fermion universality.

PMID- 9959728
TI  - Comment on "Constraints on the Majoron interactions from the supernova SN1987A"

PMID- 9959727
TI  - Parity-invariant solution in the B=2 sector of the SU(3)F Skyrme model.

PMID- 9959730
TI  - Reply to "Comment on Jarlskog's conditions for CP invariance"

PMID- 9959729
TI  - Comment on Jarlskog's conditions for CP invariance.

PMID- 9959731
TI  - Erratum: Model dependence of the chargino mass bound from the CERN collider data

PMID- 9959732
TI  - Limit on the decay KL0--> microe.

PMID- 9959733
TI  - It=Jt rule in action.

PMID- 9959734
TI  - Quantum stabilization of the Skyrme soliton.

PMID- 9959735
TI  - Self-consistent nonperturbative effect of string fragmentation on superstring
      mass spectra.

PMID- 9959736
TI  - Collisional incoherence in neutrino line emission.

PMID- 9959737
TI  - The case for neutrinos from SN 1987A.

PMID- 9959738
TI  - Axions and SN 1987A.

PMID- 9959740
TI  - Effect of small-scale baryon inhomogeneity on cosmic nucleosynthesis.

PMID- 9959739
TI  - Probing the Earth with weakly interacting massive particles.

PMID- 9959741
TI  - Astrophysical treatment of intermediate-range forces.

PMID- 9959743
TI  - Quantum instability of gravitational collapse in de Sitter space.

PMID- 9959742
TI  - Formation of a "child" universe in an inflationary cosmological model.

PMID- 9959745
TI  - Gravitational fields of straight and circular cosmic strings: Relation between
      gravitational mass, angular deficit, and internal structure.

PMID- 9959744
TI  - Particle creation due to cosmological contraction of extra dimensions.

PMID- 9959746
TI  - Pseudo-Riemannian geometry on a simplicial lattice and the extrinsic curvature
      tensor.

PMID- 9959748
TI  - Interpretation of the wave function of the Universe.

PMID- 9959747
TI  - Proof of the quantum bound on specific entropy for free fields.

PMID- 9959749
TI  - Quantum field theory of the Universe.

PMID- 9959750
TI  - Renormalized electromagnetic stress tensor in Schwarzschild spacetime.

PMID- 9959751
TI  - Improved integral representation for the finite-temperature propagator in string
      theory.

PMID- 9959752
TI  - New p-adic strings from old dual models.

PMID- 9959754
TI  - Gaussian-improved one-loop effective potential.

PMID- 9959753
TI  - Siegel's superparticle.

PMID- 9959755
TI  - Gauge superfield in six dimensions.

PMID- 9959756
TI  - Simple proof of Weil triviality in supersymmetric gauge theories.

PMID- 9959757
TI  - BRST quantization of the CP1 model with Chern-Simons term in 2+1 dimensions.

PMID- 9959758
TI  - Conservation laws, Korteweg-de Vries and sine-Gordon systems, and the role of
      supersymmetry.

PMID- 9959759
TI  - Radiative symmetry breaking in (2+1)-dimensional space.

PMID- 9959760
TI  - Symmetry breaking by Wilson loops in gauge field theory.

PMID- 9959761
TI  - Symplectic structure of Yang-Mills theory in BRST formalism.

PMID- 9959762
TI  - Quantum chromodynamics in background fields.

PMID- 9959764
TI  - New signatures for dark-matter detectors.

PMID- 9959763
TI  - Confining phase transition as monopole condensation.

PMID- 9959765
TI  - Limits on right-handed interactions from SN 1987A observations.

PMID- 9959766
TI  - Evaporation of strange matter (and similar condensed phases) at high
      temperatures.

PMID- 9959767
TI  - Conformal properties of the heat-kernel expansion. Application to the effective
      Lagrangian.

PMID- 9959768
TI  - Nonexistence of spherically symmetric monopole solutions in the three-generation
      superstring model.

PMID- 9959769
TI  - Reflectionless symmetric potentials from vertex operators.

PMID- 9959770
TI  - Metropolis and Langevin time.

PMID- 9959771
TI  - Light-front variational approach to scalar field theories.

PMID- 9959772
TI  - Spinor loop anomalies in higher-derivative theories.

PMID- 9959774
TI  - Erratum: Stability of boson stars

PMID- 9959773
TI  - Comment on "Functional integral for Weyl fermions and the effective action"

PMID- 9959775
TI  - Search for long-lived exotic particles in 12-GeV proton-nucleus interactions.

PMID- 9959776
TI  - Extensive air showers accompanied by gamma -ray families with

PMID- 9959778
TI  - Measuring CP violation in the B0B-bar0 system with asymmetric-energy e+e- beams.

PMID- 9959777
TI  - Abundance of primary protons at (1-3) x 10(15) eV inferred from a simulation of
      extensive air showers with gamma -ray families.

PMID- 9959779
TI  - Complete formalism for charge-symmetry tests in n-p elastic scattering.

PMID- 9959780
TI  - P-wave pion scattering in the Los Alamos soliton model.

PMID- 9959781
TI  - Muons in gamma showers.

PMID- 9959782
TI  - What can we understand about the muon anomalies in high-energy showers from point
      sources?

PMID- 9959783
TI  - Electron pair production from pulsed electromagnetic fields in relativistic heavy
      ion collisions.

PMID- 9959785
TI  - Tests of flavor and nonet symmetry in the decays of charmed mesons into two
      pseudoscalars.

PMID- 9959784
TI  - Predictions of the standard model for Bc+/- weak decays.

PMID- 9959787
TI  - The a1 in tau decay.

PMID- 9959786
TI  - Issue of psi --> gamma eta, gamma eta ' decays and eta - eta ' mixing.

PMID- 9959788
TI  - Can we improve the nu tau mass limit from the decay tau -->l nu -barl nu tau ?

PMID- 9959790
TI  - Higgs-boson-mediated neutrinoless double- beta decay and neutrino mass in a
      Majoron model.

PMID- 9959789
TI  - Constraints on decaying right-handed Majorana neutrinos from SN 1987A
      observations.

PMID- 9959792
TI  - Determination of phases of generalized Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements from
      their magnitudes.

PMID- 9959791
TI  - Quark mass matrix with family-independent quark mixing.

PMID- 9959794
TI  - Dynamical quark-polarization cloud around static quark sources.

PMID- 9959795
TI  - Quark momentum distribution of hadronic matter in a simple confining quark model.

PMID- 9959793
TI  - New derivation of the Altarelli-Parisi equations.

PMID- 9959796
TI  - Composite-meson-quark interactions under the condition of dynamical breaking of
      chiral symmetry.

PMID- 9959797
TI  - Theoretical and phenomenological studies concerning a possible new phase of QED.

PMID- 9959798
TI  - Flavor connections and neutrino-mass hierarchy in variant invisible-axion models
      without domain-wall problem.

PMID- 9959799
TI  - Model of exotic baryon-number nonconservation at moderate energies.

PMID- 9959800
TI  - Perturbative QCD corrections to the ratio R for tau decay.

PMID- 9959801
TI  - Resonance background to the decays b-->sl+l-, B-->Kl+l-, and B-->Kl+l-

PMID- 9959802
TI  - Test of optimization procedures.

PMID- 9959803
TI  - Model for an attractive feeble force.

PMID- 9959805
TI  - Erratum: Constraints on left-right-symmetric models from neutron decay

PMID- 9959806
TI  - rho - omega mixing and the n-p mass difference.

PMID- 9959804
TI  - Erratum: Charm production in nonresonant e+e- annihilations at sqrt s =10.55 GeV

PMID- 9959808
TI  - Possible evidence for a new particle from SN 1987A.

PMID- 9959807
TI  - Experimental study of upward-going muons in Kamiokande.

PMID- 9959810
TI  - Initial conditions for perturbations in R+ epsilon R2 cosmology.

PMID- 9959809
TI  - Initial conditions for R+ epsilon R2 cosmology.

PMID- 9959811
TI  - Cosmology with an extremely light scalar field.

PMID- 9959813
TI  - Gravitational nucleation of vacuum phase transitions by compact objects.

PMID- 9959812
TI  - Evolution of superconducting cosmic loops.

PMID- 9959814
TI  - Existence of global strings coupled to gravity.

PMID- 9959815
TI  - Contribution of gravitational self-interaction to Delta phi and micro for a
      cosmic string.

PMID- 9959816
TI  - Cosmology of biased discrete symmetry breaking.

PMID- 9959817
TI  - Curved-space trace, chiral, and Einstein anomalies from path integrals, using
      flat-space plane waves.

PMID- 9959818
TI  - Parametrized scalar field on openR >= 1: Dynamical pictures, spacetime
      diffeomorphisms, and conformal isometries.

PMID- 9959819
TI  - Wave mechanics and inertial guidance.

PMID- 9959820
TI  - Topological invariant of fermion-vortex system.

PMID- 9959821
TI  - Toy superstrings.

PMID- 9959822
TI  - More on one-loop massless amplitudes of superstring theories.

PMID- 9959823
TI  - Covariant Virasoro operators and free bosonic string field theory.

PMID- 9959824
TI  - Hidden extended superconformal symmetries in superstrings.

PMID- 9959825
TI  - Generalized Green-Schwarz anomaly cancellation mechanism.

PMID- 9959826
TI  - Nonlocal Noether currents and conformal invariance for super chiral fields.

PMID- 9959827
TI  - Alternative proof of Zamolodchikov's c theorem in dimensionally regularized sigma
      models: An operator-product-expansion analysis.

PMID- 9959829
TI  - Gaussian approximation of lambda phi4 theory in (3+1)-dimensional spatially flat
      Robertson-Walker space.

PMID- 9959828
TI  - Gauged Q balls.

PMID- 9959830
TI  - Background-field and Schwinger-DeWitt proper-time algorithm for the low-energy
      effective-field-theory action.

PMID- 9959831
TI  - Generalized Schwinger-DeWitt expansions and effective field theories.

PMID- 9959832
TI  - Energy-momentum tensor in theories with scalar fields and two coupling constants.
      I. Non-Abelian case.

PMID- 9959834
TI  - Energy-momentum tensor in theories with scalar fields and two coupling constants.
      III. A model with two scalars.

PMID- 9959833
TI  - Energy-momentum tensor in theories with scalar fields and two coupling constants.
      II. Yukawa theory.

PMID- 9959835
TI  - Field-parametrization dependence of the effective action in scalar
      electrodynamics.

PMID- 9959836
TI  - Meaning of anomalous commutators and descent equation in chiral gauge theories.

PMID- 9959837
TI  - Application of unifying prescription for axial-type gauges in QCD.

PMID- 9959838
TI  - Hamiltonian lattice gauge theories in a loop-dependent magnetic representation.

PMID- 9959839
TI  - Test of equivalence principle for neutrinos and antineutrinos.

PMID- 9959841
TI  - Cosmic-string loop self-intersections and intercommuting.

PMID- 9959840
TI  - On the delayed low-energy events in the neutrino-burst data from SN 1987A.

PMID- 9959842
TI  - Scalar interactions with intermediate range.

PMID- 9959843
TI  - Approximate stress-energy tensor for evaporating black holes.

PMID- 9959844
TI  - Solar-neutrino-oscillation parameters and the broken-R-parity Majoron.

PMID- 9959846
TI  - Normalization of bound-state solutions to the Breit equation.

PMID- 9959845
TI  - Dirac-bracket quantization of chiral scalar two-dimensional QED.

PMID- 9959848
TI  - Witten index of supersymmetric chiral theories.

PMID- 9959847
TI  - Higher-order discretizations and the Metropolis step.

PMID- 9959849
TI  - Are 't Hooft indices constrained in preon models with complementarity?

PMID- 9959850
TI  - Comment on the use of doubled surfaces.

PMID- 9959851
TI  - Limits on new-lepton pairs (L-,L0) with arbitrary neutrino mass.

PMID- 9959852
TI  - Evidence of the 17-keV neutrino in the beta spectrum of 35S.

PMID- 9959853
TI  - Evidence of the 17-keV neutrino in the beta spectrum of 3H.

PMID- 9959854
TI  - Search for free quarks produced at 800 GeV/c using a new concentration technique.

PMID- 9959855
TI  - Measurement of single and double radiative low-Q2 Bhabha scattering at Ec.m.

PMID- 9959856
TI  - Diffractive production of pi - pi - pi + in 200-GeV/c pi -N interactions.

PMID- 9959858
TI  - String-breaking model for phi phi production.

PMID- 9959857
TI  - T-odd and CP-odd aplanarities in e+e- colliders.

PMID- 9959859
TI  - Production of heavy spin-(3/2 fermions in colliders.

PMID- 9959860
TI  - Dynamic Debye screening for a heavy-quark-antiquark pair traversing a quark-gluon
      plasma.

PMID- 9959861
TI  - Flavor-changing decays of the Z into heavy neutrinos.

PMID- 9959863
TI  - B-B-bar mixing and two-scalar-doublet model predicting a Fritzsch structure.

PMID- 9959862
TI  - Roper resonances and generator coordinate method in the chiral-soliton model.

PMID- 9959865
TI  - Light neutrino masses in the Fritzsch model with horizontal Peccei-Quinn
      symmetry.

PMID- 9959864
TI  - Radiative quark and lepton masses through soft supersymmetry breaking.

PMID- 9959867
TI  - Kinetic-theory approach to quark-gluon plasma oscillations.

PMID- 9959866
TI  - Nonadiabatic neutrino oscillations in matter.

PMID- 9959868
TI  - Spectrum of QCD and chiral Lagrangians of the strong and weak interactions.

PMID- 9959869
TI  - Realistic pseudoscalar-vector Lagrangian. Static and dynamical baryon properties.

PMID- 9959870
TI  - Renormalization of the flavor-changing neutral currents.

PMID- 9959871
TI  - Supersymmetric left-right E6 gauge model: Flavor-changing interactions.

PMID- 9959872
TI  - Natural and realistic subquark model with solvable dynamics.

PMID- 9959873
TI  - Spontaneous compactification effects, low-energy signature of quark-lepton
      unification, and small neutrino masses in SO(10).

PMID- 9959874
TI  - Symmetry breaking in three-generation Calabi-Yau manifolds.

PMID- 9959875
TI  - Cross section of monopole-induced Skyrmion decay.

PMID- 9959876
TI  - Phenomenology of small violations of Fermi and Bose statistics.

PMID- 9959877
TI  - Beam optics of a self-focusing plasma lens.

PMID- 9959879
TI  - Properties of nuclear production of J/ psi (3.097).

PMID- 9959878
TI  - Detecting the radiation amplitude zeros in pp-->X gamma and pp-bar-->X gamma.

PMID- 9959881
TI  - Proof of three-flavor scattering formulas.

PMID- 9959880
TI  - Internal meson dominance for pp-bar annihilation.

PMID- 9959882
TI  - 1(--)-->0(-+) meson radiative and pionic transitions and mass splittings.

PMID- 9959883
TI  - Radiative neutrino decays and scattering experiments.

PMID- 9959884
TI  - Vub/Vcb suppression from an asymmetric variation of the Fritzsch model.

PMID- 9959886
TI  - CP violation in supersymmetric models.

PMID- 9959885
TI  - Effective mass of quarks and radiative decays of vector mesons.

PMID- 9959887
TI  - Direct compatibility check of the Cambridge Electron Accelerator and Cornell pion
      form-factor data from e-N-->e- pi N with e+e---> pi + pi -

PMID- 9959889
TI  - Making inflation work: Damping of density perturbations due to Planck energy
      cutoff.

PMID- 9959888
TI  - Design for a practical laboratory detector for solar axions.

PMID- 9959891
TI  - Nonzero vacuum expectation values in higher-dimensional cosmology.

PMID- 9959890
TI  - Cosmological cosmic strings.

PMID- 9959892
TI  - Pseudoscalar versus pseudovector pion-nucleon couplings in the nucleonic axion
      bremsstrahlung rate of neutron-star matter.

PMID- 9959893
TI  - Renormalized stress-energy tensor near the horizon of a slowly evolving, rotating
      black hole.

PMID- 9959894
TI  - Nonlinear solutions for initial data in the vacuum Einstein equations in plane
      symmetry.

PMID- 9959896
TI  - Rindler observers, correlated states, boundary conditions, and the meaning of the
      thermal spectrum.

PMID- 9959895
TI  - Colliding superposed waves in the Einstein-Maxwell theory.

PMID- 9959898
TI  - Conformal rotation in Bianchi type-I quantum cosmology.

PMID- 9959897
TI  - Mixmaster cosmological model in theories of gravity with a quadratic Lagrangian.

PMID- 9959899
TI  - Wave function of the Universe as a leaking system.

PMID- 9959900
TI  - Steepest-descent contours in the path-integral approach to quantum cosmology. I.
      The de Sitter minisuperspace model.

PMID- 9959902
TI  - Universe creation from the third-quantized vacuum.

PMID- 9959901
TI  - Probabilistic time in quantum gravity.

PMID- 9959903
TI  - Gaussian and 1/N approximations in semiclassical cosmology.

PMID- 9959904
TI  - Stochastic inflation as a time-dependent random walk.

PMID- 9959905
TI  - Nonequilibrium statistical quantum field theory for open systems.

PMID- 9959906
TI  - Arnowitt-Deser-Misner energy and three-momentum for a simplicial space.

PMID- 9959907
TI  - Dirac constraint quantization of a parametrized field theory by anomaly-free
      operator representations of spacetime diffeomorphisms.

PMID- 9959909
TI  - Thermal equilibrium in de Sitter space.

PMID- 9959908
TI  - High-energy equivalence theorem in spontaneously broken supergravity.

PMID- 9959910
TI  - Does there exist a sensible quantum theory of an "algebra-valued" scalar field?

PMID- 9959911
TI  - Fine structure of local and axion strings.

PMID- 9959912
TI  - Approach to general covariance in string space of BRST string field theory.

PMID- 9959913
TI  - Vanishing vacuum amplitude of four-dimensional heterotic string theory
      compactified on N=2 superconformal field theory.

PMID- 9959914
TI  - Adiabatic holonomy and evolution of fermionic coherent state.

PMID- 9959916
TI  - Nonunique solution to the Schwinger-Dyson equations.

PMID- 9959915
TI  - Covariant Gaussian approximation. I. Formalism.

PMID- 9959917
TI  - Fractional spin in the gauged O(3) sigma model.

PMID- 9959919
TI  - Symmetry breaking by Wilson loops. Finite-temperature effects.

PMID- 9959918
TI  - Green's functions of composite operators and bound states in gauge theories.

PMID- 9959920
TI  - Triviality, anomalies, and canonical electroweak theory at small distances.

PMID- 9959921
TI  - Periodic and quasiperiodic SU(N) instantons.

PMID- 9959923
TI  - Nonrenormalization of the Wess-Zumino-Witten term in the two-dimensional
      nonlinear sigma model.

PMID- 9959922
TI  - The supercurrent and spontaneously broken supersymmetry.

PMID- 9959924
TI  - Uniqueness of quarks, leptons, and exotic fermions in the chiral-color models.

PMID- 9959925
TI  - Eighth-order magnetic moment of the electron. IV. Vertex diagrams containing
      photon-photon scattering subdiagrams.

PMID- 9959926
TI  - Magnetic effects and chiral-symmetry breaking in strongly coupled quantum
      electrodynamics.

PMID- 9959927
TI  - Gluon poles from Feynman graphs, and gauge-invariant amplitudes.

PMID- 9959928
TI  - Quantum chaos in the mixmaster universe.

PMID- 9959929
TI  - Critical line and dilaton in scale-invariant QED.

PMID- 9959930
TI  - Gaussian effective potential on the Hamiltonian lattice.

PMID- 9959932
TI  - Erratum: Functional derivatives, Green's functions, and effective potentials on
      the Hamiltonian lattice

PMID- 9959931
TI  - Time in semiclassical gravity.

PMID- 9959933
TI  - On the Mashhoon-Theiss "anomaly"

PMID- 9959935
TI  - Possibility of a sudden flip or disappearance of electromagnetic fields without
      photon emission.

PMID- 9959934
TI  - Wormhole effect on the superstring axion.

PMID- 9959936
TI  - Recoil-proton polarization in pi p elastic scattering at 547 and 625 MeV/c.

PMID- 9959937
TI  - Charge-symmetry breaking in np elastic scattering at 477 MeV.

PMID- 9959938
TI  - Multiparticle production by 200-GeV/c hadrons on gold, silver, and magnesium
      targets.

PMID- 9959940
TI  - Search for supermassive Cahn-Glashow particles in lead.

PMID- 9959939
TI  - Inclusive charged-D production in 205-GeV/c pi - Be interactions.

PMID- 9959941
TI  - Extra neutral gauge boson and the processes e+e--->ZiHa in a superstring-inspired
      model.

PMID- 9959942
TI  - Searching for an exotic lepton and gauge boson at high-energy e+e- colliders.

PMID- 9959944
TI  - Radiative zeros and extra neutral gauge bosons at lepton-hadron colliders.

PMID- 9959943
TI  - Three-jet process in virtual photon-photon annihilation.

PMID- 9959945
TI  - Production of supersymmetric particles in elastic ep collisions.

PMID- 9959946
TI  - Isoscalar axial-vector renormalization constant and polarized proton structure
      function.

PMID- 9959947
TI  - Tests for determining the parton ancestor of a hadron jet.

PMID- 9959948
TI  - Multiplicity distributions in high-energy hadron-nucleus collisions. I.
      Formalism.

PMID- 9959949
TI  - Multiplicity distributions in high-energy hadron-nucleus collisions. II.
      Phenomenology.

PMID- 9959951
TI  - Multiple-collision model for high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9959950
TI  - Scattering in nuclei and QCD.

PMID- 9959952
TI  - Tests of three-vector-boson nonstandard couplings.

PMID- 9959953
TI  - How to elucidate the mechanism of CP violation.

PMID- 9959954
TI  - KL--> pi 0l+l- decays for large mt.

PMID- 9959956
TI  - Two- gamma decay widths of glueballs.

PMID- 9959955
TI  - Photon polarization in charged-pion radiative decay.

PMID- 9959958
TI  - Hadron spectrum of quenched QCD and the quark model.

PMID- 9959957
TI  - Superheavy-quarkonium decays with two Higgs doublets.

PMID- 9959959
TI  - Vector-meson decay into pseudoscalar mesons from quenched lattice QCD.

PMID- 9959960
TI  - Renormalization of Higgs-boson-mass sum rules and screening.

PMID- 9959961
TI  - Hyperchargeless triplet Majoron model.

PMID- 9959962
TI  - Studies of confinement: How the gluon propagates.

PMID- 9959963
TI  - Hadron scattering in the large-Nc limit as a problem in linear algebra.

PMID- 9959965
TI  - Screening of heavy-Higgs-boson radiative effects.

PMID- 9959964
TI  - String potential model: Spinless quarks.

PMID- 9959966
TI  - On-shell gauge-parameter independence of <q-barq> contributions to electroweak
      quark self-energies.

PMID- 9959968
TI  - Longitudinal impedance of a periodic structure at high frequency.

PMID- 9959967
TI  - High-frequency behavior of the longitudinal impedance for a cavity of general
      shape.

PMID- 9959970
TI  - Analysis of two-body decays of charm mesons using the quark-diagram scheme:
      Addendum on hairpin diagrams.

PMID- 9959969
TI  - Search for a light Higgs boson in rare K decays.

PMID- 9959972
TI  - Interaction of massive neutrinos with electrons.

PMID- 9959971
TI  - Fourth-generation effect on anticharm-charm asymmetry in B0 inclusive decays.

PMID- 9959973
TI  - g-2 of the muon from compositeness in the model of Abbott and Farhi.

PMID- 9959974
TI  - Complete cancellation of anomalous quadrupole moment of W in supersymmetric
      SU(2)L x U(1)Y.

PMID- 9959975
TI  - Linear sigma model with parity doubling.

PMID- 9959977
TI  - New metastable states in supercritical QED.

PMID- 9959976
TI  - WW signatures from top quarks at the Fermilab Tevatron.

PMID- 9959978
TI  - Morphology of amorphous layers ballistically deposited on a planar substrate.

PMID- 9959980
TI  - Multifractality of flow distribution in the river-network model of Scheidegger.

PMID- 9959979
TI  - Extensive numerical study of spectral statistics for rational and irrational
      polygonal billiards.

PMID- 9959981
TI  - Stochastic models of exciton transport: The Haken-Strobl model.

PMID- 9959982
TI  - Signature of classical chaos on quantum tunneling.

PMID- 9959984
TI  - Self-organizing systems at finite driving rates.

PMID- 9959983
TI  - Controlling Hamiltonian chaos.

PMID- 9959986
TI  - Real-time path-integral approach to quantum coherence and dephasing in
      nonadiabatic transitions and nonlinear optical response.

PMID- 9959985
TI  - Verhulst-type kinetics driven by white shot noise: Exact solution by direct
      averaging.

PMID- 9959987
TI  - Langevin dynamics, scale invariance, and granular flows.

PMID- 9959988
TI  - Spatially periodic orbits in coupled-map lattices.

PMID- 9959989
TI  - Sensitivity to initial conditions in stochastic systems.

PMID- 9959991
TI  - Nonequilibrium variational principle for the time evolution of an ionized gas.

PMID- 9959990
TI  - Dynamical behavior of a thermostated isotropic harmonic oscillator.

PMID- 9959992
TI  - Transient phenomena, self-diffusion, and orientational effects in vibrated
      powders.

PMID- 9959993
TI  - Mean first-passage times for systems driven by gamma and McFadden dichotomous
      noise.

PMID- 9959994
TI  - Simple models of non-Gaussian statistics for a turbulently advected passive
      scalar.

PMID- 9959996
TI  - Topological defects, correlation functions, and power-law tails in phase-ordering
      kinetics.

PMID- 9959995
TI  - Splay states in globally coupled Josephson arrays: Analytical prediction of
      Floquet multipliers.

PMID- 9959998
TI  - Dynamic-light-scattering study of glasses of hard colloidal spheres.

PMID- 9959997
TI  - Chaotic proton dynamics in the hydrogen bond.

PMID- 9960000
TI  - Control of NMR-laser chaos in high-dimensional embedding space.

PMID- 9959999
TI  - Exact enumeration of self-avoiding walks on lattices with random site energies.

PMID- 9960001
TI  - Dynamical correlations and the direct summation method of evaluating infinite
      continued fractions.

PMID- 9960002
TI  - Long-time semiclassical dynamics of chaos: The stadium billiard.

PMID- 9960003
TI  - Master Langevin equations: Origin of asymptotic diffusion.

PMID- 9960005
TI  - Fluctuation-diffusion relationship in chaotic dynamics.

PMID- 9960004
TI  - Higher-dimensional targeting.

PMID- 9960006
TI  - Comparison of random configurations of equal disks.

PMID- 9960007
TI  - Stochastic model for a wavelike exothermal reaction in condensed heterogeneous
      systems.

PMID- 9960008
TI  - Spherical-harmonics decomposition of the Boltzmann equation for charged-particle
      swarms in the presence of both electric and magnetic fields.

PMID- 9960010
TI  - Weakly nonlocal hydrodynamics.

PMID- 9960009
TI  - Molecular dynamics at constant temperature and pressure.

PMID- 9960011
TI  - Mechanism of energy transformations in shear magnetohydrodynamic flows.

PMID- 9960012
TI  - Effect of viscosity on Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities.

PMID- 9960013
TI  - Bimodality and transient trimodality for Brownian particles in shear flows: A
      path-integral approach.

PMID- 9960014
TI  - Global thermodynamic behavior of fluid mixtures in the critical region.

PMID- 9960015
TI  - Shock fluctuations in one-dimensional lattice fluids.

PMID- 9960017
TI  - Calculation of the ground-state energy V0 of quasifree positrons in rare-gas
      fluids.

PMID- 9960016
TI  - Scattering function for a model of interacting surfaces.

PMID- 9960018
TI  - Electric-field-induced phase transition in electrorheological fluids.

PMID- 9960019
TI  - Model for density-functional thermodynamic perturbation analysis of Lennard-Jones
      solids.

PMID- 9960020
TI  - Light-scattering technique for the study of dynamic thickness fluctuations in
      thin liquid films.

PMID- 9960021
TI  - Quantitative lattice measurement of thin Langmuir-Blodgett films by atomic-force
      microscopy.

PMID- 9960022
TI  - Shape equations of the axisymmetric vesicles.

PMID- 9960023
TI  - Dynamic percolation of spheres in a continuum: The case of microemulsions.

PMID- 9960025
TI  - Hard-sphere and hard-disk freezing from the differential formulation of the
      generalized effective liquid approximation.

PMID- 9960024
TI  - Activated dynamics, loss of ergodicity, and transport in supercooled liquids.

PMID- 9960027
TI  - Orientational order in simple dipolar fluids: Density-functional theory and
      absolute-stability conditions.

PMID- 9960026
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation study of mesophase formation in dipolar spherocylinders.

PMID- 9960028
TI  - Interface dynamics and banding in rapid solidification.

PMID- 9960030
TI  - Negative-energy waves in an inhomogeneous force-free Vlasov plasma with sheared
      magnetic field.

PMID- 9960029
TI  - Testing singularities in the complex plane: Suggestions for dendritic-growth
      experiments.

PMID- 9960032
TI  - Ion-ion interaction and equation of state of a dense plasma: Application to
      beryllium.

PMID- 9960031
TI  - Experiments on grid-excited solitons in a positive-ion-negative-ion plasma.

PMID- 9960033
TI  - Electron-temperature inhomogeneities along an x-ray laser plasma.

PMID- 9960034
TI  - Resistive model of the rf discharge including additional dc currents and
      electrodes.

PMID- 9960035
TI  - Collective modes in nonrelativistic electron-positron plasmas.

PMID- 9960036
TI  - Self-consistent model for the nonequilibrium cathode region.

PMID- 9960037
TI  - State-specific mobility of excited cadmium and calcium ions in a discharge plasma
      measured by a tunable diode laser.

PMID- 9960038
TI  - Impact ionization in nonideal plasmas in a strong electric field.

PMID- 9960039
TI  - Characteristics of synchrotron C-caronerenkov radiation.

PMID- 9960040
TI  - Coupling impedance of beam pipes of general cross section.

PMID- 9960041
TI  - Contributions to the electromagnetic wave theory of bounded homogeneous
      anisotropic media.

PMID- 9960042
TI  - Transverse stability of Kawahara solitons.

PMID- 9960043
TI  - Brillouin-scattering study of hyaluronic acid: Dynamic coupling with the water of
      hydration and phase transitions.

PMID- 9960044
TI  - Dynamics and thermodynamics of a nonlinear model for DNA denaturation.

PMID- 9960045
TI  - Application of finite-size scaling to the Pink model for lipid bilayers.

PMID- 9960046
TI  - Detecting structure in two dimensions combining Voronoi tessellation and
      percolation.

PMID- 9960047
TI  - Universality classes of second-order dynamical phase transitions.

PMID- 9960048
TI  - Method of controlling chaos in laser equations.

PMID- 9960049
TI  - Density-functional method for lattice-gas problems.

PMID- 9960050
TI  - Large-scale chaos in the neutral-line Hamiltonian.

PMID- 9960051
TI  - Himalayan sandpiles.

PMID- 9960052
TI  - Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy for higher forms.

PMID- 9960053
TI  - Sandpiles and diffusion-limited reactions.

PMID- 9960054
TI  - Scaling behavior of a directed sandpile automata with random defects.

PMID- 9960056
TI  - Quantum wave turbulence.

PMID- 9960055
TI  - Hausdorff dimension from the minimal spanning tree.

PMID- 9960057
TI  - A low-wave-vector expansion for reflectivity.

PMID- 9960058
TI  - Selection of toroidal shape of partially polymerized membranes.

PMID- 9960059
TI  - Alfven vortices in nonuniform dusty magnetoplasmas.

PMID- 9960060
TI  - Explosive instabilities of reaction-diffusion equations including pinch effects.

PMID- 9960061
TI  - Temperature dependence of Stark broadening for several Si II lines.

PMID- 9960063
TI  - Gauge-invariance aspects of the canonical perturbation theory.

PMID- 9960062
TI  - Stress distribution of a hexagonally packed granular pile.

PMID- 9960064
TI  - Critical behavior of branching annihilating random walks with an odd number of
      offsprings.

PMID- 9960065
TI  - Singularity spectrum of self-organized criticality.

PMID- 9960067
TI  - Nonstable solitons and sharp criteria for wave collapse.

PMID- 9960066
TI  - Universal amplitudes of power-law tails in the asymptotic structure factor of
      systems with topological defects.

PMID- 9960069
TI  - Numerical test of finite-barrier corrections for the hopping rate in a periodic
      potential.

PMID- 9960068
TI  - Scaling properties of the shadowing model for sputter deposition.

PMID- 9960070
TI  - Modeling shock waves in an ideal gas: Going beyond the Navier-Stokes level.

PMID- 9960072
TI  - Adsorption of polymers on a random surface.

PMID- 9960071
TI  - From small scales to large scales in three-dimensional turbulence: The effect of
      diluted polymers.

PMID- 9960073
TI  - Spinodal decomposition in a three-dimensional fluid model.

PMID- 9960074
TI  - Properties of the reaction front in a reversible A+B

PMID- 9960075
TI  - Entropy-driven DNA denaturation.

PMID- 9960077
TI  - Selection mechanism and area distribution in two-dimensional cellular structures.

PMID- 9960076
TI  - Dispersion relation around the kink solution of the Cahn-Hilliard equation.

PMID- 9960079
TI  - Geometrical hints for a nonperturbative approach to Hamiltonian dynamics.

PMID- 9960078
TI  - Spatiotemporal dynamics due to stick-slip friction in an elastic-membrane system.

PMID- 9960080
TI  - Scale-invariant motion in intermittent chaotic systems.

PMID- 9960081
TI  - Coupling among three chemical oscillators: Synchronization, phase death, and
      frustration.

PMID- 9960082
TI  - Multifractal formalism for fractal signals: The structure-function approach
      versus the wavelet-transform modulus-maxima method.

PMID- 9960083
TI  - Reaction-diffusion lattice gas: Theory and computer results.

PMID- 9960084
TI  - Water erosion as a fractal growth process.

PMID- 9960085
TI  - Long-wavelength properties of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation.

PMID- 9960086
TI  - Analytic calculation of the diffusion coefficient for random walks on strips of
      finite width: Dependence on size and nature of boundaries.

PMID- 9960087
TI  - Activated rate processes: Finite-barrier expansion for the rate in the spatial
      diffusion limit.

PMID- 9960088
TI  - Asymmetric free energy from Riemannian geometry.

PMID- 9960089
TI  - Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a dilute Bose gas.

PMID- 9960090
TI  - Ziff-Gulari-Barshad model with CO desorption: An Ising-like nonequilibrium
      critical point.

PMID- 9960091
TI  - Multifractality of probability measure on energy-spectrum supports.

PMID- 9960093
TI  - Dynamic autoresonance and global chaos in a slowly evolving system of two coupled
      oscillators.

PMID- 9960092
TI  - Gradients of potential fields on rough surfaces: Perturbative calculation of the
      singularity distribution function f( alpha ) for small surface dimension.

PMID- 9960094
TI  - Small-noise approximations to the solution of the Smoluchowski equation.

PMID- 9960096
TI  - Quantum Poincare sections for two-dimensional billiards.

PMID- 9960095
TI  - Ferromagnetic phase transition in random Potts spin chains.

PMID- 9960097
TI  - Fractal renewal processes generate 1/f noise.

PMID- 9960098
TI  - Stability exchanges between periodic orbits in a Hamiltonian dynamical system.

PMID- 9960100
TI  - Differential condition of thermodynamic consistency as a closure for the Ornstein
      Zernike equation.

PMID- 9960099
TI  - Shadowing instability in three dimensions.

PMID- 9960101
TI  - Kinetics of the monomer-monomer surface reaction model.

PMID- 9960102
TI  - Light-scattering measurements of nonequilibrium fluctuations in a liquid mixture.

PMID- 9960103
TI  - Numerical inverse-scattering-transform analysis of laboratory-generated surface
      wave trains.

PMID- 9960104
TI  - Repeated transients of weakly nonlinear traveling-wave convection.

PMID- 9960105
TI  - Thermodynamics of Taylor dispersion: Constitutive equations.

PMID- 9960107
TI  - Phonon-particle interactions and transport processes in liquids.

PMID- 9960106
TI  - Characterization of period-doubling scenarios in Taylor-Couette flow.

PMID- 9960108
TI  - Long-wavelength analysis of the coupling between solidification and Soret-driven
      convection at positive separation ratio.

PMID- 9960109
TI  - Asymptotic behavior of viscous-fingering patterns in circular geometry.

PMID- 9960110
TI  - Magnetic-field-induced biaxiality in an antiferroelectric liquid crystal.

PMID- 9960111
TI  - Novel dynamical mode in a tilted smectic liquid-crystal film.

PMID- 9960112
TI  - Glass transition and dynamic-mobility spectrum of an isotropic system of rodlike
      molecules.

PMID- 9960113
TI  - Absence of the nematic phase in symmetric diblock copolymers.

PMID- 9960115
TI  - Kinetics of spinodal decomposition in a polymer mixture.

PMID- 9960114
TI  - Hydrothermal waves in Marangoni convection in a cylindrical container.

PMID- 9960117
TI  - Growth instability and pricking-fracture mechanism in smectic-A focal-conic
      nucleation.

PMID- 9960116
TI  - Ion-director coupling in a ferroelectric liquid crystal.

PMID- 9960118
TI  - Crystal growth in a channel: Numerical study of the one-sided model.

PMID- 9960119
TI  - Theory of phase-separation dynamics in quenched binary mixtures.

PMID- 9960120
TI  - Phase separation and curvature of bilayer membranes.

PMID- 9960121
TI  - Critical points in layered systems.

PMID- 9960122
TI  - Growth of a single drop formed by diffusion and adsorption of monomers on a two
      dimensional substrate.

PMID- 9960123
TI  - High-resolution calorimetric study of the antiferroelectric liquid crystals
      methylheptyloxycarbonylphenyl octyloxybiphenyl carboxylate and its
      octylcarbonylbiphenyl analog.

PMID- 9960124
TI  - Planar density-functional approach to the solid-fluid interface of simple
      liquids.

PMID- 9960125
TI  - Interplay of orientational order and viscoelasticity in supercooled liquids near
      the glass transition.

PMID- 9960126
TI  - Planar solidification from an undercooled melt: Asymptotic solutions to a
      continuum model with interfacial kinetics.

PMID- 9960127
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation studies of dendritic instabilities in three dimensions.

PMID- 9960128
TI  - Biharmonic pattern selection.

PMID- 9960129
TI  - Interaction of a weakly nonlinear laser pulse with a plasma.

PMID- 9960130
TI  - Time-dependent electron kinetics in N2 and H2 for a wide range of the field
      frequency including electron-vibration superelastic collisions.

PMID- 9960131
TI  - Stopping power of extended cluster and ion charge distributions in an arbitrarily
      degenerate electron fluid.

PMID- 9960132
TI  - Partition functions of rare-earth halide plasmas.

PMID- 9960133
TI  - Fast-discharge excitation of hot capillary plasmas for soft-x-ray amplifiers.

PMID- 9960134
TI  - Characterization of a capillary-discharge plasma.

PMID- 9960135
TI  - Generation of coherent undulator radiation using a relativistic photoelectron
      beam with picosecond micropulses.

PMID- 9960136
TI  - Microsphere-based short-wavelength recombination x-ray laser.

PMID- 9960137
TI  - Transition operators in electromagnetic-wave diffraction theory. II. Applications
      to optics.

PMID- 9960138
TI  - Manifestly covariant formalism for electromagnetism in chiral media.

PMID- 9960140
TI  - Generalization ability of perceptrons with continuous outputs.

PMID- 9960139
TI  - Length-scale competition for the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation
      with spatially periodic potentials.

PMID- 9960141
TI  - Class of Hamiltonian neural networks.

PMID- 9960142
TI  - Basin of attraction in networks of multistate neurons.

PMID- 9960143
TI  - Persistent self-organization of sandpiles.

PMID- 9960144
TI  - Experimental observation of type-II intermittency in a hydrodynamic system.

PMID- 9960145
TI  - Generating strange nonchaotic trajectories.

PMID- 9960147
TI  - Velocity selection in coupled-map lattices.

PMID- 9960146
TI  - Canonically modified Nose-Hoover equation with explicit inclusion of the virial.

PMID- 9960148
TI  - Pattern selection at high nonlinearity in a diffusively coupled logistic lattice.

PMID- 9960149
TI  - Soliton on a disordered lattice.

PMID- 9960150
TI  - Long-time limit of the self-correlation-function of one-dimensional diffusion.

PMID- 9960151
TI  - Late-stage phase separation and sedimentation in a binary liquid mixture.

PMID- 9960152
TI  - Rotating-liquid-drop model limit tested on macroscopic drops.

PMID- 9960153
TI  - Effect of long-range forces on surface enrichment in polymer blends.

PMID- 9960154
TI  - Critical exponents for a self-interacting, directed polymer with adsorption.

PMID- 9960155
TI  - Experimental studies on the temperature behavior of the nonlinear dielectric
      effect in a critical binary solution.

PMID- 9960156
TI  - Size dependence of the minimum-growth probabilities of typical diffusion-limited
      aggregation clusters.

PMID- 9960158
TI  - Strange attractor of the modulated Stokes wave: A universal form.

PMID- 9960157
TI  - Nonuniversal diffusion in a chain with deterministic local drifts.

PMID- 9960160
TI  - Controlling chaos in highly dissipative systems: A simple recursive algorithm.

PMID- 9960159
TI  - Law of proliferation of periodic orbits in pseudointegrable billiards.

PMID- 9960161
TI  - Discerning differences among anomalously wandering directed polymers.

PMID- 9960162
TI  - Parametrically excited quasicrystalline surface waves.

PMID- 9960163
TI  - Lamellar phase in a model for block copolymers.

PMID- 9960164
TI  - Blow-up in the Boussinesq equation.

PMID- 9960165
TI  - Interaction between a drifting spiral and defects.

PMID- 9960167
TI  - Nonadiabatic response theory: The case of volume change.

PMID- 9960166
TI  - Critical finite-range scaling in scalar-field theories and Ising models.

PMID- 9960168
TI  - Ordering kinetics in systems with long-range interactions.

PMID- 9960169
TI  - Light-controlled anchoring of meandering spiral waves.

PMID- 9960170
TI  - Standard fluctuation-dissipation process from a deterministic mapping.

PMID- 9960171
TI  - Long-range interactions generated by random Levy flights: Spin-flip and spin
      exchange kinetic Ising model in two dimensions.

PMID- 9960172
TI  - Coarsening dynamics of the XY model.

PMID- 9960173
TI  - Thermal cycle around the critical point of carbon dioxide under reduced gravity.

PMID- 9960174
TI  - Normal solutions for master equations with time-dependent transition rates:
      Application to heating processes.

PMID- 9960175
TI  - Geometrical and dynamical properties of homoclinic tangles in a simple
      Hamiltonian system.

PMID- 9960177
TI  - Driven diffusive system with quenched impurities.

PMID- 9960176
TI  - Nonlinear-relaxation-time and quasideterministic-theory approaches to
      characterize the decay of unstable states.

PMID- 9960178
TI  - Mode-coupling theory and simulation results for the "running-sandpile" model of
      self-organized criticality.

PMID- 9960180
TI  - Adiabatic approach to mean-first-passage-time computation in bistable potential
      with colored noise.

PMID- 9960179
TI  - Resummation of classical and semiclassical periodic-orbit formulas.

PMID- 9960181
TI  - Deterministic and stochastic surface growth with generalized nonlinearity.

PMID- 9960182
TI  - Roughening of chemically reacting interfaces.

PMID- 9960183
TI  - Directed random walk with spatially correlated random transfer rates.

PMID- 9960184
TI  - Evolutionary dynamics of a multigroup fluctuating-population system.

PMID- 9960185
TI  - Spatiotemporal dynamics of an intrinsically chaotic field.

PMID- 9960187
TI  - Bistability driven by white shot noise.

PMID- 9960186
TI  - Giant nonlinearity in the low-frequency response of a fluctuating bistable
      system.

PMID- 9960188
TI  - Beyond the n=0 limit restriction for random-surface theories as derived from
      Hamiltonian gauge models.

PMID- 9960189
TI  - Weak localization in a chaotic periodically driven anharmonic oscillator.

PMID- 9960190
TI  - Parametric motion of energy levels in quantum chaotic systems. I. Curvature
      distributions.

PMID- 9960191
TI  - Parametric motion of energy levels in quantum chaotic systems. II. Avoided
      crossing distributions.

PMID- 9960192
TI  - Fast sound in liquid water.

PMID- 9960193
TI  - Shear viscosity and normal pressure differences in the scope of the extended
      Kirkwood-Smoluchowski equation.

PMID- 9960194
TI  - Mode-coupling analysis of atomic dynamics in liquid lead.

PMID- 9960195
TI  - Relationship between McQuarrie and Helfand equations for the determination of
      shear viscosity from equilibrium molecular dynamics.

PMID- 9960196
TI  - Triplet correlation functions for hard spheres: Comparison of different
      approaches.

PMID- 9960197
TI  - Successive bifurcations in directional viscous fingering.

PMID- 9960198
TI  - Convection in binary fluids: Amplitude equations, codimension-2 bifurcation, and
      thermal fluctuations.

PMID- 9960199
TI  - Canonical formalism, fundamental equation, and generalized thermomechanics for
      irreversible fluids with heat transfer.

PMID- 9960200
TI  - Self-diffusion of rodlike molecules in strong shear fields.

PMID- 9960201
TI  - Exact relations in the theory of developed hydrodynamic turbulence.

PMID- 9960202
TI  - Burgers's turbulence model as a stochastic dynamical system: Master equation and
      simulation.

PMID- 9960203
TI  - Lattice Boltzmann model for simulating flows with multiple phases and components.

PMID- 9960204
TI  - Spreading of a solid-on-solid drop.

PMID- 9960205
TI  - Supercooling of a nematic liquid crystal.

PMID- 9960206
TI  - Structure of the effective Hamiltonian for liquid-vapor interfaces.

PMID- 9960207
TI  - Critical behavior of a three-component microemulsion.

PMID- 9960209
TI  - Optical activity in the smectic-A phase of a highly chiral liquid crystal.

PMID- 9960208
TI  - Bulk and interfacial wetting properties of binary liquid mixtures.

PMID- 9960210
TI  - Surfacelike-elasticity-induced spontaneous twist deformations and long-wavelength
      stripe domains in a hybrid nematic layer.

PMID- 9960211
TI  - Phase-field model of solute trapping during solidification.

PMID- 9960212
TI  - Critical behavior at nematic-smectic-A1 phase transitions. I. High-resolution x
      ray-scattering and calorimetric study of the liquid-crystal
      octyloxyphenylnitrobenzoyloxy benzoate.

PMID- 9960213
TI  - Critical behavior at nematic-smectic-A1 phase transtions. II. Preasymptotic three
      dimensional XY analysis of x-ray and Cp data.

PMID- 9960214
TI  - Modal behavior observed in the evolution of immiscible interfaces within an
      injection-forced Hele-Shaw cell.

PMID- 9960215
TI  - Energy of linear quasineutral electrostatic drift waves.

PMID- 9960216
TI  - Continuous-electron-beam focusing induced by collective plasma interactions in D2
      and H2.

PMID- 9960217
TI  - Plasma conditions for non-Maxwellian electron distributions in high current
      discharges and laser-produced plasmas.

PMID- 9960218
TI  - Nonlinear mode conversion with chaotic soliton generation at plasma resonance.

PMID- 9960219
TI  - Determination of gas-temperature and velocity profiles in an argon thermal-plasma
      jet by laser-light scattering.

PMID- 9960220
TI  - Measurements of Stark broadening of some long-wavelength transitions in C V, C
      VI, and N V.

PMID- 9960222
TI  - Theory of longitudinal Schottky spectra of ordered ion beams in a storage ring.

PMID- 9960221
TI  - Dynamic aperture of electron storage rings with noninterleaved sextupoles.

PMID- 9960224
TI  - Energy conservation of a uniformly accelerated point charge.

PMID- 9960223
TI  - Ponderomotive focusing in axisymmetric rf linacs.

PMID- 9960225
TI  - Dynamic behavior of an electron ring close to a cyclotron resonance in a modified
      betatron accelerator.

PMID- 9960227
TI  - Photonic bands in simple and body-centered-cubic cholesteric blue phases.

PMID- 9960226
TI  - Analytic and numerical study of two-frequency undulator radiation.

PMID- 9960228
TI  - Radiation by solitons due to higher-order dispersion.

PMID- 9960230
TI  - Theory of pressure-dependent melting of the DNA double helix: Role of strained
      hydrogen bonds.

PMID- 9960229
TI  - RNA folding and combinatory landscapes.

PMID- 9960232
TI  - Photoemission spectromicroscopy of neurons.

PMID- 9960231
TI  - Lateral diffusion coefficients of phospholipids in spherical bilayers on a solid
      support measured by 2H-nuclear-magnetic-resonance relaxation.

PMID- 9960233
TI  - Bose condensation for the Wu-Austin Hamiltonian without pumping.

PMID- 9960234
TI  - Simulation of the differential adhesion driven rearrangement of biological cells.

PMID- 9960235
TI  - Distributed dynamics in neural networks.

PMID- 9960237
TI  - Transition to a turbulent spectrum in the presence of viscous damping.

PMID- 9960236
TI  - Generalization transitions in hidden-layer neural networks for third-order
      feature discrimination.

PMID- 9960239
TI  - Fluctuation relation for the temperature derivative of Lyapunov exponents.

PMID- 9960238
TI  - Signatures of chaos in the modulus and phase of time-dependent wave functions.

PMID- 9960241
TI  - Exact solution for a two-stage stochastic evolution system.

PMID- 9960240
TI  - Levy walks and propagators in intermittent chaotic systems.

PMID- 9960242
TI  - Scaling relations for forced oscillators in the transition from a dissipative to
      a Hamiltonian system.

PMID- 9960243
TI  - Equation of state for "classical" helium.

PMID- 9960244
TI  - Exact statistical model accounting for surface fluctuations in two-dimensional
      droplets.

PMID- 9960246
TI  - Implications of Griffith's condition on crack growth.

PMID- 9960245
TI  - "In-plane" orientational fluctuations in smectic-A liquid crystals.

PMID- 9960247
TI  - Influence of temperature on parametric x-ray intensity.

PMID- 9960248
TI  - Erratum: Statistical analysis of compressible turbulent shear flows with special
      emphasis on turbulence modeling

PMID- 9960249
TI  - Erratum: Relaxation induced by colored noise: Analytical results for multilevel
      systems

PMID- 9960250
TI  - Self-consistent approach to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation.

PMID- 9960251
TI  - Dynamic equilibrium in granular flow obtained by a nonlinear dynamic equation.

PMID- 9960252
TI  - Random walks on random systems: Eigenspectrum of large Markov matrices.

PMID- 9960253
TI  - Space-resolved x-ray emission from the densest part of laser plasmas: Molecular
      satellite features and asymmetrical wings.

PMID- 9960254
TI  - Modulated instability in collisional plasmas.

PMID- 9960256
TI  - Filtered noise can mimic low-dimensional chaotic attractors.

PMID- 9960255
TI  - Consistent scaling of multifractal measures: Multifractal spatial correlations.

PMID- 9960257
TI  - Probe for morphology and hierarchical correlations in scale-invariant structures.

PMID- 9960258
TI  - Diffusion in a random medium: A Monte Carlo study.

PMID- 9960259
TI  - Application of reconstructed phase-space techniques for correlation-dimension
      calculations in a spatially extended dynamical system.

PMID- 9960261
TI  - Nonlinear-response effects in stochastic resonance.

PMID- 9960260
TI  - Axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising-model roughening transitions.

PMID- 9960262
TI  - Pile density is a control parameter of sand avalanches.

PMID- 9960263
TI  - Range of multifractality for random walks on random fractals.

PMID- 9960264
TI  - Stochastic averaging of the time-evolution operator for quantum systems driven by
      Ornstein-Uhlenbeck colored noise: A nonperturbative cluster cumulant method.

PMID- 9960265
TI  - Synchronization of chaotic trajectories using control.

PMID- 9960266
TI  - Relaxation from an intrinsically unstable state to the metastable state in a
      colored-noise-driven system.

PMID- 9960267
TI  - On self-organized criticality in nonconserving systems.

PMID- 9960268
TI  - Brownian dynamics in a thin sheet with momentum decay.

PMID- 9960269
TI  - Relaxational dynamics after the quench of a conserved system with a continuous
      symmetry.

PMID- 9960271
TI  - Extremely simple nonlinear noise-reduction method.

PMID- 9960270
TI  - N-dimensional Abelian sandpile model with nearest-neighbor toppling.

PMID- 9960272
TI  - Statistics and scarring of eigenvectors of a shell model.

PMID- 9960273
TI  - Competitive and noncompetitive reversible binding processes.

PMID- 9960274
TI  - Self-avoiding walks on compact fractals: Exact and Monte Carlo renormalization
      group results.

PMID- 9960275
TI  - General behavior of the quenched averaged spectral density with a change in the
      ensemble probability distribution.

PMID- 9960276
TI  - Suppression of energy fluctuations in the classical counterpart of quantum
      models.

PMID- 9960277
TI  - Dissipative corrections to escape probabilities of thermal-nonequilibrium
      systems.

PMID- 9960278
TI  - Diffusion-limited exciton fusion reaction in one-dimensional tetramethylammonium
      manganese trichloride (TMMC).

PMID- 9960279
TI  - Phase diagram of the five-vertex model.

PMID- 9960280
TI  - Perturbational view of inherent structures in water.

PMID- 9960281
TI  - Consistent integral equations for two- and three-body-force models: Application
      to a model of silicon.

PMID- 9960283
TI  - Role of low-pass filtering in the process of attractor reconstruction from
      experimental chaotic time series.

PMID- 9960282
TI  - Reformulation of recursive-renormalization-group-based subgrid modeling of
      turbulence.

PMID- 9960284
TI  - Pattern selection in rotating convection with experimental boundary conditions.

PMID- 9960285
TI  - Micellar-shape anisometry near isotropic-liquid-crystal phase transitions.

PMID- 9960286
TI  - Cell dynamics simulation for the phase ordering of nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9960288
TI  - Zero-sound-like modes in simple liquid metals.

PMID- 9960287
TI  - Hydrodynamic effects in polydisperse charged colloidal suspensions at short
      times.

PMID- 9960289
TI  - Positronium in xenon: The path-integral approach.

PMID- 9960290
TI  - Cellular-automata calculation of frequency-dependent permeability of porous
      media.

PMID- 9960291
TI  - Reconstruction of the orientational pair-correlation function from neutron
      diffraction data: The case of liquid hydrogen iodide.

PMID- 9960292
TI  - Volume-fraction dependence of elastic moduli and transition temperatures for
      colloidal silica gels.

PMID- 9960293
TI  - Nonlinear fluctuation effects in dilute polymer solutions in periodic flow.

PMID- 9960295
TI  - Directional growth of a smectic-A-smectic-B interface lying along a forbidden
      orientation.

PMID- 9960296
TI  - Two-dimensional aggregation of polystyrene latex particles.

PMID- 9960294
TI  - Phase diagram of a frustrated smectic liquid-crystal system and the absence of
      the incommensurate smectic-Ai2 phase.

PMID- 9960298
TI  - Free-energy model for charged Yukawa mixtures: Asymptotic strong-coupling limit
      and a nonlinear mixing rule.

PMID- 9960297
TI  - Spectral evidence of connected structures in liquid water: Effective Raman
      density of vibrational states.

PMID- 9960299
TI  - Power-law scattering in fluids with a nonscalar order parameter.

PMID- 9960300
TI  - Crossover from scalar to vectorial percolation in silica gelation.

PMID- 9960301
TI  - Dynamics of Ostwald ripening in the presence of surfactants.

PMID- 9960302
TI  - Prediction of dendritic spacings in a directional-solidification experiment.

PMID- 9960303
TI  - Crossover from fractal to compact flow from simulations of two-phase flow with
      finite viscosity ratio in two-dimensional porous media.

PMID- 9960304
TI  - Growth in non-Laplacian fields.

PMID- 9960305
TI  - Pattern formation in screened electrostatic fields: Growth in a channel and in
      two dimensions.

PMID- 9960306
TI  - Theory of resonant and stimulated excitation of magnetic-moment fields in wave
      plasma interactions.

PMID- 9960307
TI  - Analysis of K alpha line emission from aluminum plasmas created by intense proton
      beams.

PMID- 9960309
TI  - Time-resolved backside optical probing of picosecond-laser-pulse-produced plasma
      in solid materials.

PMID- 9960308
TI  - Wake-field excitation in two- and three-component plasmas.

PMID- 9960310
TI  - Pulsation of harmonic and K alpha emission from laser-produced plasmas.

PMID- 9960312
TI  - Recombination of argon in an expanding plasma jet.

PMID- 9960311
TI  - Shift and width of the H alpha line of hydrogen in dense plasmas.

PMID- 9960313
TI  - Escape time of heliumlike alpha resonance-line photons emitted from optically
      thick plasmas.

PMID- 9960314
TI  - Oscillations of low-current electrical discharges between parallel-plane
      electrodes. I. dc discharges.

PMID- 9960315
TI  - Oscillations of low-current electrical discharges between parallel-plane
      electrodes. II. Pulsed discharges in H2.

PMID- 9960317
TI  - Nonlinear self-consistent theory for crossed-field devices.

PMID- 9960316
TI  - Oscillations of low-current electrical discharges between parallel-plane
      electrodes. III. Models.

PMID- 9960319
TI  - Electromagnetism in anisotropic chiral media.

PMID- 9960318
TI  - Quasiclassical approximation for the beamstrahlung process.

PMID- 9960320
TI  - Bound states of envelope solitons.

PMID- 9960321
TI  - Vector statistics of correlated Gaussian fields.

PMID- 9960322
TI  - Dynamical behavior of the firings in a coupled neuronal system.

PMID- 9960323
TI  - Spatiotemporal pattern processing in a compartmental-model neuron.

PMID- 9960324
TI  - Neural filters for jet analysis.

PMID- 9960325
TI  - Colloid aggregation with short-step diffusion: A more realistic model in the
      reaction limit.

PMID- 9960326
TI  - Recursive-Green's-function analysis of wave propagation in two-dimensional
      nonhomogeneous media.

PMID- 9960327
TI  - Absence of enhanced fluctuations as a first-order phase transition is approached:
      An exact transfer-matrix study.

PMID- 9960328
TI  - Heat-capacity anomalies from four-layer liquid-crystal films: Experimental
      results and simulation results.

PMID- 9960329
TI  - Stick-slip response in electrorheological fluids.

PMID- 9960330
TI  - Pattern formation caused by double quenches in binary polymer mixtures: Response
      of phase-separated structure to a second quench within a two-phase region.

PMID- 9960331
TI  - Chord-length distribution function for two-phase random media.

PMID- 9960332
TI  - Dynamical properties of a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal.

PMID- 9960333
TI  - Short-time electric-field dynamics at a neutral point in strongly coupled
      plasmas.

PMID- 9960334
TI  - Learning from examples in feedforward Boolean networks.

PMID- 9960335
TI  - Comment on "Negative temperature of vortex motion"

PMID- 9960336
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Negative temperature of vortex motion' "

PMID- 9960337
TI  - Trace formulas for arithmetical systems.

PMID- 9960338
TI  - Dynamics of spring-block models: Tuning to criticality.

PMID- 9960339
TI  - Two-frequency control and suppression of tunneling in the driven double well.

PMID- 9960340
TI  - Two-dimensional avalanches as stochastic Markov processes.

PMID- 9960341
TI  - Staircase polygons, elliptic integrals, Heun functions, and lattice Green
      functions.

PMID- 9960342
TI  - Coupled phase instability of a cellular pattern.

PMID- 9960343
TI  - Multidimensional pattern formation has an infinite number of constants of motion.

PMID- 9960345
TI  - Lattice Boltzmann thermohydrodynamics.

PMID- 9960344
TI  - Traveling-wave wall states in rotating Rayleigh-Benard convection.

PMID- 9960346
TI  - Temperature and velocity profiles of turbulent convection in water.

PMID- 9960347
TI  - Ramp-induced wave-number selection for traveling waves.

PMID- 9960348
TI  - Structure factor for phase ordering in nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9960350
TI  - Reorientation dynamics of ferroelectric liquid-crystal molecules near the smectic
      A-smectic-C* transition.

PMID- 9960349
TI  - Molecular dynamics of phase separation in narrow channels.

PMID- 9960352
TI  - Laser-induced electron acceleration in a counterpropagating rf field.

PMID- 9960351
TI  - Branch-height distribution in diffusion-limited deposition.

PMID- 9960353
TI  - Probability distributions for second-order processes driven by Gaussian noise.

PMID- 9960354
TI  - Vibrations of strongly irregular or fractal resonators.

PMID- 9960355
TI  - Late-stage coarsening for off-critical quenches: Scaling functions and the growth
      law.

PMID- 9960356
TI  - Critical behavior of three interacting strings.

PMID- 9960357
TI  - Stochastic transient of a noise-perturbed Haken-Zwanzig model.

PMID- 9960358
TI  - Rupture propagation, dynamical front selection, and the role of small length
      scales in a model of an earthquake fault.

PMID- 9960359
TI  - Local false nearest neighbors and dynamical dimensions from observed chaotic
      data.

PMID- 9960360
TI  - Dynamical lattice-model simulation.

PMID- 9960361
TI  - Loop structure of percolation hulls.

PMID- 9960362
TI  - Properties of a logistic map with a sectional discontinuity.

PMID- 9960364
TI  - Noise and slow-fast dynamics in a three-wave resonance problem.

PMID- 9960363
TI  - Sandpiles, avalanches, and the statistical mechanics of nonequilibrium stationary
      states.

PMID- 9960365
TI  - Phase flow and statistical structure of Galton-board systems.

PMID- 9960366
TI  - Constant-temperature molecular dynamics with momentum conservation.

PMID- 9960367
TI  - Asymptotic behavior of dynamical correlations via perturbative analysis of
      infinite continued fractions.

PMID- 9960368
TI  - Probability distributions of local Lyapunov exponents for Hamiltonian systems.

PMID- 9960369
TI  - Model-independent method for reconstruction of scattering-length-density profiles
      using neutron or x-ray reflectivity data.

PMID- 9960370
TI  - Domain-growth scaling in systems with long-range interactions.

PMID- 9960371
TI  - Thermodynamics and multicorrelations of intermittent dynamics.

PMID- 9960372
TI  - Cooperative few-level fluctuations in coupled quantum systems.

PMID- 9960373
TI  - Growth and form of two-dimensional rotating aggregates.

PMID- 9960374
TI  - Upper critical dimension for aggregation processes.

PMID- 9960376
TI  - Groove instabilities in surface growth with diffusion.

PMID- 9960375
TI  - Theory of interaction and bound states of spiral waves in oscillatory media.

PMID- 9960377
TI  - Evidence of a nondiffusive transport in a monodisperse screened Coulomb system by
      a molecular-dynamics simulation.

PMID- 9960378
TI  - Transport properties of nonequilibrium gas mixtures.

PMID- 9960379
TI  - Equipartition and ergodicity in closed one-dimensional systems of hard spheres
      with different masses.

PMID- 9960380
TI  - Virial expansion for ionic mixtures: Point-counterion model.

PMID- 9960381
TI  - Relaxation dynamics in a lattice gas: A test of the mode-coupling theory of the
      ideal glass transition.

PMID- 9960382
TI  - Nonlinear diffusion process in a Benard system at the critical point for the
      onset of convection.

PMID- 9960383
TI  - Scaling in fluid turbulence: A geometric theory.

PMID- 9960384
TI  - Evolution of induced patterns in surface-tension-driven Benard convection.

PMID- 9960386
TI  - System-size effects at the isotropic-nematic transition from computer simulation.

PMID- 9960385
TI  - Rotating Rayleigh-Benard convection: Aspect-ratio dependence of the initial
      bifurcations.

PMID- 9960388
TI  - Kinetic growth of randomlike and ballisticlike deposition models.

PMID- 9960387
TI  - Coarsening dynamics in uniaxial nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9960389
TI  - Computer simulations of nonequilibrium structure formation in electrorheological
      fluids.

PMID- 9960390
TI  - Curvature defects in a lamellar phase revealed by nuclear-spin-relaxation
      anisotropy.

PMID- 9960391
TI  - Ordering of hard needles at a hard wall.

PMID- 9960392
TI  - Reentrant phase transition in charged colloidal suspensions: A Monte Carlo study.

PMID- 9960393
TI  - Quantitative determination of the percolation threshold in waterless
      microemulsions.

PMID- 9960394
TI  - Diffuse optical probes of particle motion and structure formation in an
      electrorheological fluid.

PMID- 9960395
TI  - Anisotropic critical properties of the hexatic N+6 phase near the transition to
      the hexagonal discotic phase.

PMID- 9960396
TI  - Dynamics of the lowest-order bend-twist director mode near nematic-smectic-A
      criticality.

PMID- 9960397
TI  - Effects of surface enhancement on fluctuation-induced interactions.

PMID- 9960398
TI  - Morphological instabilities of CBr4 crystals during growth from vapors.

PMID- 9960399
TI  - Generalization of the Poiseuille law for one- and two-phase flow in a random
      capillary network.

PMID- 9960400
TI  - Dynamics of phospholipid tubules in a concentrated solution: Results from high
      field magnetic birefringence and quasielastic light scattering.

PMID- 9960402
TI  - Capillary-rise study of nonequilibrium wetting by a binary liquid caused by
      temperature ramps.

PMID- 9960401
TI  - Light-scattering study of a surface-induced phase transition in alkane fluids.

PMID- 9960403
TI  - Simulation studies of the faceting transition in a cubic Ising model.

PMID- 9960405
TI  - Kinetic roughening of a terrace ledge.

PMID- 9960404
TI  - Phonon dispersion in polycrystalline ice: Implications for the collective
      behavior of liquid water.

PMID- 9960407
TI  - Ionization balance in the negative glow of a Hg-Ar hot-cathode discharge.

PMID- 9960406
TI  - Self-consistent cluster approach to the homogeneous kinetic nucleation theory.

PMID- 9960408
TI  - Optical probing of hot expanded states produced by shock release.

PMID- 9960410
TI  - Fast-ion interaction in dense plasmas with two-ion correlation effects.

PMID- 9960409
TI  - Electronic excitation of the 750- and 811-nm lines of argon.

PMID- 9960411
TI  - Breaking of resonantly excited electron plasma waves.

PMID- 9960412
TI  - Plasma-density evolution in compact polyacetal capillary discharges.

PMID- 9960413
TI  - Dielectric functions for the Vlasov-Landau equation.

PMID- 9960414
TI  - Helicity, topology, and force-free fields.

PMID- 9960415
TI  - Electrostatic oscillations in the presence of grain-charge perturbations in dusty
      plasmas.

PMID- 9960417
TI  - Plasma broadening of Ne II-Ne VI and F IV-F V spectral lines.

PMID- 9960416
TI  - Modulational instability dynamics in a spatial focusing and temporal defocusing
      medium.

PMID- 9960418
TI  - Spin-depolarization mechanisms due to overlapping spin resonances in
      synchrotrons.

PMID- 9960419
TI  - Uniform asymptotic description of ultrashort Gaussian-pulse propagation in a
      causal, dispersive dielectric.

PMID- 9960420
TI  - Study of fringing-field effects on the capacitance of a dielectric disk with a
      circular conducting hole.

PMID- 9960421
TI  - "Nonlinear" radiation of a sine-Gordon soliton generated by a constant external
      field.

PMID- 9960422
TI  - Generalized formula for the first derivative of the electric-field intensity.

PMID- 9960424
TI  - Continuous time algorithm for Lyapunov exponents. II.

PMID- 9960423
TI  - Continuous time algorithm for Lyapunov exponents. I.

PMID- 9960425
TI  - Generalized Forster-Dexter theory of photoinduced intramolecular energy transfer.

PMID- 9960426
TI  - Stability of the replica-symmetric solution for a perceptron learning from
      examples.

PMID- 9960427
TI  - Two-cell correlations in biological tissues.

PMID- 9960429
TI  - Lattice model for hydrogen bonding and hydration in pure lipid bilayers.

PMID- 9960428
TI  - Scaling and critical-like behavior in multidimensional diffusive dynamics.

PMID- 9960430
TI  - Finite-size effects on long-range correlations:  implications for analyzing DNA
      sequences.
AB  - We analyze the fluctuations in the correlation exponents obtained for noncoding
      DNA sequences.  We find prominent sample-to-sample variations as well as
      variations within a single sample in the scaling exponent.  To determine if these
      fluctuations may result from finite system size, we generate correlated random
      sequences of comparable length and study the fluctuations in this control system.
      We find that the DNA exponent fluctuations are consistent with those obtained
      from the control sequences having long-range power-law correlations.  Finally, we
      compare our exponents for the DNA sequences with the exponents obtained from
      power-spectrum analysis and correlation-function techniques, and demonstrate that
      the original "DNA-walk" method is intrinsically more accurate due to reduced
      noise.

PMID- 9960431
TI  - Stochastic resonance in globally coupled nonlinear oscillators.

PMID- 9960432
TI  - Scaling analysis of Langevin-type equations.

PMID- 9960433
TI  - Optically induced chaotic behavior in nematic liquid-crystal films.

PMID- 9960434
TI  - Path-integral formalism for classical Brownian motion in a general environment.

PMID- 9960435
TI  - Probability distribution function in the gas of paramagnetic particles.

PMID- 9960436
TI  - Stochastic to deterministic crossover of fractal dimensions for a Langevin
      equation.

PMID- 9960437
TI  - Nonclassical A+B-->0 batch reactions: Effect of mobility on rate, order,
      aggregation and segregation.

PMID- 9960438
TI  - Modification of the eikonal relation for chemical waves to include fluid flow.

PMID- 9960439
TI  - Biaxial effect at an isotropic-nematic interface.

PMID- 9960440
TI  - Nonfractal colloidal aggregation.

PMID- 9960442
TI  - Simple model of excitable media with dispersion and curvature.

PMID- 9960441
TI  - Magnitude of the prewetting boundary tension near wetting for short-range forces.

PMID- 9960444
TI  - Two-dimensional system of charges in cylindrical traps.

PMID- 9960443
TI  - Relativistic self-focusing of ultraintense laser pulses in inhomogeneous
      underdense plasmas.

PMID- 9960445
TI  - Influence of wave dispersion on the self-consistent dynamics of cyclotron-laser
      type systems.

PMID- 9960446
TI  - Projection-operator approach to overlap dynamics in a Hopfield network.

PMID- 9960447
TI  - Deflated regime for pressurized ring polymers with long-range interactions.

PMID- 9960449
TI  - Transition to hyperchaos in chaotically forced coupled oscillators.

PMID- 9960448
TI  - Finite-difference scheme to solve Schrodinger equations.

PMID- 9960450
TI  - Directed polymers in a random medium: Universal scaling behavior of the
      probability distribution.

PMID- 9960451
TI  - Hydrodynamic friction of arbitrarily shaped Brownian particles.

PMID- 9960452
TI  - Spiral-pattern formation in Rayleigh-Benard convection.

PMID- 9960453
TI  - Kuppers-Lortz transition at high dimensionless rotation rates in rotating
      Rayleigh-Benard convection.

PMID- 9960454
TI  - Limited stochastic electron acceleration induced by an intense cyclotron wave in
      a plasma.

PMID- 9960456
TI  - Control of chaos in an electrochemical cell.

PMID- 9960455
TI  - Scattering and wavelength transduction of diffuse photon density waves.

PMID- 9960457
TI  - Free energy via thermostatted dynamic potential-energy changes.

PMID- 9960459
TI  - Quantum irregular scattering in the presence of a classical stability island.

PMID- 9960458
TI  - Thermally activated escape over fluctuating barriers.

PMID- 9960460
TI  - Multifractal analysis of the galaxy distribution: Reliability of results from
      finite data sets.

PMID- 9960461
TI  - Synchronization of chaotic orbits: The effect of a finite time step.

PMID- 9960462
TI  - Crossover scaling in Scheidegger's river-network model.

PMID- 9960463
TI  - Characteristic-functional approach to the study of stochastic fluctuations in a
      model of ionization growth in a discharge gap.

PMID- 9960464
TI  - Nonlinear relaxation in the presence of an absorbing barrier.

PMID- 9960465
TI  - Dependence of phase transitions on small changes.

PMID- 9960466
TI  - Small-angle Krein collisions in a family of four-dimensional reversible maps.

PMID- 9960468
TI  - Ising model in an oscillating magnetic field: Mean-field theory.

PMID- 9960467
TI  - Stochastic resonance as a crisis in a period-doubled circuit.

PMID- 9960469
TI  - Thermodynamics and transport properties of n-butane computed by molecular
      dynamics using a rigid interaction model.

PMID- 9960470
TI  - Calculating Lyapunov exponents for short and/or noisy data sets.

PMID- 9960471
TI  - Mean first-passage time for systems driven by pre-Gaussian noise: Natural
      boundary conditions.

PMID- 9960472
TI  - Structural changes accompanying densification of random hard-sphere packings.

PMID- 9960473
TI  - Statistical mechanics of a Hopfield neural-network model in a transverse field.

PMID- 9960474
TI  - First-passage times and solutions of the telegrapher equation with boundaries.

PMID- 9960475
TI  - Probability distributions and escape rates for systems driven by
      quasimonochromatic noise.

PMID- 9960476
TI  - Information and entropy.

PMID- 9960477
TI  - Diffusive dynamics of deposition-evaporation systems, jamming, and broken
      symmetries in related quantum-spin models.

PMID- 9960478
TI  - Model for coarsening froths and foams.

PMID- 9960480
TI  - Modeling chaotic quantum systems by tridiagonal random matrices.

PMID- 9960479
TI  - Mean first-passage time in the presence of telegraph noise and the Ornstein
      Uhlenbeck process.

PMID- 9960481
TI  - Relaxation and stationary properties of a nonlinear system driven by white shot
      noise: An exactly solvable model.

PMID- 9960482
TI  - Diffusion in liquids from a first-passage-time point of view.

PMID- 9960483
TI  - Positron lifetime distributions in fluids.

PMID- 9960484
TI  - Weighted-density-functional theory of nonuniform ionic fluids: Application to
      electric double layers.

PMID- 9960485
TI  - Velocity correlations in a one-dimensional lattice gas: Theory and simulations.

PMID- 9960486
TI  - Behavior of entropy in hyperbolic heat conduction.

PMID- 9960487
TI  - Anderson localization and solitonic energy transport in one-dimensional
      oscillatory systems.

PMID- 9960488
TI  - Liquid structure of the alkaline-earth metals.

PMID- 9960489
TI  - Experimental observation of the quasiperiodic modes in a rotating Couette system.

PMID- 9960490
TI  - Breakdown of shock-wave-structure solutions.

PMID- 9960492
TI  - Ordering and finite-size effects in the dynamics of one-dimensional transient
      patterns.

PMID- 9960491
TI  - Evolution of patterns in the anisotropic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation:
      Modulational instability.

PMID- 9960493
TI  - Crossover of spectral scaling in thermal turbulence.

PMID- 9960495
TI  - Finite-time singularity formation in Hele-Shaw systems.

PMID- 9960494
TI  - Droplet breakup in a model of the Hele-Shaw cell.

PMID- 9960497
TI  - Connection between integrated intensities of depolarized-light-scattering spectra
      and mesoscopic order in liquids.

PMID- 9960496
TI  - Weakly to strongly structured mixtures.

PMID- 9960498
TI  - Molecular clusters and correlations in water by x-ray and neutron diffraction.

PMID- 9960500
TI  - Monte Carlo study of polymer chains end-grafted onto a spherical interface.

PMID- 9960499
TI  - Light-scattering spectroscopy of the liquid-glass transition in CaKNO3 and in the
      molecular glass Salol: Extended-mode-coupling-theory analysis.

PMID- 9960501
TI  - Lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook models for miscible fluids.

PMID- 9960502
TI  - Phase behavior of dense three-component ionic microemulsions and electrical
      conductivity in the lamellar phase.

PMID- 9960503
TI  - Time-dependent correlation functions in a one-dimensional asymmetric exclusion
      process.

PMID- 9960504
TI  - Associating-polymer effects in a Hele-Shaw experiment.

PMID- 9960505
TI  - Perturbation weighted-density approximation: The phase diagram of a Lennard-Jones
      system.

PMID- 9960506
TI  - Ginzburg-Landau theory of ternary amphiphilic systems. I. Gaussian interface
      fluctuations.

PMID- 9960507
TI  - Ginzburg-Landau theory of ternary amphiphilic systems. II. Monte Carlo
      simulations.

PMID- 9960508
TI  - Array of doublets: A branch of cellular solutions in directional solidification.

PMID- 9960510
TI  - Thermal energy of the crystalline one-component plasma from dynamical
      simulations.

PMID- 9960509
TI  - Validity of the effective temperature scale for a dilute Li+ swarm in a Xe gas.

PMID- 9960511
TI  - Nonlinear radiative-condensation instability and pattern formation: One
      dimensional dynamics.

PMID- 9960513
TI  - Linear waves in relativistic anisotropic magnetohydrodynamics.

PMID- 9960512
TI  - X-ray emission from a 650-fs laser-produced barium plasma.

PMID- 9960514
TI  - Concise expression of a classical radiation spectrum.

PMID- 9960515
TI  - Linear and nonlinear theory of gyroharmonic radiation into modes of a cylindrical
      waveguide from spatiotemporally modulated electron beams.

PMID- 9960516
TI  - Transition to stochasticity in the relativistic and the nonrelativistic versions
      of a dynamical system.

PMID- 9960517
TI  - Various characteristics of a waveguide-mode free-electron laser using a long
      pulse relativistic electron beam.

PMID- 9960518
TI  - Perturbation expansion for particle distributions in hadron storage rings.

PMID- 9960519
TI  - Analysis of the saturation of a high-gain free-electron laser.

PMID- 9960520
TI  - Continua of localized wave solutions via a complex similarity transformation.

PMID- 9960521
TI  - Spherical wave functions and dyadic Green's functions for homogeneous elastic
      anisotropic media.

PMID- 9960522
TI  - Asymptotic behavior of one-dimensional nonlinear discrete kink-bearing systems in
      the continuum limit: Problems of nonuniform convergence.

PMID- 9960523
TI  - Cooling schedules for learning in neural networks.

PMID- 9960524
TI  - Neural networks optimally trained with noisy data.

PMID- 9960525
TI  - Dynamics of an A-DNA homopolymer crystal with sodium ions: A Green-function
      approach.

PMID- 9960526
TI  - "Cavity-approach" analysis of the neural-network learning problem.

PMID- 9960527
TI  - Generalized Levy-walk model for DNA nucleotide sequences.
AB  - We propose a generalized Levy walk to model fractal landscapes observed in
      noncoding DNA sequences.  We find that this model provides a very close
      approximation to the empirical data and explains a number of statistical
      properties of genomic DNA sequences such as the distribution of strand-biased
      regions (those with an excess of one type of nucleotide) as well as local changes
      in the slope of the correlation exponent alpha.  The generalized Levy-walk model
      simultaneously accounts for the long-range correlations in noncoding DNA
      sequences and for the apparently paradoxical finding of long subregions of biased
      random walks (length lj) within these correlated sequences.  In the generalized
      Levy-walk model, the lj are chosen from a power-law distribution P(lj) varies as
      lj(-mu).  The correlation exponent alpha is related to mu through alpha = 2-mu/2
      if 2 < mu < 3.  The model is consistent with the finding of "repetitive elements"
      of variable length interspersed within noncoding DNA.

PMID- 9960528
TI  - Analog neural networks with local competition. I. Dynamics and stability.

PMID- 9960529
TI  - Analog neural networks with local competition. II. Application to associative
      memory.

PMID- 9960530
TI  - Signatures of quantum chaos in Wigner and Husimi representations.

PMID- 9960531
TI  - Quasicrossing distribution as a signature of the onset of chaos in the SU(3)
      nuclear model.

PMID- 9960532
TI  - Cycles and circles in roundoff errors.

PMID- 9960533
TI  - Brownian-particle trapping by clusters of traps.

PMID- 9960534
TI  - Exact evaluation of diffusion dynamics in a potential well with a general
      delocalized sink.

PMID- 9960535
TI  - Growth of interfaces with a conservation law and spatial-temporal correlations.

PMID- 9960536
TI  - Onset of spatiotemporal intermittency in a coupled-map lattice.

PMID- 9960537
TI  - Simple stochastic model for resonant activation.

PMID- 9960538
TI  - Self-organized criticality in 4He with a heat current.

PMID- 9960540
TI  - Modifying the onset of homoclinic chaos: Application to a bistable potential.

PMID- 9960539
TI  - Bethe lattices in hyperbolic space.

PMID- 9960541
TI  - Wind-tree model in two dimensions with internal degrees of freedom: Exact
      solution.

PMID- 9960542
TI  - Two-dimensional evolution of surface gravity waves on a fluid of arbitrary depth.

PMID- 9960543
TI  - Instability mechanism at driven contact lines.

PMID- 9960545
TI  - Rigidity and connectivity percolation in heterogeneous polymer-fluid networks.

PMID- 9960544
TI  - Spin-lattice relaxation of polymers: The memory-function formalism.

PMID- 9960547
TI  - Calculating the helical twisting power of dopants in a liquid crystal by computer
      simulation.

PMID- 9960546
TI  - Hyperscaling and nonclassical exponents for the line tension at wetting.

PMID- 9960549
TI  - Perturbation theory in the exact linearized kinetic equation for a plasma.

PMID- 9960548
TI  - Interference of phase separation and gelation: A zeroth-order kinetic model.

PMID- 9960550
TI  - Total backward reflection of electromagnetic radiation due to resonant excitation
      of surface waves.

PMID- 9960552
TI  - Comment on "Suppression of chaos by resonant parametric perturbations"

PMID- 9960551
TI  - Explosive free-electron-laser instability in a plasma-filled waveguide.

PMID- 9960553
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Suppression of chaos by resonant parametric perturbations'
      "

PMID- 9960554
TI  - Erratum: Third-frequency-moment sum rule and long-wavelength plasmon dispersion
      in layered electron liquids

PMID- 9960555
TI  - Quasiperiodic structure of the stochastic web map.

PMID- 9960556
TI  - Abelian sandpile model.

PMID- 9960557
TI  - Solitons and 1/f noise in molecular chains.

PMID- 9960559
TI  - Exact solution of an infinite class of stochastic models describing random
      sequential adsorption and other irreversible processes.

PMID- 9960558
TI  - Level-spacing distribution of a singular billiard.

PMID- 9960560
TI  - Head-on collision between two solitary waves in a Rayleigh-Benard convecting
      fluid.

PMID- 9960561
TI  - Concentration fluctuations of a binary liquid mixture in a macroporous glass.

PMID- 9960562
TI  - Transitions and instabilities in liquid crystal elastomers.

PMID- 9960563
TI  - Counterpropagating periodic pulses in coupled Ginzburg-Landau equations.

PMID- 9960564
TI  - Pulse propagation in optical fibers near the zero dispersion point.

PMID- 9960565
TI  - Hybrid Monte Carlo method for conserved-order-parameter systems.

PMID- 9960566
TI  - Application of the non-Markovian Fokker-Planck equation to the resonant
      activation of a Josephson junction.

PMID- 9960567
TI  - Catalysis at single-crystal Pt(110) surfaces: Global coupling and standing waves.

PMID- 9960568
TI  - Equivalence of thermostatted nonlinear responses.

PMID- 9960569
TI  - Annihilation reactions in two-dimensional percolation clusters: Effects of short
      range interactions.

PMID- 9960570
TI  - Effective-eigenvalue approach to the nonlinear Langevin equation for the Brownian
      motion in a tilted periodic potential: Application to the Josephson tunneling
      junction.

PMID- 9960571
TI  - Multifunctional variational method for description of evolution and dynamics of
      dissipative structures in nonequilibrium systems.

PMID- 9960572
TI  - Chaos and order in a kicked anharmonic oscillator: Classical and quantum
      analysis.

PMID- 9960573
TI  - Systems near a critical point under multiplicative noise and the concept of
      effective potential.

PMID- 9960574
TI  - Second-order dichotomous processes: Damped free motion, critical behavior, and
      anomalous superdiffusion.

PMID- 9960575
TI  - Classification criterion for dynamical systems in intermittent chaos.

PMID- 9960576
TI  - Universality of zero-dispersion peaks in the fluctuation spectra of underdamped
      nonlinear oscillators.

PMID- 9960577
TI  - From self-organized criticality to first-order-like behavior: A new type of
      percolative transition.

PMID- 9960578
TI  - Manifolds in random media: Multifractal behavior.

PMID- 9960580
TI  - Necessary condition of the Turing instability.

PMID- 9960579
TI  - Ordered and chaotic behavior of two coupled van der Pol oscillators.

PMID- 9960581
TI  - Motions of spiral waves in oscillatory media and in the presence of obstacles.

PMID- 9960582
TI  - Crises-induced intermittencies in a coherently driven system of two-level atoms.

PMID- 9960583
TI  - Stokes-Einstein violation in glass-forming liquids.

PMID- 9960585
TI  - Transport coefficients of hard-sphere mixtures. III. Diameter ratio 0.4 and mass
      ratio 0.03 at high fluid density.

PMID- 9960584
TI  - Evidence of kinetic effects in liquid

PMID- 9960586
TI  - Ornstein-Zernike equations and simulation results for hard-sphere fluids adsorbed
      in porous media.

PMID- 9960588
TI  - Heat and momentum transport in a gaseous dilute solution.

PMID- 9960587
TI  - Generalized hydrodynamics and dispersion relations in lattice gases.

PMID- 9960589
TI  - Rayleigh-Benard problem with imposed weak through-flow: Two coupled Ginzburg
      Landau equations.

PMID- 9960590
TI  - Bridging between eddy-viscosity-type and second-order turbulence models through a
      two-scale turbulence theory.

PMID- 9960591
TI  - Local anisotropic effects on multifractality of turbulence.

PMID- 9960592
TI  - Spatiotemporal intermittency in lines of vortices.

PMID- 9960593
TI  - Numerical construction of nonlinear wave-train solutions of the periodic Korteweg
      de Vries equation.

PMID- 9960594
TI  - Purely global model for Taylor dispersion.

PMID- 9960595
TI  - Spatial anisotropy of velocity fluctuations on small length scales in a Taylor
      Couette cell.

PMID- 9960596
TI  - High-field magnetic birefringence study of the phase behavior of concentrated
      solutions of phospholipid tubules.

PMID- 9960598
TI  - Viscoelastic interfacial modes in a wetting layer.

PMID- 9960597
TI  - Deuterium NMR of a pentylcyanobiphenyl liquid crystal confined in a silica
      aerogel matrix.

PMID- 9960599
TI  - Experimental studies of the rheology of a simple liquid mixture during phase
      separation.

PMID- 9960600
TI  - Phase transitions in diblock copolymers: Theory and Monte Carlo simulations.

PMID- 9960602
TI  - Langevin models for shear-stress fluctuations in flows of viscoelastic liquids.

PMID- 9960601
TI  - Ultrasonic measurements of an epoxy resin near its sol-gel transition.

PMID- 9960603
TI  - Effect of free surfaces on the smectic-A-hexatic-B-crystal-E transitions in thin
      free-standing films of the liquid-crystal compound n-heptyl-4'-n
      pentyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate (75OBC).

PMID- 9960605
TI  - Optical phase shift of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals.

PMID- 9960604
TI  - Hexatic and fat-fractal structures for water droplets condensing on oil.

PMID- 9960606
TI  - Models of crack propagation. II. Two-dimensional model with dissipation on the
      fracture surface.

PMID- 9960607
TI  - Concentration dependence of long-time tails in colloidal suspensions.

PMID- 9960608
TI  - Theoretical investigation of the behavior of ferroelectric liquid crystals in a
      magnetic or in a high-frequency electric field.

PMID- 9960609
TI  - Phase diagram of random copolymers.

PMID- 9960610
TI  - Effect of a critical field on screened dielectric-breakdown growth.

PMID- 9960611
TI  - Exact solution of a generalized ballistic-deposition model.

PMID- 9960612
TI  - Dendritic sidebranching with periodic localized perturbations: Directional
      solidification of pivalic acid-coumarin 152 mixtures.

PMID- 9960614
TI  - Nonlinear heat structures and arc-discharge electrode spots.

PMID- 9960613
TI  - Contributions of strong collisions in the theory of spectral lines.

PMID- 9960616
TI  - Space-charge divergence of an intense, unneutralized rectangular ion beam.

PMID- 9960615
TI  - Surface-wave propagation along the boundary of a plasma with nonlocal anisotropic
      electric properties.

PMID- 9960617
TI  - Minimal normal-form method for discrete maps.

PMID- 9960619
TI  - Kink dynamics in the periodically modulated phi4 model.

PMID- 9960618
TI  - Discrete C-caronerenkov power spectrum.

PMID- 9960621
TI  - Dynamics and interaction of solitons on an integrable inhomogeneous lattice.

PMID- 9960620
TI  - Elastic scattering and energy theorems for a doubly periodic planar array of
      elastic obstacles.

PMID- 9960623
TI  - Kinklike excitations as an energy-transfer mechanism in microtubules.

PMID- 9960622
TI  - Skin layer of diffusive media.

PMID- 9960624
TI  - Mitosis and growth in biological tissues.

PMID- 9960625
TI  - Poisson's ratio in polymer gels near the phase-transition point.

PMID- 9960626
TI  - Stochastic fields on a lattice.

PMID- 9960628
TI  - Dependence of percolation thresholds on lattice connectivity.

PMID- 9960627
TI  - Breaking of forward-backward symmetry in driven systems.

PMID- 9960629
TI  - Equivalence of two free-energy models for the inhomogeneous hard-sphere fluid.

PMID- 9960630
TI  - Nucleation-limited aggregation in fractal growth.

PMID- 9960631
TI  - Temperature dependence of XY-like order parameters in thin free-standing smectic
      liquid-crystal films.

PMID- 9960633
TI  - Evanescent-mode propagation and quantum tunneling.

PMID- 9960632
TI  - Electric-field-dependent thermal fluctuations of giant vesicles.

PMID- 9960634
TI  - Erratum: Self-consistent approach to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation

PMID- 9960636
TI  - Fluctuational distribution function of solitons in the nonlinear Schrodinger
      system.

PMID- 9960635
TI  - Nearly-second-order nematic-isotropic phase transition in a cyclic thermotropic
      liquid crystal.

PMID- 9960637
TI  - Formation of asymmetric states of spiral waves in oscillatory media.

PMID- 9960638
TI  - Determination of the noise level of chaotic time series.

PMID- 9960639
TI  - Interaction of a relaxing system with a dynamical environment.

PMID- 9960640
TI  - Self-organized criticality in a stochastic spring-block model.

PMID- 9960641
TI  - Conserved dynamics of a two-dimensional random-field model.

PMID- 9960643
TI  - Scaling of structure functions.

PMID- 9960642
TI  - Extended self-similarity in turbulent flows.

PMID- 9960644
TI  - One modification to the Yakhot-Orszag calculation in the renormalization-group
      theory of turbulence.

PMID- 9960645
TI  - Field-driven first-order structural transition in the restricted geometry of a
      smectic-A cell.

PMID- 9960646
TI  - Intrinsic localized modes as solitons with a compact support.

PMID- 9960647
TI  - Fluctuations in self-organizing systems.

PMID- 9960648
TI  - Effective-eigenvalue approach to the nonlinear Langevin equation for the Brownian
      motion in a tilted periodic potential. II. Application to the ring-laser
      gyroscope.

PMID- 9960649
TI  - Domain walls in nonequilibrium systems and the emergence of persistent patterns.

PMID- 9960650
TI  - Stabilizing chaotic-scattering trajectories using control.

PMID- 9960651
TI  - Stochastic tracking in nonlinear dynamical systems.

PMID- 9960652
TI  - Thermodynamic behavior of chains on the Bethe lattice.

PMID- 9960653
TI  - Anomalous diffusion in dynamical systems: Transport coefficients of all order.

PMID- 9960655
TI  - Collective phenomena in large populations of globally coupled relaxation
      oscillators.

PMID- 9960654
TI  - Surface adsorption and the collapse transition of a linear polymer chain: Some
      exact results on fractal lattices.

PMID- 9960657
TI  - Quantum spinodal decomposition.

PMID- 9960656
TI  - Cellular-automata studies of circular Couette flows and chaotic mixing.

PMID- 9960658
TI  - Generalized error propagation in one-dimensional chaotic systems.

PMID- 9960659
TI  - Compressible dynamics, time reversibility, Maxwell's demon, and the second law.

PMID- 9960660
TI  - Period doubling in coupled maps.

PMID- 9960661
TI  - Three-point correlation functions in uniformly and randomly driven diffusive
      systems.

PMID- 9960662
TI  - Photon path-length distributions for transmission through optically turbid slabs.

PMID- 9960663
TI  - Increase-in-entropy law.

PMID- 9960664
TI  - Diffusion-controlled bimolecular reactions: Long- and intermediate-time regimes
      with imperfect trapping within a Galanin approach.

PMID- 9960666
TI  - Further aspects of an interpolative quantum statistics.

PMID- 9960665
TI  - Wave propagation and quantum superdiffusion in a rapidly varying random
      potential.

PMID- 9960667
TI  - Crossover from rate-equation to diffusion-controlled kinetics in two-particle
      coagulation.

PMID- 9960669
TI  - Correlations, mean-field properties, and scaling of a one-dimensional sandpile
      model.

PMID- 9960668
TI  - Stochastic equations of motion for epitaxial growth.

PMID- 9960671
TI  - Difficulties in using averaged orbits to extract scaling functions.

PMID- 9960670
TI  - Self-consistent signal-to-noise analysis of the statistical behavior of analog
      neural networks and enhancement of the storage capacity.

PMID- 9960672
TI  - Limitations of delay reconstruction for chaotic dynamical systems.

PMID- 9960673
TI  - Irreversible phase transitions in a surface-reaction model with diffusion- and
      adsorption-limited reactions.

PMID- 9960674
TI  - Thermodynamics of driven systems.

PMID- 9960676
TI  - Solution to the telegrapher's equation in the presence of reflecting and partly
      reflecting boundaries.

PMID- 9960675
TI  - Escape problem for irreversible systems.

PMID- 9960678
TI  - Mean first-passage times for systems driven by the coin-toss square wave.

PMID- 9960677
TI  - Controlling chaos in a network of oscillators.

PMID- 9960679
TI  - Linear-solvability condition in the Saffman-Taylor problem.

PMID- 9960680
TI  - Nonlinear quantum dynamics at a classical second-order resonance.

PMID- 9960681
TI  - Exact scaling in surface growth with power-law noise.

PMID- 9960682
TI  - Lattice-gas automata with attractive and repulsive interactions.

PMID- 9960683
TI  - Neutron-diffraction determination of the microscopic structure of liquid
      deuterium.

PMID- 9960684
TI  - Scale-invariant regime in Rayleigh-Taylor bubble-front dynamics.

PMID- 9960685
TI  - Small-scale intermittency in randomly stirred fluids.

PMID- 9960686
TI  - Structure of hard-turbulent convection in two dimensions: Numerical evidence.

PMID- 9960687
TI  - Stability of Taylor-Dean flow in an annulus with arbitrary gap spacing.

PMID- 9960688
TI  - Interface growth and Burgers turbulence: The problem of random initial
      conditions.

PMID- 9960690
TI  - Thermal conductivity of a shearing fluid.

PMID- 9960689
TI  - Benard-Marangoni convective patterns in small cylindrical layers.

PMID- 9960691
TI  - Effect of gravity on stable Saffman-Taylor fingers.

PMID- 9960693
TI  - Orientational relaxation in a colloidal suspension of spheres.

PMID- 9960692
TI  - Fluctuations and light scattering in thin smectic films.

PMID- 9960694
TI  - New broken-parity state and a transition to anomalous lamellae in eutectic
      growth.

PMID- 9960695
TI  - Coherent crystallography of shear-aligned crystals of hard-sphere colloids.

PMID- 9960696
TI  - Theory of a symmetry-breaking phase transition in a surface layer of nematic
      liquid crystal.

PMID- 9960697
TI  - Bend and splay elastic constants of diheptylazoxybenzene.

PMID- 9960699
TI  - Kerr effect and the nonlinear dielectric effect on approaching the critical
      consolute point.

PMID- 9960698
TI  - Critical droplets on a wall near a first-order wetting transition.

PMID- 9960700
TI  - Orientational relaxation in a colloidal Heisenberg model.

PMID- 9960702
TI  - Theoretical analysis of actual surfaces: The effect on the nematic orientation.

PMID- 9960701
TI  - Weighted-density-functional theory of electrode-electrolyte interface: Beyond the
      primitive model.

PMID- 9960703
TI  - Experiments and analysis of combined diffraction and self-diffraction effects in
      a nematic-liquid-crystal cell.

PMID- 9960704
TI  - Macroscopic description of the kinetics of swelling for a cross-linked elastomer
      or a gel.

PMID- 9960705
TI  - Locating the nonergodicity-parameter anomaly near the liquid-to-glass crossover
      temperature in CaKNO3 by Brillouin scattering.

PMID- 9960706
TI  - Perturbed spectra of glasslike chains.

PMID- 9960707
TI  - Fluid-flow-induced pattern formation in liquid crystals in a rotating magnetic
      field.

PMID- 9960708
TI  - Dynamic relaxation of drifting polymers: A phenomenological approach.

PMID- 9960709
TI  - Monte Carlo study of polymer adsorption from dilute solutions.

PMID- 9960710
TI  - Phenomenological approach to the problem of the K13 surfacelike elastic term in
      the free energy of a nematic liquid crystal.

PMID- 9960711
TI  - Distortions induced by the K13 surfacelike elastic term in a thin nematic liquid
      crystal film.

PMID- 9960712
TI  - Effect of quenched and correlated disorder on growth phenomena.

PMID- 9960714
TI  - Growth and forms of Laplacian aggregates.

PMID- 9960713
TI  - Coupling of drift, diffusion, and electroconvection, in the vicinity of growing
      electrodeposits.

PMID- 9960715
TI  - Localization of growth sites in diffusion-limited-aggregation clusters:
      Multifractality and multiscaling.

PMID- 9960716
TI  - One-dimensional, weakly nonlinear electromagnetic solitary waves in a plasma.

PMID- 9960717
TI  - Dynamics and stability of an expanding laser-induced plasma in a low-density gas.

PMID- 9960718
TI  - Transport properties of Na+ ions in Kr gas.

PMID- 9960719
TI  - Filamentation effects and second-harmonic spectra in laser-produced plasmas.

PMID- 9960720
TI  - Equations of state and phase diagrams for dense multi-ionic mixture plasmas.

PMID- 9960721
TI  - Analytic solutions of the time-dependent quasilinear diffusion equation with
      source and loss terms.

PMID- 9960722
TI  - Spectroscopic investigation of fluctuating anisotropic electric fields in a high
      power-diode plasma.

PMID- 9960723
TI  - Charged-hard-sphere system: A self-consistent-field approximation.

PMID- 9960724
TI  - Low-temperaure O2- mobility in high-density neon gas.

PMID- 9960725
TI  - Application of the Fokker-Planck equation to particle-beam injection into e-
      storage rings.

PMID- 9960727
TI  - Pair creation by photons in the field of an electron or positron pulse of high
      density.

PMID- 9960726
TI  - Saturation and cavity-loss optimization in free-electron lasers.

PMID- 9960728
TI  - Spherical scattering of superpositions of localized waves.

PMID- 9960729
TI  - Resonant shape oscillations and decay of a soliton in a periodically
      inhomogeneous nonlinear optical fiber.

PMID- 9960730
TI  - Boundary conditions in electromagnetics.

PMID- 9960731
TI  - Nonlinear instabilities relating to negative-energy modes.

PMID- 9960732
TI  - Green's function of the electromagnetic field in biaxial media.

PMID- 9960733
TI  - Length-scale competition in the damped sine-Gordon chain with spatiotemporal
      periodic driving.

PMID- 9960734
TI  - Anomalous pulse delay in microwave propagation: A plausible connection to the
      tunneling time.

PMID- 9960735
TI  - DNA denaturation as a problem of translational-symmetry restoration.

PMID- 9960736
TI  - Toy model for protein folding.

PMID- 9960737
TI  - Scanning photoemission spectromicroscopy of neurons.

PMID- 9960738
TI  - Asynchronous states in networks of pulse-coupled oscillators.

PMID- 9960739
TI  - Effects of particle shape on electromagnetic torques: A comparison of the
      effective-dipole-moment method with the Maxwell-stress-tensor method.

PMID- 9960740
TI  - Neural network and wavelet transform for scale-invariant data classification.

PMID- 9960741
TI  - Optimal neural networks for protein-structure prediction.

PMID- 9960742
TI  - Theoretical models of energy transfer in two-dimensional molecular assemblies.

PMID- 9960743
TI  - Nonlinear noise reduction: A case study on experimental data.

PMID- 9960744
TI  - Numerical solutions of first-exit-time problems.

PMID- 9960745
TI  - Energy balance for a dissipative system.

PMID- 9960746
TI  - Physical meaning of the time-correlation length obtained in a computer
      simulation.

PMID- 9960747
TI  - Prototype for memory effects in the time evolution of damage.

PMID- 9960748
TI  - Closed-form solution for inverse problems of Fermi systems.

PMID- 9960750
TI  - Effective viscosity in a Levy-walk model for turbulent channel flow.

PMID- 9960749
TI  - Extracting energy and heat from the vacuum.

PMID- 9960751
TI  - Chemical wave front in two dimensions.

PMID- 9960753
TI  - Roughness exponents: A paradox resolved.

PMID- 9960752
TI  - Density profile in convection of water near 4 degreesC.

PMID- 9960754
TI  - Asymptotic crossover in polymer blends.

PMID- 9960755
TI  - Comparison of two free-energy expressions and their implications in surface
      enrichment.

PMID- 9960757
TI  - Stochastic motion of charged particles in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9960756
TI  - Anisotropies in aggregates with biased random walks on two-dimensional lattices.

PMID- 9960758
TI  - Exact solution of an electron kinetic equation for a strongly nonisothermal two
      component plasma.

PMID- 9960759
TI  - Intrinsic linewidth of a free-electron laser with an axial-guide magnetic field.

PMID- 9960760
TI  - Erratum: Microscopic expressions for interfacial bending constants and
      spontaneous curvature

PMID- 9960761
TI  - Erratum: Perturbing Hele-Shaw flow with a small gap gradient

PMID- 9960762
TI  - Deterministic origin of 1/f noise in magnetic resonance.

PMID- 9960763
TI  - Scale invariance of nonconserved quantities in driven systems.

PMID- 9960764
TI  - Computer simulation of the spinodal decomposition for a polydisperse polymer
      mixture.

PMID- 9960765
TI  - Scaling behavior of self-avoiding tethered vesicles.

PMID- 9960767
TI  - Exact solutions for Hele-Shaw flows with surface tension: The Schwarz-function
      approach.

PMID- 9960766
TI  - Random walker and the telegrapher's equation: A paradigm of a generalized
      hydrodynamics.

PMID- 9960768
TI  - Measurement of reflection of traveling waves near the onset of binary-fluid
      convection.

PMID- 9960769
TI  - Coexisting traveling waves and steady rolls in binary-fluid convection.

PMID- 9960770
TI  - Law of space decorrelation for developed hydrodynamic turbulence.

PMID- 9960771
TI  - Bubbles and stripes in dipolar fluids.

PMID- 9960772
TI  - Space-time evolution of a beam-plasma instability in strongly correlated plasmas.

PMID- 9960773
TI  - Experimental relation between particle and energy confinement in reversed-field
      pinches.

PMID- 9960774
TI  - Non-self-similar collapsing solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation at
      the critical dimension.

PMID- 9960776
TI  - Type-I intermittency for the Henon-map family.

PMID- 9960775
TI  - Stationary probability distribution near stable limit cycles far from Hopf
      bifurcation points.

PMID- 9960778
TI  - Geometric mechanism for antimonotonicity in scalar maps with two critical points.

PMID- 9960777
TI  - Quadratic map modulated by additive periodic forcing.

PMID- 9960779
TI  - Self-similar transport in incomplete chaos.

PMID- 9960780
TI  - Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of nonlinear diffusion flux in a nonideal
      electrolyte solution.

PMID- 9960781
TI  - Stochastic model for complex surface-reaction systems with application to NH3
      formation.

PMID- 9960783
TI  - Applicability of Nose isothermal reversible dynamics.

PMID- 9960782
TI  - Nonequilibrium phase transitions in systems with infinitely many absorbing
      states.

PMID- 9960785
TI  - Ising model with isotropic competing interactions in the presence of a field: A
      tricritical-Lifshitz-point realization.

PMID- 9960784
TI  - Competing dynamics in the one-dimensional Blume-Emery-Griffiths model:
      Hydrodynamic equations.

PMID- 9960786
TI  - Noise reduction in chaotic time-series data: A survey of common methods.

PMID- 9960788
TI  - Long-range polarization interaction in simple liquid metals.

PMID- 9960787
TI  - Symmetry breaking and localization in quantum chaotic systems.

PMID- 9960789
TI  - Nonlinear hydrodynamics of a hard-sphere fluid near the glass transition.

PMID- 9960790
TI  - Thermal equilibration near the critical point: Effects due to three dimensions
      and gravity.

PMID- 9960791
TI  - Experimental observation of thermoacoustic turbulence and universal properties at
      the quasiperiodic transition to chaos.

PMID- 9960792
TI  - Generalized compressibility equation for inhomogeneous fluids at equilibrium.

PMID- 9960794
TI  - Specific heats of saturated water vapor and liquid.

PMID- 9960793
TI  - Renormalization group and operator product expansion in turbulence: Shell models.

PMID- 9960795
TI  - Thermodynamic functions for Taylor dispersion.

PMID- 9960797
TI  - Oblique collision of two vortex rings and its acoustic emission.

PMID- 9960796
TI  - Hamiltonian formulation for the motion of vortices in the presence of a free
      surface for ideal flow.

PMID- 9960798
TI  - Phase transitions of a confined complex fluid.

PMID- 9960800
TI  - Phase-field and sharp-interface alloy models.

PMID- 9960799
TI  - Correlation between surface and bulk orientations of liquid crystals on rubbed
      polymer surfaces: Odd-even effects of polymer spacer units.

PMID- 9960801
TI  - Diffusion of a reptating polymer interacting with a random matrix.

PMID- 9960802
TI  - Destruction of a first-order smectic-A-->smectic-C* phase transition by
      dimensional crossover in free-standing films.

PMID- 9960803
TI  - Analytic theory for parity breaking in lamellar eutectic growth.

PMID- 9960804
TI  - Splay-bend curvature and temperature-induced surface transitions in nematic
      liquid crystals.

PMID- 9960805
TI  - Half widths of neutron spectra in dense helium-neon gas mixtures.

PMID- 9960806
TI  - Surface critical exponents of self-avoiding walks on a square lattice with an
      adsorbing linear boundary: A computer simulation study.

PMID- 9960807
TI  - Character of the smectic-A-chiral-smectic-C phase transition near a chiral
      nematic-smectic-A-chiral-smectic-C point.

PMID- 9960808
TI  - Viscosities of concentrated dispersions.

PMID- 9960809
TI  - Dispersion relation around a kink solution in binary fluids undergoing spinodal
      decomposition.

PMID- 9960810
TI  - Reversible flocculation of silica colloids in liquid mixtures.

PMID- 9960812
TI  - Surface molecular anchoring in microconfined liquid crystals near the nematic
      smectic-A transition.

PMID- 9960811
TI  - van der Waals forces in electrorheological fluids.

PMID- 9960813
TI  - Self-consistent-field calculation of structures and static properties of the
      solid-fluid interface: Paraffinlike molecule systems.

PMID- 9960815
TI  - Scaling properties of soft-core parallel spherocylinders near the crystal-smectic
      phase transition.

PMID- 9960814
TI  - Phase-field models for anisotropic interfaces.

PMID- 9960817
TI  - Long-range interactions and the pair-correlation function in dipolar main-chain
      nematic polymers.

PMID- 9960816
TI  - Anomalous crystal growth of a binary chain.

PMID- 9960818
TI  - Stroboscopic microscopy of ferroelectric liquid crystals.

PMID- 9960820
TI  - Dynamic and static correlations in model Coulomb systems.

PMID- 9960819
TI  - Nonlinear-electron-response impact on the evolution of ion-acoustic wave packets
      in a magnetized plasma.

PMID- 9960821
TI  - Modeling of plasma dynamics in x-ray-confining cavities.

PMID- 9960823
TI  - Observation of plasma confinement in picosecond laser-plasma interactions.

PMID- 9960822
TI  - Electron distribution functions in laser-embedded plasmas.

PMID- 9960824
TI  - Melting phenomenon in laser-induced shock waves.

PMID- 9960825
TI  - Anomalous fast recombination in hydrogen plasmas involving rovibrational
      excitation.

PMID- 9960826
TI  - Experimental loss rates due to emission from Ne, Ar, and Xe ions at high plasma
      densities.

PMID- 9960827
TI  - Transport coefficients of quantum plasmas.

PMID- 9960828
TI  - Isotope effect and electron-temperature dependence in volume H- and D- ion
      sources.

PMID- 9960829
TI  - Bound for the pressure integral in a toroidal-plasma equilibrium.

PMID- 9960830
TI  - Nonlinear ion-acoustic waves in a collisional plasma.

PMID- 9960831
TI  - Moments and characteristic function of a nonstationary particle distribution
      after injection.

PMID- 9960832
TI  - Quasi-isochronous storage rings.

PMID- 9960833
TI  - Enhanced acceleration in a self-modulated-laser wake-field accelerator.

PMID- 9960835
TI  - Recursive solution of Maxwell's equations.

PMID- 9960834
TI  - Nonlinear short-pulse propagation in a free-electron laser.

PMID- 9960836
TI  - Instability due to cross-phase modulation in the normal-dispersion regime.

PMID- 9960837
TI  - Harmonic plane waves in a chiral slab.

PMID- 9960838
TI  - Subharmonic steps and inertial effects in a system of two coupled overdamped
      oscillators.

PMID- 9960839
TI  - Metaplectic formulation of linear mode conversion.

PMID- 9960840
TI  - Effects due to geometry and boundary conditions in multiple light scattering.

PMID- 9960841
TI  - Soliton growth-signal transduction in topologically quantized T cells.

PMID- 9960842
TI  - Breaking of replica symmetry in a mean-field model of disordered membranes.

PMID- 9960843
TI  - Vibrational dynamics of wet-spun films of the NaDNA-netropsin complex: A Raman
      and infrared study.

PMID- 9960844
TI  - Vanishing thermal damping of Davydov's solitons.

PMID- 9960845
TI  - Mixture states and storage of biased patterns in Potts-glass neural networks.

PMID- 9960847
TI  - Sequence-structure relationships in proteins and copolymers.

PMID- 9960846
TI  - Master-equation approach to stochastic neurodynamics.

PMID- 9960848
TI  - Stochastic generation of homogeneous isotropic turbulence with well-defined
      spectra.

PMID- 9960850
TI  - Failure of microemulsion models to exhibit a triple line in two dimensions.

PMID- 9960849
TI  - Numerical study of a high-order quasiconserved quantity in the Henon-Heiles
      problem.

PMID- 9960851
TI  - Liquid-crystalline blue phase III and structures of broken icosahedral symmetry.

PMID- 9960853
TI  - Counterexample to some shape equations for axisymmetric vesicles.

PMID- 9960854
TI  - Hydrodynamics of collisional structures in laser-produced plasmas.

PMID- 9960852
TI  - Neutron scattering from polycrystalline ice (Ih): Some keys to understanding the
      collective behavior of liquid water.

PMID- 9960856
TI  - Effect of two-photon absorption on the amplification of ultrashort optical
      pulses.

PMID- 9960855
TI  - Bright-dark solitary-wave solutions of a multidimensional nonlinear Schrodinger
      equation.

PMID- 9960857
TI  - Comment on "Surface-tension-anisotropy measurements of succinonitrile and pivalic
      acid: Comparison with microscopic solvability theory"

PMID- 9960858
TI  - Statistical properties of spatiotemporal dynamical systems.

PMID- 9960861
TI  - Disturbing the random-energy landscape.

PMID- 9960859
TI  - Towards a systematic calculation of the scaling functions for the ordering
      kinetics of nonconserved fields.

PMID- 9960860
TI  - Band-random-matrix model for quantum localization in conservative systems.

PMID- 9960862
TI  - Synchronization of chaotic orbits: The influence of unstable periodic orbits.

PMID- 9960863
TI  - Transmission of signals by synchronization in a chaotic Van der Pol-Duffing
      oscillator.

PMID- 9960864
TI  - Accelerating chemical waves accompanied by traveling hydrodynamic motion and
      surface deformation.

PMID- 9960865
TI  - Gradient flexoelectric effect and thickness dependence of anchoring energy.

PMID- 9960866
TI  - Turbulence due to spiral breakup in a continuous excitable medium.

PMID- 9960868
TI  - Measurement of the persistence length of polymerized actin using fluorescence
      microscopy.

PMID- 9960867
TI  - Experimental measurement of resonance islands induced by rf voltage modulation.

PMID- 9960869
TI  - Driven diffusion of particles, first-passage front, and interface growth.

PMID- 9960870
TI  - Finite-length scaling of collapsing directed walks.

PMID- 9960871
TI  - First-passage times and survival probabilities for particles moving in a field of
      random correlated forces.

PMID- 9960872
TI  - Effective Fokker-Planck equation: Path-integral formalism.

PMID- 9960874
TI  - Unidimensional games, propitious environments, and maximum diversity.

PMID- 9960873
TI  - Two-dimensional sandpile model with stochastic slide.

PMID- 9960875
TI  - Growth kinetics in systems with local symmetry.

PMID- 9960876
TI  - Using chaos to keep period-multiplied systems in phase.

PMID- 9960877
TI  - Kramers problem in periodic potentials: Jump rate and jump lengths.

PMID- 9960878
TI  - Phase ordering in one-dimensional systems with long-range interactions.

PMID- 9960879
TI  - Classification theory for anequilibrium phase transitions.

PMID- 9960881
TI  - Schmitt trigger: A solvable model of stochastic resonance.

PMID- 9960880
TI  - Absolute test for theories of phase-ordering dynamics.

PMID- 9960883
TI  - Finite-size scaling and the crossover to mean-field critical behavior in the two
      dimensional Ising model with medium-ranged interactions.

PMID- 9960882
TI  - Excluded-volume interactions in tethered membranes.

PMID- 9960884
TI  - Logistic map driven by dichotomous noise.

PMID- 9960886
TI  - Lattice-gas analog of density-functional theory: Application to ordering
      transitions.

PMID- 9960885
TI  - Analog study of bifurcation structures in a Van der Pol oscillator with a
      nonlinear restoring force.

PMID- 9960887
TI  - Macroscopic equilibrium from microscopic irreversibility in a chaotic coupled-map
      lattice.

PMID- 9960888
TI  - Real symmetric random matrix ensembles of Hamiltonians with partial symmetry
      breaking.

PMID- 9960890
TI  - Theory of continuum random walks and application to chemotaxis.

PMID- 9960889
TI  - Probability of a tossed coin landing on edge.

PMID- 9960891
TI  - Forbidden bifurcations and parametric amplification in a Josephson-junction
      array.

PMID- 9960892
TI  - Surface-diffusion-driven kinetic growth on one-dimensional substrates.

PMID- 9960893
TI  - Riemann zeros and a fractal potential.

PMID- 9960895
TI  - Time-series expansion for reaction processes.

PMID- 9960894
TI  - Growth in a restricted-curvature model.

PMID- 9960896
TI  - Hard-particle-fluid equation of state and phase transition employing nearest
      neighbor correlations.

PMID- 9960897
TI  - Spinodal decomposition in 3-space.

PMID- 9960898
TI  - Statistical hydrodynamics of lattice-gas automata.

PMID- 9960899
TI  - Coupling between a coherent structure and fine-scale turbulence.

PMID- 9960900
TI  - Interaction of two liquid solitary waves in a trough resonator.

PMID- 9960902
TI  - Effects of disorder in pattern formation.

PMID- 9960901
TI  - Thermal dependence of the characteristic time of a chemical reaction.

PMID- 9960903
TI  - Localized states in a film-dragging experiment.

PMID- 9960905
TI  - Many-body electrostatic interactions in electrorheological fluids.

PMID- 9960904
TI  - Ordering effects in thin smectic-C* films: An x-ray-reflectivity study.

PMID- 9960906
TI  - Static and dynamic collective correlations of polymer brushes.

PMID- 9960907
TI  - Static shear stress of electrorheological fluids.

PMID- 9960909
TI  - Metastable wetting layers.

PMID- 9960908
TI  - Structure and properties of anisotropic gels and plasticized networks containing
      molecules with a smectic-A phase.

PMID- 9960910
TI  - Neutron-scattering evidence for the coupling of shear and reorientational motions
      in the viscoelastic liquid quinoline.

PMID- 9960911
TI  - Stochastic transport in heterogeneous media with multiple families of transport
      paths.

PMID- 9960912
TI  - In situ studies of colloidal aggregation induced by alternating electrical
      fields.

PMID- 9960914
TI  - Layer buckling in smectic-A liquid crystals and two-dimensional stripe phases.

PMID- 9960913
TI  - Conductance measurement in the micellar nematic and lamellar smectic phases of
      the cesium perfluoro octanoate-H2O system at high magnetic fields.

PMID- 9960915
TI  - Sound propagation in suspensions of solid spheres.

PMID- 9960917
TI  - Dynamics of order-parameter and director fluctuations in the nematic phase of a
      lyotropic liquid crystal.

PMID- 9960916
TI  - Angular correlations and the isotropic-nematic phase transition in suspensions of
      tobacco mosaic virus.

PMID- 9960918
TI  - Ordering dynamics of microscopic models with nonconserved order parameter of
      continuous symmetry.

PMID- 9960919
TI  - Dynamic light scattering from a highly swollen nonionic lamellar liquid crystal.

PMID- 9960920
TI  - Helfrich shape equation for axisymmetric vesicles as a first integral.

PMID- 9960921
TI  - Influence of surface interactions on spinodal decomposition.

PMID- 9960922
TI  - Instability and pattern formation in colloidal-suspension Taylor-Couette flow.

PMID- 9960923
TI  - Gaussian field model of fluids with an application to polymeric fluids.

PMID- 9960924
TI  - Simple passivation and depassivation model for pitting corrosion.

PMID- 9960926
TI  - Instability of the overdense plasma boundary induced by the action of a powerful
      photon beam.

PMID- 9960925
TI  - Pulses and global bifurcations in a nonlocal reaction-diffusion system.

PMID- 9960927
TI  - Laser-produced carbon plasma in an ambient gas.

PMID- 9960928
TI  - Plasma effects on atomic reaction rates in hydrogen plasmas.

PMID- 9960929
TI  - Effects of negative ions on nonlinear wave propagation in a magnetized rotating
      plasma.

PMID- 9960931
TI  - Multidimensional modulation of Alfven waves.

PMID- 9960930
TI  - Scalar model for plasma turbulence.

PMID- 9960932
TI  - Eigenfunction for dissipative dynamic operators and the attractor of the
      dissipative structure.

PMID- 9960933
TI  - Nonlinear conductivity and composition of partially ionized plasmas in a strong
      electric field.

PMID- 9960934
TI  - Straggling of an extended charge distribution in a partially degenerate plasma.

PMID- 9960935
TI  - Dielectric response function and stopping power of a two-dimensional electron
      gas.

PMID- 9960936
TI  - Nonlinear Thomson scattering of intense laser pulses from beams and plasmas.

PMID- 9960938
TI  - Spectral properties of two-harmonic undulator radiation.

PMID- 9960937
TI  - Luminosity enhancement by a self-ionized plasma in e+e- collisions.

PMID- 9960939
TI  - Minimizing dispersion in flexible-momentum-compaction lattices.

PMID- 9960940
TI  - Internal dynamics of a vector soliton in a nonlinear optical fiber.

PMID- 9960941
TI  - Exact N-soliton solution of the modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation.

PMID- 9960942
TI  - Electromagnetism in a moving chiral medium.

PMID- 9960943
TI  - Symmetry analysis of the Infeld-Rowlands equation.

PMID- 9960945
TI  - Peierls-Nabarro potential barrier for highly localized nonlinear modes.

PMID- 9960944
TI  - Autoresonant interaction of three nonlinear adiabatic oscillators.

PMID- 9960946
TI  - Grain-boundary buckling and spin-glass models of disorder in membranes.

PMID- 9960947
TI  - Self-consistent-field treatment of the dissociation of bound molecules in
      solution.

PMID- 9960948
TI  - Theoretical study of the effect of salt and the role of strained hydrogen bonds
      on the thermal stability of DNA polymers.

PMID- 9960950
TI  - Nonaxisymmetric vesicle shapes in a generalized bilayer-couple model and the
      transition between oblate and prolate axisymmetric shapes.

PMID- 9960949
TI  - Simulating an exploration of RNA conformation space with an appropriate parallel
      updating strategy.

PMID- 9960952
TI  - Paraxial wave-optics simulation of x-ray lasers.

PMID- 9960951
TI  - Theory of dendritic morphology.

PMID- 9960953
TI  - Wake-field accelerator in a ferromagnetic waveguide.

PMID- 9960954
TI  - Using nonlinear saturated feedback to control chaos: The Henon map.

PMID- 9960955
TI  - Phase-transition study of a one-dimensional probabilistic site-exchange cellular
      automaton.

PMID- 9960956
TI  - Refractive index of waterlike fluids.

PMID- 9960957
TI  - Concentration fluctuation in a polymer mixture.

PMID- 9960958
TI  - Relation of growth and equilibrium crystal shapes.

PMID- 9960959
TI  - Depolarization of light by an imperfect polarizer.

PMID- 9960960
TI  - Comment on "Unified expression for Fermi and Bose distributions"

PMID- 9960961
TI  - Melnikov function and homoclinic chaos induced by weak perturbations.

PMID- 9960962
TI  - Reply to "Melnikov function and homoclinic chaos induced by weak perturbations"

PMID- 9960964
TI  - Comment II on "Possible experiment to check the reality of a nonequilibrium
      temperature"

PMID- 9960963
TI  - Comment I on "Possible experiment to check the reality of a nonequilibrium
      temperature"

PMID- 9960966
TI  - Erratum: Bulk and interfacial properties of polar and molecular fluids

PMID- 9960965
TI  - Reply to "Comments on 'Possible experiment to check the reality of a
      nonequilibrium temperature' "

PMID- 9960968
TI  - Scaling properties of trough densities in sandpile models.

PMID- 9960967
TI  - Magnetization direction in the Heisenberg model exhibiting fractional Brownian
      motion.

PMID- 9960969
TI  - Cluster effect in initially homogeneous traffic flow.

PMID- 9960970
TI  - Staircase polygons and recurrent lattice walks.

PMID- 9960971
TI  - Renormalization-group approach to simple reaction-diffusion phenomena.

PMID- 9960972
TI  - S-matrix fluctuations in a model with classical diffusion and quantum
      localization.

PMID- 9960973
TI  - Internal fluctuations in a model of chemical chaos.

PMID- 9960974
TI  - Observation of chain stretching in Langmuir diblock copolymer monolayers.

PMID- 9960975
TI  - Depolarized dynamic light scattering from optically anisotropic reaction-limited
      aggregates.

PMID- 9960976
TI  - Composition waves in confined geometries.

PMID- 9960978
TI  - Director-charge coupling in a ferroelectric liquid crystal: Experiment.

PMID- 9960977
TI  - Nematic liquid crystal in a tube: The Freedericksz transition.

PMID- 9960979
TI  - Growth of three-dimensional silver fractal electrodeposits under damped free
      convection.

PMID- 9960980
TI  - Efficient generation of highly ionized calcium and titanium plasma columns for
      collisionally excited soft-x-ray lasers in a fast capillary discharge.

PMID- 9960981
TI  - Spatiotemporal correlation of colored noise.

PMID- 9960982
TI  - Activated decay rate: Finite-barrier corrections.

PMID- 9960983
TI  - Suppression of chaos in weakly coupled diode resonators.

PMID- 9960984
TI  - Jamming transition in the traffic-flow model with two-level crossings.

PMID- 9960985
TI  - Wave propagation in an excitable medium along a line of a velocity jump.

PMID- 9960986
TI  - Chaotic trapping phenomena in extended systems.

PMID- 9960988
TI  - Polymer chain in a random array of topological obstacles: Classification and
      statistics of complex loops.

PMID- 9960987
TI  - Rate equation of the A+A-->A reaction with probability of reaction and diffusion.

PMID- 9960989
TI  - First-order phase transitions, the Maxwell construction, and the momentum-space
      renormalization group.

PMID- 9960991
TI  - Nonlinear dynamics of the cellular-automaton "game of Life"

PMID- 9960990
TI  - Equivalent-circuit, scaling, random-walk simulation, and an experimental study of
      self-similar fractal electrodes and interfaces.

PMID- 9960992
TI  - Thermodynamic properties of a one-dimensional system of charged bosons.

PMID- 9960993
TI  - Sandpile models with and without an underlying spatial structure.

PMID- 9960994
TI  - Systematic nonperturbative approach for thermal averages in quantum many-body
      systems: The thermal-cluster-cumulant method.

PMID- 9960995
TI  - Analytic and numerical study of stochastic resonance.

PMID- 9960996
TI  - Hadronic intermittency and chaotic motion in rapidity space.

PMID- 9960998
TI  - Competition of local exponents and the fractal structure of chaotic attractors.

PMID- 9960997
TI  - Fractal random processes with iterated logarithmic tails: A generalization of the
      Shlesinger-Hughes stochastic renormalization approach.

PMID- 9960999
TI  - Chaotic billiards with neutral boundaries.

PMID- 9961000
TI  - Nested strange attractors in spatiotemporal chaotic systems.

PMID- 9961001
TI  - Reunion and survival of interacting walkers.

PMID- 9961002
TI  - Fluctuations in solidification.

PMID- 9961003
TI  - Finite-size scaling in the complex temperature plane applied to the three
      dimensional Ising model.

PMID- 9961004
TI  - Structure of a Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction interface.

PMID- 9961005
TI  - Clustering and slow switching in globally coupled phase oscillators.

PMID- 9961006
TI  - Efficient determination of the nonlinear Burnett coefficients.

PMID- 9961007
TI  - Directed polymers with random interaction: An exactly solvable case.

PMID- 9961008
TI  - Nonlinear response of a periodically driven damped two-state system.

PMID- 9961009
TI  - Transport of a quantum particle in a dimer under the influence of two correlated
      dichotomic colored noises.

PMID- 9961010
TI  - Classical and quantum chaos of the wedge billiard. I. Classical mechanics.

PMID- 9961011
TI  - Classical and quantum chaos of the wedge billiard. II. Quantum mechanics and
      quantization rules.

PMID- 9961012
TI  - Diffusion on deterministic and quasirandom models of diffusion-limited
      aggregates. I. Isotropic diffusion.

PMID- 9961013
TI  - Diffusion on deterministic and quasirandom models of diffusion-limited
      aggregates. II. Anisotropic diffusion.

PMID- 9961014
TI  - Abnormal temperature-dependent variation in sound velocity for the molecular
      liquids benzene and hexafluorobenzene.

PMID- 9961015
TI  - Transitions in the kinetics and steady states of irreversible A+BC surface
      reaction models.

PMID- 9961016
TI  - Thermal conductivity of a dilute gas in a thermostated shear-flow state.

PMID- 9961017
TI  - Diffusion in equilibrium mixtures of ionized gases.

PMID- 9961018
TI  - Asymptotic analysis of primitive model electrolytes and the electrical double
      layer.

PMID- 9961020
TI  - Relative importance of convection and diffusion in binary liquid systems subject
      to small horizontal temperature gradients.

PMID- 9961019
TI  - Phase and amplitude instabilities for Benard-Marangoni convection in fluid layers
      with large aspect ratio.

PMID- 9961021
TI  - Symmetric truncations of the shallow-water equations.

PMID- 9961022
TI  - Collapse transition of self-avoiding walks on a square lattice in the bulk and
      near a linear wall: The universality classes of the theta and theta ' points.

PMID- 9961023
TI  - Raman scattering and water structure in nonionic amphiphile solutions.

PMID- 9961024
TI  - Polaron theory of positron annihilation in xenon.

PMID- 9961025
TI  - Dynamical theory of concentration fluctuations in polymer solutions under shear.

PMID- 9961026
TI  - Structures of inorganic polymers in sol-gel processes based on titanium oxide.

PMID- 9961027
TI  - Monte Carlo study of phase separation in critical polymer blends.

PMID- 9961029
TI  - Internal distances in short polyelectrolytes: A Monte Carlo study.

PMID- 9961028
TI  - Dynamics of near-critical polymer gels.

PMID- 9961030
TI  - Ferroelectric phases of dipolar hard spheres.

PMID- 9961031
TI  - Thermal and structural properties of the liquid-vapor interface in dipolar
      fluids.

PMID- 9961032
TI  - Thermodynamic perturbation theory: Sticky chains and square-well chains.

PMID- 9961033
TI  - Density fluctuations during crystallization of colloids.

PMID- 9961034
TI  - Simulations of shear-induced melting and ordering.

PMID- 9961036
TI  - Spinodal of liquid water.

PMID- 9961035
TI  - Freezing of adhesive hard spheres.

PMID- 9961037
TI  - Electric-field-induced change of the order parameter in a nematic liquid crystal.

PMID- 9961038
TI  - Electric-field-induced isotropic-nematic phase transition.

PMID- 9961039
TI  - Pattern formation in noise-reduced electrochemical deposition.

PMID- 9961041
TI  - Dissipation, geometry, and the stability of the dense radial morphology.

PMID- 9961040
TI  - Evolution of the space-charge layer during electrochemical deposition with
      convection.

PMID- 9961042
TI  - Effect of resistivity on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in an accelerated
      plasma.

PMID- 9961045
TI  - Fokker-Planck solution for the spherical symmetry of the electron distribution
      function of a fully ionized plasma.

PMID- 9961043
TI  - Relative intensities of 3p-3s transitions in neonlike Ar IX.

PMID- 9961044
TI  - Numerical results on photon redistribution and Bose condensation in strongly
      magnetized plasmas.

PMID- 9961046
TI  - Enhanced Z pinch using an externally applied magnetic field to stabilize the
      implosion of an aluminum plasma jet onto a coaxial wire.

PMID- 9961047
TI  - Ion broadening of dense-plasma spectral lines including field-dependent atomic
      physics and the ion quadrupole interaction.

PMID- 9961049
TI  - Coupled-mode theory of Langmuir space-charge waves for general electron-beam and
      waveguide cross sections.

PMID- 9961048
TI  - Moment analysis of rf parallel-plate-discharge simulations using the particle-in
      cell with Monte Carlo collisions technique.

PMID- 9961050
TI  - Collective effects due to charge-fluctuation dynamics in a dusty plasma.

PMID- 9961051
TI  - Relativistic-configuration-interaction calculations of K alpha satellite
      properties for aluminum plasmas created by intense proton beams.

PMID- 9961052
TI  - Explicitly integrable polynomial Hamiltonians and evaluation of Lie
      transformations.

PMID- 9961053
TI  - Dynamics of the equilibrium electrons in a helical-wiggler free-electron laser
      with reversed guide field.

PMID- 9961054
TI  - Electron trajectories in a free-electron laser with a reversed axial guide field.

PMID- 9961055
TI  - Strong-strong simulation on the beam-beam effect in a linac-ring B factory.

PMID- 9961056
TI  - Darker-than-black solitons: Dark solitons with total phase shift greater than pi.

PMID- 9961057
TI  - Bouncing ball with a finite restitution: Chattering, locking, and chaos.

PMID- 9961059
TI  - Instantaneous action-at-a-distance representation of field theories.

PMID- 9961058
TI  - Variational approach to bistable solitary waves of the first kind in d
      dimensions.

PMID- 9961061
TI  - Interaction time of Korteweg-de Vries solitons.

PMID- 9961060
TI  - Solitary waves in a class of generalized Korteweg-de Vries equations.

PMID- 9961062
TI  - Transport properties of solitons.

PMID- 9961063
TI  - Wave interaction with a fractal layer.

PMID- 9961064
TI  - Amplification of coherent polar vibrations in biopolymers: Frohlich condensate.

PMID- 9961065
TI  - Neural networks with high-order connections.

PMID- 9961066
TI  - Fluid simulations of tokamak turbulence in quasiballooning coordinates.

PMID- 9961068
TI  - Repeller neural networks.

PMID- 9961067
TI  - Cluster method for the Ashkin-Teller model.

PMID- 9961069
TI  - Mean-field theory of sandpile avalanches: From the intermittent- to the
      continuous-flow regime.

PMID- 9961070
TI  - Vacancy effects on the force distribution in a two-dimensional granular pile.

PMID- 9961071
TI  - Determination of the dynamic critical exponent by quench kinetics simulations.

PMID- 9961072
TI  - Experimental determination of Ginzburg-Landau parameters for reaction-diffusion
      systems.

PMID- 9961073
TI  - Anisotropic thermal conductivity of a fluid in a system of microscopic slit
      pores.

PMID- 9961074
TI  - Phase diagrams for the blue phases of highly chiral liquid crystals.

PMID- 9961075
TI  - Rotational invariance and the theory of directed nematic polymers.

PMID- 9961076
TI  - Asymmetric cell in directional solidification.

PMID- 9961077
TI  - Resistive-ballooning-mode characteristics in the tokamak edge region.

PMID- 9961078
TI  - Direct evidence of departure from local thermodynamic equilibrium in a free
      burning arc-discharge plasma.

PMID- 9961079
TI  - Strongly localized gap solitons in diatomic lattices.

PMID- 9961080
TI  - Creation of nonlinear localized modes in discrete lattices.

PMID- 9961082
TI  - Comment on "Electric fields from steady currents and unexplained electromagnetic
      experiments"

PMID- 9961081
TI  - Nonlinear lattices and gap solitons.

PMID- 9961083
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Electric fields from steady currents and unexplained
      electromagnetic experiments' "

PMID- 9961084
TI  - Comment on "Hitting probabilities of diffusion-limited-aggregation clusters"

PMID- 9961085
TI  - Erratum: Consistent integral equations for two- and three-body-force models:
      Application to a model of silicon

PMID- 9961086
TI  - Saddle-point bifurcation and onset of large-scale stochasticity in 1.5-degree-of
      freedom Hamiltonian systems.

PMID- 9961087
TI  - Theory of the one-dimensional forest-fire model.

PMID- 9961088
TI  - Scaling functions and scaling exponents in turbulence.

PMID- 9961089
TI  - Exact integer algorithm for the two-dimensional +/-J Ising spin glass.

PMID- 9961090
TI  - Fokker-Planck approach to quantum transport statistics: Calculation of limiting
      probability distributions.

PMID- 9961091
TI  - Exact solution of "hot dimer" adsorption in one-dimensional lattices.

PMID- 9961093
TI  - Thermal convection in a planar nematic liquid crystal with a stabilizing magnetic
      field.

PMID- 9961092
TI  - Mechanism of the electric-field-induced vortex drift in excitable media.

PMID- 9961095
TI  - Core structure of a screw disclination in smectic-A liquid crystals.

PMID- 9961094
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of a coupled XY model.

PMID- 9961097
TI  - Relativistic solitary wave in an electron-positron plasma.

PMID- 9961096
TI  - Wave-breaking limit to the wake-field effect in an underdense plasma.

PMID- 9961098
TI  - Dynamic desynchronization of a free-electron laser resonator.

PMID- 9961100
TI  - Fast O(N) box-counting algorithm for estimating dimensions.

PMID- 9961099
TI  - Stochastic electronic motion and high-efficiency free-electron lasers.

PMID- 9961101
TI  - Chaos in Liouville's equation.

PMID- 9961102
TI  - Kinetic-Ising-model description of Newtonian dynamics: A one-dimensional example.

PMID- 9961103
TI  - Phase equilibria and transformations in adiabatic systems.

PMID- 9961104
TI  - Gravity in one dimension: The critical population.

PMID- 9961105
TI  - Phase-ordering kinetics in nonconserved scalar systems with long-range
      interactions.

PMID- 9961107
TI  - Coordination models of random sequential adsorption in one and two dimensions.

PMID- 9961106
TI  - Kinetic equation for classical particles obeying an exclusion principle.

PMID- 9961108
TI  - Negative Poisson ratio in two-dimensional networks under tension.

PMID- 9961109
TI  - Statistical mechanics of kinks in 1+1 dimensions: Numerical simulations and
      double-Gaussian approximation.

PMID- 9961110
TI  - Horseshoe implications.

PMID- 9961111
TI  - Exact solution of a phase-separation model with conserved-order-parameter
      dynamics and arbitrary initial concentration.

PMID- 9961112
TI  - Harmonic oscillators driven by colored noise: Crossovers, resonances, and
      spectra.

PMID- 9961113
TI  - Analytic computation of the strong stochasticity threshold in Hamiltonian
      dynamics using Riemannian geometry.

PMID- 9961114
TI  - Unpredictability of symmetry breaking in a phase transition.

PMID- 9961116
TI  - Melting of square crystals in two dimensions.

PMID- 9961115
TI  - Energy diffusion in a chaotic adiabatic billiard gas.

PMID- 9961117
TI  - Visualizing the collective motions responsible for the alpha and beta relaxations
      in a model glass.

PMID- 9961118
TI  - Kinetic lattice-gas model of cage effects in high-density liquids and a test of
      mode-coupling theory of the ideal-glass transition.

PMID- 9961119
TI  - Onset of convection for autocatalytic reaction fronts in a vertical slab.

PMID- 9961120
TI  - Renormalization-group estimates of transport coefficients in the advection of a
      passive scalar by incompressible turbulence.

PMID- 9961121
TI  - Convection near threshold for Prandtl numbers near 1.

PMID- 9961122
TI  - Spatiotemporal structure of hydrothermal waves in Marangoni convection.

PMID- 9961123
TI  - Traveling-wave solutions to thin-film equations.

PMID- 9961124
TI  - Traveling waves in a fluid layer subjected to a horizontal temperature gradient.

PMID- 9961126
TI  - Taylor vortex formation in axial through-flow: Linear and weakly nonlinear
      analysis.

PMID- 9961125
TI  - Nonaxisymmetric patterns in the Saffman-Taylor problem and in three-dimensional
      directional solidification at low velocity.

PMID- 9961127
TI  - Pretransitional orientational ordering of rigid-rod polymers in shear flow.

PMID- 9961128
TI  - Oscillatory zoning in crystal growth: A constitutional undercooling mechanism.

PMID- 9961129
TI  - Monte Carlo studies of grain growth on curved surfaces.

PMID- 9961130
TI  - Optical- and x-ray-scattering studies of ionic ferrofluids of MnFe2O4, gamma 
      Fe2O3, and CoFe2O4.

PMID- 9961131
TI  - Coarse-graining procedure to generate and analyze heterogeneous materials:
      Theory.

PMID- 9961132
TI  - Light-scattering studies in cross-linked gels: Evidence of a microphase
      separation.

PMID- 9961133
TI  - Amplitude equations for the electrohydrodynamic instability in nematic liquid
      crystals.

PMID- 9961134
TI  - Gauge theory for discotic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9961135
TI  - Phase transitions in solutions of variably ionizable particles.

PMID- 9961136
TI  - Effective microscopic model for the dynamics of spreading.

PMID- 9961137
TI  - Anchoring of nematic liquid crystals on mica in the presence of volatile
      molecules.

PMID- 9961138
TI  - Structural investigation of gaseous, liquid, and solid Br2 by x-ray absorption.

PMID- 9961139
TI  - Cross-property relations and permeability estimation in model porous media.

PMID- 9961140
TI  - Early-time regime for interfacial instabilities in a kinetic Ising model.

PMID- 9961141
TI  - Sticky hard spheres beyond the Percus-Yevick approximation.

PMID- 9961142
TI  - Phase diagram for amorphous solid water.

PMID- 9961143
TI  - Buckling instabilities of a confined colloid crystal layer.

PMID- 9961144
TI  - Monte Carlo study of block copolymer adsorption from dilute solutions.

PMID- 9961145
TI  - Structure and rheology of semidilute suspension under shear.

PMID- 9961146
TI  - Cyclotron-maser experiments in a periodic waveguide.

PMID- 9961147
TI  - Modulational instability of ion-acoustic waves in a plasma with negative ions.

PMID- 9961149
TI  - Positive and negative absorption by a plasma in an intense laser field.

PMID- 9961148
TI  - X-ray-line polarization spectroscopy in laser-produced plasmas.

PMID- 9961150
TI  - Center-manifold theory for low-frequency excitations in magnetized plasmas.

PMID- 9961151
TI  - Coherent transition radiation at submillimeter and millimeter wavelengths.

PMID- 9961152
TI  - Experimental determination of the Hamiltonian for synchrotron motion with rf
      phase modulation.

PMID- 9961153
TI  - Synchrobetatron-coupling effects in alternating-phase-focusing linacs.

PMID- 9961155
TI  - Stability of the soliton states in a nonlinear fiber coupler.

PMID- 9961154
TI  - Inverse-scattering approach to femtosecond solitons in monomode optical fibers.

PMID- 9961156
TI  - Determination of the statistical distribution of electromagnetic-field amplitudes
      in complex cavities.

PMID- 9961157
TI  - Field-factor formalism for the study of the tensorial symmetry of four-wave
      nonlinear optical parametric interactions in uniaxial and biaxial crystals.

PMID- 9961158
TI  - Stability exponents for smooth, recursive dynamical systems.

PMID- 9961159
TI  - Graphical and WKB analysis of nonuniform Bragg gratings.

PMID- 9961160
TI  - Discreteness effects on the formation and propagation of breathers in nonlinear
      Klein-Gordon equations.

PMID- 9961162
TI  - Chaotic and phase-locked breather dynamics in the damped and parametrically
      driven sine-Gordon equation.

PMID- 9961161
TI  - Dynamic phases in a spring-block system.

PMID- 9961163
TI  - Pattern formation in Dictyostelium via the dynamics of cooperative biological
      entities.

PMID- 9961164
TI  - Generalization in a two-layer neural network.

PMID- 9961165
TI  - Dynamics of globally coupled inhibitory neurons with heterogeneity.

PMID- 9961166
TI  - Rayleigh waves for a discrete elastic paraxial equation.

PMID- 9961167
TI  - Initial and boundary conditions for the lattice Boltzmann method.

PMID- 9961168
TI  - One-parameter family of soliton solutions with compact support in a class of
      generalized Korteweg-de Vries equations.

PMID- 9961169
TI  - Noise-induced sensitivity to the initial conditions in stochastic dynamical
      systems.

PMID- 9961170
TI  - Transport on the percolation backbone.

PMID- 9961172
TI  - Absorption of high-contrast 12-ps uv laser pulses by solid targets.

PMID- 9961171
TI  - Coexistence of hyperbolic and nonhyperbolic chaotic scattering.

PMID- 9961173
TI  - Nonlinear surface waves on a plasma sphere in an external electric field.

PMID- 9961175
TI  - Nonequilibrium lattice models: A case with effective Hamiltonian in d dimensions.

PMID- 9961174
TI  - Erratum: Dendritic sidebranching with periodic localized perturbations:
      Directional solidification of pivalic acid-coumarin 152 mixtures

PMID- 9961177
TI  - Parametrizations for Daubechies wavelets.

PMID- 9961176
TI  - Degenerate routes to chaos.

PMID- 9961179
TI  - Coexistence of morphologies in diffusive patterning.

PMID- 9961178
TI  - Quantum versus classical control of tunneling.

PMID- 9961180
TI  - Prototypes of attractors in four dimensions.

PMID- 9961181
TI  - Phase transitions in two-dimensional traffic-flow models.

PMID- 9961182
TI  - Generic behavior in linear systems with multiplicative noise.

PMID- 9961184
TI  - Arbitrary-width confined states of traveling-wave convection: Pinning, locking,
      drift, and stability.

PMID- 9961183
TI  - Exact renormalization-group approach to the generating function of the Vicsek
      fractal.

PMID- 9961186
TI  - Two-stage collapse of a polymer chain in two dimensions.

PMID- 9961185
TI  - Chaotic Turing-Hopf mixed mode.

PMID- 9961187
TI  - Two-dimensional Landau-de Gennes dynamical model for the unwinding transition of
      a cholesteric liquid crystal.

PMID- 9961188
TI  - Vesicle adsorption on a plane: Scaling regimes and crossover phenomena.

PMID- 9961189
TI  - Theory of diffusion-limited growth.

PMID- 9961191
TI  - Bounded cascade models as nonstationary multifractals.

PMID- 9961190
TI  - Bit-level correlations in some pseudorandom number generators.

PMID- 9961193
TI  - Two-dimensional quantum spin Hamiltonians: Spectral properties.

PMID- 9961192
TI  - Quantum modifications of classical diffusion in coordinate space for chaotic
      systems.

PMID- 9961194
TI  - Critical dimensionalities of phase transitions on fractals.

PMID- 9961196
TI  - Temperature as a bifurcation parameter in nonlinear electronic circuits.

PMID- 9961195
TI  - Self-organized criticality in computer models of settling powders.

PMID- 9961197
TI  - Some properties of invariant random-matrix ensembles and their connection to
      ergodic and nonergodic Hamiltonian systems.

PMID- 9961198
TI  - Kinetic super-roughening and anomalous dynamic scaling in nonequilibrium growth
      models.

PMID- 9961199
TI  - Maximum-likelihood estimation of the entropy of an attractor.

PMID- 9961201
TI  - Two-temperature kinetic Ising model in one dimension: Steady-state correlations
      in terms of energy and energy flux.

PMID- 9961200
TI  - Statistical properties of chaotic scattering with one open channel.

PMID- 9961203
TI  - Loci of limit cycles.

PMID- 9961202
TI  - Quantum dynamics as a stochastic process.
AB  - The quantum Liouville equation is solved in the Wigner representation using
      generalized Monte Carlo techniques.  For small increments of time, the solution
      is represented as a sequential classical evolution in phase space followed by a
      quantum "jump" distribution in momentum space, with the latter simulated via a
      stochastic method.  Extending the work initiated by John and Remler [Ann Phys.
      (N.Y.) 180, 152 (1987)] the technique is developed and validated for higher
      dimensions.  Also, an alternative algorithm is developed and applied to study
      motion of a quantum system in an anharmonic quartic potential well, with
      significantly improved results.

PMID- 9961204
TI  - Secondary instabilities in the stabilized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation.

PMID- 9961205
TI  - Pattern-formation characteristics of interacting kinematic waves.

PMID- 9961206
TI  - Statistical closure and the logistic map.

PMID- 9961207
TI  - Multiscaling behavior in the crossover between surface and bulk critical
      exponents for percolation in two dimensions.

PMID- 9961208
TI  - Delay-induced instabilities in nonlinear feedback systems.

PMID- 9961209
TI  - Stabilization of quasiperiodic orbits for line-coupled diode resonator systems.

PMID- 9961210
TI  - Weak non-self-averaging behavior for diffusion in a trapping environment.

PMID- 9961211
TI  - Quasilattice of fixed points of the fivefold stochastic web map.

PMID- 9961213
TI  - Escape rates in bistable systems induced by quasimonochromatic noise.

PMID- 9961212
TI  - Pinning in phase-separating systems.

PMID- 9961214
TI  - Long-range correlations in diffusive systems away from equilibrium.

PMID- 9961215
TI  - Tunneling and the onset of chaos in a driven bistable system.

PMID- 9961216
TI  - Density waves in the flows of granular media.

PMID- 9961217
TI  - Anisotropic polydomain structure in a driven lattice gas with repulsive
      interaction.

PMID- 9961218
TI  - Adsorption of line segments on a square lattice.

PMID- 9961219
TI  - Synchronization of chaos using proportional feedback.

PMID- 9961220
TI  - Suppression of chaos by nonresonant parametric perturbations.

PMID- 9961221
TI  - Transition from Poissonian to Gaussian-orthogonal-ensemble level statistics in a
      modified Artin's billiard.

PMID- 9961222
TI  - Fluctuations in radioactive decays. I. Nonequilibrium effects and noise.

PMID- 9961223
TI  - Fluctuations in radioactive decays. II. Experimental results.

PMID- 9961225
TI  - Transverse-current autocorrelation-function calculations of the shear viscosity
      for molecular liquids.

PMID- 9961224
TI  - Relaxation dynamics of hot protons in a thermal bath of atomic hydrogen.

PMID- 9961226
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of the Boltzmann equation for steady Fourier flow.

PMID- 9961227
TI  - Self-consistent solution for the generalized hydrodynamics model of suspension
      dynamics: Comparison of theory with rheological and optical measurements.

PMID- 9961228
TI  - Exploring the influence of three-body classical dispersion forces on phase
      equilibria of simple fluids: An integral-equation approach.

PMID- 9961229
TI  - Mathematical model for laser ablation to generate nanoscale and submicrometer
      size particles.

PMID- 9961230
TI  - Non-Newtonian effects on immiscible viscous fingering in a radial Hele-Shaw cell.

PMID- 9961231
TI  - Phonons in liquids, Onsager's reciprocal relations, and the heats of transport.

PMID- 9961232
TI  - Stability of a planar flame front in the slow-combustion regime.

PMID- 9961233
TI  - Quantitative experimental study of the free decay of quasi-two-dimensional
      turbulence.

PMID- 9961234
TI  - Measurement of a short-wavelength instability in Taylor vortex flow.

PMID- 9961235
TI  - Robustness of vortex streets.

PMID- 9961236
TI  - Mean-field theories of random advection.

PMID- 9961238
TI  - Monte Carlo study of interfacial properties in an amphiphilic system.

PMID- 9961237
TI  - Spatially uniform traveling cellular patterns at a driven interface.

PMID- 9961239
TI  - Molecular theory of elastic constants of liquid crystals. II. Application to the
      biaxial nematic phase.

PMID- 9961240
TI  - Pair-correlation function in two-dimensional lattice gases.

PMID- 9961241
TI  - Anisotropy in Langmuir monolayers supported by flowing water.

PMID- 9961243
TI  - Mass diffusion of diatomic fluids in random micropore spaces using equilibrium
      molecular dynamics.

PMID- 9961242
TI  - Phase separation in binary mixtures confined in a strip geometry.

PMID- 9961244
TI  - Director fluctuations and anisotropic reorientation of a liquid crystal: A
      deuterium NMR study.

PMID- 9961245
TI  - Thermal conductivity of the nematic liquid crystal 4-n-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl.

PMID- 9961246
TI  - Mesoscopic physics of swollen polymer networks: Statics and dynamics.

PMID- 9961247
TI  - Structure and shape of nematic liquid-crystal microdroplets.

PMID- 9961248
TI  - Screening effect and phase transitions in solutions of rodlike dipoles.

PMID- 9961249
TI  - Self-consistent-field calculation of the structure of the static properties of
      the solid-fluid interface: The monomer systems.

PMID- 9961250
TI  - Computation of the water density distribution at the ice-water interface using
      the potentials-of-mean-force expansion.

PMID- 9961251
TI  - Dynamic simulations of shear-flow-induced chirality and twisted-texture
      transitions of a liquid-crystalline polymer.

PMID- 9961253
TI  - Critical-noise measurement near Freedericksz transitions in nematic liquid
      crytals.

PMID- 9961252
TI  - Monte Carlo study of the effect of an applied field on the molecular organization
      of polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal droplets.

PMID- 9961254
TI  - Anchoring properties of lyotropic liquid crystals near the nematic-isotropic
      transition.

PMID- 9961255
TI  - Test of the bounds on the crossover exponent for polymer adsorption on fractals.

PMID- 9961256
TI  - Nucleation and growth with periodic modulation: Asymptotic versus exact results.

PMID- 9961258
TI  - Production of large O-containing neutral hydrocarbon species by a CH4-O2
      microwave discharge.

PMID- 9961257
TI  - Morphology of Ge:Al thin films: Experiments and model.

PMID- 9961259
TI  - Electron-ion relaxation in a plasma interacting with an intense laser field.

PMID- 9961260
TI  - Variational approach to approximate propagation of Gaussian pulses in a Langmuir
      plasma.

PMID- 9961261
TI  - Short-pulse terahertz radiation from high-intensity-laser-produced plasmas.

PMID- 9961263
TI  - Ion- and electron-temperature fluctuations excited by resistive instabilities in
      a self-consistently stationary inhomogeneous plasma.

PMID- 9961262
TI  - Langevin approach to collisional bremsstrahlung in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9961264
TI  - Negative-energy perturbations in general and in arbitrary one-dimensional Vlasov
      Maxwell equilibria.

PMID- 9961265
TI  - Collision operators for partially linearized particle simulation codes.

PMID- 9961266
TI  - Construction of symplectic maps for nonlinear motion of particles in
      accelerators.

PMID- 9961267
TI  - Net electron acceleration by a strong laser field and a rf wave.

PMID- 9961268
TI  - Three-dimensional theory of an ion-ripple laser.

PMID- 9961269
TI  - From the beam-envelope matrix to synchrotron-radiation integrals.

PMID- 9961270
TI  - Electron trajectories in a helical free-electron laser with an axial guide field.

PMID- 9961271
TI  - Coherent transition radiation in the far-infrared region.

PMID- 9961272
TI  - Trapped electromagnetic modes in a waveguide with a small discontinuity.

PMID- 9961273
TI  - Spectral behavior of high-power Compton free-electron lasers. I. Broadening and
      asymptotic equilibrium.

PMID- 9961274
TI  - Spectral behavior of high-power Compton free-electron lasers. II. Effect of
      filtering and tapering on sideband generation.

PMID- 9961276
TI  - Integrability and localized excitations in nonlinear discrete systems.

PMID- 9961275
TI  - Generation of envelope and hole solitons in an experimental transmission line.

PMID- 9961277
TI  - Structural information in the local electric field of dissolved B-DNA.

PMID- 9961279
TI  - Near-neighbor effects in cooperative modified self-consistent phonon
      approximation melting in DNA.

PMID- 9961278
TI  - Knotting and supercoiling in circular DNA: A model incorporating the effect of
      added salt.

PMID- 9961280
TI  - Winding-number effect in path-integral simulations.

PMID- 9961281
TI  - Noninterferometric reconstruction of optical-field correlations.

PMID- 9961283
TI  - Roughening interfaces in the dynamics of perturbations of spatiotemporal chaos.

PMID- 9961282
TI  - Continuous approximation of a random walk.

PMID- 9961284
TI  - Effects of the relative scales between particles added and toppled each time on
      the distribution of avalanche size in Abelian sandpiles.

PMID- 9961285
TI  - Derivation of the modified diffusion equations in a gas mixture.

PMID- 9961286
TI  - Computer-simulation study of the interface between graphite and hydrocarbon
      mixtures: Preferential adsorption and dynamics.

PMID- 9961287
TI  - Jumping droplets.

PMID- 9961288
TI  - Nematic-cholesteric mixture in a magnetic field: A change in the critical
      behavior.

PMID- 9961289
TI  - Multidiffusion in critical dynamics of strings and membranes.

PMID- 9961290
TI  - Calculation of a surface-induced polar effect in nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9961292
TI  - Stationary convection in a plasma of inhomogeneous density.

PMID- 9961291
TI  - Effects of nonequilibrium plasmas on atomic reaction rates.

PMID- 9961293
TI  - Erratum: Phenomenological approach to the problem of the K13 surfacelike elastic
      term in the free energy of a nematic liquid crystal

PMID- 9961295
TI  - Phase representation and its application in the analytical treatment of the
      theoretical sandpile.

PMID- 9961294
TI  - Periodic orbit analysis of billiard level dynamics.

PMID- 9961296
TI  - Probability distribution for a multifractal field.

PMID- 9961297
TI  - Signatures of chaos in quantum billiards: Microwave experiments.

PMID- 9961298
TI  - Static parametric fluctuations give nonstatistical behavior in uncoupled chaotic
      systems.

PMID- 9961299
TI  - Lorentz transformations in bifurcating systems.

PMID- 9961300
TI  - Nonequilibrium density profiles of deposition-evaporation stochastic systems.

PMID- 9961301
TI  - Growth laws for phase ordering.

PMID- 9961302
TI  - Thermally sustained structure in convectively unstable systems.

PMID- 9961303
TI  - Dynamics of dislocations in hexagonal patterns.

PMID- 9961304
TI  - Surface-pattern evolution in a swelling gel under a geometrical constraint:
      Direct observation of fold structure and its coarsening dynamics.

PMID- 9961305
TI  - Conductance noise in electrodeposition.

PMID- 9961306
TI  - Free-electron-laser model without the slowly-varying-envelope approximation.

PMID- 9961307
TI  - Instability of a crack in a heated strip.

PMID- 9961308
TI  - Fractal-to-Euclidean crossover of the thermodynamic properties of the Ising
      model.

PMID- 9961309
TI  - Safe, explosive, and dangerous bifurcations in dissipative dynamical systems.

PMID- 9961310
TI  - Percolation of a simulated metallic film on a porous substrate: The copper
      polyimide interface.

PMID- 9961311
TI  - Nonequilibrium temperature versus local-equilibrium temperature.

PMID- 9961312
TI  - Reaction efficiency of diffusion-controlled processes on finite, planar arrays.

PMID- 9961313
TI  - Kinetics of restricted solid-on-solid models of film growth.

PMID- 9961314
TI  - Universality class for extinction-survival phase transition in one dimension.

PMID- 9961316
TI  - Virial expansions for quantum plasmas: Diagrammatic resummations.

PMID- 9961315
TI  - Border-collision bifurcations: An explanation for observed bifurcation phenomena.

PMID- 9961317
TI  - Converting transient chaos into sustained chaos by feedback control.

PMID- 9961318
TI  - Spatiotemporally periodic states, periodic windows, and intermittency in coupled
      map lattices.

PMID- 9961320
TI  - Helimagnetism in XY models: Domain walls, frustrations, fractional vortices, and
      phase transitions.

PMID- 9961319
TI  - Scale invariance in turbulent front propagation.

PMID- 9961321
TI  - Distribution of escape times in a driven stochastic model.

PMID- 9961322
TI  - Characterization of on-off intermittency.

PMID- 9961323
TI  - Seismicity and self-organized criticality.

PMID- 9961324
TI  - Sandpiles and river networks: Extended systems with nonlocal interactions.

PMID- 9961325
TI  - Orbits in one-dimensional finite linear cellular automata.

PMID- 9961326
TI  - Scaling of fluctuations in one-dimensional interface and hopping models.

PMID- 9961327
TI  - Scaling properties of diffusion-limited aggregation, the percolation hull, and
      invasion percolation.

PMID- 9961328
TI  - Supernarrow spectral peaks and high-frequency stochastic resonance in systems
      with coexisting periodic attractors.

PMID- 9961330
TI  - Using neural networks for controlling chaos.

PMID- 9961329
TI  - Optimized planar dividing surfaces for asymmetric activated-rate processes.

PMID- 9961332
TI  - Avalanches and correlations in driven interface depinning.

PMID- 9961331
TI  - Theory of self-organized interface depinning.

PMID- 9961333
TI  - Dynamics of the condensation of a saturated vapor into droplets.

PMID- 9961335
TI  - Difference-quotient turbulence model: A generalization of Prandtl's mixing-length
      theory.

PMID- 9961334
TI  - Molecular-dynamics study of dynamical properties of dense soft-sphere fluids: The
      role of short-range repulsion of the intermolecular potential.

PMID- 9961336
TI  - Constructing the Lagrangian in the Eulerian coordinate for relativistic
      hydrodynamics.

PMID- 9961337
TI  - Model equations for two-dimensional quasipatterns.

PMID- 9961338
TI  - Passive scalar fluctuations with and without a mean gradient: A numerical study.

PMID- 9961339
TI  - Formation of singularities on the free surface of an ideal fluid.

PMID- 9961340
TI  - Absolute and convective instabilities and noise-sustained structures in the
      Couette-Taylor system with an axial flow.

PMID- 9961342
TI  - Chaos in the model of repetitive phase transitions with hysteresis: Application
      to the self-sustained potential oscillations of lipid-bilayer membranes induced
      by gel-liquid-crystal phase transitions.

PMID- 9961341
TI  - Experimental evaluation of the intrinsic noise in the Couette-Taylor system with
      an axial flow.

PMID- 9961343
TI  - Polymer model with annealed dilution on the square lattice: A transfer-matrix
      study.

PMID- 9961344
TI  - Periodic stripe domains and hybrid-alignment regime in nematic liquid crystals:
      Threshold analysis.

PMID- 9961345
TI  - Path-integral variational methods for flow through porous media.

PMID- 9961346
TI  - Theory of reorientational transitions in ferrielectric liquid crystals.

PMID- 9961347
TI  - Fluctuations of a defect line of molecular orientation in a monolayer.

PMID- 9961348
TI  - Statistical mechanics of polyampholytes.

PMID- 9961349
TI  - Anisotropic renormalization of thermodynamic quantities above the nematic-smectic
      A phase transition.

PMID- 9961350
TI  - Experimental study of the approach to a double critical point in the
      poly(styrene) plus acetone system: Test of fluctuation-isomorphism theory.

PMID- 9961351
TI  - Hydrodynamic modes of viscoelastic polymer films.

PMID- 9961352
TI  - Roughness effect on the frictional force in boundary lubrication.

PMID- 9961353
TI  - Dynamic critical phenomena in water-butoxyethanol mixtures studied by viscosity
      and light-scattering measurements.

PMID- 9961354
TI  - Calculating the surface potential of unionized monolayers.

PMID- 9961356
TI  - Thermal-fluctuation approach to Freedericksz transitions in nematic liquid
      crystals.

PMID- 9961357
TI  - Phase diagram of a model anticlustering binary mixture in two dimensions: A semi
      grand-canonical Monte Carlo study.

PMID- 9961355
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of the unwinding of cholesteric twist.

PMID- 9961358
TI  - Scattering from internal interfaces in microemulsion and sponge phases.

PMID- 9961359
TI  - Theory of orientational elasticity.

PMID- 9961360
TI  - Crossover exponent for polymer adsorption in two dimensions.

PMID- 9961361
TI  - Growth shape of 3He needle crystals.

PMID- 9961362
TI  - Self-affine fractal electrodeposited gold surfaces: Characterization by scanning
      tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9961363
TI  - Spectroscopic diagnostics in a colliding-blast-wave experiment.

PMID- 9961364
TI  - Implosion of D2 temperature-controlled cryogenic foam targets with plastic
      ablators.

PMID- 9961366
TI  - Stationary population inversion of hydrogen in an arc-heated magnetically trapped
      expanding hydrogen-helium plasma jet.

PMID- 9961365
TI  - Ballooning-mode stability of shaped high- beta tokamaks.

PMID- 9961367
TI  - Ionization and stopping of heavy ions in dense laser-ablated plasmas.

PMID- 9961369
TI  - Coupled Langmuir and nonlinear ion-acoustic waves in collisional plasmas.

PMID- 9961368
TI  - Bremsstrahlung and nonlinear currents in a dense plasma exposed to an intense
      laser field.

PMID- 9961371
TI  - Amplification of extreme-ultraviolet radiation in a gas-liner pinch plasma.

PMID- 9961370
TI  - Experimental Stark widths and shifts and transition probabilities of several Xe
      II lines.

PMID- 9961372
TI  - Effects of frequency mismatch and wave dispersion on a self-consistent
      Hamiltonian model for an arbitrary-amplitude cyclotron-resonance laser
      accelerator.

PMID- 9961373
TI  - Transverse particle motion in radio-frequency linear accelerators.

PMID- 9961374
TI  - Hamiltonian analysis of the transition to the high-gain regime in a Compton free
      electron-laser amplifier.

PMID- 9961376
TI  - Conserved energy approximation to wave scattering by a nonlinear interface.

PMID- 9961375
TI  - Effects of the synchro-betatron coupling induced by dipole-field modulation.

PMID- 9961377
TI  - Studies of columns of beads under external vibrations.

PMID- 9961378
TI  - Model for the propagation of sound in granular materials.

PMID- 9961379
TI  - Perturbation-induced dynamics of dark solitons.

PMID- 9961380
TI  - Spectral properties of stochastic electromagnetic fields with spherical symmetry.

PMID- 9961381
TI  - Bound solitons in the ac-driven, damped nonlinear Schrodinger equation.

PMID- 9961382
TI  - Continuum model for the spatiotemporal growth of bacterial colonies.

PMID- 9961384
TI  - Storage capacity of neural networks storing spatially correlated patterns.

PMID- 9961383
TI  - Mosaic organization of DNA nucleotides.
AB  - Long-range power-law correlations have been reported recently for DNA sequences
      containing noncoding regions.  We address the question of whether such
      correlations may be a trivial consequence of the known mosaic structure
      ("patchiness") of DNA.  We analyze two classes of controls consisting of patchy
      nucleotide sequences generated by different algorithms--one without and one with
      long-range power-law correlations.  Although both types of sequences are highly
      heterogenous, they are quantitatively distinguishable by an alternative
      fluctuation analysis method that differentiates local patchiness from long-range
      correlations.  Application of this analysis to selected DNA sequences
      demonstrates that patchiness is not sufficient to account for long-range
      correlation properties.

PMID- 9961385
TI  - Recursive definition of global cellular-automata mappings.

PMID- 9961386
TI  - Efficient Green's-function approach to finding the currents in a random resistor
      network.

PMID- 9961387
TI  - Comparison of flux-correcting and spline algorithms for solving (3+1)-dimensional
      relativistic hydrodynamics.

PMID- 9961388
TI  - Stochastic resonance in a chemical reaction.

PMID- 9961389
TI  - Determination of the order-parameter critical exponent of an irreversible dimer
      monomer surface-reaction model.

PMID- 9961391
TI  - Partition function of the rigid rotator at high temperatures using the Hubbard
      Statanovich transformation.

PMID- 9961390
TI  - Self-affine fractals and the limit H-->0.

PMID- 9961392
TI  - Universality of period doubling in coupled maps.

PMID- 9961393
TI  - Class of cellular automata for reaction-diffusion systems.

PMID- 9961395
TI  - Suppression of Hamiltonian chaos by Coulomb repulsion in finite-amplitude
      electroconvection.

PMID- 9961394
TI  - Improved calculation of the third virial coefficient of a free anyon gas.

PMID- 9961396
TI  - Dissipative Boussinesq system of equations in the Benard-Marangoni phenomenon.

PMID- 9961397
TI  - Anisotropies in diffusion-limited aggregates on square-lattice diffusion-limited
      aggregates.

PMID- 9961398
TI  - Depolarization of multiply scattered waves by spherical diffusers: Influence of
      the size parameter.

PMID- 9961399
TI  - Semiclassical analysis of traversal time through Kac's solution of the
      telegrapher's equation.

PMID- 9961400
TI  - Correlated-data-driven dynamics in a neural network.

PMID- 9961401
TI  - Comment on "Abelian sandpile model"

PMID- 9961403
TI  - Suppression of chaos, quantum resonance, and statistics of a nonintegrable
      system.

PMID- 9961402
TI  - Dynamics of rough surfaces with an arbitrary topology.

PMID- 9961404
TI  - Enhancing synchronism of chaotic systems.

PMID- 9961405
TI  - Random-adding determination of percolation thresholds in interacting systems.

PMID- 9961406
TI  - Products of random matrices for disordered systems.

PMID- 9961408
TI  - Hidden symmetry, exact relations, and a small parameter in the Kardar-Parisi
      Zhang problem with strong coupling.

PMID- 9961407
TI  - Fractal random walks from a variational formalism for Tsallis entropies.

PMID- 9961409
TI  - Long-time behavior of the semiclassical baker's map.

PMID- 9961410
TI  - First-passage time and the fluctuation of the quenched disorder in biased media.

PMID- 9961411
TI  - Controlling unstable periodic orbits by a delayed continuous feedback.

PMID- 9961412
TI  - Vortical scales for two- and three-dimensional turbulence.

PMID- 9961413
TI  - Optical determination of the saddle-splay elastic constant K24 in nematic liquid
      crystals.

PMID- 9961415
TI  - Doubly anchored nematic polymer brushes: Shear, field effects, and
      quasipiezoelectricity.

PMID- 9961416
TI  - Anchoring transition in a nematic liquid crystal composed of centrosymmetric
      molecules.

PMID- 9961414
TI  - Application of the modified hypernetted-chain integral equation to supercooled
      and expanded liquid structures.

PMID- 9961418
TI  - Amplification of electromagnetic waves in dusty nonstationary plasmas.

PMID- 9961417
TI  - Growth instabilities in mechanical breakdown.

PMID- 9961420
TI  - Feynman path-integral representation for scalar-wave propagation.

PMID- 9961419
TI  - Stabilizing a breather in the damped nonlinear Schrodinger equation driven by two
      frequencies.

PMID- 9961421
TI  - Analyzing long-range correlations in finite sequences.

PMID- 9961422
TI  - Structures in classical phase space and quantum chaotic dynamics.

PMID- 9961423
TI  - Predicting physical variables in time-delay embedding.

PMID- 9961425
TI  - Effective multifractal spectrum of a random walk.

PMID- 9961424
TI  - Chaotic dynamics in the rf superconducting quantum-interference-device
      magnetometer: A coupled quantum-classical system.

PMID- 9961426
TI  - Mutually destructive fluctuations in globally coupled arrays.

PMID- 9961427
TI  - Exact analytic formula for the correlation time of a single-domain ferromagnetic
      particle.

PMID- 9961428
TI  - Blocking of metastable phase formation by an external field.

PMID- 9961430
TI  - Multiple phase coexistence in finite systems.

PMID- 9961429
TI  - Analysis of dynamics in a parametrically damped pendulum.

PMID- 9961431
TI  - Mapping between a self-attracting self-avoiding surface and a percolation hull in
      three dimensions.

PMID- 9961432
TI  - Second-law irreversibility and phase-space dimensionality loss from time
      reversible nonequilibrium steady-state Lyapunov spectra.

PMID- 9961433
TI  - Order-parameter flow in the fully connected Hopfield model near saturation.

PMID- 9961434
TI  - Noise-enhanced heterodyning in bistable systems.

PMID- 9961435
TI  - Interacting domain walls and the five-vertex model.

PMID- 9961436
TI  - State-space reconstruction using averaged scalar products of the dynamical system
      flow vectors.

PMID- 9961437
TI  - Correspondence in quasiperiodic and chaotic maps: Quantization via the von
      Neumann equation.

PMID- 9961438
TI  - Self-organized criticality involving vector fields and random driving.

PMID- 9961439
TI  - Modal feedback control on chaotic trajectories.

PMID- 9961440
TI  - Quantum Monte Carlo study of tunneling diffusion in a dissipative multistate
      system.

PMID- 9961442
TI  - Parametric ordering of complex systems.

PMID- 9961441
TI  - Dynamics of complex interfaces.

PMID- 9961443
TI  - Kac model from a dynamical system's point of view.

PMID- 9961445
TI  - Calculation of thermal-diffusion coefficients from plane-wave fluctuations in the
      heat energy density.

PMID- 9961444
TI  - Monte Carlo study of a kinetic lattice model with random diffusion of disorder.

PMID- 9961447
TI  - Two-dimensional nonlinear dynamics of four driven vortices.

PMID- 9961446
TI  - Exact results for phase separation in an asymmetric model of an interacting
      binary mixture.

PMID- 9961448
TI  - Energy decay in Burgers turbulence and interface growth: The problem of random
      initial conditions. II.

PMID- 9961450
TI  - Dispersion-induced patterns.

PMID- 9961449
TI  - Fluctuation-induced first-order transition and dynamic scaling in Rayleigh-Benard
      convection.

PMID- 9961451
TI  - Higher-order nonlinear evolution equation for interfacial waves in a two-layer
      fluid system.

PMID- 9961452
TI  - Pattern formation in laser-induced melting.

PMID- 9961453
TI  - Dependence of drag on a Galilean invariance-breaking parameter in lattice
      Boltzmann flow simulations.

PMID- 9961454
TI  - Nonuniform broken-parity waves and the Eckhaus instability.

PMID- 9961455
TI  - Chaotic instabilities in smectic-C liquid crystals.

PMID- 9961456
TI  - Phase conjugation in critical microemulsions.

PMID- 9961457
TI  - Surface-layer phase transitions in nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9961459
TI  - Perturbation theory applied to the freezing of classical systems.

PMID- 9961458
TI  - Critical temperature of Ising films with cubic lattices.

PMID- 9961460
TI  - Dynamics of heterogeneous polymer networks.

PMID- 9961461
TI  - Phase equilibria of Lennard-Jones dipolar plus quadrupolar fluids by Gibbs
      ensemble Monte Carlo simulation.

PMID- 9961462
TI  - Density distribution of a fluid through a microporous solid: Monte Carlo
      simulation.

PMID- 9961464
TI  - Influence of surface interaction and chain stiffness on polymer-induced entropic
      forces and the dimensions of confined polymers.

PMID- 9961463
TI  - Light-scattering study of the liquid-glass transition in propylene carbonate.

PMID- 9961465
TI  - Kinetics of phase separation in two-dimensional systems with competing
      interactions.

PMID- 9961466
TI  - Phase-field model of eutectic growth.

PMID- 9961467
TI  - Nonlinear coupling in the crossing-angle beam-beam interaction.

PMID- 9961468
TI  - Kinetic theory of runaway air breakdown.

PMID- 9961469
TI  - Four ways to determine the electron density in low-temperature plasmas.

PMID- 9961470
TI  - Observation of temporal plasma-wave echoes in an ion-wave regime.

PMID- 9961471
TI  - Spectroscopic measurements of electron density and temperature in polyacetal
      capillary-discharge plasmas.

PMID- 9961472
TI  - Chaos in reversed-field-pinch plasma simulation and experiment.

PMID- 9961473
TI  - Coupling of space-dependent electron dynamics and vibrational kinetics in radio
      frequency discharges in nitrogen.

PMID- 9961474
TI  - Raman-ripple lasers.

PMID- 9961476
TI  - Simulation of the beam halo from the beam-beam interaction.

PMID- 9961475
TI  - Laser thermonuclear fusion with force confinement of hot plasma.

PMID- 9961477
TI  - Longitudinal bunched-beam instabilites going nonlinear: Emittance growth, beam
      splitting, and turbulence.

PMID- 9961478
TI  - Determination of the linear coupling resonance strength using two-dimensional
      invariant tori.

PMID- 9961479
TI  - Wave propagation in granular assemblies.

PMID- 9961480
TI  - Multiple-scattering formalism for general discrete random composites.

PMID- 9961482
TI  - Birefringence by a smoothly inhomogeneous locally isotropic medium.

PMID- 9961481
TI  - Structural stability and selection of propagating fronts in semilinear parabolic
      partial differential equations.

PMID- 9961483
TI  - Direct perturbation theory for dark solitons.

PMID- 9961484
TI  - Theory of DNA electrophoresis in physical gels and entangled polymer solutions.

PMID- 9961485
TI  - Scaling behavior of some molecular shape descriptors of polymer chains and
      protein backbones.

PMID- 9961487
TI  - Efficient large-scale simulations of a uniformly driven system.

PMID- 9961486
TI  - Supercoiling transitions of closed DNA.

PMID- 9961489
TI  - Field-induced phase transitions of simple dipolar fluids.

PMID- 9961488
TI  - Series expansions without diagrams.

PMID- 9961490
TI  - Solvable Ising model on Sierpinski carpets: The partition function.

PMID- 9961491
TI  - Berry's phase in a one-dimensional quantum many-body system.

PMID- 9961493
TI  - Turbulence with an infinite number of conservation laws.

PMID- 9961492
TI  - Randomly driven Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation.

PMID- 9961495
TI  - Kinetic phase transition in polymerization.

PMID- 9961494
TI  - Influence of the liquid-crystal splay-bend surface elastic constant on director
      fluctuations and light scattering.

PMID- 9961496
TI  - Transport and sound waves in plasmas with light and heavy ions.

PMID- 9961497
TI  - Theoretical study of longitudinal beam splitting and related phenomena.

PMID- 9961498
TI  - Comment on "Use of the McQuarrie equation for the computation of shear viscosity
      via equilibrium molecular dynamics"

PMID- 9961499
TI  - Comment on "Low-frequency Raman-scattering study of the liquid-glass transition
      in aqueous lithium chloride solutions"

PMID- 9961501
TI  - Erratum: Stochastic averaging of the time-evolution operator for quantum systems
      driven by Ornstein-Uhlenbeck colored noise: A nonperturbative cluster cumulant
      method

PMID- 9961500
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Low-frequency Raman-scattering study of the liquid-glass
      transition in aqueous lithium chloride solutions' "

PMID- 9961502
TI  - Fractals without anomalous diffusion.

PMID- 9961503
TI  - Nonuniversal diffusion-limited aggregation and exact fractal dimensions.

PMID- 9961504
TI  - Stochastic resonance in a tunnel diode.

PMID- 9961506
TI  - Nonlocal vorticity cascade in two dimensions.

PMID- 9961505
TI  - Density waves of granular flow in a pipe using lattice-gas automata.

PMID- 9961507
TI  - Numerical study of oscillatory crack propagation through a two-dimensional
      crystal.

PMID- 9961508
TI  - Self-affine fractal crystal from an NH4Cl solution.

PMID- 9961509
TI  - Cylindrical phases of isotropic diblock copolymers as giant wormlike nematic
      liquid crystals: Frank elasticity and Freedericksz transitions.

PMID- 9961510
TI  - Experimental observation of transmission- and self-emission-type radiation
      transport in x-ray-produced plasmas.

PMID- 9961511
TI  - Large amplitude plasma wave excitation by means of sequences of short laser
      pulses.

PMID- 9961512
TI  - Response functions improving performance in analog attractor neural networks.

PMID- 9961513
TI  - Bond-updating mechanism in cluster Monte Carlo calculations.

PMID- 9961515
TI  - From dynamics to statistical mechanics in the Henon-Heiles model: Dynamics.

PMID- 9961514
TI  - Critical scaling behavior in the activated-barrier-crossing problem.

PMID- 9961516
TI  - Low-dimensional turnover theory of thermal activation.

PMID- 9961518
TI  - High-temperature series expansions for Ising-like systems on fractals.

PMID- 9961517
TI  - Kardar-Parisi-Zhang model and anomalous elasticity of two- and three-dimensional
      smectic-A liquid crystals.

PMID- 9961520
TI  - Dynamic instability in crack propagation.

PMID- 9961519
TI  - Correlation functions in disordered systems.

PMID- 9961521
TI  - Stability and kinetics of step motion on crystal surfaces.

PMID- 9961522
TI  - Wavelength-doubling bifurcations in one-dimensional coupled logistic maps.

PMID- 9961524
TI  - Spectral properties of a time-periodic Fokker-Planck equation.

PMID- 9961523
TI  - Magnetic-field dependence of chemical reaction rates at high temperatures.

PMID- 9961525
TI  - Mean field model for spatially extended systems in the presence of multiplicative
      noise.

PMID- 9961526
TI  - Spectral 1/f noise derived from extremized physical information.

PMID- 9961527
TI  - Observing chaos: Deducing and tracking the state of a chaotic system from limited
      observation.

PMID- 9961529
TI  - Threshold effects on synchronization of pulse-coupled oscillators.

PMID- 9961528
TI  - Correlations and dynamics in ensembles of maps: Simple models.

PMID- 9961530
TI  - Fractal and topological properties of directed fractures.

PMID- 9961531
TI  - Closed-form solutions and free energy of hard-spin mean-field theory of a fully
      frustrated system.

PMID- 9961532
TI  - Inverse avalanches in the Abelian sandpile model.

PMID- 9961534
TI  - Possibilities and limitations of Gaussian-closure approximations for phase
      ordering dynamics.

PMID- 9961533
TI  - Wick's theorem at nonzero temperatures.

PMID- 9961535
TI  - Domain growth in a one-dimensional diffusive lattice gas with short-range
      attraction.

PMID- 9961536
TI  - Finite-range-scaling analysis of metastability in an Ising model with long-range
      interactions.

PMID- 9961537
TI  - Non-Abelian symmetries of stochastic processes: Derivation of correlation
      functions for random-vertex models and disordered-interacting-particle systems.

PMID- 9961538
TI  - Series expansion method based on the droplet description of ferromagnetic and
      fully frustrated q-state Potts models.

PMID- 9961539
TI  - Dynamics of a globally coupled laser model.

PMID- 9961540
TI  - Time-series analysis of transient chaos.

PMID- 9961541
TI  - Extended mean-field study of a stochastic cellular automaton.

PMID- 9961542
TI  - Colored noise in spatially extended systems.

PMID- 9961543
TI  - Intermittency inhibited by transport: An exactly solvable model.

PMID- 9961544
TI  - Stochastic dynamics of diffusive deposition-evaporation processes in the presence
      of defects.

PMID- 9961546
TI  - Intermittent dynamics and self-organized depinning in propagating fronts.

PMID- 9961545
TI  - Statistics of self-avoiding walks on randomly diluted lattices.

PMID- 9961548
TI  - Weighted-density-functional theory of solvation forces in liquids.

PMID- 9961547
TI  - Application of the generalized Chapman-Enskog method to the transport-coefficient
      calculation in a reacting gas mixture.

PMID- 9961549
TI  - Potential effects on atomic motions in liquid alkali metals.

PMID- 9961550
TI  - Role of hydrogen-bond cooperativity and free-volume fluctuations in the non
      Arrhenius behavior of water self-diffusion: A continuity-of-states model.

PMID- 9961551
TI  - Phase diagram for excess electrons in simple fluids.

PMID- 9961553
TI  - Phase instabilities of oscillatory standing squares and alternating rolls.

PMID- 9961552
TI  - Scaling laws of the dissipation rate of turbulent subgrid-scale kinetic energy.

PMID- 9961555
TI  - Large-scale coherence and "anomalous scaling" of high-order moments of velocity
      differences in strong turbulence.

PMID- 9961554
TI  - Generation of swirl due to symmetry breaking.

PMID- 9961556
TI  - Separatrix-map analysis of chaotic transport in planar periodic vortical flows.

PMID- 9961557
TI  - Lagrangian path integrals and fluctuations in random flow.

PMID- 9961558
TI  - Estimation of productivity, efficiency, and entropy production for cyclic
      separation processes with a distributed working fluid.

PMID- 9961559
TI  - Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation for surface waves in nonideal conducting
      liquids.

PMID- 9961560
TI  - Simulation of nonideal gases and liquid-gas phase transitions by the lattice
      Boltzmann equation.

PMID- 9961562
TI  - Molecular interpretation of the absorption-induced optical reorientation of
      nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9961561
TI  - Influence of the surface profile on the roughness contribution to the ellipticity
      coefficient.

PMID- 9961563
TI  - Critical behavior at nematic-smectic-A phase transitions.

PMID- 9961564
TI  - Fractal and compact growth morphologies in phase transitions with diffusion
      transport.

PMID- 9961565
TI  - Depolarized-light-scattering study of orthoterphenyl and comparison with the mode
      coupling model.

PMID- 9961567
TI  - Influence of backflow on the reorientation dynamics of ferroelectric liquid
      crystals.

PMID- 9961566
TI  - Dynamic fluctuation effects in dilute lyotropic systems.

PMID- 9961568
TI  - Fluctuation-induced orientational correlations in polymer blends and diblock
      copolymer melts.

PMID- 9961569
TI  - Elasticity of weakly aggregating polystyrene latex dispersions.

PMID- 9961570
TI  - Quantum transport in porous media: Inelastic scattering of 4He atoms and its
      temperature dependence.

PMID- 9961571
TI  - Director configurations of nematic-liquid-crystal droplets: Negative dielectric
      anisotropy and parallel surface anchoring.

PMID- 9961572
TI  - Kinetics and thermodynamics of end-functionalized polymer adsorption and
      desorption processes.

PMID- 9961573
TI  - Hydrodynamic boundary conditions, correlation functions, and Kubo relations for
      confined fluids.

PMID- 9961575
TI  - Microphase separation in topologically constrained ring copolymers.

PMID- 9961574
TI  - Relaxation of electric birefringence near a critical consolute point.

PMID- 9961577
TI  - Phase transitions in heteropolymers with "secondary structure"

PMID- 9961576
TI  - Quasi-two-dimensional domain structures of magnetic particles in a static field.

PMID- 9961578
TI  - Dynamics of a bound membrane.

PMID- 9961579
TI  - Critical dynamics in liquids with long-range forces.

PMID- 9961580
TI  - Microscopic dynamics of liquid gallium.

PMID- 9961582
TI  - Slow dynamics in supercooled liquids.

PMID- 9961581
TI  - Optically induced hydrodynamic reorientation of liquid crystals and its
      applications for infrared detection and information storage.

PMID- 9961583
TI  - Model for eutectic organization: The purely kinetic regime.

PMID- 9961584
TI  - Low-frequency elastic response of a spherical particle.

PMID- 9961585
TI  - Structure factor of Cantor sets.

PMID- 9961586
TI  - Monte Carlo and integral-equation studies of hard-oblate-spherocylinder fluids.

PMID- 9961587
TI  - Stochastic envelope equations for nonequilibrium transitions and application to
      thermal fluctuations in electroconvection in nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9961588
TI  - Off-lattice Monte Carlo simulation of polymer brushes in good solvents.

PMID- 9961589
TI  - Textures in hexatic films of nonchiral liquid crystals: Symmetry breaking and
      modulated phases.

PMID- 9961590
TI  - Pretransitional fluctuations of the Lebwohl-Lasher model of a nematic liquid
      crystal.

PMID- 9961591
TI  - Diffusion-limited-aggregation processes with three-particle elementary reactions.

PMID- 9961592
TI  - Restructuring effects in irreversible deposition of spheres on a plane.

PMID- 9961593
TI  - Oscillatory relativistic motion of a particle in a power-law or sinusoidal-shaped
      potential well.

PMID- 9961594
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of electron swarms at low reduced electric fields.

PMID- 9961595
TI  - Theory of Raman scattering for a short ultrastrong laser pulse in a rarefied
      plasma.

PMID- 9961596
TI  - Modeling and measurements on an obstructed glow discharge in helium.

PMID- 9961597
TI  - Negative-energy modes in a magnetically confined plasma in the framework of
      Maxwell-drift kinetic theory.

PMID- 9961599
TI  - Kinetic description of plasmas produced in multiphoton-ionization processes.

PMID- 9961598
TI  - Frequency downshift in rapidly ionizing media.

PMID- 9961601
TI  - Calculations of Smith-Purcell radiation generated by electrons of 1-100 MeV.

PMID- 9961600
TI  - Shear Alfven vortices in a current-carrying low-temperature plasma.

PMID- 9961602
TI  - Identifying chaotic electron trajectories in a helical-wiggler free-electron
      laser.

PMID- 9961604
TI  - Inverse method for the investigation of nonlinear instabilities associated with
      negative-energy modes.

PMID- 9961603
TI  - Oscillation mode and "nonlinear" radiation of the double sine-Gordon 2 pi kink.

PMID- 9961606
TI  - Dynamic stresses at a moving crack tip in a model of fracture propagation.

PMID- 9961605
TI  - Bifurcation phenomena and multiple soliton-bound states in isotropic Kerr media.

PMID- 9961607
TI  - Vector soliton associated with polarization modulational instability in the
      normal-dispersion regime.

PMID- 9961608
TI  - Interaction of discrete breathers with impurity modes.

PMID- 9961609
TI  - Analysis of a multistable dynamical system describing a competitive interaction
      between synapses on a neuron.

PMID- 9961610
TI  - Emergent collective behavior in large numbers of globally coupled independently
      stochastic ion channels.

PMID- 9961611
TI  - Monovariable representation of blood flow in a large elastic artery.

PMID- 9961612
TI  - Properties and origins of protein secondary structure.

PMID- 9961613
TI  - Nonlinear effects and thermal expansion as expressed in self-consistent phonon
      calculations on the temperature dependence of a phase change: Application to the
      B to Z conformation change in DNA.

PMID- 9961614
TI  - Fault-tolerant sensor integration using multiresolution decomposition.

PMID- 9961616
TI  - Multicanonical multigrid Monte Carlo method.

PMID- 9961615
TI  - Convergence accelerators in the computation of molecular integrals over Slater
      type basis functions in the two-range one-center expansion method.

PMID- 9961618
TI  - Synchronizationlike phenomena in coupled stochastic bistable systems.

PMID- 9961617
TI  - Singular perturbation analysis for unstable systems with convective nonlinearity.

PMID- 9961619
TI  - Longitudinal relaxation induced by colored noise.

PMID- 9961621
TI  - Nonequilibrium critical behavior from the master equation.

PMID- 9961620
TI  - Characterization of the Lorenz system, taking into account the equivariance of
      the vector field.

PMID- 9961623
TI  - Dynamic structure factors of a dense mixture.

PMID- 9961622
TI  - Monte Carlo calculation of effective diffusivities in two- and three-dimensional
      heterogeneous materials of variable structure.

PMID- 9961625
TI  - Microscopic simulation of dilute gases with adjustable transport coefficients.

PMID- 9961624
TI  - Instabilities and pattern formation in driven diffusive systems.

PMID- 9961626
TI  - Kinetic real-space renormalization-group approach to the shortest-path
      aggregation.

PMID- 9961627
TI  - Regular and stochastic acceleration of photons.

PMID- 9961628
TI  - Polarization stability of TE and TM waves in nonlinear planar waveguides.

PMID- 9961629
TI  - Alternative wave-function theory in homogeneous anisotropic media: Spline
      approximation.

PMID- 9961630
TI  - Experimental photon statistics of multiscattered light.

PMID- 9961632
TI  - Logarithmic decay of phi4 breathers of energy E <~ 1.

PMID- 9961631
TI  - Instability in a classical periodically driven string.

PMID- 9961633
TI  - Modulational instabilities in the discrete deformable nonlinear Schrodinger
      equation.

PMID- 9961634
TI  - Erratum: Tunneling control in a two-level system

PMID- 9961635
TI  - Cluster variation method, Pade approximants, and critical behavior.

PMID- 9961636
TI  - Self-organized criticality in the "game of Life"

PMID- 9961637
TI  - Role of parametric noise in nonintegrable quantum dynamics.

PMID- 9961639
TI  - Self-affinity of time series with finite domain power-law power spectrum.

PMID- 9961638
TI  - Eigenvector statistics in the crossover region between Gaussian orthogonal and
      unitary ensembles.

PMID- 9961641
TI  - Exactly solvable model of interface growth.

PMID- 9961640
TI  - Sign-singular measure and its association with turbulent scalings.

PMID- 9961642
TI  - Experimental control of chaos by means of weak parametric perturbations.

PMID- 9961643
TI  - Critical dynamics of contact line depinning.

PMID- 9961644
TI  - Spatiotemporal pulse collapse on periodic potentials.

PMID- 9961646
TI  - Stochastic perturbation of the gamma -ray angular correlation in the case of a
      quadrupole interaction.

PMID- 9961645
TI  - Renormalization-group study of a hybrid driven diffusive system.

PMID- 9961648
TI  - Exact results of a solvable general spin-1 model.

PMID- 9961647
TI  - Brownian parametric oscillators.

PMID- 9961649
TI  - Chaotic cascade model for turbulent velocity distributions.

PMID- 9961650
TI  - Hamiltonian approach to the dissociation of a coupled nonlinear exciton-vibron
      system.

PMID- 9961651
TI  - One-dimensional spherical model with a phase transition.

PMID- 9961652
TI  - Decay of metastable states with discrete dynamics.

PMID- 9961653
TI  - Chaos and the quantum-classical correspondence in the kicked pendulum.

PMID- 9961654
TI  - Brownian motion of two interacting particles under a square-well potential.

PMID- 9961655
TI  - Turbulent dynamics of an intrinsically chaotic field.

PMID- 9961656
TI  - Renormalization of the driven sine-Gordon equation in 2+1 dimensions.

PMID- 9961657
TI  - Post-Gaussian approximations in phase ordering kinetics.

PMID- 9961658
TI  - Dynamical scaling functions in conserved vector order-parameter systems without
      topological defects.

PMID- 9961659
TI  - Two-spin models with classical chaos and different quantum universality classes.

PMID- 9961660
TI  - Relaxation and stochasticity in a truncated Toda lattice.

PMID- 9961661
TI  - Statistical properties of spectra of pseudointegrable systems.

PMID- 9961662
TI  - Global stability of spherical polytropes.

PMID- 9961663
TI  - Crisis and enhancement of chaotic scattering.

PMID- 9961664
TI  - Thermodynamics of a two-dimensional self-gravitating system.

PMID- 9961665
TI  - Modeling and synchronizing chaotic systems from time-series data.

PMID- 9961667
TI  - Direct dynamical test for deterministic chaos and optimal embedding of a chaotic
      time series.

PMID- 9961666
TI  - Period-doubling bifurcations in the presence of colored noise.

PMID- 9961669
TI  - Periodic synchronization in a driven system of coupled oscillators.

PMID- 9961668
TI  - Natural boundaries for the Smoluchowski equation and affiliated diffusion
      processes.

PMID- 9961670
TI  - Fluctuations in a decentralized agent-resource system.

PMID- 9961671
TI  - Mapping of crystal surfaces onto the five-vertex model.

PMID- 9961672
TI  - Telegrapher's equations with variable propagation speeds.

PMID- 9961673
TI  - Monte Carlo simulations with indefinite and complex-valued measures.

PMID- 9961674
TI  - Late-stage phase separation: Dynamics, spatial correlations, and structure
      functions.

PMID- 9961675
TI  - Random driving of a nonlinear oscillator.

PMID- 9961676
TI  - Influence of noise on crisis-induced intermittency.

PMID- 9961679
TI  - Scaling properties of self-organized criticality.

PMID- 9961677
TI  - Stochastically averaged master equation for a quantum-dynamic system interacting
      with a thermal bath.

PMID- 9961678
TI  - Three-level quantum amplifier as a heat engine: A study in finite-time
      thermodynamics.

PMID- 9961680
TI  - Periodically kicked Duffing oscillator and nonattracting chaotic sets.

PMID- 9961681
TI  - Stochastic resonance in optical bistable systems.

PMID- 9961682
TI  - Model of spatiotemporal dynamics of stick-slip motion.

PMID- 9961683
TI  - Kinetics of heterogeneous condensation under dynamic conditions.

PMID- 9961684
TI  - Low-temperature anharmonic lattice deformations near rotator impurities: A
      quantum Monte Carlo approach.

PMID- 9961685
TI  - Crisis and intermittence in a leaky-faucet experiment.

PMID- 9961686
TI  - Rotational Brownian motion and dielectric relaxation of polar molecules subjected
      to a constant bias field: Exact solution.

PMID- 9961688
TI  - Nonlinear analysis of high-Reynolds-number flows over a buoyant axisymmetric
      body.

PMID- 9961687
TI  - Large-N limit of the "spherical model" of turbulence.

PMID- 9961689
TI  - Axisymmetric time-dependent flow in the Taylor-Couette system.

PMID- 9961691
TI  - Benard convection in a binary mixture with a nonlinear density-temperature
      relation.

PMID- 9961690
TI  - Scaling in drop distributions: An application in combustion.

PMID- 9961692
TI  - Extended universality in moderate-Reynolds-number flows.

PMID- 9961693
TI  - Intermittency and scaling property of band-pass-filtered signals in moderate
      Reynolds-number turbulent flows.

PMID- 9961695
TI  - Nonequilibrium effect of the turbulent-energy-production process on the inertial
      range energy spectrum.

PMID- 9961694
TI  - Simulation of a two-dimensional Rayleigh-Benard system using the direct
      simulation Monte Carlo method.

PMID- 9961696
TI  - Plume model for the boundary-layer dynamics in hard turbulence.

PMID- 9961698
TI  - Variational bounds on energy dissipation in incompressible flows: Shear flow.

PMID- 9961697
TI  - Competing states in a Couette-Taylor system with an axial flow.

PMID- 9961700
TI  - Dynamics of growing interfaces from the simulation of unstable flow in random
      media.

PMID- 9961699
TI  - Temporal forcing of small-amplitude waves in anisotropic systems.

PMID- 9961701
TI  - Light scattering on director fluctuations in smectic-A liquid crystals.

PMID- 9961703
TI  - Osmotic interactions between neutral surfaces in an electrolyte solution.

PMID- 9961702
TI  - Invasion percolation in a hydrostatic or permeability gradient: Experiments and
      simulations.

PMID- 9961705
TI  - Influence of substrate heterogeneities on the spreading of a drop.

PMID- 9961704
TI  - Phase separation and droplet nucleation induced by an optical piston.

PMID- 9961706
TI  - Spreading diffusion and its relation to sliding friction in molecularly thin
      adsorbed films.

PMID- 9961707
TI  - Replica model at low integer N for directed polymers in (1+1) dimensions.

PMID- 9961708
TI  - Percolation of two-dimensional attractive coagulated particles.

PMID- 9961709
TI  - Saffman-Taylor fingers with adverse anisotropic surface tension.

PMID- 9961710
TI  - Adsorption isotherm study of the fractal scaling behavior of vapor-deposited
      silver films.

PMID- 9961711
TI  - Rouse chain dynamics in layered random flows.

PMID- 9961712
TI  - Theory of surfacelike elastic contributions in nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9961713
TI  - Glass transition in colloidal hard spheres: Measurement and mode-coupling-theory
      analysis of the coherent intermediate scattering function.

PMID- 9961714
TI  - Reentrant smectic-C and smectic-C* phases in liquid crystals under an electric
      field.

PMID- 9961715
TI  - Spreading dynamics of polymer microdroplets: A molecular-dynamics study.

PMID- 9961716
TI  - Computer simulations of the breakup of colloid aggregates.

PMID- 9961717
TI  - Planar XY-model dynamics in a nematic liquid crystal system.

PMID- 9961718
TI  - Dynamic approach to phase separation of a mixture of monomers and polymers.

PMID- 9961719
TI  - Large deviations from the Clausius-Mossotti equation in a model microemulsion.

PMID- 9961720
TI  - Charge-frustrated model of bicontinuous phases.

PMID- 9961721
TI  - Formation of interfaces in bicontinuous phases.

PMID- 9961722
TI  - Distribution of density fluctuations in a molecular theory of vapor-phase
      nucleation.

PMID- 9961724
TI  - Supercooling of surface-modified phases.

PMID- 9961723
TI  - Spatiotemporal morphological transitions in thin-layer electrodeposition: The
      Hecker effect.

PMID- 9961725
TI  - Analytic model for planar growth of a solid germ from an undercooled melt.

PMID- 9961726
TI  - Influence of an inert electrolyte on the morphology of quasi-two-dimensional
      electrodeposits.

PMID- 9961727
TI  - Morphological instability in phase-field models of solidification.

PMID- 9961729
TI  - Long-term coherence of the cyclotron mode in a trapped ion cloud.

PMID- 9961728
TI  - Dynamic plasma response in laser-photodetachment experiments in hydrogen plasmas.

PMID- 9961730
TI  - Experimental evidence on the nonlocality of the electron distribution function.

PMID- 9961731
TI  - Diagnosis of laser-target implosions by space-resolved continuum absorption x-ray
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9961732
TI  - Measurement of the electrical resistivity of a dense strongly coupled plasma.

PMID- 9961734
TI  - Propagation of short electron pulses in underdense plasmas.

PMID- 9961733
TI  - Argon-hydrogen plasma jet investigated by active and passive spectroscopic means.

PMID- 9961735
TI  - Spatial chaos and patterns in laser-produced plasmas.

PMID- 9961736
TI  - Adiabatic pair potential for charged particulates in plasmas and electrolytes.

PMID- 9961737
TI  - Polarization force on a charged particulate in a nonuniform plasma.

PMID- 9961739
TI  - Experimental study of the electrical conductivity of strongly coupled copper
      plasmas.

PMID- 9961738
TI  - Large-amplitude pulse response at the plasma boundary in an ion-beam system.

PMID- 9961741
TI  - Equalization of longitudinal and transverse beam cooling rates due to strong
      synchro-betatron interactions.

PMID- 9961740
TI  - Simulations of rf glow discharges in SF6 by the relaxation continuum model:
      Physical structure and function of the narrow-gap reactive-ion etcher.

PMID- 9961742
TI  - Anomalous equilibrium emittance due to chromaticity in electron storage rings.

PMID- 9961744
TI  - Linear analysis of periodic-waveguide cyclotron maser interaction.

PMID- 9961743
TI  - Femtosecond free-electron laser by chirped pulse amplification.

PMID- 9961745
TI  - Nonlinear Schrodinger soliton in a time-dependent quadratic potential.

PMID- 9961746
TI  - Renormalization group theory and variational calculations for propagating fronts.

PMID- 9961748
TI  - Propagation dynamics of ultrashort pulses in nonlinear fiber couplers.

PMID- 9961747
TI  - Bifurcations of the dark soliton and polarization domain walls in nonlinear
      dispersive media.

PMID- 9961749
TI  - Correlation in laser speckle.

PMID- 9961750
TI  - Self-similarity of friction laws.

PMID- 9961751
TI  - Kinks in the presence of rapidly varying perturbations.

PMID- 9961753
TI  - Efficient calculation of the Green's function for electromagnetic scattering by
      gratings.

PMID- 9961752
TI  - Light scattering in anisotropic stratified media.

PMID- 9961754
TI  - Influence of reflecting boundaries and finite interfacial thickness on the
      coherent backscattering cone.

PMID- 9961755
TI  - Green's function and lattice sums for electromagnetic scattering by a square
      array of cylinders.

PMID- 9961756
TI  - Kink stability, propagation, and length-scale competition in the periodically
      modulated sine-Gordon equation.

PMID- 9961757
TI  - Multiple-valued energy function in neural networks with asymmetric connections.

PMID- 9961758
TI  - Temperature effects in a nonlinear model of monolayer Scheibe aggregates.

PMID- 9961759
TI  - Query construction, entropy, and generalization in neural-network models.

PMID- 9961760
TI  - Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: Path-integral evolution of
      short-term memory.

PMID- 9961761
TI  - Order and disorder in fully hydrated unoriented bilayers of gel-phase
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine.

PMID- 9961763
TI  - Solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation numerically.

PMID- 9961762
TI  - Fast, accurate algorithm for numerical simulation of Levy stable stochastic
      processes.

PMID- 9961764
TI  - Scaling behavior of the punctuated-equilibrium model of evolution.

PMID- 9961765
TI  - Algebraic evaluation of linking numbers of unstable periodic orbits in chaotic
      attractors.

PMID- 9961767
TI  - Self-avoiding random walks on a family of diamond-type hierarchical lattices.

PMID- 9961766
TI  - Yang's model of charged particle scattering with energy loss.

PMID- 9961768
TI  - Mean first-passage time and multiexponential relaxation of the activationless
      nonadiabatic electron transfer reaction.

PMID- 9961769
TI  - Chaos in double-barrier heterostructures.

PMID- 9961770
TI  - Onset of avalanches in granular media.

PMID- 9961771
TI  - Cancellation exponents and fractal scaling.

PMID- 9961772
TI  - Surface roughening and surface diffusion in kinetic thin-film deposition.

PMID- 9961773
TI  - Phase separation dynamics of model thin films.

PMID- 9961774
TI  - Shape equations for axisymmetric vesicles: A clarification.

PMID- 9961775
TI  - Influence of many-particle effects on spectral line shapes in nonthermal plasmas.

PMID- 9961776
TI  - Stochastic substitute for coupled rate equations in the modeling of highly
      ionized transient plasmas.

PMID- 9961777
TI  - Stimulated Raman scattering of an EH waveguide mode near cyclotron resonance.

PMID- 9961779
TI  - Comment on "Thermodynamic properties of alpha -helix protein: A soliton approach"

PMID- 9961778
TI  - Interactions between monolayers and the stability of mixed surfactant vesicles.

PMID- 9961780
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Thermodynamic properties of alpha -helix protein: A soliton
      approach' "

PMID- 9961781
TI  - Erratum: Thermal and structural properties of the liquid-vapor interface in
      dipolar fluids

PMID- 9961782
TI  - Universality change in stochastic cellular automaton with applied site exchange.

PMID- 9961784
TI  - Competing effects of point versus columnar defects on the roughening of directed
      polymers in random media.

PMID- 9961783
TI  - Order in two-dimensional oscillator lattices.

PMID- 9961785
TI  - Fluctuating hydrodynamics of the classical electron gas.

PMID- 9961786
TI  - Inversion problem for dense classical liquids: The binary case.

PMID- 9961787
TI  - Transition to large aspect ratio convection.

PMID- 9961788
TI  - Phase dynamics near a parity-breaking instability.

PMID- 9961789
TI  - Average patterns in Faraday waves.

PMID- 9961790
TI  - Conformation of a single polyelectrolyte chain in the Coulombic unscreened limit.

PMID- 9961791
TI  - Surface tension of free-standing liquid-crystal films.

PMID- 9961792
TI  - Global phase diagrams for dipolar fluids.

PMID- 9961793
TI  - Possibility of twist-grain-boundary structure in nonchiral liquid crystals.

PMID- 9961794
TI  - Convex to concave transition and invariant distribution of segment lengths in
      many-walker anisotropic diffusion-limited aggregation.

PMID- 9961796
TI  - Transition from quasiperiodicity to chaos of a soliton oscillator.

PMID- 9961795
TI  - Stimulated Brillouin scattering with a 1 ps laser pulse in a preformed underdense
      plasma.

PMID- 9961798
TI  - Limitation on entropy increase imposed by Fisher information.

PMID- 9961797
TI  - Reversible axial segregation of binary mixtures of granular materials.

PMID- 9961799
TI  - Stochastic resonance: Nonperturbative calculation of power spectra and residence
      time distributions.

PMID- 9961800
TI  - Unidirectional adaptive dynamics.

PMID- 9961801
TI  - Synchronization of unstable orbits using adaptive control.

PMID- 9961802
TI  - Clustering behavior of time-delayed nearest-neighbor coupled oscillators.

PMID- 9961803
TI  - Catalysis on a fractal lattice: A model for poisoning.

PMID- 9961804
TI  - Minimum energy dissipation model for river basin geometry.

PMID- 9961805
TI  - Levy statistics in a Hamiltonian system.

PMID- 9961806
TI  - Multiplicative stochastic resonance.

PMID- 9961807
TI  - Drive-response scenario of chaos synchronization in identical nonlinear systems.

PMID- 9961808
TI  - Nonlinearly coupled generalized Fokker-Planck equation for rotational relaxation.

PMID- 9961810
TI  - Box-counting clustering analysis: Corrections for finite sample effects.

PMID- 9961809
TI  - Dimension of branching processes and self-organized criticality.

PMID- 9961811
TI  - Bivariate thermodynamic formalism and anomalous diffusion.

PMID- 9961812
TI  - Response of a stochastic bistable model driven by strong time-dependent fields.

PMID- 9961813
TI  - Phase-ordering dynamics of the O(n) model: Exact predictions and numerical
      results.

PMID- 9961814
TI  - Surmounting fluctuating barriers: A simple model in discrete time.

PMID- 9961815
TI  - Random walk for interacting particles on a Sierpinski gasket.

PMID- 9961817
TI  - Global vector-field reconstruction by using a multivariate polynomial L2
      approximation on nets.

PMID- 9961816
TI  - Role of nonlinear dissipation in soft Duffing oscillators.

PMID- 9961818
TI  - Creep, stick-slip, and dry-friction dynamics: Experiments and a heuristic model.

PMID- 9961819
TI  - Cooperative behavior in the periodically modulated Wiener process: Noise-induced
      complexity in a model neutron.

PMID- 9961820
TI  - Green's function method for random fuse network problems.

PMID- 9961821
TI  - Stabilization of unstable steady states in an electrochemical system using
      derivative control.

PMID- 9961822
TI  - Scaling and density of Lee-Yang zeros in the four-dimensional Ising model.

PMID- 9961824
TI  - Dynamics of strongly dissipative systems.

PMID- 9961823
TI  - Slow relaxation and phase space properties of a conservative system with many
      degrees of freedom.

PMID- 9961825
TI  - Markov chain analysis of random walks in disordered media.

PMID- 9961827
TI  - Crossover from isotropic to directed percolation.

PMID- 9961826
TI  - Field-theory renormalization approach to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation.

PMID- 9961828
TI  - Stochastic lattice gas model for a predator-prey system.

PMID- 9961829
TI  - Metastable lifetimes in a kinetic Ising model: Dependence on field and system
      size.

PMID- 9961830
TI  - Quantifying the closeness of fractal measures.

PMID- 9961831
TI  - Semiclassical theory of activated diffusion.

PMID- 9961832
TI  - Classical model of bosons and fermions.

PMID- 9961833
TI  - Classical model of intermediate statistics.

PMID- 9961834
TI  - Solution of the Percus-Yevick equation for pair-correlation functions of
      molecular fluids.

PMID- 9961835
TI  - Size and time dependence of the elastic constants of a two-dimensional solid near
      melting.

PMID- 9961836
TI  - Orientational and structural order in strongly interacting dipolar hard spheres.

PMID- 9961837
TI  - Rayleigh peak in a molecular fluid in the presence of a temperature gradient.

PMID- 9961838
TI  - Inhomogeneous random sequential adsorption with equilibrium initial conditions.

PMID- 9961839
TI  - Confined Brownian motion.

PMID- 9961841
TI  - Phase transitions in a continuum model of the classical Heisenberg magnet: The
      ferromagnetic system.

PMID- 9961840
TI  - Phase transitions in simple fluids: An application of a one-phase entropic
      criterion to Lennard-Jones and point Yukawa fluids.

PMID- 9961843
TI  - Development of a turbulence model based on recursion renormalization group
      theory.

PMID- 9961842
TI  - Synthetic turbulence.

PMID- 9961844
TI  - Complex spatiotemporal patterns in an open-flow reactor.

PMID- 9961845
TI  - Spatially forced corotating Taylor-Couette flow.

PMID- 9961846
TI  - Experimental evidence of self-excited relaxation oscillations leading to
      homoclinic behavior in spreading flames.

PMID- 9961847
TI  - Macroscopic and local orientational orders in nematic glass.

PMID- 9961848
TI  - Relationship between dielectric properties and critical behavior of the electric
      birefringence in binary liquid mixtures.

PMID- 9961849
TI  - Nature of the smectic-A-hexatic-B-crystal-E transitions in extremely thin films
      determined by optical reflectivity measurements.

PMID- 9961850
TI  - Dynamics of incompressible fluid membranes.

PMID- 9961851
TI  - Dependence of electrorheological response on conductivity and polarization time.

PMID- 9961853
TI  - Equilibrium shapes of a nematic-smectic-B liquid-crystal interface.

PMID- 9961852
TI  - Elastic equilibrium of curved thin films.

PMID- 9961854
TI  - Scaling analysis of narrow necks in curvature models of fluid lipid-bilayer
      vesicles.

PMID- 9961855
TI  - Multicomponent percolation: Probabilistic properties and application to
      nonisothermal reactions in granular materials.

PMID- 9961856
TI  - Percolation phenomenon in ternary microemulsions: The effect of pressure.

PMID- 9961857
TI  - Electrophoresis of charged polymers: Simulation and scaling in a lattice model of
      reptation.

PMID- 9961858
TI  - Critique of interatomic potentials obtained from neutron diffraction.

PMID- 9961859
TI  - Surface-pressure-induced conformation changes of a polymer liquid crystal at the
      air-water interface.

PMID- 9961861
TI  - Resummation of higher-order terms in the free-energy density of nematic liquid
      crystals.

PMID- 9961860
TI  - Hydrodynamic friction and the capacitance of arbitrarily shaped objects.

PMID- 9961862
TI  - Weighted-superposition approximation for x-ray and neutron reflectance.

PMID- 9961863
TI  - Stochastic contribution to the anchoring energy: Deviation from the Rapini
      Papoular expression.

PMID- 9961864
TI  - Surface effects on spinodal decomposition in binary mixtures and the interplay
      with wetting phenomena.

PMID- 9961865
TI  - Anchoring energy for nematic liquid crystals: Contribution from the spatial
      variation of the elastic constants.

PMID- 9961867
TI  - Diffusing-wave spectroscopy of a flowing foam.

PMID- 9961866
TI  - Budding transitions of fluid-bilayer vesicles: The effect of area-difference
      elasticity.

PMID- 9961869
TI  - Statics and dynamics of a polymer chain adsorbed on a surface: Monte Carlo
      simulation using the bond-fluctuation model.

PMID- 9961868
TI  - Continuum model of mode-III crack propagation with surface friction.

PMID- 9961871
TI  - Statistical mechanics of ionic colloids: Interparticle correlations and
      conformational equilibria in suspensions of polymer coated colloids.

PMID- 9961870
TI  - Scaling structure of tracer dispersion fronts in porous media.

PMID- 9961872
TI  - Transient structures in the twist Freedericksz transition of low-molecular-weight
      nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9961874
TI  - Monte Carlo simulations of a single polymer chain under an external force in two
      and three dimensions.

PMID- 9961873
TI  - Random walk and directed movement: Comparison between inert particles and self
      organized molecular machines.

PMID- 9961875
TI  - Directional solidification at high speed. I. Secondary instabilities.

PMID- 9961876
TI  - Directional solidification at high speed. II. Transition to chaos.

PMID- 9961877
TI  - Revised parametrization of the Dillmann-Meier theory of homogeneous nucleation.

PMID- 9961878
TI  - Exactly solvable models of irreversible adsorption with particle spreading.

PMID- 9961879
TI  - Theory of plasmons in quasi-one-dimensional degenerate plasmas.

PMID- 9961880
TI  - Attractors of dissipative structure in three dissipative fluids.

PMID- 9961882
TI  - Temporal relaxation of excited-level populations of atoms and ions in a plasma:
      Validity range of the quasi-steady-state solution of coupled rate equations.

PMID- 9961881
TI  - Angularly resolved observations of sidescattered laser light from laser-produced
      plasmas.

PMID- 9961884
TI  - Jeans instability of a dusty plasma.

PMID- 9961883
TI  - Simulation of negative-streamer dynamics in nitrogen.

PMID- 9961885
TI  - Two-dimensional, hybrid model of low-pressure glow discharges.

PMID- 9961886
TI  - Two-dimensional one-component plasma at coupling Gamma =4: Numerical study of
      pair correlations.

PMID- 9961887
TI  - Characterization of laser plasmas for interaction studies.

PMID- 9961888
TI  - Plasma diagnostics with spectral profile calculations.

PMID- 9961889
TI  - Space-resolved density diagnostic of a highly ionized holmium (Z=67) laser
      produced plasma from 3d104l-3d104l' Cu I-like lines.

PMID- 9961890
TI  - Generation of ultrafast electrons by simultaneous stimulated Raman backward and
      forward scattering.

PMID- 9961892
TI  - Dynamical behavior of a free-electron laser operating with a prebunched electron
      beam.

PMID- 9961891
TI  - Compensation of time-dependent persistent current effects in superconducting
      synchrotrons.

PMID- 9961893
TI  - Nonlinear properties of the Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij equilibrium and envelope
      equation for an intense charged-particle beam in a periodic focusing field.

PMID- 9961894
TI  - Model for negative-ion extraction, acceleration, and beam transport.

PMID- 9961896
TI  - Single particle dynamics at synchro-betatron coupling resonances.

PMID- 9961895
TI  - Effects of tune modulation on particles trapped in one-dimensional resonance
      islands.

PMID- 9961897
TI  - Parametric resonances in synchrotrons with two rf systems.

PMID- 9961899
TI  - Exact N-soliton solutions of the extended nonlinear Schrodinger equation.

PMID- 9961898
TI  - Time-dependent Beltrami fields in free space: Dyadic Green functions and
      radiation potentials.

PMID- 9961900
TI  - Approximate interacting solitary wave solutions for a pair of coupled nonlinear
      Schrodinger equations.

PMID- 9961901
TI  - Dynamics of solitonlike pulse propagation in birefringent optical fibers.

PMID- 9961902
TI  - Directed waves in random media: An analytical calculation.

PMID- 9961904
TI  - Structure of domain walls in an oscillator array.

PMID- 9961903
TI  - Soliton dynamics in periodically modulated directional couplers.

PMID- 9961905
TI  - Polarization properties of Maxwell-Gaussian laser beams.

PMID- 9961906
TI  - Vibration modes of a gap soliton in a nonlinear optical medium.

PMID- 9961908
TI  - Topological solitons in polyethylene crystals.

PMID- 9961907
TI  - Analytical theory of zone plate efficiency.

PMID- 9961909
TI  - Capacity of the multilayer perceptron with discrete synaptic couplings.

PMID- 9961910
TI  - Information processing of a complex system: Response behaviors specified by the
      Weierstrass function.

PMID- 9961911
TI  - Computation by symmetry operations in a structured model of the brain:
      Recognition of rotational invariance and time reversal.

PMID- 9961912
TI  - Critical phenomena in self-organizing feature maps: Ginzburg-Landau approach.

PMID- 9961913
TI  - Dynamical growth rate of a diffuse interface in first-order phase transitions.

PMID- 9961915
TI  - Stochastic resonance as crisis.

PMID- 9961914
TI  - Analysis of anomalous diffusion in the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation.

PMID- 9961916
TI  - Persistent correlations in the motion of a Brownian particle interacting with a
      finite-size random environment.

PMID- 9961917
TI  - Characterization of the attractor governing the neon bulb RC relaxation
      oscillator.

PMID- 9961918
TI  - Survival probability with random-force-dominated dynamics in the presence of
      traps.

PMID- 9961919
TI  - Phase transitions in a nonequilibrium Potts model: A Monte Carlo study of
      critical behavior.

PMID- 9961920
TI  - Formation of shocks and breakup of wave patterns in anisotropic excitable media.

PMID- 9961922
TI  - Separation ratio, Dufour number, and advection-diffusion equations of Lorentz gas
      mixtures.

PMID- 9961921
TI  - Solvent Stokes-Einstein violation in aqueous protein solutions.

PMID- 9961923
TI  - Simple model of trapping electrophoresis with complicated transient dynamics.

PMID- 9961925
TI  - Gap solitons in damped and parametrically driven nonlinear diatomic lattices.

PMID- 9961924
TI  - Plasma spectroscopy of n=4 to 3 C IV and N V lines in hot and dense plasmas.

PMID- 9961926
TI  - Canonical transformation between integrable Henon-Heiles systems.

PMID- 9961927
TI  - Evolution and extinction of families in cellular automata.

PMID- 9961928
TI  - Comment on "Fractal study of tertiary structure of proteins"

PMID- 9961930
TI  - Damage spreading during domain growth.

PMID- 9961929
TI  - Erratum: Order-parameter flow in the fully connected Hopfield model near
      saturation

PMID- 9961931
TI  - Traces of ghost orbits in the quantum standard map.

PMID- 9961932
TI  - Molecular dynamics simulations of hot, dense hydrogen.

PMID- 9961933
TI  - Probability distribution function of the temperature increment in isotropic
      turbulence.

PMID- 9961934
TI  - Fast thermalization in supercritical fluids.

PMID- 9961935
TI  - Transition to spatiotemporal chaos via spatially subharmonic oscillations of a
      periodic front.

PMID- 9961936
TI  - Domain growth laws for the phase ordering of chiral liquid crystals.

PMID- 9961938
TI  - Continuum approach to diffusion-limited-aggregation type of growth.

PMID- 9961937
TI  - Nature of the layer-by-layer transition associated with the smectic-A-crystal-B
      transition in free-standing liquid-crystal films.

PMID- 9961939
TI  - Interaction of subpicosecond KrF laser pulses with a preformed carbon plasma.

PMID- 9961941
TI  - Space-charge effects on nonlinear amplification of inverse bremsstrahlung
      electron acceleration.

PMID- 9961940
TI  - Measurements of radiation heat transport in germanium: Validationinebreak of an
      opacity model.

PMID- 9961943
TI  - Exact results for diffusion-limited reactions with synchronous dynamics.

PMID- 9961942
TI  - Hysteresis in neural networks.

PMID- 9961944
TI  - Structure and parameters of clusters in traffic flow.

PMID- 9961945
TI  - Scaling of Lyapunov exponents at nonsmooth bifurcations.

PMID- 9961946
TI  - Critical behavior of random walks.

PMID- 9961947
TI  - q bosons as quasifermions.

PMID- 9961948
TI  - Disorder-induced unbinding in confined geometries.

PMID- 9961950
TI  - Time-resolved optical spectrum for transient resonant light scattering.

PMID- 9961949
TI  - Resonant activation in a simple kinetic model.

PMID- 9961952
TI  - Chaos-assisted tunneling.

PMID- 9961953
TI  - Spatiotemporally periodic patterns in symmetrically coupled map lattices.

PMID- 9961951
TI  - Complexity in quantum systems.

PMID- 9961955
TI  - Chaotic patterns in a Josephson junction model.

PMID- 9961954
TI  - Projection dynamics of highly dissipative systems.

PMID- 9961956
TI  - Lattice models of failure: Sensitivity to the local dynamics.

PMID- 9961957
TI  - Dynamical simulation of a quantum harmonic oscillator in a noble-gas bath by
      density-matrix evolution.

PMID- 9961958
TI  - Non-neutral dynamics of splay states in Josephson-junction arrays.

PMID- 9961959
TI  - Nonequilibrium influence of upward atomic mobility in one-dimensional molecular
      beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9961961
TI  - Propagative slipping modes in a spring-block model.

PMID- 9961960
TI  - Discontinuous scaling of hysteresis losses.

PMID- 9961962
TI  - Predictability of self-organizing systems.

PMID- 9961964
TI  - Prerecorded history of a system as an experimental tool to control chaos.

PMID- 9961963
TI  - Stochastic multifractality and universal scaling distributions.

PMID- 9961965
TI  - Temperature and velocity boundary layers in turbulent convection.

PMID- 9961966
TI  - Convection in chemical waves.

PMID- 9961967
TI  - Multifractal scaling from nonlinear turbulence dynamics: Analytical methods.

PMID- 9961968
TI  - Hydrodynamics of fingering instabilities in dipolar fluids.

PMID- 9961969
TI  - Downstream evolution of the Benard-von Karman instability.

PMID- 9961970
TI  - Tracking unstable orbits in chaos using dissipative feedback control.

PMID- 9961971
TI  - Polymer systems with attractive interactions: Polyelectrolyte complex formation.

PMID- 9961972
TI  - Fractal growth in hydrodynamic dispersion through random porous media.

PMID- 9961973
TI  - Forces between polymer brushes: Monte Carlo simulation of a continuous-space
      model.

PMID- 9961974
TI  - Simulation study of a two-dimensional system of semiflexible polymers.

PMID- 9961975
TI  - Orientation of a solid particle embedded in a monodomain nematic liquid crystal.

PMID- 9961976
TI  - X-ray diffraction study of the smectic-A-tilde fluid antiphase and its
      transitions to smectic-A1 and smectic-A2 phases.

PMID- 9961978
TI  - Thermodynamic perturbation theory for association into chains and rings.

PMID- 9961977
TI  - Multiple front propagation into unstable states.

PMID- 9961979
TI  - Unusual lyotropic polymorphism of deoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphate: X-ray
      diffraction analysis of the correlation between self-assembling and phase
      behavior.

PMID- 9961981
TI  - Electrodeposition of a two-dimensional silver dendritic crystal under Langmuir
      monolayers.

PMID- 9961980
TI  - Universal scaling of fluid permeability for sphere packings.

PMID- 9961982
TI  - Textures of surfactant monolayers.

PMID- 9961984
TI  - Dynamics of concentration fluctuations in polymer solutions with spatiotemporal
      correlated noise.

PMID- 9961983
TI  - Wetting transition of a binary liquid due to suppression of electrostatic forces.

PMID- 9961985
TI  - Modified formula of nonlocal electron transport in a laser-produced plasma.

PMID- 9961986
TI  - Theory of strong-electromagnetic-wave propagation in an electron-positron-ion
      plasma.

PMID- 9961987
TI  - Model of a laser heated plasma interacting with walls arising in laser keyhole
      welding.

PMID- 9961988
TI  - Solution of the effective wave equation by perturbation theory in a dense
      hydrogen plasma.

PMID- 9961989
TI  - Transient ultrahigh gains as a diagnostic in short-pulse heated selenium plasmas.

PMID- 9961990
TI  - Plasma instabilities in high electric fields.

PMID- 9961991
TI  - Electron velocity distribution function at low electron densities in the positive
      column of a helium gas discharge.

PMID- 9961993
TI  - Nonlinear theory of magnetic fluctuations in random flow: The Hall effect.

PMID- 9961992
TI  - Nonlinear theory of surface-wave-particle interactions in a cylindrical plasma.

PMID- 9961994
TI  - Asymptotic behavior of guiding-center diffusion in a model of electrostatic
      turbulence.

PMID- 9961995
TI  - Bootstrap current generation by symmetrically injected lower-hybrid waves in a
      tokamak plasma.

PMID- 9961996
TI  - Electron-temperature and electron-density profiles in an atmospheric-pressure
      argon plasma jet.

PMID- 9961998
TI  - Integrable polynomial factorization for symplectic systems.

PMID- 9961997
TI  - Transverse equilibria and luminosity enhancement in linear collider beam-beam
      collisions.

PMID- 9962000
TI  - Charge distribution and electric field effects on spatiotemporal patterns.

PMID- 9961999
TI  - Multiperiodic orbits in a pendulum with a vertically oscillating pivot.

PMID- 9962001
TI  - Inversion of conductivity profiles using the Volterra functional method.

PMID- 9962002
TI  - Influence of molecular reorientation on electronic energy transfer between a pair
      of mobile chromophores: The stochastic Liouville equation combined with Brownian
      dynamic simulation techniques.

PMID- 9962004
TI  - Computational capabilities of restricted two-layered perceptrons.

PMID- 9962003
TI  - Numerical method for large-scale non-Hermitian matrices and its application to
      percolating Heisenberg antiferromagnets.

PMID- 9962005
TI  - Chaos and avoided level crossings.

PMID- 9962006
TI  - Annihilation reaction A+A-->0 with diffusion and interaction between particles in
      disordered structures.

PMID- 9962008
TI  - Kinetics of two-species ballistic annihilation.

PMID- 9962007
TI  - Practical considerations in the control of chaos.

PMID- 9962009
TI  - Generalization of the Kolmogorov -5/3 law of turbulence.

PMID- 9962010
TI  - Phase transition of molecular orientation at the liquid-air interface.

PMID- 9962011
TI  - Model incorporating deposition, diffusion, and aggregation in submonolayer
      nanostructures.

PMID- 9962012
TI  - Multilinear perceptron convergence theorem.

PMID- 9962013
TI  - Comment on "Spiral-pattern formation in Rayleigh-Benard convection"

PMID- 9962014
TI  - Erratum: Activated decay rate: Finite-barrier corrections

PMID- 9962016
TI  - Density patterns in two-dimensional hoppers.

PMID- 9962015
TI  - Superconducting billiard cavities with chaotic dynamics: An experimental test of
      statistical measures.

PMID- 9962017
TI  - Corner spontaneous magnetization.

PMID- 9962018
TI  - Advanced chaos forecasting.

PMID- 9962020
TI  - Spectra of fluctuations of velocity, kinetic energy, and the dissipation rate in
      strong turbulence.

PMID- 9962019
TI  - Dynamics of hard-sphere suspensions.

PMID- 9962022
TI  - Inelastic collapse in two dimensions.

PMID- 9962021
TI  - Class of nonsingular exact solutions for Laplacian pattern formation.

PMID- 9962023
TI  - Calorimetric investigation of the smectic-C-smectic-I transition in free-standing
      p-decyloxybenzylidene-p-amino-2-methylbutylcinnamate films.

PMID- 9962025
TI  - Ring dark solitons.

PMID- 9962024
TI  - Wake-field effect induced by laser multiple pulses.

PMID- 9962026
TI  - Nonlinear resonance for the oscillator with a nonmonotonic dependence of
      eigenfrequency on energy.

PMID- 9962027
TI  - Physics of a random biological process.

PMID- 9962029
TI  - Mean-field Monte Carlo approach to the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model with
      asymmetric couplings.

PMID- 9962028
TI  - Parametrically driven microparticle in the presence of a stationary zero-mean
      stochastic source: Model for thermal equilibrium in the Paul trap.

PMID- 9962030
TI  - Quantum dynamics of molecular motions based on a functional method.

PMID- 9962031
TI  - Suppression of deterministic diffusion by noise.

PMID- 9962032
TI  - Localized structures and front propagation in the Lengyel-Epstein model.

PMID- 9962033
TI  - Inhibition of chaos in Hamiltonian systems by periodic pulses.

PMID- 9962034
TI  - Fractal characterization of two-dimensional aluminum corrosion fronts.

PMID- 9962035
TI  - First-order kinetic phase transitions in simple reactions on solid surfaces:
      Nucleation and growth of the stable phase.

PMID- 9962036
TI  - Wave-packet initial motion, spreading, and energy in the periodically kicked
      pendulum.

PMID- 9962037
TI  - Thermally activated escape over time-modulated fluctuating barriers.

PMID- 9962038
TI  - Selection of length distributions in living polymers.

PMID- 9962039
TI  - Road to fractals in a Yang-Mills system.

PMID- 9962041
TI  - Generating functional approach to space- and time-dependent colored noise.

PMID- 9962040
TI  - Kac's solution of the telegrapher's equation for tunneling time analysis: An
      application of the wavelet formalism.

PMID- 9962042
TI  - Kinetics of clustering in traffic flows.

PMID- 9962043
TI  - Long-range correlations in degenerate multicomponent systems of charged fermions.

PMID- 9962044
TI  - Energy localization and delocalization in a nonlinear chain on a substrate.

PMID- 9962046
TI  - Influence of boundary reflection and refraction on diffusive photon transport.

PMID- 9962045
TI  - Statistical cycling in coupled map lattices.

PMID- 9962047
TI  - Crumpled phases of self-avoiding randomly polymerized membranes.

PMID- 9962048
TI  - Symmetry in phase space for a system with a singular higher-order Lagrangian.

PMID- 9962049
TI  - Chaos and quantum thermalization.

PMID- 9962051
TI  - Quasienergy-band structure of a periodically driven system with translational
      symmetry.

PMID- 9962050
TI  - Floquet analysis of quantum resonance in a driven nonlinear system.

PMID- 9962053
TI  - Controlling chaos experimentally in systems exhibiting large effective Lyapunov
      exponents.

PMID- 9962052
TI  - Solid-on-solid models of molecular-beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9962055
TI  - Exact solutions for stochastic adsorption-desorption models and catalytic surface
      processes.

PMID- 9962054
TI  - Exact long-time behavior of a network of phase oscillators under random fields.

PMID- 9962056
TI  - Hypersensitivity to perturbation in the quantum kicked top.

PMID- 9962058
TI  - Stick-slip dynamics in the relaxation of stresses in a continuous elastic medium.

PMID- 9962057
TI  - Generalized Markov coarse graining and spectral decompositions of chaotic
      piecewise linear maps.

PMID- 9962059
TI  - Numerical study of a morphology diagram in the large undercooling limit using a
      phase-field model.

PMID- 9962060
TI  - Scaling laws and simulation results for the self-organized critical forest-fire
      model.

PMID- 9962061
TI  - Simple model for quantum chaos.

PMID- 9962062
TI  - Two-loop renormalization-group analysis of the Burgers-Kardar-Parisi-Zhang
      equation.

PMID- 9962063
TI  - Scaling and crossover in the large-N model for growth kinetics.

PMID- 9962065
TI  - Thermodynamics of attractor enlargement.

PMID- 9962064
TI  - Estimation of a Lyapunov-exponent spectrum of plasma chaos.

PMID- 9962066
TI  - Absence of chaos in a self-organized critical coupled map lattice.

PMID- 9962067
TI  - Eigenspectrum and localization for diffusion with traps.

PMID- 9962068
TI  - Passage rates of propagating interfaces in randomly advected media and
      heterogeneous media.

PMID- 9962070
TI  - Winding-angle distribution for Brownian and self-avoiding walks.

PMID- 9962069
TI  - Current-current correlation function in a driven diffusive system with
      nonconserving noise.

PMID- 9962071
TI  - Damage spreading in the Ziff-Gulari-Barshad model.

PMID- 9962072
TI  - Binary-collision contributions to atomic motions in fluids.

PMID- 9962073
TI  - Transport in a random medium with spatial correlations.

PMID- 9962074
TI  - Structure of confined adhesive fluids: A Monte Carlo study.

PMID- 9962075
TI  - Self- and cross-velocity correlation functions and diffusion coefficients in
      liquids: A molecular dynamics study of binary mixtures of soft spheres.

PMID- 9962076
TI  - Interplay of reaction and transport in a perfect fluid.

PMID- 9962077
TI  - Sound propagation in magnetic fluids.

PMID- 9962079
TI  - Wave number selection in convection and related problems.

PMID- 9962078
TI  - Periodic states in intermittent pipe flows: Experiment and model.

PMID- 9962080
TI  - Marangoni convection in binary liquids.

PMID- 9962082
TI  - Pattern selection at the onset of Rayleigh-Benard convection in a horizontal
      shear flow.

PMID- 9962081
TI  - Vortex filament stability and boundary layer dynamics.

PMID- 9962084
TI  - Brownian dynamics of hard spherocylinders.

PMID- 9962083
TI  - Hamilton-Lagrange formalism of nonequilibrium thermodynamics.

PMID- 9962085
TI  - Molecular dynamics simulations of phase separation in the presence of
      surfactants.

PMID- 9962086
TI  - Alternative method of investigating surface torsional anchoring energy for pure
      nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9962087
TI  - Elastic response of the Dirac chain.

PMID- 9962089
TI  - Viscoelasticity of concentrated dispersions.

PMID- 9962088
TI  - Fluctuating hydrodynamics and diffusion in amorphous solids.

PMID- 9962090
TI  - Vapor-liquid phase equilibrium in random microporous matrices.

PMID- 9962091
TI  - Order parameter in the vicinity of the double critical point of stratification.

PMID- 9962092
TI  - Application of the dynamical droplet model to critical nonionic amphiphile-water
      micellar solutions.

PMID- 9962094
TI  - Statistical mechanics of proteins with "evolutionary selected" sequences.

PMID- 9962093
TI  - Dimple and nose coalescences in phase-separation processes.

PMID- 9962095
TI  - Percolation phenomenon on fluorinated perfluoropolyether water in oil
      microemulsions: The effect of temperature.

PMID- 9962097
TI  - Fluctuating interfaces in microemulsion and sponge phases.

PMID- 9962096
TI  - Extraction of the bridge function for simple liquids from a molecular dynamics
      simulation and its application for correcting the pair distribution function.

PMID- 9962098
TI  - Molecular-dynamics simulation on simple fluids: Departure from linearized
      hydrodynamic behavior of the dynamical structure factor.

PMID- 9962100
TI  - Mean shape of three-dimensional dendrites: A comparison of pivalic acid and
      ammonium chloride.

PMID- 9962099
TI  - Low-frequency ac electrical resistivity of liquid gallium and its relationship
      with the dynamic structure factor.

PMID- 9962102
TI  - Studies of aggregation kinetics of polystyrene latices sterically stabilized by
      poly(N-isopropylacrylamide).

PMID- 9962101
TI  - Influence of global coupling through the gas phase on the dynamics of CO
      oxidation on Pt(110).

PMID- 9962103
TI  - Fractal to nonfractal behavior of vapor-deposited gold surfaces and the
      relationship to the substrate temperature.

PMID- 9962105
TI  - Soft-x-ray amplification in a capillary discharge.

PMID- 9962104
TI  - Nucleation of long-range order in quenched Yukawa plasmas.

PMID- 9962107
TI  - Dependence of turbulent mixing on the initial roughness in the evaporation front
      with continuous density profile at the interface.

PMID- 9962106
TI  - Absorption spectroscopy on the argon first excited state in an expanding thermal
      arc plasma.

PMID- 9962108
TI  - Electric field strengths, ion energy distributions, and ion density decay for low
      pressure, moderate-current nitrogen discharges.

PMID- 9962109
TI  - Fokker-Planck simulations of short-pulse-laser-solid experiments.

PMID- 9962110
TI  - Scattering of electromagnetic waves in dusty plasmas with variable charges on
      dust particles.

PMID- 9962111
TI  - Effect of longitudinal modulation of Alfven wave filamentation.

PMID- 9962112
TI  - Numerical analysis of quasiperiodic perturbations for the Alfven wave.

PMID- 9962113
TI  - Renormalization-group theory of plasma microturbulence.

PMID- 9962114
TI  - Exponentially temporally growing magnetic moment field of stimulated Brillouin
      scattering in plasma.

PMID- 9962115
TI  - Near-equilibrium multiple-wave plasma states.

PMID- 9962116
TI  - Diagnostics of an electron beam of a linear accelerator using coherent transition
      radiation.

PMID- 9962118
TI  - Microwave inverse free-electron-laser accelerator using a small "phase window"

PMID- 9962117
TI  - Effect of a polarized hydrogen target on the polarization of a stored proton
      beam.

PMID- 9962119
TI  - Radial focusing of a relativistic electron beam in a bipotential electrostatic
      lens.

PMID- 9962120
TI  - Longitudinal and transverse impedance of an iris in a beam pipe.

PMID- 9962122
TI  - Resonant splitting of a vector soliton in a periodically inhomogeneous
      birefringent optical fiber.

PMID- 9962121
TI  - Fokker-Planck approach to the dynamics of mismatched charged-particle beams.

PMID- 9962123
TI  - Coupled higher-order nonlinear Schrodinger equations in nonlinear optics:
      Painleve analysis and integrability.

PMID- 9962124
TI  - Analytical one-dimensional model to study the ultrasonic precursor generated by a
      laser.

PMID- 9962125
TI  - Envelope soliton propagation in media with temporally modulated dispersion.

PMID- 9962126
TI  - Generalized Euler equations for linked rigid bodies.

PMID- 9962127
TI  - Optical domain walls.

PMID- 9962128
TI  - Forced Bonhoeffer-van der Pol oscillator in its excited mode.

PMID- 9962129
TI  - Phase diagram of microtubules.

PMID- 9962130
TI  - Dynamical and critical behavior of a simple discrete model of the cellular immune
      system.

PMID- 9962131
TI  - Oscillations, complex spatiotemporal behavior, and information transport in
      networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons.

PMID- 9962132
TI  - Pseudorandom number generator for massively parallel molecular-dynamics
      simulations.

PMID- 9962133
TI  - Boundary conditions for the Schrodinger equation in the numerical simulation of
      quantum systems.

PMID- 9962134
TI  - Parallel simulation of the Ising model.

PMID- 9962135
TI  - Simulation of phase ordering kinetics in conserved scalar systems with long-range
      interactions.

PMID- 9962136
TI  - Effect of a chirp on soliton production.

PMID- 9962137
TI  - Intermittency in a stochastic birth-death model.

PMID- 9962138
TI  - Synchronization of chaos using continuous control.

PMID- 9962139
TI  - Equilibrium microstates which generate second law violating steady states.

PMID- 9962140
TI  - Crossover region in the aggregation of colloids.

PMID- 9962141
TI  - Bifurcations of homoclinic orbits in bimodal maps.

PMID- 9962142
TI  - Langevin equations for continuous time Levy flights.

PMID- 9962143
TI  - Dynamics of curved domain boundaries in convection patterns.

PMID- 9962144
TI  - Kuppers-Lortz instability in a rapidly rotating inviscid magnetoconvection.

PMID- 9962146
TI  - Water content in micelles and the Laplace formula.

PMID- 9962145
TI  - Lower bound for transport for passive advection.

PMID- 9962147
TI  - Surface-induced nucleation.

PMID- 9962148
TI  - Micellar growth in hexagonal phases of lipid systems.

PMID- 9962150
TI  - Nematic liquid crystals between antagonistic cylinders: Spirals with bend-splay
      director undulations.

PMID- 9962149
TI  - Frequency shift of a quartz crystal oscillator bounded by a self-affine fractal
      rough surface in contact with a liquid.

PMID- 9962152
TI  - Stationary convection in a cylindrical plasma.

PMID- 9962151
TI  - Orientation symmetry breakings in shearing liquid crystals.

PMID- 9962153
TI  - Solitary electrostatic waves in a thin plasma slab.

PMID- 9962154
TI  - Nonlocal electron transport in the presence of high-intensity laser irradiation.

PMID- 9962155
TI  - Weak chaos in one-dimensional quantum transport: The 1/f2 law and the breakdown
      of the law of large numbers.

PMID- 9962156
TI  - Model for an enzymatic reaction-diffusion system realizing storage of graded
      information.

PMID- 9962157
TI  - Period-doubling bifurcations and chaos in the decremental propagation of a spike
      train in excitable media.

PMID- 9962158
TI  - Reexamination of the depolarized-light-scattering spectra of glass-forming
      liquids.

PMID- 9962160
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Light-scattering investigation of alpha and beta relaxation
      near the liquid-glass transition of the molecular glass Salol' " and
      "Reexamination of the depolarized-light-scattering spectra of glass-forming
      liquids"

PMID- 9962159
TI  - Comment on "Light-scattering investigation of alpha and beta relaxation near the
      liquid-glass transition of the molecular glass Salol"

PMID- 9962161
TI  - Erratum: Neural networks optimally trained with noisy data

PMID- 9962162
TI  - Dynamic fuse model for electromigration failure of polycrystalline metal films.

PMID- 9962163
TI  - Lacunarity, fractal, and magnetic transition behaviors in a generalized Eden
      growth process.

PMID- 9962165
TI  - Scaling theory of depinning in the Sneppen model.

PMID- 9962164
TI  - Width distribution for random-walk interfaces.

PMID- 9962166
TI  - Some simple chaotic flows.

PMID- 9962167
TI  - Optimization by multicanonical annealing and the traveling salesman problem.

PMID- 9962169
TI  - Parametric S-matrix fluctuations in the quantum theory of chaotic scattering.

PMID- 9962168
TI  - Rate concept and retarded master equations for dissipative tight-binding models.

PMID- 9962170
TI  - Time-dependent gradients of growing interfaces.

PMID- 9962171
TI  - Elastic excitable medium.

PMID- 9962172
TI  - Scale similarity of the velocity structure functions in fully developed
      magnetohydrodynamic turbulence.

PMID- 9962173
TI  - Small-angle neutron-scattering study of dense sheared silica gels.

PMID- 9962174
TI  - Energy spectra of quasiperiodic systems via information entropy.

PMID- 9962175
TI  - Free-energy profiles and scaling in polymer brushes.

PMID- 9962176
TI  - Relativistic self-focusing and channel formation in laser-plasma interactions.

PMID- 9962177
TI  - X-ray reemission from CH foils heated by laser-generated intense thermal
      radiation.

PMID- 9962178
TI  - Moving solitons in the damped Ablowitz-Ladik model driven by a standing wave.

PMID- 9962179
TI  - Structure in the electric potential emanating from DNA.

PMID- 9962180
TI  - Statistical mechanics of the maximum-likelihood density estimation.

PMID- 9962181
TI  - Failure of dimension analysis in a simple five-dimensional system.

PMID- 9962182
TI  - Intrinsic irreversibility and the validity of the kinetic description of chaotic
      systems.

PMID- 9962183
TI  - Theory of Levy matrices.

PMID- 9962185
TI  - Importance of interfacial coupling on the formation and growth of metastable
      phases.

PMID- 9962184
TI  - Scaling exponents for turbulence and other random processes and their
      relationships with multifractal structure.

PMID- 9962186
TI  - Propagation and extinction in branching annihilating random walks.

PMID- 9962187
TI  - Estimation of the dimension of a noisy attractor.

PMID- 9962188
TI  - Application of the slaving principle to nonlinear non-Markovian systems.

PMID- 9962190
TI  - State scarring by "ghosts" of periodic orbits.

PMID- 9962189
TI  - Synchronous chaos in coupled oscillator systems.

PMID- 9962191
TI  - Synchronization of spatiotemporal chaotic systems by feedback control.

PMID- 9962192
TI  - Phase-ordering kinetics of one-dimensional nonconserved scalar systems.

PMID- 9962193
TI  - Phase transition in a heteropolymer chain at a selective interface.

PMID- 9962194
TI  - Critical behavior of period doubling in coupled area-preserving maps.

PMID- 9962195
TI  - Numerical transfer-matrix study of a model with competing metastable states.

PMID- 9962196
TI  - Decay of quasibounded classical Hamiltonian systems and their internal dynamics.

PMID- 9962197
TI  - Applying algorithmic complexity to define chaos in the motion of complex systems.

PMID- 9962198
TI  - History-dependent control of unstable periodic orbits.

PMID- 9962199
TI  - Crossover in rescaled-range analysis and power spectra: Measurements and
      simulations.

PMID- 9962200
TI  - Mean exit times for free inertial stochastic processes.

PMID- 9962202
TI  - Krypton clusters adsorbed on graphite: A low-temperature commensurate
      incommensurate transition.

PMID- 9962201
TI  - Chaotic scattering in the presence of an external magnetic field.

PMID- 9962203
TI  - Temperature dependence of pair correlations and correlation entropy in a fluid.

PMID- 9962205
TI  - Phase diagram for coherent vortex formation in the two-dimensional inviscid fluid
      in circular geometries.

PMID- 9962204
TI  - Turbulent domain stabilization in annular flows.

PMID- 9962206
TI  - Nonlinear hydrodynamic instability of expanding flames: Intrinsic dynamics.

PMID- 9962207
TI  - Interface dynamics and domain growth in thermally bistable fluids.

PMID- 9962208
TI  - Low-wave-number statistics of randomly advected passive scalars.

PMID- 9962209
TI  - Translation-rotation paradox for diffusion in fragile glass-forming liquids.

PMID- 9962210
TI  - Size-dependent scaling of capillary invasion including buoyancy and pore size
      distribution effects.

PMID- 9962212
TI  - Experimental determination of the effective splay-bend elastic constant.

PMID- 9962211
TI  - Single-chain statistics and the upper wave-vector cutoff in polymer blends.

PMID- 9962213
TI  - Contaminant diffusion in a random array of fixed parallel cylinders at high
      Reynolds numbers.

PMID- 9962214
TI  - Dielectric study of the electroclinic effect in the smectic-A phase.

PMID- 9962215
TI  - "Soliton" solutions in a field theory of microemulsion.

PMID- 9962216
TI  - Walls of orientation induced in nematic-liquid-crystal samples by inhomogeneous
      surfaces.

PMID- 9962217
TI  - Direct evaluation of length scales and structural parameters associated with flow
      in porous media.

PMID- 9962218
TI  - Equilibrium properties of a polymer chain in an Euler fluid.

PMID- 9962219
TI  - Kinetic properties of ballistic aggregation.

PMID- 9962221
TI  - Continuum description of noiseless diffusion-limited aggregation.

PMID- 9962220
TI  - NO-CO surface reaction on a square lattice.

PMID- 9962223
TI  - Temporal characteristics of backscattered light from a KrF laser-produced plasma.

PMID- 9962222
TI  - Optimization of K-shell emission in aluminum z-pinch implosions: Theory versus
      experiment.

PMID- 9962224
TI  - Two-dimensional stimulated Brillouin scattering.

PMID- 9962225
TI  - Time-resolved x-ray fluorescence of He-like ions in an aluminum-laser-produced
      plasma.

PMID- 9962226
TI  - Induced electrostatic fields in dense plasmas with an intense ultrashort pulse
      laser.

PMID- 9962227
TI  - Efficient K alpha x-ray source from femtosecond laser-produced plasmas.

PMID- 9962228
TI  - Effect of a large-amplitude wave on the one-dimensional velocity distribution of
      particles in a linearized Fokker-Planck collisional plasma.

PMID- 9962229
TI  - Propagation velocity of Alfven wave packets in a dissipative plasma.

PMID- 9962230
TI  - Theory of electron retardation by Langmuir probes in anisotropic plasmas.

PMID- 9962232
TI  - Variational approach to the Zakharov-Shabat scattering problem.

PMID- 9962231
TI  - Space and time dependence of the electric field and plasma induced emission in
      transient and steady-state hollow cathode discharges.

PMID- 9962233
TI  - Gap solitons in anharmonic one-dimensional asymmetrical physical systems with Kac
      Baker long-range interactions.

PMID- 9962234
TI  - Hamiltonians for discrete dynamics.

PMID- 9962235
TI  - Benjamin-Feir-type instability in a saturated ferrite: Transition between
      focusing and defocusing regimes for polarized electromagnetic waves.

PMID- 9962236
TI  - Birefringence by a smoothly inhomogeneous locally isotropic medium: Three
      dimensional case.

PMID- 9962237
TI  - Localized excitations in two-dimensional Hamiltonian lattices.

PMID- 9962239
TI  - Dynamics of compartmental model recurrent neural networks.

PMID- 9962238
TI  - Characteristics of spatiotemporal fluctuations of temperature in living tissue.

PMID- 9962241
TI  - Continuous feedback approach for controlling chaos.

PMID- 9962240
TI  - Extensions to the distributed approximating functional: The harmonic propagator.

PMID- 9962242
TI  - Kinetics in coagulation-annihilation processes.

PMID- 9962243
TI  - Nonlinear feedback for controlling the Lorenz equation.

PMID- 9962244
TI  - Stabilizing unstable periodic orbits in a fast diode resonator using continuous
      time-delay autosynchronization.

PMID- 9962245
TI  - Time-dependent density-functional theory with H theorems.

PMID- 9962246
TI  - Nonequilibrium statistical-mechanical approach to discrete-time dynamics.

PMID- 9962248
TI  - Anomalous segregation at a single trap in disordered chains.

PMID- 9962247
TI  - Proliferation law of periodic orbits of an integrable billiard as obtained from
      the eigenvalue spectrum.

PMID- 9962249
TI  - Interfacial finger cells in a system coupling steady Soret-driven convection and
      solidification.

PMID- 9962250
TI  - Generalized nonlinear impurity in a linear chain.

PMID- 9962251
TI  - X-ray or neutron reflectivity: Limitations in the determination of interfacial
      profiles.

PMID- 9962252
TI  - Self-consistent mean-field calculation of surface segregation in a binary polymer
      blend.

PMID- 9962253
TI  - Brownian dynamics simulations of self-diffusion and shear viscosity of near-hard
      sphere colloids.

PMID- 9962254
TI  - Statistics of Stokes variables for correlated Gaussian fields.

PMID- 9962255
TI  - Erratum: Critical dimensionalities of phase transitions on fractals

PMID- 9962256
TI  - Oscillatory instability of crack propagations in quasistatic fracture.

PMID- 9962257
TI  - Molecular dynamics simulations of self-avoiding tethered membranes with
      attractive interactions: Search for a crumpled phase.

PMID- 9962258
TI  - Simulations of deposition growth models in various dimensions: The possible
      importance of overhangs.

PMID- 9962260
TI  - Pattern selection of multicrack propagation in quenched crystals.

PMID- 9962259
TI  - Extended self-similarity in the numerical simulation of three-dimensional
      homogeneous flows.

PMID- 9962262
TI  - Flow-induced scattering peak in the structure factor of polymer solutions.

PMID- 9962261
TI  - Phase separation in a dilute polymer solution in a metastable region.

PMID- 9962263
TI  - Lifetime of undercooled wetting layers.

PMID- 9962264
TI  - Onset of convection in molecular dynamics simulations of grains.

PMID- 9962265
TI  - Induced stochastic resonance near a subcritical bifurcation.

PMID- 9962266
TI  - Boundary-induced drift of spirals in excitable media.

PMID- 9962267
TI  - Crossover from percolation to self-organized criticality.

PMID- 9962268
TI  - Punctuated equilibrium and "history-dependent" percolation.

PMID- 9962269
TI  - Overlap, disorder, and directed polymers: A renormalization group approach.

PMID- 9962270
TI  - Transforming signs to phase distributions in quantum simulations.

PMID- 9962271
TI  - Surface forces, undulating bilayers, and nuclear-spin relaxation.

PMID- 9962272
TI  - Passages and droplets in lamellar fluid membrane phases.

PMID- 9962273
TI  - Topological instabilities and phase behavior of fluid membranes.

PMID- 9962274
TI  - Multiparticle aggregation model for dendritic growth applied to experiments on
      amorphous Co-P alloys.

PMID- 9962275
TI  - Langmuir wave instability in a dusty plasma.

PMID- 9962276
TI  - Describing RNA sequential folding by dynamic coarse graining of the extended
      conformation space.

PMID- 9962277
TI  - Effective medium approximation for random walks with non-Markovian dynamical
      disorder.

PMID- 9962278
TI  - Mesoscopic derivation of hyperbolic transport equations.

PMID- 9962280
TI  - Front propagation in a random medium with a power-law distribution of transit
      times.

PMID- 9962279
TI  - Fokker-Planck equation for nonequilibrium competing dynamic models.

PMID- 9962281
TI  - Kinetics of heterogeneous single-species annihilation.

PMID- 9962282
TI  - Growth, self-randomization, and propagation in a Lorentz lattice gas.

PMID- 9962283
TI  - Ward identities for surface-growth models with diffusion.

PMID- 9962285
TI  - Bistable kinetic model driven by correlated noises: Steady-state analysis.

PMID- 9962284
TI  - 1/f noise and one-dimensional Brownian motion in a singular potential.

PMID- 9962287
TI  - Threshold devices: Fractal noise and neural talk.

PMID- 9962286
TI  - Hysteresis loss and stochastic resonance: A numerical study of a double-well
      potential.

PMID- 9962288
TI  - Phase ordering dynamics of cosmological models.

PMID- 9962289
TI  - Decoherence produces coherent states: An explicit proof for harmonic chains.

PMID- 9962290
TI  - Controlling unstable states in reaction-diffusion systems modeled by time series.

PMID- 9962291
TI  - Chaos and a quantum-classical correspondence in the kicked top.

PMID- 9962292
TI  - Dynamical approach to anomalous diffusion: Response of Levy processes to a
      perturbation.

PMID- 9962294
TI  - 1/f noise in the beta decay of 90Sr-90Y.

PMID- 9962293
TI  - Synchronizing chaotic systems using filtered signals.

PMID- 9962295
TI  - Chaotic scattering on C4v four-disk billiards: Semiclassical and exact quantum
      theories.

PMID- 9962297
TI  - Dynamics of a nonlinear lattice with randomly distributed masses.

PMID- 9962296
TI  - Steady-state density in annihilation of immobile reactants with input of
      particles.

PMID- 9962299
TI  - Entropy of the symbolic sequence for critical circle maps.

PMID- 9962298
TI  - Quasiequilibria in one-dimensional self-gravitating many-body systems.

PMID- 9962300
TI  - Nature of the Gaussian approximations in phase-ordering kinetics.

PMID- 9962302
TI  - Multifractality and multiscaling in collision cascades.

PMID- 9962301
TI  - Chaos and linear response: Analysis of the short-, intermediate-, and long-time
      regime.

PMID- 9962304
TI  - Synchronization effects in the dynamical behavior of elevators.

PMID- 9962303
TI  - Relationship between variational transition state theory and the Rayleigh
      quotient method for activated rate processes.

PMID- 9962306
TI  - Non-Markovian noise.

PMID- 9962305
TI  - Partially asymmetric exclusion process with open boundaries.

PMID- 9962307
TI  - Rigorous verification of chaos in a molecular model.

PMID- 9962308
TI  - Computer simulation study of inelastic neutron scattering from liquid water.

PMID- 9962309
TI  - Brownian dynamics of rigid polymer chains with hydrodynamic interactions.

PMID- 9962310
TI  - Cascade models for magnetohydrodynamic turbulence.

PMID- 9962311
TI  - Roll-rectangle transition in the magnetic fluid Faraday instability.

PMID- 9962313
TI  - Stable, unstable, and defected confined states of traveling-wave convection.

PMID- 9962312
TI  - Effective Ampere force in developed magnetohydrodynamic turbulence.

PMID- 9962314
TI  - Phase dynamics of patterns: The effect of boundary-induced amplitude variations.

PMID- 9962315
TI  - Thermal lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook model without nonlinear deviations in
      macrodynamic equations.

PMID- 9962316
TI  - Universality in fully developed turbulence.

PMID- 9962317
TI  - Predicting time-dependent motion in the double-diffusive convection system.

PMID- 9962318
TI  - Stochastic simulations of high-Reynolds-number turbulence in two dimensions.

PMID- 9962319
TI  - Pattern formation in the presence of symmetries.

PMID- 9962320
TI  - Dynamical test of interaction potentials for colloidal suspensions.

PMID- 9962321
TI  - Nucleated wetting films: The late-time behavior.

PMID- 9962322
TI  - Optical confirmation of the extended mean-field theory for a smectic-C*-smectic-A
      transition.

PMID- 9962323
TI  - Model disordered media provided by ternary microemulsions.

PMID- 9962325
TI  - Effect of polydispersity on the isotropic-nematic phase transition of rigid rods.

PMID- 9962324
TI  - How the choice of shape and ensemble affect simulations of two-dimensional
      melting.

PMID- 9962326
TI  - Computer simulation of self-assembling processes of a binary mixture containing a
      block copolymer.

PMID- 9962328
TI  - Dilation sheath of smectic-A focal-conic singular lines.

PMID- 9962327
TI  - X-ray studies of the hexatic phase in liquid crystals with a crystal-B-hexatic-B
      smectic-A phase sequence.

PMID- 9962329
TI  - Strain-induced instabilities in hexagonal columnar phases.

PMID- 9962330
TI  - Fast, immiscible fluid-fluid displacement in three-dimensional porous media at
      finite viscosity contrast.

PMID- 9962331
TI  - Mixed fluid bilayers: Effects of confinement.

PMID- 9962332
TI  - Phase transitions in a "many-letter" random heteropolymer.

PMID- 9962333
TI  - Nematic ordering and microphase segregation in a diblock polymer-liquid-crystal
      polymer.

PMID- 9962335
TI  - Maxwell equations in nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9962334
TI  - van der Waals theory for solids.

PMID- 9962337
TI  - Landau-de Gennes theory of the chevron structure in a smectic-A liquid crystal.

PMID- 9962336
TI  - Computer simulations of nematic droplets with bipolar boundary conditions.

PMID- 9962338
TI  - Formulating a first-principles statistical theory of growing surfaces in two
      dimensional Laplacian fields.

PMID- 9962339
TI  - Self-assembly of rodlike particles in two dimensions: A simple model for collagen
      fibrillogenesis.

PMID- 9962340
TI  - Reversible aggregation in self-associating polymer systems.

PMID- 9962342
TI  - Stark broadening of triply ionized oxygen lines: The temperature dependence.

PMID- 9962341
TI  - Short-range screening potentials for classical Coulomb fluids: Monte Carlo
      sampling and cluster model studies.

PMID- 9962343
TI  - Langmuir-probe characteristic in the presence of drifting electrons.

PMID- 9962344
TI  - Different class of two-dimensional shocks in magnetized plasmas.

PMID- 9962345
TI  - Monte Carlo treatment of the transport of electrons in a gas including electron
      electron interactions.

PMID- 9962346
TI  - Transition from a Townsend discharge to a normal discharge via two-dimensional
      modeling.

PMID- 9962347
TI  - Two-dimensional nonuniformly heated magnetized plasma transport in a conducting
      vessel.

PMID- 9962348
TI  - CO2 laser absorption measurements of temperature and density in the shock-induced
      Richtmyer-Meshkov mixing zone.

PMID- 9962349
TI  - Linear hydromagnetic waves in an ultrarelativistic, collisionless plasma with a
      pressure anisotropy.

PMID- 9962350
TI  - Numerical study of the detailed structure of the ion resonance cone.

PMID- 9962351
TI  - Modulational interaction of short-wavelength ion-acoustic oscillations in
      impurity-containing plasmas.

PMID- 9962352
TI  - Generation of a subpicosecond relativistic electron single bunch at the S-band
      linear accelerator.

PMID- 9962353
TI  - Electron beam quality in a cyclotron autoresonance accelerator.

PMID- 9962354
TI  - Transit-time method of optical stochastic cooling.

PMID- 9962355
TI  - Decompaction modes of a two-dimensional "sandpile" under vibration: Model and
      experiments.

PMID- 9962356
TI  - Simulations of two-dimensional arrays of beads under external vibrations: Scaling
      behavior.

PMID- 9962357
TI  - Depolarized light scattering from fractal soot aggregates.

PMID- 9962358
TI  - Exact solution of the wave dynamics of a particle bouncing chaotically on a
      periodically oscillating wall.

PMID- 9962359
TI  - Internal friction between solitons in near-integrable systems.

PMID- 9962360
TI  - Conditions on the existence of localized excitations in nonlinear discrete
      systems.

PMID- 9962361
TI  - Lattice sums for off-axis electromagnetic scattering by gratings.

PMID- 9962362
TI  - Standing localized modes in nonlinear lattices.

PMID- 9962363
TI  - Theory of correlations in stochastic neural networks.

PMID- 9962364
TI  - Generalization in the programed teaching of a perceptron.

PMID- 9962365
TI  - Learning to classify in large committee machines.

PMID- 9962367
TI  - Model fermion Monte Carlo method with antithetical pairs.

PMID- 9962366
TI  - Numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation in cylindrical geometry.

PMID- 9962368
TI  - Synchronization of coupled maps and stable windows.

PMID- 9962369
TI  - Remarks on "Constant-temperature molecular dynamics with momentum conservation"

PMID- 9962371
TI  - Symbolic analysis of attractor geometry for the Lozi map.

PMID- 9962370
TI  - Ising critical behavior of a non-Hamiltonian lattice system.

PMID- 9962372
TI  - Stabilizing unstable periodic orbits in fast dynamical systems.

PMID- 9962373
TI  - Stochastic resonance in an autonomous system with a nonuniform limit cycle.

PMID- 9962374
TI  - Properties of wide-peak autosolitons in electron-hole and gas plasmas.

PMID- 9962375
TI  - Space-time nonlocal model for heat conduction.

PMID- 9962376
TI  - Vesicle model of linear- and branched-polymer theta collapses.

PMID- 9962378
TI  - Kink solitons in quadratic-cubic nonlinear dispersive media.

PMID- 9962377
TI  - Structure of an electrorheological fluid in steady shear.

PMID- 9962379
TI  - Condition for kink immobility in trigger systems with limited elimination of an
      inhibitor.

PMID- 9962380
TI  - Stability of light beams in nonlinear antiwaveguides.

PMID- 9962381
TI  - Comment on "Relationship between McQuarrie and Helfand equations for the
      determination of shear viscosity from equilibrium molecular dynamics"

PMID- 9962382
TI  - Three-dimensional Ising system with long-range interactions: A computer model of
      Vycor glass.

PMID- 9962383
TI  - Dynamics of interfaces in a model for molecular-beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9962384
TI  - Locking and Arnold tongues in an infinite-dimensional system: The nuclear
      magnetic resonance laser with delayed feedback.

PMID- 9962385
TI  - Dissipative transport with correlated noise.

PMID- 9962386
TI  - Diffusion of fractal aggregates in the free molecular regime.

PMID- 9962387
TI  - Vortices and strings in a model ecosystem.

PMID- 9962388
TI  - Controlling unstable steady states using system parameter variation and control
      duration.

PMID- 9962390
TI  - Quantal-classical mixed-mode dynamics and chaotic behavior.

PMID- 9962389
TI  - Breakdown of ergodic behavior in the Lorentz gas.

PMID- 9962391
TI  - Computer simulations of conductance noise in a dynamical percolation resistor
      network.

PMID- 9962392
TI  - Adiabatic chaos in Josephson-junction arrays.

PMID- 9962394
TI  - Controlling hyperchaos in a multimode laser model.

PMID- 9962393
TI  - Statistical characterization of Barkhausen noise.

PMID- 9962395
TI  - Fragmentation of particles with more than one degree of freedom.

PMID- 9962396
TI  - Effect of vertical vibrations on avalanches in granular systems.

PMID- 9962397
TI  - Fractal basin boundaries in coupled map lattices.

PMID- 9962398
TI  - Two-temperature nonequilibrium Ising models: Critical behavior and universality.

PMID- 9962399
TI  - Growth kinetics for a system with a conserved order parameter.

PMID- 9962401
TI  - Resonancelike responses of autonomous nonlinear systems to white noise.

PMID- 9962400
TI  - Scaling and multiscaling in models of fragmentation.

PMID- 9962402
TI  - Sign of corrections to scaling amplitudes: Field-theoretic considerations and
      results for self-repelling walks.

PMID- 9962404
TI  - Width distribution for (2+1)-dimensional growth and deposition processes.

PMID- 9962403
TI  - Interpolating between ferromagnets and spin glasses.

PMID- 9962405
TI  - Transient multimodality in relaxation from an unstable state.

PMID- 9962406
TI  - Dynamics of particle deposition on a disordered substrate. I. Near-equilibrium
      behavior.

PMID- 9962407
TI  - Internal fluctuations, period doubling, and chemical chaos.

PMID- 9962408
TI  - Number of degrees of freedom for a thermostat.

PMID- 9962410
TI  - Subdiffusive transients in area-preserving mappings.

PMID- 9962409
TI  - Periodicity and chaos in a one-dimensional dynamical model of earthquakes.

PMID- 9962411
TI  - Effects of structure on transport coefficients in a random medium.

PMID- 9962412
TI  - Width distribution of curvature-driven interfaces: A study of universality.

PMID- 9962413
TI  - Defect coarsening and spin waves in the nonlinear sigma model.

PMID- 9962414
TI  - Gaussian wave-packet dynamics: Semiquantal and semiclassical phase-space
      formalism.

PMID- 9962415
TI  - Quantum resonances due to classical stability islands.

PMID- 9962416
TI  - Critical exponents for branching annihilating random walks with an even number of
      offspring.

PMID- 9962418
TI  - Dynamics of discrete models of binary mixtures in two dimensions: Exact solution.

PMID- 9962417
TI  - Diffusion approximation for a dissipative random medium and the applications.

PMID- 9962419
TI  - Time-dependent reactivity for diffusion-controlled annihilation and coagulation
      in two dimensions.

PMID- 9962420
TI  - Computer simulation study of liquid lithium at 470 and 843 K.

PMID- 9962421
TI  - Noise amplification in open Taylor-Couette flow.

PMID- 9962422
TI  - Measurement of the scaling of the dissipation at high Reynolds numbers.

PMID- 9962423
TI  - Exact fronts for the nonlinear diffusion equation with quintic nonlinearities.

PMID- 9962424
TI  - Chaos transition despite linear stability.

PMID- 9962425
TI  - Burst and collapse in traveling-wave convection of a binary fluid.

PMID- 9962426
TI  - Multifractality of large turbulent fluctuations and the topology of strange
      attractors.

PMID- 9962427
TI  - Driven front and interface of a fluid-flow model in 2+1 dimensions.

PMID- 9962429
TI  - Columnar and smectic order in binary mixtures of aligned hard cylinders.

PMID- 9962428
TI  - Nonlinear optical studies of binary mixtures of hydrogen bonded liquids.

PMID- 9962430
TI  - Thermal hydrodynamic fluctuations in microemulsions.

PMID- 9962432
TI  - New Freedericksz thresholds in three dimensions.

PMID- 9962431
TI  - Optical second-harmonic generation during switching in a ferroelectric liquid
      crystal cell.

PMID- 9962433
TI  - Surface adsorption of branched polymers: Mapping onto the Yang-Lee edge
      singularity and exact results for three dimensions.

PMID- 9962434
TI  - Burst process of stretched fiber bundles.

PMID- 9962435
TI  - Random multiblock copolymer-homopolymer blends: Effect of sequence distribution
      and intramolecular repulsion.

PMID- 9962436
TI  - Ferroelectric phase in Stockmayer fluids.

PMID- 9962437
TI  - Nonlinear compaction of an assembly of highly deformable platelike particles.

PMID- 9962439
TI  - Phase transitions in a continuum model of the classical Heisenberg magnet: The
      antiferromagnetic system.

PMID- 9962438
TI  - Biaxiality of chiral liquid crystals.

PMID- 9962440
TI  - Dynamics of lyotropic ferronematic liquid crystals submitted to magnetic fields.

PMID- 9962441
TI  - Molecular-dynamics study of supercooled ortho-terphenyl.

PMID- 9962442
TI  - Numerical investigation of two-dimensional projections of random fractal
      aggregates.

PMID- 9962443
TI  - Universal direct cascade in two-dimensional turbulence.

PMID- 9962444
TI  - Domain patterns in incommensurate systems with the uniaxial real order parameter.

PMID- 9962446
TI  - Two distinct time scales in the dynamics of a dense hard-sphere liquid.

PMID- 9962445
TI  - Molecular dynamics simulation of tethered membranes in four and five dimensions.

PMID- 9962447
TI  - Saha equation for two-temperature plasmas: Theories, experimental evidence, and
      interpretation.

PMID- 9962449
TI  - Evolution of the electron distribution function in intense laser-plasma
      interactions.

PMID- 9962448
TI  - Production of strongly coupled plasmas by the laser irradiation of thin metallic
      films confined within micrometer-scale gaps by transparent insulators.

PMID- 9962450
TI  - Dynamics of particles trapping and detrapping in coherent wave packets.

PMID- 9962451
TI  - Ion wake fields in a plasma with negative ions.

PMID- 9962452
TI  - Multiple cutoff wave numbers of the ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability.

PMID- 9962454
TI  - Self-consistent charge dynamics and collective modes in a dusty plasma.

PMID- 9962453
TI  - Electron densities and temperatures in a xenon afterglow with heavy-ion
      excitation.

PMID- 9962455
TI  - Plasma properties near the anode surface of an ion diode determined by high
      resolution laser spectroscopy.

PMID- 9962456
TI  - Langmuir-probe measurements in flowing-afterglow plasmas.

PMID- 9962457
TI  - Enhanced ion acoustic fluctuations in laser-produced plasmas.

PMID- 9962458
TI  - Transport integral: A method to calculate the time evolution of phase-space
      distributions.

PMID- 9962459
TI  - Linear theory of the free-electron laser with a two-frequency undulator.

PMID- 9962460
TI  - Effect of space charge on transverse instabilities in synchrotrons.

PMID- 9962461
TI  - C-caronerenkov radiation from a finite trajectory of electrons.

PMID- 9962463
TI  - Slippage and scattering of light pulses in hole-coupled free-electron lasers.

PMID- 9962462
TI  - Experimental measurements of a betatron difference resonance.

PMID- 9962464
TI  - Simulation of the formation and detection of one-dimensional ordered ion beams.

PMID- 9962465
TI  - Propagation of Gaussian beams in a nonlinear saturable medium.

PMID- 9962467
TI  - Field representations in composite chiral-ferrite media by cylindrical vector
      wave functions.

PMID- 9962466
TI  - Light propagation in a cylindrical waveguide with a complex, metallic, dielectric
      function.

PMID- 9962468
TI  - Anomalous energy dissipation in molecular-dynamics simulations of grains: The
      "detachment" effect.

PMID- 9962469
TI  - Granular relaxation under tapping and the traffic problem.

PMID- 9962471
TI  - Mechanisms for determining the time scales in vesicle budding.

PMID- 9962470
TI  - Pattern structures on generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equations with various
      nonlinear terms.

PMID- 9962472
TI  - Neural network model for the coordinated formation of orientation preference and
      orientation selectivity maps.

PMID- 9962473
TI  - Storage of structured patterns in a neural network.

PMID- 9962474
TI  - Entropy, pattern entropy, and related methods for the analysis of data on the
      time intervals between heartbeats from 24-h electrocardiograms.

PMID- 9962475
TI  - Global stability and local stability of Hopfield neural networks with delays.

PMID- 9962476
TI  - Multifractal analysis of imprecise data: Badii-Politi and correlation integral
      approaches.

PMID- 9962477
TI  - Simulated-tempering procedure for spin-glass simulations.

PMID- 9962478
TI  - Inverse avalanches on Abelian sandpiles.

PMID- 9962479
TI  - Crisis control: Preventing chaos-induced capsizing of a ship.

PMID- 9962480
TI  - Semianalytical approach to x-ray and neutron reflection from surface films.

PMID- 9962482
TI  - Extension of "Renormalization of period doubling in symmetric four-dimensional
      volume-preserving maps"

PMID- 9962481
TI  - Irreversible thermodynamic analysis of two-layer systems.

PMID- 9962483
TI  - Self-consistent solution of phase separation with competing interactions.

PMID- 9962484
TI  - Fractal structure of a dissipative particle-fluid system in a time-dependent
      chaotic flow.

PMID- 9962486
TI  - Multifractal phenomenology and the refined similarity hypothesis in turbulence.

PMID- 9962485
TI  - Waves and solitary pulses in a weakly inhomogeneous Ginzburg-Landau system.

PMID- 9962487
TI  - Self-affine case for the roughness effect on the frictional force in boundary
      lubrication.

PMID- 9962489
TI  - Hybrid mode analysis of a slow-wave free-electron laser with a rectangular guide
      loaded with two slabs of dielectric.

PMID- 9962488
TI  - Parametric resonance of a vortex in an active medium.

PMID- 9962490
TI  - Erratum: Kardar-Parisi-Zhang model and anomalous elasticity of two- and three
      dimensional smectic-A liquid crystals

PMID- 9962492
TI  - Scaling of reaction zones in the A+B-->0 diffusion-limited reaction.

PMID- 9962491
TI  - Erratum: Characterization of laser plasmas for interaction studies

PMID- 9962493
TI  - Self-organized pulse generator in a reaction-diffusion system.

PMID- 9962494
TI  - On-off intermittency in random map lattices.

PMID- 9962495
TI  - Control of dynamical tunneling in a bichromatically driven pendulum.

PMID- 9962496
TI  - Infinitely divisible distributions in turbulence.

PMID- 9962497
TI  - Multiple bubbles in a Hele-Shaw cell.

PMID- 9962498
TI  - Domain wall between traveling waves.

PMID- 9962499
TI  - Optical smoothing techniques for shock wave generation in laser-produced plasmas.

PMID- 9962500
TI  - Density functional theory of molecular fluids: Free-energy model for the
      inhomogeneous hard-body fluid.

PMID- 9962501
TI  - Effect of a net charge on the conformation of polyampholytes.

PMID- 9962502
TI  - Brownian-dynamics simulation studies of a charge-stabilized colloidal suspension
      under shear flow.

PMID- 9962503
TI  - Dynamical scaling of fractal aggregates in dense colloidal solutions.

PMID- 9962504
TI  - Soft-x-ray radiation from plasmas produced by obliquely incident subpicosecond
      laser pulses.

PMID- 9962506
TI  - Determination of a charged-particle-bunch shape from the coherent far infrared
      spectrum.

PMID- 9962505
TI  - Particle-in-cell simulations of Raman forward scattering from short-pulse high
      intensity lasers.

PMID- 9962507
TI  - Landau-Ginzburg equation for the cyclotron resonance maser.

PMID- 9962508
TI  - Bifurcation of resonance islands and Landau damping in the double-rf system.

PMID- 9962509
TI  - Surface shape of a spinning bucket of sand.

PMID- 9962510
TI  - Motion of a polyelectrolyte chain hooked around a post.

PMID- 9962512
TI  - Memory-flow structures in Lorenz chaos.

PMID- 9962511
TI  - Interface propagation and nucleation phenomena for discontinuous poisoning
      transitions in surface-reaction models.

PMID- 9962513
TI  - Analytic approach to the space-time kinetics of annihilation reactions.

PMID- 9962515
TI  - Constant thermodynamic speed for minimizing entropy production in thermodynamic
      processes and simulated annealing.

PMID- 9962514
TI  - Dendrites and fronts in a model of dynamical rupture with damage.

PMID- 9962516
TI  - Random fractals, phase transitions, and negative dimension spectra.

PMID- 9962517
TI  - Conditions for the appearance of wave chaos in quantum singular systems with a
      pointlike scatterer.

PMID- 9962519
TI  - Quantum kinetic theory of irreversible thermodynamics: Low-density gases.

PMID- 9962518
TI  - First-order phase transitions in the Montorsi-Rasetti model.

PMID- 9962520
TI  - Complex unstable periodic orbits and their manifestation in classical and quantum
      dynamics.

PMID- 9962522
TI  - Clusters in point distributions.

PMID- 9962521
TI  - Numerical study of a field theory for directed percolation.

PMID- 9962523
TI  - Folding transition of the triangular lattice.

PMID- 9962524
TI  - Grazing bifurcations in impact oscillators.

PMID- 9962526
TI  - Avalanches in the weakly driven Frenkel-Kontorova model.

PMID- 9962525
TI  - Dynamics of particle deposition on a disordered substrate. II. Far-from
      equilibrium behavior.

PMID- 9962529
TI  - Inhomogeneous random sequential adsorption on bipartite lattices.

PMID- 9962528
TI  - Braid analysis of a bouncing ball.

PMID- 9962527
TI  - Synchronization of chaotic systems: The effects of additive noise and drift in
      the dynamics of the driving.

PMID- 9962530
TI  - Bose-Einstein condensation in a system of q-bosons.

PMID- 9962531
TI  - Automata network predator-prey model with pursuit and evasion.

PMID- 9962532
TI  - Surface shape and local critical behavior: The percolation problem in two
      dimensions.

PMID- 9962533
TI  - Steady states of a column of shaken inelastic beads.

PMID- 9962534
TI  - Numerical simulation of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation.

PMID- 9962535
TI  - Jam phases in a two-dimensional cellular-automaton model of traffic flow.

PMID- 9962536
TI  - Correlation functions in chaotic systems from periodic orbits.

PMID- 9962537
TI  - Diffusion in lattice Lorentz gases with mixtures of point scatterers.

PMID- 9962538
TI  - Hydrodynamic behavior of lattice Boltzmann and lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook
      models.

PMID- 9962540
TI  - Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation of free-molecule gas flows in
      complex geometries with application to Brownian motion of aggregate aerosols.

PMID- 9962539
TI  - Phonon gas: A lattice Boltzmann description.

PMID- 9962541
TI  - Dynamic dielectric response function of liquid water.

PMID- 9962542
TI  - Theory of fluctuations in high electric fields.

PMID- 9962543
TI  - Diffusion of single particles in cellular media.

PMID- 9962545
TI  - Tracer dispersion in planar multipole flows.

PMID- 9962544
TI  - Influence of the critical curvature on spiral initiation in an excitable medium.

PMID- 9962546
TI  - Equation of motion for interacting pulses.

PMID- 9962547
TI  - Analogies between scaling in turbulence, field theory, and critical phenomena.

PMID- 9962548
TI  - Anomalous scaling in fluid mechanics: The case of the passive scalar.

PMID- 9962549
TI  - Statistical mechanics of shell models for two-dimensional turbulence.

PMID- 9962550
TI  - Laser-pulse sputtering of aluminum: Vaporization, boiling, superheating, and gas
      dynamic effects.

PMID- 9962551
TI  - Modeling of one-dimensional weakly nonlinear waves that propagate in media with
      arbitrary dissipation and dispersion mechanisms.

PMID- 9962552
TI  - Linear electro-optic effect in a cholesteric liquid crystal.

PMID- 9962553
TI  - Interfacial properties in lattice gases: A density functional approach.

PMID- 9962555
TI  - Comparison of quasifree excess electron and positron states in simple molecular
      fluids: Methane and silane.

PMID- 9962554
TI  - Integral equations for a fluid near a random substrate.

PMID- 9962556
TI  - Percolation phenomenon and the study of conductivity, viscosity, and ultrasonic
      velocity in microemulsions.

PMID- 9962557
TI  - Dielectric response of surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal cells.

PMID- 9962558
TI  - Pitch-induced transition of chiral nematic liquid crystals in submicrometer
      cylindrical cavities.

PMID- 9962559
TI  - Specific heat dependence on orientational order at cylindrically confined liquid
      crystal phase transitions.

PMID- 9962561
TI  - Density functional theory of crystal-fluid interfaces and surface melting.

PMID- 9962560
TI  - Dielectric relaxation and rotational viscosity of a ferroelectric liquid crystal
      mixture.

PMID- 9962562
TI  - Brownian dynamics of suspensions of rodlike particles.

PMID- 9962563
TI  - Ultrasonic spectroscopy in nonionic micellar solutions far from and near to Tc.

PMID- 9962565
TI  - Wetting phenomena and the decay of correlations at fluid interfaces.

PMID- 9962564
TI  - Diffuse-transmission spectroscopy: A structural probe of opaque colloidal
      mixtures.

PMID- 9962566
TI  - Brillouin scattering in glass-forming liquids: q-dependent linewidths and the
      generalized viscosity.

PMID- 9962568
TI  - Spinodal decomposition in an order-disorder phase transition with elastic fields.

PMID- 9962567
TI  - Practical method for calculation of multiple light scattering.

PMID- 9962569
TI  - Isostructural solid-solid transition in crystalline systems with short-ranged
      interaction.

PMID- 9962570
TI  - Modified reptation model.

PMID- 9962571
TI  - Long-scale deformations of resonant three-dimensional patterns and the structure
      of confined dislocations.

PMID- 9962572
TI  - Scaling theory for multipolymer coagulation.

PMID- 9962573
TI  - Inhomogeneous nucleation in first-order phase transitions.

PMID- 9962574
TI  - Stochastic dynamic simulation of the Boltzmann equation for electron swarms in
      glow discharges.

PMID- 9962575
TI  - Temporal behavior of x-ray radiation emitted by subpicosecond KrF-laser-heated
      carbon preplasmas.

PMID- 9962576
TI  - Fokker-Planck analysis of short-pulse laser heating in the hot-spot-model
      approximation.

PMID- 9962577
TI  - Reflectivity of cold magnetized plasmas.

PMID- 9962578
TI  - Free-energy model for fluid atomic helium at high density.

PMID- 9962580
TI  - Simulation of the secondary-electron distribution function by a Monte Carlo
      method.

PMID- 9962579
TI  - Heating of underdense plasmas by intense short-pulse lasers.

PMID- 9962581
TI  - Free-electron-laser simulations: Effects of beam quality and space charge.

PMID- 9962582
TI  - Transverse laser cooling induced through dispersion at an rf cavity.

PMID- 9962583
TI  - Entropy production in multiple scattering of light by a spatially random medium.

PMID- 9962584
TI  - Scattering of guided waves in a waveguide with a slightly rough boundary:
      Stochastic functional approach.

PMID- 9962585
TI  - Constraint on linear, homogeneous, constitutive relations.

PMID- 9962587
TI  - DNA electrophoretic collisions with single obstacles.

PMID- 9962586
TI  - Dark solitons in discrete lattices.

PMID- 9962588
TI  - Denaturation temperature of DNA.

PMID- 9962589
TI  - Nonmonotonic behavior of the capacity in phasor neural networks.

PMID- 9962590
TI  - Theory of the structure factor of lipid bilayers.

PMID- 9962591
TI  - Entropies of biosequences: The role of repeats.

PMID- 9962592
TI  - Kinetic evidence for protein clustering at a surface.

PMID- 9962593
TI  - Periodic forcing of a limit-cycle oscillator: Fixed points, Arnold tongues, and
      the global organization of bifurcations.

PMID- 9962594
TI  - Statistical mechanical treatment of the structural hydration of biological
      macromolecules: Results for B-DNA.

PMID- 9962596
TI  - Kinematics of vorticity: Vorticity-strain conjugation in incompressible fluid
      flows.

PMID- 9962595
TI  - Parallel implementation of many-body mean-field equations.

PMID- 9962597
TI  - Concise calculation of the scaling function, exponents, and probability
      functional of the Edwards-Wilkinson equation with correlated noise.

PMID- 9962598
TI  - Time decay of excitations at quasi-one-dimensional trapping.

PMID- 9962599
TI  - Reaction dynamics controlled by enhanced diffusion.

PMID- 9962600
TI  - Density functional approach to solvent-induced interactions in neutral liquids:
      Comparison with experimental results.

PMID- 9962601
TI  - Relative velocity fluctuations in turbulence.

PMID- 9962603
TI  - Ion acoustic waves in plasmas with collisional electrons.

PMID- 9962602
TI  - Supersonic radiative heat waves in low-density high-Z material.

PMID- 9962605
TI  - Soliton stability in a bimodal optical fiber in the presence of the Raman effect.

PMID- 9962604
TI  - Size segregation in a two-dimensional sandpile: Convection and arching effects.

PMID- 9962607
TI  - Erratum: Dimension of branching processes and self-organized criticality

PMID- 9962606
TI  - Erratum: Diffusion in equilibrium mixtures of ionized gases

PMID- 9962609
TI  - Lattice ribbons: A model of double-stranded polymers.

PMID- 9962608
TI  - Dynamical renormalization group analysis of fourth-order conserved growth
      nonlinearities.

PMID- 9962610
TI  - Hydrodynamic stability of compressible plane Couette flow.

PMID- 9962611
TI  - Subcritical-supercritical bifurcation crossover in directional solidification.

PMID- 9962612
TI  - Phase separation of binary fluids confined in a cylindrical pore: A molecular
      dynamics study.

PMID- 9962614
TI  - Analysis of resonant structures of four-dimensional symplectic mappings, using
      normal forms.

PMID- 9962613
TI  - Measurement of the longitudinal asymmetry of a charged particle bunch from the
      coherent synchrotron or transition radiation spectrum.

PMID- 9962615
TI  - Chaotic scattering theory of transport and reaction-rate coefficients.

PMID- 9962616
TI  - Reduction of optical chaos by a quantum correction in second-harmonic generation
      of light.

PMID- 9962617
TI  - Brownian motion on a square Lennard-Jones lattice: Trapping, hopping, and
      diffusion.

PMID- 9962618
TI  - Geometric description of chaos in self-gravitating systems.

PMID- 9962619
TI  - Density-functional approach to the equation of state of a hard-sphere crystal.

PMID- 9962621
TI  - Frequency distributions in population genetics parallel those in statistical
      physics.

PMID- 9962620
TI  - Spectral signature of the pitchfork bifurcation: Liouville equation approach.

PMID- 9962622
TI  - Preserving chaos: Control strategies to preserve complex dynamics with potential
      relevance to biological disorders.

PMID- 9962624
TI  - Expansion of moments of the Smoluchowski equation.

PMID- 9962625
TI  - Retrapping and velocity inversion in jump diffusion.

PMID- 9962623
TI  - Statistics of wave-function scars.

PMID- 9962626
TI  - Reliability of self-affine measurements.

PMID- 9962627
TI  - Properties of autowaves including transitions between the traveling and static
      solitary states.

PMID- 9962628
TI  - Thermodynamic pressure in nonequilibrium gases.

PMID- 9962629
TI  - Topological time-series analysis of a string experiment and its synchronized
      model.

PMID- 9962630
TI  - Theoretical approach to two-dimensional traffic flow models.

PMID- 9962632
TI  - Rectangular billiard in the presence of a flux line.

PMID- 9962631
TI  - Phase-ordering dynamics of systems with a conserved vector order parameter.

PMID- 9962633
TI  - Gaussian approach for phase ordering in nonconserved scalar systems with long
      range interactions.

PMID- 9962634
TI  - Influence of the environment on anomalous diffusion.

PMID- 9962635
TI  - Third law of thermodynamics in the presence of a heat flux.

PMID- 9962636
TI  - Phase transitions in the interacting-domain-wall model.

PMID- 9962637
TI  - Scaling structure and 1/f noise in one-dimensional surface-reaction models.

PMID- 9962639
TI  - Statistical theory of an adiabatic process.

PMID- 9962638
TI  - Dynamic algorithm for loop-erased self-avoiding random walks in two and three
      dimensions.

PMID- 9962641
TI  - Local thermodynamics of inhomogeneous fluids at equilibrium.

PMID- 9962640
TI  - Reaction probability derived from an interpolation formula for diffusion
      processes with an absorptive boundary condition.

PMID- 9962642
TI  - Determination of the differential cross section for a realistic intermolecular
      potential.

PMID- 9962643
TI  - Shear viscosity via global control of spatiotemporal chaos in two-dimensional
      isoenergetic dense fluids.

PMID- 9962644
TI  - Numerical solution of the spatially inhomogeneous Boltzmann equation and
      verification of the nonlocal approach for an argon plasma.

PMID- 9962645
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation and integral-equation studies of a fluid of charged hard
      spheres near the critical region.

PMID- 9962646
TI  - Kinetic model for pair correlations.

PMID- 9962647
TI  - Steady squares and hexagons on a subcritical ramp.

PMID- 9962648
TI  - Multiplicative cascade models of multifractal solar magnetic fields.

PMID- 9962649
TI  - Improved low-order model for shear flow driven by Rayleigh-Benard convection.

PMID- 9962650
TI  - Description of concentration fluctuations in liquid binary mixtures with
      nonadditive potentials.

PMID- 9962651
TI  - Binary fluid convection in a cylinder.

PMID- 9962653
TI  - Rigorous bound on the plane-shear-flow dissipation rate.

PMID- 9962652
TI  - Noise-induced sidebranching in the three-dimensional nonaxisymmetric dendritic
      growth.

PMID- 9962654
TI  - Saddle-splay elasticity of nematic structures confined to a cylindrical
      capillary.

PMID- 9962656
TI  - Higher smectic-layer order parameters in liquid crystals determined by x-ray
      diffraction and the effect of antiferroelectricity.

PMID- 9962655
TI  - Fluid elasticity and the transition to chaos in thermal convection.

PMID- 9962657
TI  - Flory approximant for the fractal dimension of the viscous-finger pattern:
      Transient and asymptotic behaviors.

PMID- 9962658
TI  - Annihilation rate and scaling in a two-dimensional system of charged particles.

PMID- 9962659
TI  - Relation between anchorings of liquid crystals and conformation changes in
      aligning agents by the Langmuir-Blodgett film technique investigation.

PMID- 9962660
TI  - Experimental evidence for the divergence of a transport coefficient in a quasi
      two-dimensional fluid.

PMID- 9962661
TI  - Universal relaxation behavior of classical liquid crystals at hypersonic
      frequencies.

PMID- 9962662
TI  - Molecular-dynamics studies of systems of confined dumbbell molecules.

PMID- 9962663
TI  - Characterization of 12-8-diacetylene Langmuir-Blodgett films by scanning-force
      microscopy.

PMID- 9962664
TI  - Tilt susceptibility at an antiferroelectric smectic-CA*-smectic-A phase
      transition.

PMID- 9962665
TI  - Micelle size and orientational order across the nematic-isotropic transition: A
      field-dependent nuclear-spin-relaxation study.

PMID- 9962666
TI  - Dielectric relaxation in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate-water-decane
      microemulsions near the percolation temperature threshold.

PMID- 9962667
TI  - Equilibrium properties of polymers from the Langevin equation: Gaussian self
      consistent approach.

PMID- 9962668
TI  - Molecular dynamics simulations of polymer droplets.

PMID- 9962670
TI  - Phase diagram and scaling behavior of fluid vesicles.

PMID- 9962669
TI  - Phase transitions and modulated phases in lipid bilayers.

PMID- 9962671
TI  - X-ray reflectivity study of interface roughness, structure, and morphology of
      alignment layers and thin liquid crystal films.

PMID- 9962672
TI  - Elasticity theory of smectic and canonic mesophases.

PMID- 9962674
TI  - Microemulsion and lamellar phases of a vector lattice model.

PMID- 9962673
TI  - Parametrization invariance and shape equations of elastic axisymmetric vesicles.

PMID- 9962675
TI  - Isostructural solid-solid transition of (colloidal) simple fluids.

PMID- 9962676
TI  - Flow birefringence in lyotropic mixtures in the isotropic phase.

PMID- 9962677
TI  - Free-growth properties of a nematic-smectic-B liquid-crystal interface.

PMID- 9962678
TI  - Interpenetration and segregation of interacting polymer chains in a solution:
      Exact results on fractal lattices.

PMID- 9962679
TI  - Mass conservation and anticorrelation effects in the colloidal aggregation of
      dense solutions.

PMID- 9962680
TI  - Magnetic diffusion-limited aggregation.

PMID- 9962681
TI  - Heterogeneous versus homogeneous nucleation of kink-antikink pairs.

PMID- 9962682
TI  - Search for ion dynamics effects on the shift and width of plasma-broadened C I
      and O I spectral lines.

PMID- 9962684
TI  - Correlated ion stopping in a dense classical plasma.

PMID- 9962683
TI  - Correlated stopping of Coulomb clusters in a dense jellium target.

PMID- 9962685
TI  - Effective bandwidth and the Kompfner dip for cyclotron autoresonance maser
      amplifiers.

PMID- 9962686
TI  - Electron-beam acceleration by cyclotron-autoresonance interaction.

PMID- 9962687
TI  - Phenomenological description of the optical field chaos in storage ring free
      electron lasers.

PMID- 9962689
TI  - Properties of wave functions in homogeneous anisotropic media.

PMID- 9962688
TI  - Soliton evolution and radiation loss for the Korteweg-de Vries equation.

PMID- 9962691
TI  - Propagation of electromagnetic waves in periodic lattices of spheres: Green's
      function and lattice sums.

PMID- 9962690
TI  - Nonuniqueness of the Lorentz-Dirac equation with the free-particle asymptotic
      condition.

PMID- 9962692
TI  - Numerical investigation of isospectral cavities built from triangles.

PMID- 9962693
TI  - Soliton interactions on dual-core fibers.

PMID- 9962694
TI  - Contact force distribution in a pile of rigid disks.

PMID- 9962696
TI  - Mixture states and storage of biased patterns in the Hopfield model: A replica
      symmetry-breaking solution.

PMID- 9962695
TI  - Deformation of an elastic triangle in equilibrium under gravity.

PMID- 9962698
TI  - Remark on "Some simple chaotic flows"

PMID- 9962697
TI  - Time structure of the activity in neural network models.

PMID- 9962699
TI  - Suppression of chaos by selective resonant parametric perturbations.

PMID- 9962700
TI  - Weak non-Gaussian approximation.

PMID- 9962701
TI  - Form of uncompensated heat giving rise to a Pfaffian differential form in
      thermodynamic space.

PMID- 9962703
TI  - Controlling of chaotic motion by chaos and noise signals in a logistic map and a
      Bonhoeffer-van der Pol oscillator.

PMID- 9962702
TI  - Two-dimensional traffic flow problems with faulty traffic lights.

PMID- 9962704
TI  - Results for the structural properties of random heaps of hard disks.

PMID- 9962705
TI  - Singularity spectrum of the velocity increment in isotropic turbulence.

PMID- 9962707
TI  - Variations from the Plateau law in foams.

PMID- 9962706
TI  - Rigorous analysis of weak boundary-coupling effects in twisted chiral nematic
      liquid crystals.

PMID- 9962708
TI  - Magnetic field effect on periodic stripe domains in nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9962709
TI  - Exact derivation of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation for the restricted solid-on
      solid model.

PMID- 9962710
TI  - Repulsive forces in thin smectic-C* films on substrates.

PMID- 9962712
TI  - Comparative study of large-scale Laplacian growth patterns.

PMID- 9962711
TI  - Scaling of the time-dependent self-diffusion coefficient and the propagation of
      hydrodynamic interactions.

PMID- 9962713
TI  - Hydrodynamic approximation for ions in high-pressure rf glow discharges.

PMID- 9962715
TI  - Modulational instability of two counterpropagating waves in an experimental
      transmission line.

PMID- 9962714
TI  - Scaling function for free-electron-laser gain including alternating-gradient
      focusing.

PMID- 9962717
TI  - Deriving average soliton equations with a perturbative method.

PMID- 9962716
TI  - Split-operator technique and solution of Liouville propagation equations.

PMID- 9962719
TI  - Traveling salesman problem and Tsallis statistics.

PMID- 9962718
TI  - Fluctuation-dissipation theorem imposes high-voltage fluctuations in biological
      ionic channels.

PMID- 9962720
TI  - Dynamics of spin and chiral ordering in the two-dimensional fully frustrated XY
      model.

PMID- 9962722
TI  - Surface and bulk periodical structures in smectic-C films with one free boundary.

PMID- 9962721
TI  - Crossover from static to thermal layer undulations in finite-size liquid
      crystalline films.

PMID- 9962724
TI  - Tilted arrays of dendrites.

PMID- 9962723
TI  - Random successive growth model for pattern formation.

PMID- 9962726
TI  - Reshaping-induced chaos suppression.

PMID- 9962725
TI  - False gain in x-ray laser experiments due to axial plasma expansion.

PMID- 9962728
TI  - Population dependence of early relaxation.

PMID- 9962727
TI  - Adsorption kinetics of hard disks from virial coefficients.

PMID- 9962729
TI  - Soluble free-fermion model in d dimensions.

PMID- 9962730
TI  - Undulatory instability of the nematic-isotropic interface.

PMID- 9962731
TI  - Relaxation induced by colored noise. II. Homogeneous and heterogeneous
      correlation loss.

PMID- 9962732
TI  - Bunching of cars in asymmetric exclusion models for freeway traffic.

PMID- 9962733
TI  - Continued fraction formalism of linear dynamic conductivity by a combined
      projection technique.

PMID- 9962735
TI  - Geometrical description of phase transitions in terms of diagrams and their
      growth function.

PMID- 9962734
TI  - Structure in the bifurcation diagram of the Duffing oscillator.

PMID- 9962736
TI  - Interpretation of the extreme physical information principle in terms of shift
      information.

PMID- 9962738
TI  - Numerical solution of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation with a long-range
      spatially correlated noise.

PMID- 9962737
TI  - Generalized synchronization of chaos in directionally coupled chaotic systems.

PMID- 9962739
TI  - Amplification and distortion of a periodic rectangular driving signal by a noisy
      bistable system.

PMID- 9962740
TI  - Jordan-Wigner transformation in a higher-dimensional lattice.

PMID- 9962742
TI  - Crisis and topological entropy.

PMID- 9962741
TI  - Geometrical aspects of statistical mechanics.

PMID- 9962743
TI  - Averaged equations for Josephson junction series arrays.

PMID- 9962744
TI  - Adiabatic destruction of Anderson localization.

PMID- 9962745
TI  - Correlation decay and conformal anomaly in the two-dimensional random-bond Ising
      ferromagnet.

PMID- 9962746
TI  - Dynamical model of traffic congestion and numerical simulation.

PMID- 9962747
TI  - Shattering transition in a multivariable fragmentation model.

PMID- 9962748
TI  - Exact solutions of a restricted ballistic deposition model on a one-dimensional
      staircase.

PMID- 9962750
TI  - Criticality in simple models of evolution.

PMID- 9962749
TI  - Model for plastic deformation and fracture in planar disordered materials.

PMID- 9962751
TI  - Bose-Einstein condensation of a coupled two-component Bose gas.

PMID- 9962752
TI  - Generalized Stokes-Einstein equation for spherical particle suspensions.

PMID- 9962753
TI  - Generalized hydrodynamics and the acoustic modes of water: Theory and simulation
      results.

PMID- 9962754
TI  - Convective chemical-wave propagation in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction.

PMID- 9962755
TI  - Statistical studies of chaotic wave patterns.

PMID- 9962757
TI  - Flow in curved channels with a low negative rotation speed.

PMID- 9962756
TI  - Breakdown of dynamic scaling and intermittency in a cascade model of turbulence.

PMID- 9962758
TI  - Faraday instability: Linear analysis for viscous fluids.

PMID- 9962759
TI  - Two-dimensional pentagonal structures in dissipative systems.

PMID- 9962760
TI  - Extinction of a nonadiabatic flame propagating through spatially periodic shear
      flow.

PMID- 9962762
TI  - Bragg reflection from cholesteric liquid crystals.

PMID- 9962761
TI  - Pattern selection in an anisotropic Hele-Shaw cell.

PMID- 9962764
TI  - Kinetics of phase ordering in uniaxial and biaxial nematic films.

PMID- 9962763
TI  - Crossover between vapor-liquid and consolute critical phenomena.

PMID- 9962765
TI  - Translational dynamics of a particle with anchored chains in entangled polymers.

PMID- 9962766
TI  - Intermittent flow behavior of random foams: A computer experiment on foam
      rheology.

PMID- 9962767
TI  - Critical-point rheology of a sheared phase-separating micellar solution.

PMID- 9962769
TI  - Faceting in free dendritic growth.

PMID- 9962768
TI  - Time-transient process of magnetically induced growth of nematic domains in a
      biological macromolecular liquid crystal.

PMID- 9962770
TI  - Experimental examination of the Booth theory on the first-order electroviscous
      effect in ionic colloidal dispersions.

PMID- 9962771
TI  - Coupling between elasticity in a nematic phase and front dynamics for a moving
      nematic-isotropic boundary.

PMID- 9962772
TI  - Wetting on heterogeneous surfaces: Experiments in an imperfect Hele-Shaw cell.

PMID- 9962774
TI  - Hydrodynamic interface quench effects on spinodal decomposition for symmetric
      binary fluid mixtures.

PMID- 9962773
TI  - Instabilities of charged polyampholytes.

PMID- 9962775
TI  - Disclination loops, standing alone and around solid particles, in nematic liquid
      crystals.

PMID- 9962776
TI  - Velocity fluctuations of fracturelike disruptions of associating polymer
      solutions.

PMID- 9962777
TI  - Phase behavior of a model colloid-polymer mixture.

PMID- 9962779
TI  - Group velocity of large-amplitude electromagnetic waves in a plasma.

PMID- 9962778
TI  - Percolation and structural properties of particle deposits.

PMID- 9962780
TI  - Two-dimensional model of a capacitively coupled rf discharge and comparisons with
      experiments in the Gaseous Electronics Conference reference reactor.

PMID- 9962781
TI  - Trivelpiece-Gould modes in a corrugated plasma slab.

PMID- 9962782
TI  - Ion acoustic waves in plasmas with light and heavy ions.

PMID- 9962783
TI  - Nonlinear waves in cylindrically bounded magnetized plasmas.

PMID- 9962784
TI  - Field-line transport in stochastic magnetic fields: Percolation, Levy flights,
      and non-Gaussian dynamics.

PMID- 9962785
TI  - Absolute determination of local ground-state densities of atomic hydrogen in
      nonlocal-thermodynamic-equilibrium environments by two-photon polarization
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9962787
TI  - Population kinetics of lithiumlike ions in plasma.

PMID- 9962786
TI  - Collisional-radiative model for lithiumlike ions in plasma.

PMID- 9962788
TI  - Experimental study of the response time of GaAs as a photoemitter.

PMID- 9962789
TI  - Emittance growth of bunched beams in bends.

PMID- 9962790
TI  - Multisoliton perturbation theory for the Benjamin-Ono equation and its
      application to real physical systems.

PMID- 9962791
TI  - Soliton evolution and radiation loss for the nonlinear Schrodinger equation.

PMID- 9962792
TI  - Traveling-wave method for solving the modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation
      describing soliton propagation along optical fibers.

PMID- 9962794
TI  - Existence of localized excitations in nonlinear Hamiltonian lattices.

PMID- 9962793
TI  - Algebraic solitary-wave solutions of a nonlinear Schrodinger equation.

PMID- 9962795
TI  - Resonances of nonlinear oscillators.

PMID- 9962797
TI  - Neural-network model composed of multidimensional spin neurons.

PMID- 9962796
TI  - Gel electrophoresis of DNA in moderate fields: The effect of fluctuations.

PMID- 9962799
TI  - Parallel Monte Carlo simulations.

PMID- 9962798
TI  - Dual Monte Carlo and cluster algorithms.

PMID- 9962800
TI  - Behavior of ferroelectric liquid crystals in external fields.

PMID- 9962801
TI  - Statistical mechanics of a multiconnected Hopfield neural-network model in a
      transverse field.

PMID- 9962802
TI  - Accuracy of the semiclassical approximation for chaotic scattering.

PMID- 9962803
TI  - Relativistic chaos in the driven harmonic oscillator.

PMID- 9962804
TI  - Orbital instability and the loss of quantum coherence.

PMID- 9962806
TI  - Transitions in a gauge model for nematic ordering.

PMID- 9962805
TI  - Structure formation in a colloidal suspension film subjected to an external
      alternating electrical field.

PMID- 9962807
TI  - Unusual shapes for a catenary under the effects of surface tension and gravity: A
      variational treatment.

PMID- 9962808
TI  - Structural transition and motion of domain walls in liquid crystals under a
      rotating magnetic field.

PMID- 9962809
TI  - Relation between the super-transition-array method in opacity calculations and
      the Hartree-Fock approximation at nonzero temperature.

PMID- 9962811
TI  - Envelope Hamiltonian of an intense charged-particle beam in periodic solenoidal
      fields.

PMID- 9962810
TI  - Signature of chaos in nonlinear drift-wave-induced transport.

PMID- 9962813
TI  - Path-integral evolution of multivariate systems with moderate noise.

PMID- 9962812
TI  - Gap solitons due to cascading.

PMID- 9962814
TI  - Erratum: Stopping of multicharged ions in dense and fully ionized hydrogen

PMID- 9962816
TI  - Domains and synchronization in high-dimensional cellular automata.

PMID- 9962815
TI  - Random versus deterministic two-dimensional traffic flow models.

PMID- 9962817
TI  - Correlations in the quantum spectra of smooth Hamiltonian systems.

PMID- 9962818
TI  - -shaped stable nonspiral patterns.

PMID- 9962820
TI  - Two-dimensional localized solutions for subcritical bifurcations in systems with
      broken rotational symmetry.

PMID- 9962819
TI  - Fractional master equations and fractal time random walks.

PMID- 9962821
TI  - Self-similar decay of three-dimensional homogeneous turbulence with
      hyperviscosity.

PMID- 9962822
TI  - Theory of chiral defects in Langmuir monolayers.

PMID- 9962823
TI  - Bound solitons in a nonlinear optical coupler.

PMID- 9962825
TI  - Possible thermodynamic law violations and astrophysical issues for secular
      acceleration of electrodynamic particles in the vacuum.

PMID- 9962824
TI  - Faster Monte Carlo simulations.

PMID- 9962827
TI  - Driven interfaces in quenched disorder at critical depinning.

PMID- 9962826
TI  - Aperture of rough cracks.

PMID- 9962828
TI  - Control in multidimensional chaotic systems by small perturbations.

PMID- 9962829
TI  - Generalized Allen-Cahn equations to describe far-from-equilibrium order-disorder
      dynamics.

PMID- 9962830
TI  - Renormalization approach to the self-organized critical behavior of sandpile
      models.

PMID- 9962831
TI  - Virial expansions for quantum plasmas: Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics.

PMID- 9962832
TI  - Density waves and 1/f density fluctuations in granular flow.

PMID- 9962833
TI  - Large-time behavior of the generalized Smoluchovski coagulation equations.

PMID- 9962834
TI  - Correlation properties of a quasiperiodically forced two-level system.

PMID- 9962835
TI  - Development of quantum nonintegrability displayed in effective Hamiltonians: A
      three-level Lipkin model.

PMID- 9962837
TI  - Self-avoiding-walk contacts and random-walk self-intersections in variable
      dimensionality.

PMID- 9962836
TI  - Learning time series evolution by unsupervised extraction of correlations.

PMID- 9962838
TI  - Laminar-localized-phase coexistence in dynamical systems.

PMID- 9962839
TI  - Quantum-classical correspondence and the transition to chaos in coupled quartic
      oscillators.

PMID- 9962840
TI  - Bifurcations and complete chaos for the diamagnetic Kepler problem.

PMID- 9962842
TI  - Inhibition of mixing in chaotic quantum dynamics.

PMID- 9962841
TI  - Tracking unstable periodic orbits in a bronze ribbon experiment.

PMID- 9962844
TI  - Bifurcation analysis of two coupled periodically driven Duffing oscillators.

PMID- 9962843
TI  - Asymptotic behavior of A+B--> inert for particles with a drift.

PMID- 9962845
TI  - Transition-state recrossing dynamics in activated rate processes.

PMID- 9962847
TI  - Dynamical universality of the nonlinear conserved current equation for growing
      interfaces.

PMID- 9962848
TI  - Critical exponents for a three-dimensional O(n)-symmetric model with n>3.

PMID- 9962849
TI  - Lamellar structures and self-replicating spots in a reaction-diffusion system.

PMID- 9962846
TI  - Surface properties and the flow of granular material in a two-dimensional
      rotating-drum model.

PMID- 9962851
TI  - Dynamical origin of spatial order.

PMID- 9962850
TI  - Dynamical phase transitions and self-organized criticality in a theoretical
      spring-block model.

PMID- 9962852
TI  - Driven particle in an infinite square well: Representation and breakdown of the
      invariant tori in a multiple-resonance case.

PMID- 9962853
TI  - Wavelet correlations in the p model.

PMID- 9962854
TI  - Simulations of pressure fluctuations and acoustic emission in hydraulic
      fracturing.

PMID- 9962855
TI  - Chaos and low-order corrections to classical mechanics or geometrical optics.

PMID- 9962856
TI  - Symbolic dynamics analysis of topological entropy and its multifractal structure.

PMID- 9962857
TI  - Global metric regularity of the devil's staircase of topological entropy.

PMID- 9962858
TI  - Decay of the false vacuum through dissipative tunneling.

PMID- 9962859
TI  - Sequence of constrained annealed averages for one-dimensional disordered systems.

PMID- 9962860
TI  - Thermal relaxation of supercritical fluids by equilibrium molecular dynamics.

PMID- 9962861
TI  - Kinetic roughening in deposition with suppressed screening.

PMID- 9962862
TI  - Mass dependence of isotope self-diffusion by molecular dynamics.

PMID- 9962863
TI  - Statistical properties of the heat transport in a model of rotating Benard
      convection.

PMID- 9962864
TI  - Pattern selection in the generalized Swift-Hohenberg model.

PMID- 9962865
TI  - Wetting on lines and lattices of cylinders.

PMID- 9962866
TI  - Complex Trkalian fields and solutions to Euler's equations for the ideal fluid.

PMID- 9962867
TI  - X-ray transmission technique to study carbon dioxide in the critical region.

PMID- 9962868
TI  - Concentration and energy fluctuations in a critical polymer mixture.

PMID- 9962869
TI  - Calculation of monolayer structures of hydrocarbon chains on transition metal
      dichalcogenides: Dotriacontane on MoSe2.

PMID- 9962870
TI  - Field-induced forces in colloidal particle chains.

PMID- 9962871
TI  - Scaling of spin-echo amplitudes with frequency, diffusion coefficient, pore size,
      and susceptibility difference for the NMR of fluids in porous media and
      biological tissues.

PMID- 9962872
TI  - Second-order elasticity of liquid crystals within their nematic state at high
      frequencies.

PMID- 9962873
TI  - Electric-field-induced optical rotation in the pretransitional isotropic region
      of chiral nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9962874
TI  - Dynamics of confined liquids under shear.

PMID- 9962875
TI  - Models of polymer collapse in three dimensions: Evidence from kinetic growth
      simulations.

PMID- 9962876
TI  - Self-diffusion in networks of CPClO3 wormlike micelles.

PMID- 9962877
TI  - Heat-capacity study of nematic-isotropic and nematic-smectic-A transitions for
      octylcyanobiphenyl in silica aerogels.

PMID- 9962878
TI  - Orientation of alkyl chains and hindered rotation of carbonyl groups in the
      smectic-C* phase of antiferroelectric liquid crystals studied by polarized
      Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

PMID- 9962879
TI  - Chiral nematic droplets with tangential anchoring and negative dielectric
      anisotropy in an electric field.

PMID- 9962880
TI  - Relaxation dynamics in suspensions of ferromagnetic particles.

PMID- 9962881
TI  - Mechanisms of fluid spreading: Ising model simulations.

PMID- 9962882
TI  - Viscosity coefficients of partially aligned nematic and nematic discotic liquid
      crystals.

PMID- 9962883
TI  - Branched polymers on Bethe and Husimi lattices.

PMID- 9962884
TI  - Investigating the nematic-smectic-A transition by capillary-length measurements
      near an apparent tricritical point.

PMID- 9962885
TI  - Symmetry and phase transitions in Langmuir monolayers: The Landau theory.

PMID- 9962887
TI  - Percus-Yevick approximation for fluids with spontaneous partial order.

PMID- 9962886
TI  - Absence of anomalous dispersion features in the inelastic neutron scattering
      spectra of water at both sides of the melting transition.

PMID- 9962888
TI  - Stretch transition in a polymer brush.

PMID- 9962889
TI  - Anomalous relaxation in fractal structures.

PMID- 9962890
TI  - Complete unbinding of fluid membranes in the presence of short-ranged forces.

PMID- 9962892
TI  - Small-angle neutron-scattering study of micellar structure and interparticle
      interactions in Triton X-100 solutions.

PMID- 9962891
TI  - Microscopic theory of binary mixtures of uniaxial nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9962894
TI  - Hydrodynamical modes and light scattering in the liquid-crystalline cubic blue
      phases. II. Dynamic theory.

PMID- 9962893
TI  - Hydrodynamical modes and light scattering in the liquid-crystalline cubic blue
      phases. I. Elastic theory.

PMID- 9962895
TI  - Light-scattering studies on water-nonionic-amphiphile solutions.

PMID- 9962896
TI  - Rotational dynamics of water molecules in a water-short-chain-nonionic-amphiphile
      mixture: Depolarized light scattering.

PMID- 9962897
TI  - Stabilizing effect of elasticity is not enough to resolve discrepancies in
      observations concerning a moving nematic-isotropic interface.

PMID- 9962898
TI  - Apparent rate constant for diffusion-controlled three-molecule reactions.

PMID- 9962899
TI  - Development of a plasma waveguide for high-intensity laser pulses.

PMID- 9962900
TI  - Modulational processes and limits of weak turbulence theory.

PMID- 9962901
TI  - Arbitrary-amplitude electrostatic traveling structures in a plasma.

PMID- 9962902
TI  - Dispersion relation and the dieletric tensor for magnetized plasmas with
      inhomogeneous magnetic field.

PMID- 9962903
TI  - Negative ions in a radio-frequency oxygen plasma.

PMID- 9962905
TI  - Convective growth of cyclotron harmonic waves on a bounded coaxial electron beam.

PMID- 9962904
TI  - Charged-species profiles in electronegative radio-frequency plasmas.

PMID- 9962907
TI  - Local dispersion insert for particle accelerators.

PMID- 9962906
TI  - Energy limit in cyclotron autoresonance acceleration.

PMID- 9962908
TI  - Three-dimensional coupled-mode theory of free-electron lasers in the collective
      regime.

PMID- 9962910
TI  - Symplectic tracking using point magnets and a reference orbit made of circular
      arcs and straight lines.

PMID- 9962909
TI  - Acoustic laser with dispersed particles as an analog of a free-electron laser.

PMID- 9962911
TI  - Coherent bremsstrahlung at the B factories SLAC PEP-II and KEK Tristan-B.

PMID- 9962912
TI  - Trapped modes in waveguides with many small discontinuities.

PMID- 9962913
TI  - Quantum mechanics of charged-particle beam transport through magnetic lenses.

PMID- 9962914
TI  - Application of Gegenbauer analysis to light scattering from spheres: Theory.

PMID- 9962915
TI  - Pulse switching in nonlinear fiber directional couplers.

PMID- 9962917
TI  - Floquet-Bloch waves in periodic chiral media.

PMID- 9962916
TI  - Minimal model for avalanches in granular systems.

PMID- 9962919
TI  - Quasiperiodic solutions of discretized Korteweg-de Vries equations.

PMID- 9962918
TI  - Boundary-value problems of enhanced backscattering in a random medium and the
      inner structure of the Bethe-Salpeter equation.

PMID- 9962921
TI  - Order-parameter flow in symmetric and nonsymmetric fully connected attractor
      neural networks near saturation.

PMID- 9962920
TI  - Momentum-dependent potentials: Towards the molecular dynamics of fermionlike
      classical particles.

PMID- 9962922
TI  - Scaling regimes of molecular size and self-entanglements in very compact
      proteins.

PMID- 9962923
TI  - Qualitative analysis of Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with multiple delays.

PMID- 9962924
TI  - Dynamics of associative memory with a general transfer function.

PMID- 9962925
TI  - Time-frequency analysis of electroencephalogram series.

PMID- 9962926
TI  - Mass distribution on clusters at the percolation threshold.

PMID- 9962927
TI  - Hard-spin mean-field theory of a three-dimensional stacked-triangular-lattice
      system.

PMID- 9962928
TI  - Suppression of higher harmonics at noise induced resonances.

PMID- 9962929
TI  - Self-avoiding walks including next-nearest-neighbor steps.

PMID- 9962931
TI  - Data compressibility, physical entropy, and evolutionary a priori relation
      between observer and object.

PMID- 9962930
TI  - Exact distributions of eigenvalue curvatures for time-reversal-invariant chaotic
      systems.

PMID- 9962932
TI  - Dynamics of liquid and strongly supercooled alkali metals by instantaneous normal
      mode analysis.

PMID- 9962933
TI  - Confined semiflexible polymer chains.

PMID- 9962934
TI  - Alfven current drive in magnetic traps.

PMID- 9962935
TI  - Reconstructing phylogeny from the multifractal spectrum of mitochondrial DNA.

PMID- 9962936
TI  - Comment on "Extended self-similarity in turbulent flows"

PMID- 9962938
TI  - Comment on "Surface critical exponents of self-avoiding walks on a square lattice
      with an adsorbing linear boundary: A computer simulation study"

PMID- 9962937
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Extended self-similarity in turbulent flows' "

PMID- 9962939
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Surface critical exponents of self-avoiding walks on a
      square lattice with an adsorbing linear boundary: A computer simulation study' "

PMID- 9962940
TI  - Erratum: Fault-tolerant sensor integration using multiresolution decomposition

PMID- 9962941
TI  - Stabilized spatiotemporal waves in a convectively unstable open flow system:
      coupled diode resonators.

PMID- 9962943
TI  - Exact exponent lambda of the autocorrelation function for a soluble model of
      coarsening.

PMID- 9962944
TI  - Analysis of self-averaging properties in the transport of particles through
      random media.

PMID- 9962942
TI  - Birth of a strange nonchaotic attractor: A renormalization group analysis.

PMID- 9962946
TI  - Numerical test of finite-barrier corrections for the hopping rate in the
      underdamped regime.

PMID- 9962945
TI  - Phase ordering of two-dimensional XY systems below the Kosterlitz-Thouless
      transition temperature.

PMID- 9962948
TI  - Mean-field phase diagram of a coupled XY-Ising model for discotic liquid
      crystals.

PMID- 9962947
TI  - Cavitation in a flowing liquid.

PMID- 9962949
TI  - alpha -particle transport-driven current in tokamaks.

PMID- 9962950
TI  - Stable spatially periodic patterns of ion channels in biomembranes.

PMID- 9962951
TI  - Periodic solutions and bifurcation behavior in the parametrically damped two-well
      Duffing equation.

PMID- 9962953
TI  - Reaction rate kernel for dichotomous noise-induced transitions in bistable
      systems.

PMID- 9962952
TI  - Random walks on a fluctuating lattice: A renormalization group approach applied
      in one dimension.

PMID- 9962955
TI  - Absorbing boundary in one-dimensional anomalous transport.

PMID- 9962954
TI  - Mechanism of time-delayed fractures.

PMID- 9962956
TI  - Diffusion coefficient of piecewise linear maps.

PMID- 9962957
TI  - Thin Ising films with competing walls: A Monte Carlo study.

PMID- 9962958
TI  - Depletion region for diffusion-controlled reactions in a field.

PMID- 9962960
TI  - Quantum fluctuations of flexible chain molecules and rods and molecular
      nanotechnology.

PMID- 9962959
TI  - Estimation of Lyapunov exponents of dynamical systems using a spatial average.

PMID- 9962961
TI  - Spectral dimension of fractal trees.

PMID- 9962962
TI  - Homoclinic chaos in the discrete self-trapping trimer.

PMID- 9962963
TI  - Energy transitions and time scales to equipartition in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam
      oscillator chain.

PMID- 9962965
TI  - Scaling of thermal hysteresis with temperature scanning rate.

PMID- 9962964
TI  - Growth kinetics for a system with a conserved order parameter: Off-critical
      quenches.

PMID- 9962967
TI  - Emergent traffic jams.

PMID- 9962966
TI  - Unpredictability of the asymptotic attractors in phase-coupled oscillators.

PMID- 9962968
TI  - Long-range-interaction models and a deformed-loop symmetry.

PMID- 9962969
TI  - Semiquantal corrections to stochastic resonance.

PMID- 9962970
TI  - Non-Markovian process driven by quadratic noise: Kramers-Moyal expansion and
      Fokker-Planck modeling.

PMID- 9962971
TI  - Discrete stochastic models for traffic flow.

PMID- 9962972
TI  - Method of false nearest neighbors: A cautionary note.

PMID- 9962973
TI  - Controlling chaos using time delay coordinates via stabilization of periodic
      orbits.

PMID- 9962974
TI  - Synchronization of chaotic resonators based on control theory.

PMID- 9962975
TI  - Use of Hamiltonian mechanics in systems driven by colored noise.

PMID- 9962977
TI  - Free inertial processes driven by Gaussian noise: Probability distributions,
      anomalous diffusion, and fractal behavior.

PMID- 9962976
TI  - Dissipative transfer of a quantum particle in a dimer with random fluctuating
      intersite matrix element.

PMID- 9962979
TI  - From dynamics to thermodynamics: Linear response and statistical mechanics.

PMID- 9962978
TI  - Decay of the Sinai well in D dimensions.

PMID- 9962980
TI  - Chaos in a Coulombic muffin-tin potential.

PMID- 9962982
TI  - Nonperturbative generalized master equation for the spin-boson problem.

PMID- 9962981
TI  - Role of initial conditions in the classification of the rule space of cellular
      automata dynamics.

PMID- 9962983
TI  - Cellular automaton model for diffusive and dissipative systems.

PMID- 9962984
TI  - Dynamic front transitions and spiral-vortex nucleation.

PMID- 9962985
TI  - Intrinsic-noise-induced transitions in chaotic systems.

PMID- 9962986
TI  - Crossover behaviors in a molecular-beam epitaxial-growth model.

PMID- 9962988
TI  - Linear processes that produce 1/f or flicker noise.

PMID- 9962989
TI  - Stochastic renormalization-group approach to space-dependent supercritical
      branched chain processes.

PMID- 9962987
TI  - Critical behavior of the random-bond Ashkin-Teller model: A Monte Carlo study.

PMID- 9962991
TI  - Microscopic dynamics in liquid lithium.

PMID- 9962990
TI  - Jump clustering, Shlesinger-Hughes stochastic renormalization, and interacting
      Levy flights.

PMID- 9962992
TI  - Exact results in a lattice model of a binary reactant mixture.

PMID- 9962993
TI  - Location of the Fisher-Widom line for systems interacting through short-ranged
      potentials.

PMID- 9962994
TI  - Heat transport in a dilute gas under uniform shear flow.

PMID- 9962995
TI  - Improved fluid-dynamic model for vehicular traffic.

PMID- 9962996
TI  - Nearest-neighbor statistics for packings of hard spheres and disks.

PMID- 9962998
TI  - Variational bounds on energy dissipation in incompressible flows. II. Channel
      flow.

PMID- 9962997
TI  - Numerical simulations of Kadomtsev-Petviashvili soliton interactions.

PMID- 9962999
TI  - Spatiotemporal response described by the resonantly forced modified Korteweg-de
      Vries equation.

PMID- 9963000
TI  - Creation and dynamics of vortex tubes in three-dimensional turbulence.

PMID- 9963001
TI  - Density equilibration near the liquid-vapor critical point of a pure fluid:
      Single phase T>Tc.

PMID- 9963003
TI  - NMR signal loss from turbulence: Models of time dependence compared with data.

PMID- 9963002
TI  - Effect of a time-periodic axial shear flow upon the onset of Taylor vortices.

PMID- 9963004
TI  - Convection for Prandtl numbers near 1: Dynamics of textured patterns.

PMID- 9963005
TI  - Front propagation and selection in a two-space diblock copolymer melt.

PMID- 9963006
TI  - Scaling of single-bubble growth in a porous medium.

PMID- 9963007
TI  - "Layering" effect in a sheared lyotropic lamellar phase.

PMID- 9963009
TI  - Diffusion constants in polyacrylamide gels.

PMID- 9963008
TI  - Morphology and line tension of liquid films adsorbed on chemically structured
      substrates.

PMID- 9963010
TI  - Preferred configurations of linear polymers embedded in planar membranes under
      lateral tension.

PMID- 9963012
TI  - Computer simulation study of the permeability of a porous sediment model.

PMID- 9963011
TI  - Deuteron NMR study of liquid crystals confined in aerogel matrices.

PMID- 9963014
TI  - Accuracy of diffusing-wave spectroscopy theories.

PMID- 9963013
TI  - ac-calorimetry studies at the hexatic-B-smectic-A and crystal-B-hexatic-B phase
      transitions in two compounds with hydrogen bonding.

PMID- 9963015
TI  - Incommensurate phase on a disordered surface: Instability against the formation
      of overhangs and finite loops.

PMID- 9963016
TI  - Dynamic heat capacity at the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition in large
      unilamellar vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine in the ultralow frequency
      region.

PMID- 9963017
TI  - Surface polymer network model and effective membrane curvature elasticity.

PMID- 9963018
TI  - Maximal Lyapunov exponent in small atomic clusters.

PMID- 9963019
TI  - Freezing transition of random heteropolymers consisting of an arbitrary set of
      monomers.

PMID- 9963020
TI  - Self-diffusion in a periodic porous medium: A comparison of different approaches.

PMID- 9963021
TI  - Self-diffusion in a periodic porous medium with interface absorption.

PMID- 9963022
TI  - Catalytic interface erosion.

PMID- 9963024
TI  - Two-dimensional Laplacian growth as a system of creating and annihilating
      particles.

PMID- 9963023
TI  - Spreading of giant vesicles on moderately adhesive substrates by fingering: A
      reflection interference contrast microscopy study.

PMID- 9963025
TI  - Role of convection in thin-layer electrodeposition.

PMID- 9963026
TI  - Atoms in hydrogen plasma in strong electric fields.

PMID- 9963027
TI  - Spectroscopic study of molecular-hydrogen processes in a mirror-confined plasma.

PMID- 9963029
TI  - Signatures of the Bohm and sheath velocities in minority-light-ion energy
      distributions.

PMID- 9963028
TI  - Multistability as an indication of chaos in a discharge plasma.

PMID- 9963030
TI  - Resonantly laser-driven plasma waves for electron acceleration.

PMID- 9963031
TI  - Electron distribution function in an electron-beam plasma.

PMID- 9963033
TI  - Unified nonlinear orbit dynamics of an equilibrium electron in a helical wiggler
      with a positive or reversed axial-guide magnetic field at magnetoresonance.

PMID- 9963032
TI  - Stripping properties of a plasma medium for MeV/u chlorine ions.

PMID- 9963035
TI  - Computer simulation of beam steering by crystal channeling.

PMID- 9963034
TI  - Coupling impedance of a long slot and an array of slots in a circular vacuum
      chamber.

PMID- 9963036
TI  - Hamiltonian formalism for space charge dominated beams in a uniform focusing
      channel.

PMID- 9963038
TI  - Optical phenomena on the interface between a conventional dielectric and a
      uniaxial medium with mixed metal-dielectric properties.

PMID- 9963037
TI  - Stationary solitonlike pulses in birefringent optical fibers.

PMID- 9963039
TI  - Dynamics of damped coupled oscillators near resonance.

PMID- 9963040
TI  - Stability criterion for stationary bound states of solitons with radiationless
      oscillating tails.

PMID- 9963041
TI  - Obtaining breathers in nonlinear Hamiltonian lattices.

PMID- 9963042
TI  - Solitons in cell membranes.

PMID- 9963044
TI  - Neural-network design applied to protein-secondary-structure predictions.

PMID- 9963043
TI  - Statistical physics estimates for the complexity of feedforward neural networks.

PMID- 9963045
TI  - Finite-dimensional neural networks storing structured patterns.

PMID- 9963046
TI  - Matrix spectroscopy: Computation of interior eigenstates of large matrices using
      layered iteration.

PMID- 9963047
TI  - Flow in the driven cavity calculated by the lattice Boltzmann method.

PMID- 9963048
TI  - Logistic map: A possible random-number generator.

PMID- 9963049
TI  - Finite population-size effects in projection Monte Carlo methods.

PMID- 9963050
TI  - Transport of sputtered neutral particles.

PMID- 9963051
TI  - Adaptive multigrid techniques for large-scale eigenvalue problems: Solutions of
      the Schrodinger problem in two and three dimensions.

PMID- 9963052
TI  - Two-color nonlinear Boltzmann cellular automata: Surface tension and wetting.

PMID- 9963053
TI  - Boson-fermion transmutation and the statistics of anyons.

PMID- 9963054
TI  - Kinetics of depolymerization.

PMID- 9963056
TI  - Anomalous convergence of Lyapunov exponent estimates.

PMID- 9963055
TI  - Symbolic dynamics of NMR-laser chaos.

PMID- 9963057
TI  - Mass multifractality in fragmentation.

PMID- 9963058
TI  - Classical closure theory and Lam's interpretation of epsilon -renormalization
      group theory.

PMID- 9963059
TI  - Film orientational correlations from random planar sections.

PMID- 9963061
TI  - Two-body contribution to the density fluctuations in a dilute gas from molecular
      dynamics simulations.

PMID- 9963060
TI  - Two-dimensional stimulated Raman scattering of short laser pulses.

PMID- 9963062
TI  - Dynamics of collisional pulsed planar sheaths.

PMID- 9963064
TI  - Generation conditions for an acoustic laser.

PMID- 9963063
TI  - Calibration of the Stark-broadening parameters of the 728.1-nm He I line.

PMID- 9963065
TI  - Structural correlations in Gaussian random wave fields.

PMID- 9963066
TI  - Kinks and conformational defects in nonlinear chains.

PMID- 9963068
TI  - Comment on "Critical dimensionalities of phase transitions on fractals"

PMID- 9963067
TI  - Geometric and diffractive orbits in the scattering from confocal hyperbolas.

PMID- 9963069
TI  - Comment on "Simulation of a two-dimensional Rayleigh-Benard system using the
      direct simulation Monte Carlo method"

PMID- 9963070
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Simulation of a two-dimensional Rayleigh-Benard system
      using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method' "

PMID- 9963071
TI  - Erratum: Short-range screening potentials for classical Coulomb fluids: Monte
      Carlo sampling and cluster model studies

PMID- 9963072
TI  - Adaptive control and tracking of chaos in a magnetoelastic ribbon.

PMID- 9963073
TI  - Effects of the chaotic noise on the performance of a neural network model for
      optimization problems.

PMID- 9963074
TI  - Controlling dynamical behavior of a semiconductor laser with external optical
      feedback.

PMID- 9963075
TI  - Targeting unstable periodic orbits.

PMID- 9963076
TI  - Breakdown of simple scaling in Abelian sandpile models in one dimension.

PMID- 9963078
TI  - Design of hyperchaotic flows.

PMID- 9963077
TI  - Predicting low-dimensional spatiotemporal dynamics using discrete wavelet
      transforms.

PMID- 9963079
TI  - Scaling violations with textures in two-dimensional phase ordering.

PMID- 9963080
TI  - "Level curvature" distribution for diffusive Aharonov-Bohm systems: Analytical
      results.

PMID- 9963081
TI  - Near-equilibrium dynamics of crystalline interfaces with long-range interactions
      in (1+1)-dimensional systems.

PMID- 9963083
TI  - General approach to diffusion of periodically kicked charges in a magnetic field.

PMID- 9963082
TI  - Dissipative dynamic fracture of disordered systems.

PMID- 9963084
TI  - beta relaxation in a highly supercooled state via molecular dynamics simulation.

PMID- 9963085
TI  - Kolmogorov turbulence in a random-force-driven Burgers equation.

PMID- 9963086
TI  - Numerical study of cylindrically confined nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9963087
TI  - Critical broadening of the vibrational linewidth by concentration fluctuations.

PMID- 9963088
TI  - Eutectic dynamics: A host of new states.

PMID- 9963089
TI  - Stopping power of nonmonochromatic heavy-ion clusters with two-ion correlation
      effects.

PMID- 9963090
TI  - Polarized angular distributions of parametric x radiation and vacuum-ultraviolet
      transition radiation from relativistic electrons.

PMID- 9963091
TI  - Analytical approach to localization of electromagnetic waves in two-dimensional
      random media.

PMID- 9963092
TI  - Fractal growth in uv-irradiated DNA: Evidence of nonuniversal diffusion limited
      aggregation.

PMID- 9963093
TI  - Prediction of the lowest energy structure of clusters using a genetic algorithm.

PMID- 9963094
TI  - Selection of a desirable chaotic phase using small feedback control.

PMID- 9963095
TI  - Escape from a fluctuating double well.

PMID- 9963096
TI  - Polymer-chain adsorption transition at a cylindrical boundary.

PMID- 9963098
TI  - Analysis of spatiotemporal signals of complex systems.

PMID- 9963097
TI  - Symbol sequence statistics in noisy chaotic signal reconstruction.

PMID- 9963099
TI  - Scaling properties and anomalous transport of particles inside the stochastic
      layer.

PMID- 9963101
TI  - Avalanches and bursts in low-pressure helium gas below the breakdown voltage.

PMID- 9963100
TI  - Estimating perturbative coefficients in quantum field theory and statistical
      physics.

PMID- 9963103
TI  - Percolation with a periodic boundary condition: The effect of system size for
      crystallization in molecular dynamics.

PMID- 9963102
TI  - Statistical properties of bidimensional patterns generated from delayed and
      extended maps.

PMID- 9963104
TI  - First return map of the periodic Lorentz gas.

PMID- 9963105
TI  - Density relaxation in a vibrated granular material.

PMID- 9963106
TI  - Stochastic resonance in bistable systems subject to signal and quasimonochromatic
      noise.

PMID- 9963108
TI  - Ballistic annihilation kinetics: The case of discrete velocity distributions.

PMID- 9963107
TI  - Avalanches in a cellular automaton.

PMID- 9963109
TI  - Stabilizing and characterizing unstable states in high-dimensional systems from
      time series.

PMID- 9963111
TI  - Nonlinear analysis of the stick-slip bifurcation in the creep-controlled regime
      of dry friction.

PMID- 9963110
TI  - Accelerating fronts in an electrochemical system due to global coupling.

PMID- 9963112
TI  - Correlation functions and spectra for fields with highly anticorrelated phase
      jumps.

PMID- 9963113
TI  - Coherent stochastic resonance.

PMID- 9963114
TI  - Entropy-driven transition in a one-dimensional system.

PMID- 9963116
TI  - Refined simulations of the reaction front for diffusion-limited two-species
      annihilation in one dimension.

PMID- 9963115
TI  - Stochastic dynamics of open quantum systems: Derivation of the differential
      Chapman-Kolmogorov equation.

PMID- 9963118
TI  - Fractal boundaries in open hydrodynamical flows: Signatures of chaotic saddles.

PMID- 9963117
TI  - Parametric entrainment control of chaotic systems.

PMID- 9963119
TI  - Fluctuations in discrete fragmentation processes studied by stochastic
      simulations.

PMID- 9963120
TI  - Field theory and second renormalization group for multifractals in percolation.

PMID- 9963121
TI  - Escape rates for noisy maps.

PMID- 9963122
TI  - Schrodinger problem, Levy processes, and noise in relativistic quantum mechanics.

PMID- 9963123
TI  - Systematic error of dimension estimates using fixed mass scaling methods.

PMID- 9963125
TI  - Generalized Kawasaki dynamics of the Heisenberg model.

PMID- 9963124
TI  - Transport properties of heterogeneous materials derived from Gaussian random
      fields: Bounds and simulation.

PMID- 9963126
TI  - Stochastic resonance in a system of ferromagnetic particles.

PMID- 9963127
TI  - Topological model of homoclinic chaos in a glow discharge.

PMID- 9963128
TI  - Efficient switching between controlled unstable periodic orbits in higher
      dimensional chaotic systems.

PMID- 9963130
TI  - Extension of the variational formulation of the Onsager-Machlup theory of
      fluctuations.

PMID- 9963129
TI  - Subtleties of arithmetical quantum chaos.

PMID- 9963132
TI  - Exact results for a model of interface growth.

PMID- 9963131
TI  - Phase separation of crystal surfaces: A lattice gas approach.

PMID- 9963133
TI  - Inside-outside duality for planar billiards: A numerical study.

PMID- 9963135
TI  - Effective action method for the Langevin equation.

PMID- 9963136
TI  - Memory effects and virial corrections in nonequilibrium dense systems.

PMID- 9963134
TI  - Flame propagation in random media.

PMID- 9963137
TI  - Global vector field reconstruction from a chaotic experimental signal in copper
      electrodissolution.

PMID- 9963138
TI  - Dissipative quantum systems with a potential barrier: General theory and the
      parabolic barrier.

PMID- 9963139
TI  - Social force model for pedestrian dynamics.

PMID- 9963140
TI  - Non-Boltzmann behavior from the Boltzmann equation.

PMID- 9963141
TI  - Fluctuation of the number of particles adsorbed on surfaces under the influence
      of gravity.

PMID- 9963142
TI  - Einstein-Kubo-Helfand and McQuarrie relations for transport coefficients.

PMID- 9963143
TI  - Pressure tensor of the hard-disk Lorentz gas.

PMID- 9963144
TI  - Field-theoretic approximations for normal diffusion in random velocity fields.

PMID- 9963145
TI  - State diagram of polydisperse elastic-disk systems.

PMID- 9963146
TI  - Density profiles in a diphasic lattice-gas model.

PMID- 9963147
TI  - Numerical evaluation of the permeability and the Kozeny constant for two types of
      porous media.

PMID- 9963148
TI  - Rupture and coalescence in two-dimensional cellular automata fluids.

PMID- 9963150
TI  - Burgers turbulence with random forcing: Similarity functional solution of the
      Hopf equation.

PMID- 9963149
TI  - Heat flux vector in highly inhomogeneous nonequilibrium fluids.

PMID- 9963151
TI  - Mode resonance and wavelength-halving instability in the Taylor-Dean system.

PMID- 9963152
TI  - Quasi-one-component theory of homogeneous binary nucleation.

PMID- 9963153
TI  - Sonoluminescing bubbles and mass diffusion.

PMID- 9963154
TI  - Dynamics of defects in parametrically excited capillary ripples.

PMID- 9963155
TI  - Shallow water waves on the rotating sphere.

PMID- 9963156
TI  - Statistical mechanics of point vortices.

PMID- 9963157
TI  - Probability distribution function for the gradient of a passive scalar diffusing
      in isotropic turbulence: Mapping-closure model.

PMID- 9963158
TI  - Langevin approach to a chemical wave front: Selection of the propagation velocity
      in the presence of internal noise.

PMID- 9963159
TI  - General relation for stationary probability density functions.

PMID- 9963161
TI  - Instability of two-dimensional solitons and vortices in defocusing media.

PMID- 9963162
TI  - Growth shapes and turbulent spots in unstable systems.

PMID- 9963160
TI  - Dynamics of viscous fingers and threshold instability.

PMID- 9963163
TI  - Density functional theory of ordering in charge-stabilized colloidal dispersions.

PMID- 9963164
TI  - Macroscopic theory for the flow behavior of smectic-C and smectic-C* liquid
      crystals.

PMID- 9963165
TI  - Fluctuation analysis of tension-controlled undulation forces between giant
      vesicles and solid substrates.

PMID- 9963167
TI  - Isotropic-nematic interface of liquid-crystalline polymers.

PMID- 9963166
TI  - Depolarized light-scattering study of molten zinc chloride.

PMID- 9963169
TI  - Inclusion of density variation in the Landau-de Gennes theory of the nematic
      isotropic phase transition.

PMID- 9963170
TI  - Smectic-A surface order in a nematic-substrate system.

PMID- 9963168
TI  - Single-particle dynamics of water molecules in confined space.

PMID- 9963172
TI  - Smectic-C-smectic-I critical point in a liquid crystal mixture: Static and
      dynamic thermal behavior.

PMID- 9963171
TI  - Desorption-induced fragmentation of silica aggregates.

PMID- 9963174
TI  - Weakly nonlinear morphological instability of a spherical crystal growing from a
      pure undercooled melt.

PMID- 9963173
TI  - Ion correlations in a micellar solution studied by small-angle neutron and x-ray
      scattering.

PMID- 9963175
TI  - Axisymmetrical rotation of a sand heap.

PMID- 9963176
TI  - Testing mode-coupling theory for a supercooled binary Lennard-Jones mixture I:
      The van Hove correlation function.

PMID- 9963177
TI  - Nucleation of wetting layers.

PMID- 9963178
TI  - Avalanches and the directed percolation depinning model: Experiments,
      simulations, and theory.

PMID- 9963180
TI  - Dynamics of premelted films: Frost heave in a capillary.

PMID- 9963179
TI  - Crystalline fluidized beds.

PMID- 9963181
TI  - Microemulsion model with oil-water anisotropy.

PMID- 9963182
TI  - Light-scattering study of phase transitions in hexatic liquid-crystal films.

PMID- 9963183
TI  - How shear flow of a semidilute suspension modifies its self-mobility.

PMID- 9963184
TI  - X-ray reflectivity measurements and Landau theory of smectic wetting in liquid
      crystal-benzyl alcohol mixtures.

PMID- 9963185
TI  - Critical compositions in the microphase separation transition of random
      copolymers.

PMID- 9963186
TI  - Membrane curvature studied using two-dimensional NMR in fluid lipid bilayers.

PMID- 9963187
TI  - Two-dimensional exchange 2H NMR experiments of phospholipid bilayers on a
      spherical solid support.

PMID- 9963188
TI  - Symmetry-broken double fingers and seaweed patterns in thin-film directional
      solidification of a nonfaceted cubic crystal.

PMID- 9963189
TI  - Diffusion-limited annihilation with initially separated reactants.

PMID- 9963190
TI  - Inverse bremsstrahlung in strong radiation fields at low temperatures.

PMID- 9963191
TI  - Nonlinear oblique modulation of ion-acoustic waves in a multicomponent plasma
      with negative ions.

PMID- 9963192
TI  - Higher-order contributions to ion-acoustic solitary waves in a multicomponent
      plasma consisting of warm ions and two-component nonisothermal electrons.

PMID- 9963193
TI  - Structure of O2- in dense helium gas.

PMID- 9963194
TI  - Anomalous transport in turbulent plasmas and continuous time random walks.

PMID- 9963195
TI  - Increased kilo-electron-volt x-ray yields from Z-pinch plasmas by mixing elements
      of similar atomic numbers.

PMID- 9963196
TI  - Nonlinear ponderomotive scattering of relativistic electrons by an intense laser
      field at focus.

PMID- 9963197
TI  - Diffusive processes in a stochastic magnetic field.

PMID- 9963198
TI  - Envelope evolution of a laser pulse in an active medium.

PMID- 9963199
TI  - Pressure ionization in the spherical ion-cell model of dense plasmas and a
      pressure formula in the relativistic Pauli approximation.

PMID- 9963200
TI  - Effect of configuration widths on the spectra of local thermodynamic equilibrium
      plasmas.

PMID- 9963201
TI  - Influence of ion dynamics on the width and shift of isolated He I lines in
      plasmas. II.

PMID- 9963202
TI  - Time-resolved density measurements of x-ray-heated Teflon foils using absorption
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9963203
TI  - Generally covariant relativistic anisotropic magnetohydrodynamics.

PMID- 9963204
TI  - Quasilinear evolution of cyclotron maser instability.

PMID- 9963205
TI  - Nonlinear response of electric fields at a neutral point.

PMID- 9963206
TI  - Stimulated microwave emission from E x B drifting electrons in slow-wave
      cavities: A quantum approach.

PMID- 9963208
TI  - Discreteness effects on the double sine-Gordon kink.

PMID- 9963207
TI  - Effects of a nonlinear damping force in synchrotrons with electron cooling.

PMID- 9963210
TI  - Numerical analyses of the collision of localized structures in the Davey
      Stewartson equations.

PMID- 9963209
TI  - Gap-soliton propagation in nonuniform gratings.

PMID- 9963211
TI  - Periodical waves, domain walls, and modulational instability in dispersive
      quadratic nonlinear media.

PMID- 9963212
TI  - Ground state of the Frenkel-Kontorova model with a transverse degree of freedom.

PMID- 9963213
TI  - Self-focusing of plane dark solitons in nonlinear defocusing media.

PMID- 9963214
TI  - Versatility and adaptive performance.

PMID- 9963215
TI  - Democratic reinforcement: A principle for brain function.

PMID- 9963216
TI  - Finite signal transmission times and synaptic memory in neural networks.

PMID- 9963217
TI  - Calculation of the dynamics of drug binding in a netropsin-DNA complex.

PMID- 9963218
TI  - Spontaneous nucleation of microtubules.

PMID- 9963220
TI  - Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: High-resolution path-integral
      calculation of short-term memory.

PMID- 9963219
TI  - Spatiotemporal processing in neural networks with random synaptic background
      activity.

PMID- 9963221
TI  - Long-range correlation properties of coding and noncoding DNA sequences:  GenBank
      analysis.
AB  - An open question in computational molecular biology is whether long-range
      correlations are present in both coding and noncoding DNA or only in the latter. 
      To answer this question, we consider all 33301 coding and all 29453 noncoding
      eukaryotic sequences--each of length larger than 512 base pairs (bp)--in the
      present release of the GenBank to dtermine whether there is any statistically
      significant distinction in their long-range correlation properties.  Standard
      fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis indicates that coding sequences have
      practically no correlations in the range from 10 bp to 100 bp (spectral exponent
      beta=0.00 +/- 0.04, where the uncertainty is two standard deviations).  In
      contrast, for noncoding sequences, the average value of the spectral exponent
      beta is positive (0.16 +/- 0.05) which unambiguously shows the presence of long
      range correlations.  We also separately analyze the 874 coding and the 1157
      noncoding sequences that have more than 4096 bp and find a larger region of power
      law behavior.  We calculate the probability that these two data sets (coding and
      noncoding) were drawn from the same distribution and we find that it is less than
      10(-10).  We obtain independent confirmation of these findings using the method
      of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), which is designed to treat sequences
      with statistical heterogeneity, such as DNA's known mosaic structure
      ("patchiness") arising from the nonstationarity of nucleotide concentration.  The
      near-perfect agreement between the two independent analysis methods, FFT and DFA,
      increases the confidence in the reliability of our conclusion.

PMID- 9963222
TI  - Statistical errors in histogram reweighting.

PMID- 9963223
TI  - Asymptotic diffusion coefficient of particles in a random medium.

PMID- 9963224
TI  - Coherent structures in coupled map lattices.

PMID- 9963225
TI  - Instability of weakly nonlinear chaotic structures.

PMID- 9963226
TI  - Controlling the unstable steady state in a multimode laser.

PMID- 9963227
TI  - Supersymmetric time-continuous discrete random walks.

PMID- 9963228
TI  - Gibbs-ensemble molecular dynamics: Liquid-gas equilibrium in a Lennard-Jones
      system.

PMID- 9963229
TI  - Lyapunov exponents and the merger of point-vortex clusters.

PMID- 9963230
TI  - Equilibrium states of two-dimensional turbulence: An experimental study.

PMID- 9963231
TI  - Three-dimensional negative eddy viscosity effect on the onset of instability in
      some planar flows.

PMID- 9963232
TI  - Universal spatiotemporal scaling in the dynamics of one-dimensional pattern
      selection.

PMID- 9963233
TI  - Generalized Kelvin equation and the water content of a cloud.

PMID- 9963235
TI  - Relative intensities of Delta n=0 transitions within the n=2 and n=3 levels in
      nitrogenlike Ar XII from a theta -pinch plasma.

PMID- 9963234
TI  - Observation of O V visible transitions in a tokamak divertor plasma.

PMID- 9963236
TI  - Transient regime and superradiance in a short-pulse free-electron-laser
      oscillator.

PMID- 9963237
TI  - Relation between relativistic quantum mechanics and classical electromagnetic
      field theory.

PMID- 9963238
TI  - Algebraic solitary-wave polaritons in far-infrared transients.

PMID- 9963239
TI  - Scattering in a two-dimensional photonic crystal: An analytical model.

PMID- 9963240
TI  - Gibbs-ensemble path-integral Monte Carlo simulations of a mixed quantum-classical
      fluid.

PMID- 9963241
TI  - Comment on "Energy balance for a dissipative system"

PMID- 9963242
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Energy balance for a dissipative system' "

PMID- 9963243
TI  - How a solid can be turned into a gas without passing through a first-order phase
      transformation.

PMID- 9963244
TI  - Stochastic resonance in the strong-forcing limit.

PMID- 9963245
TI  - Theory of the size distribution in three-dimensional grain growth.

PMID- 9963247
TI  - Generating partition for the standard map.

PMID- 9963246
TI  - Geometric scaling of correlation decay in chaotic billiards.

PMID- 9963248
TI  - Statistical theory of sedimentation of disordered suspensions.

PMID- 9963249
TI  - Viscous fingering: A singularity in Laplacian growth models.

PMID- 9963251
TI  - Frequency selection of spiral waves in liquid crystals.

PMID- 9963250
TI  - Experimental indication of a devil's staircase structure in a smectic liquid
      crystal.

PMID- 9963252
TI  - Construction and investigation of a hard-sphere crystal-melt interface by a
      molecular dynamics simulation.

PMID- 9963254
TI  - Intermittent energy bursts and recurrent topological change of a twisting
      magnetic flux tube.

PMID- 9963253
TI  - Diffusion field around a dendrite growing under microgravity.

PMID- 9963256
TI  - Periodic forcing of a Brownian particle.

PMID- 9963255
TI  - Broken ergodicity and the geometry of rugged landscapes.

PMID- 9963257
TI  - Formulation of a moment method for multidimensional Fokker-Planck equations.

PMID- 9963259
TI  - Transmission fluctuations and spectral rigidity of lasing states in a random
      amplifying medium.

PMID- 9963258
TI  - Finite-size effects of correlation lengths in planar uniaxial ferromagnets.

PMID- 9963261
TI  - Resonant driving of chaotic orbits.

PMID- 9963260
TI  - Crucial formula for determination of the occurrence of the nonchaotic states in
      rf-biased nonlinear oscillators.

PMID- 9963263
TI  - Stochastic resonance in Ising systems.

PMID- 9963262
TI  - Theory of second- and higher-order stochastic processes.

PMID- 9963264
TI  - Nonlinear excitations and their energy spectra in one-dimensional bilinearly
      coupled spin systems.

PMID- 9963265
TI  - Chaotic scattering and diffusion in the Lorentz gas.

PMID- 9963266
TI  - Minimum energy dissipation river networks with fractal boundaries.

PMID- 9963268
TI  - Universal behavior of correlations between eigenvalues of random matrices.

PMID- 9963267
TI  - Bistability and oscillations in a surface reaction model.

PMID- 9963269
TI  - Synchronization and control in a unidirectionally coupled array of chaotic diode
      resonators.

PMID- 9963271
TI  - Long-time traces of the initial condition in relaxation phenomena near
      criticality.

PMID- 9963270
TI  - Statistical properties of the delay time matrix.

PMID- 9963272
TI  - Signatures of classical periodic orbits on a smooth quantum system.

PMID- 9963273
TI  - Numerical simulation of two-dimensional late-stage coarsening for nucleation and
      growth.

PMID- 9963274
TI  - Structure of random fractals and the probability distribution of random walks.

PMID- 9963275
TI  - Symmetry properties in surface growth models.

PMID- 9963276
TI  - Avoided crossings: Curvature distribution and behavior of eigenfunctions of
      pseudointegrable and chaotic billiards.

PMID- 9963278
TI  - Statics and dynamics of an interface in a temperature gradient.

PMID- 9963277
TI  - Universal correlations for deterministic plus random Hamiltonians.

PMID- 9963280
TI  - Early stage scaling in phase ordering kinetics.

PMID- 9963279
TI  - Long-time behavior of correlation functions in the finite ideal gas.

PMID- 9963281
TI  - Chaotic scattering in reactive collisions: A classical analysis.

PMID- 9963282
TI  - High-accuracy Trotter-formula method for path integrals.

PMID- 9963283
TI  - Energy-scaling approach to phase-ordering growth laws.

PMID- 9963284
TI  - Exact solution of a one-dimensional deterministic sandpile model.

PMID- 9963285
TI  - Genuine electromagnetic wave chaos.

PMID- 9963287
TI  - Ballistic annihilation in a one-dimensional fluid.

PMID- 9963286
TI  - Anomalous diffusion and the correspondence principle.

PMID- 9963289
TI  - Velocity autocorrelation function of interacting Brownian particles.

PMID- 9963288
TI  - Ballistic-annihilation kinetics for a multivelocity one-dimensional ideal gas.

PMID- 9963290
TI  - Dynamic temperature propagation in a pure fluid near its critical point observed
      under microgravity during the German Spacelab Mission D-2.

PMID- 9963292
TI  - Gabor transform and intermittency in turbulence.

PMID- 9963291
TI  - Molecular dynamics simulations of passive transport in two-dimensional Rayleigh
      Benard convection.

PMID- 9963293
TI  - Numerical renormalization-group calculations for similarity solutions and
      traveling waves.

PMID- 9963294
TI  - Scaling properties of a class of shell models.

PMID- 9963295
TI  - Fractal dimension of velocity signals in high-Reynolds-number hydrodynamic
      turbulence.

PMID- 9963296
TI  - Statistics of a passive scalar advected by a large-scale two-dimensional velocity
      field: Analytic solution.

PMID- 9963297
TI  - Entropy cascade and temporal intermittency in a shell model for convective
      turbulence.

PMID- 9963298
TI  - Convection in binary fluid mixtures. I. Extended traveling-wave and stationary
      states.

PMID- 9963299
TI  - Convection in binary fluid mixtures. II. Localized traveling waves.

PMID- 9963300
TI  - Turbulence and internal waves in side-heated convection.

PMID- 9963301
TI  - Equations of motion for superfluids.

PMID- 9963302
TI  - Quasiparticle pair creation in unstable superflow.

PMID- 9963304
TI  - Hydrodynamics of domain relaxation in a polymer monolayer.

PMID- 9963303
TI  - Strong-property-fluctuation theory for homogenizing chiral particulate
      composites.

PMID- 9963305
TI  - Sign inversion of the spontaneous polarization in induced liquid crystalline
      smectic-C* phases.

PMID- 9963307
TI  - Volumetric and transport properties in microemulsions and the point of view of
      percolation theory.

PMID- 9963306
TI  - Percolation disorder in viscous and nonviscous flow through porous media.

PMID- 9963308
TI  - Computer simulation study of the permeability of driven polymers through porous
      media.

PMID- 9963309
TI  - Critical behavior of the nematic-isotropic phase transition.

PMID- 9963310
TI  - Onsager's reciprocal relation and the hydraulic permeability of porous media.

PMID- 9963311
TI  - Metastable dynamics above the glass transition.

PMID- 9963312
TI  - Diffusion of clusters with randomly growing masses.

PMID- 9963314
TI  - Static and dynamic critical behavior of a binary polymer blend in the strong
      fluctuation limit: A light scattering study.

PMID- 9963313
TI  - Coil-globule transition of poly(methyl methacrylate) in a mixed solvent.

PMID- 9963315
TI  - Structure and dynamics of breaking foams.

PMID- 9963317
TI  - Polyelectrolyte configuration in a disordered medium.

PMID- 9963316
TI  - Hexatic order in thin smectic-F liquid-crystal films.

PMID- 9963318
TI  - Spinodal decomposition of a three-component water-in-oil microemulsion system.

PMID- 9963319
TI  - Domain structure and switching behavior of anisotropic gels.

PMID- 9963320
TI  - Density-functional theory and atomistic simulation of the hard-sphere melt-solid
      interface.

PMID- 9963322
TI  - Microscopic boundary layer model for a particle in entangled polymers: Steady
      state particle diffusivity.

PMID- 9963321
TI  - Effect of a stabilizing magnetic field on the electric-field-induced Freedericksz
      transition in 4-n-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl.

PMID- 9963323
TI  - Slippage of linear flows of entangled polymers on surfaces.

PMID- 9963324
TI  - Neutron-scattering studies of binary mixtures in silica gels.

PMID- 9963325
TI  - Conditional distribution function approach to the theory of the solid-nematic
      fluid interface.

PMID- 9963326
TI  - Electrohydrodynamic convection in a homeotropically aligned nematic sample.

PMID- 9963327
TI  - Simulation study of the isotropic-to-nematic transitions of semiflexible
      polymers.

PMID- 9963329
TI  - Monte Carlo study of living polymers with the bond-fluctuation method.

PMID- 9963328
TI  - High-pressure specific-heat spectroscopy at the glass transition in o-terphenyl.

PMID- 9963330
TI  - Migration and fragmentation of invasion percolation clusters in two-dimensional
      porous media.

PMID- 9963332
TI  - Critical behavior in the presence of a disordered environment.

PMID- 9963331
TI  - Interaction of dilute colloidal particles in a mixed solvent.

PMID- 9963333
TI  - Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of oscillatory sliding motion in a
      colloidal suspension system.

PMID- 9963334
TI  - Modulated structures of the smectic-C* phase in free-standing films with high
      spontaneous polarization.

PMID- 9963335
TI  - Structure of soft-sphere dipolar fluids.

PMID- 9963336
TI  - Phase coexistence of a Stockmayer fluid in an applied field.

PMID- 9963337
TI  - Effect of transport mechanisms on the irreversible adsorption of large molecules.

PMID- 9963338
TI  - Particle-cluster aggregation with dipolar interactions.

PMID- 9963339
TI  - Electric and thermal resistivities in dense high-Z plasmas.

PMID- 9963340
TI  - Diagnostics of plasmas with substantial concentrations of atomic oxygen.

PMID- 9963341
TI  - xuv spectra of optical-field-ionized plasmas.

PMID- 9963342
TI  - Transport coefficients in a weakly ionized nonequilibrium plasma.

PMID- 9963343
TI  - Ion kinetics and symmetric charge-transfer collisions in low-current, diffuse
      (Townsend) discharges in argon and nitrogen.

PMID- 9963344
TI  - Non-Taylor magnetohydrodynamic self-organization.

PMID- 9963345
TI  - Effects of relativistic electrons on the calculated collective Thomson scattered
      spectra.

PMID- 9963347
TI  - Experimental investigation and fast two-dimensional self-consistent kinetic
      modeling of a low-pressure inductively coupled rf discharge.

PMID- 9963346
TI  - Space-resolved electron density and temperature measurements of line-shaped laser
      plasmas.

PMID- 9963348
TI  - Linear and nonlinear modes in nonrelativistic electron-positron plasmas.

PMID- 9963350
TI  - Betatron coupling and related impact of radiation.

PMID- 9963349
TI  - Modeling of microwave discharges in the presence of plasma resonances.

PMID- 9963352
TI  - Observation of nonlinear localized modes in an electrical lattice.

PMID- 9963351
TI  - Nanometer-beam-size measurement during collisions at linear colliders.

PMID- 9963353
TI  - Time-dependent photon migration using path integrals.

PMID- 9963355
TI  - Bistability in simulated granular flow along corrugated walls.

PMID- 9963354
TI  - Deriving the transmission and reflection coefficients of an optically active
      medium without using boundary conditions.

PMID- 9963356
TI  - Optical conductance fluctuations: Diagrammatic analysis in the Landauer approach
      and nonuniversal effects.

PMID- 9963357
TI  - Friction-induced self-organization of a one-dimensional array of particles.

PMID- 9963358
TI  - Solvent effects on supercoiled DNA dynamics explored by Langevin dynamics
      simulations.

PMID- 9963360
TI  - Noise-induced synchronous neuronal oscillations.

PMID- 9963359
TI  - Simulation of hydrogen bonding and hydration in pure lipid bilayers.

PMID- 9963361
TI  - Dilution in a linear neural network.

PMID- 9963362
TI  - Algorithm to extract the spanning clusters and calculate conductivity in strip
      geometries.

PMID- 9963363
TI  - Control of systems with friction.

PMID- 9963365
TI  - Deterministic spontaneous appearance of traffic jams in slightly inhomogeneous
      traffic flow.

PMID- 9963364
TI  - Controlling chaos in unidimensional maps using constant feedback.

PMID- 9963366
TI  - Departure from Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics makes the hydrogen-atom specific heat a
      computable quantity.

PMID- 9963367
TI  - Self-similarity in rain forests: Evidence for a critical state.

PMID- 9963368
TI  - Predicting and characterizing data sequences from structure-variable systems.

PMID- 9963369
TI  - Reaction kinetics of annihilating particles with anomalous diffusion.

PMID- 9963370
TI  - Estimation of the order-parameter exponent of critical cellular automata using
      the enhanced coherent anomaly method.

PMID- 9963371
TI  - Quantum dissipation is a dynamical collective effect.

PMID- 9963372
TI  - Kinetic equations for a dissipative quantum system driven by dichotomous noise:
      An exact result.

PMID- 9963374
TI  - Asymptotic dissipation rate in turbulence.

PMID- 9963373
TI  - Single-particle distributions for small hard particle systems in the
      microcanonical and in the molecular-dynamics ensembles.

PMID- 9963375
TI  - Elasticity-driven texture selection mechanism in mesophase carbon fibers.

PMID- 9963376
TI  - Shear-induced orientational effects in discotic-liquid-crystal micelles.

PMID- 9963378
TI  - Excitation mechanism of hydrogen Balmer lines in a fast plasma-mixing device.

PMID- 9963377
TI  - Influence of gravity on the jamming-limit coverage for the random deposition of
      large spheres on one- and two-dimensional collectors.

PMID- 9963379
TI  - Plasma-beam interaction in a wiggler.

PMID- 9963380
TI  - Periodic solitons in optics.

PMID- 9963381
TI  - Enhanced transmission due to disorder.

PMID- 9963382
TI  - Parametric x radiation from thick crystals.

PMID- 9963383
TI  - Storage capacity and generalization error for the reversed-wedge Ising
      perceptron.

PMID- 9963384
TI  - Comment on "Signature of classical chaos on quantum tunneling"

PMID- 9963385
TI  - Comment on "Two-loop renormalization-group analysis of the Burgers-Kardar-Parisi
      Zhang equation"

PMID- 9963386
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Two-loop renormalization-group analysis of the Burgers
      Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation' "

PMID- 9963387
TI  - Fractal potentials from energy levels.

PMID- 9963388
TI  - Reply to "Fractal potentials from energy levels"

PMID- 9963389
TI  - Erratum: Eigenspectrum and localization for diffusion with traps

PMID- 9963391
TI  - Normalization sum rule and spontaneous breaking of U(N) invariance in random
      matrix ensembles.

PMID- 9963390
TI  - Percolation and the pore geometry of crustal rocks.

PMID- 9963392
TI  - Kinetics of phase ordering with topological textures.

PMID- 9963394
TI  - Some inertial range correlators in fully developed turbulence.

PMID- 9963393
TI  - Traveling-wave fragments in anisotropic excitable media.

PMID- 9963396
TI  - Anchoring strength of a lyotropic nematic liquid crystal.

PMID- 9963395
TI  - Chemically driven convection can stabilize Turing patterns.

PMID- 9963397
TI  - Heat front propagation in femtosecond-laser-heated solids.

PMID- 9963398
TI  - Observation of coherent Smith-Purcell radiation from short-bunched electrons.

PMID- 9963400
TI  - Possible universality in the size distribution of fish schools.

PMID- 9963399
TI  - Halo formation induced by density nonuniformities in intense ion beams.

PMID- 9963401
TI  - Equation of state of a hydrogen plasma by density functional molecular dynamics.

PMID- 9963402
TI  - Potts model on the Bethe lattice with mixed interactions.

PMID- 9963403
TI  - Localization in disordered structures: Breakdown of the self-averaging
      hypothesis.

PMID- 9963404
TI  - Coherence-preserving chaos in a mixed quantum classical description.

PMID- 9963405
TI  - Open surfaces and gauge-invariant Ising models.

PMID- 9963407
TI  - Catalysis on microstructured surfaces: Pattern formation during CO oxidation in
      complex Pt domains.

PMID- 9963406
TI  - Self-organized critical scaling at surfaces.

PMID- 9963408
TI  - Experimental control of chaos in a laser.

PMID- 9963409
TI  - Dynamics of spiral waves in excitable media subjected to external periodic
      forcing.

PMID- 9963410
TI  - Systematic perturbation solution for Brownian motion in a biased periodic
      potential field.

PMID- 9963412
TI  - Global stability of stationary patterns in bistable reaction-diffusion systems.

PMID- 9963411
TI  - Coupled map lattices as models of deterministic and stochastic differential delay
      equations.

PMID- 9963413
TI  - Simulating a Brownian type of motion: The rescaling-velocity approach versus the
      Langevin approach.

PMID- 9963415
TI  - Influence of defects in a coupled map lattice modeling earthquakes.

PMID- 9963414
TI  - Statistical measures of chaos in quantum systems.

PMID- 9963416
TI  - Colored-noise problem: A Markovian interpolation procedure.

PMID- 9963417
TI  - Semiclassical model for quantum dissipation.

PMID- 9963418
TI  - Quantum transition-state theory below the crossover temperature.

PMID- 9963419
TI  - Off-diagonal long-range order, pair distribution function, and structure factor
      of the ideal Fermi gas in D dimensions and Price's inequality.

PMID- 9963420
TI  - Kolmogorov-Smirnov test distinguishes attractors with similar dimensions.

PMID- 9963422
TI  - Blending chaotic attractors using the synchronization of chaos.

PMID- 9963421
TI  - Distribution of the first return time in fractional Brownian motion and its
      application to the study of on-off intermittency.

PMID- 9963424
TI  - Determination of limit cycles for two-dimensional dynamical systems.

PMID- 9963423
TI  - Traffic jams, granular flow, and soliton selection.

PMID- 9963425
TI  - Thermal Schrodinger equation.

PMID- 9963426
TI  - Lattice thermal conductivity via homogeneous nonequilibrium molecular dynamics.

PMID- 9963427
TI  - Oscillatory instability in thermal cracking: A first-order phase-transition
      phenomenon.

PMID- 9963428
TI  - Coarsening in the q-state Potts model and the Ising model with globally conserved
      magnetization.

PMID- 9963429
TI  - Spatial properties of integrable and nonintegrable discrete nonlinear Schrodinger
      equations.

PMID- 9963431
TI  - Singular continuous spectra in dissipative dynamics.

PMID- 9963430
TI  - Growth of long-range correlations after a quench in phase-ordering systems.

PMID- 9963432
TI  - Searching periodic orbits with a modulation based on Shannon entropy.

PMID- 9963433
TI  - Brownian motion in fluctuating media.

PMID- 9963434
TI  - Shock waves and time scales to reach equipartition in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam model.

PMID- 9963436
TI  - Cell-dynamics modeling of oscillator systems.

PMID- 9963435
TI  - Stochastic resonance in a mean-field model of cooperative behavior.

PMID- 9963437
TI  - Nonlinear dynamic elements with noisy sinusoidal forcing: Enhancing response via
      nonlinear coupling.

PMID- 9963438
TI  - Measurement trajectories of chaotic quantum systems.

PMID- 9963439
TI  - Unified inversion technique for fermion and boson integral equations.

PMID- 9963440
TI  - Method to study relaxation of metastable phases: Macroscopic mean-field dynamics.

PMID- 9963441
TI  - Surface roughening with quenched disorder in high dimensions: Exact results for
      the Cayley tree.

PMID- 9963443
TI  - Mean first-passage times for systems driven by equilibrium persistent-periodic
      dichotomous noise.

PMID- 9963442
TI  - Semiclassical quantization using Bogomolny's quantum surface of section.

PMID- 9963444
TI  - Exact calculations of the relaxation for a model of electron transfer with strong
      electronic coupling.

PMID- 9963445
TI  - Stochastic dynamics of quantum jumps.

PMID- 9963446
TI  - Lattice plasma in infinitely many dimensions.

PMID- 9963448
TI  - Dynamic interaction between discontinuity and noninvertibility: An analytical
      study.

PMID- 9963447
TI  - Correlations in binary sequences and a generalized Zipf analysis.

PMID- 9963450
TI  - Nonlinear resonance and chaos in the relativistic phase space for driven
      nonlinear systems.

PMID- 9963449
TI  - Extended and localized states of generalized kicked Harper models.

PMID- 9963451
TI  - Iterated function system and diffusion in the presence of disorder and traps.

PMID- 9963453
TI  - Global flow waves in chemically induced convection.

PMID- 9963452
TI  - Phase of the Riemann zeta function and the inverted harmonic oscillator.

PMID- 9963454
TI  - Negative dimensions of the turbulent dissipation field.

PMID- 9963455
TI  - Correlations and renormalization in lattice gases.

PMID- 9963456
TI  - Inhomogeneity of viscous aqueous solutions.

PMID- 9963457
TI  - Langmuir turbulence and three-wave nonlinear dynamics.

PMID- 9963458
TI  - Analytic solution of the mean spherical approximation for a dipolar hard-sphere
      fluid with intracore anisotropic sticky interactions.

PMID- 9963459
TI  - Ellipsometric measurement of universal critical adsorption integrals.

PMID- 9963460
TI  - Description of the geometrical and topological structure in amphiphilic systems.

PMID- 9963461
TI  - Critical-point and coexistence-curve properties of the Lennard-Jones fluid: A
      finite-size scaling study.

PMID- 9963462
TI  - Density expansion for the mobility in a quantum Lorentz model.

PMID- 9963463
TI  - Temperature and entropy production operator in Fourier heat conduction.

PMID- 9963465
TI  - Model of intermittency in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence.

PMID- 9963464
TI  - Instability nature of the swirl appearance in liquid cones.

PMID- 9963466
TI  - Influence of the Dufour effect on convection in binary gas mixtures.

PMID- 9963467
TI  - Dynamical simulation of fluidized beds: Hydrodynamically interacting granular
      particles.

PMID- 9963468
TI  - Off-specular x-ray scattering in Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers of a liquid
      crystalline polymer.

PMID- 9963469
TI  - Director deformation of a twisted chiral nematic liquid crystal cell with weak
      anchoring boundaries.

PMID- 9963470
TI  - Nematic order director fluctuations and nuclear magnetic relaxation of a confined
      liquid crystal.

PMID- 9963472
TI  - Alignment tensor versus director: Description of defects in nematic liquid
      crystals.

PMID- 9963471
TI  - Tetrahedral symmetry in nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9963473
TI  - Video microscope and elastic light scattering studies of fast-mode kinetics in
      surface-mediated spinodal decomposition.

PMID- 9963475
TI  - Dynamics in viscous orthoterphenyl: Results from coherent neutron scattering.

PMID- 9963474
TI  - Hydrodynamic interaction of particles with grafted polymer brushes and
      applications to rheology of colloidal dispersions.

PMID- 9963476
TI  - Static and dynamic light scattering in nonionic critical micellar solutions of
      water-pentaethylene glycol n-dodecylether.

PMID- 9963478
TI  - Cluster formation, standing waves, and stripe patterns in oscillatory active
      media with local and global coupling.

PMID- 9963477
TI  - Adsorption in a spherical cavity.

PMID- 9963480
TI  - Neutron scattering study of the picosecond dynamics of polybutadiene and
      polyisoprene.

PMID- 9963479
TI  - Curvature controlled wetting in two dimensions.

PMID- 9963481
TI  - Scaling of fractal aggregates.

PMID- 9963482
TI  - Fluid diffusion through a porous solid: Nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics
      simulation.

PMID- 9963483
TI  - Concentration dependence of solution shear viscosity and solute mass diffusivity
      in crystal growth from solutions.

PMID- 9963484
TI  - Viscosity of a one-component polarizable fluid.

PMID- 9963485
TI  - Geometrical percolation threshold of overlapping ellipsoids.

PMID- 9963486
TI  - Spinodal decomposition of a symmetric binary fluid mixture in quasi two
      dimensions: Local orientational ordering of fluid tubes.

PMID- 9963487
TI  - Randomly charged polymers: An exact enumeration study.

PMID- 9963488
TI  - Experimental probes of bond orientational order models of blue phase III of
      chiral liquid crystals.

PMID- 9963489
TI  - Metastable dynamics of the hard-sphere system.

PMID- 9963490
TI  - Making a (colloidal) liquid: A van der Waals approach.

PMID- 9963491
TI  - Hierarchically correlated patterns in Potts neural networks.

PMID- 9963492
TI  - Multifractal analysis of solvent accessibilities in proteins.

PMID- 9963494
TI  - Chromosome mapping: Radiation hybrid data and stochastic spin models.

PMID- 9963493
TI  - Replica symmetry breaking in a diluted network with binary couplings.

PMID- 9963495
TI  - Helical coordinate system and electrostatic fields of double-helix charge
      distributions.

PMID- 9963496
TI  - Pinned polymer model of posture control.

PMID- 9963497
TI  - Excitation of Ar lines in the cathode region of a dc discharge.

PMID- 9963498
TI  - Heavy-ion interaction in a nonisothermal plasma with two-ion correlation effects.

PMID- 9963499
TI  - Vortex filament dynamics in plasmas and superconductors.

PMID- 9963500
TI  - Effect of plasma single-particle excitations on the rate of nuclear reactions in
      the sun.

PMID- 9963501
TI  - Front-curvature effects in the dynamics of confined radiatively bistable plasmas:
      Perfect patterns and Ostwald ripening.

PMID- 9963502
TI  - Electron distribution function in a low-pressure inductively coupled plasma.

PMID- 9963503
TI  - Tunability of free-electron lasers.

PMID- 9963504
TI  - Influence of multiple electron scattering on the gain in a gas-loaded free
      electron laser.

PMID- 9963505
TI  - Theory of relativistic cyclotron masers.

PMID- 9963506
TI  - Two-dimensional charge densities in intense rectangular ion beams with space
      charge neutralization.

PMID- 9963507
TI  - Transverse stability of bunch trains.

PMID- 9963509
TI  - Refractive indices for extraordinary waves in uniaxial crystals.

PMID- 9963508
TI  - Muon transverse ionization cooling: Stochastic approach.

PMID- 9963511
TI  - Soliton interaction near the zero-dispersion wavelength.

PMID- 9963510
TI  - Nonlinear electromagnetics in chiral media: Self-action of waves.

PMID- 9963512
TI  - Modulational instabilities in dispersion-flattened fibers.

PMID- 9963513
TI  - Nonlinear anomalous ferromagnetic Faraday effect.

PMID- 9963514
TI  - Structural properties of kinks and domain walls in nonlinear oscillatory
      lattices.

PMID- 9963516
TI  - Propagation in random media: Calculation of the effective dispersive permittivity
      by use of the replica method.

PMID- 9963515
TI  - Solitons in the periodic Korteweg-de Vries equation, the FTHETA-function
      representation, and the analysis of nonlinear, stochastic wave trains.

PMID- 9963517
TI  - Stochastic model for tunneling processes: The question of superluminal behavior.

PMID- 9963518
TI  - Photonic band gaps for arrays of perfectly conducting cylinders.

PMID- 9963519
TI  - Statistical properties of the eigenfrequency distribution of three-dimensional
      microwave cavities.

PMID- 9963521
TI  - Solid-fluid boundaries in particle suspension simulations via the lattice
      Boltzmann method.

PMID- 9963520
TI  - Stationary soliton bound states existing in resonance with linear waves.

PMID- 9963523
TI  - Simultaneous multigrid techniques for nonlinear eigenvalue problems: Solutions of
      the nonlinear Schrodinger-Poisson eigenvalue problem in two and three dimensions.

PMID- 9963522
TI  - Fast Monte Carlo algorithms for knotted polymers.

PMID- 9963524
TI  - Construction of invariant tori in chaotic regions.

PMID- 9963525
TI  - Analytic approach to the problem of convergence of truncated Levy flights towards
      the Gaussian stochastic process.

PMID- 9963526
TI  - Mechanism of noise-induced resonance.

PMID- 9963527
TI  - Transition density of diffusion on the Sierpinski gasket and extension of Flory's
      formula.

PMID- 9963528
TI  - Universal scaling in coupled maps.

PMID- 9963529
TI  - Geometric properties of isovorticity surfaces in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence.

PMID- 9963530
TI  - Nonequilibrium structures in reacting fluids subject to external forces.

PMID- 9963531
TI  - Critical behavior of heat capacity at the smectic-C alpha *-smectic-A transition
      of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal methylheptyloxycarbonylphenyl
      octyloxybiphenyl carboxylate (MHPOBC).

PMID- 9963532
TI  - Influence of spatial inhomogeneities on the Freedericksz threshold.

PMID- 9963533
TI  - Diverging length scales at first-order wetting transitions.

PMID- 9963534
TI  - Analytic treatment of cooperativity effects in supercooled liquids within the
      framework of the random-walk model.

PMID- 9963535
TI  - Partially polarized beams in nonlinear Thomson scattering.

PMID- 9963536
TI  - Line integral formula for scattering of waves from a thin plate.

PMID- 9963537
TI  - Modulational instability of an axisymmetric state in a two-dimensional Kerr
      medium.

PMID- 9963539
TI  - Comment on "Fluctuating interfaces in microemulsion and sponge phases"

PMID- 9963538
TI  - Nonlinear transient dynamics of the driven Klein-Gordon solitons.

PMID- 9963540
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Fluctuating interfaces in microemulsion and sponge phases'
      "

PMID- 9963541
TI  - Dynamical properties of a growing surface on a random substrate.

PMID- 9963542
TI  - Universality in models for disorder-induced phase transitions.

PMID- 9963544
TI  - Slow domain growth in a system with competing interactions.

PMID- 9963543
TI  - Existence of long-range order in the steady state of a two-dimensional, two
      temperature XY model.

PMID- 9963545
TI  - In-plane anchoring energy in ferroelectric liquid crystals: Evidence for its
      existence and measurement.

PMID- 9963546
TI  - Evidence for a discotic smectic-nematic phase induced in Langmuir-Blodgett films.

PMID- 9963547
TI  - Structure of molecular liquids.

PMID- 9963548
TI  - Bulk and surface correlations in a microemulsion.

PMID- 9963549
TI  - Dynamics of concentration-dependent ionic currents.

PMID- 9963551
TI  - Nonunique stationary states in driven collisional systems with application to
      plasmas.

PMID- 9963550
TI  - Modified Mackey-Glass model of respiration control.

PMID- 9963553
TI  - Sporadic chaos in space-time dynamical processes.

PMID- 9963552
TI  - Expected number of sites visited by a constrained n-step random walk.

PMID- 9963554
TI  - Microparticle driven by parametric and random forces: Theory and experiment.

PMID- 9963555
TI  - Semiclassical features in the quantum description of a Dirac particle in a
      cavity.

PMID- 9963556
TI  - Energy density profiles in critical films.

PMID- 9963557
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of phase transitions in a two-dimensional random-bond
      Potts model.

PMID- 9963558
TI  - Multifractal analysis: Pitfalls of standard procedures and alternatives.

PMID- 9963559
TI  - Scaling of hysteresis in the Ising model and cell-dynamical systems in a linearly
      varying external field.

PMID- 9963560
TI  - Evolution of probability densities in stochastic coupled map lattices.

PMID- 9963561
TI  - Emergence of quasiperiodicity in symmetrically coupled, identical period-doubling
      systems.

PMID- 9963563
TI  - Generalization of the Planck radiation law and application to the cosmic
      microwave background radiation.

PMID- 9963562
TI  - Hysteresis in a quantum spin model.

PMID- 9963564
TI  - Thermodynamics in the presence of electromagnetic fields.

PMID- 9963566
TI  - Dielectric-breakdown-type crack-growth models and the fractal distribution of
      earthquake faults.

PMID- 9963565
TI  - Effects of mobile vacancies on the dynamics of ordering and phase separation in
      nonconserved multicomponent systems.

PMID- 9963567
TI  - Dynamics of two coupled van der Pol oscillators.

PMID- 9963568
TI  - Plane-wave quantization for polygonal billiards.

PMID- 9963569
TI  - Topologically inequivalent embeddings.

PMID- 9963570
TI  - Static and dynamic two-dimensional patterns in self-extinguishing discharge
      avalanches.

PMID- 9963571
TI  - Periodic lattices of chaotic defects.

PMID- 9963572
TI  - Distribution of the number of distinct sites visited by random walks in
      disordered lattices.

PMID- 9963573
TI  - Control of low-dimensional spatiotemporal chaos in Fourier space.

PMID- 9963575
TI  - Properties of border states of transient chaos.

PMID- 9963574
TI  - Brownian parametric quantum oscillator with dissipation.

PMID- 9963577
TI  - Brownian type of motion of a randomly kicked particle far from and close to the
      diffusion limit.

PMID- 9963576
TI  - Ordering kinetics of two-dimensional O(2) models: Scaling and temperature
      dependence.

PMID- 9963578
TI  - Injection-induced bifurcations of transverse spatiotemporal patterns in
      semiconductor laser arrays.

PMID- 9963579
TI  - Thermally activated escape with potential fluctuations driven by an Ornstein
      Uhlenbeck process.

PMID- 9963580
TI  - Growth of long-range correlations in a transition between heat conduction and
      convection.

PMID- 9963581
TI  - Convective instabilities induced by an exothermic autocatalytic chemical
      reaction.

PMID- 9963582
TI  - Calculation of the dynamics of gravity-induced density profiles near a liquid
      vapor critical point.

PMID- 9963583
TI  - Pressure tensor for inhomogeneous fluids.

PMID- 9963585
TI  - Source-enhanced condensation in monocomponent disperse systems.

PMID- 9963584
TI  - Unsteady models for the nonlinear evolution of the mixing layer.

PMID- 9963587
TI  - Kinetic structure of a two-dimensional liquid.

PMID- 9963586
TI  - Effects of conductivity in electric-field-induced aggregation in
      electrorheological fluids.

PMID- 9963588
TI  - Stress tensor and viscosity of water: Molecular dynamics and generalized
      hydrodynamics results.

PMID- 9963589
TI  - Steady-state shear flows via nonequilibrium molecular dynamics and smooth
      particle applied mechanics.

PMID- 9963590
TI  - Self-organization of solitons for the dissipative Korteweg-de Vries equation.

PMID- 9963591
TI  - Nucleation structures in reaction-diffusion-convection systems.

PMID- 9963592
TI  - Hydrodynamics from dissipative particle dynamics.

PMID- 9963593
TI  - Renormalization-group analysis of the smectic-A1-smectic-Ad phase transition in
      liquid crystals.

PMID- 9963594
TI  - Multicritical point involving hexatic smectic phases.

PMID- 9963595
TI  - Modeling molecular order and dynamics of a liquid crystal by deuteron NMR.

PMID- 9963597
TI  - Front propagation into unstable and metastable states in smectic-C* liquid
      crystals: Linear and nonlinear marginal-stability analysis.

PMID- 9963596
TI  - Mean-field coefficients and the electroclinic effect of a ferroelectric liquid
      crystal.

PMID- 9963598
TI  - Topology and nematic ordering. I. A gauge theory.

PMID- 9963599
TI  - Topology and nematic ordering. II. Observable critical behavior.

PMID- 9963600
TI  - Effect of shear flow on the turbidity of a critical colloidal dispersion.

PMID- 9963601
TI  - Ostwald ripening in a two-dimensional system: Correlation effects.

PMID- 9963602
TI  - Metastability in fluctuation-driven first-order transitions: Nucleation of
      lamellar phases.

PMID- 9963603
TI  - Optical investigations in the various phases of an antiferroelectric liquid
      crystal.

PMID- 9963604
TI  - Extinction cross section of an arbitrary body in a viscous incompressible fluid.

PMID- 9963605
TI  - Multiparticle reactions with spatial anisotropy.

PMID- 9963606
TI  - Critical behavior of a cationic-surfactant-water-salt system near and far from
      the Krafft temperature.

PMID- 9963607
TI  - Crossover from flocculation to gelation in two-dimensional aggregation induced by
      an alternating electrical field.

PMID- 9963608
TI  - Computer simulation of the rheology of grafted chains under shear.

PMID- 9963609
TI  - Linear viscoelasticity in lipid bilayers of vesicles.

PMID- 9963611
TI  - Regulation of ramified electrochemical growth by a diffusive wave.

PMID- 9963610
TI  - From monolayers to bilayers: Effective rigidity and compressibility in asymmetric
      ternary amphiphilic systems.

PMID- 9963612
TI  - Phase diagram and critical behavior of the ferromagnetic Heisenberg fluid from
      density-functional theory.

PMID- 9963614
TI  - Electrorheological resonance observed in a colloidal suspension.

PMID- 9963613
TI  - Failure of the Harris criterion for directed polymers on hierarchical lattices.

PMID- 9963616
TI  - Statistical physics theory of query learning by an ensemble of higher-order
      neural networks.

PMID- 9963615
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the nonlinear relationship between neutron or x-ray
      reflectance and the scattering-length-density profile.

PMID- 9963617
TI  - Gradient descent learning in perceptrons: A review of its possibilities.

PMID- 9963618
TI  - Large relativistic density pulses in electron-positron-ion plasmas.

PMID- 9963619
TI  - High-resolution measurement, line identification, and spectral modeling of the K
      beta spectrum of heliumlike Ar16+

PMID- 9963620
TI  - Radiation scattering in intense-field harmonic-generation experiments.

PMID- 9963621
TI  - Spectroscopic study of laser-produced plasmas in hydrogen.

PMID- 9963622
TI  - Length scale, quasiperiodicity, resonances, separatrix crossings, and chaos in
      the weakly relativistic Zakharov equations.

PMID- 9963624
TI  - Computer simulation of dislocation dechanneling in bent crystals at tera-electron
      volt energies.

PMID- 9963623
TI  - High-efficiency beam-wave interaction in quasiperiodic structures.

PMID- 9963626
TI  - Periodic trajectories in right-triangle billiards.

PMID- 9963625
TI  - Third cumulant of the total transmission of diffuse waves.

PMID- 9963627
TI  - Granular temperature: Experimental analysis.

PMID- 9963628
TI  - Stochastic phase space dynamics with constraints for molecular systems.

PMID- 9963629
TI  - Transient and crisis-induced intermittencies in high-power ferromagnetic
      resonance.

PMID- 9963630
TI  - Langevin description of the response of a stochastic mean-field model driven by a
      time-periodic field.

PMID- 9963631
TI  - Transition to nonchaotic behavior in a Brownian-type motion.

PMID- 9963632
TI  - Preferred equilibrium structures of a smectic-A phase grown from an isotropic
      phase: Origin of focal conic domains.

PMID- 9963633
TI  - Particle-particle aggregation with 1/r2 forces in reduced gravity environments.

PMID- 9963634
TI  - Determination of minimum-dissipation states with self-consistent resistivity in
      magnetized plasmas.

PMID- 9963636
TI  - Forward scattering of light in inhomogeneous binary dielectric media.

PMID- 9963635
TI  - Experimental control of chaos in a periodically driven glow discharge.

PMID- 9963638
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Absence of chaos in a self-organized critical coupled map
      lattice' "

PMID- 9963637
TI  - Comment on "Absence of chaos in a self-organized critical coupled map lattice"

PMID- 9963639
TI  - Comment on "Small-scale intermittency in randomly stirred fluids"

PMID- 9963640
TI  - Erratum: Statistical cycling in coupled map lattices

PMID- 9963641
TI  - Erratum: Orientation of alkyl chains and hindered rotation of carbonyl groups in
      the smectic-C* phase of antiferroelectric liquid crystals studied by polarized
      Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

PMID- 9963642
TI  - Desynchronization by periodic orbits.

PMID- 9963643
TI  - Surface deconstruction and roughening in the multiziggurat model of wetting.

PMID- 9963644
TI  - Growth equation with a conservation law.

PMID- 9963645
TI  - On-off intermittency in a coupled-map lattice system.

PMID- 9963646
TI  - Unusual universality of branching interfaces in random media.

PMID- 9963647
TI  - Internal surface, orientational order, and distribution of a polymer network in a
      liquid crystal matrix.

PMID- 9963649
TI  - Flow topology associated with disjoint eddies in an asymmetric film-splitting
      problem.

PMID- 9963648
TI  - Transverse interlayer order in lyotropic smectic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9963650
TI  - Step-by-step thinning of free-standing films above the smectic-A-nematic phase
      transition.

PMID- 9963651
TI  - Ginzburg criterion for the mean-field to three-dimensional Ising crossover in
      polymer blends.

PMID- 9963652
TI  - Renormalization group analysis of the anisotropic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation
      with spatially correlated noise.

PMID- 9963653
TI  - Anomalous roughness exponent of growing interfaces in a disordered medium.

PMID- 9963654
TI  - Folding RNA with the minimal loss of entropy.

PMID- 9963655
TI  - Self-focusing of ion channels in cell adhesion.

PMID- 9963656
TI  - Effects of laser spatial incoherence with finite correlation length on the space
      time behavior of backscattering instabilities.

PMID- 9963657
TI  - Spectral distribution of drums with fractal perimeters: The Weyl-Berry-Lapidus
      conjecture.

PMID- 9963658
TI  - Field behavior of an Ising model with competing interactions on the Bethe
      lattice.

PMID- 9963659
TI  - Fluctuations close to equilibrium.

PMID- 9963660
TI  - Calculation by scaling of highly excited states of billiards.

PMID- 9963661
TI  - Two exact lattice propagators.

PMID- 9963662
TI  - Thermodynamic approach to deterministic diffusion of mixed enhanced-dispersive
      type.

PMID- 9963663
TI  - Parametric spectral correlations of disordered systems in the Fourier domain.

PMID- 9963665
TI  - Computational study of effects of uniaxial compression during processes of
      spinodal decomposition.

PMID- 9963664
TI  - Crystallization patterns of monomers with a nearest-neighbor interaction on a
      multilayered semi-infinite square lattice.

PMID- 9963666
TI  - Fluctuations and decoherence in classical chaos: A model study of a Kubo
      oscillator generated by a chaotic system.

PMID- 9963668
TI  - Lagrangians of physics and the game of Fisher-information transfer.

PMID- 9963667
TI  - Crisis-induced intermittency in a third-order electrical circuit.

PMID- 9963669
TI  - Multiple responses at the boundaries of the vulnerable window in the Belousov
      Zhabotinsky reaction.

PMID- 9963671
TI  - Translational invariance in the kicked harmonic oscillator.

PMID- 9963670
TI  - Transition to chaos in a laser system with delayed feedback.

PMID- 9963672
TI  - Monomer-dimer surface-reaction model: Influence of the dimer adsorption
      mechanism.

PMID- 9963673
TI  - Estimation of mutual information using kernel density estimators.

PMID- 9963674
TI  - Characterization of low-energy mode vibrations in chaos using entropy balance
      versus the amplitude-based Karhunen-Loeve expansion.

PMID- 9963675
TI  - Natural symmetries and regularization by means of weak parametric modulations in
      the forced pendulum.

PMID- 9963677
TI  - Saddles, singularities, and extrema in random phase fields.

PMID- 9963676
TI  - Thermostatted molecular dynamics: How to avoid the Toda demon hidden in Nose
      Hoover dynamics.

PMID- 9963678
TI  - Clustering and relaxation in Hamiltonian long-range dynamics.

PMID- 9963679
TI  - Analysis of sensor signals shows turning on a lathe exhibits low-dimensional
      chaos.

PMID- 9963680
TI  - Alternative method to find orbits in chaotic systems.

PMID- 9963682
TI  - Lyapunov exponents of systems with elastic hard collisions.

PMID- 9963681
TI  - Dynamics of the dissipative two-level system driven by external telegraph noise.

PMID- 9963684
TI  - Solid-on-solid model with next-nearest-neighbor interaction for epitaxial growth.

PMID- 9963683
TI  - Reaction-diffusion system with Brusselator kinetics: Control of a quasiperiodic
      route to chaos.

PMID- 9963685
TI  - Universal time dependence of the mean-square displacement in extremely rugged
      energy landscapes with equal minima.

PMID- 9963687
TI  - Survival of deterministic dynamics in the presence of noise and the exponential
      decay of power spectra at high frequency.

PMID- 9963686
TI  - Semiclassical study of avoided crossings.

PMID- 9963689
TI  - Spectral statistics in the quantized cardioid billiard.

PMID- 9963688
TI  - Quenching a rotating vortex in an excitable medium.

PMID- 9963691
TI  - Coupled maps on trees.

PMID- 9963690
TI  - Diffusive hysteresis at high and low driving frequencies.

PMID- 9963692
TI  - Reduction of overdamped stochastic processes in the coherent state
      representation.

PMID- 9963694
TI  - Markovian and rotating-wave approximations versus exact solution of damped
      quantum oscillator.

PMID- 9963693
TI  - Decoherence, delocalization, and irreversibility in quantum chaotic systems.

PMID- 9963696
TI  - Spatial organization in the reaction A+B-->(inert) for particles with drift.

PMID- 9963695
TI  - Phase ordering in the Ising model with conserved spin.

PMID- 9963698
TI  - Intermittency effects inherent in turbulence.

PMID- 9963697
TI  - Kinetics of A+B-->0 with driven diffusive motion.

PMID- 9963699
TI  - Boundary-layer turbulence as a kangaroo process.

PMID- 9963701
TI  - Diffusive transport in a one-dimensional disordered potential involving
      correlations.

PMID- 9963700
TI  - Structural approach to the modeling of a turbulent mixing layer.

PMID- 9963702
TI  - Microcirculations in turbulent flows.

PMID- 9963703
TI  - Shear viscosity from a dynamic density-functional theory.

PMID- 9963704
TI  - Scaling theory of particle annihilation in systems with a long-range interaction.

PMID- 9963706
TI  - Finite-amplitude regimes of the short-wave Marangoni-Benard convective
      instability.

PMID- 9963705
TI  - Rheological properties of confined thin films.

PMID- 9963707
TI  - Dynamics of the passive scalar in compressible turbulent flow: Large-scale
      patterns and small-scale fluctuations.

PMID- 9963708
TI  - Algorithm to compute void statistics for random arrays of disks.

PMID- 9963709
TI  - Differential theory of fluids below the critical temperature: Study of the
      Lennard-Jones fluid and of a model of C60.

PMID- 9963711
TI  - Triplet structure of simple liquids.

PMID- 9963710
TI  - Long-time tails in lattice gases violating detailed balance.

PMID- 9963713
TI  - Origins of the two-step relaxation and the boson peak in an alkali silicate glass
      studied by molecular-dynamics simulation.

PMID- 9963712
TI  - Long-range correlations in nonequilibrium Lorentz gases.

PMID- 9963714
TI  - Dimerlike smectic-A and -C phases in highly fluorinated thermotropic liquid
      crystals.

PMID- 9963715
TI  - Symmetry of the Freedericksz transition in nonchiral nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9963716
TI  - Influence of the saddle-splay energy on the structure of cholesteric liquid
      crystals confined to a capillary.

PMID- 9963718
TI  - Variational bounds for first-passage-time problems in stratified porous media.

PMID- 9963717
TI  - Rotational diffusion in concentrated colloidal dispersions of hard spheres.

PMID- 9963720
TI  - Phase separation of binary fluids in porous media: Asymmetries in pore geometry
      and fluid composition.

PMID- 9963719
TI  - Finite-element analysis of electrostatic interactions in electrorheological
      fluids.

PMID- 9963721
TI  - Structure and dynamics of C60 molecules in liquid CS2 from neutron scattering.

PMID- 9963722
TI  - Mobility of a reptating polymer with fast diffusion of stored length.

PMID- 9963723
TI  - Adsorption and desorption of a wetting fluid in Vycor studied by acoustic and
      optical techniques.

PMID- 9963724
TI  - Three-dimensional dendrite-tip morphology.

PMID- 9963725
TI  - Dynamic correlations in a dense dipolar liquid.

PMID- 9963726
TI  - Effect of substrate corrugation on the spreading of polymer droplets.

PMID- 9963727
TI  - Diffusion of a self-avoiding polymer.

PMID- 9963728
TI  - Late-stage kinetics of systems with competing interactions quenched into the
      hexagonal phase.

PMID- 9963729
TI  - Effects of long-range repulsive interactions on Ostwald ripening.

PMID- 9963730
TI  - Finite-size effects in diffusion-limited aggregation.

PMID- 9963732
TI  - Information theory and local learning rules in a self-organizing network of Ising
      spins.

PMID- 9963731
TI  - Surface effects on spinodal decomposition in the framework of a linearized
      theory.

PMID- 9963733
TI  - Collective aspects of protein folding illustrated by a toy model.

PMID- 9963734
TI  - On-line versus off-line learning in the linear perceptron: A comparative study.

PMID- 9963735
TI  - Pseudoinverse techniques, information theory, and the training of feedforward
      networks.

PMID- 9963737
TI  - Synchronization in a network of neuronal oscillators with finite storage
      capacity.

PMID- 9963736
TI  - Predicting slow structural transitions in macromolecular systems: Conformational
      flooding.

PMID- 9963738
TI  - Statistical mechanics of supercoiled DNA.

PMID- 9963740
TI  - Nonlinear excitations in two-dimensional molecular structures with impurities.

PMID- 9963741
TI  - Observation of KL-->LL x-ray satellites of aluminum in femtosecond laser-produced
      plasmas.

PMID- 9963739
TI  - Systematic analysis of coding and noncoding DNA sequences using methods of
      statistical linguistics.
AB  - We compare the statistical properties of coding and noncoding regions in
      eukaryotic and viral DNA sequences by adapting two tests developed for the
      analysis of natural languages and symbolic sequences.  The data set comprises all
      30 sequences of length above 50 000 base pairs in GenBank Release No. 81.0, as
      well as the recently published sequences of C. elegans chromosome III (2.2 Mbp)
      and yeast chromosome XI (661 Kbp).  We find that for the three chromosomes we
      studied the statistical properties of noncoding regions appear to be closer to
      those observed in natural languages than those of coding regions.  In particular,
      (i) a n-tuple Zipf analysis of noncoding regions reveals a regime close to power
      law behavior while the coding regions show logarithmic behavior over a wide
      interval, while (ii) an n-gram entropy measurement shows that the noncoding
      regions have a lower n-gram entropy (and hence a larger "n-gram redundancy") than
      the coding regions.  In contrast to the three chromosomes, we find that for
      vertebrates such as primates and rodents and for viral DNA, the difference
      between the statistical properties of coding and noncoding regions is not
      pronounced and therefore the results of the analyses of the investigated
      sequences are less conclusive.  After noting the intrinsic limitations of the n
      gram redundancy analysis, we also briefly discuss the failure of the zeroth- and
      first-order Markovian models or simple nucleotide repeats to account fully for
      these "linguistic" features of DNA.  Finally, we emphasize that our results by no
      means prove the existence of a "language" in noncoding DNA.

PMID- 9963742
TI  - Proposed physical model for very hot electron shell structures in electron
      cyclotron resonance-driven plasmas.

PMID- 9963743
TI  - Two-temperature frequency-dependent electrical resistivity in solid density
      plasmas produced by ultrashort laser pulses.

PMID- 9963745
TI  - Rate coefficients of photoionization in hot dense plasmas.

PMID- 9963744
TI  - Response of the electron density and temperature to the power interruption
      measured by Thomson scattering in an inductively coupled plasma.

PMID- 9963746
TI  - Diffusion of atomic hydrogen in an atmospheric-pressure free-burning arc
      discharge.

PMID- 9963747
TI  - Collective effects in the energy loss of ion beams in fusion plasmas.

PMID- 9963748
TI  - Nonlinear electrostatic waves in collisionless plasmas.

PMID- 9963750
TI  - Ion-acoustic nonlinear periodic waves in a two-electron-temperature plasma.

PMID- 9963751
TI  - Small-signal analysis of coherent multimode coupling and optical guiding in a
      Raman free-electron laser.

PMID- 9963749
TI  - Ball lightning as an example of a magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium.

PMID- 9963753
TI  - Coherent beam-beam interaction with four colliding beams.

PMID- 9963752
TI  - Enhanced optical klystron gain with a multiharmonic wiggler.

PMID- 9963754
TI  - Self-consistent simulation studies of periodically focused intense charged
      particle beams.

PMID- 9963755
TI  - Scattering of partially coherent electromagnetic fields by microstructured media.

PMID- 9963756
TI  - Sorting approach to magnetic random errors.

PMID- 9963757
TI  - Polarization instabilities in birefringent fibers: A comparison between
      continuous waves and solitons.

PMID- 9963758
TI  - Experimental test of the diffusion approximation for multiply scattered sound.

PMID- 9963759
TI  - Multiple scattering of classical waves in systems with liquidlike correlations:
      Formulation as a liquid-state theory.

PMID- 9963760
TI  - Frequency dependence of the penetration of electromagnetic fields through a small
      coupling hole in a thick wall.

PMID- 9963761
TI  - Nature of Schott corrections.

PMID- 9963762
TI  - Rotating ring-shaped bright solitons.

PMID- 9963763
TI  - Symmetry properties and exact patterns in birefringent optical fibers.

PMID- 9963764
TI  - Asymptotic wave-wave processes beyond cascading in quadratic nonlinear optical
      materials.

PMID- 9963765
TI  - Harmonic generation, induced nonlinearity, and optical bistability in nonlinear
      composites.

PMID- 9963766
TI  - Order-N method for force calculation in many-dislocation systems.

PMID- 9963767
TI  - Physical models as tests of randomness.

PMID- 9963768
TI  - Nonergodicity, accelerator modes, and asymptotic quadratic-in-time diffusion in a
      class of volume-preserving maps.

PMID- 9963769
TI  - Hyperscaling in the Domany-Kinzel cellular automaton.

PMID- 9963770
TI  - Convergence of continued-fraction representation for the Green's function in the
      Hubbard model.

PMID- 9963771
TI  - Interfacial kinetic roughening with correlated noise.

PMID- 9963772
TI  - Bistable kinetic model driven by correlated noises: Unified colored-noise
      approximation.

PMID- 9963773
TI  - Punctuated-equilibrium model of biological evolution is also a self-organized
      criticality model of earthquakes.

PMID- 9963775
TI  - Chaos, noise, and synchronization reconsidered.

PMID- 9963774
TI  - Dynamic behavior of the critical 2(

PMID- 9963777
TI  - Multiple-scale perturbation analysis of the direct interaction approximation for
      inertial-range turbulence.

PMID- 9963776
TI  - Intermittency, the second-order structure function, and the turbulent energy
      dissipation rate.

PMID- 9963779
TI  - Structure of the stochastic layer of a perturbed resonant triad.

PMID- 9963778
TI  - Stieltjes integral representation of effective diffusivities in time-dependent
      flows.

PMID- 9963780
TI  - Slow dynamics of segregation in hydrogen-bonded polymer blends.

PMID- 9963782
TI  - Kinetic and thermodynamic definitions of the critical nucleus in nucleation
      theory.

PMID- 9963781
TI  - Association in a Lennard-Jones fluid from a second-order Percus-Yevick equation.

PMID- 9963784
TI  - Dynamics of growing interfaces in porous media with viscous fingering.

PMID- 9963783
TI  - Light scattering from the L3 (sponge) phase: Evidence against logarithmic
      corrections to ideal scaling.

PMID- 9963785
TI  - Theory of field-gradient NMR diffusometry of polymer segment displacements in the
      tube-reptation model.

PMID- 9963786
TI  - Delayed random walks.

PMID- 9963787
TI  - Response of plasma electrons to a spatially embedded electric field impulse.

PMID- 9963788
TI  - Variational principle for the asymptotic speed of fronts of the density-dependent
      diffusion-reaction equation.

PMID- 9963789
TI  - Simulation studies of pressure and density wave propagations in vertically
      vibrated beds of granules.

PMID- 9963790
TI  - Comment on "Equation of state and phase diagrams for dense multi-ionic mixture
      plasmas"

PMID- 9963791
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Equation of state and phase diagrams for dense multi-ionic
      mixture plasmas' "

PMID- 9963792
TI  - Erratum: Reunion and survival of interacting walkers

PMID- 9963793
TI  - Non-Poisson statistics of reactive events and nonexponential kinetics.

PMID- 9963794
TI  - Controlling chaos by pinning neurons in a neural network.

PMID- 9963795
TI  - Distributions of self-interactions and voids in (1+1)-dimensional directed
      percolation.

PMID- 9963796
TI  - Dynamic scaling: Distinguishing self-organized from generically critical systems.

PMID- 9963797
TI  - Chaoticity spectrum in Hamiltonian systems with many degrees of freedom.

PMID- 9963798
TI  - Modified method for synchronizing and cascading chaotic systems.

PMID- 9963799
TI  - Surmounting a fluctuating double well: A numerical study.

PMID- 9963800
TI  - Spontaneous polarization parallel to the tilt plane in the antiferroelectric
      chiral smectic-CA phase of liquid crystals as observed by polarized infrared
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 9963801
TI  - Critical fluctuations near the smectic-A-smectic-C transition of a partially
      perfluorinated compound.

PMID- 9963802
TI  - Double layer relaxation at rough electrodes.

PMID- 9963804
TI  - Long-range anticorrelations and non-Gaussian behavior of a leaky faucet.

PMID- 9963803
TI  - Molecular ordering of precursor films during spreading of tiny liquid droplets.

PMID- 9963805
TI  - Attraction of charged particulates in plasmas with finite flows.

PMID- 9963806
TI  - Interaction of an electron beam with nonuniform gas flow.

PMID- 9963807
TI  - Transverse instabilities for multiple nonrigid bunches in a storage ring.

PMID- 9963809
TI  - Range of spectral correlations in pseudointegrable systems: Gaussian-orthogonal
      ensemble statistics in a rectangular membrane with a point scatterer.

PMID- 9963808
TI  - Soliton pinning by long-range order in aperiodic systems.

PMID- 9963810
TI  - Quantum resonance in an intrinsically degenerate system: Nonlinear cyclotron
      resonance.

PMID- 9963811
TI  - Experimental control of a chaotic pendulum with unknown dynamics using delay
      coordinates.

PMID- 9963812
TI  - Solution moment stability in stochastic differential delay equations.

PMID- 9963813
TI  - Systematic adiabatic analysis of a nonlinear oscillator with inertia driven by
      colored noise.

PMID- 9963814
TI  - One-dimensional quantum random walk for fermions and bosons.

PMID- 9963815
TI  - Stochastic dynamics of gravity in one dimension.

PMID- 9963816
TI  - Interface roughening in systems with quenched disorder.

PMID- 9963818
TI  - Statistics for mathematical properties of maps between time series embeddings.

PMID- 9963817
TI  - Conditions for synchronization in Josephson-junction arrays.

PMID- 9963819
TI  - Ergodic property of a Henon-Heiles model with reflecting walls.

PMID- 9963820
TI  - Lack of universality in two-dimensional multicomponent spreading phenomena.

PMID- 9963821
TI  - Kinetics of catalytic reactions with diffusional relaxation.

PMID- 9963823
TI  - Lack of self-averaging in critical disordered systems.

PMID- 9963822
TI  - Theory of the absorption probability density of diffusing particles in the
      presence of a dynamic trap.

PMID- 9963824
TI  - Optimal finite-time endoreversible processes.

PMID- 9963825
TI  - Equations of state of a dilute gas under a heat flux.

PMID- 9963826
TI  - Heat generation required by information erasure.

PMID- 9963828
TI  - Bifurcations and pattern formation in a two-dimensional Navier-Stokes fluid.

PMID- 9963827
TI  - Dynamic multiscaling of the reaction-diffusion front for mA+nB-->0.

PMID- 9963829
TI  - Bethe ansatz solution for crossover scaling functions of the asymmetric XXZ chain
      and the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang-type growth model.

PMID- 9963830
TI  - Chaotic scattering theory, thermodynamic formalism, and transport coefficients.

PMID- 9963831
TI  - Multiparameter control of chaos.

PMID- 9963832
TI  - Suppression and creation of chaos in a periodically forced Lorenz system.

PMID- 9963833
TI  - Block-analyzing method in cellular automata.

PMID- 9963834
TI  - Role of percolation in diffusion on random lattices.

PMID- 9963835
TI  - Evolution of randomly perturbed Korteweg-de Vries solitons.

PMID- 9963836
TI  - Structure of variational principles in nonequilibrium thermodynamics.

PMID- 9963837
TI  - Resonant islands without separatrix chaos.

PMID- 9963838
TI  - Cooperative effects in the nonlinearly driven spin-boson system.

PMID- 9963840
TI  - Analog simulation of stochastic systems in a metastable piecewise quasilinear
      potential driven by band-limited white noise.

PMID- 9963839
TI  - Coin tossing as a billiard problem.

PMID- 9963842
TI  - Pressure of the hard-sphere solid.

PMID- 9963841
TI  - Dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the energy distribution of random
      barriers.

PMID- 9963843
TI  - Dissipation in quantum physics.

PMID- 9963844
TI  - Breathing and wiggling motions in three-species laterally inhibitory systems.

PMID- 9963845
TI  - Scaling and intermittency in Burgers turbulence.

PMID- 9963846
TI  - Formation of wrinkles in outwardly propagating flames.

PMID- 9963847
TI  - Effect of a shear flow on the planform of thermal convection in a fluid of
      variable viscosity.

PMID- 9963849
TI  - Coupled Burgers equations: A model of polydispersive sedimentation.

PMID- 9963848
TI  - Small Froude number asymptotics in two-dimensional two-phase flows.

PMID- 9963851
TI  - Calculation of effective interaction potentials from radial distribution
      functions: A reverse Monte Carlo approach.

PMID- 9963850
TI  - Scaling properties of numerical two-dimensional turbulence.

PMID- 9963852
TI  - Multicomponent turbulence, the spherical limit, and non-Kolmogorov spectra.

PMID- 9963853
TI  - Nonequilibrium effects in model reactive systems: The role of species
      temperatures.

PMID- 9963854
TI  - Transport properties in a binary mixture under shear flow.

PMID- 9963856
TI  - Non-Gaussian probability distribution of a velocity field in uniform straining
      flow turbulence.

PMID- 9963855
TI  - Domain growth in computer simulations of segregating two-dimensional binary
      fluids.

PMID- 9963857
TI  - Renormalization for reaction-front propagation in a fully developed turbulent
      shear flow.

PMID- 9963858
TI  - Exact resummations in the theory of hydrodynamic turbulence. I. The ball of
      locality and normal scaling.

PMID- 9963859
TI  - Exact resummations in the theory of hydrodynamic turbulence. II. A ladder to
      anomalous scaling.

PMID- 9963860
TI  - Orientational wetting layer of semiflexible polymers near a hard wall.

PMID- 9963861
TI  - Smectic-A and smectic-A2 phases in aligned cylinders with a cylindrical
      attractive square well at one end.

PMID- 9963862
TI  - Phase-excitation spectrum of ferroelectric liquid crystals in an external static
      electric field.

PMID- 9963863
TI  - Computer simulation of domain growth in ferroelectric liquid crystals.

PMID- 9963864
TI  - Effects of grafting geometry and solvent quality on the structure of bimodal
      polymer brushes.

PMID- 9963865
TI  - Supersaturated electrolyte solutions: Theory and experiment.

PMID- 9963866
TI  - Transient grating in a ferrofluid under magnetic field: Effect of magnetic
      interactions on the diffusion coefficient of translation.

PMID- 9963867
TI  - Conformation-space renormalization of randomly branched polymers.

PMID- 9963868
TI  - Second approximation coefficient for the binary distribution function of ions for
      the primitive model of an electrolyte solution.

PMID- 9963869
TI  - Flow of simple liquids down narrow ssV grooves.

PMID- 9963871
TI  - Sponge-lamellar instability of fluctuating membranes.

PMID- 9963870
TI  - Dirac chains in the presence of hairpins.

PMID- 9963873
TI  - Shear-induced phase separation of complex fluids: The role of flow-concentration
      coupling.

PMID- 9963872
TI  - Shear flow in the infinite-shear-rate limit.

PMID- 9963874
TI  - Glass transition in confined geometry.

PMID- 9963876
TI  - Brownian motion of colloidal particles in a model porous medium.

PMID- 9963875
TI  - Fast dynamics of glass-forming glycerol.

PMID- 9963877
TI  - Phase diagrams of nearly-hard-sphere binary colloids.

PMID- 9963878
TI  - Orientational dependence of the interfacial tension in the adhesive-sphere
      system.

PMID- 9963879
TI  - Steady states for viscous fingers with anisotropic surface tension.

PMID- 9963880
TI  - Irreversible diffusion-limited cluster aggregation: The behavior of the scattered
      intensity.

PMID- 9963881
TI  - Singularities and avalanches in interface growth with quenched disorder.

PMID- 9963882
TI  - Scaling properties of driven interfaces in disordered media.

PMID- 9963883
TI  - Crack instabilities of a heated glass strip.

PMID- 9963884
TI  - Inhomogeneous fluid membranes: Segregation, ordering, and effective rigidity.

PMID- 9963885
TI  - Critical adsorption in the undersaturated regime.

PMID- 9963886
TI  - Testing mode-coupling theory for a supercooled binary Lennard-Jones mixture. II.
      Intermediate scattering function and dynamic susceptibility.

PMID- 9963887
TI  - Brownian dynamics simulation of dense binary colloidal mixtures. I. Structural
      evolution and dynamics.

PMID- 9963888
TI  - Brownian dynamics simulation of dense binary colloidal mixtures. II.
      Translational and bond-orientational order.

PMID- 9963889
TI  - Nonlinear dc electrical response in a bilayer lipid membrane: Effect of bathing
      solutions.

PMID- 9963890
TI  - Chemical amplifier, self-ignition mechanism, and amoeboid cell migration.

PMID- 9963891
TI  - Driven transport of fluid vesicles through narrow pores.

PMID- 9963893
TI  - Model simulations of DNA dynamics.

PMID- 9963892
TI  - Gaussian random energy model and Dyson's model for the origin of metabolism.

PMID- 9963894
TI  - On-line learning in soft committee machines.

PMID- 9963896
TI  - Hydrodynamics and dynamic fluctuations of fluid membranes.

PMID- 9963895
TI  - Effect of vesicle size on the heat capacity anomaly at the gel to liquid
      crystalline phase transition in unilamellar vesicles of
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine.

PMID- 9963898
TI  - Modified Fokker-Planck approach to steady-state distributions in plasmas.

PMID- 9963897
TI  - Counterstreaming electrons and ions in Pierce-like diodes.

PMID- 9963899
TI  - Generalized relaxation theory and vortices in plasmas.

PMID- 9963900
TI  - Longitudinal and transverse diffusion coefficients for Li+ ion swarms in Kr gas.

PMID- 9963902
TI  - Steady-state magnetic field in the Alfven resonance region.

PMID- 9963901
TI  - Electron-ion equilibration in a strongly coupled plasma.

PMID- 9963903
TI  - van der Pol behavior of relaxation oscillations in a periodically driven
      thermionic discharge.

PMID- 9963904
TI  - C VI Lyman line profiles from 10-ps KrF-laser-produced plasmas.

PMID- 9963905
TI  - High-gradient acceleration of electrons in a plasma-loaded wiggler.

PMID- 9963906
TI  - Schottky noise in a laser-cooled ion beam.

PMID- 9963907
TI  - Coupling impedances of small discontinuities: A general approach.

PMID- 9963908
TI  - Optical diffusion imaging using a direct inversion method.

PMID- 9963909
TI  - Cyclotron motion of two Coulombically interacting ion clouds with implications to
      Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

PMID- 9963910
TI  - Focus wave mode solutions of the inhomogeneous n-dimensional scalar wave
      equation.

PMID- 9963911
TI  - Reversible axial segregation of rotating granular media.

PMID- 9963912
TI  - Nonlinear pulse propagation in twin-core-fiber rocking filters.

PMID- 9963913
TI  - Variational calculations for thermal combustion waves.

PMID- 9963914
TI  - Dynamic stability of one-dimensional models of fracture.

PMID- 9963915
TI  - Diffraction-free field in a planar nonlinear waveguide.

PMID- 9963916
TI  - Exact, E=0, classical solutions for general power-law potentials.

PMID- 9963917
TI  - Granular materials under vibration: Simulations of rotating spheres.

PMID- 9963918
TI  - Analysis of nonuniform gratings.

PMID- 9963919
TI  - Transition from stationary to traveling localized patterns in a two-dimensional
      reaction-diffusion system.

PMID- 9963920
TI  - Interaction of solitons with a strong inhomogeneity in a nonlinear optical fiber.

PMID- 9963921
TI  - Application of the central-particle-potential approximation for percolation in
      interacting systems.

PMID- 9963922
TI  - Selective relaxation method for numerical solution of Schrodinger problems.

PMID- 9963923
TI  - Transition probability calculations for atoms using nonorthogonal orbitals.

PMID- 9963924
TI  - Brownian motion in a singular potential and a fractal renewal process.

PMID- 9963925
TI  - Chaotic behavior of renormalization flow in a complex magnetic field.

PMID- 9963927
TI  - Critical behavior for the onset of type-III intermittency observed in an
      electronic circuit.

PMID- 9963928
TI  - Relaxation, noise-induced transitions, and stochastic resonance driven by non
      Markovian dichotomic noise.

PMID- 9963926
TI  - Effect of symmetry breaking on two-dimensional random walks.

PMID- 9963930
TI  - Cooperativity and hydrogen bond network lifetime in liquid water.

PMID- 9963929
TI  - Critical dynamics of the open Ising chain.

PMID- 9963931
TI  - Free thermal convection driven by nonlocal effects.

PMID- 9963932
TI  - Large-scale properties of wave turbulence.

PMID- 9963934
TI  - Structure factors of binary fluids in a dilute gel.

PMID- 9963933
TI  - Phase transitions in finite-thickness nematic liquid-crystal films: Planar
      anchoring.

PMID- 9963935
TI  - Addition polymerization in a nematic medium: Effects of an anisotropic solvent in
      a kinetic gelation model.

PMID- 9963936
TI  - Dynamic determination of the dendritic growth direction within a complex-phase
      field model.

PMID- 9963937
TI  - Maximum entropy, pseudoinverse techniques, and time series predictions with
      layered networks.

PMID- 9963938
TI  - Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: Constraints on 40-Hz models of
      short-term memory.

PMID- 9963939
TI  - Self-sustained plasma waveguide structures produced by ionizing laser radiation
      in a dense gas.

PMID- 9963940
TI  - Spherical ion kinetic simulations of DT implosions.

PMID- 9963941
TI  - Electron collisionless layers near evaporating plasma-heated anodes.

PMID- 9963942
TI  - Phase problem associated with the determination of the longitudinal shape of a
      charged particle bunch from its coherent far-ir spectrum.

PMID- 9963943
TI  - Fisher information and bounds to the entropy increase.

PMID- 9963944
TI  - Comment on "Oscillation mode and 'nonlinear' radiation of the double sine-Gordon
      2 pi kink"

PMID- 9963945
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Oscillation mode and "nonlinear" radiation of the double
      sine-Gordon 2 pi kink' "

PMID- 9963946
TI  - Erratum: Transport properties of solitons

PMID- 9963947
TI  - Mutation accumulation and the catastrophic senescence of the Pacific salmon.

PMID- 9963948
TI  - Intermingled basins and two-state on-off intermittency.

PMID- 9963949
TI  - Nonextensive thermostatistics can yield apparent magnetism.

PMID- 9963950
TI  - Aperiodic stochastic resonance in excitable systems.

PMID- 9963951
TI  - Scaling behavior of response times of electrorheological suspensions with cation
      exchange resin particles.

PMID- 9963952
TI  - Influence of an impenetrable interface on a polymer glass-transition temperature.

PMID- 9963953
TI  - Grain growth from homogeneous initial conditions: Anomalous grain growth and
      special scaling states.

PMID- 9963954
TI  - Numerical results for the ground-state interface in a random medium.

PMID- 9963955
TI  - Scaling in late stage spinodal decomposition with quenched disorder.

PMID- 9963956
TI  - Nature of environmentally assisted fracture nucleation and crack growth in
      polycrystals.

PMID- 9963957
TI  - Derivation of the inertial ac response for the Kerr-effect relaxation from the
      Langevin equation in three-dimensional space.

PMID- 9963958
TI  - Small-fluctuation expansion of the transition probability for a diffusion
      process.

PMID- 9963959
TI  - 1/f noise in a two-lane highway traffic model.

PMID- 9963960
TI  - Exits in multistable systems excited by coin-toss square-wave dichotomous noise:
      A chaotic dynamics approach.

PMID- 9963961
TI  - Transient statistics in stabilizing periodic orbits.

PMID- 9963962
TI  - Perimeter-area laws for a random agglomeration of particles.

PMID- 9963963
TI  - Statistical mechanics of metastable matter: Superheated and stretched liquids.

PMID- 9963964
TI  - Stochastic resonance and the dithering effect in threshold physical systems.

PMID- 9963966
TI  - Dissipative quantum systems with a potential barrier. II. Dynamics near the
      barrier top.

PMID- 9963965
TI  - Ordering kinetics of conserved XY models.

PMID- 9963967
TI  - Biscale chaos in propagating fronts.

PMID- 9963968
TI  - Mixed dynamics and tunneling.

PMID- 9963970
TI  - Noise-induced stabilization of the Lorenz system.

PMID- 9963969
TI  - Improved perturbation theory for the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation.

PMID- 9963972
TI  - Topological characterization of a system with high-order symmetries.

PMID- 9963971
TI  - Approximately conserved quantity in the Henon-Heiles problem.

PMID- 9963973
TI  - Quantum chaos, degeneracies, and exceptional points.

PMID- 9963975
TI  - Gaussian random-matrix process and universal parametric correlations in complex
      systems.

PMID- 9963974
TI  - Search for a Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a triangular Ising antiferromagnet
      with further-neighbor ferromagnetic interactions.

PMID- 9963977
TI  - Structure of avalanches and breakdown of simple scaling in the Abelian sandpile
      model in one dimension.

PMID- 9963976
TI  - Self-consistent chaos and Arnold diffusion in a cyclotron-maser wave-particle
      system.

PMID- 9963978
TI  - Lyapunov spectrum of the driven Lorentz gas.

PMID- 9963980
TI  - Dyson-Schwinger loop equations of the two-matrix model: Correlations in quantum
      chaos.

PMID- 9963979
TI  - log-periodic behavior of a hierarchical failure model with applications to
      precursory seismic activation.

PMID- 9963981
TI  - Scaling of energy barriers for flux lines and other random systems.

PMID- 9963982
TI  - Renormalization-group analysis of a noisy Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation.

PMID- 9963984
TI  - Predictive Poincare control: A control theory for chaotic systems.

PMID- 9963983
TI  - Finite-size correction in a disordered system: A new divergence.

PMID- 9963985
TI  - Kinetic theory of multicomponent dense mixtures of slightly inelastic spherical
      particles.

PMID- 9963987
TI  - Viscous conducting flows with smooth-particle applied mechanics.

PMID- 9963986
TI  - Multiple-scattering theory of excess electrons in simple fluids.

PMID- 9963989
TI  - Normal and anomalous scaling of the fourth-order correlation function of a
      randomly advected passive scalar.

PMID- 9963988
TI  - Anomalous separation of homogeneous particle-fluid mixtures: Further
      observations.

PMID- 9963990
TI  - Diffusion in a gaseous dilute solution under heat and momentum transport.

PMID- 9963991
TI  - Hydrodynamic dispersion at stagnation points: Simulations and experiments.

PMID- 9963992
TI  - Spatiotemporal chaos in a model of Rayleigh-Benard convection.

PMID- 9963993
TI  - Theoretical studies of sonoluminescence radiation: Radiative transfer and
      parametric dependence.

PMID- 9963994
TI  - Nematic ordering in a Vycor-like restrictive geometry: A two-dimensional model.

PMID- 9963995
TI  - Calorimetric study of chiral liquid crystals with a twist-grain-boundary phase.

PMID- 9963997
TI  - Order parameter measurements from the Kossel diagrams of the liquid-crystal blue
      phases.

PMID- 9963996
TI  - Fast relaxation mode in a thermotropic uniaxial nematic liquid crystal.

PMID- 9963999
TI  - Surface-induced alignment at model nematic interfaces.

PMID- 9963998
TI  - Wetting and layering transitions in liquid crystals.

PMID- 9964000
TI  - Theory of the phase diagrams of lyotropic nematic and lyotropic cholesteric
      systems.

PMID- 9964002
TI  - Random copolymers as effective compatibilizing agents.

PMID- 9964001
TI  - Lagrangian approach to light propagation in liquid crystals.

PMID- 9964003
TI  - Modeling of metal electrodeposits: Analytical solutions.

PMID- 9964004
TI  - Short-time Brownian motion in colloidal suspensions: Experiment and simulation.

PMID- 9964005
TI  - Critical behavior of randomly branched polymers with quenched branchings.

PMID- 9964006
TI  - Orientational glass transition in a rotator model.

PMID- 9964007
TI  - Control of self-replicating patterns in a model reaction-diffusion system.

PMID- 9964009
TI  - Finite-time vortex singularity and Kolmogorov spectrum in a symmetric three
      dimensional spiral model.

PMID- 9964008
TI  - High-temperature dynamics in glass-forming liquids.

PMID- 9964010
TI  - Fracture modes in a triangular lattice crystal: Numerical and phenomenological
      studies.

PMID- 9964011
TI  - Mean-field theory of the morphology transition in stochastic diffusion-limited
      growth.

PMID- 9964012
TI  - Tricontinuous structure in a homopolymer-homopolymer-random-copolymer ternary
      mixture quenched under the tricritical point.

PMID- 9964014
TI  - Laplacian growth of amorphous carbon filaments in a non-diffusion-limited
      experiment.

PMID- 9964013
TI  - Polymer-induced ordering in water-oil-surfactant mixtures.

PMID- 9964015
TI  - Frequency dependence of aggregation in two-dimensional colloidal systems.

PMID- 9964016
TI  - Temporal scaling of interfaces propagating in porous media.

PMID- 9964017
TI  - Orientational ordering of polymers on a fluctuating flexible surface.

PMID- 9964019
TI  - Computer simulation and six-dimensional spin density and velocity NMR
      microimaging of lacunar systems: A comparative analysis of percolation
      properties.

PMID- 9964018
TI  - Classical model for energy transfer in microspherical droplets.

PMID- 9964020
TI  - Effect of polymer nonideality in a colloid-polymer mixture.

PMID- 9964022
TI  - Microscopic description of nematic liquid crystal viscosity.

PMID- 9964021
TI  - Linear polymers with competing interactions: Swollen linear, swollen branched,
      and compact scaling regimes.

PMID- 9964025
TI  - Fixed points in a Hopfield model with random asymmetric interactions.

PMID- 9964024
TI  - Dynamics of phase separation in copolymer-homopolymer mixtures.

PMID- 9964023
TI  - Light-scattering study of phase transitions in aqueous solutions of nonionic
      amphiphiles.

PMID- 9964026
TI  - Introducing a real time scale into the Bak-Sneppen model.

PMID- 9964027
TI  - Dynamical model for DNA sequences.

PMID- 9964028
TI  - Lattice-gas model for collective biological motion.

PMID- 9964030
TI  - Polarized supersonic plasma flow simulation for charged bodies such as dust
      particles and spacecraft.

PMID- 9964029
TI  - Dynamic processing of SiH4+CH4 plasma induced by an infrared laser.

PMID- 9964031
TI  - Self-resonant plasma wake-field excitation by a laser pulse with a steep leading
      edge for particle acceleration.

PMID- 9964033
TI  - Electromagnetic localized waves that counteract Coulomb repulsion to catalyze a
      collective electron-packet state.

PMID- 9964034
TI  - Richtmyer-Meshkov mixing zone study by a multidirectional laser absorption
      technique.

PMID- 9964032
TI  - Minima of the orientation phenomena for direct s-p electron-ion excitations in
      dense plasmas.

PMID- 9964035
TI  - Equation of state and transport properties of an interacting multispecies plasma:
      Application to a multiply ionized Al plasma.

PMID- 9964036
TI  - Thermodynamic and transport properties of dense hydrogen plasmas.

PMID- 9964037
TI  - Energy spectrum of hydrogen atoms in dense plasmas.

PMID- 9964038
TI  - Nonlinear theory of short-wavelength free-electron lasers.

PMID- 9964039
TI  - Nondestructive diagnostics for relativistic picosecond bunched electron beams.

PMID- 9964040
TI  - Thomson scattering of intense lasers from electron beams at arbitrary interaction
      angles.

PMID- 9964042
TI  - Spectrum formula of the synchrotron radiation from a quasiperiodic undulator.

PMID- 9964041
TI  - Laser acceleration of electrons in vacuum.

PMID- 9964043
TI  - Spectral dynamics of a free-electron maser with a step-tapered undulator.

PMID- 9964045
TI  - Fast beam-ion instability. I. Linear theory and simulations.

PMID- 9964044
TI  - Analytical theory of short-pulse free-electron laser oscillators.

PMID- 9964046
TI  - Fast beam-ion instability. II. Effect of ion decoherence.

PMID- 9964047
TI  - Theoretical definitions of length and charge and second-order electric fields
      from steady currents.

PMID- 9964048
TI  - Generation and evolution of two-dimensional dark spatial solitons.

PMID- 9964050
TI  - Invariance properties of random pulses and of other random fields in dispersive
      media.

PMID- 9964049
TI  - One-dimensional transport-induced instabilities in an optical system with
      nonlocal feedback.

PMID- 9964051
TI  - Surfaces of bifurcation in a triparametric quadratic Hamiltonian.

PMID- 9964053
TI  - Stick-slip dynamics of a one-dimensional array of particles.

PMID- 9964052
TI  - Analytic criterion for soliton instability in a nonlinear fiber array.

PMID- 9964055
TI  - Kink soliton characterizing traffic congestion.

PMID- 9964054
TI  - Soliton interaction and stability in nonlinear directional fiber couplers.

PMID- 9964056
TI  - Fluidization of a two-dimensional granular system: Experimental study and scaling
      behavior.

PMID- 9964058
TI  - Parallel diffusion-limited aggregation.

PMID- 9964057
TI  - Energy input and scaling laws for a single particle vibrating in one dimension.

PMID- 9964060
TI  - Compound-Poisson-process method for the multiple scattering of charged particles.

PMID- 9964059
TI  - Simple model for river network evolution.

PMID- 9964061
TI  - Operational conditions for random-number generation.

PMID- 9964062
TI  - Method for solving the gyrokinetic Poisson equation in general geometry.

PMID- 9964063
TI  - Simple proof of Page's conjecture on the average entropy of a subsystem.

PMID- 9964064
TI  - Variational path-integral approach to a nonlinear open system.

PMID- 9964065
TI  - Frustration: How it can be measured.

PMID- 9964066
TI  - Dynamic scaling behavior of an interacting monomer-dimer model.

PMID- 9964067
TI  - Band structure of the Hamiltonian matrix of a real "chaotic" system: The Ce atom.

PMID- 9964068
TI  - Sequential partitioning: An alternative to understanding size distributions of
      avalanches in first-order phase transitions.

PMID- 9964069
TI  - Quasidynamic model for earthquake simulations.

PMID- 9964070
TI  - Conditional averaging of a turbulent free surface.

PMID- 9964072
TI  - Attractive interaction between pulses in a model for convection in binary
      mixtures.

PMID- 9964071
TI  - Kolmogorov turbulence in a random-force-driven Burgers equation: Anomalous
      scaling and probability density functions.

PMID- 9964073
TI  - Shock waves in a dense gas.

PMID- 9964074
TI  - Crossover integral-equation theory for the structure of simple liquid metals.

PMID- 9964075
TI  - Scaling behavior of pinning in polymerization-induced phase separation.

PMID- 9964076
TI  - Self-organized criticality in coevolving interacting systems.

PMID- 9964077
TI  - Polarization characteristics of spontaneous emission and off-axis coherent gain
      in a free-electron laser.

PMID- 9964078
TI  - Coherent stochastic resonance in the presence of a field.

PMID- 9964079
TI  - Reply to "Coherent stochastic resonance in the presence of a field"

PMID- 9964080
TI  - Comment on "Ability of nonperturbative density-functional theories to stabilize
      arbitrary solids"

PMID- 9964081
TI  - Erratum: Diagnostics of plasmas with substantial concentrations of atomic oxygen

PMID- 9964082
TI  - Self-organized criticality in a sandpile model with threshold dissipation.

PMID- 9964083
TI  - Eigenmodes of decay and fragmentation processes.

PMID- 9964084
TI  - Generalized entropies in a turbulent dynamo simulation.

PMID- 9964086
TI  - Inertial range scaling of intense events in turbulence.

PMID- 9964085
TI  - Competing patterns in the Faraday experiment.

PMID- 9964087
TI  - Behavior of a surface phase transition in freely suspended liquid-crystal films.

PMID- 9964088
TI  - Chemically frozen phase separation in an adsorbed layer.

PMID- 9964089
TI  - High-frequency dielectric properties of aerosol sodium bis-2-ethyl
      hexylsulfosuccinate (AOT)-H2O-CCl4 systems in the reversed micellar phase.

PMID- 9964090
TI  - Learning from noisy data: An exactly solvable model.

PMID- 9964091
TI  - Breatherlike impurity modes in discrete nonlinear lattices.

PMID- 9964093
TI  - Smoluchowski approach for three-body reactions in one dimension.

PMID- 9964092
TI  - Hysteresis in the Mott transition between plasma and insulating gas.

PMID- 9964094
TI  - Using noise and chaos control to control nonchaotic systems.

PMID- 9964095
TI  - First-passage time for randomly flashing diffusion.

PMID- 9964096
TI  - Controlling a chaotic array of pulse-coupled circuits.

PMID- 9964097
TI  - Critical edge between frozen extinction and chaotic life.

PMID- 9964098
TI  - Fourier transform method to determine the probability density function from a
      given set of random samples.

PMID- 9964100
TI  - Vicious walkers and directed polymer networks in general dimensions.

PMID- 9964099
TI  - Steady states, invariant measures, and response theory.

PMID- 9964102
TI  - Segregation in the static pair annihilation process: Exact results.

PMID- 9964101
TI  - Control of dissipative tunneling dynamics by continuous wave electromagnetic
      fields: Localization and large-amplitude coherent motion.

PMID- 9964103
TI  - Modeling of wind-blown sand using cellular automata.

PMID- 9964104
TI  - Phenomenological approach to nonlinear Langevin equations.

PMID- 9964105
TI  - Approach to ergodicity in quantum wave functions.

PMID- 9964106
TI  - Trigger waves in a model for catalysis.

PMID- 9964107
TI  - Noise-induced transition from anomalous to ordinary diffusion: The crossover time
      as a function of noise intensity.

PMID- 9964108
TI  - Statistical mechanics of closed fluid membranes.

PMID- 9964109
TI  - Thermal and repulsive traffic flow.

PMID- 9964110
TI  - Reentrant phase diagram of branching annihilating random walks with one and two
      offspring.

PMID- 9964111
TI  - Level repulsion in the complex plane.

PMID- 9964113
TI  - Traffic flow and 1/f fluctuations.

PMID- 9964112
TI  - Interaction of spiral waves with external fields in excitable media.

PMID- 9964114
TI  - Ordering and demixing transitions in multicomponent Widom-Rowlinson models.

PMID- 9964115
TI  - Generalized monomer-monomer model for catalysis.

PMID- 9964116
TI  - Critical and scaling properties of cluster distributions in nonequilibrium Ising
      like systems.

PMID- 9964117
TI  - Dynamics of adsorption-desorption processes as a soluble problem of many
      fermions.

PMID- 9964118
TI  - Breakdown of linear dynamics in phase-ordering kinetics.

PMID- 9964119
TI  - Correlations in Ising chains with nonintegrable interactions.

PMID- 9964121
TI  - Theoretical and numerical studies of chemisorption on a line with precursor layer
      diffusion.

PMID- 9964120
TI  - Fragmentation-inactivation models with mass loss.

PMID- 9964122
TI  - Matrix-inversion method: Applications to Mobius inversion adn deconvolution.

PMID- 9964123
TI  - Kinetics of aggregation-annihilation processes.

PMID- 9964124
TI  - Resonant behavior of a Poisson process driven by a periodic signal.

PMID- 9964125
TI  - Phase-ordering kinetics with external fields and biased initial conditions.

PMID- 9964127
TI  - Role of inviscid invariants in shell models of turbulence.

PMID- 9964126
TI  - Multistability and chaos in a spring-block model.

PMID- 9964128
TI  - Linear and nonlinear viscous flow in two-dimensional fluids.

PMID- 9964130
TI  - Bifurcations at the Eckhaus points in two-dimensional Rayleigh-Benard convection.

PMID- 9964129
TI  - Contribution of particle inertial effects to resonance in ferrofluids.

PMID- 9964132
TI  - Fingering instability in nonadiabatic low-Lewis-number flames.

PMID- 9964131
TI  - Formation of thermal plumes in an autocatalytic exothermic chemical reaction.

PMID- 9964133
TI  - Rayleigh-Benard convection in binary mixtures with separation ratios near zero.

PMID- 9964134
TI  - Transitions between convective patterns in chemical fronts.

PMID- 9964135
TI  - Turbulence without pressure.

PMID- 9964136
TI  - Wavelet analysis of the energy transfer caused by convective terms: Application
      to the Burgers shock.

PMID- 9964137
TI  - Quantum molecular dynamics simulations of hot, dense hydrogen.

PMID- 9964138
TI  - Universality of a class of annihilation-coagulation models.

PMID- 9964139
TI  - Phase transition and defects in a thin nematic film.

PMID- 9964140
TI  - Covariant elasticity and dislocations in smectic-C liquid crystals.

PMID- 9964141
TI  - Kink switching in ferroelectric free-standing films with high spontaneous
      polarization.

PMID- 9964142
TI  - Temperature-induced orientational transitions in freely suspended nematic films.

PMID- 9964145
TI  - Interaction in colloidal systems: Buckling and melting.

PMID- 9964143
TI  - Nonlinear conserved current model with negative diffusion.

PMID- 9964144
TI  - Viscoelasticity of randomly branched polymers in the critical percolation class.

PMID- 9964146
TI  - Thermal fluctuations of the shapes of droplets in dense and compressed emulsions.

PMID- 9964147
TI  - Distributions of polymers in disordered structures.

PMID- 9964149
TI  - Continuously varying crossover exponent for adsorption of linear polymers on
      fractals.

PMID- 9964148
TI  - Surface growth of two kinds of particle deposition models.

PMID- 9964150
TI  - Cavity size distribution in lattice liquids.

PMID- 9964152
TI  - Frequency dependence of electrorheological fluids in an ac electric field.

PMID- 9964151
TI  - Time-scale dependence of the critical exponent for the nonlinear dielectric
      effect in a critical binary solution.

PMID- 9964153
TI  - Forced Benjamin-Ono equation and its application to soliton dynamics.

PMID- 9964154
TI  - Long-time self-diffusion in binary colloidal hard-sphere dispersions.

PMID- 9964156
TI  - Dynamics of binary liquids in pores.

PMID- 9964155
TI  - Planform selection in Benard-Marangoni convection: l hexagons versus g hexagons.

PMID- 9964157
TI  - Microscopic structure of a pure near-critical fluid confined to a mesoscopic slit
      pore.

PMID- 9964158
TI  - Pore-level modeling of wetting.

PMID- 9964159
TI  - Diffusion-limited aggregation: Connection to a free-boundary problem and lattice
      anisotropy.

PMID- 9964161
TI  - Kinetics of crystallization in a shearing colloidal suspension.

PMID- 9964160
TI  - Growth kinetics of body centered cubic colloidal crystals.

PMID- 9964162
TI  - Monte Carlo study of semiflexible living polymers.

PMID- 9964163
TI  - Growth of interfaces with strong quenched disorder: Columnar media.

PMID- 9964164
TI  - Classical growth of hard-sphere colloidal crystals.

PMID- 9964165
TI  - Sedimentation and flow through porous media: Simulating dynamically coupled
      discrete and continuum phases.

PMID- 9964166
TI  - Growth instabilities in mechanical breakdown under mechanical and thermal
      stresses.

PMID- 9964167
TI  - Crystal stability limits at positive and negative pressures, and crystal-to-glass
      transitions.

PMID- 9964168
TI  - Shear-induced enhancement of self-diffusion in interacting colloidal suspensions.

PMID- 9964169
TI  - Quantitative molecular interpretation of mesoscopic correlations in bicontinuous
      microemulsions.

PMID- 9964170
TI  - Kinetic model for a polymer in one dimension.

PMID- 9964171
TI  - NMR of diffusing atoms in a periodic porous medium in the presence of a
      nonuniform magnetic field.

PMID- 9964172
TI  - Irreversible polymer adsorption from semidilute and moderately dense solutions.

PMID- 9964173
TI  - Temporal and spatial dependence of hydrodynamic correlations: Simulation and
      experiment.

PMID- 9964174
TI  - Actin filaments on myosin beds: The velocity distribution.

PMID- 9964175
TI  - Statistical-ensemble theory of redundancy reduction and the duality between
      unsupervised and supervised neural learning.

PMID- 9964176
TI  - Multifractals and decoded walks: Applications to protein sequence correlations.

PMID- 9964177
TI  - Role of noises in neural networks.

PMID- 9964179
TI  - Vesicular instabilities: The prolate-to-oblate transition and other shape
      instabilities of fluid bilayer membranes.

PMID- 9964178
TI  - Random-walk model of homologous recombination.

PMID- 9964180
TI  - Monte Carlo approach to tissue-cell populations.

PMID- 9964181
TI  - Quantum-mechanical treatment of strong electron-atom collision contributions to
      the shift and width of hydrogen lines.

PMID- 9964182
TI  - Test-particle drifts in traveling waves with cyclotron frequencies.

PMID- 9964183
TI  - Investigation of C V line ratio variations in a tokamak with an application to
      neutral hydrogen measurement.

PMID- 9964184
TI  - Self-consistent charged-particle motion in negative-ion plasmas.

PMID- 9964185
TI  - Interpretation of hot and dense absorption spectra of a near-local-thermodynamic
      equilibrium plasma by the super-transition-array method.

PMID- 9964186
TI  - Lateral energy transport in laser-produced plasmas.

PMID- 9964188
TI  - Dynamics of coherent structures and turbulence of plasma drift waves.

PMID- 9964187
TI  - Radiative heating of low-Z solid foils by laser-generated x rays.

PMID- 9964189
TI  - Simulation and analysis of an x-ray-heated boron nitride foil.

PMID- 9964190
TI  - Transport and self-organization in dissipative drift-wave turbulence.

PMID- 9964191
TI  - Kinetic theory of ion acoustic waves in a plasma with collisional electrons.

PMID- 9964192
TI  - Nonlinear theory of a folded waveguide gyrotron traveling-wave tube amplifier.

PMID- 9964193
TI  - Observation of coherent diffraction radiation from bunched electrons passing
      through a circular aperture in the millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength
      regions.

PMID- 9964195
TI  - Betatron motion and linear undulator brightness: Inhomogeneous broadening effects
      due to electron-beam emittance and Twiss parameters.

PMID- 9964194
TI  - X-ray narrow-line transition radiation source based on low-energy electron beams
      traversing a multilayer nanostructure.

PMID- 9964196
TI  - Simulation of an experiment on crystal extraction of 900-GeV protons.

PMID- 9964197
TI  - Impulse response of a nonlinear dispersive wave.

PMID- 9964198
TI  - Diffraction of partially coherent beams on three-dimensional periodic structures
      and the angular shifts of the diffraction maxima.

PMID- 9964200
TI  - Noise-induced instability in self-consistent Monte Carlo calculations.

PMID- 9964199
TI  - Estimating functions of probability distributions from a finite set of samples.

PMID- 9964201
TI  - Acceptance-probability-controlled simulated annealing: A method for modeling the
      optical constants of solids.

PMID- 9964202
TI  - Influence of constraints on the dynamics of polypeptide chains.

PMID- 9964203
TI  - Density of states of a damped quantum oscillator.

PMID- 9964204
TI  - Exponential decay of relative entropies to the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy for the
      standard map.

PMID- 9964205
TI  - Chaos and thermal conductivity.

PMID- 9964208
TI  - Non-Markovian thermal relaxation at elevated temperatures.

PMID- 9964206
TI  - Unusual period doublings in the linear-logistic map.

PMID- 9964207
TI  - Two-species annihilation with drift: A model with continuous concentration-decay
      exponents.

PMID- 9964209
TI  - Hopf bifurcation in a leaky faucet experiment.

PMID- 9964210
TI  - Trapping rate dependence on the trap size in one dimension.

PMID- 9964212
TI  - Numerical simulation of phase separation in the presence of surfactants and
      hydrodynamics.

PMID- 9964213
TI  - Electron cyclotron subharmonic resonance absorption.

PMID- 9964211
TI  - Reptation of a polymer chain by conformal transitions in the entangled regime.

PMID- 9964214
TI  - Erratum: Phase ordering dynamics of cosmological models

PMID- 9964215
TI  - Erratum: Lagrangians of physics and the game of Fisher-information transfer

PMID- 9964216
TI  - Extremal properties of random systems.

PMID- 9964217
TI  - Parametric resonance of rotating spiral waves under broken rotational symmetry.

PMID- 9964218
TI  - Transfer matrix for the restricted canonical and microcanonical ensembles.

PMID- 9964220
TI  - Quantum localization of chaos in a ring.

PMID- 9964219
TI  - Pattern formation in composite excitable media.

PMID- 9964221
TI  - Conjugate pairing in the three-dimensional periodic Lorentz gas.

PMID- 9964222
TI  - Criticality and transient chaos in a sandpile model.

PMID- 9964223
TI  - Anomalous diffusion of isolated flow singularities and of fractal or spiral
      structures.

PMID- 9964224
TI  - Inertial range scaling in turbulence.

PMID- 9964226
TI  - Dielectric relaxation study in a glassy low-molecular-weight ferroelectric liquid
      crystal.

PMID- 9964227
TI  - Coupled fluctuations near critical wetting.

PMID- 9964225
TI  - Continuous shock structure in extended thermodynamics.

PMID- 9964228
TI  - Secondary instability in surface-tension-driven Benard convection.

PMID- 9964229
TI  - Critical dynamics of contact-line motion.

PMID- 9964231
TI  - Spatially localized, temporally quasiperiodic, discrete nonlinear excitations.

PMID- 9964230
TI  - Collimation of an intense laser beam by a weakly relativistic plasma.

PMID- 9964232
TI  - Soliton solutions in Rowland ghost gaps.

PMID- 9964233
TI  - Molecular dynamics-continuum hybrid computations: A tool for studying complex
      fluid flows.

PMID- 9964234
TI  - Transition from strange nonchaotic to strange chaotic attractors.

PMID- 9964235
TI  - Renormalization group calculation of anomalous exponents for nonlinear diffusion.

PMID- 9964236
TI  - Finding the windows of regular motion within the chaos of ordinary differential
      equations.

PMID- 9964238
TI  - Dynamics of sandpiles: Physical mechanisms, coupled stochastic equations, and
      alternative universality classes.

PMID- 9964237
TI  - Adiabatic propagation of distributions: Exactly solvable models.

PMID- 9964239
TI  - Chaotic states of weakly and strongly nonlinear oscillators with quasiperiodic
      excitation.

PMID- 9964240
TI  - Statistical redistribution of trajectories from a torus to tori by chaotic
      dynamical tunneling.

PMID- 9964241
TI  - Square lattice with attractive interactions.

PMID- 9964243
TI  - Growth of breakdown susceptibility in random composites and the stick-slip model
      of earthquakes: Prediction of dielectric breakdown and other catastrophes.

PMID- 9964242
TI  - Universal grazing bifurcations in impact oscillators.

PMID- 9964244
TI  - Etchant and probabilistic ballistic models of diamond growth.

PMID- 9964246
TI  - Solvable models of spin-1/2 chains with an energy gap.

PMID- 9964245
TI  - Smooth quantum potential for the hydrodynamic model.

PMID- 9964247
TI  - Geometric description of chaos in two-degrees-of-freedom Hamiltonian systems.

PMID- 9964248
TI  - Specific heat of a ferromagnetic film.

PMID- 9964249
TI  - Control of chaos in multimode solid state lasers by the use of small periodic
      perturbations.

PMID- 9964251
TI  - Unified time-path approach to the generating functional of the Brownian
      oscillator system: The bilinearly corrected Feynman rule for nonequilibrium
      processes.

PMID- 9964250
TI  - Smoothed density of states for problems with ray splitting.

PMID- 9964252
TI  - Analytical approach to coagulation and annihilation of particles with anomalous
      diffusion.

PMID- 9964253
TI  - Scaling and universality in the spanning probability for percolation.

PMID- 9964254
TI  - Complex-temperature properties of the two-dimensional Ising model for nonzero
      magnetic field.

PMID- 9964256
TI  - Experimental visualization of acoustic resonances within a stadium-shaped cavity.

PMID- 9964255
TI  - Stochastic Hopf bifurcation: The effect of colored noise on the bifurcation
      interval.

PMID- 9964258
TI  - Evolution of the Liouville density of a chaotic system.

PMID- 9964257
TI  - Experimental study of fracture surface roughness on rocks with crack velocity.

PMID- 9964259
TI  - Aggregation with multiple conservation laws.

PMID- 9964260
TI  - General method of controlling chaos.

PMID- 9964261
TI  - Formation of pyramids and mounds in molecular beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9964262
TI  - Interpolating ensembles of random unitary matrices.

PMID- 9964263
TI  - Stochastic processes with stable distributions in random environments.

PMID- 9964264
TI  - Damage spreading in the Ising model with a microcanonical constraint.

PMID- 9964265
TI  - Exact solutions of the monomer-monomer reaction: Segregation, poisoning, and
      interface evolution.

PMID- 9964266
TI  - Quantum fluctuations and glassy behavior: The case of a quantum particle in a
      random potential.

PMID- 9964267
TI  - Nonequilibrium potential for a reaction-diffusion model: Critical behavior and
      decay of extended metastable states.

PMID- 9964268
TI  - Scale invariance and dynamical correlations in growth models of molecular beam
      epitaxy.

PMID- 9964269
TI  - Traces of a quantum antiresonance in a driven system.

PMID- 9964270
TI  - Monte Carlo study of the random-field Ising model.

PMID- 9964271
TI  - Complex dynamical behavior in RCL-shunted Josephson tunnel junctions.

PMID- 9964272
TI  - Avalanche dynamics in evolution, growth, and depinning models.

PMID- 9964273
TI  - Multifractal scaling of moments of mean first-passage time in the presence of
      Sinai disorder.

PMID- 9964274
TI  - Nearest-neighbor statistics in a one-dimensional random sequential adsorption
      process.

PMID- 9964275
TI  - Low-temperature relaxation in the one-dimensional Ising model.

PMID- 9964277
TI  - Self-similarity and probability distributions of turbulent intermittency.

PMID- 9964276
TI  - Einstein crystal as a reference system in free energy estimation using adiabatic
      switching.

PMID- 9964279
TI  - Spontaneous regular structure amplification in strongly turbulent rotating
      fluids.

PMID- 9964278
TI  - Structure of transport linear systems in dilute isotropic gas mixtures.

PMID- 9964280
TI  - Foundations and applications of a mesoscopic thermodynamic theory of fast
      phenomena.

PMID- 9964282
TI  - Violation of the electroneutrality condition in confined charged fluids.

PMID- 9964281
TI  - Bifurcations from Taylor vortices between corotating concentric cylinders.

PMID- 9964284
TI  - Polymer-induced drag reduction in turbulent flows.

PMID- 9964283
TI  - Nonlinear resonant stimulation and no-feedback control of the wake behind a
      circular cylinder.

PMID- 9964285
TI  - Stress fluctuations and shear zones in quasistatic granular chute flows.

PMID- 9964286
TI  - Terraced spreading mechanisms for chain molecules.

PMID- 9964287
TI  - Transition between curved and angular textures in binary fluid convection.

PMID- 9964288
TI  - Analytic expressions for the stochastic amplitude equation for Taylor-Couette
      flow.

PMID- 9964289
TI  - Quantum kinetic equation in weak turbulence.

PMID- 9964290
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of the ferromagnetic order-disorder transition in a
      Heisenberg fluid.

PMID- 9964291
TI  - Relation between information transfer and structure function in shell models.

PMID- 9964292
TI  - Molecular-dynamics study of detonation. I. A comparison with hydrodynamic
      predictions.

PMID- 9964293
TI  - Molecular-dynamics study of detonation. II. The reaction mechanism.

PMID- 9964295
TI  - Dielectric behavior at the smectic-C*-chiral-nematic phase transition of a
      ferroelectric liquid crystal.

PMID- 9964294
TI  - Ellipsometry at the nematic-isotropic phase transition in a confined geometry.

PMID- 9964296
TI  - Defects in chiral columnar phases: Tilt-grain boundaries and iterated moire maps.

PMID- 9964297
TI  - Chiral and herringbone symmetry breaking in water-surface monolayers.

PMID- 9964298
TI  - Optical determination of the twist elastic constant of a smectic-C* liquid
      crystal.

PMID- 9964299
TI  - Simple molecular model for induced cholesteric phases.

PMID- 9964300
TI  - Quench-induced nematic textures of wormlike micelles.

PMID- 9964301
TI  - Dynamics of helix deformation in a chiral smectic-C* liquid crystal: Optical
      experiments and modeling.

PMID- 9964302
TI  - Dynamic critical behavior of thermal parameters at the smectic-A-nematic phase
      transition of octyloxythiolbenzoate.

PMID- 9964303
TI  - Oblique anchoring at a free nematic surface.

PMID- 9964304
TI  - Theory of a critical point in the blue-phase-III-isotropic phase diagram.

PMID- 9964305
TI  - Viscous properties of binary mixtures of nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9964306
TI  - Computer modeling of electrochemical growth with convection and migration in a
      rectangular cell.

PMID- 9964307
TI  - Membrane hydrodynamics at low Reynolds number.

PMID- 9964308
TI  - Anisotropic diffusion-limited reactions with coagulation and annihilation.

PMID- 9964309
TI  - Simulation of multicomponent fluids in complex three-dimensional geometries by
      the lattice Boltzmann method.

PMID- 9964310
TI  - Fitting of viscosity: Distinguishing the temperature dependences predicted by
      various models of supercooled liquids.

PMID- 9964312
TI  - Critical behavior of the dielectric constant in the triethylamine-water binary
      liquid mixture: Evidence of an intrinsic effect.

PMID- 9964311
TI  - Continuum model for the growth of interfaces.

PMID- 9964313
TI  - Kinetics of irreversible adsorption with a particle conformational change: A
      density expansion approach.

PMID- 9964315
TI  - Theory of gel electrophoresis in high fields: Transient regimes at the field
      onset.

PMID- 9964314
TI  - Enhanced diffusion upon approaching the kinetic glass transition.

PMID- 9964317
TI  - Model for an associating fluid near an associatively adsorbing crystalline
      surface.

PMID- 9964316
TI  - Adsorption of a minority component in polymer blend interfaces.

PMID- 9964318
TI  - Experimental study of surface segregation and wetting in films of a partially
      miscible polymer blend.

PMID- 9964319
TI  - Monte Carlo simulations of a single polymer chain under extension above and below
      the Theta temperature.

PMID- 9964320
TI  - Randomly charged polymers, random walks, and their extremal properties.

PMID- 9964321
TI  - Front stability in mean-field models of diffusion-limited growth.

PMID- 9964322
TI  - Order and localization in randomly cross-linked polymer networks.

PMID- 9964323
TI  - Evolution of soap froth under temperature effects.

PMID- 9964324
TI  - Curvature contributions to the capillary-wave Hamiltonian for a pinned interface.

PMID- 9964325
TI  - Origin of depolarized light scattering in supercooled liquids: Orientational
      fluctuation versus induced scattering mechanisms.

PMID- 9964327
TI  - Influence of surfactants on the structure of titanium oxide gels: Experiments and
      simulations.

PMID- 9964326
TI  - Adsorption of multiblock copolymers at interfaces between selective solvents:
      Single-chain properties.

PMID- 9964329
TI  - Theoretical study of fluid membranes of spherical topology with internal degrees
      of freedom.

PMID- 9964328
TI  - Tricritical universality in a two-dimensional spin fluid.

PMID- 9964330
TI  - Universal short-time motion of a polymer in a random environment: Analytical
      calculations, a blob picture, and Monte Carlo results.

PMID- 9964332
TI  - Sedimentation to form rough, quasi-one-dimensional interfaces.

PMID- 9964331
TI  - Intermittent behavior in slow drainage.

PMID- 9964333
TI  - Numerical simulation of cellular tip growth.

PMID- 9964334
TI  - Topology-preservation emergence by the Hebb rule with infinitesimal short-range
      signals.

PMID- 9964336
TI  - Effective breather trapping mechanism for DNA transcription.

PMID- 9964335
TI  - Elastic vibrations of microtubules in a fluid.

PMID- 9964337
TI  - Maximum-entropy principle and neural networks that learn to construct approximate
      wave functions.

PMID- 9964338
TI  - Dynamic spectral density function of a dusty plasma.

PMID- 9964339
TI  - Self-consistent charge dynamics in magnetized dusty plasmas: Low-frequency
      electrostatic modes.

PMID- 9964340
TI  - Effects of ion dynamics and opacity on Stark-broadened argon line profiles.

PMID- 9964341
TI  - Nonlinear lower hybrid vortices.

PMID- 9964342
TI  - Calculation of the electrical conductivity of strongly coupled plasmas.

PMID- 9964343
TI  - Short pulse laser propagation in underdense plasmas.

PMID- 9964344
TI  - Collisional-radiative modeling of the L-shell emission of Mo30+ to Mo33+ emitted
      from a high-temperature-low-density tokamak plasma.

PMID- 9964345
TI  - Direct Monte Carlo sampling of the short-range screening potentials for classical
      Coulomb liquids.

PMID- 9964346
TI  - Nonlinear inverse bremsstrahlung and highly anisotropic electron distributions.

PMID- 9964347
TI  - Modeling of nonlocal electron kinetics in a low-pressure inductively coupled
      plasma.

PMID- 9964348
TI  - Generation of a high-quality electron beam for application in cyclotron
      autoresonance maser experiments.

PMID- 9964349
TI  - Channeling process in a bent crystal.

PMID- 9964350
TI  - One-dimensional spatial solitary waves due to cascaded second-order
      nonlinearities in planar waveguides.

PMID- 9964351
TI  - Achievable spatial resolution of time-resolved transillumination imaging systems
      which utilize multiply scattered light.

PMID- 9964352
TI  - Multiple scattering of hard gamma quanta in a medium.

PMID- 9964353
TI  - Two-state bright solitons in doped fibers with saturating nonlinearity.

PMID- 9964355
TI  - Singularities and special soliton solutions of the cubic-quintic complex Ginzburg
      Landau equation.

PMID- 9964354
TI  - Discrete self-trapping, soliton interactions, and beam steering in nonlinear
      waveguide arrays.

PMID- 9964356
TI  - Discrete lattice effects on breathers in a spatially linear potential.

PMID- 9964357
TI  - Method for computing long periodic orbits of dynamical systems.

PMID- 9964358
TI  - Cluster dynamics for randomly frustrated systems with finite connectivity.

PMID- 9964360
TI  - Bifurcation and chaos induced by a time-periodic vector potential.

PMID- 9964359
TI  - Phase space approach for optimizing grid representations: The mapped Fourier
      method.

PMID- 9964361
TI  - Transient on-off intermittency in a coupled map lattice system.

PMID- 9964363
TI  - Numerical estimate of a scaling exponent characterizing fluctuating diffusion
      fronts.

PMID- 9964362
TI  - Classical stochasticity threshold and quantum mechanics.

PMID- 9964364
TI  - Nonlinear heat flux dependence of pressure in nonequilibrium gases.

PMID- 9964365
TI  - Decoherence of quantum-nondemolition systems.

PMID- 9964367
TI  - Resonance tunneling of a classical particle.

PMID- 9964366
TI  - Mechanism of generic time variability for chaotic pattern selection.

PMID- 9964368
TI  - Effects of reinjection on the scaling property of intermittency.

PMID- 9964370
TI  - Scale disparity and spectral transfer in anisotropic numerical turbulence.

PMID- 9964369
TI  - Topological dynamics in a catalysis experiment.

PMID- 9964372
TI  - Singular behavior of the velocity moments of a dilute gas under uniform shear
      flow.

PMID- 9964371
TI  - Subsurface deformations in nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9964373
TI  - Stochastic resonance in a neuron model that transmits spike trains.

PMID- 9964374
TI  - Learning rules for Potts neural networks with biased patterns.

PMID- 9964375
TI  - Colored noise in the dynamics of aqueous protein solutions.

PMID- 9964376
TI  - Nature of the alpha effect in magnetohydrodynamics.

PMID- 9964378
TI  - Comment on "Brownian motion of two interacting particles under a square-well
      potential"

PMID- 9964377
TI  - Effect of magnetized electron cooling on a Hopf bifurcation.

PMID- 9964379
TI  - Erratum: Supersaturated electrolyte solutions: Theory and experiment

PMID- 9964381
TI  - Chaotic systems with a null conditional Lyapunov exponent under nonlinear
      driving.

PMID- 9964380
TI  - Classical chaos and fluctuation-dissipation relations for nonlinear response.

PMID- 9964382
TI  - Mean-field solution of the random Ising model on the dual lattice.

PMID- 9964383
TI  - Quenched disorder, memory, and self-organization.

PMID- 9964384
TI  - Shock-wave structure for some nonanalytical in-velocity closures.

PMID- 9964386
TI  - Dynamics of monopole annihilation by type-1/2 strings in a nematic liquid
      crystal.

PMID- 9964385
TI  - Kolmogorov's refined similarity hypothesis for hyperviscous turbulence.

PMID- 9964387
TI  - Dynamical criterion for two-dimensional freezing.

PMID- 9964388
TI  - Structural dynamics of clusters near melting.

PMID- 9964390
TI  - Quantitative molecular interpretation of curvature elasticity of saturated
      surfactant monolayers.

PMID- 9964389
TI  - Topological interactions in model polymer networks.

PMID- 9964391
TI  - Supercooling of surface modified liquids.

PMID- 9964392
TI  - Using chaos control and tracking to suppress a pathological nonchaotic rhythm in
      a cardiac model.

PMID- 9964393
TI  - Dark and bright vector spatial solitons in biased photorefractive media.

PMID- 9964394
TI  - Chaos in special relativistic dynamics.

PMID- 9964395
TI  - Effect of symmetry breaking on "chaotic" eigenfunctions.

PMID- 9964396
TI  - Characterizing riddled fractal sets.

PMID- 9964397
TI  - Anisotropic distribution functions for relativistic galactic nuclei.

PMID- 9964398
TI  - Statistical fractals with cutoffs, Shlesinger-Hughes renormalization, and the
      onset of an epidemic.

PMID- 9964399
TI  - Correlations between eigenvalues of large random matrices with independent
      entries.

PMID- 9964400
TI  - Hamiltonian approach to kinetic Ising models.

PMID- 9964401
TI  - Eigenvalue spectrum of the Frobenius-Perron operator near intermittency.

PMID- 9964402
TI  - Molecular dynamics simulations of tethered membranes with periodic boundary
      conditions.

PMID- 9964403
TI  - Multiscaling to standard-scaling crossover in the Bray-Humayun model for phase
      ordering kinetics.

PMID- 9964404
TI  - Presence of chaos in a self-organized critical system.

PMID- 9964405
TI  - Symbolic dynamics analysis of chaotic time series with a driven frequency.

PMID- 9964406
TI  - Full stability-exponent placement in chaotic systems.

PMID- 9964407
TI  - Interfacial instability induced by external fluctuations.

PMID- 9964408
TI  - Universal power law in the noise from a crumpled elastic sheet.

PMID- 9964409
TI  - Diffusion with critically correlated traps and the slow relaxation of the longest
      wavelength mode.

PMID- 9964410
TI  - Nonequilibrium correlation functions in the A+A-->0 system with driven diffusion.

PMID- 9964411
TI  - Folding transitions of the triangular lattice with defects.

PMID- 9964412
TI  - Lyapunov instability in a system of hard disks in equilibrium and nonequilibrium
      steady states.

PMID- 9964413
TI  - Nonclassical kinetics in three dimensions: Simulations of elementary A+B and A+A
      reactions.

PMID- 9964414
TI  - Scaling laws for river networks.

PMID- 9964415
TI  - Simulation of correlated and uncorrelated packing of random size spheres.

PMID- 9964417
TI  - Broken ergodicity in the self-consistent dynamics of the two-dimensional random
      sine-Gordon model.

PMID- 9964416
TI  - Large time nonequilibrium dynamics of a particle in a random potential.

PMID- 9964419
TI  - Dissipative particle dynamics for a harmonic chain: A first-principles
      derivation.

PMID- 9964418
TI  - Reaction kinetics of cluster impurities.

PMID- 9964420
TI  - Multiple transitions to chaos in a damped parametrically forced pendulum.

PMID- 9964421
TI  - Mutual diffusion in binary Ar-Kr mixtures and empirical diffusion models.

PMID- 9964422
TI  - Steady state hydrodynamics of a lattice Boltzmann immiscible lattice gas.

PMID- 9964423
TI  - Probability density functions, skewness, and flatness in large Reynolds number
      turbulence.

PMID- 9964424
TI  - Fluctuating hydrodynamic interfaces: Theory and simulation.

PMID- 9964426
TI  - Surface tension of freestanding partially fluorinated liquid-crystal films.

PMID- 9964425
TI  - Analysis of a pattern-forming lattice-gas automaton: Mean-field theory and
      beyond.

PMID- 9964428
TI  - Fluctuations and light scattering in a liquid crystal polymer fiber.

PMID- 9964427
TI  - Phase equilibria in solutions of disklike particles.

PMID- 9964429
TI  - Solution of the Oldano-Barbero paradox.

PMID- 9964430
TI  - Influence of surface elasticity on the director profile of nontwisted nematic
      liquid-crystal cells.

PMID- 9964431
TI  - Ground-state phase diagram of the ordered columnar phases of liquid-crystal
      materials.

PMID- 9964433
TI  - Anomalous glass transitions and stretched exponential relaxation in fused salts
      and polar organic compounds.

PMID- 9964432
TI  - Variational approach for minimizing Lennard-Jones energies.

PMID- 9964434
TI  - Scroll breakup in a three-dimensional excitable medium.

PMID- 9964435
TI  - Evaluation of the counterion distribution around spherical micelles in solution
      by small-angle neutron scattering.

PMID- 9964436
TI  - Role of nucleation in the structure evolution of a magnetorheological fluid.

PMID- 9964437
TI  - Electrodeposition: The role of concentration in the phase diagram and the Hecker
      transition.

PMID- 9964438
TI  - Self-diffusion in dilute quasi-two-dimensional hard sphere suspensions:
      Evanescent wave light scattering and video microscopy studies.

PMID- 9964439
TI  - Interferometric characterization of growth dynamics during dendritic
      electrodeposition of zinc.

PMID- 9964440
TI  - Percolation in cluster-cluster aggregation processes.

PMID- 9964441
TI  - Number of branches in diffusion-limited aggregates: The skeleton.

PMID- 9964442
TI  - Cell dynamics model of droplet formation in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals.

PMID- 9964443
TI  - Individual entanglements in a simulated polymer melt.

PMID- 9964444
TI  - Probe diffusion in gels.

PMID- 9964445
TI  - Wavelet analysis of DNA sequences.

PMID- 9964447
TI  - Enhanced Raman forward scattering.

PMID- 9964446
TI  - Response of bacterial colonies to imposed anisotropy.

PMID- 9964449
TI  - Backward- and traveling-wave tubes with dielectric-lined rippled-wall waveguides.

PMID- 9964448
TI  - Cathode-fall development in low-pressure, parallel-plane hydrogen discharges.

PMID- 9964451
TI  - Nonconservative Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics.

PMID- 9964450
TI  - Temporal dynamics of storage ring free electron lasers.

PMID- 9964452
TI  - Tri-Hamiltonian duality between solitons and solitary-wave solutions having
      compact support.

PMID- 9964453
TI  - Schwinger variational principle calculations of wave scattering from conducting
      cylinders using physically motivated trial functions.

PMID- 9964454
TI  - Elastodynamics of self-gravitating matter: Nonradial vibrations of a star modeled
      by a heavy spherical mass of an elastic solid.

PMID- 9964456
TI  - Three forms of localized solutions of the quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau
      equation.

PMID- 9964455
TI  - Discontinuous decompaction of a falling sandpile.

PMID- 9964457
TI  - Nonlinear theory of oscillating, decaying, and collapsing solitons in the
      generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation.

PMID- 9964459
TI  - Wavelet transform analysis directly from sinusoid crossings.

PMID- 9964458
TI  - Strongly convergent method to solve one-dimensional quantum problems.

PMID- 9964460
TI  - Numerical solution of the Schrodinger equation using discrete kinetic theory.

PMID- 9964461
TI  - Fast Fourier transform computational method for the propagation of
      electromagnetic pulses through layered dielectric media.

PMID- 9964463
TI  - Kinetic self-avoiding walks on randomly diluted lattices at the percolation
      threshold.

PMID- 9964462
TI  - Cooling-rate dependence of the ground-state energy using microcanonical simulated
      annealing.

PMID- 9964464
TI  - Free-volume fraction in hard-sphere mixtures and the osmotic spinodal curve.

PMID- 9964465
TI  - Evaporatively controlled growth of salt trees.

PMID- 9964466
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Small-scale intermittency in randomly stirred fluids' "

PMID- 9964467
TI  - Short-range screening potentials for classical Coulomb fluids: Reanalysis of
      Monte Carlo sampling and cluster model studies.

PMID- 9964468
TI  - Reply to "Short-range screening potentials for classical Coulomb fluids:
      Reanalysis of Monte Carlo sampling and cluster model studies"

PMID- 9964470
TI  - Experimental features and characteristics of traffic jams.

PMID- 9964471
TI  - Spatiotemporal on-off intermittency by random driving.

PMID- 9964469
TI  - Erratum: Dynamics in viscous orthoterphenyl: Results from coherent neutron
      scattering

PMID- 9964473
TI  - Exact transition operators for Markov and lattice Schrodinger processes
      constrained by a boundary.

PMID- 9964472
TI  - Chaotic spatially subharmonic oscillations.

PMID- 9964474
TI  - Infrared singularities in interface growth models.

PMID- 9964475
TI  - Universality in sandpile models.

PMID- 9964476
TI  - Hopf bifurcation by frustrated drifts.

PMID- 9964477
TI  - Nonlinearities in conservative growth equations.

PMID- 9964478
TI  - Evidence of two structural relaxation processes near the glass transition of a
      strong glass former.

PMID- 9964479
TI  - Measurements of extreme uv opacities in hot dense Al, Fe, and Ho.

PMID- 9964480
TI  - Stabilization of soliton instabilities by higher-order dispersion: Fourth-order
      nonlinear Schrodinger-type equations.

PMID- 9964481
TI  - Defocusing regimes of nonlinear waves in media with negative dispersion.

PMID- 9964482
TI  - Nonperturbative calculation of the probability distribution of plane-wave
      transmission through a disordered waveguide.

PMID- 9964483
TI  - Nonpolynomial fitting of multiparameter functions.

PMID- 9964484
TI  - Thermodynamic renormalization group.

PMID- 9964485
TI  - Scaling laws for spatiotemporal synchronization and array enhanced stochastic
      resonance.

PMID- 9964486
TI  - Concept of complexity in random dynamical systems.

PMID- 9964487
TI  - Layer features of the lattice gas model for self-organized criticality.

PMID- 9964488
TI  - Finite-size scaling Casimir force function: Exact spherical-model results.

PMID- 9964489
TI  - General analysis of instabilities in erbium-doped fiber lasers.

PMID- 9964490
TI  - Time-reversible dissipative ergodic maps.

PMID- 9964492
TI  - Stationary nonequilibrium ensembles for thermostated systems.

PMID- 9964491
TI  - Adsorption in models of ideal polymer chains on fractal spaces.

PMID- 9964493
TI  - Billiard boundary perturbations and periodic orbits.

PMID- 9964494
TI  - Estimation of asymmetry in physics.

PMID- 9964495
TI  - Detecting differences between delay vector distributions.

PMID- 9964496
TI  - Universal formulas for percolation thresholds.

PMID- 9964497
TI  - Nonequilibrium phase transition and self-organized criticality in a sandpile
      model with stochastic dynamics.

PMID- 9964498
TI  - Dynamics of an underdamped Josephson-junction ladder.

PMID- 9964499
TI  - Generalized mean-field study of a driven lattice gas.

PMID- 9964500
TI  - Unitary random-matrix ensemble with governable level confinement.

PMID- 9964501
TI  - Relaxation processes in one-dimensional self-gravitating many-body systems.

PMID- 9964502
TI  - Decay of classical chaotic systems: The case of the Bunimovich stadium.

PMID- 9964504
TI  - Directed-percolation conjecture for cellular automata.

PMID- 9964503
TI  - Nonuniversal critical spreading in two dimensions.

PMID- 9964505
TI  - Nonequilibrium fluctuation-induced phenomena in Josephson junctions.

PMID- 9964506
TI  - Exact solution to the exit-time problem for an undamped free particle driven by
      Gaussian white noise.

PMID- 9964507
TI  - Ticking hour glasses: Experimental analysis of intermittent flow.

PMID- 9964508
TI  - Diffusion in the presence of partial absorbers.

PMID- 9964509
TI  - Feedback control of chaotic motions and unstable wave packets in a space-time
      dependent system.

PMID- 9964510
TI  - Levy diffusion and classes of universal parametric correlations.

PMID- 9964511
TI  - Fractal dimension fluctuations for snapshot attractors of random maps.

PMID- 9964512
TI  - Current distribution in the three-dimensional random resistor network at the
      percolation threshold.

PMID- 9964513
TI  - Calculation of the effective diffusivity of heterogeneous media using the lattice
      Boltzmann method.

PMID- 9964514
TI  - Fractal dimensions of sediments in nature.

PMID- 9964515
TI  - Gigahertz photon density waves in a turbid medium: Theory and experiments.

PMID- 9964516
TI  - Invariance properties and correlation functions in liquid-state theory:
      Connection with the Ward-Takahashi identities.

PMID- 9964517
TI  - Thermodynamics of fluids obtained by mapping the collision properties.

PMID- 9964518
TI  - Predictability in systems with many characteristic times: The case of turbulence.

PMID- 9964519
TI  - Effective field theory for hard-sphere fluids.

PMID- 9964520
TI  - Conditionally averaged vorticity field and turbulence modeling.

PMID- 9964521
TI  - Probability distribution of hard-disk and hard-sphere gases over finite
      subvolumes.

PMID- 9964522
TI  - Gas-kinetic derivation of Navier-Stokes-like traffic equations.

PMID- 9964523
TI  - Finite-size effects in molecular dynamics simulations: Static structure factor
      and compressibility. I. Theoretical method.

PMID- 9964524
TI  - Finite-size effects in molecular dynamics simulations: Static structure factor
      and compressibility. II. Application to a model krypton fluid.

PMID- 9964525
TI  - Nematic ordering in highly restrictive Vycor glass.

PMID- 9964526
TI  - Electro-optic properties of a polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal film: Temperature
      dependence and phase behavior.

PMID- 9964527
TI  - Morphological instabilities of a nonequilibrium nematic-isotropic interface.

PMID- 9964529
TI  - Mean-field nematic-smectic-A transition in a random polymer network.

PMID- 9964528
TI  - Anchoring of nematic liquid crystals at a solid substrate.

PMID- 9964530
TI  - Determination of the effective splay-bend elastic constant of a lyotropic nematic
      liquid crystal.

PMID- 9964531
TI  - Substrate-induced bulk alignment of liquid crystals.

PMID- 9964532
TI  - Metastability of freely suspended liquid-crystal films.

PMID- 9964534
TI  - Structures of hard-core Yukawa clusters and the tail-range dependence of the
      existence of a liquidlike cluster phase: Relevance to the physics of C60.

PMID- 9964533
TI  - Coverage fluctuation and the available line fraction for spheres deposited on a
      one-dimensional collector after diffusion under the influence of gravity.

PMID- 9964535
TI  - Optical hysteresis in laser-induced liquid-liquid phase separation.

PMID- 9964536
TI  - Fractal nature of viscous fingering in three-dimensional pore-level models.

PMID- 9964537
TI  - Structural and thermal properties of orientationally ordered dipolar fluids.

PMID- 9964538
TI  - Wormlike micelles under shear flow: A microscopic model studied by nonequilibrium
      molecular-dynamics computer simulations.

PMID- 9964539
TI  - Growth dynamics and morphology of passive films.

PMID- 9964540
TI  - Energy dissipation of fluid membranes.

PMID- 9964541
TI  - Free energies of isolated five- and sevenfold disclinations in hexatic membranes.

PMID- 9964542
TI  - Dislocation-mediated melting near isostructural critical points.

PMID- 9964543
TI  - Circle, sphere, and drop packings.

PMID- 9964544
TI  - Pattern formations in lipid monolayers under illumination.

PMID- 9964545
TI  - Nonequilibrium structural changes of a viscoelastic liquid under oscillatory
      shear: A molecular dynamics study.

PMID- 9964546
TI  - Modulated structures in Langmuir monolayers and in smectic films.

PMID- 9964547
TI  - Time scales for transitions between free-energy minima of a dense hard-sphere
      system.

PMID- 9964548
TI  - Spinodal decomposition in binary mixtures.

PMID- 9964549
TI  - Light-scattering spectrum of supercooled liquids.

PMID- 9964550
TI  - Reaction-diffusion model for the hydration and setting of cement.

PMID- 9964552
TI  - Topological defects on fluctuating surfaces: General properties and the
      Kosterlitz-Thouless transition.

PMID- 9964551
TI  - Structures and phase transitions of amorphous ices.

PMID- 9964553
TI  - Sine-Gordon field theory for the Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions on fluctuating
      membranes.

PMID- 9964554
TI  - Shape transformations of vesicles with intramembrane domains.

PMID- 9964555
TI  - Relevance of surrogate-data testing in electroencephalogram analysis.

PMID- 9964556
TI  - Gaussian random field description of fluctuating fluid vesicles.

PMID- 9964558
TI  - Implicit-moment, partially linearized particle simulation of kinetic plasma
      phenomena.

PMID- 9964557
TI  - Measurement of the Coulomb energy loss by fast protons in a plasma target.

PMID- 9964559
TI  - Nonlinearities and instabilities of dissipative drift waves in dusty plasmas.

PMID- 9964560
TI  - Experimental demonstration of a high-power slow-wave electron cyclotron maser
      based on a combined resonance of Cherenkov and anomalous Doppler interactions.

PMID- 9964561
TI  - Negative differential conductivity of electrons in pure rare gases.

PMID- 9964562
TI  - Laser-Bernstein-mode coupling in a laser-produced plasma.

PMID- 9964563
TI  - Decay instability of an electron plasma wave in a dusty plasma.

PMID- 9964565
TI  - Atomic level population for nonideal plasmas in strong electric fields.

PMID- 9964564
TI  - Dependence of stimulated Brillouin scattering on laser intensity, laser f number,
      and ion species in hohlraum plasmas.

PMID- 9964566
TI  - Experimental investigation of the melting transition of the plasma crystal.

PMID- 9964567
TI  - Negative-energy perturbations in circularly cylindrical equilibria within the
      framework of Maxwell-drift kinetic theory.

PMID- 9964568
TI  - Formation of multiple subpulses in a free-electron laser operating in the limit
      cycle mode.

PMID- 9964569
TI  - Strong coupling operation of a free-electron-laser amplifier with an axial
      magnetic field.

PMID- 9964570
TI  - Excitation of cyclotron resonances from random fluctuations of stellarator
      windings.

PMID- 9964571
TI  - Resistive wall impedance as derivative of the electric capacitance for a beam
      pipe of arbitrary cross section.

PMID- 9964572
TI  - Space-charge-dominated bunched beams in the frequency domain.

PMID- 9964573
TI  - Particle size segregation in a two-dimensional bed undergoing vertical vibration.

PMID- 9964575
TI  - Mechanical equilibrium of conformal crystals.

PMID- 9964574
TI  - Unexpected behavior of nonlinear Schrodinger solitons in an external potential.

PMID- 9964576
TI  - Small-amplitude envelope solitons in nonlinear lattices.

PMID- 9964577
TI  - Resonances of a coated sphere.

PMID- 9964578
TI  - Linear stability analysis for propagating fracture.

PMID- 9964579
TI  - Theory for multiple light scattering from Rayleigh scatterers in magnetic fields.

PMID- 9964580
TI  - Systematic behavior of the Mie scattering coefficients of spheres as a function
      of order.

PMID- 9964582
TI  - Finite-size scaling and critical exponents in critical relaxation.

PMID- 9964581
TI  - Effective characteristic polynomials and two-point Pade approximants as summation
      techniques for the strongly divergent perturbation expansions of the ground state
      energies of anharmonic oscillators.

PMID- 9964583
TI  - Synchronization of chaotic systems by continuous control.

PMID- 9964584
TI  - Dynamical properties and predictability of a class of self-organized critical
      models.

PMID- 9964585
TI  - Simple model for Maxwell's-demon-type information engine.

PMID- 9964586
TI  - Generalized Lyapunov exponents for products of correlated random matrices.

PMID- 9964587
TI  - Solution of the Fokker-Planck equation for reactive Rayleigh gas.

PMID- 9964588
TI  - Thermodynamic self-consistency criterion in the mixed integral equation theory of
      liquid structure.

PMID- 9964589
TI  - Pattern formation in a vibrated two-dimensional granular layer.

PMID- 9964590
TI  - Surface-anisotropy-induced linear electro-optic effect in a nematic liquid
      crystal.

PMID- 9964592
TI  - Theoretical analysis of the helix-coil transition in positively superhelical DNA
      at high temperatures.

PMID- 9964591
TI  - Dynamic light scattering from power-law polydisperse fractals: Application of
      dynamic scaling to humic acid.

PMID- 9964593
TI  - Head-on collision of two concentric cylindrical ion acoustic solitary waves.

PMID- 9964594
TI  - Comment on "Translation-rotation paradox for diffusion in fragile glass-forming
      liquids"

PMID- 9964595
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Translation-rotation paradox for diffusion in fragile glass
      forming liquids' "

PMID- 9964596
TI  - Reaction-diffusion front for A+B-->

PMID- 9964597
TI  - Signal detection statistics of stochastic resonators.

PMID- 9964599
TI  - Optimal path and directed percolation.

PMID- 9964598
TI  - Symbolic dynamics for strong chaos on stochastic webs: General quasisymmetry.

PMID- 9964600
TI  - Exact master equations for driven dissipative tight-binding models.

PMID- 9964601
TI  - Hexagonal convection cells under conditions of vertical symmetry.

PMID- 9964602
TI  - Different convection dynamics in mixtures with the same separation ratio.

PMID- 9964603
TI  - Plasma influence on the dispersion properties of finite-length, corrugated
      waveguides.

PMID- 9964604
TI  - Structural analysis of a Coulomb lattice in a dusty plasma.

PMID- 9964605
TI  - Effect of strongly favorable substrate interactions on the thermal properties of
      ultrathin polymer films.

PMID- 9964606
TI  - Instability threshold in the Benard-Marangoni problem.

PMID- 9964607
TI  - Learning from minimum entropy queries in a large committee machine.

PMID- 9964609
TI  - Electron cavitation and acceleration in the wake of an ultraintense, self-focused
      laser pulse.

PMID- 9964608
TI  - Multifractal analysis of the coupling space of feedforward neural networks.

PMID- 9964611
TI  - Synchronization in small assemblies of chaotic systems.

PMID- 9964610
TI  - Subpicosecond compression of 0.1-1 nC electron bunches with a magnetic chicane at
      8 MeV.

PMID- 9964612
TI  - Phase diffusion in a chaotic pendulum.

PMID- 9964613
TI  - Bounds on the decay of the autocorrelation in phase ordering dynamics.

PMID- 9964614
TI  - Coarsening and persistence in the voter model.

PMID- 9964615
TI  - Stochastic chaos and resonance in a bistable stochastic system.

PMID- 9964616
TI  - Quantum tunneling, dynamical symmetry, and quantum revival.

PMID- 9964618
TI  - Amplitude-independent chaotic synchronization.

PMID- 9964617
TI  - General theory of instabilities for patterns with sharp interfaces in reaction
      diffusion systems.

PMID- 9964619
TI  - Semiquantum chaos in the double well.

PMID- 9964621
TI  - Memory and correlation effects in the quantum theory of thermalization.

PMID- 9964620
TI  - Kinetics of multidimensional fragmentation.

PMID- 9964623
TI  - Mean field equation for the curvature-driven motion of bicontinuous, random
      interfaces.

PMID- 9964622
TI  - Annihilation of charged particles.

PMID- 9964624
TI  - Spatial correlations and cross sections of clusters in the A+B-->0 reaction.

PMID- 9964625
TI  - Theory and system analysis of field-dependent thermodynamic variables and Maxwell
      relations.

PMID- 9964626
TI  - Synchronization of nonlinear systems with distinct parameters: Phase
      synchronization and metamorphosis.

PMID- 9964627
TI  - Energy spectra of the hydrogen atom and the harmonic oscillator in two dimensions
      from Bogomolny's semiclassical transfer operator.

PMID- 9964628
TI  - Determining exponents in models of kinetic surface roughening.

PMID- 9964630
TI  - Finite-size scaling and the toroidal partition function of the critical
      asymmetric six-vertex model.

PMID- 9964629
TI  - Angular distribution of diffusely transmitted light.

PMID- 9964631
TI  - First-passage-time statistics for diffusion processes with an external random
      force.

PMID- 9964632
TI  - Ergodicity in hard-ball systems and Boltzmann's entropy.

PMID- 9964633
TI  - Folding transition of the triangular lattice in a discrete three-dimensional
      space.

PMID- 9964634
TI  - Information-theoretic characterization of quantum chaos.

PMID- 9964635
TI  - Band structure and quantum Poincare sections of a classically chaotic quantum
      rippled channel.

PMID- 9964637
TI  - Multi-interaction mean-field renormalization group.

PMID- 9964636
TI  - Ray splitting and quantum chaos.

PMID- 9964638
TI  - Nonequilibrium phase transition in the case of correlated noises.

PMID- 9964639
TI  - Universal behavior of the amplitude ratio of percolation susceptibilities for off
      lattice percolation models.

PMID- 9964640
TI  - Intermittent chaos and multifractal systems.

PMID- 9964642
TI  - Apparent fractality emerging from models of random distributions.

PMID- 9964641
TI  - Universal short-time dynamics in the Kosterlitz-Thouless phase.

PMID- 9964643
TI  - Dissipative effects on the localization of a charged oscillator in a magnetic
      field.

PMID- 9964644
TI  - Reconstruction of a first-order phase transition from computer simulations of
      individual phases and subphases.

PMID- 9964645
TI  - Chaos in a quantum well in tilted fields: A scaling system.

PMID- 9964647
TI  - Chaos for Liouville probability densities.

PMID- 9964646
TI  - Lyapunov spectral analysis of a nonequilibrium Ising-like transition.

PMID- 9964649
TI  - Self-organized criticality in a hierarchical model of defects development.

PMID- 9964648
TI  - Microcanonical ensemble Monte Carlo method for discrete systems.

PMID- 9964650
TI  - Nucleation model for diffusion-limited coalescence with finite reaction rates in
      one dimension.

PMID- 9964652
TI  - Noise-induced phase transitions in globally coupled active rotators.

PMID- 9964651
TI  - Maximal Lyapunov exponent at crises.

PMID- 9964653
TI  - Isotropic and anisotropic spectra of passive scalar fluctuations in turbulent
      fluid flow.

PMID- 9964655
TI  - Capillary gravity waves caused by a moving disturbance: Wave resistance.

PMID- 9964654
TI  - Scaling laws at nonlinear Schrodinger defect sites.

PMID- 9964656
TI  - Structure factor of hard spheres near a wall.

PMID- 9964657
TI  - Exact resummations in the theory of hydrodynamic turbulence. III. Scenarios for
      anomalous scaling and intermittency.

PMID- 9964659
TI  - Transition to weak turbulence via spatiotemporal intermittency in the Taylor-Dean
      system.

PMID- 9964658
TI  - Domain stability, competition, growth, and selection in globally constrained
      bistable systems.

PMID- 9964660
TI  - High-pressure neutron diffraction on fluid methane.

PMID- 9964661
TI  - Anomalous scaling in a model of passive scalar advection: Exact results.

PMID- 9964662
TI  - Stochastic process for the dynamics of the turbulent cascade.

PMID- 9964664
TI  - Connection between the Rayleigh and the Schrodinger equations.

PMID- 9964663
TI  - Helical shell models for three-dimensional turbulence.

PMID- 9964665
TI  - Bifurcations on the fcc lattice.

PMID- 9964666
TI  - Quasi-self-similarity for wetting drops.

PMID- 9964667
TI  - Nonlinear electrohydrodynamic waves on films falling down an inclined plane.

PMID- 9964668
TI  - Oscillatory bifurcation with broken translation symmetry.

PMID- 9964669
TI  - Oscillatory doubly diffusive convection in a finite container.

PMID- 9964671
TI  - Phase equilibria of a polymer-smectic-liquid-crystal mixture.

PMID- 9964670
TI  - Twisting transition in a fiber composed of chiral smectic-C liquid crystal
      polymer.

PMID- 9964672
TI  - Fluctuations and light scattering in free-standing smectic-C films.

PMID- 9964673
TI  - Nematic ordering in porous glasses: A deuterium NMR study.

PMID- 9964675
TI  - Systematic study of orientational wetting and anchoring at a liquid-crystal
      surfactant interface.

PMID- 9964674
TI  - Nature of the smectic-A-hexatic-B-crystal-B transitions of a liquid-crystal
      compound.

PMID- 9964676
TI  - Phase diagram of branched polymer collapse.

PMID- 9964677
TI  - Spinodal decomposition in multicomponent fluid mixtures: A molecular dynamics
      study.

PMID- 9964678
TI  - Generic rigidity percolation in two dimensions.

PMID- 9964679
TI  - Lyapunov instability of fluids composed of rigid diatomic molecules.

PMID- 9964680
TI  - Fractal model of consolidation of weakly aggregated colloidal dispersions.

PMID- 9964681
TI  - Molecular dynamics simulations of phase separation in chemically reactive binary
      mixtures.

PMID- 9964682
TI  - Dynamics and conformation of polymer chains in a porous medium.

PMID- 9964683
TI  - Shear flow of one-component polarizable fluid in a strong electric field.

PMID- 9964684
TI  - Surface tension, hydrophobicity, and black holes: The entropic connection.

PMID- 9964685
TI  - Static properties of confined colloidal suspensions.

PMID- 9964686
TI  - Boundary layer analysis of the ridge singularity in a thin plate.

PMID- 9964687
TI  - Computation of the dendritic operating state at large supercoolings by the phase
      field model.

PMID- 9964688
TI  - Anisotropic surface morphology of poly(vinyl 4-methoxy-cinnamate) and 12
      8(poly)diacetylene thin films induced by linear photopolymerization.

PMID- 9964689
TI  - Deformation of grafted polymer layers in strong shear flows.

PMID- 9964690
TI  - Experiments on anisotropic radial viscous fingering.

PMID- 9964691
TI  - Observation of a two-stage melting transition in two dimensions.

PMID- 9964692
TI  - Theory of cylindrical tubules and helical ribbons of chiral lipid membranes.

PMID- 9964693
TI  - Unwinding a polymer in a poor solvent.

PMID- 9964694
TI  - Computer simulation of structures and rheological properties of
      electrorheological fluids.

PMID- 9964696
TI  - Gradient diffusion in concentrated ferrocolloids under the influence of a
      magnetic field.

PMID- 9964695
TI  - Mixing of a two-phase fluid by cavity flow.

PMID- 9964698
TI  - Critical behavior in a polymer blend.

PMID- 9964697
TI  - Density functional approach to the structure of homogeneous colloidal dispersion.

PMID- 9964699
TI  - Conductivity of random sphere packings: Effects of a size distribution.

PMID- 9964701
TI  - Pore formation and rupture in fluid bilayers.

PMID- 9964700
TI  - Weak pinning of interfaces.

PMID- 9964702
TI  - Gaussian self-consistent method for the kinetics of heteropolymers: A direction
      in studying the protein folding problem.

PMID- 9964703
TI  - Experimental investigation of the structure of nonionic microemulsions and their
      relation to the bending elasticity of the amphiphilic film.

PMID- 9964704
TI  - Two-scale model for aggregation and etching.

PMID- 9964705
TI  - Coarsening kinetics in finite clusters.

PMID- 9964706
TI  - Interface proliferation and the growth of labyrinths in a reaction-diffusion
      system.

PMID- 9964708
TI  - Perturbative treatments and learning techniques.

PMID- 9964707
TI  - Cooperative behavior in periodically driven noisy integrate-fire models of
      neuronal dynamics.

PMID- 9964710
TI  - Classification of time series with hidden Markov models: Unsupervised learning
      and self-organization.

PMID- 9964709
TI  - Probabilistic cellular automaton describing a biological immune system.

PMID- 9964711
TI  - Learning by examples from a nonuniform distribution.

PMID- 9964712
TI  - Normal approach to the linearized Fokker-Planck equation for the inverse-square
      force.

PMID- 9964713
TI  - Excitation of 2p levels of argon in Townsend discharges at a high ratio of
      electric field to gas density.

PMID- 9964715
TI  - Self-consistent analytical model of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in inertial
      confinement fusion.

PMID- 9964714
TI  - Momentum transfer theory of nonconservative charged particle transport in
      mixtures of gases: General equations and negative differential conductivity.

PMID- 9964716
TI  - Langmuir oscillations in a cold inhomogeneous plasma.

PMID- 9964717
TI  - Kinetic Alfven wave in three-component dusty plasmas.

PMID- 9964718
TI  - Transition to turbulence via spatiotemporal intermittency in stimulated Raman
      backscattering.

PMID- 9964720
TI  - Uniaxial nonlinear surface waves.

PMID- 9964721
TI  - Symmetric and asymmetric solitons in twin-core nonlinear optical fibers.

PMID- 9964719
TI  - Dynamic-aperture estimates and phase-space distortions in nonlinear betatron
      motion.

PMID- 9964722
TI  - Two-dimensional spatial optical solitons in bulk Kerr media stabilized by self
      induced multiphoton ionization: Variational approach.

PMID- 9964723
TI  - Transfer matrices for multiport devices made from solitons.

PMID- 9964725
TI  - Localization of light in three-dimensional random dielectric media.

PMID- 9964724
TI  - Analytic expressions for the electromagnetic mode density in finite, one
      dimensional, photonic band-gap structures.

PMID- 9964726
TI  - Perturbation theories of a discrete, integrable nonlinear Schrodinger equation.

PMID- 9964727
TI  - Zero-crosstalk junctions made from dark solitons.

PMID- 9964728
TI  - Generation of high-energy localized vibrational modes in nonlinear Klein-Gordon
      lattices.

PMID- 9964730
TI  - Eigenvalue density oscillations in separable microwave resonators.

PMID- 9964729
TI  - Constitutive relation for the friction between lubricated surfaces.

PMID- 9964731
TI  - Torsion dynamics of molecular systems.

PMID- 9964732
TI  - Thermal excitation of the H atom.

PMID- 9964734
TI  - Zipf's law in percolation.

PMID- 9964733
TI  - Alternative model of dissipation in quantum mechanics.

PMID- 9964735
TI  - Stochastic foundations of fractional dynamics.

PMID- 9964736
TI  - Generalized flow equation and kinetic coefficients in a reaction-diffusion
      system.

PMID- 9964738
TI  - Surface defects and forces in nematic liquid crystal samples.

PMID- 9964737
TI  - Flow alignment in the helix uncoiling of sheared cholesteric liquid crystals.

PMID- 9964739
TI  - Periodic cylindrical surface solution for fluid bilayer membranes.

PMID- 9964741
TI  - Universal topological properties of shells in soap froth.

PMID- 9964740
TI  - Agglomerate erosion: A nonscaling solution to the fragmentation equation.

PMID- 9964743
TI  - Protein dynamics with off-lattice Monte Carlo moves.

PMID- 9964742
TI  - Effect of time correlation of input patterns on the convergence of on-line
      learning.

PMID- 9964744
TI  - Localized structures of electromagnetic waves in hot electron-positron plasmas.

PMID- 9964746
TI  - Fast Monte Carlo algorithm for nonequilibrium systems.

PMID- 9964745
TI  - Resonance shift in relativistic traveling wave amplifiers.

PMID- 9964747
TI  - Energy derivatives in variational calculations using Slater-type and Gauss-type
      orbitals.

PMID- 9964748
TI  - Comment on "Nonlinear resonance and chaos in the relativistic phase space for
      driven nonlinear systems"

PMID- 9964749
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Nonlinear resonance and chaos in the relativistic phase
      space for driven nonlinear systems' "

PMID- 9964750
TI  - Comment on "Exact solution of the wave dynamics of a particle bouncing
      chaotically on a periodically oscillating wall"

PMID- 9964751
TI  - Erratum: Vortex filament dynamics in plasmas and superconductors

PMID- 9964752
TI  - Array-enhanced friction in the periodic stick-slip motion of nonlinear
      oscillators.

PMID- 9964753
TI  - Exact results for kinetics of catalytic reactions.

PMID- 9964754
TI  - Oscillatory kinetics of reactions on solid surfaces resulting from bistability
      and diffusion limitations.

PMID- 9964756
TI  - Anomalous scaling for passively advected magnetic fields.

PMID- 9964755
TI  - Phase-field method for computationally efficient modeling of solidification with
      arbitrary interface kinetics.

PMID- 9964758
TI  - Transition in particle capture in deep bed filtration.

PMID- 9964757
TI  - Scaling property of turbulent flows.

PMID- 9964759
TI  - Statistical two-vortex equilibrium and vortex merger.

PMID- 9964761
TI  - Molecular dynamics simulation evidence of anomalous diffusion of protein
      hydration water.

PMID- 9964760
TI  - Gaussian tricritical behavior of heat capacity at the smectic-A-smectic-C liquid
      crystal transition.

PMID- 9964762
TI  - Amplitude, wave form, and temperature dependence of bilayer ripples in the P beta
      ' phase.

PMID- 9964763
TI  - Wave-field distributions for toroidal plasmas with nearly circular cross
      sections.

PMID- 9964764
TI  - Detection of THz pulses by phase retardation in lithium tantalate.

PMID- 9964765
TI  - Generalized simulated annealing algorithms using Tsallis statistics: Application
      to conformational optimization of a tetrapeptide.

PMID- 9964766
TI  - Controlling chaos in high dimensions: Theory and experiment.

PMID- 9964767
TI  - Density waves in dry granular media falling through a vertical pipe.

PMID- 9964768
TI  - Encoding messages using chaotic synchronization.

PMID- 9964769
TI  - Three kinds of intermittency in a nonlinear mechanical system.

PMID- 9964770
TI  - Microstructure and conductivity of hierarchical laminate composites.

PMID- 9964771
TI  - Hydrodynamic modes as singular eigenstates of the Liouvillian dynamics:
      Deterministic diffusion.

PMID- 9964772
TI  - Duffing equation with two periodic forcings: The phase effect.

PMID- 9964773
TI  - Casimir effect in critical systems: A Monte Carlo simulation.

PMID- 9964774
TI  - Mode-coupling and renormalization group results for the noisy Burgers equation.

PMID- 9964775
TI  - Spatiotemporal periodic pattern and propagated spatiotemporal on-off
      intermittency in the one-way coupled map lattice system.

PMID- 9964776
TI  - Quantum-classical comparison in chaotic systems.

PMID- 9964778
TI  - Synchronization in coupled sine circle maps.

PMID- 9964777
TI  - Mechanisms of ergodic torus destruction and appearance of strange nonchaotic
      attractors.

PMID- 9964779
TI  - Many-body diffusion and path integrals for identical particles.

PMID- 9964780
TI  - Computational complexity of symbolic dynamics at the onset of chaos.

PMID- 9964781
TI  - Navier-Stokes equations for stochastic lattice gases.

PMID- 9964782
TI  - Effects of random motions on critical point measurements: Liquid-gas systems in
      microgravity.

PMID- 9964783
TI  - Associative memory with spatiotemporal chaos control.

PMID- 9964784
TI  - Transient 1/f noise.

PMID- 9964785
TI  - Chaos and detection.

PMID- 9964786
TI  - Chaotic evolution in quantum mechanics.

PMID- 9964787
TI  - Generalized synchronization of chaos: The auxiliary system approach.

PMID- 9964788
TI  - Variational formulation of sandpile dynamics.

PMID- 9964789
TI  - Renormalized field theory and particle density profile in driven diffusive
      systems with open boundaries.

PMID- 9964790
TI  - Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of billiards in a constant magnetic field.

PMID- 9964791
TI  - Correlations in quantum plasmas. I. Resummations in Mayer-like diagrammatics.

PMID- 9964792
TI  - Correlations in quantum plasmas. II. Algebraic tails.

PMID- 9964793
TI  - On-shell expansion of the nonequilibrium generating functional: Application to
      superfluid 4He.

PMID- 9964794
TI  - Particle hopping models and traffic flow theory.

PMID- 9964795
TI  - Model for force fluctuations in bead packs.

PMID- 9964796
TI  - Structure factor tail for the ordering kinetics of nonconserved systems without
      topological defects.

PMID- 9964797
TI  - Critical dynamics of a dynamical version of the classical Heisenberg model.

PMID- 9964798
TI  - Fluctuation-dissipation relations and universal behavior for relaxation processes
      in systems with static disorder and in the theory of mortality.

PMID- 9964799
TI  - Decoherence and classical predictability of phase-space histories.

PMID- 9964800
TI  - 1/f noise in the Bak-Sneppen model.

PMID- 9964801
TI  - Fractal properties of the stretch-twist-fold magnetic dynamo.

PMID- 9964802
TI  - Polymers with restricted branching.

PMID- 9964803
TI  - Thermodynamic description of the relaxation of two-dimensional turbulence using
      Tsallis statistics.

PMID- 9964804
TI  - Pattern selection in the absolutely unstable regime as a nonlinear eigenvalue
      problem: Taylor vortices in axial flow.

PMID- 9964805
TI  - Acoustic effects in the nonlinear oscillations of planar detonations.

PMID- 9964806
TI  - Cascades and statistical equilibrium in shell models of turbulence.

PMID- 9964807
TI  - Morphological characterization of patterns in reaction-diffusion systems.

PMID- 9964808
TI  - Measurements of ferrofluid surface tension in confined geometry.

PMID- 9964809
TI  - Undulating rolls and their instabilities in a Rayleigh-Benard layer.

PMID- 9964810
TI  - Structure of hard-sphere metastable fluids.

PMID- 9964811
TI  - Landau-Darrieus instability and the fractal dimension of flame fronts.

PMID- 9964812
TI  - Two-layer model showing a variety of pattern types near nonequilibrium phase
      transitions.

PMID- 9964813
TI  - High-Rayleigh-number convection in spherical shells.

PMID- 9964814
TI  - Stokes drag and lubrication flows: A molecular dynamics study.

PMID- 9964815
TI  - Non-Gaussian statistics, classical field theory, and realizable Langevin models.

PMID- 9964816
TI  - Dynamics of Turing pattern monolayers close to onset.

PMID- 9964818
TI  - Kinetics of phase ordering of nematic liquid crystals in a confined geometry.

PMID- 9964817
TI  - Thermal signature of plumes in turbulent convection: The skewness of the
      derivative.

PMID- 9964819
TI  - Orientational order and micelle size in the nematic phase of the cesium
      pentadecafluorooctanoate-water system from the anisotropic self-diffusion of
      water.

PMID- 9964820
TI  - Quasistatic domains in planar nematic liquid crystals around the dielectric
      inversion point.

PMID- 9964821
TI  - Flow-alignment instability and slow director oscillations in nematic liquid
      crystals under oscillatory flow.

PMID- 9964822
TI  - Theory of modulated phases in lipid bilayers and liquid crystal films.

PMID- 9964823
TI  - Percus-Yevick approximation for fluids with spontaneous partial order: Results
      for a separable model.

PMID- 9964824
TI  - Critical point for the blue-phase-III-isotropic phase transition in chiral liquid
      crystals.

PMID- 9964825
TI  - Morphological stability of islands upon thin-film condensation.

PMID- 9964826
TI  - Entropic trapping and electrophoretic drift of a polyelectrolyte down a channel
      with a periodically oscillating width.

PMID- 9964827
TI  - Effect of the particle surface charge density on the colloidal aggregation
      mechanism.

PMID- 9964828
TI  - Electrochemical deposition with a forced fluid flow inducing a transition from
      dendrites to disordered ramified morphologies.

PMID- 9964829
TI  - Generation of transverse fluid currents and forces by an electric field: Electro
      osmosis on charge-modulated and undulated surfaces.

PMID- 9964831
TI  - Dynamical correlations in suspensions of charged rodlike macromolecules.

PMID- 9964830
TI  - Pinning of a solid-liquid-vapor interface by stripes of obstacles.

PMID- 9964832
TI  - Interface localization transition in Ising films with competing walls: Ginzburg
      criterion and crossover scaling.

PMID- 9964833
TI  - Discontinuous interface depinning from a rough wall.

PMID- 9964834
TI  - Phase-field model for dendritic growth in a channel.

PMID- 9964836
TI  - Generalized needle solutions, interfacial instabilities, and pattern formation.

PMID- 9964835
TI  - Brownian dynamics simulation of gelation and aging in interacting colloidal
      systems.

PMID- 9964837
TI  - Topological effects in ring polymers: A computer simulation study.

PMID- 9964838
TI  - Shear effects during the gelation of aqueous gelatin.

PMID- 9964839
TI  - Coherent neutron scattering response from glassy glycerol.

PMID- 9964840
TI  - Dynamics of a freely evolving, two-dimensional granular medium.

PMID- 9964841
TI  - Spinodal decomposition in an order-disorder transition: Effect of interfacial
      properties.

PMID- 9964843
TI  - Dynamics of the spreading of chainlike molecules with asymmetric surface
      interactions.

PMID- 9964842
TI  - Frozen and active regions in diffusion-limited aggregation clusters.

PMID- 9964844
TI  - Growth in systems of vesicles and membranes.

PMID- 9964846
TI  - Physical model of voltage sensing in sodium channels based on the sliding helix
      complex.

PMID- 9964845
TI  - Stress tensor of liquid-vapor states of inhomogeneous fluids.

PMID- 9964847
TI  - Effects of refractory periods in the dynamics of a diluted neural network.

PMID- 9964848
TI  - Bifurcations in mean-field-theory annealing.

PMID- 9964849
TI  - Small-angle neutron scattering from multilamellar lipid bilayers: Theory, model,
      and experiment.

PMID- 9964851
TI  - Neural network training without spurious minima.

PMID- 9964850
TI  - Compositional segmentation and long-range fractal correlations in DNA sequences.

PMID- 9964852
TI  - Relativistic arbitrary-amplitude electrostatic solitons in a plasma.

PMID- 9964853
TI  - Statistical mechanics of magnetohydrodynamics.

PMID- 9964854
TI  - Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering performed on expanding thermal arc plasmas.

PMID- 9964855
TI  - Modulational instability of beat waves in a transversely magnetized plasma: Ion
      effects.

PMID- 9964856
TI  - Darwin magnetic interaction energy and its macroscopic consequences.

PMID- 9964857
TI  - Reemission technique for symmetry measurements in Hohlraum targets containing a
      centered high-Z ball.

PMID- 9964858
TI  - Normal modes of cold confined one-component plasmas.

PMID- 9964859
TI  - Effect of correlations on the thermal equilibrium and normal modes of a non
      neutral plasma.

PMID- 9964861
TI  - Effects of stochastic drifts and time variation on particle diffusion in magnetic
      turbulence.

PMID- 9964860
TI  - Isoelectronic x-ray spectroscopy to determine electron temperatures in long-scale
      length inertial-confinement-fusion plasmas.

PMID- 9964862
TI  - Space- and time-resolved ion distribution in a recombining aluminum x-ray laser
      plasma.

PMID- 9964863
TI  - Influence of ground motion on the time evolution of beams in linear colliders.

PMID- 9964864
TI  - Explosive amplification of an electromagnetic field in a magnetized flow of
      accelerated-electron oscillators.

PMID- 9964866
TI  - Conservation of space-charge-dominated beam emittance in a strong nonlinear
      focusing field.

PMID- 9964865
TI  - Nonlinear dynamics of intense ion beam envelopes.

PMID- 9964867
TI  - Stable solitons in two-component active systems.

PMID- 9964868
TI  - Large photonic band gaps and transmittance antiresonances in periodically
      modulated quasi-one-dimensional waveguides.

PMID- 9964869
TI  - Action at a distance as a full-value solution of Maxwell equations: The basis and
      application of the separated-potentials method.

PMID- 9964871
TI  - Dynamics of coupled gap solitons.

PMID- 9964870
TI  - Model for collisions in granular gases.

PMID- 9964873
TI  - Energy localization in a nonlinear discrete system.

PMID- 9964872
TI  - Quantitative characterization of turbulence in an optical experiment.

PMID- 9964874
TI  - Spatial dynamics of solitonlike channels near interfaces between optically linear
      and nonlinear media.

PMID- 9964875
TI  - Correlated pairs in model fermion Monte Carlo calculations.

PMID- 9964876
TI  - Comparative study for the calculation of the Lyapunov spectrum from nonlinear
      experimental signals.

PMID- 9964877
TI  - Method for generating long-range correlations for large systems.

PMID- 9964878
TI  - Visualization of the local contribution to the nodal surface of a many-fermion
      wave function.

PMID- 9964879
TI  - Lacunarity analysis: A general technique for the analysis of spatial patterns.

PMID- 9964880
TI  - Stochastic resonance in the Heaviside nonlinearity with white noise and arbitrary
      periodic signal.

PMID- 9964881
TI  - Chaos and noise in a truncated Toda potential.

PMID- 9964882
TI  - Classical limit of quantum Brownian probability.

PMID- 9964884
TI  - Critical exponents of the Ising model with competing Glauber and Kawasaki
      dynamics.

PMID- 9964883
TI  - Boundary-imposed spiral drift.

PMID- 9964885
TI  - Chemical potential: Gibbs-Duhem approach.

PMID- 9964886
TI  - Effects of vacancies on overshooting in nonequilibrium ordering processes.

PMID- 9964887
TI  - Sonoluminescence and high-pressure gas scintillators.

PMID- 9964888
TI  - Temperature gradients traveling with chemical waves.

PMID- 9964889
TI  - Stochastic dynamics of relativistic turbulence.

PMID- 9964890
TI  - Density dependence of the conduction-band energy V0 of excess electrons in fluid
      xenon.

PMID- 9964891
TI  - Monte Carlo simulations of random copolymers at a selective interface.

PMID- 9964892
TI  - Spinodal decomposition in fluids: Diffusive, viscous, and inertial regimes.

PMID- 9964893
TI  - Detachment energies for a negative hydrogen ion embedded in a variety of Debye
      plasmas.

PMID- 9964894
TI  - Stable multipulse states in a nonlinear dispersive cavity with parametric gain.

PMID- 9964896
TI  - Erratum: Potts model on the Bethe lattice with mixed interactions

PMID- 9964895
TI  - Generalization of Fermat's principle for photons in random media: The least mean
      square curvature of paths and photon diffusion on the velocity sphere.

PMID- 9964898
TI  - Direct calculation of invariant measures for chaotic maps.

PMID- 9964897
TI  - Fixed-cluster acceleration algorithm for spin systems.

PMID- 9964900
TI  - Symmetry-breaking bifurcation with on-off intermittency in chaotic dynamical
      systems.

PMID- 9964899
TI  - Estimating invariants of noisy attractors.

PMID- 9964901
TI  - Domain formation in transitions with noise and a time-dependent bifurcation
      parameter.

PMID- 9964902
TI  - Experimental properties of complexity in traffic flow.

PMID- 9964904
TI  - Square patterns and quasipatterns in weakly damped Faraday waves.

PMID- 9964903
TI  - Source of relaxation in the one-dimensional gravitating system.

PMID- 9964905
TI  - Evaluation of the memory kernel for fluctuation decay in simulated glass-forming
      Ni0.5Zr0.5 liquids.

PMID- 9964907
TI  - Obliquely projecting chiral alkyl chains and their precession around the long
      core axes in the smectic-A phase of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal.

PMID- 9964906
TI  - Critical behavior at the smectic-A to nematic transition confined to a random
      network.

PMID- 9964908
TI  - Surface fields and the splay-bend elastic constant.

PMID- 9964910
TI  - Tracer diffusion of nonspherical colloidal particles.

PMID- 9964909
TI  - Shear-induced behavior in a solution of cylindrical micelles.

PMID- 9964911
TI  - Hydrophobic hydration: Inhomogeneous water structure near nonpolar molecular
      solutes.

PMID- 9964912
TI  - Control of crystallization of ionic silica particles in aqueous dispersions by
      sodium hydroxide.

PMID- 9964913
TI  - Pulses and disorder in a continuum version of step-bunching dynamics.

PMID- 9964914
TI  - Shear suppression of critical fluctuations in a diluted polymer blend.

PMID- 9964916
TI  - One-dimensional steady-state photorefractive screening solitons.

PMID- 9964915
TI  - Signal separation by nonlinear projections: The fetal electrocardiogram.

PMID- 9964917
TI  - 1/f noise in percolation and percolationlike systems.

PMID- 9964918
TI  - Geometry of simulated fractures.

PMID- 9964919
TI  - Homoclinic dynamics in experimental Shil'nikov attractors.

PMID- 9964921
TI  - Effects of surface diffusion on the Eden model.

PMID- 9964920
TI  - Quantitative analysis of a fracture surface by atomic force microscopy.

PMID- 9964922
TI  - Diffusion and trapping on a one-dimensional lattice.

PMID- 9964923
TI  - Synchronization of symmetric chaotic systems.

PMID- 9964924
TI  - Rigid-body motion, interacting billiards, and billiards on curved manifolds.

PMID- 9964925
TI  - External fluctuations in a pattern-forming instability.

PMID- 9964926
TI  - Equation of state of the hard-sphere crystal.

PMID- 9964927
TI  - Rotated sandpiles: The role of grain reorganization and inertia.

PMID- 9964928
TI  - Virial expansions for quantum plasmas: Fermi-Bose statistics.

PMID- 9964929
TI  - Correlations within eigenvectors and transition amplitudes in the two-body random
      interaction model.

PMID- 9964931
TI  - Statistics of approximately self-affine fractals: Random corrugated surface and
      time series.

PMID- 9964930
TI  - m-vector spin glass in the presence of a Gaussian random field.

PMID- 9964933
TI  - Analysis by the thermodynamic formalism for an experiment of an electronic
      circuit.

PMID- 9964932
TI  - Transient properties of a bistable kinetic model with correlations between
      additive and multiplicative noises: Mean first-passage time.

PMID- 9964935
TI  - From the quantum random walk to classical mesoscopic diffusion in crystalline
      solids.

PMID- 9964934
TI  - Expected number of distinct sites visited by N Levy flights on a one-dimensional
      lattice.

PMID- 9964936
TI  - Steady-state analysis of a bistable system with additive and multiplicative
      noises.

PMID- 9964937
TI  - Asymptotic scaling behavior of block entropies for an intermittent process.

PMID- 9964938
TI  - Bending-rigidity-driven transition and crumpling-point scaling of lattice
      vesicles.

PMID- 9964939
TI  - Causality, response theory, and the second law of thermodynamics.

PMID- 9964940
TI  - Quantum evolution of a chaotic system in contact with its surroundings.

PMID- 9964941
TI  - Cluster-variation-Pade-approximants method and the critical exponents of the fcc
      Ising model.

PMID- 9964942
TI  - Practical implementation of error estimation for the correlation dimension.

PMID- 9964943
TI  - Microscopic theory for long-range spatial correlations in lattice gas automata.

PMID- 9964944
TI  - Finite-size scaling of the Glauber model of critical dynamics.

PMID- 9964945
TI  - Winding angle distributions for random walks and flux lines.

PMID- 9964946
TI  - Generalized Langevin equations: Anomalous diffusion and probability
      distributions.

PMID- 9964948
TI  - Quantum tunneling and stochastic resonance.

PMID- 9964947
TI  - Correlation functions on the border lines of transient chaos.

PMID- 9964950
TI  - Dynamics of an assembly of finite-size Lennard-Jones spheres.

PMID- 9964949
TI  - General formula for stationary or statistically homogeneous probability density
      functions.

PMID- 9964951
TI  - Dynamics of two-dimensional traveling-wave convection patterns.

PMID- 9964952
TI  - Density equilibration near the liquid-vapor critical point of a pure fluid. II.
      Coexisting phases for T<Tc.

PMID- 9964953
TI  - Shear flows and segregation in the reaction A+B-->

PMID- 9964954
TI  - Variational bounds on energy dissipation in incompressible flows. III.
      Convection.

PMID- 9964955
TI  - Nonlinear analysis of the coupling between interface deflection and hexagonal
      patterns in Rayleigh-Benard-Marangoni convection.

PMID- 9964957
TI  - Convective fingering of an autocatalytic reaction front.

PMID- 9964956
TI  - Spatially periodic modulated Rayleigh-Benard convection.

PMID- 9964959
TI  - Incomplete combustion in nonadiabatic premixed gas flames.

PMID- 9964958
TI  - Chaos in nonpropagating hydrodynamic solitons.

PMID- 9964960
TI  - Effect of coupling and linear transformation of waves in shear flows.

PMID- 9964961
TI  - Turbulence in globally coupled maps.

PMID- 9964962
TI  - Phase transitions in driven lattice gases.

PMID- 9964963
TI  - Percolation in a self-avoiding vortex gas model of the lambda transition in three
      dimensions.

PMID- 9964964
TI  - Influence of surface tension changes on hydrodynamic flow induced by traveling
      chemical waves.

PMID- 9964965
TI  - Coarsening dynamics of field-induced inversion domain walls in smectic-C films.

PMID- 9964966
TI  - Electrostriction of the cubic blue phases in the presence of bond orientational
      order.

PMID- 9964967
TI  - Generalized dynamic domain shape calculation in ferroelectric liquid crystals.

PMID- 9964969
TI  - Theory of light scattering by thin nematic liquid crystal films.

PMID- 9964968
TI  - Nonlinear dielectric relaxation spectroscopy of the antiferroelectric liquid
      crystal 4-(1-trifluoromethyl-pheptyloxycarbonyl) phenyl 4(')-octyloxybiphenyl-4
      carboxylate.

PMID- 9964970
TI  - van der Waals-induced distortions in nematic liquid crystals close to a surface.

PMID- 9964971
TI  - Electroconvective instabilities in smectic-C* liquid crystal films.

PMID- 9964972
TI  - Steady-state shear experiments on a side-chain liquid-crystal polymer:
      Determination of the polymer conformation and liquid-crystal structure.

PMID- 9964973
TI  - Dynamic behaviors of fractal-like domains in monolayers.

PMID- 9964975
TI  - Percolation in fluid mixtures containing adhesive charged hard spheres.

PMID- 9964974
TI  - Rheology of gelatin solutions at the sol-gel transition.

PMID- 9964976
TI  - Singularity-free interpretation of the thermodynamics of supercooled water.

PMID- 9964977
TI  - Local order in two-dimensional colloidal aggregation.

PMID- 9964978
TI  - Phase transition and critical behavior in Langmuir films of myristic acid.

PMID- 9964979
TI  - Intrinsic conductivity of objects having arbitrary shape and conductivity.

PMID- 9964980
TI  - From one cell to the whole froth: A dynamical map.

PMID- 9964981
TI  - Double-layer capacitance on a rough metal surface.

PMID- 9964983
TI  - Nonexponential relaxation of density fluctuations in charge-stabilized colloids.

PMID- 9964982
TI  - Statistical analysis of off-lattice diffusion-limited aggregates in channel and
      sector geometries.

PMID- 9964984
TI  - Monte Carlo simulations of randomly branched polymers with annealed and quenched
      branching structures.

PMID- 9964985
TI  - Weakly nonlinear morphological instability of a cylindrical crystal growing from
      a pure undercooled melt.

PMID- 9964986
TI  - First-principles molecular dynamics of liquid alkali metals based on the quantal
      hypernetted chain theory.

PMID- 9964987
TI  - Specific heat capacity singularity and related weak anomalies in the nitroethane
      cyclohexane critical binary mixture.

PMID- 9964988
TI  - Correlated energy landscape model for finite, random heteropolymers.

PMID- 9964989
TI  - Statistical physics of the freely jointed chain.

PMID- 9964990
TI  - Collective oscillations in microtubule growth.

PMID- 9964991
TI  - Using phase transitions to investigate the effect of salts on protein
      interactions.

PMID- 9964992
TI  - Hidden peculiarities in the potential energy time series of a tripeptide
      highlighted by a recurrence plot analysis: A molecular dynamics simulation.

PMID- 9964993
TI  - Equivalence between learning in noisy perceptrons and tree committee machines.

PMID- 9964994
TI  - Entrainment and termination of reentrant wave propagation in a periodically
      stimulated ring of excitable media.

PMID- 9964995
TI  - Space of interactions with definite symmetry in neural networks with biased
      patterns as a spin-glass problem.

PMID- 9964996
TI  - Possible origin of power-law behavior in n-tuple Zipf analysis.

PMID- 9964997
TI  - Electromagnetic waves emitted from an electron-positron plasma cloud moving
      across a magnetic field.

PMID- 9964998
TI  - Multicomponent diffusion in two-temperature magnetohydrodynamics.

PMID- 9964999
TI  - Stark broadening and shift of the first two Paschen lines of hydrogen.

PMID- 9965001
TI  - Stability domain of planar symplectic maps using invariant manifolds.

PMID- 9965000
TI  - Spectroscopy of compressed high energy density matter.

PMID- 9965002
TI  - Measurement of subpicosecond electron pulses.

PMID- 9965003
TI  - Radiation generation by photoswitched, periodically biased semiconductors.

PMID- 9965005
TI  - Motion of three inelastic particles on a ring.

PMID- 9965004
TI  - Particle acceleration in an active medium.

PMID- 9965006
TI  - Penetration of electromagnetic velocity fields through a conducting wall of
      finite thickness.

PMID- 9965007
TI  - Theory and simulation of classical and quantum echoes.

PMID- 9965008
TI  - Soliton interaction in nonequilibrium dynamical systems.

PMID- 9965010
TI  - Multiple forward scattering of scalar waves through inhomogeneously random
      burstlike media.

PMID- 9965009
TI  - Interaction of a soliton with point impurities in an inhomogeneous, discrete
      nonlinear Schrodinger system.

PMID- 9965011
TI  - Coherent Raman response and spectral characteristics of ultrashort solitons in
      fibers.

PMID- 9965012
TI  - Stochastic model for the motion of a particle on an inclined rough plane and the
      onset of viscous friction.

PMID- 9965013
TI  - Real-time dynamics from imaginary-time quantum Monte Carlo simulations: Tests on
      oscillator chains.

PMID- 9965014
TI  - Computational model for coupled electron-photon transport in two dimensions.

PMID- 9965015
TI  - Electron-wave-function calculation in the continuous part of the spectrum: The
      case of slowly varying potential asymptotics.

PMID- 9965016
TI  - Multicanonical Monte Carlo study of solid-solid phase coexistence in a model
      colloid.

PMID- 9965017
TI  - Dynamical model for stretched exponential relaxation in solids.

PMID- 9965018
TI  - Stationary solution for the color-driven Duffing oscillator.

PMID- 9965019
TI  - Noise and synchronization in chaotic systems.

PMID- 9965020
TI  - Uncertainty in coupled chaotic systems: Locally intermingled basins of
      attraction.

PMID- 9965021
TI  - Zeros of the partition function for a continuum system at first-order
      transitions.

PMID- 9965022
TI  - Supertransient chaos in the two-dimensional complex Ginzburg-Landau equation.

PMID- 9965023
TI  - Synchronization of the Lorenz system through continuous feedback control.

PMID- 9965024
TI  - Fractal scaling of small-angle neutron scattering from nonionic micellar
      solutions below the cloud temperature.

PMID- 9965026
TI  - Scaling-violation anomaly at critical wetting.

PMID- 9965025
TI  - Elastic string in a random medium.

PMID- 9965027
TI  - Stark broadening and shift of selected neutral neon lines.

PMID- 9965028
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Exact solution of the wave dynamics of a particle bouncing
      chaotically on a periodically oscillating-wall"'

PMID- 9965029
TI  - Erratum: Cluster formation, standing waves, and stripe patterns in oscillatory
      active media with local and global coupling

PMID- 9965030
TI  - Erratum: Chaotic behavior of renormalization flow in a complex magnetic field

PMID- 9965031
TI  - Suppressing chaos in lasers by negative feedback.

PMID- 9965033
TI  - Proof of Lyapunov exponent pairing for systems at constant kinetic energy.

PMID- 9965032
TI  - Absence of self-averaging in global optimization problems.

PMID- 9965034
TI  - Instabilities on crystal surfaces: The two-component body-centered solid-on-solid
      model.

PMID- 9965036
TI  - Hard turbulence in rotating Rayleigh-Benard convection.

PMID- 9965035
TI  - Scaling properties of Lyapunov spectra for the band random matrix model.

PMID- 9965037
TI  - Early stages of ramified growth in quasi-two-dimensional electrochemical
      deposition.

PMID- 9965038
TI  - Extended self-similarity in numerical simulations of three-dimensional
      anisotropic turbulence.

PMID- 9965039
TI  - Intermittency interpretation of persistent small scale anisotropy in turbulence.

PMID- 9965040
TI  - Dynamics of surface patterning in salt-crystal dissolution.

PMID- 9965041
TI  - Normal and anomalous scaling in a problem of a passively advected magnetic field.

PMID- 9965043
TI  - Depinning transition of a directed polymer by a periodic potential: A d
      dimensional solution.

PMID- 9965042
TI  - Field-induced thickness change of ferroelectric liquid crystal films.

PMID- 9965044
TI  - Interface dynamics in a block copolymer melt and the effect of noise.

PMID- 9965046
TI  - Correlated random walk in continuous space.

PMID- 9965045
TI  - Instability of a contact surface driven by a nonuniform shock wave.

PMID- 9965047
TI  - Synchronization of oscillators with random nonlocal connectivity.

PMID- 9965048
TI  - Map with more than 100 coexisting low-period periodic attractors.

PMID- 9965049
TI  - Tracking unstable steady states by large periodic modulation of a control
      parameter in a nonlinear system.

PMID- 9965051
TI  - Average volume of the domain visited by randomly injected spherical Brownian
      particles in d dimensions.

PMID- 9965050
TI  - Space-time transformations within the path-integral approach to stochastic
      processes.

PMID- 9965052
TI  - Spherically symmetric random walks. I. Representation in terms of orthogonal
      polynomials.

PMID- 9965053
TI  - Spherically symmetric random walks. II. Dimensionally dependent critical
      behavior.

PMID- 9965054
TI  - Spherically symmetric random walks. III. Polymer adsorption at a hyperspherical
      boundary.

PMID- 9965055
TI  - Near-integrable systems: Resonances and semiclassical trace formulas.

PMID- 9965056
TI  - Growth kinetics in a phase field model with continuous symmetry.

PMID- 9965057
TI  - Out-of-phase mixed-mode oscillations of two strongly coupled identical relaxation
      oscillators.

PMID- 9965058
TI  - Controlling chaos in nonlinear three-wave coupling.

PMID- 9965059
TI  - Percolation and cluster Monte Carlo dynamics for spin models.

PMID- 9965061
TI  - Chaos suppression in flows using proportional pulses in the system variables.

PMID- 9965060
TI  - Correlation functions in the two-dimensional random-bond Ising model.

PMID- 9965063
TI  - Zipf's law, the central limit theorem, and the random division of the unit
      interval.

PMID- 9965062
TI  - Theory of random matrices with strong level confinement: Orthogonal polynomial
      approach.

PMID- 9965065
TI  - Sample-size dependence of the ground-state energy in a one-dimensional
      localization problem.

PMID- 9965064
TI  - Large-scale statistics of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation: A wavelet-based
      approach.

PMID- 9965066
TI  - Homoclinic orbits in the Maxwell-Bloch equations with a probe.

PMID- 9965067
TI  - Foundation for Fisher-information-based derivations of physical laws.

PMID- 9965068
TI  - Spatiotemporal dynamics near a codimension-two point.

PMID- 9965069
TI  - Sandpile model on the Sierpinski gasket fractal.

PMID- 9965070
TI  - Acoustic emission from crumpling paper.

PMID- 9965071
TI  - Anomalous scaling behavior in a solid-on-solid model for epitaxial growth.

PMID- 9965072
TI  - Suppression or enhancement of quantum tunneling by a nonlinear resonance induced
      in a driven double-well system.

PMID- 9965073
TI  - Generation of non-Gaussian stationary stochastic processes.

PMID- 9965075
TI  - Distinct small-distance scaling behavior of on-off intermittency in chaotic
      dynamical systems.

PMID- 9965074
TI  - Directed polymers in high dimensions.

PMID- 9965077
TI  - Self-avoiding tethered membranes with quenched random internal disorders.

PMID- 9965076
TI  - Optimal periodic orbits of chaotic systems occur at low period.

PMID- 9965078
TI  - Surface morphology and kinetic roughening of Ag on Ag(111) studied with scanning
      tunneling microscopy.

PMID- 9965080
TI  - Average lifetime and geometric properties for superlong chaotic transients in a
      hybrid optical bistable system.

PMID- 9965079
TI  - Elastic scattering by deterministic and random fractals: Self-affinity of the
      diffraction spectrum.

PMID- 9965081
TI  - Renormalization group and singular perturbations: Multiple scales, boundary
      layers, and reductive perturbation theory.

PMID- 9965082
TI  - Anisotropy and scaling corrections in turbulence.

PMID- 9965083
TI  - Tortuous flow in porous media.

PMID- 9965084
TI  - Nonlinear analysis of coupled gravitational and capillary thermoconvention in
      thin fluid layers.

PMID- 9965085
TI  - Fragmentation of a drop as it falls in a lighter miscible fluid.

PMID- 9965086
TI  - Boundary-layer analysis of waves propagating in an excitable medium: Medium
      conditions for wave-front-obstacle separation.

PMID- 9965087
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation method for the Enskog equation.

PMID- 9965089
TI  - Local and global order in a simulated two-dimensional liquid under steady shear.

PMID- 9965088
TI  - Model kinetic equation for low-density granular flow.

PMID- 9965090
TI  - Mode-coupling effects on self-diffusion in a simple fluid at freezing.

PMID- 9965092
TI  - Turbulent solutal convection and surface patterning in solid dissolution.

PMID- 9965091
TI  - Self-similar spiral flow structure in low Reynolds number isotropic and decaying
      turbulence.

PMID- 9965093
TI  - Self-assembling electrical connections based on the principle of minimum
      resistance.

PMID- 9965094
TI  - Two-frequency parametric excitation of surface waves.

PMID- 9965095
TI  - Spatially quasiperiodic convection and temporal chaos in two-layer
      thermocapillary instabilities.

PMID- 9965097
TI  - Nematic surface transitions induced by anchoring competition.

PMID- 9965096
TI  - Spectra of single-bubble sonoluminescence in water and glycerin-water mixtures.

PMID- 9965098
TI  - Correlations in the thermal fluctuations of free-standing smectic-A films as
      measured by x-ray scattering.

PMID- 9965099
TI  - Thermal phase diagram of a model Hamiltonian for columnar phases of liquid
      crystals.

PMID- 9965100
TI  - Extension and generalization of the Gay-Berne potential.

PMID- 9965101
TI  - Effect of chirality on liquid crystals in capillary tubes with parallel and
      perpendicular anchoring.

PMID- 9965102
TI  - Disorder and order in sheared colloidal suspensions.

PMID- 9965103
TI  - Solute trapping effects in planar isothermal solidification of dilute binary
      alloys.

PMID- 9965104
TI  - Fractal growth of silicon-rich domains during annealing of aluminum thin films
      deposited on silica.

PMID- 9965105
TI  - Phase separation in two-dimensional binary fluids: A molecular dynamics study.

PMID- 9965106
TI  - Evidence for chaos in an experimental time series from serrated plastic flow.

PMID- 9965107
TI  - Continuum deposition of hot dimers in one dimension.

PMID- 9965108
TI  - Inelastic collapse of three particles.

PMID- 9965110
TI  - Monte Carlo study of freezing of polydisperse hard spheres.

PMID- 9965109
TI  - Crossover from mean field to three-dimensional Ising critical behavior in a three
      component microemulsion system.

PMID- 9965111
TI  - Molecular dynamics simulations of anomalous relaxation in a binary Lennard-Jones
      system.

PMID- 9965112
TI  - Simulation of unidirectional solidification with a tilted crystalline axis.

PMID- 9965113
TI  - Probing nonlocal tracer dispersion in flows through random porous media.

PMID- 9965114
TI  - Structure and short-time dynamics of polydisperse charge-stabilized suspensions.

PMID- 9965116
TI  - Dynamic scaling behavior of a growing self-affine fractal interface in a paper
      towel-wetting experiment.

PMID- 9965115
TI  - Ion transport in the fragile glass former 3KNO3-2Ca(NO3)2.

PMID- 9965118
TI  - Self-regulation mechanism of an ecosystem in a non-Gaussian fluctuation regime.

PMID- 9965117
TI  - Uncoiling transition for DNA in solution.

PMID- 9965119
TI  - Analytical and numerical study of internal representations in multilayer neural
      networks with binary weights.

PMID- 9965120
TI  - Relaxation dynamics in Dyson's model for the origin of metabolism.

PMID- 9965121
TI  - Reconstruction and structure of electrocardiogram phase portraits.

PMID- 9965122
TI  - Plasma broadening and shifting of spectral lines along the isoelectronic sequence
      of boron.

PMID- 9965123
TI  - One-dimensional solution for electron heating in an inductively coupled plasma
      discharge.

PMID- 9965124
TI  - Statistical properties of the dense hydrogen plasma: An ab initio molecular
      dynamics investigation.

PMID- 9965126
TI  - Effects of plasma flows on particle diffusion in stochastic magnetic fields.

PMID- 9965125
TI  - Instabilities and multiple steady states of radio-frequency discharges in CF4.

PMID- 9965127
TI  - Coupling impedance of a hole in a coaxial beam pipe.

PMID- 9965128
TI  - Overlapping spin synchrotron sideband resonances.

PMID- 9965129
TI  - Particle dynamics in quasi-isochronous storage rings.

PMID- 9965130
TI  - Concept of entropy in the realm of charged particle beams.

PMID- 9965131
TI  - Calculation of the noninertial space-charge force and the coherent synchrotron
      radiation force for short electron bunches in circular motion using the retarded
      Green's function technique.

PMID- 9965132
TI  - Accurate variational approach for vector solitary waves.

PMID- 9965133
TI  - Calculation of the rise transient and relaxation time of the induced dipole Kerr
      effect.

PMID- 9965134
TI  - Nonsmoothness, indeterminacy, and friction in two-dimensional arrays of rigid
      particles.

PMID- 9965136
TI  - Quantum corrections to the motion of classical charges in high intensity
      electromagnetic fields.

PMID- 9965135
TI  - Convective roll patterns in vertically vibrated beds of granules.

PMID- 9965138
TI  - Simultaneous solitary-wave solutions in a nonlinear parametric waveguide.

PMID- 9965137
TI  - Focused one-cycle electromagnetic pulses.

PMID- 9965139
TI  - Threshold effects in light scattering from a binary diffraction grating.

PMID- 9965141
TI  - Solution of nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations.

PMID- 9965140
TI  - Collapse of solitary excitations in the nonlinear Schrodinger equation with
      nonlinear damping and white noise.

PMID- 9965142
TI  - Transport of ions during ion implantation.

PMID- 9965143
TI  - Statistical mechanics of ideal particles in null dimension and confinement.

PMID- 9965144
TI  - Repeated randomness assumption and the projection operator formalism.

PMID- 9965145
TI  - Gaussian random eigenfunctions and spatial correlations in quantum dots.

PMID- 9965146
TI  - Rhythmic hopping in a one-dimensional crisis map.

PMID- 9965147
TI  - Experimental demonstration of delay and memory effects in the bifurcations of
      nickel electrodissolution.

PMID- 9965148
TI  - Anomalous fluctuations in low-temperature molecular dynamics simulations.

PMID- 9965150
TI  - Nonequilibrium phase ordering with a global conservation law.

PMID- 9965149
TI  - Ballistic random walker.

PMID- 9965151
TI  - Random sequential adsorption of k-mers on a square lattice: The large k regime.

PMID- 9965153
TI  - Correlation coefficients between the velocity difference and local average
      dissipation of turbulence.

PMID- 9965152
TI  - Thermodynamically self-consistent integral-equation theory for pair-correlation
      functions of a molecular fluid.

PMID- 9965155
TI  - Precursors of crystallization via density fluctuations in stiff-chain polymers.

PMID- 9965154
TI  - Temporal intermittency and cascades in shell models of turbulence.

PMID- 9965156
TI  - Dynamics of water-containing sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) reverse
      micelles: A high-frequency dielectric study.

PMID- 9965158
TI  - Second-harmonic generation by intense lasers in inhomogeneous plasmas.

PMID- 9965157
TI  - Gel formation by reversible cluster-cluster aggregation.

PMID- 9965159
TI  - Erratum: Head-on collision between two solitary waves in Rayleigh-Benard
      convecting fluid

PMID- 9965160
TI  - Semiclassical quantization of a separatrix map.

PMID- 9965161
TI  - Collective transport of particles in a "flashing" periodic potential.

PMID- 9965162
TI  - Driven granular media in one dimension: Correlations and equation of state.

PMID- 9965163
TI  - Two-dimensional late-stage coarsening for nucleation and growth at high-area
      fractions.

PMID- 9965164
TI  - Controlling spatiotemporal dynamics with time-delay feedback.

PMID- 9965165
TI  - Practical tests with irregular and regular finite spectra of a proposed
      statistical measure for quantum chaos.

PMID- 9965166
TI  - Crossover from XY critical to tricritical behavior of heat capacity at the
      smectic-A-chiral-smectic-C liquid-crystal transition.

PMID- 9965167
TI  - Phase equilibrium in a molecular model of a fluid confined in a disordered porous
      material.

PMID- 9965168
TI  - First-order unbinding and preunbinding in amphiphilic systems.

PMID- 9965170
TI  - Algorithmic complexity of a protein.

PMID- 9965169
TI  - Density correlations in paper.

PMID- 9965171
TI  - Extinction and self-organized criticality in a model of large-scale evolution.

PMID- 9965172
TI  - Structure and stability of the plasma crystal.

PMID- 9965173
TI  - Wave propagation with rotating intensity distributions.

PMID- 9965174
TI  - Learning algorithm that gives the Bayes generalization limit for perceptrons.

PMID- 9965175
TI  - Ultrametricity and memory in a solvable model of self-organized criticality.

PMID- 9965177
TI  - Kinetics of catalysis with surface disorder.

PMID- 9965176
TI  - Polymerization in a ferromagnetic spin model with threshold.

PMID- 9965179
TI  - Multifractality of the Lorenz system.

PMID- 9965178
TI  - Interface fluctuations on a hierarchical lattice.

PMID- 9965180
TI  - Spatial Doppler anomaly in an excitable medium.

PMID- 9965182
TI  - Polymers interacting with spherical and rodlike particles.

PMID- 9965181
TI  - Multifractality and the shattering transition in fragmentation processes.

PMID- 9965183
TI  - Domain growth in a one-dimensional driven diffusive system.

PMID- 9965184
TI  - Bidirectional shot noise in a singly occupied channel.

PMID- 9965185
TI  - Renormalized coupling constants and related amplitude ratios for Ising systems.

PMID- 9965186
TI  - Corrosion front roughening in two-dimensional pitting of aluminum thin layers.

PMID- 9965188
TI  - Controlling chaos using nonlinear feedback with delay.

PMID- 9965187
TI  - Controlling on-off intermittent dynamics.

PMID- 9965189
TI  - Long-range correlations in nonequilibrium systems: Lattice gas automaton
      approach.

PMID- 9965190
TI  - Oscillatory dynamics in a heterogeneous surface reaction: Breakdown of the mean
      field approximation.

PMID- 9965191
TI  - Periodic orbits in a simple ray-splitting system.

PMID- 9965193
TI  - Spiking in a semiconductor device: Experiments and comparison with a model.

PMID- 9965192
TI  - Period doublings in coupled parametrically forced damped pendulums.

PMID- 9965194
TI  - Theoretical approach to the correlations of a classical crystal.

PMID- 9965196
TI  - War: The dynamics of vicious civilizations.

PMID- 9965195
TI  - Self-excited soliton motion.

PMID- 9965197
TI  - Kinetics of fragmentation-annihilation processes.

PMID- 9965198
TI  - Stochastic resonance: A chaotic dynamics approach.

PMID- 9965199
TI  - Locally excited coupled map lattice: Phase transition from a local to a global
      response.

PMID- 9965200
TI  - Anisotropic interface depinning: Numerical results.

PMID- 9965201
TI  - Wave chaos in quantum billiards with a small but finite-size scatterer.

PMID- 9965202
TI  - Invaded cluster algorithm for Potts models.

PMID- 9965203
TI  - Bubbling transition.

PMID- 9965205
TI  - One-species bimolecular reaction kinetics enhanced by anomalous diffusion.

PMID- 9965204
TI  - Synchronization of chaotic systems and on-off intermittency.

PMID- 9965206
TI  - Chaotic-to-regular transition in a semiclassical electron gas.

PMID- 9965207
TI  - Canonical partition functions for parastatistical systems of any order.

PMID- 9965208
TI  - Effects of long-ranged interactions on the nucleation dynamics in a phi6 model.

PMID- 9965210
TI  - Dynamical features of a classically chaotic quantum system: Symmetry breaking and
      the disappearance of the squeezing effect.

PMID- 9965209
TI  - Nonlinear quantum stochastic resonance.

PMID- 9965211
TI  - Theory of extremal dynamics with quenched disorder: Invasion percolation and
      related models.

PMID- 9965212
TI  - Renormalization procedure for directed self-organized critical models.

PMID- 9965213
TI  - Exact time evolution of the density of a classical many-body system: The open one
      dimensional gravitational gas.

PMID- 9965214
TI  - Bond percolation on a dilute lattice with short and long range correlations: A
      numerical simulation.

PMID- 9965215
TI  - Quantum suppression of chaos in the spin-boson model.

PMID- 9965216
TI  - Brownian motion with the exposure time control.

PMID- 9965217
TI  - Efficient and accurate calculations of stability bounds in Hamiltonian systems.

PMID- 9965218
TI  - Coarsening dynamics of falling-film solitary waves.

PMID- 9965219
TI  - Amplitude equations and pattern selection in viscoelastic convection.

PMID- 9965220
TI  - Spreading of a macroscopic lattice gas.

PMID- 9965221
TI  - Intermittency and anomalous scaling of passive scalars in any space dimension.

PMID- 9965222
TI  - Increase in chaotic motions of atoms in a large-scale self-organized motion.

PMID- 9965224
TI  - Sufficient condition for a finite-time singularity in a high-symmetry Euler flow:
      Analysis and statistics.

PMID- 9965223
TI  - Influence of through-flow on linear pattern formation properties in binary
      mixture convection.

PMID- 9965225
TI  - Entropy of glassy polymer melts: Comparison between Gibbs-DiMarzio theory and
      simulation.

PMID- 9965227
TI  - Three-dimensional perturbations in conformal turbulence.

PMID- 9965226
TI  - Adiabatic versus conductive heat transfer in off-critical SF6 in the absence of
      convection.

PMID- 9965228
TI  - Fronts between hexagons and squares in a generalized Swift-Hohenberg equation.

PMID- 9965229
TI  - Onset and evolution of the tilted smectic antiphase in a polar liquid-crystal
      binary mixture.

PMID- 9965230
TI  - Pattern formation during mesophase growth in a homologous series.

PMID- 9965231
TI  - Nature of the smectic-A-smectic-C transition of a partially perfluorinated
      compound.

PMID- 9965233
TI  - Model of liquid crystal alignment by exposure to linearly polarized ultraviolet
      light.

PMID- 9965232
TI  - Nematic order director fluctuations in cylindrical capillaries.

PMID- 9965234
TI  - Anisotropic heat transport in the octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB) liquid crystal.

PMID- 9965235
TI  - Smectic-A structures in submicrometer cylindrical cavities.

PMID- 9965236
TI  - Behavior of the director reorientation time in glass surfaces of lyotropic liquid
      crystals in the nematic to biaxial transition.

PMID- 9965238
TI  - Radial distribution of the end-to-end distance of linear stiff chains.

PMID- 9965237
TI  - Growth-direction dependence of steady-state Saffman-Taylor flow in an anisotropic
      Hele-Shaw cell.

PMID- 9965239
TI  - Natural convection in droplet evaporation.

PMID- 9965241
TI  - Consequences of kinetic inhomogeneities in glasses.

PMID- 9965240
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of polymerization-induced phase separation.

PMID- 9965243
TI  - Connection of microstructure to rheology in a microemulsion model.

PMID- 9965242
TI  - Surface tension of the polymer network of a gel.

PMID- 9965245
TI  - Density-functional theory for the freezing of Stockmayer fluids.

PMID- 9965244
TI  - Phase transitions in Langmuir films of fatty acids: L2-L2'-L2" triple point and
      order of the transitions.

PMID- 9965246
TI  - Relationship between the microstructure and rheology of micellar solutions formed
      by a triblock copolymer surfactant.

PMID- 9965248
TI  - Fluctuating hydrodynamic models for supercooled liquids and development of long
      relaxation times.

PMID- 9965247
TI  - Simple hydrodynamic model of fast-mode kinetics in surface-mediated fluid phase
      separation.

PMID- 9965250
TI  - Raman studies of three-dimensional foam.

PMID- 9965249
TI  - Dynamical properties of water-methanol solutions studied by depolarized Rayleigh
      scattering.

PMID- 9965251
TI  - Multiscale geometrical reconstruction of porous structures.

PMID- 9965252
TI  - Branched polymers in the presence of impurities.

PMID- 9965253
TI  - Measurement of the interactions between two ordering surfaces under symmetric and
      asymmetric boundary conditions.

PMID- 9965254
TI  - Shear-induced distortion of intramolecular and intermolecular correlations in
      liquids: Time-dependent density-functional theory.

PMID- 9965255
TI  - Shear response of Langmuir monolayers of heneicosanoic (C21) acid studied using a
      torsion pendulum.

PMID- 9965256
TI  - Swelling behavior and local topology of an L3 (sponge) phase.

PMID- 9965258
TI  - Diffusion measurements in oriented phospholipid bilayers by 1H-NMR in a static
      fringe field gradient.

PMID- 9965257
TI  - Statistical properties of heartbeat intervals during atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 9965259
TI  - Formation of complex bacterial colonies via self-generated vortices.

PMID- 9965261
TI  - Generalization in a two-layer neural network with multiple outputs.

PMID- 9965260
TI  - Temperature-induced sol-gel transition and microgel formation in alpha -actinin
      cross-linked actin networks: A rheological study.

PMID- 9965262
TI  - Dynamics of cytoskeletal filaments.

PMID- 9965263
TI  - Fast penetration of a magnetic field into a collisionless plasma.

PMID- 9965264
TI  - Spatiotemporal patterning of a transverse ionization instability in annular rf
      discharges.

PMID- 9965265
TI  - Inverse Faraday effect and propagation of circularly polarized intense laser
      beams in plasmas.

PMID- 9965266
TI  - Maxwell and non-Maxwell behavior of electron energy distribution function under
      expanding plasma jet conditions: The role of electron-electron, electron-ion, and
      superelastic electronic collisions under stationary and time-dependent
      conditions.

PMID- 9965267
TI  - Photoelectric effect in the super transition array model.

PMID- 9965268
TI  - Low-frequency percolation scaling for particle diffusion in electrostatic
      turbulence.

PMID- 9965269
TI  - Anomalous penetration mechanisms of very intense laser pulses into overdense
      plasmas.

PMID- 9965270
TI  - Optical and mass spectrometric investigations of ions and neutral species in SF6
      radio-frequency discharges.

PMID- 9965271
TI  - Three-body recombination rate of atomic nitrogen in low-pressure plasma flows.

PMID- 9965272
TI  - Plasma and liquid-metal resistivity calculations using the Ziman theory.

PMID- 9965273
TI  - Langmuir probe measurements in an expanding magnetized plasma.

PMID- 9965274
TI  - Bremsstrahlung in electron-ion Coulomb scattering in strongly coupled plasma
      using the hyperbolic-orbit trajectory method.

PMID- 9965276
TI  - Frequency dependence of the penetration of electromagnetic fields through an
      elliptical hole in a thin metallic wall.

PMID- 9965275
TI  - Microwave inverse C-caronerenkov accelerator.

PMID- 9965277
TI  - Emittance optimization in three- and multiple-bend achromats.

PMID- 9965278
TI  - Transport properties of arrays of elliptical cylinders.

PMID- 9965279
TI  - Propagation of waves through a line of discontinuity in two-dimensional excitable
      media: Refraction and reflection of autowaves.

PMID- 9965281
TI  - Effect of size polydispersity on granular materials.

PMID- 9965280
TI  - Coupled-mode theory for light propagation through deep nonlinear gratings.

PMID- 9965283
TI  - Anomalous density dependence of static friction in sand.

PMID- 9965282
TI  - Spectral characteristics in resonators with fractal boundaries.

PMID- 9965284
TI  - Intrinsic localized modes as solitons of the discrete Hirota equation.

PMID- 9965285
TI  - Instability-induced dynamics of dark solitons.

PMID- 9965286
TI  - Bifurcation of the periodic orbits of Hamiltonian systems: An analysis using
      normal form theory.

PMID- 9965287
TI  - Nonlinear effects in molecular chains with two types of intramolecular
      vibrations.

PMID- 9965288
TI  - Classical kinetic theory simulations using smoothed particle hydrodynamics.

PMID- 9965289
TI  - Exact numerical simulation of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and its integral.

PMID- 9965290
TI  - Two-dimensional effects in Josephson junctions: Static properties.

PMID- 9965291
TI  - Systematic generation of constituent models of particle families.

PMID- 9965292
TI  - Interface roughening with nonlinear surface tension.

PMID- 9965293
TI  - Experimental observation of phase synchronization.

PMID- 9965294
TI  - Goal-oriented scheme for taming chaos with a weak periodic perturbation:
      Experiment in a diode resonator.

PMID- 9965295
TI  - Lyapunov exponents of random time series.

PMID- 9965297
TI  - Driving and synchronizing by chaotic impulses.

PMID- 9965296
TI  - Prehistory problem for systems driven by white noise.

PMID- 9965298
TI  - Dynamical evolution of squeezing and antibunching effects in a quantum chaotic
      system: The three-level Lipkin model.

PMID- 9965299
TI  - Towards a statistical theory of finite Fermi systems and compound states: Random
      two-body interaction approach.

PMID- 9965300
TI  - Autocatalysis in a shear flow.

PMID- 9965302
TI  - Nonlinear heat conduction in gases.

PMID- 9965301
TI  - Calculation of extended electronic states in simple liquids and plasmas.

PMID- 9965303
TI  - Behavior of the Goldstone mode in smectic-C* phase and the soft mode in the
      smectic-C* and smectic-A* phases of a ferroelectric liquid-crystal mixture.

PMID- 9965305
TI  - Anomalous transport reduction via feedback suppression.

PMID- 9965304
TI  - Multiscaled randomness: A possible source of 1/f noise in biology.

PMID- 9965306
TI  - Indirect and direct laser driven shock waves and applications to copper equation
      of state measurements in the 10-40 Mbar pressure range.

PMID- 9965308
TI  - Sign ambiguity in configuration mixing and coupled channel calculations.

PMID- 9965307
TI  - Ionization-induced blue shift of KrF laser pulses in an underdense plasma.

PMID- 9965309
TI  - Erratum: Quantum transition-state theory below the crossover temperature

PMID- 9965310
TI  - Word processors with line wrap: Cascading, self-organized criticality, random
      walks, diffusion, and predictability.

PMID- 9965311
TI  - Thermodynamic formalism in the thermodynamic limit: Diffusive systems with static
      disorder.

PMID- 9965312
TI  - Cyclic XY model and exotic statistics in one dimension.

PMID- 9965313
TI  - Diffusion in disordered media as a process with memory.

PMID- 9965314
TI  - Phase transitions near the "game of Life"

PMID- 9965315
TI  - Multiple magnetization paths in Barkhausen noise.

PMID- 9965316
TI  - Intensity fluctuations in closed and open systems.

PMID- 9965317
TI  - Suppressing large excursions to a chaotic attractor using occasional feedback
      control.

PMID- 9965318
TI  - Motion of the reaction front in the A+B-->C reaction-diffusion system.

PMID- 9965319
TI  - Periodic orbits and spectral statistics of pseudointegrable billiards.

PMID- 9965320
TI  - Boundary-induced wavelength selection in a one-dimensional pattern-forming
      system.

PMID- 9965321
TI  - Localized spatiotemporal chaos in surface waves.

PMID- 9965322
TI  - Scaling model of annihilation-diffusion kinetics for charged particles with long
      range interactions.

PMID- 9965324
TI  - Nonequilibrium effects on slow dynamics in concentrated colloidal suspensions.

PMID- 9965323
TI  - Specific heat relaxation during macromolecule growth.

PMID- 9965325
TI  - Influence of electron collisions on the resonance cone phenomenon in a cold
      magnetized plasma.

PMID- 9965326
TI  - Electron acceleration by a laser pulse in a plasma.

PMID- 9965327
TI  - Instability of the current sheath implosion in an 18-kJ Mather-type plasma focus.

PMID- 9965328
TI  - Ultrashort pulse propagation at the photonic band edge: Large tunable group delay
      with minimal distortion and loss.

PMID- 9965330
TI  - Dynamic scaling of the width distribution in Edwards-Wilkinson type models of
      interface dynamics.

PMID- 9965329
TI  - Single-particle survival in gated trapping.

PMID- 9965331
TI  - Kinetic grain model for sandpiles.

PMID- 9965332
TI  - Nonequilibrium structure factor for conserved spin dynamics: Abrupt temperature
      increase.

PMID- 9965333
TI  - Numerical computation of finite size scaling functions: An alternative approach
      to finite size scaling.

PMID- 9965334
TI  - Validity of the mean-field approximation for diffusion on a random comb.

PMID- 9965335
TI  - Chaotic dynamics in a three-dimensional superconducting microwave billiard.

PMID- 9965337
TI  - Universal evolution to equipartition in oscillator chains.

PMID- 9965336
TI  - Structure-property correlations in model composite materials.

PMID- 9965338
TI  - Synchronization of integrate and fire oscillators with global coupling.

PMID- 9965339
TI  - Mean-field behavior of cluster dynamics.

PMID- 9965340
TI  - Theory of quantum fluctuations in classically chaotic Hamiltonian systems.

PMID- 9965341
TI  - Resonant subharmonic absorption and second-harmonic generation by a fluctuating
      nonlinear oscillator.

PMID- 9965342
TI  - Some dynamical aspects of the water drop formation in a leaky faucet.

PMID- 9965343
TI  - Inverse problem with a dilated kernel containing different singularities.

PMID- 9965344
TI  - Complete phase locking in modulated relaxation oscillators described by a
      nonsmooth circle map: Positive fractal dimension of the complementary set of
      phase-locked regions.

PMID- 9965345
TI  - Thermal conduction in a quantum system.

PMID- 9965346
TI  - Two-dimensional cellular automaton model of traffic flow with open boundaries.

PMID- 9965348
TI  - Classical and quantum chaos in a quantum dot in time-periodic magnetic fields.

PMID- 9965347
TI  - Discrete basis representation of Ursell operators.

PMID- 9965350
TI  - Statistical properties of random scattering matrices.

PMID- 9965349
TI  - Multifractal analysis of the atomic spectral line series.

PMID- 9965351
TI  - Experimental study of a crossover from nonclassical to classical chemical
      kinetics: An elementary and reversible A+B C reaction-diffusion process in a
      capillary.

PMID- 9965352
TI  - Coulombic phase transitions in symmetrical quantum systems.

PMID- 9965353
TI  - Distribution of zeros of the Husimi function in a realistic Hamiltonian molecular
      system.

PMID- 9965354
TI  - Algebraic relaxation of classical particles in one-dimensional anharmonic
      potentials: Analytical proof.

PMID- 9965355
TI  - Synchronized spatiotemporal chaos and spatiotemporal on-off intermittency in a
      nonlinear ring cavity.

PMID- 9965356
TI  - Statistical approach to nonhyperbolic chaotic systems.

PMID- 9965357
TI  - One temperature step away from the critical point.

PMID- 9965358
TI  - Self-organized branching processes: Avalanche models with dissipation.

PMID- 9965359
TI  - Observation of intermingled basins in coupled oscillators exhibiting synchronized
      chaos.

PMID- 9965360
TI  - Hamiltonian formulation of the Gaussian isokinetic thermostat.

PMID- 9965361
TI  - Irreversible processes and temperature.

PMID- 9965362
TI  - Distribution of domain sizes in the zero temperature Glauber dynamics of the one
      dimensional Potts model.

PMID- 9965363
TI  - Modification of linear response theory for mean-field approximations.

PMID- 9965364
TI  - Barkhausen noise: Elementary signals, power laws, and scaling relations.

PMID- 9965365
TI  - Effective boundary extrapolation length to account for finite-size effects in the
      percolation crossing function.

PMID- 9965366
TI  - Asymptotic states of decaying turbulence in two-dimensional incompressible flows.

PMID- 9965367
TI  - Anomalous scaling in the N-point functions of a passive scalar.

PMID- 9965368
TI  - Induced burst of fluid drops in a two-component lattice Bhatnager-Gross-Krook
      fluid.

PMID- 9965369
TI  - Dependence of the dynamical factor in nucleation rates on heat conduction and
      viscosity.

PMID- 9965370
TI  - Symmetry-breaking bifurcations for the magnetohydrodynamic equations with helical
      forcing.

PMID- 9965372
TI  - Dissipation fluctuations of a passive scalar advected by a random velocity field.

PMID- 9965371
TI  - Structure of strongly dipolar fluids at low densities.

PMID- 9965373
TI  - Turbulence cascades across equilibrium spectra.

PMID- 9965374
TI  - Pattern formation and evolution near autocatalytic reaction fronts in a narrow
      vertical slab.

PMID- 9965375
TI  - Waiting-time solutions of a nonlinear diffusion equation: Experimental study of a
      creeping flow near a waiting front.

PMID- 9965376
TI  - Stimulated Raman scattering produced by self-focusing in liquid crystals.

PMID- 9965377
TI  - Monte Carlo study of liquid-crystal ordering in the independent-pore model of
      aerogels.

PMID- 9965378
TI  - Persistence length of the Debye-Huckel model of weakly charged flexible
      polyelectrolyte chains.

PMID- 9965380
TI  - Discrete solid-on-solid model of interface with bending rigidity: Roughening
      versus crumpling.

PMID- 9965379
TI  - Structure and transport properties of a porous magnetic gel via x-ray
      microtomography.

PMID- 9965381
TI  - Swelling and growth of polymers, membranes, and sponges.

PMID- 9965382
TI  - Stability of densely branched growth in dissipative diffusion-controlled systems.

PMID- 9965383
TI  - Pressure-induced reentrant phase behavior in the poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)
      water system.

PMID- 9965384
TI  - Short-time dynamics of colloidal suspensions.

PMID- 9965385
TI  - Structure formation and the morphology diagram of possible structures in two
      dimensional diffusional growth.

PMID- 9965386
TI  - Effective chi in a lattice theory of mixtures.

PMID- 9965387
TI  - Ellipsometric study of critical adsorption and measurement of universal surface
      integrals.

PMID- 9965388
TI  - Fluid-solid equilibrium of a charged hard-sphere model.

PMID- 9965389
TI  - Simple theory for volume phase transition of hydrated gels.

PMID- 9965390
TI  - Topological simulations of dynamical features in coarsening soap froth.

PMID- 9965392
TI  - Shape fluctuations of droplets in emulsions.

PMID- 9965391
TI  - Structure factor of compressed liquid deuterium close to the melting transition.

PMID- 9965393
TI  - Application of mode-coupling theory to solvation dynamics.

PMID- 9965394
TI  - Phase-field model of spiral dendritic growth.

PMID- 9965395
TI  - Chaos and associative generation of information by networks of neuronal
      oscillators.

PMID- 9965396
TI  - Phase diagrams of self-organizing maps.

PMID- 9965397
TI  - Entropically driven segregation in blends of branched and linear polymers.

PMID- 9965398
TI  - Polygonal shape transformation of a circular biconcave vesicle induced by osmotic
      pressure.

PMID- 9965399
TI  - Equation of state and correlation functions of strongly coupled plasma mixtures:
      Density functional theory and analytic models.

PMID- 9965400
TI  - Type-I-like intermittent chaos in multicomponent plasmas with negative ions.

PMID- 9965401
TI  - Electrical conductivities for hot, dense hydrogen.

PMID- 9965402
TI  - Spectroscopic characterization of prepulsed x-ray laser plasmas.

PMID- 9965403
TI  - Absence of magnetohydrodynamic activity in the voltage-driven sheet pinch.

PMID- 9965404
TI  - Analytical theory of arbitrary-order achromats.

PMID- 9965405
TI  - Image effects of cylindrical pipes on continuous beams.

PMID- 9965406
TI  - Microwave instability beyond threshold.

PMID- 9965407
TI  - Polarization conversion from diffraction gratings made of uniaxial crystals.

PMID- 9965408
TI  - Perturbation analysis of weakly discrete kinks.

PMID- 9965409
TI  - Green dyadics in reciprocal uniaxial bianisotropic media by cylindrical vector
      wave functions.

PMID- 9965410
TI  - Phenomenological modeling of the compaction dynamics of shaken granular systems.

PMID- 9965411
TI  - Wave-function method used to study the Bethe coupler.

PMID- 9965412
TI  - Optical solitons with power-law asymptotics.

PMID- 9965413
TI  - Solitons in a class of systems of two coupled real scalar fields.

PMID- 9965414
TI  - Exact soliton solutions to coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations with higher
      order effects.

PMID- 9965416
TI  - Resonance mode expansions and exact solutions for nonuniform gratings.

PMID- 9965415
TI  - Spectral analysis of the nonlinear relativistic Doppler shift in ultrahigh
      intensity Compton scattering.

PMID- 9965417
TI  - Multiple-time higher-order perturbation analysis of the regularized long
      wavelength equation.

PMID- 9965419
TI  - Inductive instability in conductors with a moving front of electric conductivity
      jump.

PMID- 9965418
TI  - Analytic calculation of the aftereffect solution and correlation time of the
      induced dipole Kerr effect.

PMID- 9965421
TI  - Cutoff frequency of experimentally generated noise: A Melnikov approach.

PMID- 9965420
TI  - Long-term vortex interaction in active media.

PMID- 9965422
TI  - Two-component spreading phenomena: Why the geometry makes the criticality.

PMID- 9965423
TI  - Chemical wave refraction phenomena.

PMID- 9965424
TI  - Strong nonlinear dynamic rupture theory of thin liquid films.

PMID- 9965425
TI  - Self-organization of two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow in a friction
      free box.

PMID- 9965426
TI  - Effects of a changing temperature on the nucleation rate.

PMID- 9965427
TI  - Modulations in the diffracted intensity in chiral smectic-C liquid crystals.

PMID- 9965429
TI  - Glass phase of randomly polymerized membranes.

PMID- 9965428
TI  - Temperature-dependent phase transitions in water-oil-surfactant mixtures:
      Experiment and theory.

PMID- 9965430
TI  - Fractal dynamics in orthokinetic acoustic agglomeration processes.

PMID- 9965431
TI  - Effect of van der Waals surface interactions on wetting transitions in polymer
      blends.

PMID- 9965432
TI  - Different molecular size scaling regimes for inner and outer regions of proteins.

PMID- 9965433
TI  - Head-on collisions of dark solitons near the zero-dispersion point in optical
      fibers.

PMID- 9965435
TI  - Erratum: Phase equilibria in solutions of disklike particles

PMID- 9965434
TI  - Nondiffractive fields.

PMID- 9965436
TI  - Stress-free spatial anisotropy in phase ordering.

PMID- 9965437
TI  - Threshold detection of wideband signals: A noise-induced maximum in the mutual
      information.

PMID- 9965438
TI  - Lack of self-affinity and anomalous roughening in growth processes.

PMID- 9965439
TI  - Phase transitions in nonlinear oscillator chains.

PMID- 9965440
TI  - Anomalous diffusion in the presence of external forces: Exact time-dependent
      solutions and their thermostatistical basis.

PMID- 9965441
TI  - Roundoff-induced coalescence of chaotic trajectories.

PMID- 9965442
TI  - Angular correlations in sonoluminescence: Diagnostic for the sphericity of a
      collapsing bubble.

PMID- 9965443
TI  - Kramers equation as a model for semiflexible polymers.

PMID- 9965445
TI  - Preservation of droplet collision history in phase separation of a binary fluid
      mixture.

PMID- 9965444
TI  - Phase segregation dynamics of a chemically reactive binary mixture.

PMID- 9965446
TI  - Anomalous phase separation dynamics in the presence of surfactants.

PMID- 9965447
TI  - Delay-induced transitions in visually guided movements.

PMID- 9965448
TI  - Information measures quantifying aperiodic stochastic resonance.

PMID- 9965450
TI  - Particle ordered structures in a strongly coupled classical thermal plasma.

PMID- 9965449
TI  - Low-frequency electrostatic waves in a hot magnetized dusty plasma.

PMID- 9965451
TI  - Polarization of impurity emission lines from a tokamak plasma.

PMID- 9965452
TI  - Multisoliton collisions in nearly integrable systems.

PMID- 9965453
TI  - Long-range correlations in permeability fluctuations in porous rock.

PMID- 9965454
TI  - Dynamical effects of partial orderings in physical systems.

PMID- 9965455
TI  - Higher-order finite-element distributions in statistical theory of nuclear
      spectra.

PMID- 9965456
TI  - Effect of chaotic noise on multistable systems.

PMID- 9965458
TI  - Motion of a driven tracer particle in a one-dimensional symmetric lattice gas.

PMID- 9965457
TI  - Defects in self-organized criticality: A directed coupled map lattice model.

PMID- 9965459
TI  - Escape over a fluctuating barrier: Limits of small and large correlation times.

PMID- 9965460
TI  - Braids on the Poincare section: A laser example.

PMID- 9965461
TI  - One-dimensional map lattices: Synchronization, bifurcations, and chaotic
      structures.

PMID- 9965463
TI  - Global scaling behaviors and chaotic measure characterized by the convergent
      rates of period-p-tupling bifurcations.

PMID- 9965462
TI  - Control of chaos in noisy flows.

PMID- 9965464
TI  - Transition from localized to extended eigenstates in the ensemble of power-law
      random banded matrices.

PMID- 9965465
TI  - Strange nonchaotic attractors in autonomous and periodically driven systems.

PMID- 9965466
TI  - Coherent-ordered transition in chaotic globally coupled maps.

PMID- 9965467
TI  - Low-dimensional phase-locked states in the Zakharov equations.

PMID- 9965468
TI  - Integral relaxation time of single-domain ferromagnetic particles.

PMID- 9965469
TI  - Kinetics of phase ordering in the two-dimensional coupled XY-Ising model.

PMID- 9965470
TI  - Regular and irregular features of classical motion described by a quadrupole
      boson Hamiltonian.

PMID- 9965471
TI  - Kinetic equations for a nonideal quantum system.

PMID- 9965473
TI  - Nearest-neighbor-spacing distribution of a system with many degrees of freedom,
      some regular and some chaotic.

PMID- 9965472
TI  - Different types of chaos synchronization in two coupled piecewise linear maps.

PMID- 9965474
TI  - Scale anomaly and quantum chaos in billiards with pointlike scatterers.

PMID- 9965475
TI  - Validity of basic concepts in nonlinear cooperative Fokker-Planck models.

PMID- 9965476
TI  - Complex fiber bundle model for optimization of heterogeneous materials.

PMID- 9965477
TI  - Multiplicity distributions in binary fragmenting with inhibition at the
      transition line.

PMID- 9965478
TI  - Parallel Bak-Sneppen model and directed percolation.

PMID- 9965480
TI  - Stochastic localization.

PMID- 9965479
TI  - Decay rates of resonance states at high level density.

PMID- 9965481
TI  - Coupled chaotic chemical oscillators.

PMID- 9965482
TI  - Self-replication and splitting of domain patterns in reaction-diffusion systems
      with the fast inhibitor.

PMID- 9965483
TI  - Degree of synchronization of noisy maps on the circle.

PMID- 9965485
TI  - Period p-tuplings in coupled maps.

PMID- 9965484
TI  - Critical exponents of a two-dimensional continuum percolation system.

PMID- 9965486
TI  - Action principle in nonequilibrium statistical dynamics.

PMID- 9965487
TI  - Irreversible phase transitions in contact processes with Levy exchanges and long
      range interactions.

PMID- 9965488
TI  - Statistical mechanics of cracks.

PMID- 9965489
TI  - Stabilizing unstable periodic points of one-dimensional nonlinear systems using
      delayed-feedback signals.

PMID- 9965490
TI  - Chaos in the relativistic cyclotron motion of a charged particle.

PMID- 9965492
TI  - Resonant activation in a bistable system.

PMID- 9965491
TI  - Random matrix approach to quantum dissipation.

PMID- 9965494
TI  - Microcanonical fluctuations of a Bose system's ground state occupation number.

PMID- 9965493
TI  - Testing predictability criteria in avalanches.

PMID- 9965495
TI  - Static and dynamic epidemics on looped chains and looped trees.

PMID- 9965496
TI  - Extrinsic effects on the disorder dynamics of Benard-Marangoni patterns.

PMID- 9965497
TI  - Analytical properties of the quadratic density response and quadratic dynamical
      structure functions: Conservation sum rules and frequency moments.

PMID- 9965499
TI  - Noise-induced phase transitions in a pendulum with a randomly vibrating
      suspension axis.

PMID- 9965498
TI  - On-off intermittency in random map lattices driven by fractal noise.

PMID- 9965500
TI  - Neural network model to control an experimental chaotic pendulum.

PMID- 9965501
TI  - Transitional aggregation kinetics in dry and damp environments.

PMID- 9965502
TI  - Nucleation and growth in one dimension.

PMID- 9965503
TI  - Deconvolution of Rutherford backscattering spectra: An inverse problem.

PMID- 9965504
TI  - Noisy Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation for an erosion model.

PMID- 9965506
TI  - Semiclassical level curvatures and quantum transport phenomena.

PMID- 9965505
TI  - Observation of the concurrent creation and annihilation of periodic orbits in a
      nonlinear RLC circuit.

PMID- 9965507
TI  - Critical dimensions for random walks on random-walk chains.

PMID- 9965509
TI  - Diffusion in a multicomponent lattice Boltzmann equation model.

PMID- 9965508
TI  - Benard-Marangoni convection in square containers.

PMID- 9965511
TI  - Green's functions for a system with a thin membrane.

PMID- 9965510
TI  - Well-posed Boussinesq paradigm with purely spatial higher-order derivatives.

PMID- 9965512
TI  - Experimental study of self-sustained oscillations in a confined jet.

PMID- 9965514
TI  - Transition between viscous and inertial-range scaling of turbulence structure
      functions.

PMID- 9965513
TI  - Time correlation functions of classical fluids: A self-consistent approach.

PMID- 9965516
TI  - Magnetic fluid under vorticity: Free precession decay of magnetization and
      optical anisotropy.

PMID- 9965515
TI  - Homogeneous cooling state of a low-density granular flow.

PMID- 9965517
TI  - Rayleigh-Taylor instability in finite-thickness fluids with viscosity and surface
      tension.

PMID- 9965518
TI  - Vortex-sink dynamics.

PMID- 9965519
TI  - Statistical mechanics of deformable molecular liquids: Thermal expansion and
      isomerization of diatomic molecules.

PMID- 9965521
TI  - Continuous limit of the Nagel-Schreckenberg model.

PMID- 9965520
TI  - Orientational relaxation in a random dipolar lattice: Wave-number and frequency
      dependence.

PMID- 9965522
TI  - Propagation of curved stationary flames in tubes.

PMID- 9965523
TI  - Irreversible adsorption of particles after diffusing in a gravitational field.

PMID- 9965524
TI  - Turbulent Rayleigh-Taylor instability experiments with variable acceleration.

PMID- 9965525
TI  - Modulated electrochemical waves.

PMID- 9965526
TI  - Surface-tension-gradient-induced flow in freely suspended liquid crystalline
      films.

PMID- 9965527
TI  - Periodic distortions in lyotropic nematic calamitic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9965528
TI  - Structure of the cholesteric focal conic domains at the free surface.

PMID- 9965529
TI  - Landau-de Gennes theory of the chevron structure in a smectic liquid crystal.

PMID- 9965531
TI  - Dynamical behavior of microemulsion and sponge phases in thermal equilibrium.

PMID- 9965530
TI  - Wetting description of block copolymer thin films.

PMID- 9965532
TI  - Spreading of a thin wetting film: Microscopic approach.

PMID- 9965533
TI  - Dynamic response of a magnetic suspension in a viscoelastic fluid.

PMID- 9965534
TI  - Merging of the alpha and beta relaxations in polybutadiene: A neutron spin echo
      and dielectric study.

PMID- 9965535
TI  - Scaling properties of a percolation model with long-range correlations.

PMID- 9965536
TI  - Two-dimensional dynamics of a free molecular chain with a secondary structure.

PMID- 9965537
TI  - Phase ordering kinetics in the Swift-Hohenberg equation.

PMID- 9965539
TI  - Thermal fluctuations in supercrystal stripe phases of Langmuir monolayers.

PMID- 9965538
TI  - Adsorption of polymers at interfaces and extended defects.

PMID- 9965540
TI  - Density functional theory for the phase diagram of rigid C60 molecules.

PMID- 9965541
TI  - Stochastic equations for simple discrete models of epitaxial growth.

PMID- 9965542
TI  - Universality of gelation: End-linking versus cross-linking and stiff rods versus
      flexible chains.

PMID- 9965543
TI  - Effect of the attractive potential of a drop in vapor phase nucleation.

PMID- 9965544
TI  - Dynamics of semiflexible and rigid particles. I. The velocity distribution and
      the Smoluchowski equation.

PMID- 9965545
TI  - Dynamics of semiflexible and rigid particles. II. Derivation of the stress tensor
      and transport equations.

PMID- 9965546
TI  - Bending of ionic surfactant monolayers.

PMID- 9965547
TI  - Penetrant diffusion in frozen polymer matrices: A finite-size scaling study of
      free volume percolation.

PMID- 9965548
TI  - High-pressure and temperature dependence of dielectric relaxation in supercooled
      di-isobutyl phthalate.

PMID- 9965549
TI  - Simple model for deep bed filtration.

PMID- 9965551
TI  - Lineal measures of clustering in overlapping particle systems.

PMID- 9965550
TI  - Surface roughness of sputtered ZrO2 films studied by atomic force microscopy and
      spectroscopic light scattering.

PMID- 9965552
TI  - Random walks on random partitions in one dimension.

PMID- 9965553
TI  - Population genetics approach to the quasispecies model.

PMID- 9965554
TI  - Neuronal populations with reciprocal inhibition and rebound currents: Effects of
      synaptic and threshold noise.

PMID- 9965555
TI  - Inference and chaos by a network of nonmonotonic neurons.

PMID- 9965556
TI  - Kinetics of a Gaussian random copolymer as a prototype for protein folding.

PMID- 9965558
TI  - Second-harmonic generation of Raman scattered light in a plasma channel.

PMID- 9965557
TI  - Electric field dynamics at a charged point.

PMID- 9965559
TI  - Energy loss of correlated ions in plasmas: Collective and individual
      contributions.

PMID- 9965560
TI  - Parametric decay of Alfven waves in multicomponent plasmas.

PMID- 9965561
TI  - Ecologically safe regimes of generation and maintenance of artificial ionized
      regions in the stratosphere by microwave radiation.

PMID- 9965562
TI  - Stopping power in nonideal and strongly coupled plasmas.

PMID- 9965564
TI  - Alignment and instability of dust crystals in plasmas.

PMID- 9965563
TI  - Stark broadening of satellite lines in silicon plasmas driven by femtosecond
      laser pulses.

PMID- 9965565
TI  - Absorption and hot electron production by high intensity femtosecond uv-laser
      pulses in solid targets.

PMID- 9965567
TI  - Longitudinal current losses in rf linear accelerators.

PMID- 9965566
TI  - Single-mode selection and axial mode control in a free-electron maser oscillator
      using a prebunched electron beam.

PMID- 9965568
TI  - Role of parametric resonances in global chaos.

PMID- 9965569
TI  - Chaotic dynamics induced by space-charge waves in cyclotron resonance
      accelerators.

PMID- 9965570
TI  - Self-guiding and stability of intense optical beams in gases undergoing
      ionization.

PMID- 9965571
TI  - Heavy-ion partial beam lifetimes due to Coulomb induced processes.

PMID- 9965572
TI  - Tracking algorithm for the stable spin polarization field in storage rings using
      stroboscopic averaging.

PMID- 9965573
TI  - Light diffusion with gain and random lasers.

PMID- 9965574
TI  - Second-harmonic generation in diatomic lattices.

PMID- 9965575
TI  - Parametric amplification of short pulses in optical fiber Bragg gratings.

PMID- 9965576
TI  - Computing the optical near-field distributions around complex subwavelength
      surface structures: A comparative study of different methods.

PMID- 9965577
TI  - Patterns and scaling in surface fragmentation processes.

PMID- 9965578
TI  - Existence of solitary solutions in nonlinear chains.

PMID- 9965579
TI  - Traveling-wave solutions of the cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrodinger equation.

PMID- 9965580
TI  - Origin of the persistent oscillations of solitary waves in nonlinear quadratic
      media.

PMID- 9965581
TI  - Kink internal modes in discrete nonlinear chains.

PMID- 9965582
TI  - Two-dimensional granular flow in a small-angle funnel.

PMID- 9965583
TI  - Nonspiral excitation waves beyond the eikonal approximation.

PMID- 9965585
TI  - Electromagnetic scattering in two-dimensional dissipative systems without
      localization.

PMID- 9965584
TI  - Angular-spectrum representation of nondiffracting

PMID- 9965586
TI  - Energy balance equation for electromagnetic waves in bianisotropic media.

PMID- 9965587
TI  - B or H as the basic field in electromagnetism.

PMID- 9965589
TI  - Biaxial nonlinear surface waves.

PMID- 9965588
TI  - Stability and interactions of solitons in two-component active systems.

PMID- 9965590
TI  - Lattice Boltzmann algorithm for three-dimensional simulations of plasma
      turbulence.

PMID- 9965591
TI  - Adaptation and linear-response theory.

PMID- 9965592
TI  - Collective degrees of freedom and multiscale dynamics in spin glasses.

PMID- 9965594
TI  - Particle correlations in the generalized Thomas-Fermi approach.

PMID- 9965593
TI  - Integral equation theory of polydisperse colloidal suspensions using orthogonal
      polynomial expansions.

PMID- 9965595
TI  - Symmetries of the Fokker-Planck equation and the Fisher-Frieden arrow of time.

PMID- 9965596
TI  - Survival probability in the presence of a dynamic trap.

PMID- 9965597
TI  - Two-dimensional acoustic turbulence.

PMID- 9965598
TI  - Anomalous scaling of a triple correlation function of a randomly advected passive
      scalar.

PMID- 9965599
TI  - Dielectrophoresis of a deformable fluid particle in a nonuniform electric field.

PMID- 9965600
TI  - Quadrupolar interaction in nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9965601
TI  - L beta '-->Lc' phase transition in phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayers: A disorder
      order transition in two dimensions.

PMID- 9965602
TI  - Non-Landau critical behavior of heat capacity at the smectic-A-smectic-C alpha *
      transition of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal methylheptyloxycarbonylphenyl
      octyloxycarbonylbiphenyl carboxylate.

PMID- 9965604
TI  - Origin of normal stress differences in rapid granular flows.

PMID- 9965603
TI  - Local reactivity limited aggregation.

PMID- 9965606
TI  - Low-frequency hydromagnetic modes of a uniformly magnetized liquid star.

PMID- 9965605
TI  - Stochastic gating in diffusion-influenced ligand binding to proteins: Gated
      protein versus gated ligands.

PMID- 9965607
TI  - Theory of magnetic field generation.

PMID- 9965608
TI  - Measurements of laser-speckle-induced perturbations in laser-driven foils.

PMID- 9965609
TI  - Synchronization of a chaotic laser pulsation with its prerecorded history.

PMID- 9965610
TI  - Comment on "Modeling of metal electrodeposits: Analytical solutions"

PMID- 9965611
TI  - Erratum: Transition operators in electromagnetic-wave diffraction theory. II.
      Applications to optics

PMID- 9965612
TI  - Erratum: Spatial Doppler anomaly in an excitable medium

PMID- 9965613
TI  - Fractal dimension of backbone of Eden trees.

PMID- 9965614
TI  - Relaxation in interacting arrays of oscillators.

PMID- 9965616
TI  - Stochastic resonance in a spatially extended system.

PMID- 9965615
TI  - Crossover from directed percolation to compact directed percolation.

PMID- 9965617
TI  - Scaling for random walks on Eden trees.

PMID- 9965619
TI  - Dynamics of the dissipative two-state system under ac modulation of bias and
      coupling energy.

PMID- 9965618
TI  - Tool to recover scalar time-delay systems from experimental time series.

PMID- 9965620
TI  - Critical dynamics of the contact process with quenched disorder.

PMID- 9965621
TI  - Synchronization waves in arrays of driven chaotic systems.

PMID- 9965622
TI  - Statistical uncertainty in the analysis of structure functions in turbulence.

PMID- 9965623
TI  - Experimental observation of dynamic mode switching in interfacial-tension-driven
      convection near a codimension-two point.

PMID- 9965624
TI  - Dynamical properties of multiarmed global spirals in Rayleigh-Benard convection.

PMID- 9965625
TI  - Scattering rates versus moments: Alternative Grad equations.

PMID- 9965626
TI  - Optical properties of antiferroelectric liquid crystals in free-standing films.

PMID- 9965627
TI  - Dynamics of the formation of an aureole in the bursting of soap films.

PMID- 9965629
TI  - Soliton stability in optical transmission lines using semiconductor amplifiers
      and fast saturable absorbers.

PMID- 9965628
TI  - Experimental observation of high-brightness microbunching in a photocathode rf
      electron gun.

PMID- 9965630
TI  - Coarsening dynamics of a one-dimensional driven Cahn-Hilliard system.

PMID- 9965631
TI  - Experimental observation of perturbation-induced intermittency in the dynamics of
      a loss-modulated CO2 laser.

PMID- 9965632
TI  - Enhancing chaos in chaotic maps and flows.

PMID- 9965633
TI  - Calogero-Sutherland model with twisted boundary condition.

PMID- 9965634
TI  - Percolation in random-Sierpin-acuteski carpets: A real space renormalization
      group approach.

PMID- 9965635
TI  - Multifractal features of random walks and localized vibrational excitations on
      random fractals: Dependence on the averaging procedure.

PMID- 9965636
TI  - Spreading of damage in the ballistic deposition and larger curvature models.

PMID- 9965637
TI  - Another possible description of fluctuations.

PMID- 9965638
TI  - Nonlinear dynamics of the magnetization in an anisotropic ferromagnet with a
      magnetic field.

PMID- 9965639
TI  - Medium-range interactions and crossover to classical critical behavior.

PMID- 9965640
TI  - Beyond the mean field approximation for spin glasses.

PMID- 9965641
TI  - Topological singularities of domains in globally constrained bistable reaction
      diffusion systems.

PMID- 9965642
TI  - Second moment for cooperative diffusion in one-dimensional hard-particle lattice
      gases.

PMID- 9965643
TI  - Energy diffusion due to nonlinear perturbation on linear Hamiltonians.

PMID- 9965645
TI  - Transforming signals with chaotic synchronization.

PMID- 9965644
TI  - Complexity in Hamiltonian-driven dissipative chaotic dynamical systems.

PMID- 9965646
TI  - Multifractality in the stochastic Burgers equation.

PMID- 9965647
TI  - Hamiltonian systems with many degrees of freedom: Asymmetric motion and intensity
      of motion in phase space.

PMID- 9965648
TI  - Lyapunov exponents for classical-quantum mixed-mode dynamics.

PMID- 9965649
TI  - Noise-activated diffusion in the egg-carton potential.

PMID- 9965650
TI  - Dynamical critical exponent of a nonequilibrium Ising model.

PMID- 9965651
TI  - Quantum particle transfer in a system with a discontinuous modulation of the
      intersite coupling.

PMID- 9965652
TI  - Heat transport in a boson system: An information-theoretical approach.

PMID- 9965653
TI  - Field dependence of Lyapunov exponents for nonequilibrium systems.

PMID- 9965654
TI  - Far from equilibrium nonconserved growth under a surface diffusion bias.

PMID- 9965655
TI  - Dynamical approach to Levy processes.

PMID- 9965656
TI  - Comparison of methods for the calculation of superparamagnetic relaxation times.

PMID- 9965657
TI  - Kinetics of an order-disorder phase transition with topological defects.

PMID- 9965658
TI  - Crisis in the periodic Lorentz gas.

PMID- 9965659
TI  - Periodic forcing of spiral waves in excitable media.

PMID- 9965660
TI  - Observer based synchronization of chaotic systems.

PMID- 9965662
TI  - Fractal dimensions of chaotic saddles of dynamical systems.

PMID- 9965661
TI  - Characterization of Landau-Zener transitions in systems with complex spectra.

PMID- 9965663
TI  - Experimental control of high-dimensional chaos: The driven double pendulum.

PMID- 9965664
TI  - Collision properties of one-dimensional granular particles with internal degrees
      of freedom.

PMID- 9965665
TI  - Simple nonequilibrium extension of the Ising model.

PMID- 9965666
TI  - Exponents appearing in heterogeneous reaction-diffusion models in one dimension.

PMID- 9965667
TI  - Scenarios of domain pattern formation in a reaction-diffusion system.

PMID- 9965669
TI  - Fluctuation effects on chemical wave fronts.

PMID- 9965668
TI  - Automated adaptive recursive control of unstable orbits in high-dimensional
      chaotic systems.

PMID- 9965670
TI  - Instantons and intermittency.

PMID- 9965672
TI  - Turbulent spots in plane Couette flow.

PMID- 9965671
TI  - Instantons in the Burgers equation.

PMID- 9965673
TI  - Thermodynamics of ideal gases in quasistatic electromagnetic fields.

PMID- 9965674
TI  - Symmetry breaking and period doubling on a torus in the VLF regime in Taylor
      Couette flow.

PMID- 9965675
TI  - Stability of pole solutions for planar propagating flames.

PMID- 9965676
TI  - Short-wavelength instability in systems with slow long-wavelength dynamics.

PMID- 9965677
TI  - Anomalous scaling in random shell models for passive scalars.

PMID- 9965679
TI  - Instability of converging shock waves and sonoluminescence.

PMID- 9965678
TI  - Towards a theory of self-organization phenomena in bubble-liquid mixtures.

PMID- 9965680
TI  - Triply periodic surfaces and multiply continuous structures from the Landau model
      of microemulsions.

PMID- 9965681
TI  - Diffusion in spatially and temporarily inhomogeneous media.

PMID- 9965682
TI  - Rotating spirals in a Faraday experiment.

PMID- 9965683
TI  - Lattice Boltzmann simulations of liquid-gas and binary fluid systems.

PMID- 9965684
TI  - Temporal modulation of traveling waves in the flow between rotating cylinders
      with broken azimuthal symmetry.

PMID- 9965685
TI  - Fluid-induced particle-size segregation in sheared granular assemblies.

PMID- 9965687
TI  - Topological correlations in Benard-Marangoni convective structures.

PMID- 9965686
TI  - Second-order continuum traffic flow model.

PMID- 9965688
TI  - Condensate turbulence in two dimensions.

PMID- 9965689
TI  - Limitations of random multipliers in describing turbulent energy dissipation.

PMID- 9965691
TI  - Velocity fluctuations in forced Burgers turbulence.

PMID- 9965690
TI  - Unidirectionally coupled map lattice as a model for open flow systems.

PMID- 9965692
TI  - Dynamics of vortex lines in turbulent flows.

PMID- 9965693
TI  - Computer simulations of domain growth and phase separation in two-dimensional
      binary immiscible fluids using dissipative particle dynamics.

PMID- 9965694
TI  - Numerical heat conductivity in smooth particle applied mechanics.

PMID- 9965696
TI  - Eckhaus-Benjamin-Feir instability in systems with temporal modulation.

PMID- 9965695
TI  - Vortex flow pattern selection and temporal-spatial structures of transverse and
      mixed vortex rolls in mixed convection of air in a horizontal flat duct.

PMID- 9965697
TI  - Broadband dielectric measurements on the (R)-1-methylheptyl-6-(4'
      decyloxybenzoyloxy)-2-naphthalene carboxylate antiferroelectric liquid crystal.

PMID- 9965698
TI  - Molecular dynamics of model liquid crystals composed of semiflexible molecules.

PMID- 9965699
TI  - Chiral nematic liquid crystals in cylindrical cavities.

PMID- 9965700
TI  - Director structure around a colloid particle suspended in a nematic liquid
      crystal.

PMID- 9965702
TI  - Structure of the hexagonal phase of the sodium dodecyl sulfate and water system.

PMID- 9965701
TI  - Friction drag on a particle moving in a nematic liquid crystal.

PMID- 9965703
TI  - Anomalous anchoring effect of nanopolyimide Langmuir-Blodgett films in a twisted
      nematic liquid-crystal cell.

PMID- 9965704
TI  - Theory of translational diffusion in the nematic phase.

PMID- 9965705
TI  - Electrohydrodynamic convection under a nematic-isotropic interface.

PMID- 9965707
TI  - Annihilation of point defects in nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9965706
TI  - Thickness-dependent phase transition in thin nematic films.

PMID- 9965708
TI  - Angular dependence of light transmittance in polymer dispersed liquid crystals.

PMID- 9965709
TI  - Critical and multicritical fluctuations of nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9965711
TI  - Isotropic-nematic transition of surface embedded polymers and the associated
      tubulization transition of the embedding surface.

PMID- 9965710
TI  - Conformations of randomly linked polymers.

PMID- 9965712
TI  - NMR flow velocity mapping in random percolation model objects: Evidence for a
      power-law dependence of the volume-averaged velocity on the probe-volume radius.

PMID- 9965713
TI  - Dynamics of crystallization in hard-sphere suspensions.

PMID- 9965714
TI  - Kinetic crossover of rough surface growth in a colloidal system.

PMID- 9965715
TI  - Double-exponential relaxation near the critical point of an ionic micellar
      system.

PMID- 9965716
TI  - Shape of the tip and the formation of sidebranches of xenon dendrites.

PMID- 9965717
TI  - Anomalous effects in the temperature dependence of depolarized Rayleigh spectra
      of benzene and quinoline.

PMID- 9965718
TI  - Clustering properties of d-dimensional overlapping spheres.

PMID- 9965720
TI  - Amplitude of the anomaly in the mass density near a liquid-liquid critical point.

PMID- 9965719
TI  - Dynamics of heteropolymers in dilute solution: Effective equation of motion and
      relaxation spectrum.

PMID- 9965721
TI  - Tagged-particle motion in viscous glycerol: Diffusion-relaxation crossover.

PMID- 9965722
TI  - Elastic properties of randomly cross-linked polymers.

PMID- 9965723
TI  - Dielectric investigations of the dynamic glass transition in nanopores.

PMID- 9965725
TI  - Simulation of the formation of nonequilibrium structures in magnetorheological
      fluids subject to an external magnetic field.

PMID- 9965724
TI  - Structure and thermodynamics of binary liquid mixtures: Universality of the
      bridge functional.

PMID- 9965726
TI  - Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions on a fluctuating surface of genus zero.

PMID- 9965727
TI  - Mechanism of the cooperative relaxation in microemulsions near the percolation
      threshold.

PMID- 9965728
TI  - Effects of interparticle electric interactions on dielectrophoresis in colloidal
      suspensions.

PMID- 9965730
TI  - Predicting disorder-order phase transitions in polymeric micelles.

PMID- 9965729
TI  - Deformation of small compressed droplets.

PMID- 9965731
TI  - Concentration dependence of structural and dynamical quantities in colloidal
      aggregation: Computer simulations.

PMID- 9965732
TI  - Stability of cylindrical vesicles under axial tension.

PMID- 9965733
TI  - Structure of complex-periodic and chaotic media with spiral waves.

PMID- 9965735
TI  - Computer simulation of the rheology of grafted chains under shear. II. Depletion
      of chains at the wall.

PMID- 9965734
TI  - Statistical properties and shell analysis in random cellular structures.

PMID- 9965737
TI  - Inelastic collapse of rotating spheres.

PMID- 9965736
TI  - Fluctuation dynamics of a single magnetic chain.

PMID- 9965738
TI  - Frequency analysis with Hopfield encoding neurons.

PMID- 9965740
TI  - Microtubule dynamics: Caps, catastrophes, and coupled hydrolysis.

PMID- 9965739
TI  - Partial synchronization in populations of pulse-coupled oscillators.

PMID- 9965741
TI  - Self-similar sequences and universal scaling of dynamical entropies.

PMID- 9965742
TI  - Clustering of independently diffusing individuals by birth and death processes.

PMID- 9965743
TI  - Paramagnetic unlearning in neural network models.

PMID- 9965744
TI  - Aperiodic stochastic resonance.

PMID- 9965745
TI  - Statistical properties of stochastic nonlinear dynamical models of single spiking
      neurons and neural networks.

PMID- 9965746
TI  - Imaginary-emission method for modeling disturbances of all magnetoplasma species:
      Reflecting and absorbing objects in motion through a rarefied plasma at different
      angles to the ambient magnetic field.

PMID- 9965747
TI  - Linear theory of plasma C-caronerenkov masers.

PMID- 9965748
TI  - Analysis of the passage of a laser pulse through a hole.

PMID- 9965750
TI  - Suppression of the edge interchange instability in a straight tokamak.

PMID- 9965749
TI  - Absorption experiments on x-ray-heated mid-Z constrained samples.

PMID- 9965751
TI  - Three-dimensional structure in a crystallized dusty plasma.

PMID- 9965752
TI  - Resonant charge exchange and the transport of ions at high electric-field to gas
      density ratios (E/N) in argon, neon, and helium.

PMID- 9965753
TI  - Energy measurement of relativistic electron beams by laser Compton scattering.

PMID- 9965754
TI  - Symplectic scaling of transfer maps including fringe fields.

PMID- 9965755
TI  - Adiabatic matching of a nonuniform intense charged-particle beam into the
      focusing channel.

PMID- 9965756
TI  - Dynamics of a relativistic charged particle in a constant homogeneous magnetic
      field and a transverse homogeneous rotating electric field.

PMID- 9965757
TI  - Anomalous pulse delay in microwave propagation: A case of superluminal behavior.

PMID- 9965758
TI  - Path-integral analysis of scalar wave propagation in multiple-scattering random
      media.

PMID- 9965759
TI  - Existence and stability chart for the ac-driven, damped nonlinear Schrodinger
      solitons.

PMID- 9965760
TI  - Experimental study of granular convection.

PMID- 9965761
TI  - Nonlinear spectral characterization of discrete data.

PMID- 9965762
TI  - Perturbation theory for coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations.

PMID- 9965763
TI  - Electrodynamics in complex systems: Application to near-field probing of optical
      microresonators.

PMID- 9965765
TI  - Stability of normal mode oscillations of one-dimensional anharmonic lattices.

PMID- 9965764
TI  - Self-bending photorefractive solitons.

PMID- 9965766
TI  - Morphological instabilities of dynamic fractures in brittle solids.

PMID- 9965767
TI  - Propagation of an electromagnetic pulse through a waveguide with a barrier: A
      time domain solution within classical electrodynamics.

PMID- 9965768
TI  - Solitonlike solutions of the generalized discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation.

PMID- 9965770
TI  - Constraint operator solution to quantum billiard problems.

PMID- 9965769
TI  - Interactions between polarized soliton pulses in optical fibers: Exact solutions.

PMID- 9965771
TI  - Microcanonical evidence of a first-order phase transition in the four-dimensional
      U(1) lattice gauge theory.

PMID- 9965772
TI  - Driven-dissipative Euler's equations for a rigid body: A chaotic system relevant
      to fluid dynamics.

PMID- 9965773
TI  - Path integral Monte Carlo study of the internal quantum state dynamics of a
      generic model fluid.

PMID- 9965774
TI  - Metastable periodic Freedericksz transition in nematic liquid crystals.

PMID- 9965775
TI  - Nucleation and growth of anisotropic grain in block copolymers near order
      disorder transition.

PMID- 9965777
TI  - Effects of hydrostatic pressure on the monoolein-water system: An estimate of the
      energy function of the inverted Ia3d cubic phase.

PMID- 9965776
TI  - Functional Langevin models for the mesoscopic dynamics of surfactant aggregation
      in solution.

PMID- 9965778
TI  - Ion acoustic solitons in a weakly relativistic magnetized warm plasma.

PMID- 9965780
TI  - Electrical conductivity of tungsten near its critical point.

PMID- 9965779
TI  - High temperature of laser-compressed shells measured with Kr34+ and Kr35+ x-ray
      lines.

PMID- 9965782
TI  - 4/3 problem in classical electrodynamics.

PMID- 9965781
TI  - Dielectric response of particle beams to periodic focusing.

PMID- 9965783
TI  - Monte Carlo simulations in generalized ensemble: Multicanonical algorithm versus
      simulated tempering.

PMID- 9965784
TI  - Comment on "Phenomenological approach to the problem of the K13 surfacelike
      elastic term in the free energy of a nematic liquid crystal"

PMID- 9965785
TI  - Comment on "Generalized Kelvin equation and the water content of a cloud"

PMID- 9965786
TI  - Comment on "Fitting of viscosity: Distinguishing the temperature dependences
      predicted by various models of supercooled liquids"

PMID- 9965787
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Fitting of viscosity: Distinguishing the temperature
      dependences predicted by various models of supercooled liquids' "

PMID- 9965788
TI  - Gaussian unitary ensemble eigenvalues and Riemann zeta function zeros: A
      nonlinear equation for a new statistic.

PMID- 9965789
TI  - Topological entropy of autonomous flows.

PMID- 9965790
TI  - Effective transfer rates for a dissipative two-level system driven by regular and
      stochastic fields.

PMID- 9965791
TI  - Self-organized criticality in a two-dimensional rotating drum model.

PMID- 9965792
TI  - Weak and strong synchronization of chaos.

PMID- 9965793
TI  - Self-organized criticality in a rice-pile model.

PMID- 9965794
TI  - Products of random matrices and investment strategies.

PMID- 9965796
TI  - Generation and structure of Rossby vortices in rotating fluids.

PMID- 9965795
TI  - Fusion rules and conditional statistics in turbulent advection.

PMID- 9965797
TI  - Heat transport in a liquid layer locally heated on its free surface.

PMID- 9965798
TI  - Nonlinear saturation of the turbulent alpha effect.

PMID- 9965799
TI  - Models of non-Newtonian Hele-Shaw flow.

PMID- 9965801
TI  - Quasi-long-range order in columnar liquid crystals.

PMID- 9965800
TI  - Azimuthal anchoring transition on nematic liquid crystals on self-assembled
      monolayers formed from odd and even alkanethiols.

PMID- 9965802
TI  - Triadic Hopf-static structures in two-dimensional optical pattern formation.

PMID- 9965804
TI  - Longitudinal radiation excitation in an electron storage ring.

PMID- 9965803
TI  - Controlled instability and multiscaling in models of epitaxial growth.

PMID- 9965806
TI  - Quasistatic calculation of linear response for crack propagation.

PMID- 9965805
TI  - Swirling granular matter: From rotation to reptation.

PMID- 9965807
TI  - Exponential distributions in a mechanical model for earthquakes.

PMID- 9965808
TI  - Dynamics of a system consisting of a van der Pol oscillator coupled to a Duffing
      oscillator.

PMID- 9965809
TI  - Growth equations for the Wolf-Villain and Das Sarma-Tamborenea models of
      molecular-beam epitaxy.

PMID- 9965811
TI  - Antiresonance and localization in quantum dynamics.

PMID- 9965810
TI  - Effects of bias on the kinetics of A+B-->C with initially separated reactants.

PMID- 9965812
TI  - Kinetics of a Verhulst-type system with nonlinearly coupled noise.

PMID- 9965813
TI  - Riemannian theory of Hamiltonian chaos and Lyapunov exponents.

PMID- 9965815
TI  - Theory of continuum percolation. I. General formalism.

PMID- 9965814
TI  - Properties of the class of power-logistic maps.

PMID- 9965816
TI  - Theory of continuum percolation. II. Mean field theory.

PMID- 9965818
TI  - Critical behavior in a quasifractal Ising model.

PMID- 9965817
TI  - Sheet structure in global bifurcations of a driven R-L-diode circuit.

PMID- 9965819
TI  - Computer investigation of long-range correlations and local order in random
      packings of spheres.

PMID- 9965820
TI  - Noise-induced transitions in coupled oscillator systems with a pinning force.

PMID- 9965821
TI  - Model of correlated evolution.

PMID- 9965822
TI  - Distribution function properties and the fundamental diagram in kinetic traffic
      flow theory.

PMID- 9965823
TI  - Meandering instability of a spiral interface in the free boundary limit.

PMID- 9965825
TI  - Spontaneous formation of concentric waves in a two-component reaction-diffusion
      system.

PMID- 9965824
TI  - Scaling behavior of transition to chaos in quasiperiodically driven dynamical
      systems.

PMID- 9965826
TI  - Fluctuations and the many-body Lyapunov exponent.

PMID- 9965827
TI  - Hidden order in the frequency noise of an electronic oscillator.

PMID- 9965828
TI  - Stability of the one-dimensional kink solution to a general Cahn-Hilliard
      equation.

PMID- 9965830
TI  - Fractalization of a torus as a strange nonchaotic attractor.

PMID- 9965829
TI  - Temporal correlations in a one-dimensional sandpile model.

PMID- 9965831
TI  - Nucleation model for multiparticle reactions with finite reaction rates in one
      dimension.

PMID- 9965832
TI  - Effect of reactant spatial distribution in the A+B-->0 reaction kinetics in one
      dimension with Coulomb interaction.

PMID- 9965834
TI  - Dynamic scaling of ion-sputtered rotating surfaces.

PMID- 9965833
TI  - Reaction-diffusion master equation: A comparison with microscopic simulations.

PMID- 9965835
TI  - Geometrical resonance in a driven symmetric bistable system subjected to strong
      or to weak damping.

PMID- 9965836
TI  - Activated rate processes in a double well coupled to a slow harmonic mode: Finite
      barrier effects.

PMID- 9965837
TI  - Complex-temperature singularities in Potts models on the square lattice.

PMID- 9965838
TI  - Spatial organization in cyclic Lotka-Volterra systems.

PMID- 9965839
TI  - Autoregressive self-tuning feedback control of the Henon map.

PMID- 9965840
TI  - Topological dependence of universal correlations in multiparameter Hamiltonians.

PMID- 9965841
TI  - Chaotic scattering through potentials with rainbow singularities.

PMID- 9965842
TI  - Avalanches, scaling, and coherent noise.

PMID- 9965844
TI  - Application of a new renormalization group to the equation of state of a hard
      sphere fluid.

PMID- 9965843
TI  - Diffusion- and drift-controlled reactions in two and three dimensions.

PMID- 9965845
TI  - Synchronization-based parameter estimation from time series.

PMID- 9965846
TI  - Experiments in a rotating Hele-Shaw cell.

PMID- 9965847
TI  - Towards a nonperturbative theory of hydrodynamic turbulence: Fusion rules, exact
      bridge relations, and anomalous viscous scaling functions.

PMID- 9965848
TI  - Microscale theory of surface tension.

PMID- 9965849
TI  - Refraction and reflection of a nonrelativistic wave when the interface and the
      media are moving.

PMID- 9965850
TI  - Theory of acoustic radiation pressure for actual fluids.

PMID- 9965851
TI  - Dynamics of neopentane in dense argon gases.

PMID- 9965852
TI  - Stochastic Benjamin-Ono equation and its application to the dynamics of nonlinear
      random waves.

PMID- 9965854
TI  - Supercooled water and the kinetic glass transition.

PMID- 9965853
TI  - Improved lattice Boltzmann model for incompressible two-dimensional steady flows.

PMID- 9965855
TI  - Noise-sustained structures in coupled complex Ginzburg-Landau equations for a
      convectively unstable system.

PMID- 9965856
TI  - Mean field equilibria of single coherent vortices.

PMID- 9965857
TI  - Conditional statistics in scalar turbulence: Theory versus experiment.

PMID- 9965859
TI  - Structure of the Ne-Xe mixture near the 26-MPa demixing curve at T=275 K.

PMID- 9965858
TI  - Morphological instability of the solid-liquid interface and the supersaturation
      gradient in crystal growth from a high-temperature solution.

PMID- 9965860
TI  - Molecular origin of ferroelectricity in induced smectic-C* liquid crystalline
      phases.

PMID- 9965862
TI  - Subharmonics arising from the application of an electric field across a smectic-C
      liquid crystal.

PMID- 9965861
TI  - Brillouin study of acoustic modes in isotropic, smectic-A, and smectic-C* phases
      in a ferroelectric liquid crystal.

PMID- 9965863
TI  - Onset of electroconvection in nematic liquid crystals with parallel magnetic
      field.

PMID- 9965864
TI  - Demixing versus ordering in hard-rod mixtures.

PMID- 9965865
TI  - Disclination asymmetry in two-dimensional nematic liquid crystals with unequal
      Frank constants.

PMID- 9965866
TI  - Critical behavior of dielectric permittivity in the isotropic phase of
      nematogens.

PMID- 9965867
TI  - Simple and coupled processes of reorientational relaxation in the isotropic phase
      of p-n-hexyl p'-cyanobiphenyl.

PMID- 9965868
TI  - Nonlinear dielectric relaxation and dynamic Kerr effect in a strong dc electric
      field suddenly switched on: Exact solutions for the three-dimensional rotational
      diffusion model.

PMID- 9965869
TI  - Nonisothermal eutectic crystallization.

PMID- 9965871
TI  - Patterns in the variable Hele-Shaw cell for different viscosity ratios:
      Similarity to river network geometry.

PMID- 9965870
TI  - Origin of stick-slip motion in a driven two-wave potential.

PMID- 9965872
TI  - Depletion interactions in colloid-polymer mixtures.

PMID- 9965873
TI  - Fractal scaling behavior of water flow patterns on inhomogeneous surfaces.

PMID- 9965874
TI  - Neutral polyampholyte in an ionic solution.

PMID- 9965875
TI  - Measurement of the Gaussian curvature of the surfactant film in an isometric
      bicontinuous one-phase microemulsion.

PMID- 9965876
TI  - Phase separation in two-dimensional binary fluids of different-sized molecules: A
      molecular-dynamics study.

PMID- 9965877
TI  - Biaxiality ordering of molecular orientation in a monolayer at the liquid-air
      interface.

PMID- 9965878
TI  - Dynamic light scattering studies on the sol-gel transition of a suspension of
      anisotropic colloidal particles.

PMID- 9965879
TI  - Deformation of fluid interfaces under double-layer forces stabilizes bubble
      dispersions.

PMID- 9965880
TI  - Monte Carlo calculations of phase diagrams for a fluid confined in a disordered
      porous material.

PMID- 9965882
TI  - Brownian motion of interacting nonspherical tracer particles: General theory.

PMID- 9965881
TI  - Ellipsoid contact potential: Theory and relation to overlap potentials.

PMID- 9965884
TI  - Concentration dependence of the sol-gel transition point and the network
      formation of polymer gels.

PMID- 9965883
TI  - Rotational diffusion of nonspherical Brownian particles in a suspension of
      spheres.

PMID- 9965885
TI  - Analysis of dielectric relaxation phenomena with molecular orientational ordering
      in monolayers at the liquid-air interface.

PMID- 9965886
TI  - Inhomogeneity in gelation and nonuniversality of sol-to-gel transitions studied
      by a computer simulation model.

PMID- 9965887
TI  - Flory-type theory of a knotted ring polymer.

PMID- 9965888
TI  - Symmetry-breaking density profiles in confined liquids.

PMID- 9965889
TI  - Phase transition, equation of state, and limiting shear viscosities of hard
      sphere dispersions.

PMID- 9965890
TI  - Order-disorder transitions in polymer-surfactant systems.

PMID- 9965892
TI  - Time-frequency analysis of electroencephalogram series. II. Gabor and wavelet
      transforms.

PMID- 9965891
TI  - Nonlinear response of layer growth dynamics in the mixed kinetics-bulk-transport
      regime.

PMID- 9965893
TI  - Compressive deformation of a single microcapsule.

PMID- 9965895
TI  - Barriers against DNA-loop formation in a porous matrix.

PMID- 9965894
TI  - Noise-induced transitions in human postural sway.

PMID- 9965896
TI  - Tube leakage during electrophoresis retards reptating DNA in unmodified and
      hydroxyethylated agarose gels.

PMID- 9965897
TI  - Detecting dynamical interdependence and generalized synchrony through mutual
      prediction in a neural ensemble.

PMID- 9965898
TI  - Fluctuation-induced interactions between rods on a membrane.

PMID- 9965899
TI  - Simulations of heating and electron energy distributions in optical field ionized
      plasmas.

PMID- 9965900
TI  - Shift of the Na

PMID- 9965902
TI  - Nonlinear Alfven waves in magnetized plasmas with heavy impurities or dust.

PMID- 9965901
TI  - Comparison of Monte Carlo simulations and nonlocal calculations of the electron
      distribution function in a positive column plasma.

PMID- 9965903
TI  - Characterization of laser plasmas for interaction studies: Progress in time
      resolved density mapping.

PMID- 9965905
TI  - Free-electron laser without inversion via transverse momentum discrimination.

PMID- 9965904
TI  - Theory and simulation of transverse supermode evolution in a free-electron laser
      oscillator.

PMID- 9965907
TI  - Coherent backscattering from anisotropic scatterers.

PMID- 9965906
TI  - Stability and halo formation of a breathing axisymmetric uniform-density beam.

PMID- 9965908
TI  - Rayleigh methods applied to electromagnetic scattering from gratings in general
      homogeneous media.

PMID- 9965909
TI  - Direct approach to the study of soliton perturbations.

PMID- 9965910
TI  - Nose-Andersen dynamics of partially rigid molecules: Coupling all degrees of
      freedom to heat and pressure baths.

PMID- 9965911
TI  - Importance of creeping waves in Schwinger variational-principle calculations of
      backscattering from cylinders with Neumann's boundary condition.

PMID- 9965912
TI  - Collision-induced friction in the motion of a single particle on a bumpy inclined
      line.

PMID- 9965913
TI  - Sound propagation in impure granular columns.

PMID- 9965915
TI  - Stress waves in composite materials.

PMID- 9965914
TI  - Temporal behavior of bidimensional photorefractive bright spatial solitons.

PMID- 9965917
TI  - Multiensemble sampling: An alternative efficient Monte Carlo technique.

PMID- 9965916
TI  - Random-lattice models and simulation algorithms for the phase equilibria in two
      dimensional condensed systems of particles with coupled internal and
      translational degrees of freedom.

PMID- 9965918
TI  - Heat flow studies for large temperature gradients by molecular dynamics
      simulation.

PMID- 9965920
TI  - Number of distinct sites visited on a percolation cluster: Characterization of
      fluctuations.

PMID- 9965919
TI  - Reentrant transition induced by multiplicative noise in the time-dependent
      Ginzburg-Landau model.

PMID- 9965922
TI  - Stochastic resonance in a dipole.

PMID- 9965921
TI  - Nonlinear differential delay equations using the Poincare section technique.

PMID- 9965923
TI  - Nonequilibrium corrections in the pressure tensor due to an energy flux.

PMID- 9965925
TI  - Switching between orbits in a periodic window.

PMID- 9965924
TI  - Nonsimultaneity effects in globally coupled maps.

PMID- 9965926
TI  - External noise in periodically forced Rayleigh-Benard convection.

PMID- 9965927
TI  - Multifractal structure and intermittency of laser-generated turbulence in nematic
      liquid crystals.

PMID- 9965928
TI  - Periodicity in nematic liquid crystal walls.

PMID- 9965929
TI  - Ostwald ripening on the wall of a semi-infinite system.

PMID- 9965930
TI  - Polymer brush under strong shear.

PMID- 9965932
TI  - Absorbing boundary conditions for inertial random processes.

PMID- 9965931
TI  - Universal behavior of the structure of assemblies of particles irreversibly
      deposited on solid surfaces.

PMID- 9965933
TI  - Comment on "Depolarized light scattering study of molten zinc chloride"

PMID- 9965934
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Depolarized light scattering study of molten zinc
      chloride"'

PMID- 9965935
TI  - Erratum: Estimating functions of probability distributions from a finite set of
      samples

PMID- 9965936
TI  - Erratum: Influence of electron collisions on the resonance cone phenomenon in a
      cold magnetized plasma

PMID- 9965937
TI  - Low-temperature phase of the three-state antiferromagnetic Potts model on the
      simple-cubic lattice.

PMID- 9965938
TI  - Stabilization of the less stable orbit by a tiny near-resonance periodic signal.

PMID- 9965939
TI  - Dimensional crossovers and anomalous scaling of single and reacting random
      walkers in baguettelike lattices: Monte Carlo simulations of the number of
      distinct sites visited and of bimolecular A+A and A+B reactions.

PMID- 9965940
TI  - Finite size effects in simulations of glass dynamics.

PMID- 9965941
TI  - Large-scale flow properties of turbulent thermal convection.

PMID- 9965942
TI  - Simulation of the binary hard-sphere crystal/melt interface.

PMID- 9965943
TI  - Stringlike patterns in critical polymer mixtures under steady shear flow.

PMID- 9965944
TI  - Self-diffusion near the percolation threshold in reverse microemulsions.

PMID- 9965946
TI  - Frequency-modulated autowaves in excitable media.

PMID- 9965945
TI  - Monte Carlo study of excluded volume effects in wormlike micelles and
      semiflexible polymers.

PMID- 9965947
TI  - Search for neutron emission from deuterium-loaded palladium.

PMID- 9965949
TI  - Lambda N- Sigma N coupling in Lambda 3H.

PMID- 9965950
TI  - Pseudoscalar pi N coupling and relativistic proton-nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9965948
TI  - Coupling between the beta and gamma vibration in tungsten nuclei.

PMID- 9965951
TI  - Chiral repulsion in the pion-nucleus optical potential.

PMID- 9965952
TI  - Inelastic lepton-deuteron scattering: Possible coherent effects.

PMID- 9965953
TI  - Electron scattering sum rules in polarized nuclei.

PMID- 9965955
TI  - Evaluation of semiclassical trajectory contributions to the cross section.

PMID- 9965954
TI  - 7Li(p,n)7Be and 12C(p,n)12N reactions at 200, 300, and 400 MeV.

PMID- 9965956
TI  - Production of 13N radioactive nuclei from 13C(p,n) or 16O(p, alpha ) reactions.

PMID- 9965958
TI  - Three-body effects in the 7Li (d, alpha alpha n) reaction.

PMID- 9965957
TI  - 15N(d

PMID- 9965959
TI  - Deexcitation gamma rays following the photodisintegration of 17O.

PMID- 9965960
TI  - Production of helium (Z=2) projectile fragments in 16O-emulsion interactions from
      E/A=2 to 200 GeV.

PMID- 9965961
TI  - Location of major alpha strength in 13C at 10.75 MeV.

PMID- 9965962
TI  - Magnetic moments of low-lying states in 103Rh, 111,113Cd, and 123,125Te.

PMID- 9965963
TI  - Identification of projectile sequential decay and incomplete fusion in the
      16O+28Si, 16O+27Al, and 10B+27Al systems at 4-5 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9965965
TI  - Statistical model of nuclear multifragmentation.

PMID- 9965964
TI  - Fusion and binary reactions in the collision of 32S on 26Mg at Elab

PMID- 9965966
TI  - Production of the H dibaryon in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9965967
TI  - Coupled-channels calculations of elastic and inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9965968
TI  - Shape coexistence in 187Au.

PMID- 9965969
TI  - K+/-, p-bar, and Omega - production in relativistic heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9965971
TI  - Nuclear thermometers for heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9965970
TI  - High-spin structures in 137Sm: Role of the beta -driving nu i13/2 intruder in
      deformation enhancement.

PMID- 9965972
TI  - Reaction mechanisms in 28Si+24Mg--> alpha +24Mg+24Mg and alpha +20Ne+28Si.

PMID- 9965973
TI  - Excitation function of the quasifree contribution in the 2H(7Li, alpha alpha )n
      reaction at E0=28-48 MeV.

PMID- 9965974
TI  - Complex fragments emitted in particle-stable states for the 32S+natAg reaction at
      E/A=22.3 MeV.

PMID- 9965975
TI  - Giant resonance strength distribution in 40Ca from inelastic scattering of 500
      MeV protons.

PMID- 9965976
TI  - Three-body unitarity, the cloudy bag model, and the Roper resonance.

PMID- 9965977
TI  - Spin-flip cross sections for 13C(p

PMID- 9965978
TI  - Different continuum approaches to giant resonances in 208Pb with 400-MeV protons.

PMID- 9965979
TI  - Three-nucleon pion absorption in carbon.

PMID- 9965980
TI  - Inclusive ( pi +,p) and ( pi +,pp) cross sections for light nuclei in the
      resonance energy region.

PMID- 9965981
TI  - Relativistic motion of a Lambda particle in hypernuclei and phenomenological
      analysis of its binding energy.

PMID- 9965982
TI  - Nuclear response and hadron formation length in high-energy hadron-nucleus
      interactions.

PMID- 9965983
TI  - Polarization response functions and the (e

PMID- 9965985
TI  - Laser applications to fundamental weak interaction studies.

PMID- 9965984
TI  - Operator expansion method and the double beta decay of 48Ca.

PMID- 9965986
TI  - Two-loop corrections for nuclear matter in the Walecka model.

PMID- 9965987
TI  - Effective masses in relativistic approaches to the nucleon-nucleus mean field.

PMID- 9965989
TI  - Wave function of 14N.

PMID- 9965988
TI  - Binding of hydrogen and helium in silicon, the mass difference between 3H and
      3He, and the mass of nu e.

PMID- 9965990
TI  - Two-quasiparticle states in the interacting boson approximation and the structure
      of even Pt isotopes.

PMID- 9965992
TI  - Finite nucleus Dirac mean field theory and random phase approximation using
      finite B splines.

PMID- 9965991
TI  - Shell-model calculations for the energy levels of the N=50 isotones with A=80-87.

PMID- 9965993
TI  - Collective modes in hot and dense matter.

PMID- 9965995
TI  - Half-life of 56Co.

PMID- 9965994
TI  - Coriolis coupling in the rotational bands of deformed odd-odd nuclei.

PMID- 9965996
TI  - Evidence for collective structure in 214Po.

PMID- 9965997
TI  - Spin excitations in light nuclei: Effect of projectile energy.

PMID- 9965998
TI  - Shape of 24Mg at zero and finite temperature.

PMID- 9965999
TI  - Exciton model analysis of neutron spectra from fusion and quasifusion of two
      heavy ions.

PMID- 9966000
TI  - (6Li,d) stripping into unbound states.

PMID- 9966002
TI  - Erratum: Broken SU(3) symmetry applied to rotational nuclei: Cylindrical
      intrinsic states in the interacting boson model

PMID- 9966001
TI  - Comment on "Feasibility of measurement of the electromagnetic polarizability of
      the bound nucleon"

PMID- 9966003
TI  - Gamow-Teller and spin-dipole strength in 90Zr(n,p) at 65 MeV.

PMID- 9966004
TI  - Formation of Lambda 4H hypernuclei from K- absorption at rest on light nuclei.

PMID- 9966005
TI  - Compound-hypernucleus interpretation of Lambda 4H formation probabilities in
      stopped-K- absorption.

PMID- 9966006
TI  - Double blocking in doubly odd deformed nuclei: The case of 178Re.

PMID- 9966007
TI  - Momentum dependence of the nuclear mean field.

PMID- 9966008
TI  - Fusion rates of squeezed and screened hydrogenic nuclei.

PMID- 9966010
TI  - p-4He scattering: Inversion of phase shifts at 64.9 MeV.

PMID- 9966009
TI  - High-momentum nucleons in finite nuclei and y scaling.

PMID- 9966011
TI  - 15N photoneutron cross section.

PMID- 9966013
TI  - Branching ratios for 3He( alpha, gamma )7Be and 3H( alpha, gamma )7Li.

PMID- 9966014
TI  - Low energy theorem and polarization effects in 2H( gamma,n)1H.

PMID- 9966012
TI  - K-matrix analysis of the 12C( alpha, gamma ) reaction at low energy.

PMID- 9966015
TI  - Preequilibrium model analysis of (p,n) reactions on nuclei in the Cr-Ni region.

PMID- 9966016
TI  - Low-lying structures in the Gamow-Teller strength functions for the double-beta
      decaying nuclei 76Ge, 82Se, 128Te, and 130Te.

PMID- 9966017
TI  - Proton stripping to 8- stretched states in 52Cr.

PMID- 9966018
TI  - Gamow-Teller strength deduced from charge exchange reactions on 54Fe at 300 MeV.

PMID- 9966019
TI  - 48Ca(d,n)49Sc reaction at 79 MeV.

PMID- 9966020
TI  - Reactions 54Fe(p, gamma )55Co and 54Fe(p,p' gamma )54Fe from 2.35 to 3.90 MeV.

PMID- 9966021
TI  - Neutron scattering in 189Os for nucleosynthesis rates of the odd-A Os isotopes
      and nucleochronology.

PMID- 9966022
TI  - Temperatures in heavy ion reactions: Simulation via quasiparticle dynamics.

PMID- 9966023
TI  - Quasiparticle nature of rotational bands in 185Pt.

PMID- 9966024
TI  - Rotational bands in doubly odd 128Cs.

PMID- 9966026
TI  - Transverse limited phase space model with Glauber geometry for high-energy
      nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9966025
TI  - Angular momentum role in cross-section energy coherence of heavy-ion dissipative
      collisions.

PMID- 9966027
TI  - Inclusive production of K+ mesons in 2.1-GeV/nucleon nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9966028
TI  - Determination of the impact vector in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9966029
TI  - Possible dynamic effects in the particle decay of 59Cu compound nuclei.

PMID- 9966030
TI  - Influence of rotation-induced nuclear deformation on alpha -particle evaporation
      spectra.

PMID- 9966031
TI  - Structures in the excitation function of 24Mg(16O,20Ne)20Ne and a nonresonant
      description of these structures.

PMID- 9966032
TI  - Potential model calculation of energetic photon production from heavy ion
      collisions.

PMID- 9966033
TI  - Neutron emission from products of strongly damped reactions 58Ni+165Ho at 930
      MeV.

PMID- 9966034
TI  - Spin-orbit force in time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations of heavy-ion
      collisions.

PMID- 9966035
TI  - Unified calculation of photon and pion spectra in intermediate energy heavy ion
      reactions.

PMID- 9966036
TI  - Long-range correlation widths in light heavy-ion nuclear reactions.

PMID- 9966037
TI  - High-spin studies of 172,173Os: Complex alignment mechanism.

PMID- 9966038
TI  - Dissipative mechanisms in the 120 MeV 19F+64Ni reaction.

PMID- 9966040
TI  - Resonances in the 13C(13C, alpha )22Ne reaction for Ec.m.=10.3-13.4 MeV.

PMID- 9966039
TI  - Coupled-channel results for atomic excitations in intermediate-energy heavy-ion
      collisions.

PMID- 9966041
TI  - Spontaneous fission properties of 258Fm, 259Md, 260Md, 258No, and 260

PMID- 9966042
TI  - Pion inelastic scattering to the low-lying broad 2+ in 20Ne.

PMID- 9966043
TI  - Final-state interactions and relativistic effects in the quasielastic (e,e')
      reaction.

PMID- 9966045
TI  - Proton-induced production of eta on nuclei.

PMID- 9966044
TI  - 12,13C(p

PMID- 9966046
TI  - Low energy pion-nucleus potentials from differential and integral data.

PMID- 9966047
TI  - Properties of the giant dipole resonance built on the isobaric analog state.

PMID- 9966049
TI  - Effects of nuclear forces on neutrino opacities in hot nuclear matter.

PMID- 9966048
TI  - Isospin asymmetries in pion scattering to isoscalar giant quadrupole states in Ni
      isotopes.

PMID- 9966051
TI  - Off-shell effects from meson exchange in the nuclear optical potential.

PMID- 9966050
TI  - Formation of deeply bound pi - states from hypernuclear decay.

PMID- 9966052
TI  - Tensor polarization of the elastic e-2H scattering and the scaling behavior of
      six-quark dynamics.

PMID- 9966053
TI  - Observable effects of poles and shadow poles in coupled-channel systems.

PMID- 9966054
TI  - Nucleon-nucleon potentials from Gel'fand-Levitan and Marchenko inversions.

PMID- 9966055
TI  - Level structure of the odd mass Pr isotopes: Levels of 143Pr84 populated in the
      beta decay of 143Ce.

PMID- 9966057
TI  - Generalization of the sum rule for double Gamow-Teller operators.

PMID- 9966056
TI  - Magnetic moment of the 21+ state in 98Sr.

PMID- 9966059
TI  - Adiabatic time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory in the generalized valley
      approximation.

PMID- 9966058
TI  - Energy of the superallowed positron decay of 10C.

PMID- 9966060
TI  - Tensor forces and the response functions of nuclear matter.

PMID- 9966061
TI  - Pair truncation for rotational nuclei: j=(17/2 model.

PMID- 9966062
TI  - Coupled-rearrangement-channel Gaussian-basis variational method for trinucleon
      bound states.

PMID- 9966063
TI  - Possible Bose-Fermi symmetries in the giant resonance fragmentation of deformed
      odd-even nuclei.

PMID- 9966064
TI  - Reliability of the finite temperature Hartree-Fock approximation.

PMID- 9966065
TI  - Seniority structure of the cranked shell model wave function and the pairing
      phase transition.

PMID- 9966066
TI  - Particle-vibration coupling in odd mass N=83 nuclei.

PMID- 9966068
TI  - Quadrupole collective models from the Hartree-Fock standpoint.

PMID- 9966067
TI  - Nuclear matter response function.

PMID- 9966069
TI  - Consistent three-nucleon forces in the nuclear many-body problem.

PMID- 9966070
TI  - Structure of odd-odd 74Ga from the decay of neutron-rich 74Zn.

PMID- 9966071
TI  - New rotational bands in 166Ho.

PMID- 9966073
TI  - Configurational quasidegeneracy and the liquid drop model.

PMID- 9966072
TI  - Broad component of the ( pi +,pp) angular correlation.

PMID- 9966074
TI  - Parton bremsstrahlung as a mechanism of energy deposition in high-energy hadron
      nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9966075
TI  - Charged pions from the isotopes 58,64Ni by 201 MeV protons.

PMID- 9966077
TI  - Quadrupole and octupole radiation from 16O near 39 MeV excitation.

PMID- 9966076
TI  - Comparison of two methods for calculating finite-temperature ring diagrams.

PMID- 9966078
TI  - Giant M1 resonance in 120Sn and the quenching of the nucleon spin g factors.

PMID- 9966079
TI  - Radiative muon capture on oxygen and the induced pseudoscalar coupling.

PMID- 9966080
TI  - Measurements of discrete nuclear reactions induced by a radioactive 8Li beam.

PMID- 9966081
TI  - Identification of the T=1, 6- stretched state in 40Ca by inelastic proton and
      deuteron scattering.

PMID- 9966082
TI  - Method for measurements of absolute analyzing powers in nuclear reactions.

PMID- 9966083
TI  - Comparison between the exact and the thermal description of the pairing
      interaction in 114Sn.

PMID- 9966085
TI  - Relations between polarized-proton-nucleus and unpolarized-transverse-electron
      nucleus scattering and applications.

PMID- 9966084
TI  - Subthreshold antiproton production in nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9966086
TI  - Width of the level at Ex

PMID- 9966087
TI  - (p,p alpha ) cluster-knockout reaction on 9Be at 200 MeV.

PMID- 9966088
TI  - Resonances and time-delay in three-body scattering.

PMID- 9966089
TI  - Separable expansion for the two-body T matrix based on a nonsingular scattering
      equation.

PMID- 9966090
TI  - Quasielastic (e,e') sum rule saturation.

PMID- 9966091
TI  - Nuclear-structure dependence of the E1 strength located in the giant dipole
      resonance of heavy nuclei.

PMID- 9966092
TI  - Spectral structure of 245-445 keV electrons and positrons in positron-thorium
      scattering.

PMID- 9966093
TI  - Single nucleon removal in relativistic nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9966095
TI  - Velocity dependence of prompt, high-energy nucleon emission.

PMID- 9966094
TI  - High-energy gamma-ray production in the heavy-ion reaction 136Xe + Sn at E/A=89
      and 124 MeV.

PMID- 9966096
TI  - Interacting gluon model for hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions in the
      central rapidity region.

PMID- 9966097
TI  - Spin of the 219Ra ground state.

PMID- 9966098
TI  - Inelastic scattering of 210 MeV 6Li ions from 12C, 28Si, and 58Ni: Test of unique
      6Li potentials.

PMID- 9966099
TI  - Nonequilibrium fission and heavy residue production in the interaction of 12-16
      MeV/nucleon 32S with 165Ho.

PMID- 9966100
TI  - Shape coexistence in 132Ba.

PMID- 9966101
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of peripheral collisions in the 40Ar+27Al reaction at 44
      MeV/nucleon using the nuclear random walk model.

PMID- 9966102
TI  - Nuclear molecular configurations in heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9966103
TI  - Linear momentum transfer in the reaction of 64-269 MeV 3He with 238U.

PMID- 9966104
TI  - Special two-energy-two-angle approximation for bremsstrahlung.

PMID- 9966105
TI  - Microscopic s-wave optical potential for slow pions scattered by a nucleus.

PMID- 9966107
TI  - Optical potentials for alpha particles on Ca isotopes at 1.37 GeV.

PMID- 9966106
TI  - Spin-spin and tensor observables in the isovector nucleon-nucleon force.

PMID- 9966108
TI  - Electromagnetic interactions of extended nucleons.

PMID- 9966109
TI  - Reaction 3He( pi +,pp)p at T pi =350 and 500 MeV.

PMID- 9966110
TI  - y scaling and hard-core potentials.

PMID- 9966111
TI  - Atomic screening effects on electron-neutrino angular correlation and beta -decay
      asymmetry in allowed transitions.

PMID- 9966113
TI  - 4He binding energy calculation including full tensor-force effects.

PMID- 9966112
TI  - 123Cd level scheme.

PMID- 9966114
TI  - Relativistic Hartree calculations of odd-A nuclei.

PMID- 9966116
TI  - Comparisons of interacting-boson-fermion approximation and triaxial calculations
      for odd-mass N=80 nuclei.

PMID- 9966115
TI  - Electromagnetic form factors of odd-A rotational nuclei.

PMID- 9966117
TI  - Model analysis of the relationship between 3S1 scattering length and the root
      mean-square radius of the deuteron.

PMID- 9966118
TI  - Proton mean-free path in nuclear matter and in finite nuclei.

PMID- 9966119
TI  - Pions in the deuteron.

PMID- 9966120
TI  - 0(+),T=0(p,p')0(-),T=1 pion like excitations and nuclear response in the spin
      isospin channel.

PMID- 9966121
TI  - Effect of a second fermion pair on the structure of N=88 isotones.

PMID- 9966122
TI  - Coulomb sum rule of A=2, 3, and 4 nuclei.

PMID- 9966123
TI  - Electromagnetic and hadronic interaction form factors for the ground, ((3/2
      (1/2)1 and ((3/2-(3/2)1 states in 13C and 13N.

PMID- 9966124
TI  - Nuclear level-density parameter in hot nuclei.

PMID- 9966125
TI  - Radiative capture of tensor and vector polarized deuterons by 3H at 400 keV.

PMID- 9966126
TI  - Solution of controversy over 1583-keV levels in 204Pb.

PMID- 9966127
TI  - Fission stability diagram of 240Pu.

PMID- 9966128
TI  - Method for computing coupled-channels Gamow-state energies.

PMID- 9966129
TI  - Hexadecapolar excitation in 100Ru.

PMID- 9966131
TI  - Possible existence of a low-energy octupole resonance in 208Pb.

PMID- 9966130
TI  - Evidence for reflection asymmetric shape in the nucleus 16151Pm90.

PMID- 9966132
TI  - Distorted wave impulse approximation calculations of 6Li(p,pd)4He reaction at 8
      and 9 MeV.

PMID- 9966133
TI  - New comparisons of the coupled-channel model with elastic deuteron form factors.

PMID- 9966134
TI  - Anomalous nuclear enhancement in large transverse momentum hadron production.

PMID- 9966136
TI  - Cold nuclear fusion in metallic hydrogen and normal metals.

PMID- 9966135
TI  - Erratum: 2H( gamma,n) absolute cross section at 2754 keV

PMID- 9966137
TI  - Search for neutrons from deuterium-deuterium nuclear reactions in
      electrochemically charged palladium.

PMID- 9966138
TI  - Measurement of the cross section 22Ne(p,n)22Na.

PMID- 9966139
TI  - Two-particle rapidity correlations in dC, alpha C, and CC interactions at 4.2
      GeV/c per nucleon.

PMID- 9966140
TI  - Shapes of 59Cu nuclei at moderate excitation energies and spin.

PMID- 9966142
TI  - Correlations between fragment mass and excitation energy in damped reactions.

PMID- 9966141
TI  - Contribution of two-pion annihilation to dilepton emission from proton-nucleon
      collisions.

PMID- 9966143
TI  - Deuteron photodisintegration near threshold.

PMID- 9966144
TI  - Production of polarized 8Li with the 7Li(d

PMID- 9966145
TI  - Preequilibrium emission of hard photons in proton-nucleus reactions.

PMID- 9966146
TI  - Hexadecapole strength in the region of the low-energy octupole resonance.

PMID- 9966148
TI  - Statistical multistep reactions: Application.

PMID- 9966147
TI  - Neutron pickup strength in 87Sr from the (p

PMID- 9966149
TI  - Differences in straggling for positrons and electrons.

PMID- 9966150
TI  - Polarization parameters of a spin-one system: Bounds and geometrical
      representation.

PMID- 9966151
TI  - Deducing the initial properties of hot nuclei formed in central heavy-ion
      collisions.

PMID- 9966152
TI  - Nuclear polarization effects due to classical dynamics of two colliding 238U
      nuclei with frictional forces.

PMID- 9966154
TI  - Instability of hot nuclei.

PMID- 9966153
TI  - delta -electron spectroscopy, a tool to study the dynamics of heavy-ion
      collisions.

PMID- 9966156
TI  - Excitation energy equilibration in damped 139La+40Ar collisions at 15 MeV per
      nucleon.

PMID- 9966155
TI  - Impact parameter and energy dependence of observables in intermediate energy
      heavy-ion reactions.

PMID- 9966157
TI  - Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck and relaxation time methods: A comparison.

PMID- 9966159
TI  - Low-energy nucleon-nucleon scattering in a relativised quark model.

PMID- 9966158
TI  - Nucleus-nucleus multiplicity distributions and quantum chromodynamics.

PMID- 9966160
TI  - K+-nucleus total cross section analysis.

PMID- 9966161
TI  - Dirac random-phase-approximation analysis of the inelastic scattering of 500 MeV
      protons from 40Ca.

PMID- 9966163
TI  - Deuteron polarization observables and the Delta N interaction.

PMID- 9966162
TI  - Coupled channels analysis of 12C

PMID- 9966164
TI  - Nuclear orientation of 160Tb in Tb single crystal.

PMID- 9966166
TI  - Spatial correlation of pairing modes in nuclei at finite temperature.

PMID- 9966165
TI  - Microscopic investigation of pair excitation and shape coexistence in even-even
      nuclei.

PMID- 9966167
TI  - Generalized statistical self-consistent approach.

PMID- 9966168
TI  - Saturation effects in gamma-band energies.

PMID- 9966169
TI  - Pion-nucleon interaction and neutral-pion photoproduction on the proton near
      threshold.

PMID- 9966170
TI  - Energetic proton spectra in the promptly-emitted-particle model.

PMID- 9966171
TI  - Bound state effects on the parity-violating nuclear potential.

PMID- 9966172
TI  - Role of mesonic resonances in antiproton annihilation on nuclei.

PMID- 9966173
TI  - Gamow-Teller and M1 strength sums for sd shell nuclei by spectral distribution
      methods.

PMID- 9966174
TI  - Temporal development of the plasma phase transition.

PMID- 9966175
TI  - Comment on "Ring diagram nuclear matter calculations using Bonn and V14
      potentials"

PMID- 9966176
TI  - Single-particle spectrum and ring-diagram nuclear matter calculations: A reply to
      a Comment.

PMID- 9966177
TI  - Comment on "Electron peaks in e++ Th, U, and Ta interactions"

PMID- 9966178
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Electron peaks in e++Th, U, and Ta interactions' "

PMID- 9966179
TI  - Skin thickness in the Te isotopes.

PMID- 9966180
TI  - Search for cold fusion using x-ray detection.

PMID- 9966181
TI  - Alpha-induced fission of 235U at extreme sub-barrier energies.

PMID- 9966182
TI  - Strength of tensor force and s-d-shell effective interactions.

PMID- 9966183
TI  - 180 degrees electron scattering from 14C.

PMID- 9966184
TI  - Spin dipole and quadrupole resonances in 40Ca.

PMID- 9966185
TI  - gamma width of the unbound 5.17 MeV level of 14O and the "hot" CNO cycle.

PMID- 9966187
TI  - Unitary theory of the deuteron photodisintegration.

PMID- 9966186
TI  - Important configurations in six-quark N-N states. II. Current quark model.

PMID- 9966188
TI  - Calculating deuteron photodisintegration amplitudes using nonsingular scattering
      equations.

PMID- 9966190
TI  - Protons of 200 MeV incident on 12C. I. Coincident proton emission from the
      continuum.

PMID- 9966189
TI  - 7+ states in 26Al observed in the 24Mg( alpha,d) and 25Mg(3He,d) reactions.

PMID- 9966192
TI  - Proton resonances in 34Cl from Ex=6.3 to 8.8 MeV.

PMID- 9966191
TI  - Protons of 200 MeV incident on 12C. II. Quasifree proton knockout.

PMID- 9966193
TI  - 17O(3He,d)18F reaction and its implication in the 17O destruction in the CNO
      cycle in stars.

PMID- 9966194
TI  - Gamow-Teller strength in the 208Pb(p,n)208Bi reaction at 134.3 MeV.

PMID- 9966196
TI  - Correction for truncation in coupled-channels optical potentials.

PMID- 9966195
TI  - First- and second-chance proton emission in the interactions of fast neutrons
      with 92Mo.

PMID- 9966197
TI  - Structure of the N=Z+1 nucleus 69Se.

PMID- 9966198
TI  - Evaluation of observables in statistical multifragmentation theories.

PMID- 9966199
TI  - Negative-parity excitations in 144Nd.

PMID- 9966200
TI  - Gyromagnetic ratios in 164Dy and 168Er.

PMID- 9966202
TI  - Two statistical approaches to nuclear disassembly.

PMID- 9966201
TI  - Fusion calculations for 40Ca

PMID- 9966204
TI  - Transverse hydrodynamics of collective pion flow.

PMID- 9966203
TI  - 24Mg nuclear moments from 24Mg(200 MeV)+208Pb scattering.

PMID- 9966205
TI  - High-energy gamma rays from reactions induced by E/A=15 MeV heavy-ion beams.

PMID- 9966206
TI  - Electromagnetic transition probabilities in the natural-parity rotational band of
      173Yb.

PMID- 9966208
TI  - Transverse radius of an expanding hadronic system at freeze-out time.

PMID- 9966207
TI  - Binary decay of 56Ni formed in the 32S

PMID- 9966209
TI  - Systematic analysis of heavy-ion reaction data in terms of an eikonal approach:
      Elastic and inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9966211
TI  - Coherent surface excitation model for heavy-ion reactions: Energy and angular
      momentum conservation.

PMID- 9966210
TI  - Target excitation and angular momentum transfer in reactions of E/A=11.9 MeV 28Si
      with 181Ta from 4 pi charged particle, neutron, and gamma -ray multiplicity
      measurements.

PMID- 9966212
TI  - Systematic analysis of mass yield curves in low-energy fission of actinides.

PMID- 9966213
TI  - Strong interaction effects in high-Z K- atoms.

PMID- 9966215
TI  - Effect of configuration admixtures on pion double charge exchange.

PMID- 9966214
TI  - Relativistic and strong-distortion effects in proton-proton parity violation.

PMID- 9966216
TI  - Sigma -hypernuclear production in flight.

PMID- 9966218
TI  - Giant resonances at complex excitation energies.

PMID- 9966217
TI  - Spin-one Kemmer-Duffin-Petiau equations and intermediate-energy deuteron-nucleus
      scattering.

PMID- 9966219
TI  - Spin dependence of pp-->np pi + from 492 to 796 MeV.

PMID- 9966220
TI  - Pion-exchange contribution to the parity-violating asymmetry in p

PMID- 9966221
TI  - Soft-core baryon-baryon one-boson-exchange models. II. Hyperon-nucleon potential.

PMID- 9966222
TI  - Magnetic moment of the (3/2(-)

PMID- 9966223
TI  - Decay studies of neutron-deficient nuclei near the Z=64 subshell: 141Dy, 141Tb,
      141Gdg+m, and 141Eum.

PMID- 9966224
TI  - Effect of nuclear core polarization on neutrinoless double beta decay of 48Ca.

PMID- 9966225
TI  - Hybrid method for calculating exciton state and level densities.

PMID- 9966226
TI  - Random-phase-approximation calculations of nuclear response in the continuum.

PMID- 9966227
TI  - Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin-type approximations for bound states in short-range
      nonsingular potentials.

PMID- 9966229
TI  - Magnetic form factors of the trinucleons.

PMID- 9966228
TI  - Testing the parameters of the "universal" Woods-Saxon potential with B(E2;01+-
      >21+) values and nucleon separation energies.

PMID- 9966230
TI  - Gamma-ray spectroscopy of 60,61Zn and 59,60Cu.

PMID- 9966231
TI  - Nonspectral Dirac random-phase approximation for finite nuclei.

PMID- 9966232
TI  - Relations for the coefficients in the I(I+1) expansion for rotational spectra.

PMID- 9966233
TI  - Boson expansion theory description of anharmonic gamma vibrations in deformed
      nuclei.

PMID- 9966234
TI  - Two-level bosonic model that simulates the transition from a superconductive
      condensate to an alpha cluster condensate.

PMID- 9966235
TI  - Model calculations using boson mappings.

PMID- 9966236
TI  - Relativistic Vlasov approach to normal modes of nuclear matter.

PMID- 9966237
TI  - Seniority mapping of single fermion operators.

PMID- 9966238
TI  - Search for the tetraneutron using the reaction 4He( pi -, pi +)4n.

PMID- 9966240
TI  - Dilepton radiation from nucleon-nucleon collisions.

PMID- 9966239
TI  - Meson exchange currents in 209Bi.

PMID- 9966242
TI  - Double gamma decay in 90Zr.

PMID- 9966241
TI  - Coulomb excitation studies in antimony isotopes.

PMID- 9966244
TI  - Collective versus independent annihilation of "transhydrogen" antinuclei.

PMID- 9966243
TI  - np elastic scattering analyzing power characteristics at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9966245
TI  - Bidimensional fit to 2H( gamma,p)n cross-section values between 20 and 440 MeV.

PMID- 9966246
TI  - Path integral and boson-fermion expansion in many-fermion systems: Lipkin model.

PMID- 9966247
TI  - Pion absorption on polarized 3He.

PMID- 9966248
TI  - Comment on "Unexpected large deformations in 60Ni nuclei produced in the reaction
      120 MeV 30Si+30Si"

PMID- 9966249
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Unexpected large deformations in 60Ni nuclei produced in
      the reaction 120 MeV 30Si

PMID- 9966250
TI  - Comment on "Pion-nucleon bremsstrahlung and Delta electromagnetic moments"

PMID- 9966251
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Pion-nucleon bremsstrahlung and Delta electromagnetic
      moments' "

PMID- 9966252
TI  - Erratum: Coupling between the beta and gamma vibration in tungsten nuclei

PMID- 9966253
TI  - High energy photon production in low energy 12C

PMID- 9966254
TI  - Quasifree analyzing powers using the (p

PMID- 9966255
TI  - One- and two-dimensional analysis of the factorial moments in 200 GeV/nucleon p,
      16O, and 32S interactions with Ag and Br nuclei.

PMID- 9966257
TI  - Theoretical calculations for neutrino-induced charged current reactions in 12C
      and recent experimental results.

PMID- 9966256
TI  - Shape transition at high spin manifested in the gamma -ray decay of the giant
      dipole resonance in hot Dy nuclei.

PMID- 9966258
TI  - Application of the Bonn potential to proton-proton scattering.

PMID- 9966260
TI  - Polarization observables in deuteron photodisintegration and
      electrodisintegration.

PMID- 9966259
TI  - Total nuclear reaction probabilities and average cross sections for 27 to 92 MeV
      alpha particles in silicon.

PMID- 9966261
TI  - Equilibrium cluster emission from 3He+Ag reactions.

PMID- 9966263
TI  - Hard photons in proton-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9966262
TI  - Nuclear dynamics of 192Os as probed in neutron scattering.

PMID- 9966264
TI  - Dynamics of collective excitations in 190,192Os and 194Pt observed by 8 MeV
      neutron scattering.

PMID- 9966265
TI  - Averaged nonstatistical effects in the 3s region for capture reactions.

PMID- 9966266
TI  - Importance of nucleon-nucleon interactions in hardening nucleon spectra in heavy
      ion fusion.

PMID- 9966267
TI  - Angular momentum effects in subbarrier fusion of 64Ni+100Mo.

PMID- 9966268
TI  - Determination of energies and widths of neutron-unbound states from heavy-ion
      collisions.

PMID- 9966269
TI  - Search for particle-bound neutral nuclei in heavy-ion-induced reactions.

PMID- 9966270
TI  - Nuclei with diffuse surfaces for future Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck calculations.

PMID- 9966271
TI  - Transverse collective motion in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9966272
TI  - Fusion-evaporation cross sections for 24Mg

PMID- 9966274
TI  - Nucleon emission via electromagnetic excitation in relativistic nucleus-nucleus
      collisions: Reanalysis of the Weizsacker-Williams method.

PMID- 9966273
TI  - Collisional relaxation in simulations of heavy-ion collisions using Boltzmann
      type equations.

PMID- 9966275
TI  - Analysis of pre- and post-scission neutrons emitted in the reaction 169Tm(36Ar,f)
      at Elab

PMID- 9966277
TI  - High spin states in 75Kr: Approaching superdeformation in the A=80 region.

PMID- 9966276
TI  - Relativistic transport theory of fluctuating fields for hadrons.

PMID- 9966278
TI  - Modified statistical model for the disassembly of hot nuclei formed in
      intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9966279
TI  - Spin correlation parameter and analyzing power in n-p elastic scattering at
      intermediate energies.

PMID- 9966280
TI  - Inclusive and exclusive quasielastic p

PMID- 9966281
TI  - Pion charge exchange to the isovector giant dipole state at energies above the 3
      3 resonance.

PMID- 9966283
TI  - Two-nucleon absorption of stopped pi - in 3He.

PMID- 9966282
TI  - Antiproton annihilation at rest in nitrogen and deuterium gas.

PMID- 9966285
TI  - T20 problem and spin observables in pion-deuteron scattering.

PMID- 9966284
TI  - Pion double charge exchange in the Delta 33 resonance region.

PMID- 9966286
TI  - Analyzing powers in pi

PMID- 9966287
TI  - Half-life of 56Co.

PMID- 9966289
TI  - Decay of 133Nd and structure of 133Pr.

PMID- 9966288
TI  - Half-life of 229Th.

PMID- 9966290
TI  - Search for reflection asymmetric structures in the A=145 mass region: Decays of
      1.8-s 143Cs to levels of 143Ba and 4.1-s 147La to levels of 147Ce.

PMID- 9966291
TI  - Shell-model study of 39S( beta -)39Cl and the energy levels of 39Cl.

PMID- 9966292
TI  - Charge distributions of 208Pb, 206Pb, and 205Tl and the mean-field approximation.

PMID- 9966293
TI  - Symplectic structure of the collective manifold.

PMID- 9966294
TI  - Sp6 <= crSscrU2 symmetry of the fermion dynamical symmetry model.

PMID- 9966295
TI  - Unique shape dependence in the coherent influence of signature on energies and M1
      rates.

PMID- 9966296
TI  - Eigenvalue spacings of the shell-model Hamiltonian.

PMID- 9966298
TI  - Equation of state of cold nuclear matter extracted from nuclear masses by the
      droplet model.

PMID- 9966297
TI  - Triton model calculation test of the Bonn W-matrix rank-one approximation.

PMID- 9966299
TI  - Self-consistent structure of the S pair and the D pair in nuclei.

PMID- 9966300
TI  - New gamma ray in the decay of 56Co.

PMID- 9966301
TI  - Dominance of nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung in mass-asymmetric heavy-ion
      collisions at 15 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9966302
TI  - Can one observe the spin monopole resonance in 208Pb?

PMID- 9966303
TI  - Universality of temperature-dependent effects in finite many-fermion systems.

PMID- 9966304
TI  - Behavior of octupole states near mass 150 and the collapse of the Z=64 subshell
      gap.

PMID- 9966305
TI  - Hartree-Fock ansatz as saddle points of the convoluted Green's function.

PMID- 9966306
TI  - Partial-wave analysis of the pp-->pn pi + reaction.

PMID- 9966307
TI  - Limits on the presence of scalar and induced-scalar currents in superallowed beta
      decay.

PMID- 9966308
TI  - Possibility of transient effects during the emission of intermediate mass
      fragments.

PMID- 9966310
TI  - Subthreshold pion production: Similarity of p- and 12C-induced reactions.

PMID- 9966309
TI  - Observables in kaon photoproduction.

PMID- 9966311
TI  - Comment on "Nonresonant capture of low-energy protons by 27Al"

PMID- 9966312
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Nonresonant capture of low-energy protons by 27Al' "

PMID- 9966313
TI  - Comment on "Skeleton boson realizations of collective subalgebras"

PMID- 9966314
TI  - Multiconfiguration resonating-group theory of 8Li.

PMID- 9966315
TI  - Search for protons from the 2H(d,p)3H reaction in an electrolytic cell with Pd-Pt
      electrodes.

PMID- 9966316
TI  - Spin observables for polarized proton scattering from polarized 3He.

PMID- 9966317
TI  - Alpha-cluster spectroscopy in 40Ca and in the sd-shell closure region.

PMID- 9966318
TI  - Forward scattering of a proton from a J=1 nucleus: Selection rules for flipping
      the spin of the target by two units.

PMID- 9966319
TI  - Intermediate mass fragment emission in the 161-MeV p+Ag reaction.

PMID- 9966320
TI  - Measurement and analysis of the excitation function for alpha-induced reactions
      on Ga and Sb isotopes.

PMID- 9966322
TI  - Computer simulation of reaction plane memory via quasiparticle dynamics.

PMID- 9966321
TI  - alpha -like part of four-nucleon wave functions.

PMID- 9966323
TI  - Test of statistical model predictions for alpha-particle decay of 90,92,94,96Ru
      compound nuclei.

PMID- 9966324
TI  - Measurements of time delays for projectile-like fragments in the reaction 40Ar

PMID- 9966325
TI  - Midrapidity pi -/ pi + ratios in 1.05 GeV/nucleon 40Ca+40Ca collisions.

PMID- 9966326
TI  - Actinide cross sections from the reaction of 13C with 254Esg.

PMID- 9966328
TI  - Optical potential and the fusion barrier of two hot nuclei.

PMID- 9966327
TI  - Strength of the attraction of the Skyrme-type forces used in the heavy-ion
      reaction problems.

PMID- 9966329
TI  - Off-mass-shell dynamics in the calculation of deep inelastic scattering from
      nucleons and nuclei.

PMID- 9966330
TI  - Measurement of deuteron-deuteron total cross sections in the incident momentum
      range 1.5-4.0 GeV/c.

PMID- 9966331
TI  - Pion-deuteron breakup reaction at 228 MeV.

PMID- 9966333
TI  - Neutral pion photoproduction on the nucleon near threshold.

PMID- 9966332
TI  - Observation of double isovector giant dipole resonances from pion double charge
      exchange.

PMID- 9966334
TI  - Flow effects on transverse momentum spectra in ultrarelativistic nuclear
      collisions.

PMID- 9966336
TI  - Nuclear magnetic moment of 106Rh.

PMID- 9966335
TI  - Meson-exchange enhancement of the first-forbidden 96Yg(0(-))-->96Zrg (0(+)) beta
      transition: beta decay of the low-spin isomer of 96Y.

PMID- 9966337
TI  - Half-life of 10C.

PMID- 9966339
TI  - Low-energy octupole modes in the A=24-54 region.

PMID- 9966338
TI  - Pairing effects in N=82 isotones.

PMID- 9966340
TI  - Covariant mean-field calculations of finite-temperature nuclear matter.

PMID- 9966341
TI  - Possible evidence for four-particle, four-hole excitations in 146Gd.

PMID- 9966342
TI  - Number-conserving random phase approximation with analytically integrated matrix
      elements.

PMID- 9966343
TI  - Pairing correlations in the rotating nucleus discussed within the generator
      coordinate method.

PMID- 9966344
TI  - Charge form factors of the three- and four-body nuclei.

PMID- 9966346
TI  - Shell model states in the 18O three-body wave function.

PMID- 9966345
TI  - Generalized valley approximation applied to a schematic model of the monopole
      excitation.

PMID- 9966347
TI  - Large basis space effects in electron scattering form factors of light nuclei.

PMID- 9966348
TI  - Approximate energy correction for particle number symmetry breaking in
      constrained Hartree-Fock plus BCS calculations.

PMID- 9966349
TI  - Monopole strength and shape coexistence in the A

PMID- 9966350
TI  - Electrofission of 208Pb in the intermediate energy region.

PMID- 9966351
TI  - Half-life and branching ratios of 13O beta decay.

PMID- 9966353
TI  - Quark physics at multi-GeV electron beam accelerators.

PMID- 9966352
TI  - Q2 dependence of the European Muon Collaboration effect.

PMID- 9966355
TI  - Electric quadrupole excitations in the interactions of 89Y with relativistic
      nuclei.

PMID- 9966354
TI  - Dirac potentials in a coupled channel approach to inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9966356
TI  - Spurious states in quasiparticle theory.

PMID- 9966357
TI  - Spin observables and reconstruction of transverse amplitudes in p-d elastic
      scattering.

PMID- 9966358
TI  - Ad hoc Coulomb corrections to the radiation tail.

PMID- 9966360
TI  - Effect of trajectory fluctuations on nucleon drift and diffusion in deep
      inelastic heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9966359
TI  - Information on effective interactions from experimental single-particle energies.

PMID- 9966361
TI  - Thermodynamics of Strutinsky shell corrections and nuclear level densities at low
      excitations.

PMID- 9966362
TI  - Comment on "Unified treatment of bound-state and scattering problems"

PMID- 9966363
TI  - Absence of parity effects in preequilibrium gamma emission.

PMID- 9966365
TI  - Erratum: Two-loop corrections for nuclear matter in the Walecka model

PMID- 9966364
TI  - Reply to "Absence of parity effects in preequilibrium gamma emission"

PMID- 9966366
TI  - Quadrupole moments and band-mixing in tungsten nuclei.

PMID- 9966367
TI  - Critical excitation energy in fusion-evaporation reactions.

PMID- 9966368
TI  - Observation of superdeformation in 192Hg.

PMID- 9966369
TI  - Superdeformed band in 192Hg.

PMID- 9966371
TI  - Kaon versus pion interferometry signatures of quark-gluon plasma formation.

PMID- 9966370
TI  - Resonances due to the Landau-Zener transition.

PMID- 9966372
TI  - Occupation probabilities and hole-state strengths in nuclear matter.

PMID- 9966373
TI  - 16O( pi +,2p) reaction at 165 MeV.

PMID- 9966374
TI  - Fast E1 transitions and evidence for octupole-octupole and quadrupole-octupole
      excitations in 144Sm.

PMID- 9966376
TI  - Theoretical angular distributions from coherent subthreshold pion production.

PMID- 9966375
TI  - Neutron emission and energy partition in the inelastic reactions of 154 MeV 32S
      on 100Mo.

PMID- 9966378
TI  - Analyzing multiparticle reactions. I. Unitarizing perturbative amplitudes.

PMID- 9966377
TI  - W-matrix method for the representation of the scattering T matrix: Analytical
      example.

PMID- 9966379
TI  - Analyzing multiparticle reactions. II. Exactly solvable production models.

PMID- 9966380
TI  - Electroexcitation of rotational bands in 18O.

PMID- 9966382
TI  - Relativistic contributions to the deuteron electromagnetic form factors.

PMID- 9966381
TI  - Valence capture mechanism in resonance neutron capture by 13C.

PMID- 9966384
TI  - Formation of isomers in the reaction 238U(p,3n)236Np.

PMID- 9966383
TI  - Nuclear structure of 238Np from neutron-capture and alpha -decay measurements.

PMID- 9966385
TI  - Possible static octupole deformation at high angular momentum in 78Kr and
      126,128Ba.

PMID- 9966386
TI  - Total charge and mass changing cross sections of relativistic nuclei in hydrogen,
      helium, and carbon targets.

PMID- 9966387
TI  - Individual charge changing fragmentation cross sections of relativistic nuclei in
      hydrogen, helium, and carbon targets.

PMID- 9966388
TI  - Individual isotopic fragmentation cross sections of relativistic nuclei in
      hydrogen, helium, and carbon targets.

PMID- 9966389
TI  - Formula for calculating partial cross sections for nuclear reactions of nuclei
      with E >~ 200 MeV/nucleon in hydrogen targets.

PMID- 9966390
TI  - Dilepton as a possible signature for the baryon-rich quark-gluon plasma.

PMID- 9966391
TI  - Two-nucleon-transfer form factors in heavy rotational nuclei.

PMID- 9966392
TI  - Projectile breakup in the 27Al(16O,X) reaction at 72, 84, 96, 110, and 125 MeV
      bombarding energies.

PMID- 9966393
TI  - Electromagnetic transition strengths between high spin states in 79Sr and 80Sr.

PMID- 9966394
TI  - Electron-capture-delayed fission properties of 234Am.

PMID- 9966395
TI  - Spontaneous fission properties of 2.9-s 256No.

PMID- 9966396
TI  - Prompt neutron emission from the spontaneous fission of 260Md.

PMID- 9966397
TI  - Deuteron electromagnetic form factors in a chiral quark model.

PMID- 9966399
TI  - Pionic contributions to deep inelastic nuclear structure functions.

PMID- 9966398
TI  - 14N( gamma, pi +)14Cgs at photon energies of 230, 260, and 320 MeV.

PMID- 9966400
TI  - Coupled-channels study of antiproton-proton reactions.

PMID- 9966401
TI  - Recoil momenta in proton-induced spallation reactions.

PMID- 9966402
TI  - Interacting boson fermion model description for the levels of 71Ge39 populated in
      the beta decay of 65.30-h 71As.

PMID- 9966403
TI  - Fermi surface anomaly and depletion of the Fermi sea in the relativistic
      Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approximation.

PMID- 9966405
TI  - Competing proton and neutron rotational alignments: Band structures in 131Ba.

PMID- 9966404
TI  - Stability conditions in the Thomas-Fermi approximation and small amplitude
      vibrations in the Vlasov equation.

PMID- 9966406
TI  - Analytic formulae for interacting boson model matrix elements in the SU(3) basis.

PMID- 9966407
TI  - Cluster-orbital shell model with continuum discretization and its application to
      the He isotopes.

PMID- 9966409
TI  - Medium effects in electric form factors and transition strengths.

PMID- 9966410
TI  - K representation for odd-odd nuclei in the interacting boson-fermion-fermion
      model. II. Band mixing in the normal and conflicting case and electromagnetic
      properties.

PMID- 9966411
TI  - Resonant and nonresonant contributions to the photoactivation of 111Cd.

PMID- 9966408
TI  - Constraints on the self-consistent relativistic Fermi-sea particle formalism in
      the quantum hadrodynamical model.

PMID- 9966413
TI  - Decay of 226Ra by 14C emission.

PMID- 9966412
TI  - Low lying states in 127Xe: Implications for the efficiency of a 127I solar nu
      detector.

PMID- 9966414
TI  - Rotational g factors of 158Er at low spins.

PMID- 9966415
TI  - Quenching of spin-dipole strength in 40Ca.

PMID- 9966416
TI  - Effect of the continuum on thermally induced phase transitions in nuclei.

PMID- 9966417
TI  - Reconstruction of isospin and spin-isospin symmetries and double beta decay.

PMID- 9966418
TI  - Three paths for intermediate-mass fragment formation at a near-onset excitation
      energy of 1.3 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9966420
TI  - Transverse form factors in the Riemann rotational model.

PMID- 9966419
TI  - Effects of singlet breakup on deuteron elastic scattering at intermediate
      energies.

PMID- 9966421
TI  - Full-folding optical potentials in elastic proton-nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9966423
TI  - Relation among theories of inclusive breakup reactions.

PMID- 9966422
TI  - Reaction 2H(e,e')pn near breakup threshold at backward angles.

PMID- 9966424
TI  - Gauge dependence of nonrelativistic calculations of deuteron photodisintegration.

PMID- 9966425
TI  - Fine structure of the 1g9/2 isobaric analog resonance in 61Cu.

PMID- 9966426
TI  - Mechanism for electric dipole transitions from the broad p-wave neutron resonance
      in 24Mg.

PMID- 9966428
TI  - Deuteron Compton scattering.

PMID- 9966427
TI  - Microscopic approach for the n-d effective interaction.

PMID- 9966429
TI  - Isomeric yield ratios in proton-, 3He-, and alpha -particle-induced reactions on
      197Au.

PMID- 9966430
TI  - Asymptotic D-state to S-state ratio of the deuteron.

PMID- 9966431
TI  - Sub-barrier fusion of 27Al+70,72,73,74,76Ge: Evidence for shape transition and
      structure effects.

PMID- 9966432
TI  - Heavy-ion Coulomb excitation and photon decay of the giant dipole resonance in
      208Pb.

PMID- 9966433
TI  - Dispersion relation for effective interactions.

PMID- 9966434
TI  - Particle stability of the isotopes 26O and 32Ne in the reaction 44 MeV/nucleon
      48Ca+Ta.

PMID- 9966435
TI  - Nucleon exchange properties of the E/A=8.5 MeV 74Ge+165Ho reaction.

PMID- 9966436
TI  - Heat partition in the E/A=8.5 MeV 74Ge+165Ho reaction.

PMID- 9966438
TI  - Sub-barrier fusion of 28,30Si with 24,26Mg.

PMID- 9966437
TI  - Changes in target fragmentation mechanisms with increasing projectile energy in
      intermediate energy nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9966439
TI  - Theory of transfer reactions in peripheral heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9966440
TI  - Electromagnetic dissociation of 32S at ultrarelativistic energy in nuclear
      emulsion.

PMID- 9966442
TI  - Low-energy reactions with heavy deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9966441
TI  - Energy dependence of fusion evaporation-residue cross sections in the 28Si+28Si
      reaction.

PMID- 9966444
TI  - Analytically soluble model for fusion time.

PMID- 9966443
TI  - Coupled reaction channels effects in the elastic scattering of 32,36S+58,64Ni.

PMID- 9966445
TI  - Direct measurement of the branching ratio Gamma n/ Gamma f of 238U in inelastic
      alpha scattering in the giant resonance region.

PMID- 9966446
TI  - Measurement of the neutrons emitted in the proton-induced fission of 209Bi and
      238U at 475 MeV.

PMID- 9966447
TI  - Search for radiative transitions in the hypernucleus Lambda 10B.

PMID- 9966448
TI  - Pion-nucleus scattering at high energies.

PMID- 9966449
TI  - Coulomb-nuclear interference in pion inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9966451
TI  - Separable multichannel model for the nucleon-nucleon interaction with Delta
      isobars.

PMID- 9966452
TI  - Realistic microscopic approach to deep inelastic scattering of electrons off few
      nucleon systems.

PMID- 9966450
TI  - Quasielastic electron scattering and Coulomb sum rule in 4He.

PMID- 9966453
TI  - Coexistence features in the spherical-deformed A

PMID- 9966454
TI  - Single-particle states in 151Tm and 151Er: Systematics of neutron states in N=83
      nuclei.

PMID- 9966455
TI  - Subnanosecond lifetime measurements in Y and Sr nuclei and the saturation of
      deformation near A=100.

PMID- 9966456
TI  - Mass systematics for A=29-44 nuclei: The deformed A~32 region.

PMID- 9966457
TI  - 02+ and 03+ states in 110Cd.

PMID- 9966458
TI  - Interacting-boson-fermion-fermion model description of 140La83 and comparison
      with levels populated by beta decay and neutron capture.

PMID- 9966460
TI  - Consistent microscopic study of the low-energy 5Li spectrum.

PMID- 9966459
TI  - Role of deformation in exotic decay studies.

PMID- 9966462
TI  - Local gauge invariance of nonlocal interactions.

PMID- 9966461
TI  - Quark tunneling in a one-dimensional nuclear model.

PMID- 9966463
TI  - High-spin structure of N=51 (9)6Rh and 97Pd: A shell-model study.

PMID- 9966465
TI  - Orbital rotational vibrations in the A=130 mass region.

PMID- 9966464
TI  - Instability of infinite nuclear matter in the sigma - omega model.

PMID- 9966467
TI  - High-spin states in 76Br.

PMID- 9966466
TI  - Collective Hamiltonian in linked diagram expansions.

PMID- 9966468
TI  - Three- and five-quasiparticle high-spin states in 143Nd.

PMID- 9966469
TI  - Thermal neutron capture in silicon.

PMID- 9966470
TI  - Determination of 86Zr and 88Mo atomic masses by the ( alpha,8He) reactions on
      90Zr and 92Mo.

PMID- 9966471
TI  - Analyzing powers for p

PMID- 9966472
TI  - Lifetime measurement of excited states in 121,123Te.

PMID- 9966473
TI  - Continuum background in the giant resonance region of excitation.

PMID- 9966474
TI  - Supersymmetric quantum mechanics, the Pauli principle, and nucleon-alpha
      scattering.

PMID- 9966475
TI  - Intermittency and relativistic heavy-ion Monte Carlo simulators.

PMID- 9966476
TI  - Elastic scattering of kaons on nuclei.

PMID- 9966477
TI  - Dipole strength function in 11Li.

PMID- 9966479
TI  - pi 0 photoproduction on the neutron near threshold.

PMID- 9966478
TI  - Topological soliton model calculation of the proton-proton parity-violating
      interaction.

PMID- 9966480
TI  - Quasifree fragmentation of radioactive projectiles: Extended Serber model.

PMID- 9966481
TI  - Many-body correlations and the truncation of the shell-model Hilbert space.

PMID- 9966482
TI  - Double Gamow-Teller matrix elements in the germanium region.

PMID- 9966483
TI  - Erratum: Pion scattering to 4(-) states in 14C

PMID- 9966484
TI  - Erratum: Inclusive production of K+ mesons in 2.1-GeV/nucleon nuclear collisions

PMID- 9966485
TI  - Reaction cross sections for nu 13C-->e- 13N and nu 13C--> nu ' 13C* for low
      energy neutrinos.

PMID- 9966486
TI  - Faddeev calculations for low-energy p-d scattering.

PMID- 9966487
TI  - Off-shell T matrices from inverse scattering.

PMID- 9966488
TI  - Differential cross sections at low energies for 2H(d,p)3H and 2H(d,n)3He.

PMID- 9966489
TI  - Microscopic calculation of bremsstrahlung emission in 3He+ alpha collisions.

PMID- 9966491
TI  - Phase shift analysis of all proton-proton scattering data below Tlab=350 MeV.

PMID- 9966490
TI  - Charged particle decay from giant monopole resonance in 28Si.

PMID- 9966492
TI  - Off-shell behavior of relativistic NN effective interactions and charge symmetry
      breaking.

PMID- 9966493
TI  - Parity nonconserving asymmetries in resonance scattering and nuclear reactions
      induced by polarized protons.

PMID- 9966494
TI  - Excitation of two-particle-one-hole high-spin states in the 45Sc(p,n)45Ti
      reaction at 136 MeV.

PMID- 9966495
TI  - Gamow-Teller strength in the 54Fe(p,n)54Co reaction at 135 MeV.

PMID- 9966496
TI  - Asymmetry of spin-flip of polarized protons in the inelastic scattering to the
      first 2(+) states of 48Ti and 50Ti.

PMID- 9966497
TI  - Relaxation of angular momentum in fission and quasifission reactions.

PMID- 9966499
TI  - 12C+12C elastic scattering analysis above E/A=6 MeV using deep real potentials.

PMID- 9966498
TI  - Electromagnetic dissociation of 28Si at Elab/A=14.6 GeV by nucleon emission.

PMID- 9966500
TI  - Nuclear deformation in excited Pb isotopes from giant dipole gamma -ray-fission
      angular correlations.

PMID- 9966501
TI  - Transverse momenta, nuclear equation of state, and momentum-dependent
      interactions in heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9966502
TI  - Conversion electron and yrast state measurements in 73Br.

PMID- 9966503
TI  - Statistical equilibrium in the 40Ar+12C system at E/A=8 MeV.

PMID- 9966504
TI  - High-spin states in 136Ce: Systematics of collective oblate rotation.

PMID- 9966505
TI  - Fusion cross sections for 46,50Ti+90Zr,93Nb and some systematics of heavy-ion
      fusion at barrier and subbarrier energies.

PMID- 9966506
TI  - Isomers in iodine nuclei.

PMID- 9966508
TI  - Coulomb-modified Glauber model description of heavy-ion reaction cross sections.

PMID- 9966507
TI  - Angular correlations between heavy and light fragments in the reaction 32S+26Mg
      at Elab=163.5 MeV.

PMID- 9966509
TI  - Electrofission in the quasifree and delta regions.

PMID- 9966511
TI  - Optical potentials for charged-hadron-nucleus scattering: Role of Coulomb
      excitations.

PMID- 9966510
TI  - Pion elastic and inelastic scattering from 24Mg and 26Mg.

PMID- 9966513
TI  - Phenomenology of quasifree scattering.

PMID- 9966512
TI  - Cross sections, analyzing powers, and spin-rotation-depolarization observables
      for 500 MeV proton elastic scattering from 12C and 13C.

PMID- 9966514
TI  - 50 MeV pi + and pi - scattering from 12C.

PMID- 9966515
TI  - Constituent-quark contribution to lepton-nucleus deep-inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9966516
TI  - Radiative capture of kaons by the deuteron and the Lambda -n scattering lengths.

PMID- 9966517
TI  - Pion-nucleon scattering from 2 to 5 GeV/c.

PMID- 9966518
TI  - Strangeness production in antiproton annihilation on nuclei.

PMID- 9966519
TI  - Measurement of the beta spectral shapes of 12B and 12N.

PMID- 9966520
TI  - Two-photon decay of the first excited 0(+) state in 16O.

PMID- 9966521
TI  - Constraints on the 12C( alpha, gamma )16O astrophysical S factor from the beta
      delayed alpha emission of 16N.

PMID- 9966522
TI  - Exotic decay model and alpha decay studies.

PMID- 9966523
TI  - Nuclear matter properties from a separable representation of the Paris
      interaction.

PMID- 9966524
TI  - Boson effective charges for light Se, Kr, and Sr isotopes.

PMID- 9966525
TI  - Relativistic quasiparticle description of the structure of finite nuclei.

PMID- 9966526
TI  - Comparison between effective Hamiltonians in symmetry restoring theories:
      Intrinsic excitations in superfluid nuclei.

PMID- 9966528
TI  - Vacuum polarization currents in finite nuclei.

PMID- 9966527
TI  - Renormalized particle-particle and particle-hole random-phase approximation
      correlations at finite temperature: Effects upon the nuclear level density
      parameter.

PMID- 9966529
TI  - Band mixing effects in mean field theories. I. E2 transitions in the interacting
      boson model 1.

PMID- 9966530
TI  - K structure of the cranked shell model wave function.

PMID- 9966531
TI  - Core excited states in 210Po and 206Pb.

PMID- 9966532
TI  - Projection operator in the boson expansion techniques.

PMID- 9966533
TI  - Experimental test of a newly proposed empirical relationship between the centroid
      and width of the giant quadrupole resonance and the neutron binding energy of the
      nucleus.

PMID- 9966534
TI  - Quasifree reaction mechanism in 2H(6Li,3He alpha )n at E0=21.6-33.6 MeV.

PMID- 9966536
TI  - Dependence of the European Muon Collaboration effect on nuclear structure.

PMID- 9966535
TI  - Evaluation of Dirac sea effects in a finite system.

PMID- 9966537
TI  - Contribution of the two-body transverse current to the non-energy-weighted sum
      rule for electron scattering.

PMID- 9966538
TI  - Inertias of superdeformed bands.

PMID- 9966539
TI  - Quantum size effects in rapidly rotating nuclei.

PMID- 9966540
TI  - Comment on "Simultaneous analyses of elastic scattering and fusion cross sections
      for the 32S+58,64Ni systems at energies near the Coulomb barrier"

PMID- 9966541
TI  - Erratum: Coupled channels analysis of 12C( pi, pi ) at low energy

PMID- 9966542
TI  - Line shapes and lifetimes in the 135Nd superdeformed band.

PMID- 9966543
TI  - Compound and precompound effects in photon decay of the giant dipole resonance.

PMID- 9966544
TI  - Isovector parity mixing in 20Ne.

PMID- 9966546
TI  - Spins and spin alignments in 16O+16O inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9966545
TI  - Composite particle emission following negative pion absorption on 12C at T pi 
      =165 MeV.

PMID- 9966547
TI  - Phase variation of the nucleon-nucleon amplitude and the spin observables in
      proton-4He elastic scattering.

PMID- 9966549
TI  - Dielectron production in proton-nucleus reactions.

PMID- 9966548
TI  - Information on octupole deformation from the systematics of B(E3;01+-->31-)
      values.

PMID- 9966550
TI  - Azimuthal asymmetry in Ar+V collisions from E/A=35 to 85 MeV.

PMID- 9966551
TI  - Particle-particle correlations and lifetimes of composite nuclei: New tests for
      the evaporation model and for statistical equilibration.

PMID- 9966552
TI  - Decays of 134Sn and O- 134Sb.

PMID- 9966553
TI  - Evidence for the onset of reflection asymmetry in 216Fr.

PMID- 9966554
TI  - Upper limit for neutron emission from cold d-t fusion.

PMID- 9966556
TI  - Energy shifts and widths of kaonic atoms.

PMID- 9966555
TI  - Additional evidence for fusion-fission in 32S+24Mg reactions: Division of
      excitation energy and spin in the fission fragments.

PMID- 9966557
TI  - Relativistic effects in low-energy nucleon-nucleon scattering.

PMID- 9966559
TI  - Is thermal equilibrium in strongly damped collisions only apparent?

PMID- 9966558
TI  - s-wave partial cross sections for the reaction p+p-->p+p+ pi 0.

PMID- 9966560
TI  - (p,n) reaction on Li isotopes for Ep=60-200 MeV.

PMID- 9966562
TI  - Test of gamma-ray strength functions in nuclear reaction model calculations.

PMID- 9966561
TI  - Resonances in continuous spectra of three-body systems with finite-range two-body
      interaction.

PMID- 9966563
TI  - 30Si(3He,d)31P reaction at 25 MeV.

PMID- 9966564
TI  - Negative-parity states in the spectrum of 6Li from elastic scattering and
      radiative capture of 3He by 3H.

PMID- 9966565
TI  - Analog (p,n) cross sections of even-even palladium isotopes at 26 MeV.

PMID- 9966566
TI  - Determination of 200Pb, 204Po, 208Rn, 212Ra, and 216Th atomic masses by the
      204Pb( alpha,8He)200Pb reaction.

PMID- 9966567
TI  - Preequilibrium (p,n) reaction as a probe for the effective nucleon-nucleon
      interaction in multistep direct processes.

PMID- 9966569
TI  - Optical-model analysis of 14N+12C and 12C+12C elastic scattering in the range
      Ec.m.=35 to 63 MeV.

PMID- 9966568
TI  - 12C-12C potential by inversion.

PMID- 9966570
TI  - Yrast transition strengths in 76Br.

PMID- 9966571
TI  - Reaction mechanisms and their interaction time in dissipative heavy-ion
      collisions.

PMID- 9966572
TI  - Lifetimes of high spin states in 181Ir and 180Os.

PMID- 9966573
TI  - Spin dependence of the giant-dipole-resonance strength function in highly excited
      nuclei in the mass region A=39-45.

PMID- 9966575
TI  - Distribution of cluster sizes from evaporation to total multifragmentation.

PMID- 9966574
TI  - Heavy actinide production from the interactions of 40Ar with 248Cm and a
      comparison with the 44Ca-248Cm system.

PMID- 9966576
TI  - Deformation effects in the compound nucleus decay using the spin-alignment
      method.

PMID- 9966577
TI  - Angular momentum dependent absorption in 6Li scattering.

PMID- 9966578
TI  - Nucleon momentum distribution in colliding nuclei and potential between excited
      nuclei studied with the Vlasov equation.

PMID- 9966579
TI  - Nuclear friction and chaotic motion.

PMID- 9966580
TI  - Search for valence proton effects in sub-barrier fusion reactions.

PMID- 9966582
TI  - Nonrelativistic full-folding model of nucleon elastic scattering at intermediate
      energies.

PMID- 9966581
TI  - Prescission and postscission neutrons from the reactions p+235,236,238U with Ep
      <= 25.6 MeV.

PMID- 9966583
TI  - Absolute differential cross sections for pi +/-p elastic scattering at 30 <= T pi
      <= 67 MeV.

PMID- 9966585
TI  - Theory of deep-inelastic scattering from light nuclei.

PMID- 9966584
TI  - Reaction 58Ni( pi +,pp) at T pi +=160 MeV.

PMID- 9966586
TI  - Asymmetry in deep-inelastic scattering of polarized leptons from polarized 2H and
      3He.

PMID- 9966588
TI  - Full folding calculations for proton-nucleus elastic scattering at intermediate
      energies.

PMID- 9966587
TI  - Analysis of pion scattering to stretched states in 60Ni and other nuclei using
      Woods-Saxon wave functions.

PMID- 9966589
TI  - Parity-violating asymmetry in p

PMID- 9966590
TI  - Theory of the isotensor term in the pion-nucleus optical potential.

PMID- 9966591
TI  - Correlation observables in (p,p' gamma ) reactions.

PMID- 9966592
TI  - Single pion production in nucleon-nucleon collisions.

PMID- 9966593
TI  - Separable nucleon-nucleon potential with delta isobar degrees of freedom.

PMID- 9966595
TI  - Directional correlations of gamma transitions in 142Ce.

PMID- 9966594
TI  - Pion-nucleus scattering around the (3,3) resonance.

PMID- 9966596
TI  - Half-lives of 44Ti and 207Bi.

PMID- 9966597
TI  - Energy levels and transition probabilities in the neutron-rich lanthanide nucleus
      156Sm.

PMID- 9966598
TI  - Time-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximation and nonintegrable quantum
      phase.

PMID- 9966600
TI  - Uncertainties in the two-nucleon potential and nuclear matter predictions.

PMID- 9966599
TI  - Pair condensates in realistic shell model states. I. 56Fe and 58Fe.

PMID- 9966602
TI  - Electromagnetic properties of some positive parity dipole states described in
      terms of quadrupole and octupole interacting bosons.

PMID- 9966601
TI  - Quark-meson model for nuclear force.

PMID- 9966603
TI  - Tensor coupling of the rho meson in a chiral confining model.

PMID- 9966604
TI  - Influence of symmetry-conserving higher order interactions in the interacting
      boson model on the first beta and gamma band in rotational nuclei.

PMID- 9966605
TI  - Mixed-symmetry states in 144Nd: Semimicroscopic accounting within the cluster
      vibration model and its mapping into the interacting boson model.

PMID- 9966606
TI  - Quantum chaos for exact and broken K quantum number in the interacting-boson
      model.

PMID- 9966607
TI  - Exclusive photonuclear reactions and asymptotic scaling.

PMID- 9966608
TI  - Transition strengths in 79Sr.

PMID- 9966610
TI  - Z dependence of Coulomb dissociation cross sections in heavy ion reactions.

PMID- 9966609
TI  - New test of the excited state population method for measurements of nuclear
      temperatures.

PMID- 9966611
TI  - 0

PMID- 9966612
TI  - Measurement of the half-life of 8Li.

PMID- 9966613
TI  - Experimental examination of the lowest alpha cluster states in 44Ti.

PMID- 9966615
TI  - Revised width for the 13C(p, gamma )14N resonance at 550 keV.

PMID- 9966616
TI  - "Missing" 19/2(+) states in 141Pr and 143Pm.

PMID- 9966614
TI  - alpha -transfer contribution to 9Be+13C elastic and inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9966618
TI  - Deuteron form factors and the short-range structure of the deuteron.

PMID- 9966617
TI  - Isospin breaking in the analyzing power of 3H(3He,2H)4He and the inverse
      reaction.

PMID- 9966619
TI  - Cascade calculation of subthreshold pi 0 production.

PMID- 9966620
TI  - Quasifree production of Sigma 's in the reaction 12C(K-, pi +).

PMID- 9966621
TI  - Optical model calculations of large-angle excitation functions for pion-nucleus
      scattering.

PMID- 9966623
TI  - Dynamical scaling in multifragmentation reactions.

PMID- 9966622
TI  - Thermal decay rate of multidimensional fission under a nonlinear coupling.

PMID- 9966624
TI  - One-quasiparticle coupling to a Bohr core.

PMID- 9966625
TI  - Influence of shell effects and stable octupole deformation on the E1 and E2
      transition rates in the heavy-Ba region.

PMID- 9966626
TI  - Nucleon spectral function in complex nuclei and nuclear matter and inclusive
      quasielastic electron scattering.

PMID- 9966627
TI  - Imaginary part of the nucleon self-energy in a relativistic field theory.

PMID- 9966628
TI  - Microscopic study of the 238U-238U system and anomalous pair production.

PMID- 9966629
TI  - Scattering of polarized protons from 6Li at 200 MeV.

PMID- 9966630
TI  - Effective interactions and nuclear structure using 180 MeV protons. I. 16O(p,p').

PMID- 9966631
TI  - Effective interactions and nuclear structure using 180 MeV protons. II.
      28Si(p,p').

PMID- 9966632
TI  - Effective interactions and nuclear structure using 180 MeV protons. III.
      30Si(p,p').

PMID- 9966633
TI  - Predictions of the Paris N-N potential for three-nucleon continuum observables:
      Comparison of two approaches.

PMID- 9966634
TI  - Upper limits to fusion rates of isotopic hydrogen molecules in Pd.

PMID- 9966635
TI  - Zero-degree cross sections for the 7Li(p,n)7Be(g.s.+0.43-MeV) reaction in the
      energy range 80-795 MeV.

PMID- 9966636
TI  - 12C(n, gamma 0)13C cross section in the 8-11 MeV region.

PMID- 9966638
TI  - Light fragment emission as studied by the (p,pHe) reactions on Be and Ag with 300
      MeV protons.

PMID- 9966637
TI  - Collective doorway configurations in 49Ca through neutron scattering on 48Ca.

PMID- 9966639
TI  - Electron scattering from 92Mo.

PMID- 9966641
TI  - Treatment of the Coulomb interaction in momentum space calculations of proton
      elastic scattering.

PMID- 9966640
TI  - Limitation of the linear momentum transfer in 4He+59Co collisions.

PMID- 9966642
TI  - Excitation and fission decay of 238U using the (17O,17O') reaction.

PMID- 9966643
TI  - Rotational bands in 135Ce: Collective prolate and oblate rotation.

PMID- 9966645
TI  - Electromagnetic dissociation of relativistic heavy ions.

PMID- 9966644
TI  - Breakup of the projectile at 35 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9966646
TI  - Search for a valence-neutron-induced enhancement in the sub-barrier fusion of
      32S+12,13C.

PMID- 9966647
TI  - Quasiparticle alignment in the most deformed krypton isotope 74Kr.

PMID- 9966648
TI  - Spin alignment and resonance behavior in the 24Mg+24Mg system.

PMID- 9966649
TI  - High-spin states in doubly odd 122Cs.

PMID- 9966650
TI  - One-nucleon-transfer reactions induced by 20Ne at 500 and 600 MeV.

PMID- 9966651
TI  - Investigation of spin-isospin strength in 48Ca-->48Sc and 90Zr-->90Nb using the
      (6Li,6He) reaction.

PMID- 9966653
TI  - np phase shifts, 142 to 800 MeV.

PMID- 9966652
TI  - Sub-barrier fusion in a macroscopic model of nuclear shape evolutions.

PMID- 9966654
TI  - Bound states, resonances, and poles in low-energy K-barN interaction models.

PMID- 9966655
TI  - Investigating fundamental antiproton-nucleon interactions by means of p-bar
      nucleus elastic scattering.

PMID- 9966657
TI  - Global Dirac optical potentials for elastic proton scattering from heavy nuclei.

PMID- 9966656
TI  - Analyzing power measurement for forward angle n-p scattering at 790 MeV.

PMID- 9966658
TI  - Structure functions of nuclei in the "instant" form of dynamics.

PMID- 9966660
TI  - Superratio and the simple ratios of pi + and pi - elastic scattering on 3H and
      3He at 180 MeV to investigate charge symmetry.

PMID- 9966659
TI  - Nuclear charge symmetry breaking and quantum-chromodynamically-induced
      corrections to quantum electrodynamics.

PMID- 9966662
TI  - Hypertriton: Lambda Sigma conversion and tensor forces.

PMID- 9966661
TI  - Electroexcitation of the N* (1440) in the relativistic constituent quark model.

PMID- 9966663
TI  - Negative pion-nucleus elastic scattering at 30 and 50 MeV.

PMID- 9966664
TI  - Three-spin measurements in pp-->pp at 730 MeV.

PMID- 9966665
TI  - Effective interactions for nucleon-nucleus scattering above 300 MeV.

PMID- 9966667
TI  - Off-shell form factors and low energy theorems for pion photoproduction.

PMID- 9966666
TI  - Spin-flip isovector giant resonances from the 90Zr(n,p)90Y reaction at 198 MeV.

PMID- 9966668
TI  - Momentum-space analysis of the nuclear partial transitions in the charged pion
      photoproduction.

PMID- 9966669
TI  - Half-life of 176Lu.

PMID- 9966670
TI  - Systematics of nuclear ground state properties in 78-100Sr by laser spectroscopy.

PMID- 9966671
TI  - Negative-parity states of odd Xe and Ba isotopes in the interacting boson-fermion
      model.

PMID- 9966672
TI  - Nuclear Ramsauer effect and the isovector potential.

PMID- 9966673
TI  - K pi =0(+) band moment of inertia anomaly.

PMID- 9966675
TI  - (6Li,6He) reaction and Gamow-Teller beta decay.

PMID- 9966674
TI  - Masses of stable xenon isotopes: Check for internal consistency via ion cyclotron
      resonance mass spectrometry.

PMID- 9966676
TI  - Analyzing power measurements for elastic scattering of 17 MeV neutrons from
      120Sn.

PMID- 9966678
TI  - Shape difference implied by quenched Coriolis interaction in 175Os.

PMID- 9966677
TI  - 12C(28Si,X)11C cross section at 13.4 GeV nucleon.

PMID- 9966680
TI  - Electrodisintegration of the deuteron in nuclear reactions.

PMID- 9966679
TI  - SU(3) limit of the interacting boson model as a 1/N expansion.

PMID- 9966681
TI  - Dispersive contribution to 6Li+12C, 58Ni real potential.

PMID- 9966682
TI  - Erratum: Photodisintegration of the deuteron with elliptically polarized gamma
      rays

PMID- 9966683
TI  - Transverse electrodisintegration of the deuteron in the threshold region at high
      Q2.

PMID- 9966684
TI  - 34 micros isomer at high spin in 212Fr: Evidence for a many-particle octupole
      coupled state.

PMID- 9966685
TI  - Disappearance of flow and its relevance to nuclear matter physics.

PMID- 9966686
TI  - Azimuthal distributions of fission fragments and alpha particles emitted in the
      reactions 36Ar+238U at E/A=20 and 35 MeV and 14N+238U at E/A=50 MeV.

PMID- 9966688
TI  - Limits on neutron emission from "cold fusion" in metal hydrides.

PMID- 9966687
TI  - 0 degrees polarization transfer in H2(p-vector,n-vector)pp at 54 and 71 MeV.

PMID- 9966690
TI  - Self-consistent approximation to the solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation.

PMID- 9966689
TI  - Measurements of the deuteron and proton magnetic form factors at large momentum
      transfers.

PMID- 9966692
TI  - 3He(e,e'p)2H breakup process.

PMID- 9966691
TI  - Theoretical analysis of two-body electrodisintegration of 3He.

PMID- 9966693
TI  - Kaon photoproduction: Data consistency, coupling constants, and polarization
      observables.

PMID- 9966695
TI  - Inclusive annihilation of antiprotons on deuterium.

PMID- 9966694
TI  - Analytical model for the triton asymptotic D-state parameters.

PMID- 9966696
TI  - Complex local potential by Marchenko inversion of partly real and partly complex
      phase shift.

PMID- 9966698
TI  - 9Be(t,p)11Be and the structure of 11Be.

PMID- 9966697
TI  - Anomalous signature-dependence of rotational bands in odd-A nuclei explained in
      terms of gamma vibration.

PMID- 9966699
TI  - Excited states in 140Sm above the ( pi h11/2)2 and ( nu h11/2)-2 10(+) isomers.

PMID- 9966701
TI  - Higher excitation levels of B11 via the B10(n,n)B10 and B10(n,n')B10* (0.72,
      1.74, 2.15, 3.59, 4.77 MeV) reactions.

PMID- 9966700
TI  - Nuclear charge radii of the tin isotopes from muonic atoms.

PMID- 9966702
TI  - M1 and E2 strength functions of barium from thermal neutron capture.

PMID- 9966704
TI  - Microscopic calculation of K-bar atomic and Lambda * hypernuclear carbon.

PMID- 9966703
TI  - Odd-odd interacting-boson-approximation calculations: Experimental agreement for
      doubly decoupled and highly distorted bands in 176-180Re.

PMID- 9966705
TI  - Semiclassical description of the scissors mode: Possible improvements and
      intrinsic limitations.

PMID- 9966707
TI  - Shell model calculations for levels and transition rates in 204Pb and 206Pb.

PMID- 9966706
TI  - Instability of infinite nuclear matter in the relativistic Hartree approximation.

PMID- 9966709
TI  - Effective boson number calculations near the Z=64 subshell.

PMID- 9966708
TI  - Linearized Schrodinger equation for nuclear quadrupole surface vibrations.

PMID- 9966711
TI  - Cross sections of neon isotopes induced by 5, 7, 16, and 19 MeV neutrons.

PMID- 9966710
TI  - Self-consistent semiclassical sum rule approach and the properties of giant
      resonances.

PMID- 9966712
TI  - Quasifree knockout of charged particles from 4He with 100 MeV protons.

PMID- 9966713
TI  - Multifragment emission in reactions of 84Kr on Ag and Au at 17.7, 27, and 35
      MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9966714
TI  - Elastic and inelastic scattering of 36Ar on 208Pb at 575 MeV beam energy.

PMID- 9966715
TI  - Pre-scission 4He multiplicity in the 19F+197Au reaction.

PMID- 9966717
TI  - Excitation functions and isomeric cross-section ratios for the 90Zr(n,p)90Ym,g
      and 91Zr(n,p)91Ym,g processes.

PMID- 9966716
TI  - Effect of the entrance channel mass asymmetry on the limitation of light heavy
      ion fusion cross sections.

PMID- 9966718
TI  - Test of distorted wave kinematic coupling approximation calculations for knockout
      reactions.

PMID- 9966719
TI  - Accuracy of the Vlasov-Nordheim approximation in the classical limit.

PMID- 9966720
TI  - Quantum molecular dynamics study of fusion and its fade out in the 16O+16O
      system.

PMID- 9966721
TI  - Diffraction theory of scattering by rotating nuclei.

PMID- 9966722
TI  - Equivalence between deep energy-dependent and shallow angular-momentum-dependent
      potentials.

PMID- 9966724
TI  - Relativistic analysis of meson exchange currents in elastic electron-deuteron
      scattering.

PMID- 9966723
TI  - Asymmetry in inclusive polarized electron scattering from polarized nuclei: Sum
      rule approach.

PMID- 9966726
TI  - Measurement of inclusive 12C(e,p) cross sections.

PMID- 9966725
TI  - Neutron-triton cross sections and scattering lengths obtained from p-3He
      scattering.

PMID- 9966727
TI  - Determination of the absorption mechanism in photon-induced pre-equilibrium
      reactions.

PMID- 9966729
TI  - Cross section for the 27Al(p,2 pi +)28Mg reaction at 800 MeV.

PMID- 9966728
TI  - 4Lig.s. formation in the 3He+p+n reaction.

PMID- 9966730
TI  - Fragment mass and kinetic energy distributions for the photofission of 234U with
      12-, 15-, and 20-MeV bremsstrahlung.

PMID- 9966731
TI  - Density dependent interaction applied to low-multipole (p,p') and (p,n)
      transitions in light nuclei.

PMID- 9966733
TI  - Comment on "Wave function of 14N"

PMID- 9966732
TI  - Rotational symmetry in the relativistic constituent quark model.

PMID- 9966734
TI  - Erratum: Operator expansion method and the double beta decay of 48Ca

PMID- 9966735
TI  - 2H(p,2p)n reaction at 508 MeV: Recoil momentum >200 MeV/c.

PMID- 9966737
TI  - Reaction 52Cr(p, gamma )53Mn from 1.38 to 1.66 MeV.

PMID- 9966736
TI  - Effects of short range Delta N interaction on observables of the pi NN system.

PMID- 9966738
TI  - Rotational band structures in doubly odd 138Pm.

PMID- 9966739
TI  - Structure of 4Li and 4He observed in the 1H( alpha,3He p)n reaction.

PMID- 9966741
TI  - Evidence for the contribution of 0f5/2,1p3/2 proton excitations in the low-lying
      states in 92,94Zr.

PMID- 9966740
TI  - Determination of 181Re and 181Os atomic masses from the 185Re( alpha,8He)181Re
      reaction.

PMID- 9966742
TI  - Reinvestigation of 56Ni decay.

PMID- 9966743
TI  - Lifetimes of the lowest 5/2(+) and 9/2(+) states in the mirror nuclei 23Na-23Mg.

PMID- 9966744
TI  - Some aspects of the 111Cd level scheme.

PMID- 9966745
TI  - Lifetime measurements in 75Kr and systematic study of krypton isotopes.

PMID- 9966747
TI  - Quantum extension of the Vlasov method.

PMID- 9966746
TI  - Electromagnetic form factors for an off-shell nucleon in a vector meson dominance
      model.

PMID- 9966749
TI  - Neutron hole strength distribution of the 2f7/2 state of 207Pb.

PMID- 9966748
TI  - Centroids of effective interactions from measured single-particle energies: An
      application.

PMID- 9966750
TI  - Validity of the adiabatic rotational model in the case of the hexadecupole
      operator.

PMID- 9966752
TI  - Role of nuclear densities in nucleon elastic scattering.

PMID- 9966751
TI  - Squeeze-out of nuclear matter as a function of projectile energy and mass.

PMID- 9966753
TI  - Comparison of Dirac and Schrodinger descriptions of spin observables for proton
      nucleus elastic scattering at 650 and 800 MeV.

PMID- 9966754
TI  - Rapid massive cluster formation.

PMID- 9966755
TI  - Systematics of alpha decay half-lives.

PMID- 9966757
TI  - Production of pionic atoms with the ( pi -, pi +) reaction.

PMID- 9966756
TI  - Calculations of complete fusion, incomplete fusion, and direct reaction cross
      sections for deuteron-induced reactions.

PMID- 9966758
TI  - Proton mean field in 40Ca between -60 MeV and +200 MeV deduced from a dispersive
      optical-model analysis.

PMID- 9966759
TI  - Transient behavior at deformations beyond saddle point and neutron multiplicity.

PMID- 9966760
TI  - Electric quadrupole excitations in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions.
AB  - Calculations are presented for electric quadrupole excitations in relativistic
      nucleus-nucleus collisions.  The theoretical results are compared to an extensive
      data set and it is found that electric quadrupole effects provide substantial
      corrections to cross sections, especially for heavier nuclei.

PMID- 9966761
TI  - Relativistic effects in proton-antiproton annihilation into two mesons.

PMID- 9966763
TI  - Proton-neutron symmetry in valence mirror nuclei.

PMID- 9966762
TI  - Isospin symmetry in nucleon scattering from 6Li and 12C at 280 MeV.

PMID- 9966764
TI  - Production of 14,15O, 18F, and 19Ne radioactive nuclei from (p,n) reactions up to
      30 MeV.

PMID- 9966766
TI  - Coulomb versus nuclear breakup in 11Li fragmentation.

PMID- 9966765
TI  - Low-energy reaction yields for 18O(p, gamma ) and 18O( alpha, gamma ).

PMID- 9966767
TI  - Non-octupole origin of the 51- state in 144Nd.

PMID- 9966768
TI  - 37Ca beta + decay and the efficiency of the 37Cl detector for high energy
      neutrinos.

PMID- 9966769
TI  - Energy dependence of cross section for charge pickup of relativistic heavy ions.

PMID- 9966770
TI  - Photoexcitation of low-lying dipole transitions in 236U.

PMID- 9966771
TI  - Radiative kaon capture on nuclei.

PMID- 9966772
TI  - Continuum analyzing power for 4He(p

PMID- 9966773
TI  - Absorptive model of kaon photoproduction.

PMID- 9966774
TI  - High spin core-excited isomers and octupole coupling in 213Rn.

PMID- 9966775
TI  - Applicability of truncation schemes in the cranked deformed shell model.

PMID- 9966776
TI  - Comment on "Monopole strength and shape coexistence in the A

PMID- 9966777
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Monopole strength and shape coexistence in the A

PMID- 9966778
TI  - Particle- gamma correlation determination of static quadrupole moments.

PMID- 9966779
TI  - Radiative kaon capture on deuterium and the Lambda n scattering lengths.

PMID- 9966780
TI  - Effects of nuclear deformation on 151,153Eu(p,n)151,153Gd reactions.

PMID- 9966781
TI  - Observation of narrow structures in the p-p elastic analyzing power.

PMID- 9966782
TI  - Nuclear polarization and magnetic resonance of unstable 170Tm with beta-ray
      radiation-detected optical pumping in solids.

PMID- 9966783
TI  - Onset of flow of charged fragments in Au-Au collisions.

PMID- 9966785
TI  - Additional evidence for the proposed excited state at <= 5 eV in 229Th.

PMID- 9966784
TI  - Possible cluster preformation in the 14C decay of 223Ra.

PMID- 9966787
TI  - Role of Levinson's theorem in neutron-deuteron quartet S-wave scattering.

PMID- 9966786
TI  - Fluctuation growth and spinodal decomposition in heavy ion reactions.

PMID- 9966788
TI  - Production of an isomeric, excited radioactive nuclear beam.

PMID- 9966789
TI  - Production of intense radioactive ion beams using two accelerators.

PMID- 9966790
TI  - 4He( pi, pi 'p)3H reaction: Quasifree and resonance scattering.

PMID- 9966791
TI  - Strong octupole and dipole collectivity in 96Zr: Indication for octupole
      instability in the A=100 mass region.

PMID- 9966792
TI  - Dissipative processes in light-heavy-ion-induced reactions and their time scales.

PMID- 9966793
TI  - Temperature dependence of fusion barriers.

PMID- 9966794
TI  - Contributions of l

PMID- 9966795
TI  - Bonn potential and electron-deuteron scattering at high momentum transfer.

PMID- 9966796
TI  - Radiative neutron capture on 3He.

PMID- 9966798
TI  - Relativistic treatment of the long wavelength limit for the photon and the
      multipole amplitudes of 2H( gamma,n)1H.

PMID- 9966797
TI  - Total cross section for the gamma d--> pi -pp reaction between 380 and 840 MeV.

PMID- 9966799
TI  - Effect of the nucleon-delta interaction on properties of the three-nucleon ground
      state.

PMID- 9966800
TI  - Linear relation between deuteron matter radius and the scattering length.

PMID- 9966801
TI  - Decay of 132Cs and nuclear structure of 132Xe.

PMID- 9966802
TI  - Rotational structures in 181,182,183Ir.

PMID- 9966803
TI  - Rotational band structures in 127Cs: Shape changes induced by h11/2 neutron
      alignment.

PMID- 9966804
TI  - Weak coupling in the odd-mass Xe nuclides: Decay of 6.2-h 127Cs to levels of odd
      neutron 127Xe.

PMID- 9966805
TI  - 17O(d

PMID- 9966807
TI  - Sub-barrier fusion of 37Cl with 58,60,62,64Ni.

PMID- 9966806
TI  - Gamow-Teller transition strengths from the 11B(p,n)11C reaction in the energy
      range 160-795 MeV.

PMID- 9966808
TI  - Structure of 76Zn from 76Cu decay and systematics of neutron-rich Zn nuclei.

PMID- 9966810
TI  - Kinetic approach to the damping of giant quadrupole resonances.

PMID- 9966809
TI  - Semiclassical simulation of finite nuclei.

PMID- 9966812
TI  - Nuclear shape coexistence in a schematic model.

PMID- 9966811
TI  - Exact effective potential for a scalar source coupled to the sine-Gordon model:
      Test of effective potentials for composite nucleons.

PMID- 9966813
TI  - Collective enhancement of nuclear level density in the interacting boson model.

PMID- 9966815
TI  - Superdeformed many-particle-many-hole states in N=Z nuclei: Beyond the 8p-8h
      state in 40Ca.

PMID- 9966814
TI  - Two- and four-quasiparticle states in the interacting boson model: Strong
      coupling and decoupled band patterns in the SU(3) limit.

PMID- 9966816
TI  - Search for photons from the decay of the delta resonance in heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9966818
TI  - Light fragments from 14N+Ag collisions at 35 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9966817
TI  - n+209Bi mean field between -20 and 60 MeV.

PMID- 9966819
TI  - Direct cluster transfer in 3He bombardment of 13C at sub-barrier energies.

PMID- 9966821
TI  - Cross section measurements of the pion single-charge-exchange reaction 12C( pi +,
      pi 0)12N(g.s.).

PMID- 9966820
TI  - Alpha-induced reactions on fissile nuclei at energies to 50 MeV.

PMID- 9966822
TI  - Inclusive neutron cross sections at forward angles from Nb-Nb and Au-Au
      collisions at 800 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9966823
TI  - Single-particle excitations in 89Y.

PMID- 9966824
TI  - Anomalous anisotropies of fission fragments for the 16O+232Th sub-barrier fusion
      fission reaction.

PMID- 9966825
TI  - Inverse reactions and the statistical evaporation model: Ingoing-wave boundary
      condition and optical models.

PMID- 9966826
TI  - Multistep compound nuclear reactions with giant resonances as doorway states.

PMID- 9966827
TI  - Description of heavy ion collisions including the cascading of secondaries.

PMID- 9966828
TI  - Measurement of the asymmetry parameter for 29P beta decay.

PMID- 9966829
TI  - Shell-model calculation for two-neutrino double beta decay of 48Ca.

PMID- 9966831
TI  - Identification of 186Au alpha activity.

PMID- 9966830
TI  - New nucleus 142Xe: Test of the NpNn scheme.

PMID- 9966832
TI  - Experiment to detect quark effects in nuclei.

PMID- 9966833
TI  - Comparison of Schrodinger and Dirac coupled-channels analyses of the
      28Si(p,p')28Si reaction at 500 MeV.

PMID- 9966834
TI  - Canonicity condition in adiabatic time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory.

PMID- 9966835
TI  - Integral representation for off-shell Jost functions.

PMID- 9966836
TI  - Method for nonlocal optical model calculations.

PMID- 9966837
TI  - Comment on "testing" the Gamow-Teller sum rule.

PMID- 9966838
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'testing' the Gamow-Teller sum rule"

PMID- 9966839
TI  - Comment on "Spin density and the real part of the heavy-ion potential"

PMID- 9966840
TI  - Erratum: Heat partition in the E/A=8.5 MeV 74Ge+165Ho reaction

PMID- 9966841
TI  - Erratum: Dipole strength function in 11Li

PMID- 9966842
TI  - Erratum: Microscopic calculation of bremsstrahlung emission in 3He+ alpha
      collisions

PMID- 9966843
TI  - 3H(p, gamma )4He reaction and the ( gamma,p)/( gamma,n) ratio in 4He.

PMID- 9966844
TI  - Decay of the neutron-rich isotope 171Ho and the identification of 169Dy.

PMID- 9966845
TI  - Identification of the pi g9/2 band in 67As.

PMID- 9966846
TI  - First observation of absorption of real photons by T=1 p-n pairs in the (
      gamma,p) reaction.

PMID- 9966847
TI  - Octupole correlation effects in 151Pm.

PMID- 9966848
TI  - Pre-scission 1H and 4He emissions in 16O+197Au reaction.

PMID- 9966850
TI  - One-boson-exchange potential based on a soft pion form factor.

PMID- 9966849
TI  - Shape changes in N=Z nuclei from germanium to zirconium.

PMID- 9966851
TI  - Elastic-scattering angular distributions for 40Ca+48Ca near the Coulomb barrier.

PMID- 9966852
TI  - Isospin forbidden E1 transitions in 16O and 40Ca and the applicability of
      Siegert's theorem.

PMID- 9966853
TI  - Annihilation shifts and widths of the p-bar-d atomic levels.

PMID- 9966855
TI  - Two-deuteron radiative capture: Polarization observables at Ed <= 15 MeV.

PMID- 9966854
TI  - n-p mass difference and charge-symmetry breaking in the trinucleons.

PMID- 9966856
TI  - Relativistic potential model of proton-proton scattering spin observables.

PMID- 9966857
TI  - Magnetic moment interaction in nucleon-nucleon phase-shift analyses.

PMID- 9966858
TI  - Triton asymptotic normalization constants by the hyperspherical harmonics
      expansion method.

PMID- 9966860
TI  - New "Octupole-driving particle numbers" from examination of 31- state energies.

PMID- 9966859
TI  - Shape coexistence and octupole vibrations in 74Se.

PMID- 9966861
TI  - Transitional nuclei in the rare-earth region: Energy levels and structure of
      130,132Ce, 132,134Nd, and 134Pm, via beta decay of 130,132Pr, 132,134Pm, and
      134Sm.

PMID- 9966862
TI  - Spectroscopy of positive parity states in 26Mg and 26Al via the ( alpha,3He) and
      ( alpha,t) reactions.

PMID- 9966863
TI  - Two-proton transfer reactions on even Ni and Zn isotopes.

PMID- 9966865
TI  - Finite temperature random phase approximation with the inclusion of scattering
      terms.

PMID- 9966864
TI  - Level structures of 119Te and 121Te populated in the decay of 119I and 121I.

PMID- 9966867
TI  - Particle-hole symmetry and meson exchange corrections to the 6He beta decay
      amplitude.

PMID- 9966866
TI  - Translationally invariant coupled cluster theory for simple finite systems.

PMID- 9966868
TI  - Band structure in 95Ru.

PMID- 9966869
TI  - Systematic dependence of the gamma -g B(E2) ratios on the NpNn product.

PMID- 9966870
TI  - Scissor mode applied to the yrast band of the rare-earth nuclei.

PMID- 9966871
TI  - Coriolis attenuation in the A

PMID- 9966873
TI  - Microscopic interpretation of inelastic electron scattering from even Ni
      isotopes.

PMID- 9966872
TI  - Further evaluation of the fitted Nilsson parameters in the A

PMID- 9966874
TI  - Effects of isoscalar admixtures on the combined analysis of electron-nucleus and
      proton-nucleus "scissors mode" excitations in the f-p shell.

PMID- 9966875
TI  - Nuclear equation of state with derivative scalar coupling.

PMID- 9966876
TI  - Model of a superconducting phase transition.

PMID- 9966877
TI  - Competition between alpha clustering and the spin-orbit force in the ground bands
      of 8Be, 20Ne, and 44Ti.

PMID- 9966878
TI  - Dynamics of band crossings in the yrast bands of 184Pt and 186Pt.

PMID- 9966879
TI  - Test of the adequacy of using smoothly joined parabolic segments to parametrize
      the multihumped fission barriers in actinides.

PMID- 9966881
TI  - Magnetic dipole strength functions in heavy deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9966880
TI  - Extension of multiphonon theory to odd-mass nuclei.

PMID- 9966882
TI  - Decay of 156Er compound nucleus.

PMID- 9966883
TI  - Electron-capture-delayed fission properties of 232Am.

PMID- 9966884
TI  - Charge and mass distributions in strongly damped reactions of 58Ni+165Ho at 16
      MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9966886
TI  - Very-high-energy light charged-particle production near 0 degrees in heavy-ion
      collisions, 9 <= E/A <= 40 MeV.

PMID- 9966885
TI  - Systematics of pion absorption on 6Li.

PMID- 9966888
TI  - Activation cross section and isomeric cross-section ratio for the
      46Ti(n,p)46Scm,g process.

PMID- 9966887
TI  - Sub-barrier fusion and elastic scattering in S+Ni systems.

PMID- 9966889
TI  - Barium and xenon isotope yields in photopion reactions of 133Cs.

PMID- 9966890
TI  - Proton emission cross sections of silicon isotopes.

PMID- 9966891
TI  - Multiparticle interactions in backward proton production, subthreshold antiproton
      production, and inclusive electron scattering from nuclei.

PMID- 9966892
TI  - Conservation laws and nuclear transport models.

PMID- 9966893
TI  - K-matrix analysis of resonance nuclear reactions.

PMID- 9966894
TI  - Comparison of relativistic and nonrelativistic approaches to the collective model
      treatment of p+40Ca inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9966895
TI  - Cascade statistical model for nucleon-induced reactions on light nuclei in the
      energy range 50 MeV-1 GeV.

PMID- 9966896
TI  - Validity of on-shell distortion factors for NN--> pi d.

PMID- 9966897
TI  - Schematic model for nuclear molecules as doorway states for fusion.

PMID- 9966899
TI  - Tensor interaction effects in the 4He(2H, gamma )6Li capture reaction.

PMID- 9966898
TI  - Branching ratios in low-energy deuteron-induced reactions.

PMID- 9966900
TI  - Gamma-ray emission from multistep compound reactions.

PMID- 9966901
TI  - Quark cluster model for deep-inelastic lepton-deuteron scattering.

PMID- 9966902
TI  - Covariant multiple scattering series for elastic projectile-target scattering.

PMID- 9966904
TI  - Tests of fundamental symmetries on isolated compound-nucleus resonances.

PMID- 9966903
TI  - Weak interaction processes on deuterium: Muon capture and neutrino reactions.

PMID- 9966905
TI  - Measurements of keV neutron capture cross sections with a 4 pi barium fluoride
      detector: Examples of 93Nb, 103Rh, and 181Ta.

PMID- 9966907
TI  - Target fragment mass distribution for the reaction of 13.3 GeV/nucleon 28Si with
      197Au.

PMID- 9966906
TI  - Analyzing power measurements in pn--> pi -pp(1S0).

PMID- 9966908
TI  - Mean free paths of multiple helium fragments produced by 32S at 6.4 TeV.

PMID- 9966910
TI  - Deuteron photodisintegration and quark models.

PMID- 9966909
TI  - Determination of the impact parameter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9966911
TI  - Semistatistical model for 12C+12C reaction cross sections below the Coulomb
      barrier.

PMID- 9966912
TI  - Inclusion of temperature dependence of fission barriers in statistical model
      calculations.

PMID- 9966913
TI  - Single nucleon emission in relativistic nucleus-nucleus reactions.
AB  - Significant discrepancies between theory and experiment have previously been
      noted for nucleon emission via electromagnetic processes in relativistic nucleus
      nucleus collisions.  The present work investigates the hypothesis that these
      discrepancies have arisen due to uncertainties about how to deduce the
      experimental electromagnetic cross section from the total measured cross section.
      An optical-model calculation of single neutron removal is added to
      electromagnetic cross sections and compared to the total experimental cross
      sections.  Good agreement is found thereby resolving some of the earlier noted
      discrepancies.  A detailed comparison to the recent work of Benesh, Cook, and
      Vary is made for both the impact parameter and the nuclear cross section.  Good
      agreement is obtained giving an independent confirmation of the parametrized
      formulas developed by those authors.

PMID- 9966914
TI  - Effect of quark antisymmetrization on the binding energy of nuclear matter.

PMID- 9966917
TI  - High-energy gamma emission in heavy-ion collisions at 9-14 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9966916
TI  - Decay studies of the neutron-rich isotopes 168Dy and 168Hog and the
      identification of the new isomer 168Hom.

PMID- 9966915
TI  - Erratum: Nonrelativistic full-folding model of nucleon elastic scattering at
      intermediate energies

PMID- 9966918
TI  - Lifetime measurements in 135Sm: Large deformation in the N=6 intruder band and
      evidence for quenched proton pairing.

PMID- 9966919
TI  - Energy and flux limits of cold-fusion neutrons using a deuterated liquid
      scintillator.

PMID- 9966920
TI  - Resonant excitation of the reaction 180Tam( gamma, gamma ')180Ta.

PMID- 9966921
TI  - Observation of excited proton and neutron configurations in the superdeformed
      149Gd nucleus.

PMID- 9966922
TI  - Coupling schemes in doubly odd nuclei and identical superdeformed bands.

PMID- 9966923
TI  - Relativistic off-shell analysis of elastic scattering of 200 MeV protons by 40Ca.

PMID- 9966924
TI  - Nuclear level densities including thermal and quantal fluctuations.

PMID- 9966925
TI  - Shadowing effects in deep-inelastic lepton-nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9966926
TI  - Benchmark solutions for a model three-nucleon scattering problem.

PMID- 9966927
TI  - Comparison of the vector analyzing power iT11 for pi +/-d scattering at 180 MeV.

PMID- 9966928
TI  - Kinematically complete measurement of the pi +d--> pi 0pp charge-exchange
      reaction.

PMID- 9966930
TI  - Pion photoproduction resonance couplings in the second resonance region.

PMID- 9966931
TI  - rms radius of the deuteron.

PMID- 9966929
TI  - Partial-wave analysis of pion photoproduction.

PMID- 9966932
TI  - Parity violating nuclear force by meson mixing.

PMID- 9966933
TI  - Meson retardation, three-body forces, and medium modifications to the nucleon
      nucleon interaction.

PMID- 9966934
TI  - Determination of the S-wave scattering shape parameter P from the zero-energy
      wave function.

PMID- 9966935
TI  - Microscopic study of p+ alpha bremsstrahlung.

PMID- 9966936
TI  - Deuteron structure from (p,2p) and (d,p) breakup data at medium energies.

PMID- 9966937
TI  - Optical isotope shift and hyperfine structure measurements of 152,154-158,160Gd.

PMID- 9966938
TI  - Determination of 187Ir atomic mass by the 187Os(3He,t)187Ir reaction.

PMID- 9966939
TI  - Search for ground state proton emission from 65As and 69Br.

PMID- 9966941
TI  - Existence of alpha -cluster structure in 44Ti via the (6Li,d) reaction.

PMID- 9966940
TI  - Pion double charge exchange on T=2 nuclei in the Delta 3/2,3/2 resonance region.

PMID- 9966942
TI  - Uncommon decay branching ratios of spin-one states in the rare-earth region and
      evidence for K mixing.

PMID- 9966943
TI  - Proton core polarization in low-lying states of 86Sr.

PMID- 9966944
TI  - Coulomb excitation of 159Tb and the spectroscopy of the proton 3/2(+)

PMID- 9966945
TI  - Decay of 133Pr and structure of 133Ce.

PMID- 9966947
TI  - Relativistic nuclear structure. II. Finite nuclei.

PMID- 9966946
TI  - Relativistic nuclear structure. I. Nuclear matter.

PMID- 9966949
TI  - Fragmentation of the low energy octupole state and the systematic behavior of 31-
      states.

PMID- 9966948
TI  - Electromagnetic probes of nuclear structure: Sum rules, y scaling, and final
      state interactions.

PMID- 9966950
TI  - Relativistic spectral random-phase approximation in finite nuclei.

PMID- 9966951
TI  - Angular momentum projection in geometric interpretation of the interacting boson
      model.

PMID- 9966952
TI  - Fermion mapping of boson-fermion pairs.

PMID- 9966953
TI  - Consistent description of intruder states.

PMID- 9966954
TI  - Saturation in weakly coupled relativistic systems.

PMID- 9966955
TI  - p-shell nuclei in a (0+2)

PMID- 9966956
TI  - p-shell nuclei in a (0+2)

PMID- 9966958
TI  - Green's function derivation of the thermal random phase approximation equations
      in open shell systems.

PMID- 9966959
TI  - Angular momentum in sub-barrier fusion: Experimental study using the isomer ratio
      137Cem/137Ceg.

PMID- 9966957
TI  - Multichannel approach to the Glauber model for heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9966960
TI  - Dynamical effects on the de-excitation of hot nuclei with A

PMID- 9966962
TI  - Photofission of 238U with monochromatic gamma rays in the energy range 11-16 MeV.

PMID- 9966961
TI  - Spectral function of p-n pairs in 6Li, from the 6Li(p,p alpha )pn reaction at 200
      MeV.

PMID- 9966963
TI  - Extended sum-rule model view of light and intermediate mass fragment emission in
      nuclear reactions at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9966964
TI  - Hard photon emission in heavy-ion reactions.

PMID- 9966965
TI  - Polarized electron scattering from oriented nuclei in distorted-wave method.

PMID- 9966966
TI  - Elastic Coulomb scattering of heavy ions at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9966968
TI  - Effective hadron theories from a quark model in U(1) and SU(N) color.

PMID- 9966967
TI  - Dependence of physical observables on the incident energy in intermediate energy
      nucleus-nucleus collision.

PMID- 9966969
TI  - Neutron-proton mass difference in nuclei and the Okamoto-Nolen-Schiffer anomaly
      ly.

PMID- 9966971
TI  - Contribution of pi N--> Lambda K to subthreshold kaon production in heavy-ion
      collisions.

PMID- 9966972
TI  - Isospin in 17O( gamma,n0) reactions.

PMID- 9966970
TI  - Pion scattering from polarized 15N at T pi =164 MeV.

PMID- 9966973
TI  - Nuclear refraction in 14N+12C elastic scattering at E/A=20 MeV.

PMID- 9966974
TI  - Fission angular distributions for the systems 9Be+232Th, 235U.

PMID- 9966975
TI  - Nuclear tensor term in the relativistic impulse approximation for proton-nucleus
      elastic scattering.

PMID- 9966976
TI  - Gauge-invariant forms of the nonrelativistic Compton amplitude.

PMID- 9966977
TI  - Soft giant dipole mode of 11Li.

PMID- 9966978
TI  - Microscopic calculations of low-energy reaction cross sections.

PMID- 9966979
TI  - pi NN coupling, the pi N N- form factor, and the Goldberger-Treiman discrepancy.

PMID- 9966981
TI  - Spins in superdeformed bands in the mass 190 region.

PMID- 9966980
TI  - Charge dependence and electric quadrupole effects on single-nucleon removal in
      relativistic and intermediate energy nuclear collisions.
AB  - Single-nucleon removal in relativistic and intermediate energy nucleus-nucleus
      collisions is studied using a generalization of Weizsacker-Williams theory that
      treats each electromagnetic multipole separately.  Calculations are presented for
      electric dipole and quadrupole excitations and incorporate a realistic minimum
      impact parameter, Coulomb recoil corrections, and the uncertainties in the input
      photonuclear data.  Discrepancies are discussed.  The maximum quadrupole effect
      to be observed in future experiments is estimated and also an analysis of the
      charge dependence of the electromagnetic cross sections down to energies as low
      as 100 MeV/nucleon is made.

PMID- 9966983
TI  - Light-front Hamiltonian dynamics of proton-deuteron scattering.

PMID- 9966982
TI  - Phenomenological Delta -nucleus potential from inclusive electron-nucleus
      scattering data.

PMID- 9966986
TI  - Integrodifferential equation approach. I. Triton and alpha -particle binding
      energies.

PMID- 9966985
TI  - Does it make sense to talk about N Delta phase shifts?

PMID- 9966984
TI  - Neutron polarization in polarized 3He targets.

PMID- 9966987
TI  - N Delta interaction in pi d breakup.

PMID- 9966988
TI  - Quasielastic electron scattering on a two-nucleon model system: Scaling and
      cumulant expansion of the structure function.

PMID- 9966990
TI  - Nuclear spin response of 40Ca to 800 MeV polarized protons.

PMID- 9966989
TI  - Elastic magnetic electron scattering from 41Ca.

PMID- 9966991
TI  - Survey of the ( alpha,2He) reaction on fp-shell nuclei.

PMID- 9966992
TI  - Isospin character of the "isoscalar" giant quadrupole resonance in 118Sn.

PMID- 9966993
TI  - Transition strengths and deformation in 77Kr.

PMID- 9966994
TI  - Lifetimes of yrast J pi =16(+)-26(+) states in 130Ce.

PMID- 9966996
TI  - Nuclear ground-state correlations in the relativistic random-phase approximation.

PMID- 9966998
TI  - Pion-nucleus single-charge exchange above the resonance.

PMID- 9966999
TI  - Analytic formula for quadrupole-quadrupole matrix elements.

PMID- 9966997
TI  - Coulomb energy of a proton in the relativistic nuclear shell model.

PMID- 9967000
TI  - Multi-lambda hypernuclei and the equation of state of hypermatter.

PMID- 9966995
TI  - Structure and decay modes of antisymmetric beta vibrations in the O(6) limit of
      the neutron-proton interacting boson model.

PMID- 9967001
TI  - Core polarization effects on spin-dipole and first-forbidden beta -decay
      operators in the lead region.

PMID- 9967002
TI  - Neutron scattering from elemental indium: Optical model and bound-state
      potential.

PMID- 9967003
TI  - Systematic behavior of one- and two-nucleon transfer reactions induced by medium
      weight projectiles.

PMID- 9967005
TI  - Determination of the cross sections for the production of fragments from
      relativistic nucleus-nucleus interactions. II. Parametric fits.

PMID- 9967004
TI  - Determination of the cross sections for the production of fragments from
      relativistic nucleus-nucleus interactions. I. Measurements.

PMID- 9967006
TI  - Target fragmentation of Au and Th by 2.6 GeV protons.

PMID- 9967008
TI  - Nonlocal couplings, off-shell effects, and the nuclear response.

PMID- 9967007
TI  - Enhancement of the near-side component in quasiadiabatic calculations of the
      66Zn(d,p)67Zn reaction.

PMID- 9967009
TI  - Photoproduction of eta mesons from nuclei.

PMID- 9967011
TI  - Two-step processes and short-range correlations in the reaction 12C( gamma,p).

PMID- 9967010
TI  - Nucleus- Sigma potential.

PMID- 9967013
TI  - Saturation and nucleation in hot nuclear systems.

PMID- 9967012
TI  - Approximate treatment of the continuum.

PMID- 9967014
TI  - Multistep alpha-transfer and parity dependence in large angle scattering.

PMID- 9967015
TI  - Angular correlation of electrons and positrons in internal pair conversion.

PMID- 9967017
TI  - y scaling in the relativistic region.

PMID- 9967018
TI  - Contribution of meson exchange currents to pion double charge exchange at low
      energies.

PMID- 9967019
TI  - Quark shell model of nuclei and nuclear magnetic moments.

PMID- 9967016
TI  - Detailed predictions for two-pion correlations in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion
      collisions.

PMID- 9967020
TI  - Modified loop expansion for nuclear matter in a chiral model.

PMID- 9967021
TI  - Constituent quark model of the nucleon-nucleon interaction.

PMID- 9967022
TI  - Application of the constituent quark nucleon-nucleon interaction to the deuteron.

PMID- 9967024
TI  - Measurement of the half-life of 56Co.

PMID- 9967023
TI  - Phenomenological structure of the weak Lambda N-->NN interaction and the Delta
      I=1/2 rule.

PMID- 9967025
TI  - 22Ne(d,p)23Ne reaction and neutron balance in the s process.

PMID- 9967026
TI  - Intruder states in odd-mass Ag isotopes.

PMID- 9967028
TI  - Effect of high momenta on low energy scattering.

PMID- 9967029
TI  - Energy dependence of the nuclear level density at energies above 100 MeV.

PMID- 9967027
TI  - 116Sn from 116Cd( alpha,4n gamma ) reaction.

PMID- 9967030
TI  - Application of Vlasov approach to the soft giant dipole resonance in nucleus
      11Li.

PMID- 9967031
TI  - Test of the coupled channels model for sub-barrier fusion reactions.

PMID- 9967035
TI  - y scaling as a probe of nuclear light-cone dynamics.

PMID- 9967032
TI  - Erratum: Systematics of nuclear ground state properties in 78-100Sr by laser
      spectroscopy

PMID- 9967033
TI  - First measurement of B(E2) values from sigma <N states of an O(6) nucleus: Gamma
      ray-induced Doppler broadening studies in 196Pt.

PMID- 9967034
TI  - Search for resonances in the electron-positron annihilation-in-flight cross
      section between 1 and 4 MeV.

PMID- 9967037
TI  - Exact n-d scattering calculation with a separable expansion of the two-body t
      matrix.

PMID- 9967038
TI  - Shape transition region implied in the light Nb isotopes: Excited states in 83Nb.

PMID- 9967036
TI  - Heat partition in damped reactions.

PMID- 9967039
TI  - Branching ratio for 10C superallowed Fermi beta decay.

PMID- 9967041
TI  - Predictive power of supersymmetry in nuclear structure tested by pickup transfer
      reactions to 196Au.

PMID- 9967040
TI  - High-energy target excitations in heavy ion inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9967043
TI  - Integro-differential equation approach. II. Triton and alpha -particle wave
      functions, graphical plots.

PMID- 9967042
TI  - Double- beta -decay matrix elements.

PMID- 9967044
TI  - pi - absorption on the diproton in 3He.

PMID- 9967045
TI  - Gamow-Teller strength in the (p,n) reaction at 136 MeV on 20Ne, 24Mg, and 28Si.

PMID- 9967048
TI  - pi 0 decay process of Lambda 12C and Lambda 11B hypernuclei.

PMID- 9967047
TI  - Measurement of the electric polarizability of 3He.

PMID- 9967046
TI  - Proton inelastic scattering on the transitional nucleus 144Nd.

PMID- 9967049
TI  - Vector coherent state theory in new perspective: A hybrid mapping from fermion to
      fermion-boson space.

PMID- 9967050
TI  - Multiconfiguration resonating-group study of the six-nucleon system with cluster
      rearrangement and pseudo-inelastic configurations.

PMID- 9967051
TI  - Covariant Feynman rules at finite temperature: Application to nuclear matter.

PMID- 9967053
TI  - Nonaxial pearlike nuclear shapes.

PMID- 9967054
TI  - Variational Monte Carlo calculations for the binding energy of Lambda Lambda
      31Si.

PMID- 9967052
TI  - Level mixing spectroscopy.

PMID- 9967055
TI  - Generalized quantization formalism.

PMID- 9967057
TI  - Giant dipole resonances built on superdeformed rotational states.

PMID- 9967056
TI  - Cluster spectroscopic factor in the vibron model.

PMID- 9967058
TI  - Density matrix of relativistic nuclear matter.

PMID- 9967059
TI  - Statistical and microscopic description of energetic products in the reactions
      induced by 16O on 27Al, 58Ni, and 197Au at 94 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9967060
TI  - Isospin breaking effects in the reaction 4He(d,3He)3H at low energies.

PMID- 9967061
TI  - Search for high spin collective states in 12C*-->3 alpha.

PMID- 9967062
TI  - Measurement of spin observables in the 28Si(p

PMID- 9967063
TI  - Isovector giant quadrupole resonance observed in 30Si(p

PMID- 9967064
TI  - Nuclear response in the 54Fe(p

PMID- 9967065
TI  - Mass dependence of positive pion-induced fission.

PMID- 9967066
TI  - Equivalent Hamiltonians with additional discrete states.

PMID- 9967067
TI  - Systematic analysis of average angular momenta and cross sections in sub-barrier
      fusion.

PMID- 9967068
TI  - Reaction-mechanism study of the exclusive (p, Delta ++) process in nuclei.

PMID- 9967069
TI  - Charge-exchange effects in elastic scattering with radioactive beams.

PMID- 9967071
TI  - Absorption versus breakup in heavy-ion reactions.

PMID- 9967072
TI  - Dynamical model for heavy ion collisions with a single resonance.

PMID- 9967074
TI  - Semiclassical model for single-particle transitions in nucleus-nucleus
      interactions.

PMID- 9967073
TI  - Spin density contribution in heavy-ion interaction potentials using energy
      density formalism.

PMID- 9967070
TI  - Angular momentum and incident-energy dependence of nucleus-nucleus interaction.

PMID- 9967076
TI  - Ground-state widths of 5He and 5Li determined in the 3H(d, gamma )5He and the
      3He(d, gamma )5Li reactions.

PMID- 9967075
TI  - Meson exchange current effects on magnetic dipole moments of p-shell nuclei.

PMID- 9967077
TI  - 11B(7Li,t) and the (p, pi +) reaction.

PMID- 9967078
TI  - Observation of a minimum in collective flow for Ar+V collisions.

PMID- 9967079
TI  - Isospin and deformation splittings of the giant dipole resonance for triaxial
      nuclei.

PMID- 9967080
TI  - In-medium proton-neutron mass difference and the systematics of the Nolen
      Schiffer anomaly.

PMID- 9967081
TI  - Erratum: Relativistic multipole operators for semileptonic weak and
      electromagnetic nuclear reactions

PMID- 9967083
TI  - Reaction cross sections in the four-nucleon system with the multiconfiguration
      resonating-group method.

PMID- 9967084
TI  - Case for quasinuclear N-barN bound states.

PMID- 9967082
TI  - Two-neutron pairing enhancement factors.

PMID- 9967085
TI  - Nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9967086
TI  - Nonlocality and the radius of the deuteron.

PMID- 9967088
TI  - Threshold electrodisintegration and electromagnetic form factors of the deuteron.

PMID- 9967089
TI  - Crossing and duality consistent study of Lambda, Sigma 0, and Lambda (1405)
      production by kaon photoproduction and radiative capture.

PMID- 9967087
TI  - Kinematic factors in the theory of y scaling.

PMID- 9967091
TI  - Double K-shell vacancy production in the electron capture decay of 139Ce.

PMID- 9967090
TI  - Observation of spin-aligned secondary fragment beams of 14B.

PMID- 9967092
TI  - Deformation and signature splitting in 74Br.

PMID- 9967093
TI  - Shape coexistence in 190Hg.

PMID- 9967095
TI  - Total cross section and neutron resonance spectroscopy for n+40Ar.

PMID- 9967094
TI  - 18O( gamma,pn+np) cross section.

PMID- 9967096
TI  - Isospin forbidden ( alpha,d) transitions to the low-lying states in 26Al.

PMID- 9967098
TI  - Nearly complete level scheme of 116Sn below 4.3 MeV.

PMID- 9967097
TI  - Quadrupole moments of high spin isomers in 213Fr, 212Fr, and 211Fr.

PMID- 9967099
TI  - Low-lying collective quadrupole and octupole strengths in even-even nuclei.

PMID- 9967100
TI  - Many-body correlation effects on the longitudinal response in the quasielastic
      (e,e') reaction.

PMID- 9967102
TI  - Appraisal of the Kuo-Herling shell-model interaction and application to A=210-212
      nuclei.

PMID- 9967101
TI  - Variation of pairing correlations caused by nuclear rotation.

PMID- 9967103
TI  - Relativistic many-body theory of finite nuclei and the Schwinger-Dyson formalism.

PMID- 9967104
TI  - Calculation of yrast spectra in the doubly even cadmium isotopes.

PMID- 9967105
TI  - Distribution of spin dipole transition strength in the 15N(n,p)15C reaction.

PMID- 9967107
TI  - Determination of the nuclear level density at high excitation energy.

PMID- 9967106
TI  - Yield decomposition and excitation energy reconstruction in an incomplete fusion
      reaction.

PMID- 9967112
TI  - Mass, shell, and even-odd effects in radiative capture reaction.

PMID- 9967108
TI  - Preequilibrium proton emission induced by 80 and 120 MeV protons incident on
      90Zr.

PMID- 9967109
TI  - Fusion cross sections for 12C+128Te and the deduction of absolute average angular
      momenta.

PMID- 9967110
TI  - Continuum protons from 58Ni(p,p') at incident energies between 100 and 200 MeV.

PMID- 9967111
TI  - Spin distribution of the compound nucleus formed by 16O+154Sm.

PMID- 9967113
TI  - Time scales for binary fragmentations of highly excited, fissile nuclei from
      32S+197Au, 232Th.

PMID- 9967114
TI  - Excitation and multiple dissociation of 12C, 14N, and 16O projectiles in
      peripheral collisions at 32.5 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9967116
TI  - Scattering of 6He from 197Au, natTi, 27Al, natC, and 9Be at E=8-9 MeV.

PMID- 9967115
TI  - Measurement of the vector analyzing power iT11 in pi +-6Li

PMID- 9967118
TI  - Coulomb-dominated low-energy deuteron stripping.

PMID- 9967119
TI  - Electromagnetic production of polarization in hypernuclei.

PMID- 9967117
TI  - Pion double charge exchange on 42,44,48Ca for 300 <= T pi <= 550 MeV.

PMID- 9967120
TI  - Space-time evolution of nuclear reactions probed by two-proton intensity
      interferometry.

PMID- 9967122
TI  - Formal differences in perturbation methods for direct rearrangement collision
      processes.

PMID- 9967123
TI  - Coulomb correction to elastic alpha - alpha scattering.

PMID- 9967121
TI  - Implications of various spin-one relativistic wave equations for intermediate
      energy deuteron-nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9967124
TI  - Energy-dependent phase-shift analysis of 2H+4He scattering in the energy range
      0.87<Ed<5.24 MeV.

PMID- 9967125
TI  - Behavior of nuclear projectile fragments produced in collisions of 14.5A GeV 28Si
      with Pb and Cu targets.

PMID- 9967126
TI  - Nonleptonic weak decay of Lambda 5He and Lambda 12C.

PMID- 9967127
TI  - Delta contributions to the parity-violating nuclear interaction.

PMID- 9967128
TI  - Cross sections for 3H(7Li,n0)9Be and 3H(7Li,ntot).

PMID- 9967129
TI  - 11B+ alpha reaction rates and primordial nucleosynthesis.

PMID- 9967131
TI  - Effect of hexadecapole degrees of freedom on the ground and low spin structure of
      192Os.

PMID- 9967132
TI  - Effective potential of the Delta isobar in a background scalar field.

PMID- 9967130
TI  - Excitation of 123Tem and 125Tem through ( gamma, gamma ') reactions.

PMID- 9967134
TI  - Mean-field description of 11Li.

PMID- 9967133
TI  - Unified multifragmentation-evaporation nuclear reaction models.

PMID- 9967135
TI  - Technique for evaluating the optimal path in adiabatic time-dependent Hartree
      Fock theory.

PMID- 9967136
TI  - Erratum: Possible cluster preformation in the 14C decay of 223Ra

PMID- 9967137
TI  - Low-energy theorem for neutral pion photoproduction on a proton.

PMID- 9967138
TI  - Relativistic Coulomb fission.

PMID- 9967139
TI  - Pion absorption by 3He at the Delta -resonance energy.

PMID- 9967141
TI  - Variational Monte Carlo calculations of the 2H(d, gamma )4He reaction at low
      energies.

PMID- 9967142
TI  - Three-body problem with charged particles.

PMID- 9967143
TI  - Proton-4He potential derived from phase shifts.

PMID- 9967140
TI  - Search for T=2 dibaryons in the p

PMID- 9967144
TI  - Neutron radius analysis in the trinucleon system from pion scattering.

PMID- 9967145
TI  - Inclusive deuteron electrodisintegration with polarized electrons and a polarized
      target.

PMID- 9967146
TI  - Origin of phase patterns in pi d elastic scattering.

PMID- 9967148
TI  - Two-nucleon W matrices.

PMID- 9967147
TI  - Nucleon polarizabilities: Model study.

PMID- 9967151
TI  - Radiative strength functions of germanium from thermal neutron capture.

PMID- 9967150
TI  - Decay studies of neutron deficient nuclei near the Z=64 subshell: 142Dy,
      140,142Tb, 140,142Gd, 140,142Eu, 142Sm, and 142Pm.

PMID- 9967149
TI  - Pseudostate description of breakup in the coupled-reaction-channel method:
      Numerical study of nonorthogonality effects.

PMID- 9967152
TI  - Search for deeply bound pionic states in 208Pb using the 208Pb(n,p) reaction at
      Tn=418 MeV.

PMID- 9967153
TI  - Nucleon pairing in micro- capture by 40Ca.

PMID- 9967154
TI  - Analog of the T> giant dipole resonance in light nuclei.

PMID- 9967155
TI  - Neutron hole states in 89Zr via the (p

PMID- 9967156
TI  - Dynamical symmetry breaking and mean-field chaotic motions in nuclear many-body
      systems.

PMID- 9967157
TI  - Rainbow-shift mechanism behind discrete optical-potential ambiguities.

PMID- 9967158
TI  - y-scaling analysis of quasielastic electron scattering and nucleon momentum
      distributions in few-body systems, complex nuclei, and nuclear matter.

PMID- 9967159
TI  - Collective boson realization for the nuclear Sp(6) model.

PMID- 9967160
TI  - Hexadecapole systematics in the interacting boson model.

PMID- 9967161
TI  - Signature of cluster substructure: alpha +d spectroscopic factor of 6Li.

PMID- 9967162
TI  - Perturbative analysis of the energy-weighted sum rule of bilinear fermion
      operators.

PMID- 9967164
TI  - Microscopic aspects of the pairing rotation and pairing vibration.

PMID- 9967163
TI  - Microscopic aspects of the Bohr-Mottelson model.

PMID- 9967165
TI  - Microscopic aspects of the interacting boson model.

PMID- 9967166
TI  - Photoexcitation of nuclear isomers by ( gamma, gamma ') reactions.

PMID- 9967167
TI  - Effective interaction for 16O(p,p') at Ep=318 MeV.

PMID- 9967168
TI  - Trends in fragment heating in the damped reaction 165Ho+56Fe at 7.2 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9967169
TI  - Upper limits on emission of neutrons from Ti in pressurized D2 gas cells: A test
      of evidence for "cold fusion"

PMID- 9967170
TI  - Average reaction cross sections for 74- to 112-MeV alpha particles on 127I and
      133Cs.

PMID- 9967172
TI  - Multinucleon-transfer reactions for the 50Ti+93Nb system at sub- and near-barrier
      energies.

PMID- 9967171
TI  - Pion-induced double charge exchange on 12C, 24Mg, 32S, and 40Ca.

PMID- 9967173
TI  - Interaction of 8-46 MeV/nucleon 20Ne with Cu.

PMID- 9967174
TI  - Interpretation of ion-range recoil data obtained from activated-foil measurements
      of nuclear excitation functions.

PMID- 9967175
TI  - Resolution of the twofold ambiguity in the E1 capture amplitudes for the 13C(p

PMID- 9967176
TI  - Nuclear matter Ward identity and the theory of final-state interactions in
      inclusive and exclusive reactions.

PMID- 9967178
TI  - Relativistic proton-nucleus scattering and one-boson-exchange models.

PMID- 9967177
TI  - Optical model description of momentum transfer in relativistic heavy ion
      collisions.
AB  - An optical model description of momentum transfer in relativistic heavy ion
      collisions, based upon composite particle multiple-scattering theory, is
      presented.  The imaginary component of the complex momentum transfer, which comes
      from the absorptive part of the optical potential, is shown to be the main
      contributor to the momentum loss of the projectile.  Within the context of the
      Goldhaber formalism, predictions of fragment momentum distribution observables
      are made and compared with experimental data.  Use of the model as a tool for
      estimating collision impact parameters is also discussed.

PMID- 9967179
TI  - Analysis of low energy pi + scattering to second O+ states.

PMID- 9967180
TI  - Analysis of the optical potential with coupled-channel scattering equations:
      Energy dependence and coordinate-space behavior.

PMID- 9967182
TI  - Heavy-ion transverse energy production at 14.5 GeV/nucleon: Single or multiple
      scattering?

PMID- 9967181
TI  - Diffractive excitation of 14.6-, 60-, and 200-GeV/nucleon 16O and 14.6
      GeV/nucleon 28Si nuclei in nuclear emulsion.

PMID- 9967183
TI  - Radiative muon capture on carbon, oxygen, and calcium.

PMID- 9967184
TI  - Ordinary and radiative muon capture on 14N.

PMID- 9967185
TI  - Quasifree 12C( pi +,p) reaction and the pi N amplitude in nuclei.

PMID- 9967186
TI  - Pion double-charge-exchange reaction on 44Ca at 50 MeV.

PMID- 9967187
TI  - Lifetime measurement of the 21+ state in 152Nd and the B(E2;01+-->21+)
      systematics of the A

PMID- 9967188
TI  - Fission fragment angular distributions for the system 19F+232Th.

PMID- 9967189
TI  - Role of single-particle spectrum in the ring-diagram approach for nuclear matter.

PMID- 9967191
TI  - Interpretation of the fine structure in the 14C radioactive decay of 223Ra.

PMID- 9967190
TI  - Measuring the strangeness radius of the proton.

PMID- 9967193
TI  - Persistent success of the orbiting cluster model of heavy-ion resonances.

PMID- 9967192
TI  - Reaction calculations for 17O+12C including fusion within the molecular particle
      core model.

PMID- 9967194
TI  - beta + decays of very proton-rich sd-shell nuclei.

PMID- 9967195
TI  - Intermediate mass fragments emission in binary fragmentation model.

PMID- 9967196
TI  - Erratum: Polarization observables in deuteron photodisintegration and
      electrodisintegration

PMID- 9967199
TI  - Soft-photon analysis of pion-proton bremsstrahlung and the "experimental"
      magnetic moment of Delta ++(1232).

PMID- 9967198
TI  - Intruder bands as F-spin analog states.

PMID- 9967197
TI  - Observation of simultaneous g9/2 proton and neutron alignment in 74Kr.

PMID- 9967200
TI  - Unitarity consideration of pion production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9967201
TI  - How coherently do nuclei react to intense fields?

PMID- 9967202
TI  - Relativistic Hartree-Fock calculation of deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9967203
TI  - Physics of high-spin states in nuclei.

PMID- 9967204
TI  - Strong correlation and saturation of E2 and M1 transition strengths in even-even
      rare-earth nuclei.

PMID- 9967205
TI  - Successive energy ratios in medium- and heavy-mass nuclei as indicators of
      different kinds of collectivity.

PMID- 9967206
TI  - Coherent photon scattering cross sections for helium near the delta resonance.

PMID- 9967207
TI  - Vector and tensor spin observables in the reaction 1H

PMID- 9967208
TI  - Multinucleon pion absorption in the 4He( pi +,ppp)n reaction.

PMID- 9967209
TI  - Study of the systematic behavior of beta 2 values with the P-factor.

PMID- 9967210
TI  - Correlation between the elastic NN phase and the inelastic analyzing power.

PMID- 9967211
TI  - Higgs boson production in 0(+) 0(+) nuclear transitions.

PMID- 9967212
TI  - Variational calculations of few-body nuclei.

PMID- 9967213
TI  - Finite-temperature mean-field and higher-order approaches in canonical ensembles.

PMID- 9967214
TI  - Isospin effects in antinucleon-nucleon scattering and annihilation.

PMID- 9967216
TI  - Spectroscopy of 214Bi and systematics of 210,212,214Pb(0(+)) long-> beta 
      210,212,214Bi(0(-)).

PMID- 9967215
TI  - Isobaric-analog-state transitions in the (p,n) reaction at 135 MeV and density
      dependent impulse-approximation calculations.

PMID- 9967217
TI  - Double K-shell ionization in the electron capture decay of 55Fe.

PMID- 9967218
TI  - Scattering of polarized protons from 7Li at 200 MeV.

PMID- 9967219
TI  - Use of the (e,e'n) reaction to study the giant multipole resonances in 116Sn.

PMID- 9967220
TI  - Onset of neutron single-particle strengths in the tin isotopic chain.

PMID- 9967221
TI  - E0 transitions and O+ levels in 136Xe.

PMID- 9967222
TI  - Finite velocity meson exchange in nuclei.

PMID- 9967223
TI  - Reformulation of the variable moment of inertia model in terms of nuclear
      softness.

PMID- 9967224
TI  - Broken pair approach to rotating nuclei: Formalism.

PMID- 9967225
TI  - Electron scattering from 9Be.

PMID- 9967226
TI  - Structure of 9Be from proton scattering at 180 MeV.

PMID- 9967227
TI  - 13C(p,n)13N reaction to the 3/2(-) T=3/2 state at 15.06 MeV.

PMID- 9967228
TI  - High-statistics study of cluster radioactivity from 233U.

PMID- 9967230
TI  - Measurement of 6Li( gamma, pi +)6Heg.s. at 200 MeV.

PMID- 9967229
TI  - Spin alignment and density matrix measurement in 28Si+12C orbiting reaction.

PMID- 9967231
TI  - Spectroscopic tool for proton-rich nuclei: The (3He,6He) reaction.

PMID- 9967232
TI  - Neutron-induced fission cross section of 232Th from 1 eV to 20 keV.

PMID- 9967233
TI  - Measurement of the long-lived 26Al production cross section in the 27Al(n,2n)
      reaction.

PMID- 9967234
TI  - Angle and energy dependence of the superratio for pi + and pi - elastic
      scattering from H3 and He3: Evidence for charge-symmetry violation.

PMID- 9967235
TI  - Prompt gamma-ray multiplicity distributions in spontaneous fission of 252Cf.

PMID- 9967237
TI  - Elastic scattering of alpha particles from 209Bi at 24.8, 28.5, 34.7, 38.8, and
      69.5 MeV.

PMID- 9967236
TI  - Neutron production from thick targets bombarded by alpha particles: Experiment
      and theoretical analysis of neutron energy spectra.

PMID- 9967238
TI  - Comparison of nucleon-nucleon potential models in a full-folding description of
      elastic scattering.

PMID- 9967239
TI  - Kaon production from hot and dense matter formed in heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9967240
TI  - Relativistic kinetic equations with mesonic degrees of freedom.

PMID- 9967242
TI  - Production of pionic atoms with the (e,e') reaction.

PMID- 9967241
TI  - pi -40Ca elastic scattering.

PMID- 9967243
TI  - Pion scattering from 39K and 58Ni.

PMID- 9967244
TI  - Z diagrams of composite objects.

PMID- 9967246
TI  - Nuclear medium modification of nucleons via a Bethe ansatz model.

PMID- 9967245
TI  - Nucleon self-energy in relativistic nuclear matter with pion ring series.

PMID- 9967247
TI  - Angular momentum projection with quantum effects.

PMID- 9967248
TI  - Nuclear dilepton production of Drell-Yan process in the constituent quark model.

PMID- 9967249
TI  - Neutron capture cross sections of 86Sr and 87Sr from 100 eV to 1 MeV, the
      conditions for the astrophysical s process, and the 87Rb-87Sr cosmochronometer.

PMID- 9967250
TI  - The "missing" 3(+) state of 18Ne and explosive 17F(p, gamma ) burning.

PMID- 9967251
TI  - Erratum: Multi-lambda hypernuclei and the equation of state of hypermatter

PMID- 9967252
TI  - Dilepton production at intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9967253
TI  - Sources of light particles in peripheral collisions.

PMID- 9967254
TI  - Comparison of the double giant-dipole states observed in ( pi -, pi +) and ( pi
      +, pi -) reactions on 40Ca and 27Al.

PMID- 9967255
TI  - Diproton decay of nuclei on the proton drip line.

PMID- 9967256
TI  - Weighted particle method for solving the Boltzmann equation.

PMID- 9967257
TI  - Enhancement in interactions involving two steps.

PMID- 9967258
TI  - Absolute measurement of the differential cross section for the reaction 4He(
      gamma,p)3H from 63 to 71 MeV.

PMID- 9967259
TI  - Absolute differential cross section measurements for proton-deuteron elastic
      scattering at 641.3 and 792.7 MeV.

PMID- 9967261
TI  - In-beam gamma -ray spectroscopy of the N=Z+1 nucleus 63Ga.

PMID- 9967260
TI  - Supersymmetric quantum mechanics, phase equivalence, and low energy scattering
      anomalies.

PMID- 9967262
TI  - Conversion electron spectroscopy of high spin states in 143,144Nd.

PMID- 9967263
TI  - Empirical density-dependent effective interaction for nucleon-nucleus scattering
      at 500 MeV.

PMID- 9967265
TI  - Quadrupole moments of isomers in the A=90 region and the tilted-foil polarization
      of a separated reaction-product beam.

PMID- 9967264
TI  - Spectroscopy of 18O: 14C(7Li,t gamma )18O reaction; observation of selective
      enhanced E1 deexcitations of cluster states.

PMID- 9967266
TI  - Electroexcitation of negative-parity states in 18O.

PMID- 9967267
TI  - Short lifetimes in mirror nuclei 25Mg-25Al.

PMID- 9967268
TI  - Measurement of magnetic monopole transition in electron scattering from 16O as
      direct test of dispersive effects.

PMID- 9967269
TI  - Energy dependence of 1(+) spin excitations in 28Si.

PMID- 9967272
TI  - High-spin anomalies of Yb isotopes in interacting-boson-plus-two-fermion-pair
      model.

PMID- 9967270
TI  - High spin states in 141Eu.

PMID- 9967271
TI  - Pairing effects in nuclear collective motion: Generator coordinate method.

PMID- 9967273
TI  - Dependence of the Fermi energy upon neutron excess.

PMID- 9967274
TI  - Nuclear stretching.

PMID- 9967276
TI  - Theory of large-amplitude collective motion applied to the structure of 28Si.

PMID- 9967275
TI  - Binding energy and momentum distribution of nuclear matter using Green's function
      methods.

PMID- 9967277
TI  - Test of the composite particle representation theory.

PMID- 9967278
TI  - Analytic formula for B(E2) values in even-even nuclei with A>60.

PMID- 9967279
TI  - 12C(n,p)12B reaction at 56, 60, and 65 MeV.

PMID- 9967280
TI  - Hexadecapole deformation effects in subbarrier fusion reactions.

PMID- 9967281
TI  - Deformation of sd-shell nuclei derived from inelastic scattering of 50 MeV alpha
      particles.

PMID- 9967282
TI  - Production of neutron-unbound states in intermediate-mass fragments from 14N+Ag
      reactions at E/A=35 MeV.

PMID- 9967283
TI  - Scattering of polarized and unpolarized neutrons from 93Nb from 8 to 17 MeV and
      optical model descriptions.

PMID- 9967284
TI  - Elastic and inelastic scattering of 8Li from 12C.

PMID- 9967286
TI  - Schematic model based on two-center shell model for neutron sub-Coulomb transfer
      in colliding deformed and oriented 24Mg nuclei.

PMID- 9967285
TI  - Nuclear transport models can reproduce charged-particle-inclusive measurements
      but are not strongly constrained by them.

PMID- 9967287
TI  - Semiclassical distorted wave model of nucleon inelastic scattering to continuum.

PMID- 9967288
TI  - Model solutions of regularized relativistic transport equations.

PMID- 9967289
TI  - Off-shell effects in elastic scattering of protons by nuclei.

PMID- 9967291
TI  - Characteristics of helium fragments produced in 28Si emulsion interactions at
      14.5A GeV.

PMID- 9967290
TI  - Convergence of the nucleus-nucleus Glauber multiple scattering series.

PMID- 9967293
TI  - Formation time of multiparticle systems in the string model.

PMID- 9967292
TI  - Incoherent two-photon production of the Higgs boson in relativistic heavy-ion
      collisions.

PMID- 9967294
TI  - Isotope yield ratios of fragments from heavy-ion reactions.

PMID- 9967296
TI  - Confirmation and consequences of a reduced pion-nucleon coupling constant.

PMID- 9967295
TI  - Recoil effects of neutrons evaporated in fusion-fission reactions.

PMID- 9967297
TI  - Many-body correlations effects in quasielastic electron scattering.

PMID- 9967298
TI  - Nonlocality of the optical potential and the adiabatic approximation.

PMID- 9967299
TI  - 129-133Ce isotopes in interacting-boson-plus-fermion model.

PMID- 9967300
TI  - Neutron i13/2 orbital in the A=120-140 mass region.

PMID- 9967301
TI  - Comment on "Quasielastic electron scattering and Coulomb sum rule in 4He"

PMID- 9967302
TI  - Erratum: Pion-nucleon interaction and neutral-pion photoproduction on the proton
      near threshold

PMID- 9967303
TI  - Comparison of nucleus-nucleus interactions at 14.5-200A GeV with a multistring
      model.

PMID- 9967304
TI  - High-spin states of 175Ir: Quasiproton-induced shapes and extreme interaction
      strength.

PMID- 9967305
TI  - Tracking the dissipation of energy and angular momentum in central collisions
      between Ag and 40Ar of 7, 17, 27, and 34 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9967306
TI  - Electron scattering off the ground-state band and the gamma band in 150Nd.

PMID- 9967307
TI  - Calculations of hadronic dissociation of 28Si projectiles at 14.6A GeV by nucleon
      emission.
AB  - An optical potential abrasion-ablation collision model is used to calculate
      hadronic dissociation cross sections for one, two, and three nucleon removal for
      the first time for a 14.6A GeV 28Si beam fragmenting in aluminum, tin, and lead
      targets.  These estimates are compared with recent semi-inclusive measurements. 
      Significant differences between some calculated and measured semi-inclusive cross
      sections exist which cannot be resolved without measurements of the exclusive
      channel hadronic cross sections.  Calculations for each exclusive reaction
      channel contributing to the semi-inclusive cross sections are presented and
      discussed.

PMID- 9967308
TI  - Hybrid random-phase-approximation-cluster model for the dipole strength function
      of 11Li.

PMID- 9967309
TI  - Current conservation and interaction currents with relativistic separable
      interactions.

PMID- 9967310
TI  - Nucleon-nucleon scattering in the 0-6 GeV range and the relativistic optical
      model based on deep attractive forbidden state potentials.

PMID- 9967311
TI  - Isovector content of N-N potentials and Pauli-forbidden states.

PMID- 9967312
TI  - 24Mg states observed via 20Ne( alpha, alpha 0)20Ne.

PMID- 9967313
TI  - Tests of microscopic calculations of multiple band structures and large
      deformations in 68Ge and 72Se.

PMID- 9967314
TI  - 26Mg nuclear structure from 26Mg(200 MeV)+208Pb scattering.

PMID- 9967315
TI  - Multipole strength in 16O(n,p)16N at 298 MeV.

PMID- 9967316
TI  - Quadrupole moments of high-spin isomers in neutron-deficient Bi isotopes.

PMID- 9967317
TI  - Deformation increase of high-spin core-excited isomers in the astatine nuclei.

PMID- 9967319
TI  - Directional correlations of gamma transitions in 135Xe following the decay of
      135I.

PMID- 9967318
TI  - Spectroscopy of 205Tl by means of the 208Pb(p

PMID- 9967320
TI  - Structure of highly deformed 102Zr populated in decay of low- and high-spin
      isomers of 102Y.

PMID- 9967322
TI  - Nuclear matter within the continuous choice.

PMID- 9967321
TI  - Search for a fine structure in the 14C decay of 222Ra.

PMID- 9967323
TI  - Description of the light barium isotopes in the interacting boson-fermion model.

PMID- 9967325
TI  - Pion condensation in the Walecka model.

PMID- 9967324
TI  - Effect of pairing on breathing mode and nuclear matter compressibility.

PMID- 9967327
TI  - Particle number fluctuations in the moment of inertia.

PMID- 9967326
TI  - Chaos in the low-lying collective states of even-even nuclei: Classical limit.

PMID- 9967328
TI  - Negative-parity states of Er isotopes in the interacting-boson-plus-a-fermion
      pair model.

PMID- 9967329
TI  - Adiabatic time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory with the Skyrme interaction.

PMID- 9967330
TI  - Pion correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions for three symmetric
      systems.

PMID- 9967332
TI  - Mean field deflection in peripheral heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9967333
TI  - Elastic transfer in the 11B+12C system in the c.m. energy range 5-40 MeV.

PMID- 9967331
TI  - Populations of excited states and reaction mechanisms in the emission of complex
      fragments for collisions of 58Ni+58Ni at 11 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9967335
TI  - Elastic scattering of protons from 11Li and the neutron halo.

PMID- 9967336
TI  - Origin of transverse momentum in relativistic heavy-ion collisions: Microscopic
      study.

PMID- 9967334
TI  - Charged-pion production in noninclusive proton-nucleus interactions at 0.8 and
      1.6 GeV incident energies.

PMID- 9967337
TI  - Starting energy dependence of elastic scattering observables in a full-folding
      model.

PMID- 9967339
TI  - Generalization of the Frenkel-Dirac variational principle for systems outside
      thermal equilibrium.

PMID- 9967340
TI  - Realistic A=7 hypernuclear productions.

PMID- 9967338
TI  - 0(+)-0(+) transition in charged photopion reactions.

PMID- 9967341
TI  - Unified formalism to study nonstatistical effects in radiative capture reactions.

PMID- 9967342
TI  - Neutron relativistic phenomenological and microscopic optical potential.

PMID- 9967343
TI  - Light-front sum rules.

PMID- 9967344
TI  - Quark-gluon-plasma signatures?

PMID- 9967346
TI  - Chiral solitons with quarks and composite mesons.

PMID- 9967345
TI  - Analysis of multiparticle Bose-Einstein correlations in ultrarelativistic heavy
      ion collisions.

PMID- 9967347
TI  - European Muon Collaboration effect: Nuclear-binding effect or vivid quark
      signature?

PMID- 9967349
TI  - Dynamical multicluster model for electroweak and charge-exchange reactions.

PMID- 9967348
TI  - Limits on nonstandard weak currents from the polarization of 14O and 10C decay
      positrons.

PMID- 9967350
TI  - One-body parity and time reversal violating potentials.

PMID- 9967351
TI  - Properties of 22Ne( alpha,n)25Mg resonances.

PMID- 9967352
TI  - Cu(p,X)24Na cross section from 30 to 800 GeV.

PMID- 9967353
TI  - Kinematically complete study of the 7Li(p, gamma )8Be*-->2 alpha reaction at
      Ep=25 MeV.

PMID- 9967354
TI  - Resonances and decay modes of 27Al+p for Ep=3.58-4.06 MeV.

PMID- 9967355
TI  - 31Si(2.6 h)(n, gamma )32Si cross section measured by accelerator mass
      spectrometry.

PMID- 9967356
TI  - Equivalent local potentials in a coupled-channel Dirac phenomenology.

PMID- 9967357
TI  - Nonpairing like-nucleon valence residual interactions.

PMID- 9967358
TI  - Model-space-size dependence of nuclear matter model-space Brueckner-Hartree-Fock
      calculations.

PMID- 9967360
TI  - Spontaneous breaking of Elliott symmetry in nuclear systems and the s and d Nambu
      Goldstone bosons.

PMID- 9967359
TI  - Unitary pole approximation for the Coulomb-plus-Yamaguchi potential and
      application to a three-body bound-state calculation.

PMID- 9967361
TI  - Comment on "Triton model calculation test of the Bonn W-matrix rank-one
      approximation"

PMID- 9967363
TI  - Erratum: "Scissor mode applied to the yrast band of the rare-earth nuclei nuclei"

PMID- 9967362
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Triton model calculation test of the Bonn W-matrix rank-one
      approximation' "

PMID- 9967364
TI  - Erratum: "Upper limits on emission of neutrons from Ti in pressurized D2 gas
      cells: A test of evidence for "cold fusion" "

PMID- 9967365
TI  - Superdeformation in 198,196Pb.

PMID- 9967366
TI  - Statistical and nonstatistical neutron decay of the giant electric dipole
      resonance of 208Pb.

PMID- 9967368
TI  - Statistical and nonstatistical photon emission from giant resonances.

PMID- 9967367
TI  - Characterization of very highly excited composite nuclei: Temperature, spin zone,
      radial extent, and lifetime scale of 10(-)22 s.

PMID- 9967369
TI  - Absolute differential cross sections and charge asymmetries for pi +/-d elastic
      scattering at 65 MeV.

PMID- 9967370
TI  - Inclusive inelastic scattering of 96.5-MeV pi + and pi - by the hydrogen and
      helium isotopes.

PMID- 9967371
TI  - 3He( gamma,np)p reaction in quasi-deuteron kinematics.

PMID- 9967373
TI  - Nd zero-energy scattering.

PMID- 9967372
TI  - Absolute measurement of the p+p analyzing power at 183 MeV.

PMID- 9967374
TI  - Numerical quasiparticle representation of the nucleon-nucleon T matrix.

PMID- 9967375
TI  - Relation between the bound state radius and the scattering length: Relativistic
      effects.

PMID- 9967376
TI  - Parametrization scheme for effective interactions.

PMID- 9967377
TI  - Integro-differential equation approach. III. Triton and alpha -particle bound
      states. Realistic forces and two-body correlations.

PMID- 9967378
TI  - Spin decomposition of the responses of 44Ca and 48Ca to 300 MeV protons.

PMID- 9967379
TI  - Magnetic moments around the Z=40 shell closure: 91Ym, 95Zr, and 97Nb.

PMID- 9967381
TI  - Level structure of 101Tc investigated by means of massive transfer reactions.

PMID- 9967380
TI  - Excitation of 24Mg states through the interaction of 85 MeV 16O ions with 12C and
      24Mg targets.

PMID- 9967382
TI  - Isospin character of transitions to bound states in 204,206,208Pb using inelastic
      scattering of 17O ions.

PMID- 9967383
TI  - Inelastic electron scattering to collective states of 118Sn.

PMID- 9967384
TI  - Description of nuclear structure effects in sub-barrier fusion by the interacting
      boson model.

PMID- 9967385
TI  - Algebraic approach to cluster states in odd-mass nuclei. I. Energy spectrum.

PMID- 9967386
TI  - Algebraic approach to cluster states in odd-mass nuclei. II. Electromagnetic and
      other properties.

PMID- 9967387
TI  - Multi-lambda matter in a derivative coupling model.

PMID- 9967388
TI  - Time-dependent mean field description of a two-level bosonic model.

PMID- 9967389
TI  - Empirical effective interactions in the lower fp shell and upper sd shell.

PMID- 9967390
TI  - Wave function effects and the elastic magnetic form factor of 17O.

PMID- 9967391
TI  - Collective modes in relativistic nuclear matter: Classical approach.

PMID- 9967392
TI  - Alpha decay hindrance factors and reflection asymmetry in nuclei.

PMID- 9967394
TI  - First-forbidden beta decay in the lead region and mesonic enhancement of the weak
      axial current.

PMID- 9967393
TI  - Two-quasiparticle states in the interacting boson model. II. Electromagnetic
      properties in the SU(3) limit.

PMID- 9967395
TI  - Shell-model interpretation of the beta - decay of 212Big, 212Bim1, and 212Bim2.

PMID- 9967396
TI  - Shell-model predictions for 41,42Cl( beta -)41,42Ar and the A=41-43 Ar isotopes.

PMID- 9967397
TI  - Pion double-charge-exchange reaction: Shell model formalism.

PMID- 9967398
TI  - Alpha-particle scattering and isoscalar giant resonances in the SU(3) model.

PMID- 9967399
TI  - Comparison of various parametrizations of the double-humped fission barrier.

PMID- 9967400
TI  - Clustering effects in a microscopic four- alpha description of the alpha +12C
      system.

PMID- 9967401
TI  - Methods of statistical physics in heavy nucleus collision theory.

PMID- 9967402
TI  - Measurements of vector analyzing power in the (d

PMID- 9967403
TI  - 4H nucleus and the 2H(t,tp)n reaction.

PMID- 9967404
TI  - Quasifree knockout in 16O(p,2p)15N at an incident energy of 151 MeV.

PMID- 9967406
TI  - Test of level densities with proton resonances.

PMID- 9967405
TI  - Independent and cumulative yields of very neutron-rich nuclei in 20 MeV p- and 18
      41 MeV d-induced fission of 238U.

PMID- 9967407
TI  - Absolute photofission cross section of 197Au, natPb, 209Bi, 232Th, 238U, and 235U
      nuclei by 69-MeV monochromatic and polarized photons.

PMID- 9967408
TI  - Deuteron production in alpha -nucleus collisions from 200 to 800 MeV per nucleon.

PMID- 9967410
TI  - Correlations between energy and mass partition in the damped reaction 165Ho+74Ge
      at Elab=8.5 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9967409
TI  - Neutron inclusive measurements of 36Ar+Ag reactions at 35 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9967411
TI  - (12C,12B) and (12C,12N) reactions at E/A=70 MeV as spin probes: Calibration and
      application to 1(+) states in 56Mn.

PMID- 9967412
TI  - Pion-nucleus scattering at 800 MeV/c.

PMID- 9967413
TI  - Expectations of fragment decay from highly excited nuclei.

PMID- 9967414
TI  - Angular distribution of neutrons emitted in (11Li,9Li) breakup reactions.

PMID- 9967415
TI  - Role of the pygmy resonance in the synthesis of heavy elements with radioactive
      beams.

PMID- 9967416
TI  - Pion spectra in a hadronic transport model for relativistic heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9967418
TI  - Pion-induced elastic and inelastic scattering above the 3,3 resonance.

PMID- 9967417
TI  - Microscopic calculation for Ne on NaF at 45 MeV per nucleon.

PMID- 9967419
TI  - Dynamic polarization potential induced by the Coulomb excitation of deformed
      heavy ions: Geometric scattering approach.

PMID- 9967420
TI  - Currents and Ward-Takahashi identities for nonlocal quantum field theories.

PMID- 9967422
TI  - Limits on charge nonconservation studied by nuclear excitation of 127I.

PMID- 9967421
TI  - Isovector parity mixing in 16O investigated via the 15N(p

PMID- 9967423
TI  - Stellar production cross section of 176Lum.

PMID- 9967424
TI  - Compound nucleus origin of back-angle yields in the 31P+16O and 35Cl+12C
      reactions.

PMID- 9967425
TI  - Thermal-neutron scattering length and capture by 46Ca.

PMID- 9967427
TI  - Average resonance capture study of 124Te.

PMID- 9967426
TI  - Near-symmetric breakup of 25Mg.

PMID- 9967429
TI  - Broken Goldstone symmetry and low-energy theorem for pion photoproduction on a
      nucleon.

PMID- 9967428
TI  - Infrared structure of quantum hadrodynamics.

PMID- 9967430
TI  - Parametrization of total and differential cross sections for pi d-->pp below 1
      GeV.

PMID- 9967431
TI  - Single-particle resonances in continuum nuclear structure calculations.

PMID- 9967433
TI  - Critical energy deposit in heavy ion complete fusion.

PMID- 9967432
TI  - Momentum transfer in relativistic heavy ion charge-exchange reactions.
AB  - Relativistic heavy ion charge-exchange reactions yield fragments (delta Z = +1)
      whose longitudinal momentum distributions are downshifted by larger values than
      those associated with the remaining fragments (delta Z = -1, -2, ...). 
      Kinematics alone cannot account for the observed downshifts; therefore, an
      additional contribution from collision dynamics must be included.  In this work,
      an optical model description of collision momentum transfer is used to estimate
      the additional dynamical momentum downshift.  Good agreement between theoretical
      estimates and experimental data is obtained.

PMID- 9967434
TI  - Microscopic description of alpha decay of deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9967435
TI  - Lambda -hypernuclei magnetic moments in a relativistic model.

PMID- 9967436
TI  - Comment on "Kaon photoproduction: Data consistency, coupling constants, and
      polarization observables"

PMID- 9967437
TI  - Comment on "Resonant and nonresonant contributions to the photoactivation of
      111Cd"

PMID- 9967438
TI  - Comment on "Comparison of realistic and symmetry-determined S and D pairs for
      156Gd"

PMID- 9967439
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Comparison of realistic and symmetry-determined S and D
      pairs for 156Gd' "

PMID- 9967440
TI  - Erratum: Pion-nucleus scattering around the (3,3) resonance

PMID- 9967442
TI  - Radiative corrections to 10C superallowed Fermi beta decay.

PMID- 9967441
TI  - Proton-induced fission of 238U at extreme sub-barrier energies.

PMID- 9967443
TI  - Two-nucleon correlations and the structure of the nucleon spectral function at
      high values of momentum and removal energy.

PMID- 9967444
TI  - 9Li and neutron momentum distributions in 11Li in a simplified three-body model.

PMID- 9967445
TI  - Decays of the K-p atom and the Lambda (1405).

PMID- 9967446
TI  - Antiproton-induced elastic and inelastic scattering at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9967448
TI  - Level scheme of 116Sb from (p,n gamma ) reaction.

PMID- 9967447
TI  - Weak proton capture reactions on 1H and 3He and tritium beta decay.

PMID- 9967450
TI  - Evidence for parity dependence in the neutron-40Ar optical model potential.

PMID- 9967449
TI  - Structure of 116Sb nucleus.

PMID- 9967451
TI  - High spin and shape coexistence in 73Se.

PMID- 9967452
TI  - 219Fr, a transitional reflection asymmetric nucleus.

PMID- 9967453
TI  - Energy dependence of stretched states excited in (p,n) reactions.

PMID- 9967455
TI  - Momentum-space method for pionic atoms.

PMID- 9967454
TI  - Inelastic proton scattering from Pt isotopes and the interacting boson model.

PMID- 9967456
TI  - Radial characteristics for nuclear states with weakly bound nucleons.

PMID- 9967457
TI  - Nuclear response function at finite temperature.

PMID- 9967458
TI  - Width of bound eta in nuclei.

PMID- 9967459
TI  - Reaction mechanisms in the 32S+64Ni collision.

PMID- 9967460
TI  - 40Ca photoneutron cross section above the giant dipole resonance.

PMID- 9967461
TI  - Direct and valence neutron capture by 7Li.

PMID- 9967462
TI  - Charged-particle evaporation from hot composite nuclei: Evidence over a broad Z
      range for distortions from cold nuclear profiles.

PMID- 9967463
TI  - Quantum mechanical reflective model for heavy ion scattering.

PMID- 9967464
TI  - Final-state-interaction effects in the (e,e'p) reaction.

PMID- 9967465
TI  - Pauli-blocking in the quasideuteron model of photoabsorption.

PMID- 9967466
TI  - Transition from binary processes to multifragmentation in quantum molecular
      dynamics for intermediate energy heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9967468
TI  - Production of fast and slow particles in nucleus-nucleus collisions at
      ultrarelativistic energies.

PMID- 9967467
TI  - Contribution of nonthermodynamic processes to the formation of helium fragment in
      nucleus-nucleus collisions at 1.88A GeV.

PMID- 9967469
TI  - One- and two-dimensional analysis of intermittency in ultrarelativistic nucleus
      nucleus interactions.

PMID- 9967471
TI  - Nucleon binding corrections to lepton-nucleus deep inelastic scattering: Use of a
      realistic spectral function.

PMID- 9967470
TI  - Shear instability and entropy generation in heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9967472
TI  - Scale breaking in dense nuclear matter.

PMID- 9967473
TI  - Color-dielectric-model nucleon in the nuclear medium.

PMID- 9967474
TI  - Neon radioactivity of uranium isotopes.

PMID- 9967476
TI  - Charge density differences near 208Pb in relativistic models.

PMID- 9967475
TI  - Shape coexistence in 140Sm and the onset of deformation below N=82 from lifetime
      measurements.

PMID- 9967477
TI  - Consequences of an alternate Skyrmion stabilizing term for the NN force.

PMID- 9967478
TI  - Soft pion emission from fat flux tubes.

PMID- 9967479
TI  - Thermal and quantal fluctuations in a model with repulsive potential.

PMID- 9967480
TI  - Interpretation of backbending in 100Mo in a cranked Nilsson model with pairing.

PMID- 9967481
TI  - Microscopic analysis of 34S(d

PMID- 9967483
TI  - Comment on "Preequilibrium emission of hard photons in proton-nucleus reactions"

PMID- 9967482
TI  - Projectile breakup by nuclear and Coulomb fields and application to
      astrophysically relevant radiative-capture processes.

PMID- 9967485
TI  - Erratum: Diproton decay of nuclei on the proton drip line

PMID- 9967484
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Preequilibrium emission of hard photons in proton-nucleus
      reactions' "

PMID- 9967486
TI  - Determination of the neutron electric form factor in quasielastic scattering of
      polarized electrons from polarized 3He.

PMID- 9967487
TI  - Direct observation of a three-body mechanism in the reaction 3He( gamma,pp)n.

PMID- 9967488
TI  - Band termination in 121I.

PMID- 9967490
TI  - Directional correlation between alpha particles and L x rays in the decay of
      238Pu and 244Cm.

PMID- 9967489
TI  - Light particle correlations for the 3He+Ag reaction at 200 MeV.

PMID- 9967492
TI  - Significance of the light clusters in exotic nuclear decay.

PMID- 9967491
TI  - Multifragmentation for 36Ar+238U treated as statistical dynamic interaction
      processes.

PMID- 9967494
TI  - Integer alignment and strong coupling limit in superdeformed nuclei.

PMID- 9967493
TI  - Unified pair-coupling theory of fermion systems.

PMID- 9967496
TI  - Three-body K+d reactions.

PMID- 9967495
TI  - pi -p--> pi 0 pi 0n near threshold and chiral symmetry breaking.

PMID- 9967497
TI  - Reaction 52Cr(p, gamma )53Mn from 1.66 to 2.91 MeV.

PMID- 9967499
TI  - Conserving relativistic many-body approach: Equation of state, spectral function,
      and occupation probabilities of nuclear matter.

PMID- 9967498
TI  - Structure of 75Se.

PMID- 9967500
TI  - In-medium and core-polarization effects in 50K(0(-))long-> beta -50Ca(0(+)).

PMID- 9967501
TI  - Projection onto physical boson states in a collective subspace.

PMID- 9967502
TI  - Optimal auxiliary Hamiltonians for truncated boson-space calculations by means of
      a maximal-decoupling variational principle.

PMID- 9967504
TI  - Fragmentation of gold projectiles with energies of 200-980 MeV/nucleon. I.
      Experimental method, charge yields, and transverse momenta.

PMID- 9967503
TI  - Heavy fragment emission in alpha-induced reactions on aluminum at 60 MeV.

PMID- 9967505
TI  - Fragmentation of gold projectiles with energies of 200-980 MeV/nucleon. II.
      Multiplicity distributions and correlations.

PMID- 9967506
TI  - Excitation of the 10.957 MeV 0(-);T=0 state in 16O by 400 MeV protons.

PMID- 9967507
TI  - Cold multiproton-transfer reactions in the system 86Kr+54Fe below the Coulomb
      barrier.

PMID- 9967508
TI  - 103Rhm production by inelastic gamma scattering in the giant dipole resonance
      region.

PMID- 9967510
TI  - Energy dependence of the form factor for elastic electron scattering from 12C.

PMID- 9967509
TI  - Measurement of collective flow in heavy-ion collisions using particle-pair
      correlations.

PMID- 9967511
TI  - Independent yields from the photofission of 232Th, and the Zp and statistical
      dynamic models.

PMID- 9967512
TI  - Properties of high spin states in 53Cr and 53Mn.

PMID- 9967513
TI  - 14C photoproton cross section.

PMID- 9967514
TI  - Channel-capture mechanism in low-energy neutron capture by 12C.

PMID- 9967515
TI  - Inversion potential for the alpha +12C system.

PMID- 9967516
TI  - Boost, recoil, and Wigner rotation effects on no-pair analyses of proton elastic
      scattering.

PMID- 9967517
TI  - Microscopic study of the alpha -16O interaction on the basis of the complex
      effective interaction and the totally antisymmetrized many-body theory.

PMID- 9967518
TI  - Relativistic sigma - omega mean-field theory for hyperons from a quark model.

PMID- 9967520
TI  - Extent of simultaneous parity and time violation in 182W.

PMID- 9967519
TI  - Dilepton production by protons on nuclei and the partonic origin of depletion at
      small momentum fraction.

PMID- 9967521
TI  - Rotational bands with identical transition energies in actinide nuclei.

PMID- 9967522
TI  - Identification of 185Pt alpha activity and study of 185Au alpha decay.

PMID- 9967523
TI  - Experimental search for coherent subthreshold pion production.

PMID- 9967524
TI  - Atomic final-state effects in nuclear transitions.

PMID- 9967525
TI  - Convenient parametrization for deep inelastic structure functions of the
      deuteron.

PMID- 9967526
TI  - Split-bin correlation-function analysis of O+Ag(Br) and S+Ag(Br) collisions at
      200 GeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9967527
TI  - Erratum: 11B+ alpha reaction rates and primordial nucleosynthesis

PMID- 9967528
TI  - Detection of neutrinoless double-beta decay.

PMID- 9967529
TI  - Identification of the rare neutron-rich isotope 117Rh.

PMID- 9967530
TI  - Study of the proton 2p3/2-->2p1/2 transition in 65Cu and 71Ga.

PMID- 9967531
TI  - 330-keV electron line in e++Th interactions.

PMID- 9967532
TI  - Superdeformation in the quasicontinuum: Microscopic view of the excited
      superdeformed bands and the corresponding level densities.

PMID- 9967533
TI  - Direct reaction analysis of 19F(p,a)16O below the Coulomb barrier.

PMID- 9967534
TI  - Isospin mixing in protonium and annihilation dynamics.

PMID- 9967535
TI  - Analytical structure of the S matrix for the coupled channel problem d+t n+ alpha
      and the interpretation of the J pi =3/2(+) resonance in 5He.

PMID- 9967537
TI  - Formalism for the systematic solution of the low-energy pion-trinucleon
      scattering problem.

PMID- 9967536
TI  - Proton-proton bremsstrahlung calculations at 280 MeV.

PMID- 9967538
TI  - Meson-baryon dynamics in the nucleon-antinucleon system. I. The nucleon
      antinucleon interaction.

PMID- 9967540
TI  - Coupled-reaction-channel calculation of a model n-d scattering problem above the
      breakup threshold.

PMID- 9967539
TI  - Meson-baryon dynamics in the nucleon-antinucleon system. II. Annihilation into
      two mesons.

PMID- 9967541
TI  - Delta degrees of freedom in trinuclei: I. The Hannover one- Delta model.

PMID- 9967542
TI  - High spin spectroscopy and lifetime measurements in 169Hf.

PMID- 9967543
TI  - Decay history and magnetic moments at high spin in 152Dy.

PMID- 9967544
TI  - Mass yield curves in low-energy proton-induced fission of 233U, 235U, 236U,
      237Np, 239Pu, 242Pu, 244Pu, 241Am, and 243Am.

PMID- 9967546
TI  - Half-lives and delayed neutron emission probabilities of neutron-rich Li-Al
      nuclides.

PMID- 9967545
TI  - Fine structure in 14C emission from 223Ra and 224Ra.

PMID- 9967547
TI  - Multiparticle-multihole configuration mixing within the neutron-proton
      interacting boson model.

PMID- 9967548
TI  - Role of final-state interactions in the calculation of the hadronic tensor of
      nuclear matter.

PMID- 9967550
TI  - Gamow-Teller decay of N=50 nuclei.

PMID- 9967549
TI  - Relativistic Hartree theory for nuclei far from the stability line.

PMID- 9967552
TI  - Symmetry group of point transformations for the time-dependent Schrodinger
      equation: Harmonic interactions among nucleons.

PMID- 9967551
TI  - Isospin splitting in double isovector excitations.

PMID- 9967553
TI  - Mass and charge attributes of heavy ion potentials obtained by inversion.

PMID- 9967554
TI  - Shell-model description of 211Bi( beta -)211Po and 211At(EC)211Po and the
      spectroscopy of 211Po.

PMID- 9967555
TI  - Full-symmetry and mixed-symmetry states in 110,112,114Cd.

PMID- 9967556
TI  - Time scales for fusion-fission and quasifission from giant dipole resonance
      decay.

PMID- 9967557
TI  - Recoil range study of complete and incomplete fusion of C with Au at 10
      MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9967559
TI  - Search for high energy gamma rays from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf.

PMID- 9967558
TI  - Strangeness production in proton and heavy-ion collisions at 14.6A GeV.

PMID- 9967561
TI  - Stripping to the continuum of 208Pb.

PMID- 9967560
TI  - Features of compound multiplicity in heavy-ion interactions at 4.5A GeV/c.

PMID- 9967562
TI  - Momentum-space treatment of Coulomb distortions in a multiple-scattering
      expansion.

PMID- 9967563
TI  - Effects of nonresonant breakup states in polarized 6Li scattering.

PMID- 9967564
TI  - Approximate treatment of the nucleon-nucleus interaction in the resonating-group
      formulation.

PMID- 9967565
TI  - Refinements to the treatment of scattering in Vlasov-Boltzmann calculations.

PMID- 9967566
TI  - Heavy-ion potentials derived from strong-absorption-model parametrizations of the
      scattering function.

PMID- 9967567
TI  - Forward and transverse energies in relativistic heavy ion collisions at 14.6
      GeV/c per nucleon.

PMID- 9967568
TI  - Correlations and intermittency in high-energy nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9967570
TI  - Particle-hole symmetry, F-spin, and r-process parameters.

PMID- 9967569
TI  - Covariant coalescence model for relativistically expanding systems.

PMID- 9967572
TI  - Width of the 0.55-MeV resonance in 13C(p, gamma ).

PMID- 9967571
TI  - Target fragmentation of silver by 14.6 GeV/nucleon 16O ions.

PMID- 9967573
TI  - Test of octupole coupled 5(-) state in 146Nd using proton inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9967575
TI  - 35Cl(n,p)35S cross section from 25 meV to 100 keV.

PMID- 9967574
TI  - Search for fractional charge states in high-energy heavy fragments produced in
      collisions of 14.5A GeV 28Si with Pb and Cu target.

PMID- 9967577
TI  - Fission of complex nuclei induced by 52-MeV monochromatic and polarized photons.

PMID- 9967576
TI  - Elastic magnetic electron scattering from 13C at Q2=1 GeV2/c2.

PMID- 9967578
TI  - Measurement of cross sections for charge pickup by relativistic holmium ions on
      heavy targets.

PMID- 9967579
TI  - Analyzing powers for the 3He(p

PMID- 9967581
TI  - Energy dependence of 6Li+28Si elastic scattering and the dispersion relation.

PMID- 9967580
TI  - Approximate treatment of antisymmetrization in the microscopic studies of p+
      alpha and 3He+ alpha bremsstrahlung.

PMID- 9967583
TI  - Coulomb sum rule in heavier nuclei.

PMID- 9967582
TI  - Proton-neutron multiplet structure of 104In.

PMID- 9967584
TI  - Energy levels of a muonic hydrogen atom with the use of a quark model.

PMID- 9967585
TI  - Damping of giant resonances in hot nuclei.

PMID- 9967586
TI  - Erratum: Systematic behavior of one- and two-nucleon transfer reactions induced
      by medium-weight projectiles

PMID- 9967587
TI  - Spin-flip probabilities in Pb208 measured with 200 MeV protons.

PMID- 9967588
TI  - Small-angle two-neutron and two-proton correlations in 30A MeV heavy-ion
      reactions.

PMID- 9967590
TI  - Shape coexistence from the structure of the yrast band in 174Pt.

PMID- 9967589
TI  - Intermediate mass fragments from 40Ar+197Au: Transition from the incomplete
      fusion to the participant spectator regime.

PMID- 9967592
TI  - Spin observables in pp bremsstrahlung and off-shell effects of the NN
      interaction.

PMID- 9967591
TI  - Orbital 1(+) strengths from self-consistent deformed mean field calculations.

PMID- 9967593
TI  - Determination of the NN pi coupling constants in NN partial-wave analyses.

PMID- 9967594
TI  - Three-body force effect in triton dipole sum rules.

PMID- 9967595
TI  - Distribution of single-particle strength due to short-range and tensor
      correlations.

PMID- 9967596
TI  - Classical European-Muon-Collaboration effect from few-body systems to nuclear
      matter: Can binding effects explain it?

PMID- 9967597
TI  - M1 excitation in Sm isotopes and the proton-neutron sdg interacting boson model.

PMID- 9967599
TI  - p( gamma, pi 0) cross section and the low energy theorem.

PMID- 9967598
TI  - Spin observables at threshold for the reaction p-barp--> Lambda -bar Lambda.

PMID- 9967600
TI  - Pion absorption on 3He: Absorption amplitude in the Faddeev-quasiparticle scheme.

PMID- 9967602
TI  - Bonn nucleon-nucleon meson exchange model with a relativistic quark-gluon
      annihilation potential.

PMID- 9967601
TI  - Solution of the Chandler-Gibson equations for a three-body test problem.

PMID- 9967603
TI  - Pion-proton bremsstrahlung calculation and the "experimental" magnetic moment of
      Delta ++(1232).

PMID- 9967604
TI  - E0 components of 2i+-->2f+ transitions in even cadmium isotopes and effective
      monopole charges.

PMID- 9967605
TI  - Excitation functions for actinides produced in the interactions of 31P with
      248Cm.

PMID- 9967606
TI  - Direct observation of the giant dipole resonance of 16O via electromagnetic
      dissociation.

PMID- 9967607
TI  - Investigation of A=155 and A=151 nuclides: Identification of the 155Tm s1/2
      isomer and of the 155Yb beta -decay branch.

PMID- 9967608
TI  - Monopole strength in 58Ni.

PMID- 9967610
TI  - Asymmetric nuclear matter equation of state.

PMID- 9967609
TI  - High-spin gamma spectroscopy of recoil-separated 49Cr, 49V, and 46Ti.

PMID- 9967612
TI  - Interpretation of a double hypernucleus event.

PMID- 9967611
TI  - Identification of nuclear cluster-molecular states.

PMID- 9967614
TI  - Retardation effect in finite nuclei in relativistic mean field theory.

PMID- 9967613
TI  - Probability and selection rule for nuclear excitation by electron transition.

PMID- 9967615
TI  - Interacting-boson-fermion-approximation description of negative-parity states in
      even-odd Yb isotopes.

PMID- 9967616
TI  - Semiclassical description of alpha clustering in heavy nuclei.

PMID- 9967617
TI  - Mean free path in the relativistic mean field.

PMID- 9967618
TI  - Velocity spectra and angular distributions of evaporation residues from 32S +12C
      at 145 MeV.

PMID- 9967619
TI  - Spatial information on the pion-emitting source from pion interferometry.

PMID- 9967620
TI  - Neutron and proton transition densities from 32,34S(p,p') at Ep=318 MeV. I.
      Isoscalar densities for 32S.

PMID- 9967622
TI  - Polarization transfer in the 23Na(p

PMID- 9967623
TI  - Mechanism of the 6Li(e,e' alpha ) reaction.

PMID- 9967621
TI  - Neutron and proton transition densities from 32,34S(p,p') at Ep=318 MeV. II.
      Neutron densities for 34S.

PMID- 9967624
TI  - Measurement of Ay( theta ) for n+208Pb from 6 to 10 MeV and the neutron-nucleus
      interaction over the energy range from bound states at -17 MeV up to scattering
      at 40 MeV.

PMID- 9967625
TI  - Mass dependence of high-energy pion double charge exchange.

PMID- 9967626
TI  - Elastic scattering of pi + and pi - from 4He between 90 and 240 MeV.

PMID- 9967627
TI  - Complete spin-transfer measurements for inelastic polarized proton scattering
      from 12C.

PMID- 9967628
TI  - Inelastic transfer in the 11B+12C system in the c.m. energy range 15-40 MeV.

PMID- 9967629
TI  - Energy dependence of pion inelastic scattering from 208Pb.

PMID- 9967630
TI  - Reaction plane determination for 36Ar+197Au collisions at E/A=35 MeV.

PMID- 9967632
TI  - Preferential emission of pions in asymmetric nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9967631
TI  - Forward nuclear glory in 12C+12C scattering.

PMID- 9967633
TI  - From Dirac phenomenology to deuteron-nucleus elastic scattering at intermediate
      energies.

PMID- 9967635
TI  - y-scaling analysis for inelastic scattering from relativistic targets.

PMID- 9967634
TI  - Multifragmentation near the threshold.

PMID- 9967637
TI  - Spin-dependent effects in the quark-cluster model of the deuteron and 3He.

PMID- 9967638
TI  - Quark mean-field theory and consistency with nuclear matter.

PMID- 9967636
TI  - Covariant Feynman rules at finite temperature: Time-path formulation.

PMID- 9967640
TI  - Measurements of the Coulomb dissociation cross section of 156 MeV 6Li projectiles
      at extremely low relative fragment energies of astrophysical interest.

PMID- 9967639
TI  - Parity nonconservation in polarized-neutron transmission through 139La.

PMID- 9967641
TI  - Angular distributions for the double isobaric analog and a T< state at high
      excitation in pion double charge exchange on 93Nb.

PMID- 9967642
TI  - Measurements of subnanosecond nuclear lifetimes.

PMID- 9967643
TI  - Proton 4p-4h intruder excitations in heavy even-even nuclei.

PMID- 9967644
TI  - Low energy behavior of 11Li dissociation cross section.

PMID- 9967645
TI  - Effect of the 1S0 neutron proton pair on positive pion absorption in 3He.

PMID- 9967646
TI  - Semiclassical simulation of sudden nucleus scission with two-body collisions.

PMID- 9967647
TI  - Derivative scalar coupling model versus sigma - omega model.

PMID- 9967648
TI  - Semiclassical calculation for 16O+16O elastic scattering at high energies.

PMID- 9967649
TI  - Comment on "Double K-shell ionization in the electron capture decay of 55Fe"

PMID- 9967651
TI  - Total cross section for p+p-->p+p+ pi 0 near threshold.

PMID- 9967650
TI  - Erratum: Measurement of the neutrons emitted in the proton-induced fission of
      209Bi and 238U at 475 MeV

PMID- 9967652
TI  - Does a 5/2(+)-5/2(-) ground-state parity doublet exist in 229Pa?

PMID- 9967653
TI  - Symmetry properties of the K=0(+/-) bands in reflection asymmetric 224Ac.

PMID- 9967654
TI  - Multiple scattering effects in proton nucleus elastic scattering at intermediate
      energies.

PMID- 9967655
TI  - Linear momentum in the exciton model: Consistent way to obtain angular
      distributions.

PMID- 9967656
TI  - Spin determination and quantized alignment in the superdeformed bands in 152Dy,
      151Tb, and 150Gd.

PMID- 9967657
TI  - np elastic spin transfer measurements at 788 MeV.

PMID- 9967658
TI  - Measurement of the Ayy tensor analyzing power for the 1H(d

PMID- 9967660
TI  - Force-range correction in the three-body problem: Application to three-nucleon
      systems.

PMID- 9967659
TI  - Total cross sections and analyzing powers for the reaction p+p-->p+p+ pi 0 near
      threshold.

PMID- 9967661
TI  - Effective stable particle behavior of the Delta.

PMID- 9967662
TI  - Faddeev equations with three-nucleon force in momentum space.

PMID- 9967663
TI  - Scattering of GeV electrons by nuclear matter.

PMID- 9967664
TI  - Projection of the six-quark wave function onto the NN channel and the problem of
      the repulsive core in the NN interaction.

PMID- 9967665
TI  - High-spin states in 48V, 51Cr, and 51Mn.

PMID- 9967666
TI  - beta -decay branching ratios of the neutron-rich nucleus 15B.

PMID- 9967667
TI  - Photon-decay modes of the giant dipole resonance in even-A Nd isotopes.

PMID- 9967669
TI  - Alignment effects in odd-mass Cs isotopes: Spectroscopy of 125Cs.

PMID- 9967668
TI  - Isospin character of the giant quadrupole transition in 124Sn.

PMID- 9967670
TI  - Properties of low-lying states in 142Ce via high resolution electron scattering.

PMID- 9967671
TI  - Pion scattering to 6(-) stretched states in 24Mg and 26Mg.

PMID- 9967672
TI  - Determination of the level density of 29Si from Ericson fluctuations.

PMID- 9967673
TI  - 0(+) and 2(+) strengths in pion double charge exchange to double giant-dipole
      resonances.

PMID- 9967674
TI  - Gamow-Teller strength from the 20Ne(n,p)20F reaction at En=198 MeV.

PMID- 9967675
TI  - Masses of 103,104,105In and 72,73Br.

PMID- 9967677
TI  - Vlasov dynamics of a semi-infinite system.

PMID- 9967676
TI  - High-spin structure of 189Tl: Role of h9/2 protons in the prolate minimum of
      light Hg isotopes.

PMID- 9967678
TI  - Relativistic mean-field kinetic equation: Collectives modes and symmetry breaking
      in nuclear matter.

PMID- 9967679
TI  - Pair condensates in realistic shell model states. II. M1 states in 54,56Cr and
      56,58,60Fe.

PMID- 9967680
TI  - (d,3He) reactions for the formation of deeply bound pionic atoms.

PMID- 9967681
TI  - Meson exchange currents in pion double charge exchange.

PMID- 9967682
TI  - Strong absorption model for pion-nucleus scattering around the (3,3) resonance.

PMID- 9967684
TI  - Configurational assignments in 168Ho and comparison with 166Ho.

PMID- 9967683
TI  - Compression properties of nuclei with the derivative scalar coupling in the
      relativistic mean-field theory.

PMID- 9967685
TI  - Coulomb instability in hot nuclei with Skyrme interaction.

PMID- 9967687
TI  - Quadrupole collectivity of summed magnetic dipole orbital strength using
      schematic interactions.

PMID- 9967686
TI  - Nuclear Hartree-Fock calculations with splines.

PMID- 9967689
TI  - Projected quasiparticle calculations for the N=82 odd-proton isotones.

PMID- 9967688
TI  - Level matrix, 16N beta decay, and the 12C( alpha, gamma )16O reaction.

PMID- 9967690
TI  - Deviation of the SUq(2) prediction from observations in even-even deformed
      nuclei.

PMID- 9967691
TI  - Relativistic mean field study of light medium nuclei away from beta stability.

PMID- 9967692
TI  - Yrast-yrare interaction strength and bandcrossing frequency.

PMID- 9967693
TI  - Search for a 21.4-MeV state in 13C and (p, pi +) production mechanisms.

PMID- 9967694
TI  - Search for narrow-peak structure in the three-photon spectrum from 6-MeV/nucleon
      U+Th, U+U, and Th+Th collisions.

PMID- 9967695
TI  - Level density of hot nuclei with A <= 40.

PMID- 9967696
TI  - Population of high-spin states in 234U by heavy-ion-induced transfer reactions.

PMID- 9967697
TI  - Effective interaction for 40Ca(p,p') at Ep=318 MeV.

PMID- 9967698
TI  - Analyzing powers and isotope ratios for the natAg(p

PMID- 9967700
TI  - Excitation functions for the helium-ion-induced fission of holmium and erbium.

PMID- 9967699
TI  - Fusion of 28Si nuclei at 12.4, 19.7, and 30.0 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9967701
TI  - Proton-nucleus scattering and density dependent meson masses in the nucleus.

PMID- 9967703
TI  - Multipair transfer processes in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9967702
TI  - Classical model for two-proton correlations in intermediate-energy heavy-ion
      reactions.

PMID- 9967704
TI  - Fusion-fission in nuclear systems with 40 <= ACN <= 80.

PMID- 9967705
TI  - Coulomb distortion effects in (e,e' gamma ) processes.

PMID- 9967706
TI  - Dynamical polarization potential due to the excitation of collective states.

PMID- 9967708
TI  - Barrier region resonance model for heavy ion resonances.

PMID- 9967707
TI  - Heavy-ion fission probability calculations at high excitation energy.

PMID- 9967710
TI  - Nuclear to quark-matter transition in the string-flip model.

PMID- 9967709
TI  - Distributions of transverse energy and forward energy in 16O- and 32S-induced
      heavy ion collisions at 60A and 200A GeV.

PMID- 9967712
TI  - (6Li,6He) measurements as an alternative calibration for solar neutrino
      detectors.

PMID- 9967711
TI  - Threshold eta photoproduction.

PMID- 9967714
TI  - 17O(n, alpha )14C cross section from 25 meV to approximately 1 MeV.

PMID- 9967713
TI  - Target and detection techniques for the 13N(p, gamma )14O reaction using
      radioactive ion beams: 13C(p, gamma )14N reaction as a test case.

PMID- 9967715
TI  - Ground-state Gamow-Teller strength in 64Ni(n,p)64Co cross sections at 90-240 MeV.

PMID- 9967716
TI  - Nuclear structure of 176Lu and its astrophysical consequences. I. Level scheme of
      176Lu.

PMID- 9967717
TI  - Nuclear structure of 176Lu and its astrophysical consequences. II. 176Lu, a
      thermometer for stellar helium burning.

PMID- 9967718
TI  - 176Lu: An unreliable s-process chronometer.

PMID- 9967719
TI  - Event-mixing analysis of two-proton correlation functions.

PMID- 9967720
TI  - Search for neutral pions from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf.

PMID- 9967721
TI  - Phase transitions in light nuclei.

PMID- 9967722
TI  - Chemical potentials of pi - and pi + in heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9967723
TI  - Temperature and mass dependence of level density parameter.

PMID- 9967724
TI  - Relation between bound state radius and scattering length: Exactly solvable
      relativistic model.

PMID- 9967725
TI  - Comment on "Interpretation of the fine structure in the 14C radioactive decay of
      223Ra"

PMID- 9967727
TI  - Comment on "Isospin forbidden ( alpha,d) transitions to the low-lying states in
      26Al"

PMID- 9967726
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Interpretation of the fine structure in the 14C radioactive
      decay of 223Ra' "

PMID- 9967728
TI  - Energy partition in near-barrier strongly damped collisions 58Ni+208Pb.

PMID- 9967729
TI  - Systematic behavior of the neutron-deficient molybdenum nuclei.

PMID- 9967730
TI  - Particle multiplicity dependence of high-energy photon production in a heavy-ion
      reaction.

PMID- 9967731
TI  - Correlation between E2 and M1 transition strength in even-even vibrational,
      transitional, and deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9967732
TI  - Elastic scattering of N-, L-, and S-type polarized 794 MeV protons from an ND3
      target polarized in the S-L plane.

PMID- 9967733
TI  - Measurement of spin-correlation parameters ALL and ASL in p-p elastic scattering
      from 500 to 800 MeV.

PMID- 9967735
TI  - Electromagnetic static moments of deuteron in the Bethe-Salpeter formalism.

PMID- 9967734
TI  - Theoretical study of 4He(e,e')4He*

PMID- 9967736
TI  - Decay modes of 31Ar and first observation of beta -delayed three-proton
      radioactivity.

PMID- 9967737
TI  - Behavior of the nuclear charge radii systematics in the s-d shell from muonic
      atom measurements.

PMID- 9967739
TI  - High spin states in 181Ir and backbending phenomena in the Os-Pt region.

PMID- 9967738
TI  - High-spin states in 166Lu.

PMID- 9967740
TI  - Elastic and inelastic alpha scattering on 36Ar at E alpha =40, 48, and 54 MeV.

PMID- 9967741
TI  - Emission temperatures from the decay of particle unstable complex nuclei.

PMID- 9967742
TI  - Nuclear magnetic moments of the ground states of 124I, 126I, and 130I.

PMID- 9967743
TI  - 19/2(-) g factor in 39K using a transient field-fusion reaction technique.

PMID- 9967744
TI  - Giant dipole resonance in 17O observed with the ( gamma,p) reaction.

PMID- 9967745
TI  - Systematics of the double giant dipole resonances in nuclei.

PMID- 9967747
TI  - Coriolis coupling in two-quasiparticle rotational bands of deformed even-even
      nuclei.

PMID- 9967746
TI  - Covariant description of dynamical processes in relativistic nuclear matter.

PMID- 9967748
TI  - Photopion cross sections and mass 14 structures.

PMID- 9967750
TI  - Convergence of the moments of inertia in f-p-g shell nuclei.

PMID- 9967749
TI  - Superdeformed single-particle orbitals in the A=190 region from Hartree-Fock plus
      BCS calculations.

PMID- 9967751
TI  - Quantum corrections to the potential energy for large amplitude collective
      motion.

PMID- 9967752
TI  - Spin determination and calculation of nuclear superdeformed bands in A~190
      region.

PMID- 9967753
TI  - Nuclear structure anomalies arising from the use of Bonn interactions and
      possible resolutions.

PMID- 9967754
TI  - Microscopic approach to the U(6/4 x 4)

PMID- 9967755
TI  - 3He and 4He production by 800 MeV protons from 12C, Ti, and Pb at forward angles.

PMID- 9967756
TI  - Collective motion in Ar+Pb collision at beam energies between 400 and 1800
      MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9967757
TI  - Coincidence analyzing-power measurements of the reaction 12C(p

PMID- 9967758
TI  - Incomplete fusion and cluster production in heavy-ion collisions at 30
      MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9967759
TI  - Transverse and longitudinal polarized-neutron, polarized-93Nb scattering, and the
      tensor spin-spin potential.

PMID- 9967760
TI  - Measurement of the proton-carbon bremsstrahlung cross sections at 2.135 MeV:
      Testing soft-photon approximations.

PMID- 9967762
TI  - Elastic scattering of 5 GeV/c pions from 4He.

PMID- 9967761
TI  - Intermediate mass fragment emission in 36Ar+197Au collisions at E/A=35 MeV.

PMID- 9967764
TI  - Mass distributions in various nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9967763
TI  - Born-approximation amplitudes for pion production in heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9967765
TI  - Thermostatic properties of Seyler-Blanchard nuclei.

PMID- 9967766
TI  - Relativistic optical model analysis of 180 MeV p-bar+12C elastic and inelastic
      scattering.

PMID- 9967767
TI  - Final-state Coulomb interactions for intermediate-mass fragment emission.

PMID- 9967769
TI  - Dynamical string-parton model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

PMID- 9967768
TI  - 4He-4He elastic scattering and variational wave functions.

PMID- 9967770
TI  - Stability of quark alpha in the effective mass approximation.

PMID- 9967771
TI  - Multichannel scattering with nonlocal and confining potentials. I. General
      theory.

PMID- 9967772
TI  - Multichannel scattering with nonlocal and confining potentials. II. Application
      to a nonrelativistic quark model of the NN interaction.

PMID- 9967773
TI  - Regular mechanism of parity and time invariance nonconserving effects enhancement
      in neutron capture and scattering near p-wave compound resonances.

PMID- 9967774
TI  - Soliton formation in nuclear matter.

PMID- 9967775
TI  - In-plane polarization transfer in the 6Li(p,p') reaction and the effective NN
      interaction.

PMID- 9967776
TI  - Comparison of analyzing power predictions for pp scattering in the Coulomb
      nuclear interference region at 185.4 MeV.

PMID- 9967777
TI  - Coulomb effects in three-nucleon scattering versus charge-symmetry breaking in
      the 3P nucleon-nucleon interactions.

PMID- 9967778
TI  - Second-forbidden unique beta decays of 10Be, 22Na, and 26Al.

PMID- 9967779
TI  - Comment on "Resonant excitation of the reaction 180Tam( gamma, gamma ')180Ta"

PMID- 9967780
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Resonant excitation of the reaction 180Tam( gamma, gamma
      ')180Ta' "

PMID- 9967781
TI  - Comment on "p-shell nuclei in a (0+2)

PMID- 9967782
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'p-shell nuclei in a (0+2)

PMID- 9967783
TI  - Comment on the need to introduce a T=1 quasideuteron.

PMID- 9967784
TI  - Reply to "Comment on the need to introduce a T=1 quasideuteron"

PMID- 9967785
TI  - Spin dependence in pp scattering in the Coulomb-nuclear interference region.

PMID- 9967787
TI  - Linkage between beta and gamma vibrational excitations in deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9967786
TI  - Intermediate mass fragment production in interaction 40Ar+208Pb at E/A=19.6 MeV.

PMID- 9967788
TI  - Effect of the neutron skin on collective states of nuclei.

PMID- 9967790
TI  - Resonant diproton spectrum measured using the reaction 2H(d,2p)2n at 15.7 MeV.

PMID- 9967789
TI  - Deep attractive NN potential as a potential for the N(1440)-N system.

PMID- 9967792
TI  - Can the quadrupole form factors of the N--> Delta transition be determined model
      independently?

PMID- 9967791
TI  - Coulomb screening in low-energy nuclear reactions.

PMID- 9967794
TI  - Eta photoproduction via 2H( gamma, eta )2H*

PMID- 9967793
TI  - Delta degrees of freedom in trinuclei. II. The Hannover Delta Delta model.

PMID- 9967795
TI  - Comparison of giant dipole resonance decay in stiff 92Mo and soft 100Mo excited
      nuclei.

PMID- 9967797
TI  - 77Se(t,p)79Se reaction at 17 MeV.

PMID- 9967796
TI  - [16O]

PMID- 9967798
TI  - Determination of neutron and proton multipole matrix elements in 208Pb from pi -
      and pi + scattering at 180 MeV.

PMID- 9967799
TI  - Prolate and oblate band structures in odd-odd 186,188Au.

PMID- 9967800
TI  - Systematic study of low-spin states in even Cd nuclei.

PMID- 9967802
TI  - Large-N scaling behavior in the pairing model.

PMID- 9967801
TI  - Spin-tensor analysis of realistic shell model interactions.

PMID- 9967803
TI  - Fission from Fe and Nb reactions with heavy targets at 50-100 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9967804
TI  - Calculation for fission decay from heavy ion reactions at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9967805
TI  - Analyzing powers for pi +/--13C

PMID- 9967806
TI  - Particle emission from 71As* produced via 20Ne+51V and 15N+56Fe reactions at 530
      MeV.

PMID- 9967807
TI  - Influence of pre-fission particle emission on fragment angular distributions
      studied for 208Pb(16O,f).

PMID- 9967808
TI  - Light particle emission near 0 degrees in the reaction 20Ne+181Ta at E/A=85 MeV.

PMID- 9967809
TI  - Reaction plane determination using azimuthal correlations.

PMID- 9967810
TI  - Near-barrier transfer reactions in the 36S+144,154Sm systems.

PMID- 9967812
TI  - Enhancement of the nuclear dipole sum: Microscopic approach.

PMID- 9967811
TI  - Coulomb-exchange contribution to proton-nucleus scattering.

PMID- 9967813
TI  - Elastic scattering phenomenology by inversion: 16O on 12C at 608 MeV.

PMID- 9967814
TI  - Angular distribution of fast protons from the pre-equilibrium process of the
      165Ho( alpha,p) reaction.

PMID- 9967816
TI  - Nuclear transparency to intermediate-energy nucleons from (e,e'p) reactions.

PMID- 9967815
TI  - Proton propagation in nuclei studied in the (e,e'p) reaction.

PMID- 9967817
TI  - Multiple electromagnetic excitations of relativistic projectiles.

PMID- 9967818
TI  - Quasielastic electron scattering in quasiparticle approach.

PMID- 9967820
TI  - Composite nucleons and the Dirac sea.

PMID- 9967819
TI  - Forward baryons in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9967821
TI  - Neutron stars in the derivative coupling model.

PMID- 9967822
TI  - Alpha decays of light uranium isotopes.

PMID- 9967823
TI  - Absolute total cross sections for deuteron photodisintegration between 7 and 19
      MeV.

PMID- 9967824
TI  - Classical approximation for the calculation of two-proton correlation functions
      for emissions with long lifetimes.

PMID- 9967825
TI  - Determination of F spin symmetry in deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9967826
TI  - Reconstruction of the spin dependence of one-nucleon-transfer spectroscopic sums
      from incomplete information.

PMID- 9967827
TI  - Nuclear dissipation and the feeding of superdeformed bands.

PMID- 9967828
TI  - Systematics of sub- and near-barrier fusion cross sections and the threshold
      anomaly.

PMID- 9967829
TI  - Off-mass-shell parity-nonconserving interactions in the nucleus.

PMID- 9967830
TI  - Polarized d+3He capture into the 3/2spl fusion resonance of 5Li and the role of
      the tensor force.

PMID- 9967832
TI  - Backward angle n-p differential cross section at 96 MeV.

PMID- 9967831
TI  - Probing alpha -particle wave functions by (d, alpha ) tensor analyzing powers.

PMID- 9967833
TI  - Energy dependence of the Gamow-Teller strength in p-shell nuclei observed in the
      (n,p) reaction.

PMID- 9967834
TI  - Determination of analyzing powers for 189 MeV proton elastic scattering on 12C.

PMID- 9967836
TI  - One-body, collective contributions to parity mixing in compound nuclear states.

PMID- 9967835
TI  - Pion absorption in heavy nuclei.

PMID- 9967837
TI  - K+ production in heavy ion collisions at far subthreshold beam energy.

PMID- 9967838
TI  - Saturation of B(E2) and B(M1) strengths in actinide nuclei.

PMID- 9967839
TI  - Prediction of first level isomeric half-lives of some even-even actinides.

PMID- 9967840
TI  - Absolute measurement of the differential cross section for deuteron
      photodisintegration from 63 to 71 MeV.

PMID- 9967841
TI  - Tests of a high density polarized 3He target for electron scattering.

PMID- 9967842
TI  - Reaction p-barp--> Lambda -bar Lambda in the meson-exchange picture.

PMID- 9967843
TI  - Nonmesonic weak decay of the hypertriton.

PMID- 9967844
TI  - Investigation of pion exchange in the NN and NN-bar systems.

PMID- 9967845
TI  - One-time relativistic equation and its application to nucleon-nucleon scattering.

PMID- 9967846
TI  - Boundary conditions for three-body scattering in configuration space.

PMID- 9967847
TI  - Pionic values for deuteron observables.

PMID- 9967848
TI  - Nonpionic effects in deuteron asymptotic observables.

PMID- 9967849
TI  - Observation of the low-energy octupole resonance in 208Pb by inelastic alpha
      scattering.

PMID- 9967850
TI  - The 70,72Ge(n,p)70,72Ga reactions: Suppression of Gamow-Teller strength near
      N=40.

PMID- 9967851
TI  - Isovector stretched-state excitations in the 20Ne, 24Mg, 28Si, and 32S(p,n)
      reactions at 136 MeV.

PMID- 9967852
TI  - Low-lying excitations in 176Yb and 180Hf from (p

PMID- 9967853
TI  - Decay of the 6(-) isomer of 164Tm.

PMID- 9967854
TI  - Sidebands in 219Ra.

PMID- 9967855
TI  - High-spin spectroscopy of 119,121I: Prolate and oblate shape coexistence.

PMID- 9967856
TI  - Fission branch in 259Lr and confirmation of 258Lr and 259Lr mass assignments.

PMID- 9967858
TI  - Double K-shell vacancy production in the electron capture decay of 125I.

PMID- 9967857
TI  - New nuclide 263Ha.

PMID- 9967859
TI  - Nuclear level densities at high excitations.

PMID- 9967860
TI  - Derivation of the Euler equations in Thomas-Fermi theories of a hot nuclear
      system.

PMID- 9967861
TI  - Toward a consistent random phase approximation based on the relativistic Hartree
      approximation.

PMID- 9967862
TI  - Modifications of the tensor and spin-orbit interactions and the stretched states
      in 208Pb.

PMID- 9967863
TI  - Nuclear structure properties of the double-charge-exchange transition amplitudes.

PMID- 9967864
TI  - Modified random phase approximation for multipole excitations at finite
      temperature.

PMID- 9967866
TI  - Fragmentation of stretched spin strength in N=Z sd-shell nuclei.

PMID- 9967865
TI  - Nuclear masses in the fermion dynamical symmetry model.

PMID- 9967868
TI  - Pre-equilibrium emission effects in the measured isomeric yield ratios in alpha
      induced reactions on 197Au.

PMID- 9967867
TI  - Quantal entropy, fluctuations, and the description of many-body ground states.

PMID- 9967869
TI  - Low-energy intermediate mass fragments in the 16O+12C reaction at 38 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9967870
TI  - Enhanced production of 24Na by wide-angle secondaries produced in the interaction
      of relativistic carbon ions with copper.

PMID- 9967871
TI  - Charged particle multiplicities in reactions of Ag with 40Ar of 7, 17, 27, and 34
      MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9967872
TI  - 14C(p,n)14N reaction at Ep=35 MeV.

PMID- 9967873
TI  - Neutron emission as a probe of fusion-fission and quasifission dynamics.

PMID- 9967874
TI  - Fast-neutron interaction with elemental zirconium, and the dispersive optical
      model.

PMID- 9967876
TI  - Canonical studies of the cluster distribution, dynamical evolution, and critical
      temperature in nuclear multifragmentation processes.

PMID- 9967875
TI  - Measurement of the 12C(p, pi 0)13N reaction by recoil detection.

PMID- 9967877
TI  - Electron Coulomb effects in quasielastic (e,e'p) reactions.

PMID- 9967878
TI  - alpha + alpha scattering in a microscopic model with monopolar distortion.

PMID- 9967879
TI  - Single particle analysis of (e,e') and the value of separated structure
      functions.

PMID- 9967881
TI  - Nuclear alignment: Classical dynamical model for the 238U-238U system.

PMID- 9967880
TI  - Geometric interpretation of the effect of the quadrupole force in the collisions
      of deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9967882
TI  - Single-step and coupled-channels calculations of pion inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9967884
TI  - Nucleon in nuclear matter.

PMID- 9967883
TI  - Wounded projectile nucleon model of the Eveto distributions in ultrarelativistic
      nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9967885
TI  - Role of nuclear binding in the European-Muon-Collaboration effect.

PMID- 9967886
TI  - Total cross sections and thermonuclear reaction rates for 13C(d,n) and 14C(d,n).

PMID- 9967887
TI  - Recoil properties of target fragments from the interaction of silver with 218 GeV
      16O ions.

PMID- 9967888
TI  - Search for cluster radioactivity of 237Np.

PMID- 9967889
TI  - Nuclear structure and medium effects in p

PMID- 9967890
TI  - From constituent quark to current quark: Origin of the European Muon
      Collaboration effect.

PMID- 9967891
TI  - Phi meson in dense matter.

PMID- 9967892
TI  - Bosonic kinetics and the pion transverse momentum in heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9967893
TI  - Entrance-channel effects in the population of superdeformed bands in 147,148Gd.

PMID- 9967895
TI  - Pure electric monopole transitions in an odd-mass nucleus.

PMID- 9967894
TI  - Evidence for enhanced electric dipole excitations in deformed rare earth nuclei
      near 2.5 MeV.

PMID- 9967896
TI  - Possibility of observing massive neutrino admixtures in nuclear orbital electron
      capture rates.

PMID- 9967897
TI  - Analysis of pp-pp, pi d- pi d, and pp- pi d processes concerning a narrow
      structure in pp-Ay data at sqrt s ~2.16 GeV.

PMID- 9967898
TI  - 3He and 4He proton-proton densities.

PMID- 9967899
TI  - Comparison of nucleon-nucleon potential models in proton-proton bremsstrahlung.

PMID- 9967900
TI  - Exact solution of the Faddeev equations for the harmonic oscillator.

PMID- 9967901
TI  - Three-body electrodisintegration of the trinucleon system.

PMID- 9967902
TI  - Effect of the N Delta interaction on observables of the pi NN and gamma NN
      systems.

PMID- 9967903
TI  - Generalized potential-model description of mutual scattering of the lightest p+d,
      d+3He nuclei and the corresponding photonuclear reactions.

PMID- 9967904
TI  - Bar-shape and eigenshape parameters from the zero-energy wave functions.

PMID- 9967906
TI  - g factors for yrast states in isotopic doublets 156,158Gd and 166,168Er.

PMID- 9967905
TI  - Inelastic scattering of protons, 3He, and 4He at 30 MeV/nucleon from 166Er and
      176Yb and quadrupole moments of the optical potential.

PMID- 9967907
TI  - Inelastic transverse electron scattering on 25Mg.

PMID- 9967908
TI  - Transitional nucleus 101Ag: Spin-stabilized deformation in odd Ag isotopes.

PMID- 9967909
TI  - Level structure of 52Cr from the 51V(3He,d) reaction.

PMID- 9967911
TI  - Level structure of 126Xe: Population of low-spin levels in the decay of 1(+)
      126Cs and theoretical description of adjacent even-even Xe nuclides.

PMID- 9967910
TI  - Nuclear structure functions at x>1.

PMID- 9967912
TI  - Thermal-neutron capture by magnesium isotopes.

PMID- 9967913
TI  - Decays and masses of 162,163Ta and some neighboring nuclides.

PMID- 9967914
TI  - Evidence for weak coupling in 145Pm.

PMID- 9967915
TI  - Neutron and proton dynamics of 48Ca levels and gamma -ray decays from neutron
      inelastic scattering.

PMID- 9967917
TI  - Dynamic inertia tensor at high spins.

PMID- 9967916
TI  - Interacting-boson-approximation study on the nuclear structural factor in double
      charge-exchange reactions.

PMID- 9967919
TI  - Isospin-induced effects in hot deformed A

PMID- 9967918
TI  - High-momentum components in a relativistic mean-field ground state.

PMID- 9967920
TI  - Chaos in the low-lying collective states of even-even nuclei: Quantal
      fluctuations.

PMID- 9967921
TI  - Ground state proton emission from heavy nuclei.

PMID- 9967922
TI  - Periodic structure in nuclear matter.

PMID- 9967924
TI  - Shape diffusion in the shell model.

PMID- 9967923
TI  - Limits on the lifetime of the shape isomer of 238U.

PMID- 9967925
TI  - Construction of shell-model interactions for Z >~ 50, N >~ 82 nuclei: Predictions
      for A=133-134 beta - decays.

PMID- 9967926
TI  - Proton-helium correlation in 94 MeV/nucleon 16O-induced reactions on Al, Ni, and
      Au targets.

PMID- 9967928
TI  - Beam-velocity fragment yields and momenta in nucleus-nucleus collisions from 20
      MeV/nucleon to 200 GeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9967927
TI  - Quasifree subthreshold pion production in the reaction 12C(p,d pi +)11B.

PMID- 9967929
TI  - Alpha-particle scattering from 6Li near the alpha -d breakup threshold.

PMID- 9967930
TI  - Dominance of the two-nucleon mechanism in 16O( pi +,pp) at 115 MeV.

PMID- 9967931
TI  - Fusion evaporation-residue cross sections for 28Si+40Ca at E(28Si)=309, 397, and
      452 MeV.

PMID- 9967932
TI  - Gamow-Teller and dipole strength distribution in 40Ca(n,p)40K reaction.

PMID- 9967933
TI  - Survey of the (9Be,6He) reaction on 9Be, 10B, 11B, and 12C.

PMID- 9967934
TI  - Proton-deuteron bremsstrahlung at 145 and 195 MeV.

PMID- 9967936
TI  - Extraction of nuclear spin response functions from spin observables of nucleon
      quasifree scattering.

PMID- 9967935
TI  - High energy gamma ray production in proton-induced reactions at 104, 145, and 195
      MeV.

PMID- 9967938
TI  - Fusion barriers using the energy-density formalism: Simple analytical formula and
      the calculation of fusion cross sections.

PMID- 9967937
TI  - Finite size effect on the strong absorption radius and the barrier parameters of
      the heavy-ion potential.

PMID- 9967939
TI  - Quantal and thermal zero point motion formulae of barrier transmission
      probability.

PMID- 9967941
TI  - Color transparency and high-energy (p,2p) nuclear reactions.

PMID- 9967940
TI  - Semiclassical approximation to the two-step direct nucleon-nucleus reaction.

PMID- 9967942
TI  - Boson mappings applied to the two-color delta model.

PMID- 9967943
TI  - Quark and gluon condensates in nuclear matter.

PMID- 9967944
TI  - Quark-quark interaction with correction from nonperturbative QCD.

PMID- 9967945
TI  - Transport theory of relativistic heavy-ion collisions with chiral symmetry.

PMID- 9967946
TI  - Electromagnetic properties of the pion as a composite Nambu-Goldstone boson.

PMID- 9967947
TI  - Contribution of the induced tensor form factor to the A=8 beta - nu - alpha
      angular correlation.

PMID- 9967948
TI  - Study of the isoscalar weak neutral current by electron scattering from polarized
      deuterium.

PMID- 9967949
TI  - Parity violation in neutron statistical scattering.

PMID- 9967950
TI  - Charged- and neutral-current solar-neutrino cross sections for heavy-water
      Cherenkov detectors.

PMID- 9967952
TI  - Analysis of 8Li( alpha,n)11B below the Coulomb barrier in the potential model.

PMID- 9967951
TI  - Astrophysical neutrino reactions on the deuteron.

PMID- 9967953
TI  - Differential cross section for proton-proton bremsstrahlung at 294 MeV.

PMID- 9967954
TI  - Measurement of the 1H(d

PMID- 9967955
TI  - Pairing and high-spin states in proton-rich N=82 nuclei.

PMID- 9967956
TI  - Kaon photoproduction on the neutron using deuterium.

PMID- 9967957
TI  - Partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear matter.

PMID- 9967958
TI  - K+-nucleus scattering and the nucleon in the nuclear medium.

PMID- 9967959
TI  - Analysis of the Azz measurement in np scattering at Tlab=67.5 MeV.

PMID- 9967960
TI  - Comment on "Pion scattering from 39K and 58Ni and virtual excitation effects on
      elastic scattering."

PMID- 9967961
TI  - Reply to "Comment on 'Kaon photoproduction, data consistency, coupling constants,
      and polarization observables.' "

PMID- 9967962
TI  - Identical bands in widely dispersed nuclei.

PMID- 9967964
TI  - Ab initio calculation of superdeformed bands in 192Hg.

PMID- 9967963
TI  - Is there incomplete mixing of states with different K quantum numbers in the
      neutron resonance region?

PMID- 9967965
TI  - S-matrix poles and phase shifts for N Delta scattering.

PMID- 9967967
TI  - Hard photon production in proton-deuteron reactions at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9967966
TI  - p+d

PMID- 9967968
TI  - Delta degrees of freedom in trinuclei. III. The Argonne Delta model.

PMID- 9967969
TI  - Folded-diagram nucleon-nucleon potential for application to the many-body
      problem.

PMID- 9967970
TI  - Kaonic hydrogen atom and low energy K-barN interaction.

PMID- 9967971
TI  - Pion dressing of nucleons and nuclear forces: Nonperturbative approach.

PMID- 9967972
TI  - Relativistic one-boson-exchange model for the nucleon-nucleon interaction.

PMID- 9967973
TI  - Bethe-Salpeter calculation of three-nucleon observables with multirank separable
      interactions.

PMID- 9967974
TI  - Neutron resonance spectroscopy on 113Cd: The p-wave levels.

PMID- 9967975
TI  - Reaction 48Ti(p, gamma )49V from 1.75 to 2.50 MeV.

PMID- 9967976
TI  - Spectroscopy of high spin states in 92Mo and 90Mo.

PMID- 9967977
TI  - Giant quadrupole resonance in Ni isotopes.

PMID- 9967978
TI  - Spectroscopy of 123Cs: Configuration dependent crossing frequencies.

PMID- 9967979
TI  - Asymmetric fission of 149Tb* from the finite-range, rotating-liquid-drop model:
      Mean total kinetic energies for binary fragmentation.

PMID- 9967980
TI  - Collective motion of nuclear mixed states: Thermal boson expansions.

PMID- 9967981
TI  - Anharmonicities of nuclear vibrations from periodic mean-field orbits.

PMID- 9967982
TI  - Hot nuclear and neutron matter with a density-dependent interaction.

PMID- 9967983
TI  - Octupole shapes and shape changes at high spins in the Z

PMID- 9967984
TI  - Spectroscopy of samarium isotopes in the sdg interacting boson model.

PMID- 9967985
TI  - alpha decay calculations with a realistic potential.

PMID- 9967986
TI  - Nuclear compressibility and the isoscalar monopole resonance in a relativistic
      continuum random phase approximation.

PMID- 9967987
TI  - Correlated finite-temperature Hartree-Fock approximation and the thermal behavior
      of finite systems.

PMID- 9967988
TI  - Relation between nuclear deformation and alpha clustering in heavy nuclei.

PMID- 9967989
TI  - Fission decay of giant resonances in 238U excited in alpha scattering at small
      momentum transfer.

PMID- 9967990
TI  - Elastic scattering and quasielastic transfer in the system 76,82Se+192,198Pt.

PMID- 9967991
TI  - Interplay between single-particle and collective degrees of freedom in the
      excitation of the low-lying states in 140Ce.

PMID- 9967992
TI  - Excitation functions for complex fragment emission in the E/A =20-100 MeV
      14N+natAg, 197Au reactions.

PMID- 9967993
TI  - Absolute calibration of the transverse analyzing power in proton-carbon elastic
      scattering at 50.24 MeV.

PMID- 9967994
TI  - 7Li( alpha,2 alpha )3H reaction from 77 to 119 MeV.

PMID- 9967996
TI  - Alpha-induced reactions in iridium.

PMID- 9967995
TI  - Neutron yields and angular distributions produced in antiproton annihilation at
      rest in uranium.

PMID- 9967997
TI  - Neutron induced pion production on C, Al, Cu, and W at 200-600 MeV.

PMID- 9967998
TI  - Evolution of reaction mechanisms in the light heavy-ion system.

PMID- 9967999
TI  - Light particle emission in Boltzmann master equation theory of pre-equilibrium
      reactions.

PMID- 9968000
TI  - Preequilibrium to evaporation residues: Dynamical approach to intermediate energy
      nucleus-nucleus collisions.

PMID- 9968001
TI  - Peripheral three-body coupling model for knockout reactions.

PMID- 9968002
TI  - Statistical emission of deuterons and tritons from highly excited compound
      nuclei.

PMID- 9968003
TI  - Nucleon-nucleon correlation effects in the elastic scattering of alpha particles
      from 11Li at 26 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9968004
TI  - General features of nucleon-nucleus interaction in the resonating-group
      formulation.

PMID- 9968005
TI  - Two-particle azimuthal correlations in light nuclei collisions at 4.2 GeV/c per
      nucleon.

PMID- 9968006
TI  - Upper limit on the cross section for nuclear charge pickup by relativistic
      uranium ions.

PMID- 9968008
TI  - K/ pi ratios in relativistic heavy ion collisions.

PMID- 9968007
TI  - Electromagnetic dissociation of relativistic 28Si into p+27Al.

PMID- 9968009
TI  - Neutral pion condensation in quark matter including vacuum fluctuation effects.

PMID- 9968011
TI  - Comparison of inelastic neutrino and antineutrino scattering on nuclei.

PMID- 9968010
TI  - Experimental study of neutrino absorption on carbon.

PMID- 9968012
TI  - Neutron capture in 122,123,124Te: Critical test for s process studies.

PMID- 9968013
TI  - Neutron cross sections of 122Te, 123Te, and 124Te between 1 and 60 keV.

PMID- 9968015
TI  - Angular distributions in 109Cd.

PMID- 9968014
TI  - Low-momentum-transfer 180 degrees electron scattering from the 3.68 MeV 3/2(-)
      and the 3.85 MeV 5/2(+) states in 13C.

PMID- 9968016
TI  - Elastic scattering and fusion calculations for 16O+63,65Cu.

PMID- 9968017
TI  - K+-nucleus cross sections with a density-dependent K+N interaction.

PMID- 9968018
TI  - Relation between the kinematic and dynamic moments of inertia in superdeformed
      nuclei.

PMID- 9968019
TI  - Form factors and gauge invariance in pion photoproduction.

PMID- 9968020
TI  - Neutron skin of spherical nuclei in relativistic and nonrelativistic mean-field
      approaches.

PMID- 9968021
TI  - Relativistic nuclear matter with composite nucleons.

PMID- 9968022
TI  - 2H(p,n)2p spin transfer from 305 to 788 MeV.

PMID- 9968023
TI  - Measurement of a complete set of analyzing powers and cross section of the
      kinematically complete breakup reaction 4He(d

PMID- 9968024
TI  - Inelastic scattering of polarized protons from 4He at 500 and 800 MeV.

PMID- 9968026
TI  - Extracting a value of the deuteron radius by reanalysis of the experimental data.

PMID- 9968025
TI  - Two-nucleon absorption of pi + in 4He at T pi +=114 and 162 MeV.

PMID- 9968027
TI  - Slow proton production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic neutrino scattering on
      hydrogen and deuterium.

PMID- 9968028
TI  - Delta degrees of freedom in trinuclei. IV. Delta Delta Delta effects.

PMID- 9968029
TI  - Effects of Delta -isobar degrees of freedom on low-energy electroweak transitions
      in few-body nuclei.

PMID- 9968030
TI  - Hyperspherical approach for the trinucleon system with hard-core potential.

PMID- 9968031
TI  - Charge symmetry breaking two-pion exchange.

PMID- 9968032
TI  - Parity-violating asymmetry in quasielastic e-d scattering.

PMID- 9968034
TI  - Inelastic alpha scattering from 20Ne.

PMID- 9968033
TI  - Second minimum lifetime measurements in 133Nd and 137Nd.

PMID- 9968035
TI  - Transition densities of collective excitations in 118Sn.

PMID- 9968036
TI  - High resolution electron scattering from high spin states in 208Pb.

PMID- 9968038
TI  - Spin and parity measurements in 128,129La.

PMID- 9968037
TI  - Double giant dipole resonance in the ( pi -, pi +) reaction.

PMID- 9968039
TI  - Semidecoupled band structure in odd-odd 134La and 136Pr.

PMID- 9968041
TI  - Rotation and wobbling motion in triaxially deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9968040
TI  - Proton resonances in 30P.

PMID- 9968042
TI  - Spin-orbit splitting for single-particle and single-hole energies: Interplay of
      relativity and core polarization.

PMID- 9968043
TI  - Analysis of a three-dimensional cranking in a simple model.

PMID- 9968044
TI  - Properties of dense nuclear and neutron matter with relativistic nucleon-nucleon
      interactions.

PMID- 9968046
TI  - Systematics of the deduced fission barriers for the doubly even transactinium
      nuclei.

PMID- 9968045
TI  - Comparison of two approaches to microscopy of the interacting boson model.

PMID- 9968047
TI  - P-A in the 48Ca(p,n)48Sc reaction at 135 MeV.

PMID- 9968048
TI  - Effects of 6Li excitation in 64Zn(d

PMID- 9968050
TI  - Heavy-ion charge-exchange reactions and the measurement of Gamow-Teller strength.

PMID- 9968049
TI  - Pion correlations in 1.8A GeV Ar on KCl and La and 1.2A GeV Xe on La.

PMID- 9968051
TI  - Capture reactions in the 40,48Ca+197Au and 40,48Ca+208Pb systems.

PMID- 9968052
TI  - Coulomb and nuclear effects in direct breakup of 54-MeV 7Li+12C, 197Au.

PMID- 9968053
TI  - Core polarization effects in (p

PMID- 9968054
TI  - Equivalent local potentials for energy dependent nonlocal interactions.

PMID- 9968055
TI  - Dispersion relation analysis of d+208Pb elastic scattering.

PMID- 9968056
TI  - Microscopic analysis of alpha scattering from 28Si at 40 and 45 MeV.

PMID- 9968057
TI  - Break-up effect on the elastic scattering and the optical potential of 11Li.

PMID- 9968058
TI  - Strong absorption model and its associated potential.

PMID- 9968059
TI  - Measurement of d-C and d-Al total cross sections in the incident momentum range
      2.0-4.0 GeV/c.

PMID- 9968061
TI  - Nuclear stopping power at ~15 GeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9968062
TI  - Hadronic matter in a nontopological soliton model.

PMID- 9968060
TI  - Global transverse energy distributions in relativistic nuclear collisions at
      14.6A GeV/c.

PMID- 9968063
TI  - Vertex corrections to vacuum polarization in hadronic field theories.

PMID- 9968064
TI  - Reaction 36Ar(p, gamma )37K in explosive hydrogen burning.

PMID- 9968066
TI  - J pi composition of the spin-dipole resonance in 40Ca.

PMID- 9968065
TI  - Closed form theory of elastic breakup and applications to astrophysically
      relevant heavy ion reactions.

PMID- 9968067
TI  - Excitation functions of 46-50Ti(n,p)46-50Sc processes.

PMID- 9968068
TI  - Extended selection rules for allowed beta decays in actinides.

PMID- 9968069
TI  - Phenomenological approach to high-spin quantum fields based on the Weinberg
      formalism.

PMID- 9968070
TI  - Empirical model for three-quasiparticle states.

PMID- 9968071
TI  - Partial transitions in the nonmesonic decay of hypernuclei.

PMID- 9968072
TI  - Effect of inelasticity in charge symmetry breaking neutron-proton scattering.

PMID- 9968073
TI  - Two neutron removal in relativistic nucleus-nucleus reactions.

PMID- 9968075
TI  - Eikonal scattering from complex systems.

PMID- 9968074
TI  - Dynamical dependence of thermal phase transformations in finite systems.

PMID- 9968076
TI  - Parametrization of thermal photon emission rates from mesonic matter.

PMID- 9968077
TI  - Delayed neutron alignment in 117I.

PMID- 9968078
TI  - Analyzing power measurements for p-d radiative capture.

PMID- 9968079
TI  - Fluctuations and intermittency in multifragmentation processes.

PMID- 9968081
TI  - Implications of the 14C( alpha, gamma )18O reaction for nonstandard big bang
      nucleosynthesis.

PMID- 9968080
TI  - Signature splitting in octupole bands of deformed nuclei.

PMID- 9968082
TI  - Dynamical freeze-out criterion in Bjorken's hydrodynamical model.

PMID- 9968083
TI  - Distortion effects in the quasifree 12C(d

PMID- 9968084
TI  - Density effects in the (e,e'p) reaction.

PMID- 9968085
TI  - np elastic spin-transfer measurements at 485 and 635 MeV.

PMID- 9968087
TI  - Effect of the three-nucleon force on the three-nucleon ground state: Reducible
      and irreducible contributions.

PMID- 9968086
TI  - He4( pi, pi 'p)H3 reaction near the P33 pi -nucleon resonance.

PMID- 9968088
TI  - Delta 33-isobar contribution to the soft nucleon-nucleon potentials. I. 2 pi 
      exchange potentials.

PMID- 9968089
TI  - Delta 33-isobar contribution to the soft nucleon-nucleon potentials. II. pi rho 
      exchange potentials.

PMID- 9968090
TI  - pi NN system with two-term potentials in the P33 and P11 pi N channels.

PMID- 9968091
TI  - Oblate collectivity in 197Pb.

PMID- 9968092
TI  - 45Sc(d,p)46Sc reaction.

PMID- 9968093
TI  - Resonant formation of pionic atoms with neutron collisions.

PMID- 9968094
TI  - Do nucleons in abnormal-parity states contribute to deformation?

PMID- 9968095
TI  - Double-beta decay to excited 0(+) states: Decay of 100Mo.

PMID- 9968096
TI  - Two-loop corrections for nuclear matter in the Walecka model with form factors.

PMID- 9968097
TI  - Structure of even Ge isotopes by means of interacting boson model with a fermion
      pair model.

PMID- 9968098
TI  - Systematic study of the effect of short range correlations on the occupation
      numbers of the shell model orbits in light nuclei.

PMID- 9968099
TI  - Isoscalar transition rates from inelastic alpha scattering.

PMID- 9968100
TI  - Model test of boson mappings.

PMID- 9968101
TI  - Approach to the relativistic extended Thomas-Fermi expansion for Green's
      functions, phase-space densities, and densities.

PMID- 9968102
TI  - Characterization of octupole correlations in the Lipkin model.

PMID- 9968103
TI  - Fusion and elastic scattering for the 12C+144Sm system at energies near to the
      Coulomb barrier.

PMID- 9968104
TI  - Isomeric yield ratios and excitation functions in alpha -induced reactions on
      107,109Ag.

PMID- 9968105
TI  - Inclusive neutron cross sections from Ne-Pb collisions at 790 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9968106
TI  - Heavy residue production in 215 MeV 16O+27Al reactions.

PMID- 9968108
TI  - Multiple scattering theory of proton elastic scattering at intermediate energies.

PMID- 9968107
TI  - Pion absorption in light nuclei.

PMID- 9968109
TI  - Analysis of neutron+nucleus scattering data with nonlocal optical potentials
      based on the resonating-group formulation.

PMID- 9968110
TI  - Nuclear fission with diffusive dynamics.

PMID- 9968112
TI  - Metastable exotic multihypernuclear objects.

PMID- 9968111
TI  - Charged particle multiplicity in 28Si+Al, Cu, and Pb reactions at Elab=14.6
      GeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9968113
TI  - Measuring the QCD transition temperature with resonant dileptons in
      ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions.

PMID- 9968114
TI  - Confining quark condensate model of the nucleon.

PMID- 9968115
TI  - Neutrino- and antineutrino-deuteron elastic scattering and the axial isoscalar
      nucleon current.

PMID- 9968116
TI  - Recoil effects and CP violation in neutron scattering.

PMID- 9968118
TI  - In-plane particle-residue correlations in the 40Ar(1100 MeV)+24Mg reaction.

PMID- 9968117
TI  - Decay property of 20Na for the onset mechanism of the rapid-proton process.

PMID- 9968119
TI  - beta 4 systematics in rare-earth and actinide nuclei: sdg interacting boson model
      description.

PMID- 9968120
TI  - Probing time scales in projectile fragmentation processes at intermediate
      energies.

PMID- 9968121
TI  - Near-barrier fusion of 11Li with heavy spherical and deformed targets.

PMID- 9968123
TI  - Determining the 12C( alpha, gamma ) 16O cross section from Coulomb dissociation.

PMID- 9968122
TI  - One-body dissipation at intermediate nuclear connection regimes.

PMID- 9968124
TI  - Erratum: 40Ca photoneutron cross section above the giant dipole resonance

PMID- 9968125
TI  - Particle-particle correlations: Independent particle emission versus sequential
      decay of heavy fragments.

PMID- 9968126
TI  - Lifetime measurement of the first 2(+) state in 122,124,126Ba.

PMID- 9968128
TI  - Spin-triplet strength in the 3H(p

PMID- 9968127
TI  - Rise and fall of multifragment emission at relativistic energy.

PMID- 9968129
TI  - Pion absorption followed by multinucleon emission.

PMID- 9968130
TI  - Measurements of mean reaction times for fusion-fission and fusion-evaporation
      processes in the 28Si+28Si interaction.

PMID- 9968131
TI  - Fragment production in heavy-ion reactions.

PMID- 9968132
TI  - QCD sum rules for vector mesons in the nuclear medium.

PMID- 9968133
TI  - Search for identical bands at normal deformation in the A=130 mass region.

PMID- 9968134
TI  - Mechanism for nuclear disassembly of the Ar+Th and Pb+Au systems at intermediate
      energies.

PMID- 9968136
TI  - Near-threshold proton-induced neutral pion production from deuterium.

PMID- 9968135
TI  - Dynamical hindrance to neutron-rich-projectile-induced fusion.

PMID- 9968137
TI  - Charge symmetry breaking in n

PMID- 9968139
TI  - Exclusive deuteron electrodisintegration with polarized electrons and a polarized
      target.

PMID- 9968138
TI  - Elastic photon scattering from 4He: Charge symmetry problem.

PMID- 9968140
TI  - Three-body collapse for Tabakin potentials and the Thomas effect.

PMID- 9968141
TI  - Pion double charge exchange on 128,130Te.

PMID- 9968142
TI  - Observation of high-spin states in the N=84 nucleus 152Er and comparison with
      shell-model calculations.

PMID- 9968143
TI  - Isospin character of the transition to the 0.803-MeV state in 206Pb from pi +/-
      scattering at 180 MeV.

PMID- 9968144
TI  - Excitation of 6(-) and 7(+) stretched states in the 38Ar(p,n)38K reaction at 135
      MeV.

PMID- 9968145
TI  - Decay of 120Ba.

PMID- 9968146
TI  - Rotational band structure in 75Se.

PMID- 9968147
TI  - Breakup-fusion analyses of the 40Ca(6Li,d)44Ti reactions and alpha -cluster
      structure in 44Ti.

PMID- 9968148
TI  - Intruder analog states: New classification of particle-hole excitations near
      closed shells.

PMID- 9968149
TI  - Semimicroscopic algebraic study of the alpha -cluster states of the 18O nucleus.

PMID- 9968150
TI  - Temperature dependent resonant random phase approximation.

PMID- 9968151
TI  - Validity of the quasiparticle approximation in nuclear matter.

PMID- 9968153
TI  - Dynamical microscopic three-cluster description of 6Li.

PMID- 9968152
TI  - Interpretation of the scalar fields of the relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock
      formalism.

PMID- 9968154
TI  - Resonant and nonresonant behavior of the heavy-ion reaction 14C+12C.

PMID- 9968155
TI  - Quantitative studies of continuum gamma-ray correlations in 170Hf.

PMID- 9968156
TI  - Reactions 58,64Ni(p, pi +/-) at 201 MeV.

PMID- 9968157
TI  - Energy dependence of the 6Li( alpha,2 alpha )pn reaction from 77 to 119 MeV.

PMID- 9968159
TI  - Giant dipole resonance decay from fusion-fission and quasifission of hot thorium
      nuclei.

PMID- 9968158
TI  - Exclusive 16O( gamma, pi -p) reaction in the Delta resonance region.

PMID- 9968161
TI  - Fragmentation of 197Au by 21 MeV/nucleon 129Xe.

PMID- 9968162
TI  - K+ total cross sections on 12C and medium effects in nuclei.

PMID- 9968160
TI  - Evolution of fragment-fragment correlations in reactions of 197Au and 107,109Ag
      with 40Ar from 7A to 34A MeV.

PMID- 9968164
TI  - Analysis of the transverse momentum collective motion in heavy-ion collisions
      below 100 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9968163
TI  - Mutual inelastic excitation in the 28Si+28Si reaction at 19.7 and 30 MeV/nucleon.

PMID- 9968166
TI  - Inelastic breakup in heavy-ion reactions.

PMID- 9968165
TI  - Cluster-dynamical approach to N-body scattering.